title: The West Nile virus: its recent emergence in North America.
abstract: West Nile fever emerged in New York in the summer of 1999 when seven people, several horses and thousands of wild birds died. It was soon established that the human disease and the mortality of birds were related. Continued surveillance detected West Nile virus in mosquitoes, birds, horses, small mammals, bats and humans, and has shown its spread to several northeastern states. These events confirm the establishment of West Nile virus endemically in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology U-89, 61 North Eagleville Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268, USA. Garmendi@Uconnvm.Uconn.edu
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Garmendia
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Van Kruiningen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: French
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D001717:Birds; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D020308:Songbirds; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D014902:West Nile virus