title: Human remains from the Austrian Gravettian: the Willendorf femoral diaphysis and mandibular symphysis.
abstract: Early excavations at the Willendorf site complex in Austria yielded a femoral diaphysis collected between 1883 and 1887 and a mandibular symphysis discovered in 1908--1909. The femoral section, Willendorf 1, derives from the Willendorf I site and direct AMS (14)C dating (24,250+/-180 years B.P.) assigns it to layer 9. The Willendorf 2 mandibular piece was excavated from layer 9 of the Willendorf II site, which is AMS (14)C dated to 24,000--23,900 years B.P. The Willendorf 1 femoral piece is relatively small and exhibits a pronounced pilaster and linear aspera, moderately elevated relative cortical area, and a level of diaphyseal robusticity in the middle of the European earlier Upper Paleolithic human range of variation, assuming similar body proportions. The Willendorf 2 mandibular symphysis has an inferior lingual torus, a planum alveolare, and a mental trigone with indistinct lateral tubercles, a clear fossa mentalis and a midline basilar rounding. In these features it is close to the majority of European earlier Upper Paleolithic mandibles.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Archäologische Biologie und Anthropologie, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, A-1014 Wien, Austria. maria.teschler@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teschler-Nicola
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trinkaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001317:Austria; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005580:Fossils; D015186:Hominidae / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes