title: A tissue-specific enhancer of the prostate-specific membrane antigen gene, FOLH1.
abstract: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an integral membrane protein that is highly expressed on the surface of prostate epithelial cells. It is also expressed on the vascular endothelium of a number of tumor types. We have used an enhancer trap approach with randomly cleaved overlapping DNA fragments from an approximately 55-kb P1 cosmid insert encompassing the 5' half and upstream sequences of the PSMA gene (FOLH1) to isolate an enhancer that strongly activates the FOLH1 core promoter region. The enhancer (PSME) is located in the third intron about 12 kb downstream from the start site of transcription and is characterized by a 72-bp direct repeat within a 331-bp core region. The PSME activates transcription from its own and heterologous promoters in prostate cell lines; enhancement is greatest in the PSMA-expressing cell line LNCaP (>250-fold). The PSME shows essentially no activity in five nonprostate cell lines. PSME-enhanced expression is repressed in the presence of androgen, mimicking the repression of the endogenous FOLH1 gene. The data demonstrate that both cell-type specificity and androgen regulation are intrinsic properties of the enhancer. These properties make the PSME an excellent candidate for regulation of gene expression in gene therapy approaches to prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Molecular Science, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heston
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Molloy
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001483:Base Sequence; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II