title: Influence of hypoglycaemia, with or without caffeine ingestion, on visual sensation and performance.
abstract: Full-field visual evoked potentials and visual information processing were measured in 16 normal, healthy subjects during a hyperinsulinaemic clamp. A randomized cross-over design was used across three conditions: hypoglycaemia and caffeine; hypoglycaemia and placebo; and euglycaemia and caffeine. The latency of the P100 component of the pattern-reversal visual evoked potential increased significantly from rest to hypoglycaemia, but no effect of caffeine was found. Subjects were subsequently divided into two median groups based on the increase in P100 latency in the placebo condition (Group 1, +0.5 ms; Group 2, +5.6 ms). In the absence of caffeine, an inverse correlation between the increase in P100 latency from rest and a deterioration in visual movement detection was found for Group 2, but not for Group 1. Caffeine ingestion resulted in a further increase in P100 latency, from rest to hypoglycaemia, for subjects in Group 2. Hypoglycaemia in the absence of caffeine produces changes in visual sensation from rest to hypoglycaemia. In those subjects most sensitive to the effects of hypoglycaemia (Group 2), the increase in P100 latency was associated with poorer performance in tests of visual information processing. Caffeine ingestion produced further increases in P100 latency in these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Sciences, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, Farnborough, Hampshire GU140LX, UK. gnowen@dera.gov.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Deary
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002110:Caffeine