title: An association study of DRD5 with smoking initiation and progression to nicotine dependence.
abstract: A large body of genetic epidemiological data strongly implicate genetic factors in the etiology of smoking behavior. Polymorphisms of genes in the dopaminergic system are plausible functional candidate genes and a linkage and an association study suggested that the type 5 dopamine receptor gene (DRD5) may be etiologically involved. We investigated the association of four DRD5 polymorphisms with smoking initiation and progression to nicotine dependence in a population-based sample of over 900 subjects. For smoking initiation, there was no significant association with the four DRD5 markers we studied; however, maximum likelihood analyses suggested the presence of a haplotype protective against smoking initiation. For progression to nicotine dependence, there were no strongly significant associations with the four DRD5 markers or for the estimated haplotypes. These data are not consistent with a strong etiological role for DRD5 in the etiology of these complex smoking behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA. sullivan@psycho.psi.vcu.edu
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harris-Kerr
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Myakishev
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wormley
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kendler
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Straub
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D050641:Receptors, Dopamine D5; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C493605:DRD5 protein, human; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D050641:Receptors, Dopamine D5