title: Lack of correlation between angiographic grading of collateral and myocardial perfusion and function: implications for the assessment of angiogenic response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiographic assessment of apparent collaterals (AAC) has been used to quantify the angiogenic response to interventions designed to enhance myocardial perfusion and function in ischemic myocardium. However, the accuracy with which AAC reflects actual myocardial blood flow (MBF) and regional contractility has not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between myocardial tissue perfusion, AAC grade and myocardial function in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  AAC (with results visually graded as 0-3) was performed 4 weeks after placement of an ameroid constrictor around the left circumflex artery in pigs (n= 27). Fluorescent microspheres were used to quantify regional endocardial, epicardial, and transmural MBF, and echocardiography was used to assess percentage thickening of myocardium (PTM) at rest and under stress (pacing).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant correlation between AAC grading and endocardial, epicardial or transmural MBF. MBF but not AAC grade was correlated to PTM at rest according to the formula PTM=0.06+0.42MBFtransmural (r= 0.39, P= 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of simple AAC are not correlated with myocardial perfusion and function and probably should not be used as a primary endpoint in clinical studies designed to enhance myocardial perfusion in ischemic regions.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, DC 20010, USA. sxf6@mhg.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shou
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baffour
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kornowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine