title: Hyperinsulinemia predicts fatal liver cancer but is inversely associated with fatal cancer at some other sites: the Paris Prospective Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether insulin is a risk factor for death by site-specific cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study of 6,237 nondiabetic French working men between ages 44 and 55 years at baseline from the Paris Prospective Study cohort. Death by site-specific cancers was investigated in relation to baseline insulin concentrations during fasting and 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the original 6,237 men in the cohort, 1.739 died over the 23.8 years of follow-up. 778 (45%) from cancer. Baseline hyperinsulinemia, both fasting and 2-h, was significantly associated with fatal liver cancer, with age-adjusted standardized hazards ratios of 2.72 (95% CI 1.87-3.94) and 3.41 (2.23-5.21). In contrast, fasting hyperinsulinemia was inversely associated with fatal lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancer and larynx cancer, with hazards ratios of 0.55 (0.41-0.75) and 0.63 (0.47-0.83), respectively; 2-h insulin concentrations were inversely associated with stomach and larynx cancers (hazards ratios 0.62 [0.43-0.90] and 0.66 [0.50-0.891, rcspectively). These relationships were stable after adjusting for other risk factors. Insulin concentrations remained negatively associated with deaths from these cancers in analyses restricted to men who smoked and in those who were not chronic alcohol consumers.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 258 and the Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. balkau@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balkau
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Courbon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eschwège
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducimetière
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D010297:Paris; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin