title: Sepsis-induced apoptosis causes progressive profound depletion of B and CD4+ T lymphocytes in humans.
abstract: Patients with sepsis have impaired host defenses that contribute to the lethality of the disorder. Recent work implicates lymphocyte apoptosis as a potential factor in the immunosuppression of sepsis. If lymphocyte apoptosis is an important mechanism, specific subsets of lymphocytes may be more vulnerable. A prospective study of lymphocyte cell typing and apoptosis was conducted in spleens from 27 patients with sepsis and 25 patients with trauma. Spleens from 16 critically ill nonseptic (3 prospective and 13 retrospective) patients were also evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining showed a caspase-9-mediated profound progressive loss of B and CD4 T helper cells in sepsis. Interestingly, sepsis did not decrease CD8 T or NK cells. Although there was no overall effect on lymphocytes from critically ill nonseptic patients (considered as a group), certain individual patients did exhibit significant loss of B and CD4 T cells. The loss of B and CD4 T cells in sepsis is especially significant because it occurs during life-threatening infection, a state in which massive lymphocyte clonal expansion should exist. Mitochondria-dependent lymphocyte apoptosis may contribute to the immunosuppression in sepsis by decreasing the number of immune effector cells. Similar loss of lymphocytes may be occurring in critically ill patients with other disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. hotch@morpheus.wustl.edu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Tinsley
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schmieg
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Karl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000473:pathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D018951:Antigens, CD20; D017252:CD3 Complex; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases