title: Prolonged antiplatelet therapy to prevent late thrombosis after intracoronary gamma-radiation in patients with in-stent restenosis: Washington Radiation for In-Stent Restenosis Trial plus 6 months of clopidogrel (WRIST PLUS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracoronary gamma-radiation reduces recurrent in-stent restenosis. Late thrombosis (>30 days after radiation therapy) is identified as a serious complication. The Washington Radiation for In-Stent Restenosis Trial (WRIST) PLUS, which involved 6 months of treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin, was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of prolonged antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of late thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 120 consecutive patients with diffuse in-stent restenosis in native coronary arteries and vein grafts with lesions <80 mm underwent percutaneous coronary transluminal angioplasty, laser ablation, and/or rotational atherectomy. Additional stents were placed in 34 patients (28.3%). After the intervention, a closed-end lumen catheter was introduced into the artery, a ribbon with different trains of radioactive (192)Ir seeds was positioned to cover the treated site, and a dose of 14 Gy to 2 mm was prescribed. Patients were discharged with clopidogrel and aspirin for 6 months and followed angiographically and clinically. All patients but one tolerated the clopidogrel. The late occlusion and thrombosis rates were compared with the gamma-radiation-treated (n=125) and the placebo patients (n=126) from the WRIST and LONG WRIST studies (which involved only 1 month of antiplatelet therapy). At 6 months, the group receiving prolonged antiplatelet therapy had total occlusion and late thrombosis rates of 5.8% and 2.5%, respectively; these rates were lower than those in the active gamma-radiation group and similar to those in the placebo historical control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six months of clopidogrel and aspirin and a reduction in re-stenting for patients with in-stent restenosis treated with gamma-radiation is well tolerated and associated with a reduction in the late thrombosis rate compared with a similar cohort treated with only 1 month of clopidogrel and aspirin.
authors.affiliation: Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA. rxw8@mhg.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waksman
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinnow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dieble
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taaffe
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gruberg
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Satler
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pichard
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindsay
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine