title: Nasal endoscopy in asthmatic children: assessment of rhinosinusitis and adenoiditis incidence, correlations with cytology and microbiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Upper respiratory airway diseases may induce a worsening of asthma. Sinusitis represents one of the most common chronic diseases. The association of asthma and sinusitis varies greatly in different studies, depending on diagnostic procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims were: (i) to demonstrate that nasal endoscopy may be easily feasible in asthma at paediatric age; (ii) to evaluate the incidence of rhinosinusitis and adenoiditis in children with asthma by nasal endoscopy; (iii) to correlate inflammatory parameters such as cytology and microbiological cultures with nasal endoscopy findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-five asthmatic children were evaluated, 48 males and 97 females, with an average age of 7.27 years. Evaluated parameters were the incidence of rhinosinusal infections in asthmatic children, and the role of: (i) nasal endoscopy, (ii) nasal cytology, and (iii) nasal microbiology in their diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nasal endoscopy was successfully performed on 128 patients. Twenty-six children had endoscopic rhinosinusitis alone, 10 had adenoiditis alone, and 35 showed endoscopic rhinosinusitis associated with adenoiditis. There were significant correlations between endoscopic rhinosinusitis and adenoiditis (P < 0.001), between clinical and endoscopic rhinosinusitis (P < 0.001), between endoscopic rhinosinusitis and adenoiditis and microbiology (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively), and between microbiology and cytology (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that rhinosinusal infections are common in asthmatic children. Moreover, nasal endoscopy might represent a fruitful tool in the management of asthmatic children.
authors.affiliation: Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Head Neck Department, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tosca
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Marseglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caligo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pallestrini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ameli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mira
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castelnuovo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pagella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciprandi
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canonica
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic