title: Postentry restriction to human immunodeficiency virus-based vector transduction in human monocytes.
abstract: Cells of the monocyte lineage can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) both during clinical infection and in vitro. The ability of HIV-1-based vectors to transduce human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) was therefore examined, in order to develop an efficient protocol for antigen gene delivery to human antigen-presenting cells. Freshly isolated monocytes were refractory to HIV-1-based vector transduction but became transducible after in vitro differentiation to mature macrophages. This maturation-dependent transduction was independent of the HIV-1 accessory proteins Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef in the packaging cells and of the central polypurine tract in the vector, and it was also observed with a vesicular stomatitis virus-pseudotyped HIV-1 provirus, defective only in envelope and Nef. The level and extent of reverse transcription of the HIV-1-based vector was similar after infection of immature monocytes and of mature macrophages. However, 2LTR vector circles could not be detected in monocytes, suggesting a block to vector nuclear entry in these cells. Transduction of freshly isolated monocytes exposed to HIV-1-based vector could be rescued by subsequent differentiation into DCs. This rescue was induced by fetal calf serum in the DC culture medium, which promoted vector nuclear entry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014161:Transduction, Genetic