title: Cardiac angiotensin II formation in the clinical course of heart failure and its relationship with left ventricular function.
abstract: In 76 patients with heart failure (HF) (New York Heart Association [NYHA] classes I through IV) and in 15 control subjects, cardiac angiotensin II (Ang II) generation and its relationship with left ventricular function were investigated by measuring aorta-coronary sinus concentration gradients of endogenous angiotensins and in a part of patients by studying (125)I-labeled Ang I kinetics. Gene expression and cellular localization of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system components, the density of AT(1) and AT(2) on membranes and isolated myocytes, and the capacity of isolated myocytes for synthesizing the hypertrophying growth factors insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and endothelin (ET)-1 were also investigated on 22 HF explanted hearts (NYHA classes III and IV) and 7 nonfailing (NF) donor hearts. Ang II generation increased with progression of HF, and end-systolic wall stress was the only independent predictor of Ang II formation. Angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA levels were elevated in HF hearts, whereas chymase levels were not, and mRNAs were almost exclusively expressed on nonmyocyte cells. Ang II was immunohistochemically detectable both on myocytes and interstitial cells. Binding studies showed that AT(1) density on failing myocytes did not differ from that of NF myocytes, with preserved AT(1)/AT(2) ratio. Conversely, AT(1) density was lower in failing membranes than in NF ones. Ang II induced IGF-I and ET-1 synthesis by isolated NF myocytes, whereas failing myocytes were unable to respond to Ang II stimulation. This study demonstrates that (1) the clinical course of HF is associated with progressive increase in cardiac Ang II formation, (2) AT(1) density does not change on failing myocytes, and (3) failing myocytes are unable to synthesize IGF-I and ET-1 in response to Ang II stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica Generale e Cardiologia, University of Florence, Institute of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Serneri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boddi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cecioni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coppo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bandinelli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertolozzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polidori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccherini
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Modesti
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053818:Chymases; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000235:genetics; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000804:Angiotensin II; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D000803:Angiotensin I; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053818:Chymases