Neutrophils are primary source of O2 radicals during reperfusion after prolonged myocardial ischemia.
Although many studies document oxygen radical formation during ischemia-reperfusion, few address the sources of radicals in vivo or examine radical generation in the context of prolonged ischemia. In particular, the contribution of activated neutrophils remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we developed a methodology to detect radicals without interfering with blood-borne mechanisms of radical generation. Dogs underwent aorta and coronary sinus catheterization. No chemicals were infused; instead, blood was drawn into syringes prefilled with a spin trap and analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. After 90 min of coronary artery occlusion, transcardiac concentration of oxygen radicals rose severalfold 10 min after reflow and remained significantly elevated for at least 1 h. Radicals were mostly derived from neutrophils, as shown by marked reduction after the administration of 1) neutrophil NADPH oxidase inhibitors and 2) a monoclonal antibody (R15.7) against neutrophil CD18 adhesion molecule. Reduction of radical generation by R15.7 was also associated with a significantly smaller infarct size and no-reflow areas. Thus our data demonstrate that neutrophils are a major source of oxidants in hearts reperfused in vivo after prolonged ischemia and that antineutrophil interventions can effectively prevent the increase in oxygen radical concentration during reperfusion.
Duilio
C
C
Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Ambrosio
G
G
Kuppusamy
P
P
DiPaula
A
A
Becker
L C
LC
Zweier
J L
JL
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases