title: Differential expression of molecular chaperones in brain of patients with Down syndrome.
abstract: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) in their molecular capacity as chaperones have been reported to regulate the apoptotic pathway and also play a critical role in protein conformational diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). As all Down syndrome (DS) brains display AD-like neuropathology, neuronal loss in DS was shown to be mediated by apoptosis. We decided to investigate the expression patterns of HSPs in seven brain regions of adults with DS using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Following 2-DE, approximately 120 protein spots were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization--mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) followed by quantification of the identified proteins. We unambiguously identified and quantified nine different chaperone proteins. Accordingly, all but three chaperone proteins did exhibit a significant change in expression. HSP 70 RY, heat shock cognate (HSC) 71 and glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 75 showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DS temporal cortex whereas HSP 70.1 and GRP 78 were significantly increased (P<0.05) in cerebellum. Whilst T-complex 1 (TCP-1) epsilon subunit showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in parietal cortex, a similar extent of increase (P<0.05) as that observed in cerebellum was obtained in parietal levels of GRP 78. Alpha-crystallin B, HSP 60 and GRP 94 did not show any detectable changes in expression patterns. This report presents the first approach to quantify nine different chaperones simultaneously at the protein level in different brain regions and provides evidence for aberrant chaperone expression patterns in DS. The relevance of this aberrant expression patterns are discussed in relation to the biochemical and neuropathological abnormalities in DS brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vlkolinsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Engidawork
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fountoulakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lubec
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018833:Chaperonins / Q000378:metabolism; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010449:Peptide Mapping / Q000379:methods; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D018833:Chaperonins