title: Bupropion for smoking cessation : predictors of successful outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of smoking abstinence at the end of medication use that could assist in the optimal use of a sustained-release (SR) form of bupropion for treating cigarette smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter (three sites) study conducted in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred fifteen healthy men and women (> or = 18 years of age) who were smoking > or = 15 cigarettes per day and who were motivated to stop smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random assignment of patients to placebo or SR bupropion treatment, 100, 150, or 300 mg/d, for 7 weeks (total duration of study was 52 weeks: 7 weeks of treatment and 45 weeks of follow-up).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of abstinence at the end of the medication phase. Univariate predictors included the following: bupropion dose (p < 0.001); older age (p = 0.024); lower number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd) (p < 0.001); lower Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire score (p = 0.011); longest time previously abstinent that was < 24 h or > 4 weeks (p < 0.001); absence of other smokers in the household (p = 0.021); greater number of previous stop attempts (p = 0.019); and study site (p = 0.004). Multivariate predictors of abstinence at the end of the medication phase were the following: higher bupropion dose (p < 0.001); lower number of cpd (p < 0.001); longest time previously abstinent from smoking (p = 0.002); male gender (p = 0.014); and study site (p = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bupropion SR therapy was effective in treating cigarette smokers independently of all other characteristics studied. Lower smoking rate, brief periods (ie, < 24 h) or long periods (ie, > 4 weeks) of abstinence with previous attempts to stop smoking, and male gender were predictive of better outcomes, independent of the dose of bupropion that was used.
authors.affiliation: Nicotine Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. dale.lowell@mayo.edu
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Offord
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Croghan
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hurt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D016642:Bupropion