title: Formation of dioxins during the combustion of newspapers in the presence of sodium chloride and poly(vinyl chloride).
abstract: Exhaust gases from the combustion of newspaper alone, from branches of London plane tree alone, and from newspapers mixed with sodium chloride (NaCl), polyethylene, or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were collected. The samples were analyzed for dioxins by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Total amounts of dioxins found in the samples were 0.186 ng/g from newspapers alone, 1.42 ng/g from the branches of London plane, 102 ng/g from newspapers impregnated with sodium chloride (CI wt % = 3.1), 101 ng/g from newspapers impregnated with sodium chloride mixed with PVC (Cl wt % = 2.6), and 146 ng/g from newspapers mixed with PVC (Cl wt % = 5.1). Samples with a higher chloride content produced more dioxins, and there is a clear correlation between dioxin formation and chloride content. The amount of dioxins formed in the samples according to the number of chlorides was Cl5 > Cl4 > Cl6 > Cl7 > Cl8 in PCDD isomers and Cl4 > Cl5 > Cl6 > Cl7 > Cl8 in PCDF isomers, except in the case of newspapers alone. Benzofurans composed 78-92% of the total dioxins formed in the exhaust gases. The higher the number of the chlorides, the lower the production of benzofuran observed. NaCl vaporized at the temperature of the flame used for combustion of the samples (760-1080 degrees C). The results indicate that NaCl and PVC contribute significantly to dioxin formation from waste materials combusted in incinerators.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D017745:Incineration; D009524:Newspapers as Topic; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004147:Dioxins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride