title: Lipid peroxidation caused by oxygen radicals from Fusobacterium-stimulated neutrophils as a possible model for the emergence of periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The possible contribution of bacteria and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to the disease process of periodontitis was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with chronic adult periodontitis. Intracellular production and extracellular release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PMN stimulated by fusobacteria were evaluated. To estimate the potential extracellular damage that might be caused by the ROS, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) of an exogenous phospholipid, Intralipid, was assayed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ROS production of PMN was studied by the nitroblue tetrazolium and chemiluminescence tests. The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenals were used to indicate LPO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fusobacterium nucleatum strains stimulated neutrophils to produce a large amount of ROS, independently of plasma complement factors. The two strains tested induced considerable intracellular, but no extracellular chemiluminescence responses during the first hour, indicating that ROS were released into phagosomes. However an incubation period of 4 h, in the presence of the extracellular lipid resulted in a high degree of LPO, presumably caused by ROS release from the Fusobacterium-stimulated PMN. ROS production and lipid peroxidation could be counteracted by vitamin E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In periodontitis local bacteria might stimulate PMN to release ROS, which cause inflammation and destruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical and Oral Bacteriology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikhi
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bouhafs
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hammarström
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jarstrand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000378:metabolism; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E