title: Clinical and biologic activity of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in adults with refractory and relapsed acute leukemias: a phase 1 clinical-laboratory correlative trial.
abstract: R115777 is a nonpeptidomimetic enzyme-specific inhibitor of farnesyl protein transferase (FT) that was developed as a potential inhibitor of Ras protein signaling, with antitumor activity in preclinical models. This study was a phase 1 trial of orally administered R115777 in 35 adults with poor-risk acute leukemias. Cohorts of patients received R115777 at doses ranging from 100 mg twice daily (bid) to 1200 mg bid for up to 21 days. Dose-limiting toxicity occurred at 1200 mg bid, with central neurotoxicity evidenced by ataxia, confusion, and dysarthria. Non-dose-limiting toxicities included reversible nausea, renal insufficiency, polydipsia, paresthesias, and myelosuppression. R115777 inhibited FT activity at 300 mg bid and farnesylation of FT substrates lamin A and HDJ-2 at 600 mg bid. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), an effector enzyme of Ras-mediated signaling, was detected in its phosphorylated (activated) form in 8 (36.4%) of 22 pretreatment marrows and became undetectable in 4 of those 8 after one cycle of treatment. Pharmacokinetics revealed a linear relationship between dose and maximum plasma concentration or area under the curve over 12 hours at all dose levels. Weekly marrow samples demonstrated that R115777 accumulated in bone marrow in a dose-dependent fashion, with large increases in marrow drug levels beginning at 600 mg bid and with sustained levels throughout drug administration. Clinical responses occurred in 10 (29%) of the 34 evaluable patients, including 2 complete remissions. Genomic analyses failed to detect N-ras gene mutations in any of the 35 leukemias. The results of this first clinical trial of a signal transduction inhibitor in patients with acute leukemias suggest that inhibitors of FT may have important clinical antileukemic activity. (Blood. 2001;97:3361-3369)
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. jkarp@umm.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lancet
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: End
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bol
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tidwell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liesveld
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kottke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ange
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buddharaju
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gojo
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Highsmith
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Belly
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hohl
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rybak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017368:Protein Prenylation; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015363:Quinolones; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C402769:tipifarnib