[Palliative sedation to dying patients in Norway].
BACKGROUND
In May 2000, the Norwegian Medical Association appointed a working group to propose guidelines for the practice of palliative sedation to dying patients (terminal sedation). The present study is part of this work. The aim of the study was to register to what extent this form of palliation is used in Norwegian hospitals, on what indications, how decisions are reached, and whether the treatment is considered necessary. The definition of palliative sedation given was: induction and maintenance of sleep for the relief of pain or other types of suffering in a patient close to death. The intention is exclusively to relieve intractable pain, not to shorten the patient's life.


METHODS
An anonymous questionnaire was sent to 364 Norwegian hospital departments that might have experience with palliative sedation. Results are reported partly as free text comments and partly as frequencies of predetermined response alternatives.


RESULTS
58% of the questionnaires were returned. 22% of the respondents had given palliative sedation to a dying patient during the last 12 months, and more than half of the physicians found this intervention sometimes necessary. Pain was the most frequent indication; none of the respondents claimed to haven given sedation exclusively based on depression/anxiety. Lack of resources still seems to be an obstacle to optimal palliative care in Norway.


CONCLUSIONS
Though it has some methodological weaknesses, this study confirms the need for national guidelines.
Førde
R
R
Legeforeningens forskningsinstitutt Postboks 1152 Sentrum 0107 Oslo. reidun.foerde@legeforeningen.no
Aasland
O G
OG
Falkum
E
E
Breivik
H
H
Kaasa
S
S
D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009664:Norway; D010166:Palliative Care; D010358:Patient Participation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives