title: Interventional endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding--when, how, and how often.
abstract: Acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is still associated with high mortality. Reducing the rebleeding rate is the major challenge in therapeutic endoscopy. The following article describes the indications, techniques and limitations of endoscopic treatment of upper GI bleeding. Endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic sclerotherapy (EIS), endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), cyanoacrylate obliteration, argon plasma coagulation (APC), and the application of hemoclip are described and compared concerning their efficacy. The pros and cons of "second-look" endoscopy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seewald
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thonke
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.forename: X K
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soehendra
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents