title: Possible association between high-dose fluconazole and adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whereas the antifungal azole ketoconazole interferes with steroidogenesis and can cause adrenal insufficiency, fluconazole in standard doses is thought to not interfere with cortisol production. The objective was to evaluate the effect of high-dose fluconazole therapy on adrenal function in critically ill patients in an intensive care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients, a 77-yr-old man (case 1) with esophageal cancer and a 66-yr-old woman (case 2) with multiple organ failure developed reversible adrenal insufficiency temporally related to the institution and withdrawal of high-dose fluconazole.
  
  
  METHODS
  Short cosyntropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone; ACTH) stimulation tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two days after high-dose fluconazole in case 1, the serum ACTH level was 121 pg/mL (normal range is 9-52 pg/mL), and the peak cortisol after ACTH stimulation was 15.5 microg/dL (normal response is >or=18 microg/dL). Eleven days after discontinuation of fluconazole, the peak cortisol level after ACTH stimulation was 43.4 microg/dL. Twenty-four hours after high-dose fluconazole in case 2, an ACTH stimulation test had a low peak serum cortisol of 16.8 microg/dL. Fluconazole was withdrawn, and 5 days later, the peak stimulated cortisol was 20.6 microg/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although fluconazole is the therapy of choice for patients in the intensive care setting with Candida infections, two patients with multiple organ failure who received high-dose fluconazole appeared to develop adrenal insufficiency. Although preliminary and anecdotal, these data suggest a need to further investigate the possibility that high-dose fluconazole might cause adrenal insufficiency in already compromised critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, the Division of Endocrinology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. albertsg@slu.edu
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DeLeon
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Silverberg
mesh_terms: D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003366:Cosyntropin; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000150:complications; D018579:Patient Selection; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003366:Cosyntropin; D015725:Fluconazole; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone