title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor suppresses glomerular transforming growth factor beta receptor expression in experimental diabetes in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of the renal transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) axis has been suggested to play a part in the development of diabetic nephropathy by a direct stimulatory effect of hyperglycaemia or through the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Our aim was to evaluate the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system by examining the effects of ACE-inhibition on intrarenal changes in all three TGF-beta isoforms and receptors in experimental diabetes in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunocytochemistry, western blotting and ribonuclease protection assays were carried out for each TGF-beta isoform and receptor on kidney from non-diabetic and streptozotocin-diabetic rats after treatment with the ACE inhibitor, enalapril, for 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enalapril partially prevented the renal hypertrophy and fully prevented the increase in urinary albumin excretion rate in diabetic animals. The glomerular TGF-beta Type II Receptor mRNA and protein concentrations increased over 30 days in untreated diabetic animals compared with non-diabetic controls, while enalapril-treated diabetic animals showed a normalisation of TGF-beta Type II Receptor mRNA and protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE-inhibition had pronounced inhibitory effects on the increased expression of the glomerular TGF-beta Type II Receptor in the diabetic kidney required for intracellular signalling through this growth factor axis. This suggests a new mechanism of action of the ACE-inhibition in regulating the development of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grønbaek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flyvbjerg
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000517:prevention & control; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009929:Organ Size; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D011347:Procollagen / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C042813:procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide; D004656:Enalapril