title: Should we treat vesicoureteral reflux in patients who simultaneously undergo bladder augmentation for neuropathic bladder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  If high pressure is responsible for vesicoureteral reflux in neurogenic bladders, eliminating the high pressure should resolve reflux in noncompliant bladders. Nevertheless, the need for simultaneous ureteral reimplantation and bladder augmentation remains controversial in patients with a noncompliant bladder and vesicoureteral reflux.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bladder augmentation was performed in 8 boys and 8 girls with a noncompliant bladder and vesicoureteral reflux at a mean age of 10 years (range 2 to 17) because they had not responded satisfactorily to clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic therapy alone. No effort had been made to correct reflux surgically in these patients. Before bladder augmentation reflux was grade II to III in 4 ureters (3 patients) and IV to V in 18 (13). The bladder was augmented with intestine in 14 patients and with ureter in 2. Mean followup was 5.2 years (range 2.8 to 7.5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After bladder augmentation bladder compliance improved in all patients. Of the 18 ureters with high grade reflux 2 were used for bladder augmentation, and reflux resolved in 13, was downgraded in 1 and persisted in 2. Of the 4 ureters with low grade reflux, reflux disappeared in 2 and was down graded in 2. The rate of high and low grade vesicoureteral reflux resolution or improvement was 87.5% and 100%, respectively. At the end of the study only 3 patients had persistent reflux, which was downgraded in 2. No urinary tract infections developed in any patient and none was receiving chemoprophylaxis 6 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience indicates that antireflux procedures are not routinely needed in patients with a noncompliant bladder and associated vesicoureteral reflux who undergo bladder augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, University Hospital "La Paz", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López Pereira
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martinez Urrutia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lobato Romera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jaureguizar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*