title: Isolation of an androgen-inducible novel lipocalin gene, Arg1, from androgen-dependent mouse mammary Shionogi carcinoma cells.
abstract: Here we report isolation of an androgen-regulated novel gene from an androgen-dependent mouse mammary Shionogi carcinoma SC-3 cell line. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based subtraction method and Northern blotting analysis, we isolated four androgen-inducible genes from SC-3 cells. Nucleotide sequencings identified three of the genes as cyclin D1, beta-catenin, and fatty acid synthase, respectively, but the fourth, a gene tentatively named as Arg1 (androgen-regulated gene 1), remained undefined. The cloned 2.0-kb sized Arg1 cDNA encoded 414 amino acid sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences, sharing about 30% homology with cathepsin family members at a protein level, had relatively conserved residues around the three proteinase active sites reported earlier. In Northern blotting, Arg1 mRNA was found in kidney, heart, lung, and to a lesser degree, in spleen and liver. Its transcripts were also detected in male reproductive organs on RT-PCR. In addition, its expression levels in prostate were markedly reduced after castration. Unexpectedly, Arg1-expressing COS1 cells showed no significant proteinase activity to various synthesized substrates under neutral or acidic conditions in this study. This might have been due to the replacement of the cysteinyl active site for proteinase to serine residue in the Arg1 amino acid sequences. Given that Arg1 also contains a lipocaline signature known as a binding motif for small hydrophobic molecules at the center of its amino acid sequences, Arg1 is a lipocalin family gene regulated by androgens in prostate and Shionogi carcinoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinouchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hakamata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiakito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuriki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukayama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D054834:Lipocalins; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D054834:Lipocalins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C484283:Tinagl1 protein, mouse; D002403:Cathepsins