title: Identification of 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-amino-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-4) as a potent mutagen in river water in Kyoto and Aichi prefectures, Japan.
abstract: We have previously isolated five mutagens in blue rayon-adsorbed substances from water at a site below sewage plants in the Nishitakase River, in Kyoto, Japan, and identified two of them as 2-phenylbenzotriazole derivatives, 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-1) and 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[(2-cyanoethyl)ethylamino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-2). In the present study, we collected adsorbed materials on blue cotton (3 kg x 9 times) at the same location, and isolated a sufficient amount (97 microg) of one of the remaining three mutagens other than PBTA-1 and PBTA-2, for structural analysis, by multiple column chromatography. The structure of mutagen, accounting for 12% of the total mutagenicity of the blue rayon-adsorbed substances, was determined to be a PBTA-1 analogue, 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-amino-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-4). PBTA-4 is a potent mutagen, inducing 190,000 and 7,800,000 revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and YG1024 per microgram, respectively, in the presence of S9 mix. In addition to the water of the Nishitakase River, PBTA-4 was detected in water samples from two rivers that flow through other regions where textile-dyeing industries have been developed. Like other PBTA analogues, PBTA-4 might also be produced from azo dyes during industrial processes in dyeing factories and treatment at sewage plants.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nukaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiozawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asanoma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuhara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis
chemical_list: C431551:2-(2-(acetylamino)-4-amino-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D014230:Triazoles