title: Actinic prurigo: clinical features and HLA associations in a Canadian Inuit population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actinic prurigo (AP) is an idiopathic familial photodermatitis. AP of the Inuit is rarely reported and poorly characterized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to examine the clinical features and HLA associations of AP in an Inuit population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven Inuit subjects with AP were administered a questionnaire and underwent a cutaneous examination. Other causes of photosensitivity were excluded. HLA class I typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific primers and class II typing by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were 81.1% female, 67.6% had a family history of photosensitivity, and all experienced seasonal variation. The average age at onset of photosensitivity was 29 years, and only 27% had a trend toward improvement in photosensitivity. Involvement of eyes and nonexposed skin was reported in 62.2% and 18.9% of subjects, respectively. Physical examination revealed involvement of the face (64.9%), lip (32.4%), ear (13.5%), and dorsal aspect of the hand (24.3%). HLA-DRB1*14 was present in 51.2% of subjects and 26.2% of controls (P =.022, odds ratio = 2.975). This is a previously unreported HLA association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AP in the Inuit is a seasonal, pruritic photodermatitis, often commencing in adulthood and worsening over time. A novel association with HLA-DRB1*14 has been discovered. Overall, this novel HLA association, the absence of HLA associations previously reported in non-Inuit populations, and clinical distinguishing features support the concept that AP in the Inuit may have a distinct immunopathogenic basis that translates into a different phenotype. It also raises the question of whether AP in the Inuit is a distinct photosensitivity disorder specific to this group that has been genetically isolated because of geographic and cultural seclusion.
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Toole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011536:Prurigo / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012621:Seasons