title: Thyroplasty for adductor spasmodic dysphonia: further experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two different surgical techniques for midline lateralization thyroplasty (type 2 thyroplasty) for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD) have been described, one using a composite graft and the other without. Indications and results for each method among different types of SD were compared, together with the theoretical background for the surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of six patients with SD together with the fiberscopic video recording of laryngeal findings before, during, and after surgery were reviewed. The intraoperative video recordings of the surgical procedures were compared with the postoperative findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vocal features of SD, diverse preoperatively, disappeared postoperatively and a normal, or almost normal, voice was attained in 5 of 6 cases. The failure in one patient was attributed to combined focal dystonia of the neck muscles and difficulty in lateralization. Type 2 thyroplasty without a graft, which causes bowing of both vocal folds, is simple to perform and effective enough for most SD cases. No recurrence has been noted so far over postoperative periods ranging from 6 months to more than 3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that thyroplasty is an effective therapeutic approach for SD.
authors.affiliation: Isshiki Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Otolaryngology, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isshiki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Mahieu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*