title: A light curing method for improving marginal sealing and cavity wall adaptation of resin composite restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the method of light curing could influence: (a) marginal sealing and resin composite adaptation to the cavity wall; (b) polymerization contraction rate; and (c) the hardness at the top and bottom surfaces of a body of resin composite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard cylindrical cavities, 1mm deep and 3mm in diameter were prepared on flat superficial dentin surfaces in bovine teeth. The teeth were bonded with one of two adhesive systems (Clearfil Photo Bond, and Super-Bond D Liner) and filled with a hybrid resin composite. The resins were cured using three light intensities of 600, 270 and 20mW/cm(2), and various curing times. After thermal cycling, the specimens were subjected to a dye penetration test to evaluate marginal sealing and adaptation of the resin composite to the cavity walls. In addition, using the same curing conditions, the rate of polymerization contraction was measured. The difference of hardness over time of composite specimens was measured using Knoop hardness measurements taken at the top and bottom surfaces of resin specimens made in a Teflon mold the same dimensions as the cavity prepared in dentin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the composite was light cured with an initial light intensity of 270mW/cm(2) for 10s, a 5s interval then a light intensity of 600mW/cm(2) for 50s, the best marginal sealing and cavity wall adaptation was observed compared with the other curing modes. Earlier hardening occurred at the resin composite base compared with the top surface of the composite, and most of the polymerization contraction was completed during the initial flowable stage of the resin composite. All other methods demonstrated results with some degree of marginal opening and cavity wall gap formation, the worst being 600mW/s for 60s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a low initial light intensity (270mW/cm(2)) for 10s followed by high intensity light (600mW/cm(2)) for 50s provides the best adaptation of resin composite to cavity walls and possibly the least polymerization contraction stress.
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. yoshikawa.ope@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Burrow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D008027:Light; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D019279:Resin Cements; C084543:Super Bond D-Liner; C074669:Clearfil Photo Bond