title: Patient outcomes of refractive surgery. The refractive status and vision profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the performance of a questionnaire, the Refractive Status and Vision Profile (RSVP), in the assessment of patient outcomes following refractive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients recruited from 5 refractive surgery practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RSVP was self-administered by patients before and 2 to 6 months after bilateral refractive surgery. Information on uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive error, and self-reported satisfaction with vision was also collected. Changes in total RSVP scores and in the scores of RSVP subscales (concern, functioning, driving, symptoms, optical problems, glare, and trouble with corrective lenses) were assessed. The relationship between change in the RSVP and subscale scores was assessed in relation to change in traditional clinical measures. The responsiveness of the RSVP to clinically meaningful changes in patients' vision was measured by calculating its effect size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventy-six patients completed baseline and postoperative RSVPs and had bilateral refractive surgery. Postoperatively, 92.0% of patients had a UCVA of 20/40 or better in at least 1 eye. Fifteen percent had some worsening in the total RSVP score, and there was substantial variation in the proportion of patients who had worsening in particular subscale scores, ranging from 7.0% who reported worsening in trouble with corrective lenses to 41.5% who reported worsening in driving. Change in satisfaction with vision following surgery was correlated with change in the overall RSVP and subscale scores but not with change in refractive error. A significant worsening in 3 or more RSVP subscales was independently associated with an almost 6-fold (odds ratio 5.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.88,18.13) likelihood of patient report of dissatisfaction with vision, after adjusting for age, sex, preoperative refractive error, and postoperative UCVA. Low scores (ie, minimal dysfunction) on 2 of the RSVP subscales (physical functioning and optical problems) at baseline were predictive of poor postoperative patient outcomes. The RSVP was very sensitive to the intervention of refractive surgery (effect size of 1.2 to 1.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RSVP was able to detect clinically relevant changes in functional status and quality of life after refractive surgery. Change in the RSVP score was correlated with change in patient report of satisfaction and was predictive of postoperative patient satisfaction. The RSVP provides a valuable new metric to assess outcomes of refractive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. oschein@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Schein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cassard
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D054140:Refractive Surgical Procedures; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*