title: Long-term prognosis of breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes treated with CMF.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to study the long-term prognosis of breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes after conventional chemotherapy treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). Between 1984 and 1989, 1048 node-positive patients were treated with CMF in two separate trials conducted by the German Breast Cancer Study Group (GBSG). Subgroups either received radiotherapy or tamoxifen in addition. In this study, long-term prognosis in the subgroup of 141 patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes was investigated. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to evaluate the effect of prognostic factors on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the progesterone receptor (PR) status as the dominating prognostic factor for both EFS and OS, resulting in a strongly increased risk of more than 2-fold for receptor-negative patients. A large number of positive lymph nodes also affected the prognosis for EFS. In univariate analysis, the degree of lymph node involvement (i.e. percentage of positive nodes out of all examined nodes), oestrogen status (ER) status, and tumour grade also showed significant effects. To conclude, the prognosis in the subgroup of patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes is heterogeneous. Some surprisingly high survival rates have been observed in case series of breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy which may be explained by patient selection. From the usual factors investigated in this study, the PR status showed the strongest effect, and, at least this factor should be taken into account in the design and analysis of trials for breast cancer patients with a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany. cs@imbi.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmoor
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sauerbrei
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bastert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bojar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000401:mortality; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate