title: Effect of urea on fly ash PCDD/F concentrations in different particle sizes.
abstract: The effect of urea as an inhibitor for reducing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations in flue gases was studied in a pilot scale plant, together with the effect on the particle size distribution of these compounds. Total PCDD/F concentrations decreased by a maximum of 74%, the decrease being greatest for the most highly (octa-) chlorinated isomers. The PCDD/F reduction affected all the particle size classes when an adequate amount of urea was used (1% of the fuel input), which indicates that inhibition, unlike formation, is independent of the fly ash particle size distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Finland. paivi.ruokojarvi@uku.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruokojärvi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aatamila
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuppurainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruuskanen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases; D017745:Incineration; D010316:Particle Size; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D005740:Gases; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014508:Urea