title: MR virtual angioscopy of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The thoracic aorta is an important site of atherosclerotic disease in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH). Thoracic aortic atherosclerosis in patients with HFH was assessed with contrast-enhanced MR angiograms using exoscopic and endoscopic virtual angioscopy reconstructions and maximum intensity projections (MIPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Contrast-enhanced MR angiograms of the thoracic aorta of 15 patients with HFH and 8 normal volunteers were obtained. Perspective surface reconstructions of the MR angiograms including virtual angioscopy views were evaluated by three radiologists blinded to the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thoracic wall irregularity was depicted on 8 of 15 (53%) patient scans and only 1 of 8 (13%) normal subject scans using surface reconstructions. Wall irregularity scores of patients with HFH were significantly increased compared with controls (2.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.6; p = 0.008). There was excellent interobserver agreement (weighted kappa = 0.82 +/- 0.12). Virtual endoscopy views added diagnostic confidence compared with exoscopic surface renderings alone. MIP reconstructions were unable to depict wall irregularity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR angiography with virtual angioscopy of the thoracic aorta depicts nonstenotic wall irregularity of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis in patients with HFH. This may be important for assessing disease progression and response to treatment and may be generalizable to routine (non-HFH) atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182, USA. rms@nih.gov
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Choyke
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Patronas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Shamburek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media