title: Bone bruises: MR characteristics and histological correlation in the young pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate magnetic resonance (MR) signal characteristics of bone bruises with histological findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 14 tibiae of young pigs, bone bruises were created in the proximal tibial metaphysis. The signal intensity seen on the MR images were correlated with histological findings. The following findings were evaluated: (a) changes of signal intensity on the tibiae; (b) changes of histology on the tibiae; and (c) changes of (a) and (b) on follow-up examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed three types of injuries on T1-weighted images: focal or diffuse low signal, normal signal and linear low signal intensities. Severe hemorrhagic areas showed low signal intensities on all sequences of MR imaging. Fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted images showed a more distinct low signal intensity than T1-weighted images. FSE short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and FSE fat saturated (FSE-FS) T2-weighted images showed similar signal intensities with FSE T2-weighted images. FS T1-weighted enhanced images showed low signal intensities with variable enhancements. Upon histological examination, hemorrhages and edemas were prominent at the subcortical areas of the contusion sites. The areas of dense, low signal intensities in all imaging sequences showed signs of severe hemorrhage. The areas of diffuse low signal and enhanced areas showed mixed areas of hemorrhages and edemas. Follow-up MR imaging showed evolution of the processes of hemorrhages and edemas with fatty marrow changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging can depict changes in the bone marrow resulting from direct injury to the bone. MR imaging is a useful tool for evaluating the evolution of bone bruises.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoekidong Dongdaemunku, 130-702, Seoul, South Korea. knryu@netsgo.com
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D003288:Contusions / Q000473:pathology*; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013552:Swine; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology