title: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method of urine analysis for determining human variation in carcinogen metabolism.
abstract: We developed a solid-phase extraction LC-MS-MS method for the analysis of the four major metabolites of PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) in human urine after a meal of well-done chicken. Ten volunteers each ate either 150 or 200 g of well-done chicken breast containing 9-21 microg of PhIP. Among the individual volunteers there is 8-fold variation in the total amount of metabolites and 20-fold variation in the relative amounts of individual metabolites, showing individual differences in carcinogen metabolism. PhIP metabolites were also detected in urine from a subject consuming chicken in a restaurant meal, demonstrating the method's sensitivity after real-life exposures.
authors.affiliation: Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. knize1@llnl.gov
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Knize
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kulp
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Malfatti
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Felton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007093:Imidazoles; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine