title: Mitochondria recycle Ca(2+) to the endoplasmic reticulum and prevent the depletion of neighboring endoplasmic reticulum regions.
abstract: To study Ca(2+) fluxes between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we used "cameleon" indicators targeted to the cytosol, the ER lumen, and the mitochondrial matrix. High affinity mitochondrial probes saturated in approximately 20% of mitochondria during histamine stimulation of HeLa cells, whereas a low affinity probe reported averaged peak values of 106 +/- 5 microm, indicating that Ca(2+) transients reach high levels in a fraction of mitochondria. In concurrent ER measurements, [Ca(2+)](ER) averaged 371 +/- 21 microm at rest and decreased to 133 +/- 14 microm and 59 +/- 5 microm upon stimulation with histamine and thapsigargin, respectively, indicating that substantial ER refilling occur during agonist stimulation. A larger ER depletion was observed when mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake was prevented by oligomycin and rotenone or when Ca(2+) efflux from mitochondria was blocked by CGP 37157, indicating that some of the Ca(2+) taken up by mitochondria is re-used for ER refilling. Accordingly, ER regions close to mitochondria released less Ca(2+) than ER regions lacking mitochondria. The ER heterogeneity was abolished by thapsigargin, oligomycin/rotenone, or CGP 37157, indicating that mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake locally modulate ER refilling. These observations indicate that some mitochondria are very close to the sites of Ca(2+) release and recycle a substantial portion of the captured Ca(2+) back to vicinal ER domains. The distance between the two organelles thus determines both the amplitude of mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals and the filling state of neighboring ER regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnaudeau
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demaurex
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013841:Thiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009840:Oligomycins; D013841:Thiazepines; D012402:Rotenone; D002998:Clonazepam; D019284:Thapsigargin; C079032:CGP 37157; D006632:Histamine; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium