title: Contribution of cervical smooth muscle activity to the duration of latent and active phases of labour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the effect of cervical muscle activity as an additional factor influencing the duration of the latent and active phase of labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Ljubljana Maternity Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty healthy nulliparous women requiring induction of labour having relatively unripe cervices.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the onset of labour an open-ended catheter was inserted to measure intrauterine pressure during the latent and active phase of labour. Electromyographic activity of the cervix was registered by two bipolar spiral needle electrodes placed in the transverse direction on the proximal part of the cervix in the vagina. The mean intensity of distinctive peaks in an electromyographic spectrogram were calculated in the time/frequency domain. Multiple linear regression was used to find factors affecting the duration of the latent and active phase of labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duration of the latent and active phase of labour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven independent variables explained 64% of the variance of the latent phase duration, the most important being the effacement and consistency of the cervix, and intensity of electromyographic signals. For the duration of the active phase the same variables explained 36% of the variance; the most important variables were mean duration of uterine contractions, mean maximum intensity of uterine contractions and the newborn's head circumference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cervical smooth muscle activity, expressed as an electromyographic signal, contributes to the duration of the latent phase but not to the duration of the active phase. However, frequent cervical contractions are not associated with a longer latent phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pajntar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leskosek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rudel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verdenik
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013997:Time Factors; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000502:physiology