title: Acetylcholine receptors and neuronal nitric oxide synthase distribution at the neuromuscular junction of regenerated muscle fibers.
abstract: We investigated whether the changes in acetylcholine receptor (AChR) distribution and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression reported for the skeletal muscle of mdx mice were a consequence of muscle fiber regeneration rather than of the absence of dystrophin. Degenerative-regenerative changes in muscle fibers of the sternomastoid muscle of normal mice were induced by injecting lidocaine hydrochloride. Twenty-one days later, AChRs were labeled with alpha-bungarotoxin and nNOS with anti-nNOS antibody, and observed under a confocal microscope. AChRs were distributed in continuous branches in normal fibers. Regenerated fibers showed disruption of AChRs distribution similar to that seen in muscle of mdx mice. This suggests that changes in AChRs distribution seen in mdx mice were probably a consequence of muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration, rather than a symptom of dystrophin deficiency. Conversely, there were no changes in nNOS distribution and expression in normal regenerated fibers, suggesting that the decrease in nNOS expression reported for mdx mice might be attributed to the absence of dystrophin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minatel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Santo Neto
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000818:Animals; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000032:analysis*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D016189:Dystrophin; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D008012:Lidocaine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse