title: Genotype-phenotype correlation for thiopurine S-methyltransferase in healthy Italian subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to estimate the concordance rate between erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity and genotype at the TPMT locus in an Italian population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TPMT phenotype and genotype were determined in an unrelated population of 103 Italian healthy blood donors. Erythrocyte TPMT activity was measured with a radiochemical assay using 12.5 microM S-adenosyl-L-(methyl-14C)-methionine and 4 mM 6-mercaptopurine. The genotyping assay was based on restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) and allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (ASO-PCR) methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects had detectable TPMT activity. The activity of TPMT varied 2.8-fold between the 5th and 95th percentile. This variation was neither age (P = 0.63) nor gender (P = 0.44) regulated and the frequency distribution of TPMT activity is compatible with a polymorphic distribution. The presence of the four most common defective alleles, i.e. TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B and TPMT*3C, was examined through the entire phenotyped population. Ninety-two subjects did not carry any of the tested mutations. Eleven individuals were heterozygous for one of the mutant alleles and had a TPMT activity lower than 30 pmol/min/mg. Eight subjects were TPMT*1/TPMT*3A, two TPMT*1/TPMT*3C and one was TPMT*1/TPMT*2. The TPMT*3B allele was not detected in the samples analysed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a concordance of 97% between genotype and phenotype. All the heterozygotes had an intermediate phenotype. However, the wide variation range in TPMT activity detected in the wild-type homozygotes indicates that other genetic or epigenetic factors influence the TPMT phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Via S. Giuseppe 22, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guarnieri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barale
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pacifici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase