title: Psychosocial assessment of living organ donors: clinical and ethical considerations.
abstract: This article outlines psychosocial and ethical issues to be considered when evaluating potential living organ donors. Six types of living donors are described: genetically related, emotionally related, "Good Samaritan" (both directed and nondirected), vendors, and organ exchangers. The primary domains to be assessed in the psychosocial evaluation are informed consent, motivation for donating and the decision-making process, adequacy of support (financial and social), behavioral and psychological health, and the donor-recipient relationship. Obstacles to the evaluation process include impression management, overt deception, minimization of behavioral risk factors, and cultural and language differences between the donor and the evaluator. Ethical concerns, such as the right to donate, donor autonomy, freedom from coercion, nonmaleficence and beneficence in donor selection, conflicts of interest, "reasonable" risks to donors, and recipient decision making are also explored. To fully evaluate living organ donation, studying psychosocial as well as medical outcomes is crucial.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va., USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Olbrisch
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Levenson
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors / Q000145:classification / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D009042:Motivation; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012944:Social Support