title: Transient transfection of Theileria annulata.
abstract: We have developed a method to transiently transfect infective, uninucleate, Theileria annulata sporozoites. Transfection vectors have been constructed using a number of T. annulata 5' gene flanking sequences linked to the enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) reporter gene. Sporozoites were transfected with these constructs using the lipid transfection agent SuperFect, then allowed to infect purified bovine mononuclear cells (PBMs). Green fluorescence was observed in developing trophozoites, 36-40 h post infection, using constructs containing the upstream regions of the T. annulata Hsp70, T. annulata merozite surface antigen 1 (TamS1) and T. annulata macroschizont-specific AT hook-containing protein2 (TashAT2) genes. A construct with the 5' TamS1 upstream sequence in reverse orientation gave no detectable fluorescence indicating fluorescence was derived by expression from the T. annulata promoter. A cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter construct showed no activity in this stage of the parasite. However, when this construct was introduced directly into schizont-infected cells by electroporation, fluorescence was observed in the bovine cells but not the schizont. We describe the significance of these results in relation to novel control strategies and the fundamental biology of Theileria parasites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, YO10 5YW, York, UK. rea3@york.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharrard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinnaird
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shiels
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016796:Theileria annulata / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C113538:Tams1 antigen; C121453:TashAT2 protein, Theileria annulata; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins