title: Investigation of the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli (Shrank 1788) as a potential vector for Salmonella enterica dissemination in poultry.
abstract: During recent years, the level of organically farmed poultry in Denmark has increased. Subsequent investigations have demonstrated an incidence of 64% of Ascaridia galli infections in layers established in organic farming systems. Studies to determine the interaction of Salmonella enterica with the parasitic nematode A. galli associated with poultry were undertaken to establish the significance of A. galli in the dissemination of S. enterica. A. galli was isolated from 40-week-old Lohmann Brown Salmonella-free layers. Worms were subsequently maintained in vitro and exposed to S. e. serovar Typhimurium at concentrations of 10(5)-10(6) colony forming units/ml for varying times (24-144 h). Eggs were harvested aseptically from the worms and the associations of S. e. Typhimurium in relation both to the eggs and to structures on the surface of the worm were studied, using immunofluorescence, viable counts and in situ hybridisation. Results show attachment of S. e. Typhimurium to the outer coating of the eggs and possible internalisation. Evidence of association of the bacteria with the nematode eggs was further substantiated by establishing Salmonella infection in day-old chicks after dosing them with eggs harvested from parasitic worms infected in vitro with Salmonella.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. mc@kvl.dk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chadfield
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Permin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nansen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisgaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001197:Ascaridia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D001198:Ascaridiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002645:Chickens; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010063:Ovum / Q000382:microbiology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*