title: Diminished cardioprotective response to inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor in B(2) kinin receptor gene knockout mice.
abstract: Using B(2) kinin receptor gene knockout mice (B(2)(-/-)), we tested the hypothesis that (l) lack of B(2) receptors may affect blood pressure and cardiac function and aggravate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), and (2) kinins partially mediate the cardiac beneficial effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (AT(1)-ant), whereas lack of B(2) receptors may diminish this cardioprotective effect. Chronic heart failure (HF) was induced by MI, which was caused by coronary artery ligation in both B(2)(-/-) and 129/SvEvTac mice (wild-type control, B(2)(+/+)). An ACEi (ramipril, 2.5 mg/kg/d) or AT(1)-ant (L-158809, 3 mg/kg/d) was given 1 week after MI and was continued for 12 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, cardiac output (CO), diastolic LV dimension (LVDd), and LV mass were evaluated by echocardiography. Myocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial collagen fraction were studied histopathologically. We found that basal blood pressure and cardiac function were similar in B(2)(+/+) and B(2)(-/-) mice. After MI, development of HF and remodeling were also similar between the 2 strains. The ACEi improved cardiac function and remodeling in both strains; however, its effects were attenuated in B(2)(-/-) mice (respective values for B(2)(+/+) versus B(2)(-/-) mice: overall increase in ejection fraction, 64+/-10% versus 21+/-5% [P<0.01]; increase in CO, 69+/-17% versus 23+/-9% [P<0.01]; overall decrease in LVDd, -24+/-3% versus -7+/-4% [P<0.01]; and decrease in LV mass, -38+/-3% versus -6+/-6% [P<0.01]). AT(1)-ant had a beneficial cardiac effect similar to that produced by ACEi, and this effect was also diminished in B(2)(-/-) mice (respective values for B(2)(+/+) versus B(2)(-/-) mice: overall increase in ejection fraction, 46+/-10% versus 25+/-9% [P<0.01]; increase in CO, 44+/-14% versus 15+/-5% [P<0.01]; overall decrease in LVDd, -14+/-4% versus -6+/-3% [P<0.01]; and decrease in LV mass, -33+/-4 versus -16+/-7% [P<0.01]). The effect of ACEi or AT(1)-ant on myocyte cross-sectional area was similar between strains; however, their effect on the interstitial collagen fraction was diminished in B(2)(-/-) mice. We concluded that (1) lack of B(2) kinin receptors does not affect cardiac phenotype or function, either under normal physiological conditions or during the development of HF; and (2) kinins acting via the B(2) receptor play an important role in the cardioprotective effect of ACEi and AT(1)-ant.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. xpyang1@hfhs.org
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cavasin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shesely
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Carretero
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017257:Ramipril / Q000494:pharmacology; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; D013777:Tetrazoles; C070967:L 158809; D003094:Collagen; D017257:Ramipril