title: Gene variants of the bactericidal/permeability increasing protein and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in sepsis patients: gender-specific genetic predisposition to sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the genotype frequencies of the five bi-allelic polymorphisms in the bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) (Lys216 --> Glu; PstI polymorphism in intron 5; silent mutation G545 --> C) and the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) (Cys98 --> Gly; Pro436 --> Leu) are associated with the incidence and lethality of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study of patients with sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care units within university hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 204 patients diagnosed with sepsis and 250 healthy blood donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short DNA fragments containing the polymorphic sites of the LBP and BPI locus were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction or mismatched polymerase chain reaction. The individual polymorphisms were determined with the appropriate restriction enzyme digestions and subsequent agarose gel electrophoresis. The presence of LBP genotypes with the less frequent Gly98 allele was found to be associated with sepsis (p < .02) in male patients, but not in females. Patients which were homozygote for either of the rare Gly98 (n = 6) and/or Leu436 (n = 5) LBP alleles, furthermore, exclusively were nonsurvivors of sepsis. The genotype frequencies in the BPI gene did not differ between patients and control individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that common polymorphisms in the gene for LBP in combination with male gender are associated with an increased risk for the development of sepsis and, furthermore, may be linked to an unfavorable outcome. These data support the important immunomodulatory role of LBP in Gram-negative sepsis and suggest that genetic testing may be helpful for the identification of patients with an unfavorable response to Gram-negative infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, the University of Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hubacek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stüber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Book
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wetegrove
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006720:Homozygote; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein