title: [Premature labor with intact membranes: microbiology of the amniotic fluid and lower genital tract and its relation with maternal and neonatal outcome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of idiopathic spontaneous premature labor or without an evident clinical cause, has not been reduced with tocolytic treatments, suggesting that premature labor has multiple causes and infections play a not well-defined role.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform microbiological studies of the amniotic fluid and of the lower genital tract in women with idiopathic premature labor and intact membranes, relating these findings with maternal and neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with pregnancies between 24 and 34 weeks, with premature labor and without an evident clinical cause were enrolled. Amniotic fluid and genital tract samples were obtained for traditional microbiological cultures. This information was related with delivery events and neonatal outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three patients were included. The overall frequency of microbial invasion of amniotic cavity was 23.8% and of cervical or vaginal infection was 63.5% (in 39.7% there was only cervical or vaginal infection without involvement of the amniotic sac). Absence of infection was documented in 36.5% of women. Compared to patients without infection, women with microbial invasion of amniotic cavity had a higher rate of prematurity (73.3% p < 0.05), a higher rate of prematurity of less than 34 weeks (60% p < 0.01), a higher frequency of preterm rupture of membranes (40% p < 0.001), a shorter admission-to-delivery interval (median 3.0 days p < 0.01) and lower gestational age at delivery (median 33 weeks p < 0.01). Clinical chorioamnionitis and endometritis (20% p < 0.01) was observed only in patients with amniotic cavity infections. Severe asphyxia (26.7% p < 0.05) and neonatal admission to Intensive Care Units (46.7% p < 0.05) were more frequent and neonatal weight was less in the offspring of women with microbial invasion of amniotic cavity (2020 g median p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In preterm labor with intact membranes, intraamniotic infection is the most frequent cause of prematurity and is associated with a higher prevalence of maternal and neonatal problems.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Obstetricia, Ginecología y Neonatología, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile. aovallei@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ovalle
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Menares
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aspillaga
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schwarze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000382:microbiology*; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications