title: Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in the synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint with respect to cartilage destruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The distribution and biological roles of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the synovial fluid of patients with non-inflammatory chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders were evaluated in relation to pain upon joint movements and X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  TMJ aspirates were obtained from 48 patients (48 joints) with chronic TMJ disorders and from 18 controls (18 joints). The IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels in the aspirates were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the TIMP-1 level was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Following examinations for pain upon joint movements and X-ray and MRI observations, the IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TIMP-1 levels and frequencies of their detection were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-1 beta level and frequency of detection showed no correlation with pain upon joint movements or with the X-ray and MRI findings. In the frequency of detection of IL-6, there were significant differences between control (no detection) and all chronic TMJ disorder groups that were classified by imaging diagnosis (P < 0.001). A correlation was also noted between the presence of IL-6 and pain upon joint movements. The IL-6 level was correlated with the TIMP-1 level and with pain upon joint movements. TIMP-1 level was correlated with pain upon joint movements. The TIMP-1 was present in higher level from patients with chronic TMJ disorders who exhibited osseous changes on the X-ray images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that the IL-6 and TIMP-1 levels in the TMJ aspirates of patients with chronic TMJ disorders have been raised. The former was not detected in the TMJ aspirates of the control. These findings suggest that IL-6 and TIMP-1 might play a role in the etiology of chronic TMJ disorders, but further studies are needed to validate this.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical School, Morohongo 38, Moroyama Irumagun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takaku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis*; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1