title: Requirement for p38 and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases in RAGE-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activation and cytokine secretion.
abstract: Advanced glycation end product (AGE) activation of the signal-transducing receptor for AGE (RAGE) has been linked to a proinflammatory phenotypic change within cells. However, the precise intracellular signaling pathways involved have not been elucidated. We demonstrate here that human serum albumin modified with N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a major AGE adduct that progressively accumulates with aging, diabetes, and renal failure, induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-driven reporter gene expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells. The NF-kappaB response was blocked with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the putative ligand-binding domain of RAGE, with anti-RAGE antiserum, and by coexpression of truncated receptors lacking the intracellular domain. Signal transduction from RAGE to NF-kappaB involved the generation of reactive oxygen species, since reporter gene expression was blocked with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. CML-modified albumin produced rapid transient activation of tyrosine phosphorylation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. RAGE-mediated NF-kappaB activation was suppressed by the selective p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and by coexpression of a kinase-dead p38 dominant-negative mutant. Activation of NF-kappaB by CML-modified albumin increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) severalfold, and inhibition of p38 MAPK blocked these increases. These results indicate that p38 MAPK activation mediates RAGE-induced NF-kappaB-dependent secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and suggest that accelerated inflammation may be a consequence of cellular activation induced by this receptor.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Apoptosis Program, Texas Biotechnology Corporation, 7000 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sturgis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haidacher
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bjercke
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tilton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Denner
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014443:Tyrosine; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008239:Lysine