title: Relapsing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients undergoing successful protease inhibitor therapy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the evolution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in 10 consecutive patients coinfected with VL and HIV, taking into account the decline in the incidence of opportunistic infections after the introduction of protease inhibitor therapy. During a median follow-up of 31 months, 7 (70%) of 10 patients relapsed. The incidence of relapse was slightly lower than before institution of protease inhibitor therapy (20 vs. 13 patient-months), with a 31% probability that relapse would not have taken place within 2 years. VL relapses occurred even though increases in the CD4+ cell counts were observed and HIV loads were undetectable, suggesting that successful antiretroviral therapy is not sufficient to control the disease. Relapsing patients also had a lower increase in the CD4+ cell count.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain. jcasado@hrc.insalud.es
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez-Velez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quereda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antela
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors