title: Structurally related nucleotides as selective agonists and antagonists at P2Y1 receptors.
abstract: The P2Y1 receptor responds to adenine nucleotides and is present in platelets, heart, smooth muscles prostate, ovary, and brain. A selective antagonist may be useful as an antithrombotic agent. We have analyzed the binding site of this G protein-coupled receptor using ligand design, site-directed mutagenesis, and homology modeling based on rhodopsin. We have designed and synthesized a series of deoxyadenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate derivatives that act as antagonists, or, in some cases with small structural changes, as agonists or partial agonists. The 2-position accommodates Cl or thioethers, whereas the N6-position is limited to Me or Et. 2'-Substitution with OH or OMe increases agonist efficacy over 2'-H. Using molecular modeling of the binding site, the oxygen atoms of the ribose moiety were predicted to be non-essential, i.e. no specific H-bonds with the receptor protein appear in the model. We have, therefore, substituted this moiety with carbocylics, smaller and larger rings, conformationally constrained rings, and acyclics, with retention of affinity for the receptor. With simplified pharmacophores we are exploring the steric and electronic requirements of the receptor binding site, and the structural basis of receptor activation.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Recognition Section, LBC, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA. kajacobs@helix.nih.gov
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boyer
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D006801:Humans; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; C546382:P2RY1 protein, human; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1