title: The virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis: a matter of control.
abstract: Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a contagious childhood respiratory disease. Increasing public concern over the safety of whole-cell vaccines led to decreased immunisation rates and a subsequent increase in the incidence of the disease. Research into the development of safer, more efficacious, less reactogenic vaccine preparations was concentrated on the production and purification of detoxified B. pertussis virulence factors. These virulence factors include adhesins such as filamentous haemagglutinin, fimbriae and pertactin, which allow B. pertussis to bind to ciliated epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract. Once attachment is initiated, toxins produced by the bacterium enable colonisation to proceed by interfering with host clearance mechanisms. B. pertussis co-ordinately regulates the expression of virulence factors via the Bordetella virulence gene (bvg) locus, which encodes a response regulator responsible for signal-mediated activation and repression. This strict regulation mechanism allows the bacterium to express different gene subsets in different environmental niches within the host, according to the stage of disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong. N.S.W. 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine