title: Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene variation and hypertension in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (5'LC-Arg19Cys, Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu) are associated with hypertension in patients with or without type 2 diabetes and with the blood pressure levels in normotensive sib pairs. The association study included 291 hypertensive patients without type 2 diabetes, 124 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, and 265 healthy control subjects from SWEDEN: In addition, normotensive sib pairs that were discordant for the Arg16Gly (72 pairs) and Gln27Glu (40 pairs) polymorphisms were identified in type 2 diabetes families from FINLAND: Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Homozygous carriers of the Arg16 allele had a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes (OR 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 4.33), particularly among lean (body mass index<27 kg/m(2)) patients (OR 3.47; 95% CI, 1.06 to 11.33). The Gln27 allele showed a weaker association to hypertension (OR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.41) and was found to be in linkage disequilibrium with the Cys19 allele of the 5'LC-Arg19Cys polymorphism. In the paired-sibling analysis, siblings with at least 1 copy of the Arg16 allele had higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.049), and nondiabetic siblings had a higher body mass index (P=0.026) than siblings homozygous for the Gly16 allele. These results indicate that the Arg16 allele of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene confers an increased risk for hypertension in subjects with type 2 diabetes and is associated with higher blood pressure levels and higher body mass index in sib pairs who are discordant for the polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. kristina.a.bengtsson@vgregion.se
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orho-Melander
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Melander
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranstam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Råstam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D005973:Glutamine / Q000235:genetics; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D001120:Arginine; D005998:Glycine