title: Differential induction of cellular responses by live and dead Leishmania promastigotes in healthy donors.
abstract: The most effective protection against human leishmaniasis has been achieved following vaccination with live promastigotes. Killed promastigotes + BCG can protect, albeit to a lower degree. To explore what mechanisms may be involved in these differences, the ability of live and dead promastigotes to induce immune responses were evaluated in vitro. The data showed that live and dead promastigotes differ in their ability to induce proliferation and cytokine production. Cytokine gene expression of Th1 related cytokines (IL-12, IFNgamma and TNFalpha) in adult PBMC was more evident to live than to heat killed promastigotes. This was coupled with significantly higher number of IFNgamma secreting cells induced by live than killed promastigotes. However, alpha-IL-12 antibodies did not block the IFNgamma response induced by live promastigotes. Proliferative responses were variable. In contrast to adult PBMC no IFNgamma secreting MNC could be detected in cord blood. However, in these cells the live promastigotes consistently induced higher proliferative response compared to dead. Implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Tumour Biology Centre, Karolinska Institutet and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nylén
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mörtberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kovalenko
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Satti
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhiet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akuffo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014611:Vaccination; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma