title: Combined bladder neck reconstruction and epispadias repair for exstrophy-epispadias complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The achievement of satisfactory continence in the management of classic bladder exstrophy remains a surgical challenge. During the last 20 years a staged approach to the management of the exstrophy-epispadias complex has been used at many exstrophy centers to attain this goal. In select cases repairs can be combined to reduce the number of mandatory operations to achieve continence. We retrospectively review our experience with, and long-term results and complications of combined bladder neck reconstruction and epispadias repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19 boys with classic bladder exstrophy (17) and complete male epispadias (2) underwent combined bladder neck reconstruction and epispadias repair between 1982 and 1999. Primary closure was performed elsewhere in 16 cases and osteotomy was performed at primary closure in 8 (42%). All patients have undergone modified Cantwell-Ransley epispadias repair except for 2 who underwent a Young procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of combined bladder neck and epispadias repair mean patient age was 5.2 years (range 2.5 to 10). Mean bladder capacity was 119 ml. (range 60 to 250). Of the 19 patients 13 (69%) are completely continent, and 2 (11%) are partially continent and 1 remained incontinent. Three patients did not gain satisfactory functional bladder capacity after combined repair, and underwent bladder augmentation and a continent diversion procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined bladder neck and epispadias repair is applicable in experienced hands but careful patient selection and long-term followup are the most important issues to develop criteria to select those best to undergo this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Surer
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Jeffs
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004842:Epispadias / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures