title: Human neutrophils produce macrophage inhibitory protein-1beta but not type i interferons in response to viral stimulation.
abstract: Several cell types have been shown to produce type I interferons (IFN). Of human leukocytes, monocytes and especially type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2) seem to be the main producers and also have a wide spectrum of cytokine production. However, neutrophils seem to have a limited capacity for cytokine production but possess efficient defense mechanisms vs. bacterial infection by phagocytosis and degranulation. To determine whether they also have antiviral functions, IFN-alpha and IFN-beta were measured in preparations of pure neutrophils. The capacity of neutrophils to produce type I IFN is controversial. Additionally, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta were measured, as they are described to have indirect or direct antiviral activity. As stimulants, active and inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Sendai virus, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were used. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the same donors were highly reactive to viral stimulation, whereas neutrophils failed to produce IFN but produced MIP-1beta in response to NDV. We conclude that neutrophils fail to prevent viral infection by IFN production but probably possess alternative mechanisms, such as secreting MIP-1beta in response to viruses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Lübeck School of Medicine, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von der Ohe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altstaedt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rink
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007700:Kinetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology; D018108:Respirovirus / Q000276:immunology; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D007370:Interferon Type I; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor