title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is induced through phorbol ester--and glycated human albumin-dependent pathway in THP-1 cells.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is involved in insulin resistance. Since the fact that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands inhibit the induction of TNF-alpha by phorbol ester, but not by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggests two pathways to induce TNF-alpha, we investigated the mechanisms of glycated human albumin (GHA)- or phorbol ester-induced TNF-alpha in THP-1 cells. GHA induced TNF-alpha release in differentiated THP-1 cells, while phorbol ester induced TNF-alpha release in undifferentiated cells but did not induce TNF-alpha in differentiated cells. Forskolin (adenylate cyclase activator) affected more the GHA-induced TNF-alpha release than the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced one in undifferentiated cells. Staurosporine [protein kinase-C (PK-C) inhibitor] and PD98059 [mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (MAPK)] only partially inhibited GHA-induced TNF-alpha. Catalase completely inhibited GHA-induced TNF-alpha release; however, superoxide dismutase (SOD) had no effect. These results suggest at least two pathways to induce TNF-alpha (phorbol ester- and GHA-dependent ways) and that GHA-induced TNF-alpha release is through predominantly catalase-dependent way in differentiated THP-1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., Shiraoka Research Station of Biological Science, 1470 Shiraoka, Minamisaitama, 349-0294, Saitama, Japan. naitouta@nissanchem.co.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuruzoe
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019311:Staurosporine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin