title: Imaging and Management of Breast Masses During Pregnancy and Lactation.
abstract: Detection and management of breast abnormalities that develop during pregnancy and lactation is difficult for both the clinician and the radiologist. This article reviews the hormonal and physiologic effects on the breast during pregnancy and lactation. Breast masses that occur in pregnant or lactating patients, including pregnancy-associated breast cancer, are discussed and the corresponding ultrasound and mammographic findings are presented. Finally, a rationale for the imaging evaluation and management of the pregnant or lactating patient with a breast mass are presented.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Radiology, Richmond, Virginia, and Departments of; Surgery and Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Jacquelyn P.
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hogge
authors.forename: Ellen Shaw
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: De Paredes
authors.forename: Colette M.
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Magnant
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lage