title: [Real-time compound imaging: improved visibility of puncture needles and localization wires as compared to single-line ultrasonography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the visibility of biopsy needles and localization wires using real-time compound imaging (SonoCT) and single-line ultrasound (SLU).
  
  
  METHODS
  14-18 G biopsy needles and 5 different localization wires with and without puncture needle were placed into cadaverous muscle in 4 different angulations (0, 12, 18 and 25 degrees). Sonography was performed with an ATL HDI 5000 sonography device with a 5-12 MHz linear array using single-line ultrasound and compound imaging with 3 and 9 frames (Comp3 and Comp9) from different viewing angles. Images of the needles were obtained in the longitudinal plane without changing depth, focus position, and gain settings between the measurements. The mean grey values of the needle (gv_n) and of the background (gv_b) were obtained from histograms. Contrast was calculated using the equation (gv_n-gv_b)/gv_b + gv_n). Mean contrast in single-line and compound images was compared for each angulation using a Student t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean contrast at 0 degree was 0.686 in single-line ultrasound. This was significantly higher than in Comp3 (0.62) and Comp9 (0.633) (p < 0.05) images. At 12 degrees no significant differences could be observed. At 18 degrees image contrast was significantly higher in compound images with 0.493 (Comp3) and 0.498 (Comp9), compared to SLU (0.433) (p < 0.05). At 25 degrees the difference between compound images (Comp3: 0.394; Comp9: 0.402) and SLU (0.306) was greatest (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 0 degree and 12 degrees visibility is very good for all tested materials. For steeper angulations contrast was partly critical in SLU and significantly enhanced with compound imaging. Thus, SonoCT may be useful to increase precision of ultrasound-guided percutaneous interventions.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. saleh@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grust
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fürst
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dall
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mödder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional