title: Adenosine A(2A) receptor stimulation reduces inflammation and neointimal growth in a murine carotid ligation model.
abstract: Endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment are early events in atherosclerosis and the vascular response to injury. Adenosine has anti-inflammatory effects on leukocytes and endothelial cells mediated through its A(2A) receptor. We tested the hypothesis that A(2A) activation would reduce inflammation and neointimal formation in a murine carotid ligation model. Before injury, mice were randomized to a 7-day subcutaneous infusion of a specific A(2A) receptor agonist (ATL-146e, 0.004 microg/kg per minute), vehicle control, ATL-146e plus ZM241385 (a selective A(2A) antagonist), or ZM241385 alone. Leukocyte recruitment and adhesion molecule expression were assessed at early time points, and the neointimal area was measured at 14 and 28 days after injury. Compared with control mice, ATL-146e-treated mice had significantly less neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin expression in the first 7 days after injury. Neointimal area was markedly and persistently reduced by 80% at 14 and 28 days, despite termination of ATL infusion at 7 days. ATL-146e+ZM241385-treated and ZM241385-treated animals had neointimal areas similar to those of control animals, confirming that the observed effects of ATL-146e were mediated specifically by the A(2A) receptor. These data demonstrate that novel stimulation of adenosine A(2A) receptors can inhibit early inflammatory processes that are important in neointimal formation after vascular injury.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Barringhaus
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hesselbacher
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Gimple
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Sarembock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; C097270:ZM 241385