title: Addition of test components during neurodynamic testing: effect on range of motion and sensory responses.
abstract: METHODS
  Single session, repeated-measures design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the impact of different components of the neural tissue provocation test for the median nerve (NTPT1) on the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow and wrist and the sensory responses elicited by the test.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The assessment of minor peripheral nerve injuries by neurodynamic tests is becoming more integrated in physical therapy practice. The influence of different test components on the nervous system has been analyzed in numerous in vitro studies, but in vivo studies are still lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five test variations were performed on 35 asymptomatic men (23.5 +/- 2.3 years). Elbow extension was performed (1) without additional components (NTPT1NEUTRAL), (2) with wrist extension (NTPT1WE), (3) with cervical contralateral lateral flexion (NTPT1CLLF), and (4) with both wrist extension and cervical contralateral lateral flexion (NTPT1WE+CLLF). In the fifth variant, the wrist was extended from a preloaded position (WENTPT1). The range of elbow and wrist extension when a submaximal discomfort was elicited was measured with 2 electrogoniometers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of each test component resulted in a significantly reduced ROM (NTPT1NEUTRAL: 179.5 +/- 8.8 degrees, NTPT1WE: 169.0 +/- 13.9 degrees, NTPT1CLLF: 154.7 +/- 13.2 degrees, NTPT1WE+CLLF: 143.9 +/- 16.1 degrees; WENTPT1: 67.1 +/- 11.0 degrees). Sensory responses were predominantly evoked at the region of the added component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different test components, whose mechanical influence on the nervous system has been demonstrated in anatomical studies, also have an effect on joint ROM and sensory responses during neurodynamic testing, when individually or simultaneously added. If the nerve bedding is elongated throughout its whole length, the available ROM is markedly reduced and sensory responses can be elicited throughout the entire arm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. michel.coppieters@flok.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Coppieters
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Stappaerts
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Everaert
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Staes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology