title: The neuro-ophthalmologic examination (including coma).
abstract: Ophthalmologic practice requires a solid foundation in the principles and interpretation of the neuro-ophthalmologic examination. This article reviews the techniques used in the neuro-ophthalmologic examination to assess visual acuity, ocular motility, visual fields, the pupils, the eyelids, and the fundus. The neuro-ophthalmological examination in comatose patients is also reviewed. Neuro-ophthalmic techniques are paramount in the assessment of comatose patients, especially with regard to brainstem localization and diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Galetta
mesh_terms: D003118:Color Perception; D003128:Coma / Q000150:complications*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields