title: [Epidemiologic situation and the fight against acute infectious diseases in Łodz at the turn of the XIX and XX century (to 1918)].
abstract: At the turn of the 19th century, in the times of partition of Poland and national servitude, acute infectious diseases raged in Łódź with a high intensity, in consequence of sanitary-hygienic negligance and bad living conditions of working class. Smallpox, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles and hooping cough were among the most services diseases. The Russian sanitary administration was obliged to fight against them, but its prophylactic and therapeutic activity was not systematic and only complementary. The epidemic threat released initiatives of the medical circle. The intensification of them took place at the beginning of 20th century. The effectiveness of the activity intensified in the years of World Wars, after the occupation of Łódź by German invaders. The responsibility for municipal affairs was taken over at that time by inhabitants, among others by doctors, who had influence on the creation of conditions for more effective fight against infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Historii Medycyny i Farmacji Akademii Medycznej w Łodzi.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare