title: Are older hazardous and harmful drinkers less likely to participate in health-related behaviors and practices as compared with nonhazardous drinkers?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the (1) prevalence of at-risk drinking and participation in health-related behaviors and practices and (2) associations of at-risk drinking with other health-related behaviors and practices among older persons completing a health-risk appraisal for the elderly (HRA-E).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study using data from a self-administered, mailed survey sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons from three organizations were surveyed: (1) the American Association of Retired Persons; and (2) a large medical group and (3) a community-based senior health center in southern California.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,889 persons age 55 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HRA-E included items on health characteristics, drinking behaviors (including amount of alcohol use and two alcoholism screening measures: the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener) and Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Geriatric version (SMAST-G), and participation in selected health-related behaviors and practices. Social drinkers were defined as those who drank fewer than 14 drinks weekly and screened negative on the CAGE (defined as two or more "no" responses) and SMAST-G. Hazardous drinkers drank fewer than 14 drinks weekly and screened negative. Harmful drinkers drank fewer than 14 drinks weekly and screened positive. Possible at-risk drinkers drank 14 or more drinks weekly and screened positive. Least squares regression models were used to assess the effects of hazardous, harmful, and possible at-risk drinking on each of the health-related practices and behaviors. We also conducted these analyses using three other definitions of social, possible at-risk, hazardous, and harmful drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all respondents, 40% were social drinkers, 3% were harmful drinkers, 2% were hazardous drinkers, and 11% were possible at-risk drinkers. Hazardous, harmful, and possible at-risk drinkers commonly reported driving after drinking or being driven by someone who had been drinking (67%, 76%, and 64% respectively). Harmful and possible at-risk drinkers were more likely than social drinkers to smoke and were less likely to use seatbelts regularly. These findings were observed regardless of how the drinking groups were defined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All groups of at-risk drinkers more commonly engaged in selected adverse health-related behaviors and practices than did social drinkers.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Harawa
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence