title: Measures to prevent emissions of PCDDS/DFs and co-planar PCBs from crematories in Japan.
abstract: In this study, PCDDs/DFs and co-planar PCBs concentrations in flue gases from 17 crematories and in fly ashes and bottom ashes (mainly bone) from several crematories were measured to grasp the present state of PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. The effects of several factors were discussed to prevent PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. Total concentration (normalized by 12% O2) of PCDDs/DFs was ranged from 4.9 to 1200 ng/m3 N, and toxic equivalent concentration was ranged from 0.064 to 24 ng TEQ/m3 N. As the results obtained in this research, the following measures to reduce PCDDs/DFs emission are recommended for existing crematories: (1) keeping the temperature at 800 degrees C in main/secondary chambers during a whole cremation, and (2) lowering the temperature in the dust collector. For newly installed crematories, following measures to prevent PCDDs/DFs emission including the measures for existing ones are recommended: (1) connecting one secondary chamber to one main chamber, (2) installing the high efficiency dust collector and reducing dust concentration to less than 0.01 g/m3 N, and (3) installing the sampling point for monitoring of PCDDs/DFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan. takaoka@epsehost.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D001842:Bone and Bones; D002102:Cadaver; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009027:Mortuary Practice; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls