Environmental illness: evaluation of salivary flow, symptoms, diseases, medications, and psychological factors.
Patients with symptoms allegedly caused by abnormal sensitivity to dental fillings and/or to electromagnetic fields and other environmental factors frequently report oral complaints. Forty-four consecutive patients with these symptoms were studied. The aim was to investigate whether unstimulated salivary flow rate was associated with Candida, symptoms, disease, medication, age, sex, anxiety, depression, and stress. Furthermore, the aim was to compare the level of anxiety, depression, and stress in these patients with an age- and sex-matched control group. Fifty percent had no or low flow rate from the minor salivary glands. Candida pseudohyphae were found in 50% of the patients. Hypothyroidism and/or intake of thyroid hormones, headache, fatigue, and age were negatively associated with unstimulated salivary flow rate, and dizziness was positively associated. Unstimulated salivary flow rate was positively associated with stimulated salivary flow rate and flow rate from the minor salivary glands. Burning mouth and subjective oral dryness were reported by 48%, and 46%, respectively. The patients were more anxious, stressed, and especially more depressed than the control group. Unstimulated salivary flow rate was negatively associated with state anxiety. Measurement of salivary flow rate is important in patients with environmental illness and can be used in combination with other measurements as a diagnostic tool.
Bergdahl
J
J
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden.
Bergdahl
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D018876:Environmental Illness / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012636:Secretory Rate; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000503:physiopathology