title: Aldose reductase inhibition ameliorates pupillary light reflex and F-wave latency in patients with mild diabetic neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor, epalrestat, on autonomic and somatic neuropathy at an early stage in type 2 diabetic patients by assessing the pupillary light reflex and minimum latency of the F-wave.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 diabetic patients with subclinical or mild diabetic neuropathy were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 15) and epalrestat (150 mg/day) group (n = 15). After 24 weeks, the pupillary light reflex test, cardiovascular autonomic function tests, and nerve conduction study were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The beneficial effect of epalrestat on the pupillary light reflex was observed in the minimum diameter after light stimuli (P = 0.044), constriction ratio (P = 0.014), and maximum velocity of constriction (P = 0.008). Among cardiovascular autonomic nerve functions, the ratio of the longest expiratory R-R interval to the shortest inspiratory R-R interval during deep breathing was significantly improved by epalrestat (P = 0.037). Minimum latencies of F-wave of median and tibial motor nerves were significantly shortened by epalrestat (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively); however, no significant effects were observed in motor or sensory nerve conduction velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that epalrestat may have therapeutic value at the early stage of diabetic neuropathy and that the pupillary light reflex and minimum latency of F-wave may be useful indicators of diabetic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurama-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mizubayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012236:Rhodanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053778:Thiazolidines; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D053778:Thiazolidines; C038131:epalrestat; D012236:Rhodanine; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase