Characterization of emissions of dioxins and furans from ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer and polyvinyl chloride facilities in the United States. Consolidated report.
This is the consolidated report of emissions of PCDD/F from facilities in the organic chemical manufacturing chain leading to polyvinyl chloride. Data have been gathered from facilities in the US and Canada from a number of manufacturers and at various steps in the manufacturing process. Estimates of US emissions or transfers of PCDD/F were generated on an "Upper Bound" and "Most Likely" basis. The Most Likely estimate of US emissions of PCDD/F to the open environment, that is, air, water and land surface by facilities in this chain, based on evaluation of non-detects at one-half the detection limit is about 12 g I-TEQ per year. On this same basis, an estimated 19 g is disposed of in secure landfills.
Carroll
W F
WF
The Vinyl Institute, Inc., Arlington, VA 22209, USA.
Berger
T C
TC
Borrelli
F E
FE
Garrity
P J
PJ
Jacobs
R A
RA
Ledvina
J
J
Lewis
J W
JW
McCreedy
R L
RL
Smith
T P
TP
Tuhovak
D R
DR
Weston
A F
AF
D002617:Chemical Industry; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D012016:Reference Values; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D014481:United States; D014752:Vinyl Chloride; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
D004147:Dioxins; D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides; D005663:Furans; C024565:ethylene dichloride; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D014752:Vinyl Chloride