title: Gluten challenge in borderline gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with signs and symptoms of malabsorption, suggestive of gluten-sensitive enteropathy, small intestinal biopsies sometimes only reveal infiltration of lymphocytes into the mucosal epithelium. This infiltrative lesion (Marsh I) is not a definite proof for gluten-sensitive enteropathy. However, in the present study, we aimed to show that a subgroup of these patients could ultimately be identified as being gluten sensitive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 patients with a Marsh I lesion were subjected to a gluten challenge comprising 30 g of gluten added daily to a normal gluten-containing diet for 8 wk. Before and after the challenge, small intestinal biopsies were taken, and symptoms and signs of malabsorption were scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 12 patients we demonstrated a significant change in mucosal histopathology, i.e., subtotal villous atrophy (Marsh IIIB, n = 1), partial villous atrophy (Marsh 3A, n = 6) or infiltrative-crypthyperplastic lesions (Marsh II, n = 5). In the other 26 patients, the small intestinal mucosa remained unchanged. After initiation of a gluten-free diet, follow-up small intestinal biopsies in 12 patients who initially had progressive mucosal pathology after gluten challenge showed normalization of mucosal pathology in seven cases, regression to a Marsh I lesion in four, and to a Marsh II lesion in one. Symptom relief was seen in all 12 patients. Ten of 26 patients without histological response to the gluten challenge were motivated to adhere to a gluten-free diet. Follow-up biopsies revealed unchanged Marsh I lesions in eight patients and normalization (Marsh 0) in two patients. Three patients had follow-up biopsies while on a normal diet. All had unchanged Marsh I lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study we demonstrated that a gluten challenge might be useful in identifying patients as being sensitive to gluten if initial small intestinal biopsies reveal only minor abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Crusius
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D005983:Glutens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005983:Glutens; D005903:Gliadin