title: Postnatal Msx1 expression pattern in craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeleton of transgenic mice from the first week until the second year.
abstract: Phenotypes associated with Msx1 mutations have established the prominent role of this divergent homeogene in skeletal patterning. Previous studies have been achieved during antenatal development in relation with the early death of null mutant mice. Therefore, the present study is devoted to Msx1 homeogene in the postnatal craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeleton. A knock-in transgenic mouse line was studied from the first postnatal week until 15 months. Whole-mount beta-galactosidase enzymology identified Msx1 protein expression pattern. Maintained expression of Msx1 was observed in growing and adult mice, specifically in the sites where Msx1 plays an early morphogenetic role during initial skeletal patterning. These included the craniofacial sutures, autopodium, mandible, and alveolar bone. Furthermore, active membranous and endochondral bone formation involved Msx1 in the entire skeleton. Histologic sections showed that progenitor as well as differentiating and differentiated cells of all the bone cell lineages could express the Msx1 protein (chondrocytes, osteoblasts, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts and chondroclasts). Recent developments in the genetic and developmental biology of skeletal morphogenesis demonstrate that genes critical for development are jointly expressed in discrete embryonic signalling and growth centers, the enamel knot in teeth, the cranial suture in skull morphogenesis, and the progress zone in the limb buds. The present study suggests that these signalling pathways are jointly important throughout the entire lifetime with an exquisite site-specificity spatially related to early patterning.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Odontologie, EA 2380, Université Paris 7, IFR 58, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Esc. E-2è ét., Paris, France. biol_odonto_fr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Orestes-Cardoso
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nefussi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hotton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesbah
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Orestes-Cardoso
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berdal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D007763:Lac Operon; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010641:Phenotype; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors