title: A comparison of left ventricular abnormalities associated with glucose intolerance in African Caribbeans and Europeans in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether abnormalities of the left ventricle differ by glucose tolerance status, to explore reasons for differences, and to assess ethnic differences in these relations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based prevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  London, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  1152 African Caribbeans and Europeans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiograms, blood pressure, obesity, fasting and two hour blood glucose, insulin and lipids, and urinary albumin excretion rate were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventricular mass index, wall thickness, and early (E) to atrial (A) wave ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular mass index was greater in diabetic Europeans than in normoglycaemic Europeans (mean (SE), 95.6 (5.0) v 79.7 (0.8) g/m(2), p = 0.001) and in diabetic African Caribbeans than in normoglycaemic African Caribbeans (88.6 (2.5) v 82.4 (0.9) g/m(2), p = 0.02). Similar, but weaker associations were observed for the E:A ratio. beta Coefficients between left ventricular mass index and fasting glucose in the normoglycaemic range, adjusted for age and sex, were 2.43 in Europeans (p = 0.05) and 3.74 in African Caribbeans (p = 0.02). These were attenuated to 1.19 (p = 0.4) and 3.03 (p = 0.08) in Europeans and African Caribbeans, respectively, when adjusted further for blood pressure and obesity. Adjustments for other risk factors made little difference to the coefficients. There were no ethnic differences in risk factor relations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities of the left ventricle occur in response to glucose intolerance and are observable into the normoglycaemic range. These disturbances are largely accounted for by associated obesity and hypertension. African Caribbeans have a greater degree of left ventricular structural impairment, emphasising the importance of tight blood pressure control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-9 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK. n.chaturvedi@.ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McKeigue
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marmot
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nihoyannopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom