title: Alteration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) pharmacokinetics and function by IL-2 antibodies induced after treatment of colorectal carcinoma patients with a combination of monoclonal antibody 17-1A, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-2.
abstract: In this study, we have assessed the development of neutralizing and non-neutralizing interleukin 2 (IL-2) antibodies in metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients receiving a colon carcinoma reactive monoclonal antibody (17-1A) in combination with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-2 therapy. Before treatment, no IL-2 antibodies were detected in any of the patients. After therapy, 10 of the 19 patients tested developed antibodies that bound to the IL-2 product used for therapy, but only one developed antibodies that neutralized the biological activity of IL-2 as assessed using an in vitro bioassay. We found that the induction of IL-2 antibodies in some patients irrespective of their neutralizing potential had a significant impact on IL-2 pharmacokinetics. A significant reduction of the area under the concentration-time curve and maximum concentration (C(max)) and increased IL-2 distribution and clearance were observed in IL-2 antibody-positive patients in comparison with IL-2 antibody-negative patients. A significant decrease in IL-2-mediated expansion of lymphocytes was also evident in patients positive for IL-2 antibodies in comparison with those negative for these antibodies. Further characterization of sera from patients with antibodies showed that, in most cases, the antibodies recognized different IL-2 preparations. Results also showed that serum IL-2 concentration at initiation of therapy in patients was significantly higher relative to healthy control donors. The endogenous production of IL-2 gradually increased during the treatment cycles. To conclude, induction of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies in cytokine-treated patients should be carefully monitored in terms of their clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Radiumhemmet), Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 71 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hjelm Skog
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gharizadeh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragnhammar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellstedt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007376:Interleukin-2; C400149:Edrecolomab; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor