title: Evidence for the autocrine induction of capacitation of mammalian spermatozoa.
abstract: Mammalian spermatozoa require a maturational event after ejaculation that allows them to acquire the capacity for fertilization. This process, known as capacitation, occurs spontaneously in simple defined medium implicating a potential role of autocrine induction. This study shows that the ether phospholipid 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphocholine (PAF) meets the criteria for an autocrine mediator of capacitation. Sperm released PAF after their dilution into capacitation medium and expressed a receptor for PAF on their membranes. PAF stimulated changes in the motility of sperm and enhanced fertilization in vitro. These actions were inhibited by a PAF receptor antagonist (UR-12519) and by extracellular recombinant PAF:acetylhydrolase (an enzyme that degrades PAF to a biologically inert form). Seminal plasma contained an acid-labile PAF:acetylhydrolase, whereas capacitation was inhibited by an acid-labile factor within seminal plasma, implicating this factor as a potential decapacitation factor within seminal plasma. Sperm from a PAF receptor knock-out mouse strain failed to express the receptor and displayed a significantly (p < 0.01) reduced rate of capacitation, as assessed by the spontaneous onset of the acrosome reaction in vitro. When used for in vitro fertilization, sperm from PAF receptor knock-out mice gave a significantly lower rate of fertilization (21.5%) than did wild-type sperm (66.7%). The study shows for the first time the operation of an autocrine loop that induces capacitation in sperm in vitro and shows that this loop acts in concert with other mediators of capacitation to promote efficient fertilization.
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stojanov
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimuzu
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D012661:Semen / Q000201:enzymology; D013075:Sperm Capacitation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor; D010741:Phospholipases A; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase