title: Infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: effect of infected bile and infected gallbladder wall.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of infected bile and gallbladder wall infection at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and find out if they influenced the rate of postoperative infective complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  District hospital, Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 279 patients who had their gallbladders removed laparoscopically for gallbladder disease between September 1995 and August 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of bile and gallbladder wall were taken from all patients and cultured separately for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Patients with complicated gallbladder disease (n = 80) were given preoperative therapeutic antibiotics for five days (cephalosporin plus metronidazole), and other high-risk patients (n = 138) were given prophylactic ceftriaxone either 1 g x 3 starting at induction of anaesthesia (n = 42), or a single dose at induction (n = 96).
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of infected cultures, and infective morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  26 specimens of bile (9%) and 56 specimens of gallbladder wall (20%) were infected. Two patients in whom neither specimen had shown any growth developed minor infections at the umbilical port. No patient in whom either specimen was infected developed an infective complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall rate of infective complications was negligible, and did not correlate with the presence of bacteria in the bile or gallbladder wall. This is probably a reflection of our aggressive antibiotic regimen in the management of high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Al-Adan Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Abassi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Farghaly
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Mobasher
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Manee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications*; D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000382:microbiology; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control