title: Effects of antecedent prolonged exercise on subsequent counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia.
abstract: In the present study the hypothesis tested was that prior exercise may blunt counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia. Healthy subjects [15 females (f)/15 males (m), age 27 +/- 1 yr, body mass index 22 +/- 1 kg/m(2), hemoglobin A(Ic) 5.6 +/- 0.5%] were studied during 2-day experiments. Day 1 involved either 90-min morning and afternoon cycle exercise at 50% maximal O2 uptake (VO2(max)) (priorEXE, n = 16, 8 m/8 f) or equivalent rest periods (priorREST, n = 14, 7 m/7 f). Day 2 consisted of a 2-h hypoglycemic clamp in all subjects. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was measured using [3-3H]glucose. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured using microneurography. Day 2 insulin (87 +/- 6 microU/ml) and plasma glucose levels (54 +/- 2 mg/dl) were equivalent after priorEXE and priorREST. Significant blunting (P < 0.01) of day 2 norepinephrine (-30 +/- 4%), epinephrine (-37 +/- 6%), glucagon (-60 +/- 4%), growth hormone (-61 +/- 5%), pancreatic polypeptide (-47 +/- 4%), and MSNA (-90 +/- 8%) responses to hypoglycemia occurred after priorEXE vs. priorREST. EGP during day 2 hypoglycemia was also suppressed significantly (P < 0.01) after priorEXE compared with priorREST. In summary, two bouts of exercise (90 min at 50% VO2(max)) significantly reduced glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide, and EGP responses to subsequent hypoglycemia. We conclude that, in normal humans, antecedent prolonged moderate exercise blunts neuroendocrine and metabolic counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6303, USA. pietro.galassetti@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galassetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Neill
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005080:Exercise Test; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000145:classification; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D000409:Alanine; D005990:Glycerol; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D004837:Epinephrine