title: The additive in vitro anti-HIV-1 effect of chloroquine, when combined with zidovudine and hydroxyurea.
abstract: The 4-aminoquinoline chloroquine and its analogue hydroxychloroquine are endowed with anti-HIV-1 activity both in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported that the addition of CQ (chloroquine) to the combination of HU (hydroxyurea) and ddI (didanosine) provides additive anti-HIV-1 activity. We here extended this in vitro investigation by studying whether the addition of CQ also resulted in additive anti-HIV-1 activity when combined with HU plus AZT (zidovudine). The same effect was found, whether CQ was added to HU plus AZT or to HU plus ddI, in recently infected H-9 and U-937 cells or primary T cells and monocytes, as well as in immunologically or oxidatively stimulated ACH-2 and U-1 cells. At concentrations where CQ exerts its anti-HIV-1 effect in combination with the other drugs, CQ addition does not result in either cell toxicity or apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Renal and Infectious Diseases, Algemeen Ziekenhuis St-Jan, Ruddershovelaan 10, 8000 Brugge, Belgium. J.R.Boelaert.Brugge@uniucall.be
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boelaert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sperber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piette
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D002738:Chloroquine; D006918:Hydroxyurea