title: Ultrasonographic surveillance in red blood cell alloimmunization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to audit ultrasonographic measurements of fetal liver length and middle cerebral artery peak velocity in cases of red blood cell alloimmunization between 1986 and 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 fetuses at risk for anemia because of red blood cell alloimmunization underwent ultrasonographic measurement of the length of the right lobe of the liver, 45 underwent Doppler recording of middle cerebral artery peak velocity, and 119 underwent fetal blood sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall survival was 188 of 200 (94%). Among 69 fetuses found to have anemia, liver length values in 64 (93%) were at the 95th percentile or greater, and the other 5 were in the upper part of the normal range. The middle cerebral artery peak velocity was > or =95th percentile in 15 of the 19 cases of anemia in which this value was measured (79%). Among those measured within 1 week of birth, all liver lengths were at least in the upper part of the normal range, with most >95th percentile, including 1 case with a cord blood hemoglobin concentration <90 g/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All fetuses with anemia identified at fetal blood sampling had enlarged livers with 93% at > or =95th percentile. The peak velocity in the middle cerebral artery was abnormal in most fetuses with anemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland Medical School, National Women's Hospital, Epson, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Pattison
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012203:Rh Isoimmunization; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal