title: Modulation of the epithelial calcium channel, ECaC, by intracellular Ca2+.
abstract: We have studied the modulation by intracellular Ca2+ of the epithelial Ca2+ channel, ECaC, heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells. Whole-cell and inside-out patch clamp current recordings were combined with FuraII-Ca2+ measurements:1. Currents through ECaC were dramatically inhibited if Ca2+ was the charge carrier. This inhibition was dependent on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and occurred also in cells buffered intracellularly with 10 mM BAPTA.2. Application of 30 mM [Ca(2)]e induced in non-Ca2+] buffered HEK 293 cells at -80 m V an increase in intracellular Ca2+([Ca2]i) with a maximum rate of rise of 241 +/-15nM/s (n= 18 cells) and a peak value of 891 +/- 106 nM. The peak of the concomitant current with a density of 12.3 +/- 2.6 pA/pF was closely correlated with the peak of the first-time derivative of the Ca2+ transient, as expected if the Ca2+ transient is due to influx of Ca2+. Consequently, no Ca2+] signal was observed in cells transfected with the Ca2+ impermeable ECaC mutant, D542A, in which an aspartate in the pore region was neutralized.3. Increasing [Ca2+]i by dialyzing the cell with pipette solutions containing various Ca2+] concentrations, all buffered with 10 mM BAPTA, inhibited currents through ECaC carried by either Na+ or Ca2+] ions. Half maximal inhibition of Ca(2+)currents in the absence of monovalent cations occurred at 67 nM (n between 6 and 8), whereas Na+ currents in the absence of Ca2+] and Mg2+ were inhibited with an IC50 of 89 nM (n between 6 and 10). Currents through ECaC in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ and Na+, which are mainly carried by Ca2+, are inhibited by [Ca2]i with an IC50of 82 nM (n between 6 and 8). Monovalent cation currents through the Ca2+impermeable D542A ECaC mutant were also inhibited by an elevation of [Ca2]i (IC50 = 123 nM, n between 7 and 18). 4. The sensitivity of ECaC currents in inside-out patches for [Ca2]i was slightly shifted to higher concentrations as compared with whole cell measurements. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at 169 nM if Na+ was the charge carrier (n between 4 and 11) and 228 nM at 1 mM [Ca2]e (n between 4 and 8).5. Recovery from inhibition upon washout of extracellular Ca2+ (whole-cell configuration) or removal of Ca2+ from the inner side of the channel (inside-out patches) was slow in both conditions. Half-maximal recovery was reached after 96 +/- 34 s (n= 15) in whole-cell mode and after 135 +/- 23 s (n = 17) in inside-out patches.6. We conclude that influx of Ca2+ through ECaC and [Ca2]i induce feedback inhibition of ECaC currents, which is controlled by the concentration of Ca2+ in a micro domain near the inner mouth of the channel. Slow recovery seems to depend on dissociation of Ca( 2+ from an internal Ca2+ binding site at ECaC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. bernd.nilius@med.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilius
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prenen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vennekens
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hoenderop
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Droogmans
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003956:Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C492239:TRPV5 protein, human; D002118:Calcium