title: Randomized comparison of conventional and gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy: operative technique, postoperative course, and recovery.
abstract: The positive CO2 pneumoperitoneum needed to create the working space for laparoscopic surgery induces cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and renal changes. Concern about these pathophysiologic changes has led to the introduction of a gasless technique. Fifty consecutive patients with symptomatic gallstones were randomized to conventional (CLC) or gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy (GLC), with special reference to overall patient satisfaction, technical difficulties, duration of surgery, postoperative pain, and recovery. The overall exposure of the operative field was extremely poor in the GLC group, whereas the duration of surgery, steps involved in the cholecystectomy technique, length of hospital stay, and postoperative pain score did not differ significantly. After discharge, the median time to complete relief of pain tended to be shorter in the gasless group (5 days [range 1 to 15]) vs. the conventional group (8 days [range 1 to 15]). The period to return to normal activity was shorter in the GLC group (6 days [range 1 to 15]) compared to the CLC group (8.5 days [range 1 to 15]) (P = 0.031). No differences were found in terms of fatigue, dizziness and nausea, and overall satisfaction with the outcome. This study demonstrates a significantly shorter convalescence after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by means of the gasless technique compared to the conventional CO2 technique. Exposure of the operative field was less than optimal using the gasless technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ejstrud
authors.forename: J U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Redke
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D003289:Convalescence; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome