title: The long-term outcome of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for small renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in patients with small renal cell carcinoma, we analyzed the long-term results in those treated with laparoscopy and those undergoing open surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 149 patients with tumors less than 5 cm. in diameter enrolled in a radical nephrectomy program between January 1992 and March 2000. Of these patients 103 were treated laparoscopically and the remaining 46 underwent open surgery. Patient followup was until June 30, 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopy followup was from 3 to 95 months (median 29). A total of 100 patients survived, 2 died without any recurrent disease in months 34 and 45, respectively, and 1 dropped out in postoperative month 3. Seeding of the port sites did not develop in any of the patients. There were 3 patients who had metastatic disease in months 3, 19 and 61, respectively, and 1 had local recurrence in postoperative month 43. The 5-year disease-free and patient survival rates were 95.1%, and 95.0%, respectively. Except for 2 patients who dropped out in months 10 and 16, respectively, 44 who underwent open surgery were followed from 11 to 101 months (median). Of the 44 patients 41 survived without any recurrent disease, 1 also survived with metastasis and 2 died of metastatic disease in months 7 and 11, respectively. The 5-year disease-free and patient survival rates were 89.7% and 95.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy can be an alternative to open nephrectomy in patients with localized small renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nagoya University School of Medicine and Shakaihoken Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kamihira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome