Regulation of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene expression by hormones and fatty acids.
This brief review focuses on the transcriptional regulation of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (L-CPT I) by pancreatic and thyroid hormones and by long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Both glucagon and 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) enhanced the transcription of the gene encoding L-CPT I, whereas insulin had the opposite effect. Interestingly, the transcriptional effect of T(3) required, in addition to the thyroid-responsive element, the co-operation of a sequence located in the first intron of L-CPT I gene. Non-esterified fatty acids rather than acyl-CoA ester or intra-mitochondrial metabolite were responsible for the transcriptional effect on the gene encoding L-CPT I. It was shown that LCFA and peroxisome proliferators stimulated L-CPT I gene transcription by distinct mechanisms. Peroxisome proliferator stimulated L-CPT I gene transcription through a peroxisome-proliferator-responsive element (PPRE) located at -2846 bp, whereas LCFA induced L-CPT I gene transcription through a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-independent mechanism owing to a sequence located in the first intron of the gene.
Louet
J F
JF
Centre de Recherche sur l'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et le Développement, UPR 1524 CNRS, 9 rue Jules Hetzel, 92190 Meudon, France.
Le May
C
C
Pégorier
J P
JP
Decaux
J F
JF
Girard
J
J
D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D005227:Fatty Acids; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase