title: Involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation: inhibitory effects of lymphoproliferation by salicylates acting as NF-kappaB inhibitors.
abstract: The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is involved in the production of inflammatory cytokines and in the control of the inflammatory response. Some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or salicylate are known to exert some of their anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. For ASA and salicylate, an NF-kappaB inhibitory effect at mM concentrations (pharmacological plasma concentrations reached in vivo) has been shown. We studied the action of ASA, salicylate, and several NF-kappaB inhibitors on the mitogen-induced activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and purified T cells. We showed that ASA and salicylate (1-3 mM) (but not indomethacin, a specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor) as well as a group of chemically unrelated inhibitors of NF-kappaB (including the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide, Bay 11-7082, sulfasalazine, the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and the peptide SN-50, an inhibitor of the nuclear transfer of the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB), were potent inhibitors of phytohemoagglutinin-activated PBL and T cell proliferation. At the same concentrations, they inhibited NF-kappaB binding to DNA in nuclear extracts. The inhibition of proliferation was not relieved by exogenous interleukin (IL)-2. We concluded that NF-kappaB activation has a fundamental role in T cell proliferation independently of IL-2 production. Some pharmacological actions of ASA may be ascribed to the inhibition of immune cell proliferation via the inhibition of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, C.N.R. Centro di Studio delle Biomembrane, University of Padua, Via G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padua, Italy. cavallin@civ.bio.unipd.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Francesconi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zoccarato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexandre
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012459:Salicylates; D007213:Indomethacin