title: Importance of early insulin secretion: comparison of nateglinide and glyburide in previously diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the effects of nateglinide, glyburide, and placebo on postmeal glucose excursions and insulin secretion in previously diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study was conducted in 152 patients who received either nateglinide (120 mg before three meals daily, n = 51), glyburide (5 mg q.d. titrated to 10 mg q.d. after 2 weeks, n = 50), or placebo (n = 51) for 8 weeks. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide profiles during liquid meal challenges were measured at weeks 0 and 8. At weeks -1 and 7, 19-point daytime glucose and insulin profiles, comprising three solid meals, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the liquid-meal challenge, nateglinide reduced the incremental glucose area under the curve (AUC) more effectively than glyburide ( = -4.94 vs. -2.71 mmol. h/l, P < 0.05), whereas glyburide reduced fasting plasma glucose more effectively than nateglinide ( = -2.9 vs. -1.0 mmol/l, respectively, P < 0.001). In contrast, C-peptide induced by glyburide was greater than that induced by nateglinide ( = +1.83 vs. +0.95 nmol. h/l, P < 0.01), and only glyburide increased fasting insulin levels. During the solid meal challenges, nateglinide and glyburide elicited similar overall glucose control ( 12-h incremental AUC = -13.2 vs. -15.3 mmol. h/l), but the insulin AUC induced by nateglinide was significantly less than that induced by glyburide ( 12-h AUC = +866 vs. +1,702 pmol. h/l, P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that nateglinide selectively enhanced early insulin release and provided better mealtime glucose control with less total insulin exposure than glyburide.
authors.affiliation: Ruth Collins Diabetes Center, Baylor University Medical Center, 3600 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA. priscilh@baylordallas.edu
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gatlin
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Dunning
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077715:Nateglinide; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000097:blood; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D005905:Glyburide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000077715:Nateglinide; D010649:Phenylalanine; D010919:Placebos; D011384:Proinsulin