title: Population-based investigation of relative clearance of digoxin in Japanese neonates and infants by multiple-trough screen analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The steady-state concentrations of digoxin at trough levels were studied to establish the role of patient characteristics in estimating doses for digoxin using routine therapeutic drug monitoring data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data (n = 448) showing steady state after repetitive oral administration in 172 hospitalized neonates and infants were analyzed using Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model (NONMEM), a computer program designed to analyze pharmacokinetics in study populations by allowing pooling of data. Analysis of the pharmacokinetics of digoxin was accomplished using a simple steady-state pharmacokinetic model. The effects of a variety of developmental and demographic factors on the clearance of digoxin were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimates generated using NONMEM indicated that clearance of digoxin (l.h-1) was influenced by the demographic variables of age, total body weight, serum creatinine, the coadministration of spironolactone, and the presence or absence of congestive heart failure. The interindividual variability in digoxin clearance was modeled with proportional errors with an estimated coefficient of variation of 32.1%, and the residual variability was 28.9%. In the validation set of 66 patients, the performance (bias, precision) of the final population model was good (mean prediction error -0.04 ng.ml-1; mean absolute prediction error 0.20 ng.ml-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kyushu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, 2-1-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu 806-8501, Japan. suematsu@ca.mbn.or.jp
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minemoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohdo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004077:Digoxin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D013148:Spironolactone; D004077:Digoxin