title: Mae mediates MAP kinase phosphorylation of Ets transcription factors in Drosophila.
abstract: The evolutionarily conserved Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an integral part of the processes of cell division, differentiation, movement and death. Signals received at the cell surface are relayed into the nucleus, where MAPK phosphorylates and thereby modulates the activities of a subset of transcription factors. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a new component of this signal transduction pathway called Mae (for modulator of the activity of Ets). Mae is a signalling intermediate that directly links the MAPK signalling pathway to its downstream transcription factor targets. Phosphorylation by MAPK of the critical serine residue (Ser 127) of the Drosophila transcription factor Yan depends on Mae, and is mediated by the binding of Yan to Mae through their Pointed domains. This phosphorylation is both necessary and sufficient to abrogate transcriptional repression by Yan. Mae also regulates the activity of the transcriptional activator Pointed-P2 by a similar mechanism. Mae is essential for the normal development and viability of Drosophila, and is required in vivo for normal signalling of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Our study indicates that MAPK signalling specificity may depend on proteins that couple specific substrates to the kinase.
authors.affiliation: Cell Signalling Unit, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. d.baker@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mille-Baker
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ish-Horowicz
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Dibb
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019521:Body Patterning; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020043:Genes, Essential / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D010769:Phosphothreonine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C076188:AOP protein, Drosophila; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C428945:edl protein, Drosophila; C083884:pnt protein, Drosophila; D010769:Phosphothreonine; D010768:Phosphoserine; D004247:DNA; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases