title: Effect of radiation on cytokine and cytokine receptor messenger-RNA profiles in p53 wild and mutated human glioblastoma cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glioblastoma cells produce cytokines with proinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties, or both, which, in addition to altered p53 gene expression, have been shown to be associated with glioblastoma resistance to radiotherapy. The reported data concerning cytokines have been isolated and sometimes discordant, and a comprehensive profile analysis of cytokines and their corresponding receptors in irradiated glioblastomas has received limited attention. The object of this study was to test the hypothesis that radiation alone in clinically relevant doses would not significantly alter expression of endogenous cytokines and their receptors in human glioblastoma celll ines with wild-type and mutant p53.
  
  
  METHODS
  Culture specimens of 4 glioblastoma cell lines of different p53 gene expression (U87, U118, U251, U373) were irradiated with cobalt 60 at a dose of 10 Gy. After 48 hours, radiosensitivity was defined through a colony formation assay, cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry, and cytokine and cytokine receptor messenger-RNA (mRNA) profiles were defined with an RNase protection assay. Different single doses of radiation at varying time intervals after culture were applied also to wild-type p53 cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cell lines were relatively radioresistant at lower doses of 1 and 2 Gy. Immunosuppressive cytokine and cytokine receptor mRNA of the Th2 (IL-13Ralpha, IL-4) and Th3 family (TGF-beta1, 2 and 3, TGF-betaRI and RII) were expressed. In contrast, only 2 proinflammatory Th1 cytokine receptor genes (IFN-gammaRa and IFN-gammaRbeta), but no significant Th1 cytokine gene expression, were detected. Even though the population examined included a large fraction of reproductively dead cells, cytokine and cytokine receptor mRNA profiles were not altered significantly by irradiation in all cell lines, regardless of the p53 status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cobalt irradiation alone at clinically relevant doses does not significantly alter the cytokine and cytokine receptor profiles in human glioblastoma cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute/University of Alberta, Edmonton.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dabbagh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Petruk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Roa
mesh_terms: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005720:Gamma Rays; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine