title: Variations in the emissions of volatile organic compounds from the toner for a specific photocopier.
abstract: A laboratory thermal desorption apparatus was used to measure emissions from a number of nominally identical photocopier toners--manufactured to meet the specifications of one specific model copier--when these toners were heated to fuser temperature (180-200 degrees C). The objective was to assess how potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the toner for a given copier can vary, depending upon the production run and the supplier. Tests were performed on a series of toner (and associated raw polymer feedstock) samples obtained directly from a toner manufacturer, representing two production runs using a nonvented extrusion process, and on toner cartridges purchased from two local retailers, representing three different production lots (histories unknown). The results showed that the retailer toners consistently had up to 350% higher emissions of some major compounds (expressed as microgram of compound emitted/g of toner), and up to 100% lower emissions of others, relative to the manufacturer toners (p < or = 0.01). The manufacturer toners from one production run had emissions of certain compounds, and of total VOCs, that were modestly higher (13-18%) than those from the other run (p < or = 0.01). The emission differences between the retailer and manufacturer toners are probably due to differences in the manufacturing processes and/or feedstocks used to produce the toners from these different sources.
authors.affiliation: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. henschel.bruce@epa.gov
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Henschel
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Fortmann
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Roache
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D003308:Copying Processes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D013696:Temperature; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals