title: Open cardiotomy for removal of migrating transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent combined with liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transjugular intrahepatic shunts are widely used for the management of variceal bleeding. Complications such as stent misplacement or migration may occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the management of a transjugular intrahepatic shunts stent that migrated across the tricuspid valve in a patient with Child-Pugh category C cirrhosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An attempt at percutaneous retrieval of the stent was unsuccessful. Due to the unacceptably high risk for mortality from open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in the setting of cirrhosis, stent removal was deferred until the time of orthotopic liver transplantation. The procedures were performed successfully, and the patient made a good recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical stent extraction and valve repair can be performed safely along with orthotopic liver transplantation in carefully selected patients with end-stage liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Te
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jeevanandam
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Millis
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D015607:Stents