title: Aerobic biodegradation studies of nonylphenol ethoxylates in river water using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: The aerobic biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates (A9PEO) was kinetically investigated in a laboratory-scale bioreactor filled with riverwater, spiked at a concentration of 10 mg L(-1) nonionic surfactants. Analyses of the samples applying liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ES-MS) after solid-phase enrichment revealed a relatively fast primary degradation of A9PEO with >99% degradation observed after 4 days. Contrary to the generally proposed degradation pathway of EO chain shortening, it could be shown that the initiating step of the degradation is omega-carboxylation of the individual ethoxylate chains: metabolites with long carboxylated EO chains are identified (A9PEC). Further degradation proceeds gradually into short-chain carboxylated EO with the most abundant species being AgPE2C. The oxidation of the nonyl chain proceeds concomitantly with this degradation, leading to metabolites having both a carboxylated ethoxylate and an alkyl chain of varying lengths (CAPEC). The identity of the CAPEC metabolites was confirmed by the fragmentation pattern obtained with LC-ES-MS/MS. Both A9PEC and CAPEC metabolites are still present in the bioreactor after 31 days. In the aerobic degradation pathway, A9PEO2 is formed only to a minor extent and is even further degraded in several days. The endocrine disruptor nonylphenol was not found as a metabolite in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Toxicological Chemistry, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jonkers
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Knepper
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Voogt
mesh_terms: D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism*; D005618:Fresh Water; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C021754:terics