title: Probucol inhibits lipid peroxidation of macrophage and affects its secretory properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanisms of anti-atherogenic actions of probucol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured, and treated by copper ion (10 mumol/L) and/or probucol (PBC). Lipid peroxidation was measured by assaying malondialdehyde (MDA). The cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and apolipoprotein E (apo E) secreted by monocyte were assayed by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBC 10-80 mumol/L inhibited copper ion-induced cellular lipid peroxidation from 15.30 to 7.74 mumol MDA/g cell protein. PBC 40 mumol/L inhibited oxidized macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL from 5.18 to 1.65 mumol MDA/g cell protein, and attenuated secretory properties of monocytes induced by copper ion. The release of apo E, which is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, increased by 65%. And the release of IL-1 beta, which was shown to enhance vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, decreased by 45%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Probucol inhibits lipid peroxidation of macrophages and affects their secretory properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical College, Hengyang 421001, China.
authors.forename: G X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D011341:Probucol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011341:Probucol