title: Evaluating a support group for perinatal loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to determine if a support group intervention makes a difference in grief reactions of parents who have experienced a perinatal loss, and describes what parents perceived as being helpful and not helpful in handling the loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, retrospective, two-group research design was used. The independent variable was having attended or not having attended a perinatal loss support group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 121 participants (n = 67 in support groups; n = 51 not in support groups) was obtained from a mail survey to families who were on a perinatal loss support newsletter mailing list. The participants completed the Hogan Grief Reactions Checklist and a demographic questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in parents' grief reaction scores between the two groups, but there were some differences in grief scores by gender and ethnicity. In both groups, the parents perceived their spouse, their extended families, and their friends as "most helpful." Physicians were perceived as "least helpful."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grief is very individual, and not all individuals may benefit from a support group. When suggesting a support group or any intervention, timing and a caring approach are essential.
authors.affiliation: University of Akron, 209 Carroll Street, Akron, OH 44325-3701, USA. dimarco@uakron.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: DiMarco
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Menke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McNamara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006117:Grief; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016389:Maternal-Child Nursing; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People