title: Nasal strips do not affect pulmonary gas exchange, anaerobic metabolism, or EIPH in exercising Thoroughbreds.
abstract: The present study was carried out to examine whether nasal strip application would improve the exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia and hypercapnia, diminish anaerobic metabolism, and modify the incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in horses. Two sets of experiments, control and nasal strip experiments, were carried out on seven healthy, sound, exercise-trained Thoroughbred horses in random order, 7 days apart. Simultaneous measurements of core temperature, arterial and mixed venous blood gases/pH, and blood lactate and ammonia concentrations were made at rest, during submaximal and near-maximal exercise, and during recovery. In both treatments, whereas submaximal exercise caused hyperventilation, near-maximal exercise induced significant arterial hypoxemia, desaturation of Hb, hypercapnia, and acidosis. However, O2 content increased significantly with exercise in both treatments, while the mixed venous blood O2 content decreased as O2 extraction increased. In both treatments, plasma ammonia and blood lactate concentrations increased significantly with exercise. Statistically significant differences between the control and the nasal strip experiments could not be discerned, however. Also, all horses experienced EIPH in both treatments. Thus our data indicated that application of an external nasal dilator strip neither improved the exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia and hypercapnia nor diminished anaerobic metabolism or the incidence of EIPH in Thoroughbred horses performing strenuous exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manohar
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D000641:Ammonia