title: A comparison of heat-induced hyperactivation in patients' sperm after colloid or pentoxifylline wash methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to compare kinematic parameters of human sperm after processing through two different wash methods and 40 degrees C heat treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm specimens (N = 169 cases) were washed by either colloid or pentoxifylline wash methods, and the motility parameters were measured at either 37 degrees C or 40 degrees C at baseline (0 hours) and after 4 hours. Five randomly selected washed specimens with matching 37 degrees C (control) or 40 degrees C heat treatments were assessed for changes in a sentinel gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of sperm hyperactive motility was >5 times higher after the 40 degrees C heat treatment, in comparison with the 37 degrees C treatment, for both the colloid- and the pentoxifylline-washed sperm. The percentages of total motility and progression were equally enhanced in heated sperm for the two wash methods. No changes were detected in the sentinel gene with the heat treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sperm cells mildly heated at 40 degrees C responded with greater motility, progression, and hyperactivation. The data suggest that mild heat is a stimulus for sperm function because greater sperm hyperactivation is associated with increased sperm fertilizing capacity. The absence of change in the sentinel gene in heated sperm suggests that a temperature of 40 degrees C is too low to initiate alterations in the highly condensed sperm chromatin. More studies are needed before mild heating of ejaculated sperm becomes acceptable for use in assisted reproductive technologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D010431:Pentoxifylline