title: Expression of P-glycoprotein in human placenta: relation to genetic polymorphism of the multidrug resistance (MDR)-1 gene.
abstract: To evaluate whether mutations in the human multidrug resistance (MDR)-1 gene correlate with placental P-glycoprotein (PGP) expression, we sequenced the MDR-1 cDNA and measured PGP expression by Western blotting in 100 placentas obtained from Japanese women. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed with an allelic frequency of 0.005 to 0.420. Of these SNPs, G2677A (allelic frequency = 0.18) and G2677T (0.39) in exon 21 were associated with an amino acid conversion from Ala to Thr and to Ser, respectively. Sixty-one of 65 samples (93.8%), which had a C3435T allele, also had a mutant G2677(A,T) allele, suggesting an association between the two SNPs. Correlations of mutations with expression levels were observed; individuals having the G2677(A,T) and/or T-129C (p < 0.05) allele had less placental PGP. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based genotyping tests were developed for the detection of these SNPs. The PCR, in which genomic DNAs obtained from healthy subjects (n = 48) are used as samples, was successful. The frequency of mutations in placental cDNA was identical with that in genomic DNA. When genotype results were compared between Caucasians and Japanese, ethnic differences in the frequency of polymorphism in the MDR-1 gene were suspected. Although it remains to be determined whether these SNPs influence the pharmacokinetic and dynamic properties of clinically useful drugs that are substrates of PGP, the polymorphism of the MDR-1 gene presented here may provide useful information in in vivo study of these issues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ieiri
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kigawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsubo
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D019450:Genes, MDR / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1