title: Etiology of Crohn's disease: the role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis.
abstract: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by transmural inflammation and granuloma formation. Several theories regarding the etiology of Crohn's disease have been proposed, one of which is infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis), which causes a similar disease in animals, and is present in the human food chain. Considerable evidence supports the presence of M. paratuberculosis in the intestinal tissues of many patients with Crohn's disease including culture, detection of homologous mycobacterial DNA, detection of the mycobacterial insertion sequence IS900 by both PCR and in situ hybridization in tissues, and a serologic immune response to recombinant M. paratuberculosis antigens. Despite this evidence, and our personal belief that M. paratuberculosis is a cause of Crohn's disease, widespread acceptance of this hypothesis will require evidence that specific anti-mycobacterial chemotherapy will cure the disease.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Rm 3A-320, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: El-Zaatari
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Osato
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000382:microbiology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D006099:Granuloma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004247:DNA