title: Major histocompatibility complex class I-recognizing receptors are disease risk genes in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous syndrome of which a subset of patients develops vascular inflammation. The genetic determinants that confer risk for rheumatoid vasculitis are not known, but patients with vascular complications are known to have an expansion of CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells, a cell population potentially involved in endothelial damage. CD4(+)CD28(null) T cell clones isolated from RA patients with vasculitis were found to express killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with the stimulatory KIR2DS2 often present in the absence of opposing inhibitory receptors with related specificities. To test the hypothesis that the KIR2DS2 gene is involved in the development of vasculitis, association studies were performed. The KIR2DS2 gene was significantly enriched among patients with rheumatoid vasculitis compared with normal individuals (odds ratio 5.56, P = 0.001) and patients with RA but no vasculitis (odds ratio 7.96, P = 0.001). Also, the distribution of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C, the putative ligand for KIRs, was significantly different in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis in comparison with the control populations. These data suggest that HLA class I-recognizing receptors and HLA class I genes are genetic risk determinants that modulate the pattern of RA expression. Specifically, KIR2DS2 in conjunction with the appropriate HLA-C ligand may have a role in vascular damage by regulating CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and the Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaid
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weyand
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goronzy
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D012307:Risk Factors; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015236:HLA-C Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell