title: Additional organizational features of the murine gamma-glutamyl hydrolase gene. Two remotely situated exons within the complement C3 gene locus encode an alternate 5' end and proximal ORF under the control of a bidirectional promoter.
abstract: Analysis of independently isolated clones from a mouse liver cDNA library identified a splice variant of gamma-GH mRNA with novel nucleotide sequence at the 5' end. Genomic sequencing now shows that this variant (variant II) incorporates two new alternates (exons Bla and Blb) of exon 1 in the murine gamma-GH gene remotely situated with respect to the rest of the gene. Further analysis of this variant also showed that it incorporates a small segment at the 3' end of exon A1, revealing that the previously described exon 1 consists of two individual exons (Ala and Alb) joined at a cryptic splice site. The 5' UTR and a segment of the ORF of variant II results from splicing of exon Bla to exon Blb which in turn is spliced to exon Alb and through this splicing to the rest of the exons within this gene. Remarkably, this splicing occurs even though exons Bla and Blb are located >45 Kb upstream of exons Ala and Alb. Our results also show that transcription starting at exons Bla and Blb is under the control of a separate and bidirectional promoter (promoter B). Exons Bla and Blb are located on the sense DNA strand within the complement C3 gene locus which is encoded on the antisense strand. This promoter is less efficient than the downstream promoter (promoter A) in regulating transcription at least in the context of reporter gene and primer extension assays. However, in these same contexts, this region of DNA sequence in the reverse orientation is markedly more efficient in driving transcription of an unidentified gene. Deletion of specific regions of sequence within this promoter have different effects depending upon the orientation (forward or reverse) within the reporter gene construct.
authors.affiliation: Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, 10021, New York, NY, USA
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esaki
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sirotnak
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D023061:Gene Order; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000201:enzymology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D011623:gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3; D011623:gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase