title: Effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and oral azosemide in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition.
abstract: The effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of azosemide were investigated after intravenous (10 mg/kg) and oral (20 mg/kg) administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats fed on 23% protein diet (control rats), and 5% protein diet with (rats with PCMC) or without (rats with PCM) oral cysteine (250 mg/kg, twice daily for the fourth week) for 4 weeks. After intravenous administration to rats with PCMC, some pharmacokinetic parameters restored fully or more than the level of control rats; the time-averaged nonrenal clearance (2.70 versus 2.32 ml/min/kg) and apparent volume of distribution at steady state (160 versus 189 ml/kg) were comparable to those in control rats, however, the terminal half-life (34.7 versus 57.2 min) and mean residence time (73.3 versus 99.3 min) were significantly shorter, area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC, 1930 versus 2680 microg min/ml) was significantly smaller, and time-averaged renal (2.24 versus 1.21 ml/min/kg) and total body (CL, 4.98 versus 3.65 ml/min/kg) clearances were significantly faster than those in control rats. This could be mainly due to significantly faster renal clearance and at least partly due to increased cytochrome P450 1A2 activity by cysteine supplementation. After intravenous administration to rats with PCMC, the total amount of 8-hr urinary excretion of unchanged azosemide was significantly greater (457 versus 305 microg/g body weight), however, the 8-hr urine output (15.3 versus 31.1 ml/g kidney) was not significantly different between control rats and rats with PCMC. This could be due to the fact that urine output seemed to reach an upper plateau from 10 mg/kg dose of azosemide in rats.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003545:Cysteine / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013424:Sulfanilamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D013777:Tetrazoles; D013876:Thiophenes; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D003545:Cysteine; D004232:Diuretics; D013424:Sulfanilamides; C018222:azosemide; D013777:Tetrazoles; D013876:Thiophenes; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides