title: Phytotoxicity of chlorinated aliphatics to hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides x nigra DN34).
abstract: Effects of a series of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes on hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides x nigra DN34) were assessed in laboratory experiments. Poplar cuttings were grown in sealed reactors with hydroponic solutions and were exposed to a chlorinated solvent for a period of two weeks. Exposure concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.4 mM for perchloroethylene to 0 to 8.4 mM for 1,1-dichloroethane. Effects were assessed by gravimetrically monitoring transpiration and measuring change in cutting mass. The zero-growth concentrations of the chemicals tested were 0.3 mM perchloroethylene, 0.9 mM trichloroethylene, 0.9 mM 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 2.0 mM 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2.3 mM 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 4.8 mM trans-dichloroethylene, 5.6 mM 1,1-dichloroethylene, 6.0 mM cis-dichloroethylene, and 10.7 mM 1,1-dichloroethane. Adverse effects were found to increase with increasing number of chlorine atoms within a homologous series of ethenes or ethanes. Ethenes were more toxic than similarly chlorinated ethanes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schnoor
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000633:toxicity*; D014197:Trees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated