title: Infralimbic muscarinic M1 receptors modulate anxiety-like behaviour and spontaneous working memory in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous working memory and anxiety-like behaviour can be concurrently influenced following kappa 1 opioid agonist or antagonist infusions in the infralimbic (IL) area of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in CD-1 mice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study sought to evaluate whether acetylcholine (ACh) muscarinic (M) receptor drugs can similarly influence these cognitive-behavioural processes in the IL cortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anxiety was evaluated in the elevated plusmaze and spontaneous working memory was evaluated in the Y-maze following scopolamine, pirenzepine or McN-A-343 infusion in the IL cortex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In experiment 1, the non-specific muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine, was anxiogenic in trial 1 (5, 10 and 20 nmol), but did not influence behaviour in trial 2 (no-injection) in the elevated plus-maze 24 h later. In week 2, scopolamine disrupted spontaneous working memory in the Y-maze at the highest dose (20 nmol). In experiment 2, pretreatment with the M1 antagonist, pirenzepine, was anxiolytic in trial 1 (5 and 10 nmol), as well as in trial 2 (no-injection) in the elevated plus-maze 24 h later (0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 nmol). In week 2, pirenzepine disrupted spontaneous working memory in the Y-maze (2.5, 5 and 10 nmol). In experiment 3, pretreatment with the M1 agonist, McN-A-343, was anxiogenic in trial 1 (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 nmol), as well as in trial 2 (no-injection) in the elevated plus-maze 24 h later (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 nmol). In week 2, McN-A-343 enhanced spontaneous working memory in the Y-maze (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 nmol).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Enhanced ACh transmission in the vmPFC induces anxiety in challenging environments and enhances spontaneous working memory performance. (2) Blocking or activating postsynaptic M1 receptors in the vmPFC may truncate or exaggerate, respectively, afferent anxiety-relevant information. (3) IL pirenzepine and McN-A-343 exert long-term opposite effects on aversive learning during trial 1 in the elevated plus-maze.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5. pmwall@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flinn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Messier
mesh_terms: D008455:(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008032:Limbic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D010890:Pirenzepine; D008455:(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; D012601:Scopolamine; D000109:Acetylcholine