title: Expression of the developmental and oncogenic PAX2 gene in human prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145 and PC3, 27 primary prostate cancers, 10 benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens and 5 normal prostates we investigated the expression pattern of PAX2, a member of the PAX family of developmental control genes. PAX2 is expressed at high levels in developing undifferentiated cells of the urogenital system and is repressed upon terminal differentiation with no expression in normal adult cells. It is also been shown to be a proto-oncogene in mice and is expressed in human renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  PAX2 expression was assessed at the RNA level by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis using specific sets of nucleotides. The expression pattern of PAX2 was reconfirmed at the protein level by immunofluorescence in the cell lines, and by Western blot analysis in primary human prostate cancers and benign prostatic tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction combined with Southern hybridization PAX2 expression was detected in 52% of primary cancers and all 3 cell lines. PAX2 expression in these samples was confirmed at a protein level using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. PAX2 messenger RNA was not detected in any benign or normal prostatic samples. Immunoblotting of protein from benign prostatic hyperplasia samples confirmed the lack of expression of PAX2 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of PAX2 in prostate cancer compared to nonmalignant prostates is statistically significant (Fisher's exact test p = 0.0004). These results suggest a possible role for PAX2 in prostate cancer. Although previous studies have suggested a role for PAX2 for supporting proliferation in undifferentiated cells, no correlation of PAX2 expression with Gleason score was found in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Medical and Community Genetics, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khoubehi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kessling
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adshead
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ogden
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C497318:PAX2 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors