title: A lineage-restricted and divergent beta-tubulin isoform is essential for the biogenesis, structure and function of blood platelets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mammalian megakaryocytes release blood platelets through a remarkable process of cytoplasmic fragmentation and de novo assembly of a marginal microtubule band. Cell-specific components of this process include the divergent beta-tubulin isoform beta1 that is expressed exclusively, and is the predominant isoform, in platelets and megakaryocytes. The functional significance of this restricted expression, and indeed of the surprisingly large repertoire of metazoan tubulin genes, is unclear. Fungal tubulin isoforms appear to be functionally redundant, and all mammalian beta-tubulins can assemble in a variety of microtubules, whereas selected fly and worm beta-tubulins are essential in spermatogenesis and neurogenesis. To address the essential role of beta1-tubulin in its natural context, we generated mice with targeted gene disruption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  beta1-tubulin(-/-) mice have thrombocytopenia resulting from a defect in generating proplatelets, the immediate precursors of blood platelets. Circulating platelets lack the characteristic discoid shape and have defective marginal bands with reduced microtubule coilings. beta1-tubulin(-/-) mice also have a prolonged bleeding time, and their platelets show an attenuated response to thrombin. Two alternative tubulin isoforms, beta2 and beta5, are overexpressed, and the total beta-tubulin content of beta1-tubulin(-/-) megakaryocytes is normal. However, these isoforms assemble much less efficiently into platelet microtubules and are thus unable to compensate completely for the absence of beta1-tubulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first genetic study to address the essential functions of a mammalian tubulin isoform in vivo. The results establish a specialized role for beta1-tubulin in platelet synthesis, structure, and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schwer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lecine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Italiano
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shivdasani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000209:etiology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014404:Tubulin