title: Kinematics and kinetics of the hip, knee, and ankle of children with clubfoot after posteromedial release.
abstract: Clubfoot is a bony deformity characterized by inversion, adduction, and equinus that often require surgical intervention. This study assessed the gait kinetics and kinematics of children with unilateral and those with bilateral clubfoot, comparing them with age-and gender-matched normal (control) children. Patient satisfaction also was examined using a questionnaire, and muscle strength was evaluated at the ankle and knee. In evaluating the kinematics, it was important to note that deviations occurred at the ankle of children with clubfoot. Differences in kinematics and kinetics at the hip and knee between normal children and those with clubfoot resulted from lack of motion at the ankle. Furthermore, the strength of ankle plantarflexors was weak, which reduced plantarflexion during push-off. This restricted motion may have been caused by residual bony deformities and muscle tightness resulting from the original condition that contributed to muscle stiffness during gait.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zernicke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery