title: Effect of primary treatment on survival in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a fatal disease despite combined treatment consisting of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. The optimal sequence of treatment modalities is not known. The purpose of our retrospective non-randomized study was to find out whether timing of the treatment modality had any influence on survival, and to find out if primary surgery prolongs survival in comparison to primary chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From our database of 162 patients with ATC treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana from 1972-98, 79 patients (26 men, 53 women; age: 40-86 years, mean age 65 years) were included in this retrospective study. The 83 patients with distant metastases on admission, with the survival shorter than one month or patients without any treatment were excluded. The 79 patients were classified into (1) primary surgery group (n=26) and (2) primary chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy group (n=53), including the 12 patients in whom surgery was performed after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The survival of both groups was compared by log-rank test and group characteristics by ANOVA and(2 test using SPSS program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to the primary surgery group, the patients from the primary chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy group were older and had faster growing, and larger tumours, which were not confined to the thyroid, and more frequently had regional metastases. There was no difference in the survival of the two groups (P=0.17). Survival for longer than one year was observed in 25% of patients with primary surgery and in 21% of patients with primary chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The best results (50% survival at one year) were obtained in patients in whom the tumour was surgically removed after primary chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the timing of the treatment modalities has an impact on survival and that treatment should start with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, with surgery to follow if possible.)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Besic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auersperg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Us-Krasovec
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Golouh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frkovic-Grazio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vodnik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods