title: Bioabsorbable plates and screws: Current state of the art in facial fracture repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of bioabsorbable materials in craniomaxillofacial surgery began a new era in fracture fixation. The purpose of this paper is to review the historical perspectives and the current concept of bioresorbable materials in fracture fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors review the biochemistry and clinical characteristics of bioabsorbable polymers--polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polydioxanone (PDS), and their copolymers. Their use and clinical perspectives by the Helsinki (authors') group and other study groups are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These materials have proven to be safe in clinical applications. When manufactured with current technology, they are easy to handle. Economically, they are nearly equal to similar metal devices. The materials have met clinical success throughout the world, first in orthognathic surgery, followed by treatment of fractures of the upper facial skeleton and the mandible. Today, most maxillofacial fractures and osteotomies may be adequately fixed with bioabsorbable materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Riitta.Suuronen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suuronen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kallela
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy; D016687:Polydioxanone; D011091:Polyesters; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D011108:Polymers; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D016687:Polydioxanone; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)