Hypertension, cardiac state, and the role of volume overload during peritoneal dialysis.
The cardiac state and the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) were analyzed in 21 pediatric patients (mean age 5.3 +/- 5.3 years) on chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD), the aim being to specify the impact of hypervolemia in the etiology of hypertension. C- and N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP-C, ANP-N) were measured as possible additional markers of hypervolemia. Baseline investigations were carried out 0.2 years after initiation of PD, and repeated after 0.9 +/- 0.2 years. Fifty-two percent of the patients had high BP, and in 40% the nocturnal BP decline was decreased. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 45%, but the systolic and diastolic functions of the heart were not impaired. Left ventricular mass correlated significantly with the severity of hypertension and with ANP-N (r = 0.79, P < 0.01 and r = 0.66, P < 0.01, Spearman rank correlation). Significant correlations were also found between the severity of hypertension and ANP-N and ANP-C (r = 0.82, P < 0.01 and r = 0.66, P < 0.01, Spearman rank correlation). High BP and cardiac impairment were more frequent in the younger and nephrectomized patients in whom volume overload seemed to be the most-important etiological factor. Our results suggest further that an ANP-N over 3.0 nmol/l combined with hypertension is strongly indicative of volume overload in patients on PD.
Hölttä
T
T
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Stenbäckinkatu 11, PO Box 281, 00290 Helsinki, Finland. Tuula.Holtta@hus.fi
Happonen
J M
JM
Rönnholm
K
K
Fyhrquist
F
F
Holmberg
C
C
D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000150:complications*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D015995:Prevalence
D015415:Biomarkers; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor