title: Vesical continence in bilateral ectopic single ureters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explore the possibility of gaining suitable vesical capacity and continence in bilateral single ureters without having to resort to urinary diversion or bladder neck reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the last 10 years we treated 6 girls with bilateral ectopic ureters, and 2 with a single kidney and urethral ectopic ureter. Both ureters were ectopic in the urethra in 3 cases, and 1 ureter was inserted in the urethra and 1 in the bladder neck in the other 3. Preoperative examinations included ultrasonography, cystography, excretory urography and endoscopy in all cases, and magnetic resonance imaging in 2. Patient age at intervention ranged from 1 month to 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-trigonal reimplantation of the ectopic ureters through a correctly positioned neomeatus was performed in 7 cases. In 2 patients it was impossible to reach the ureteral insertion from inside the bladder (1 ureter in 1 and both ureters in 1), and so the distal tract of these ureters was resected extravesically as close as possible to the urethra. One patient with a single kidney also had an anorectal malformation and a rectovaginal fistula. She had pelvic renal ectopia and the ureter was inserted beneath the urogenital diaphragm causing minimal bladder capacity. Therefore, a sigmoid neobladder with appendicostomy was constructed according to the Mitrofanoff principle. A Young-Dees bladder neck plasty was done in 2 patients at the same time as ureteral reimplantation and 3 years later in 1. Followup urodynamics revealed more than acceptable continence. Bladder capacity was insufficient in only 1 polyuric patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A bladder with bilateral ureteral ectopia is not necessarily useless, and the majority of patients can achieve normal bladder function and capacity along with normal transurethral voiding and satisfactory continence.
authors.affiliation: Department Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Podestà
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Scarsi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Rovasenda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magillo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dodero
mesh_terms: D002828:Choristoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D014513:Ureter; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics