Orthophenylphenol and phenylhydroquinone residues in citrus fruit and processed citrus products after postharvest fungicidal treatments with sodium orthophenylphenate in California and Florida.
Sodium orthophenylphenate (SOPP) has been used extensively for >40 years to control postharvest diseases of citrus fruits. Studies of the metabolism of [(14)C]SOPP have identified orthophenylphenol (OPP) as the major metabolite with phenylhydroquinone (PHQ) as a minor metabolite. The whole-fruit tolerance in the United States for OPP is 10 ppm. This study was conducted to quantify terminal OPP and PHQ residues in whole Navel oranges, grapefruit, and lemons following SOPP applications at maximum application rates and following commercial application and fruit storage practices. OPP and PHQ residues also were determined in products processed from treated Navel oranges. OPP residues in lemons, Navel oranges, and grapefruit treated with SOPP using foamer wash and shipping wax applications remained below the 10 ppm tolerance, and PHQ residues were all < or =0.439 ppm. PHQ residues in whole fruit increased with time in commercial storage. OPP residues in all Navel orange matrices except oil remained relatively stable with time in commercial storage; residues in oil declined substantially while in storage.
Johnson
G D
GD
Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001, USA. gjohnson@west-inc.com
Harsy
S G
SG
Geronimo
J
J
Wise
J M
JM
D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006873:Hydroquinones; D010573:Pesticide Residues; C004369:2-phenylphenol; C066330:phenylhydroquinone