title: A randomised phase II study on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for 'high-risk' adult soft-tissue sarcoma.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the strategy, feasibility and outcome of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, with doxorubicin and ifosfamide, in adult patients with 'high-risk' soft-tissue sarcomas. Patients with 'high-risk' soft-tissue sarcomas, defined as tumours > or =8 cm of any grade, or grade II/III tumours <8 cm, or grade II/III locally recurrent tumours, or grade II/III tumours with inadequate surgery performed in the previous 6 weeks and therefore requiring further surgery, were randomised between either surgery alone or three cycles of 3-weekly doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2) intravenous (i.v.) bolus and ifosfamide 5 g/m(2) (24 h infusion) before surgery. The type of surgery had to be planned at randomisation. Tumours were to be amenable to surgery by amputation, compartmental resection, wide or marginal excision. If chemotherapy was given, surgery had to be performed within 21 days after the last chemotherapy. Patients received postoperative radiotherapy in cases of marginal surgery, microscopically incomplete resection and no further possibility for surgery, and in cases of surgery because of local recurrence. 150 patients were entered into the study and 134 were eligible, 67 in each arm. The most frequent side-effects of chemotherapy were alopecia, nausea and vomiting (95%), and leucocytopenia (32%). One patient died of neutropenic fever after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy did not interfere with planned surgery and did not affect postoperative wound healing. Limb-salvage was achieved in 88%, amputation was necessary in 12% (all according to the plan at randomisation). The trial was closed after completion of phase II, since accrual was too slow to justify expanding the study into the scheduled phase III study. At a median follow-up of 7.3 years, the 5 year disease-free survival is estimated at 52% for the no chemotherapy and 56% for the chemotherapy arm (standard error: 7%) (P=0.3548). The 5 year overall survival for both arms is 64 and 65%, respectively (standard error 7%) (P=0.2204). Neo-adjuvant-chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide at these doses and with this schedule was feasible and did not compromise subsequent treatment, surgery with or without radiotherapy. Although not powered to draw definitive conclusions on benefit, but with an at least 7 year median follow-up, the results render it less likely that major survival benefits will be achieved with this type of chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoekhuis, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gortzak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzarelli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buesa
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Bramwell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Coevorden
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: van Geel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ezzat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Oosterhuis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Glabbeke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; D007069:Ifosfamide