title: Reliability of CXR for the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be prevalent, despite new treatment, in part because of increased survival in less mature infants. Investigations of new treatments have been hampered by a lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria. Radiographic scoring systems have been developed to provide objective assessment of lung injury and risk for chronic lung disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to test the reliability of a recently reported system using chest radiography as the main tool for diagnosis of BPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred chest radiographs, half demonstrating BPD and the other half without BPD, were analyzed by pediatric radiologists and by a neonatologist, using the Weinstein score (1-6, depending on increasing radiographic severity). The reliability of this scoring system was tested by kappa (k) statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability at the lowest threshold (dividing score 1 from score > or = 2) was unacceptably low in this population. Reliability increased with inclusion of higher BPD scores in the comparison groups: 1-3 versus 4-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the chest radiograph for the prediction of BPD is not reliable between different observers except at the two extremes of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, 204 Bell Bldg., DUMC 3179, Durham 27710, NC, USA. moya0001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bisset
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Auten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hollingworth
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Frush
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results