title: The management of chronic hepatitis B infection.
abstract: Chronic hepatitis B infection is frequently diagnosed within the genitourinary clinic setting with sexual transmission the commonest route of acquisition in the United Kingdom. Only 3--5% of adults who contract acute hepatitis B will progress to chronic infection, and these individuals can be identified by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the bloodstream 6 months after infection. Individuals at highest risk of long-term complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, carry HBeAg and have high levels of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Therapy should be targeted towards this group of patients. Two forms of therapy are now licensed for use in chronic hepatitis B infection: interferon-alpha and lamivudine. Seroconversion occurs in 30--40% of patients treated with interferon and treatment is often limited by toxicity. Lamivudine is well tolerated with seroconversion rates of 15--20% at one year, rising with increasing duration of therapy. Long-term monotherapy is limited however by the development of resistance mutations and combination nucleoside therapy is likely to become the treatment of choice in the future. Patients with chronic hepatitis B should be counselled regarding transmission, partner vaccination and alcohol intake and co-infection with other hepatitis viruses should be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine