title: Hemodynamics in the left gastric vein after endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices combined with sclerotherapy.
abstract: METHODS
  We examined the changes in portal hemodynamics after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) combined with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) in relation to post-treatment relapse. The present study included 93 patients who underwent EVL-EIS combination therapy. Portal hemodynamics were examined by Doppler ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapy with EVL-EIS resulted in the complete disappearance of varices in 89 of 93 patients. Cumulative relapse-free rates (Kaplan-Meier method) were 75.8 and 50.2%, respectively, 1 and 3-5 years after treatment. At the end of treatment, the flow in the left gastric vein was examined by Doppler ultrasonography. In 50 of 63 patients, the flow remained hepatofugal. In 23 of these patients, PTP was performed at the end of treatment; selective left gastric venography did not reveal any palisade zone vessels or varices. However, fine blood vessels were seen around the lower esophagus in nine patients, only the paraesophageal vein was found in 10 patients and these two findings were present in four patients, indicating that collateral blood flow remained in the lower esophagus in 13 of 23 patients. These findings suggest that frequent relapse of varices results from insufficient blockage of blood flow from the left gastric vein to the lower esophagus. However, in patients with a patent paraesophageal vein, long-term effects obtained by EVL-EIS combination therapy were satisfactory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of the development of collateral left gastric veins represents important hemodynamic changes that predict the long-term prognosis of patients after treatment.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. mizumoto@mmc.funabashi.chiba.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizumoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsutani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuzawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saisho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D017082:Portal Pressure; D012008:Recurrence; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology