title: Heterogeneous distribution of single-bottle adhesive monomers in the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether monomer separation occurs in single-bottle adhesives applied on acid-etched dentin surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smear-layer covered dentin specimens produced from sound premolars, were acid-etched and analyzed by micro-MIR FTIR spectroscopy, before and after treatment with the single-bottle adhesives One-Step, Prime and Bond 2.1, Scotchbond 1 and Syntac-Sprint. The difference spectra (etched, and primed minus etched of the same dentin surfaces) were plotted and compared with original adhesive spectra. The C=C/C...C (aromatic adhesives) and C=C/C=O (aliphatic adhesives) peak area ratios were used to evaluate the extent of monomer separation relative to original adhesive spectra at the uppermost 2 microm of the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone. Three dentin specimens were used for each adhesive. One-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls tests were performed to assess the statistically significant differences (alpha=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the adhesives demonstrated separation of monomer components on etched dentin ranging in mean values from 68.7 to 81.9% relative to reference. High molecular weight hydrophobic (i.e. BisDMA, BisGMA, BisGMA adducts) and hydrophilic monomers (i.e. BPDMA) predominated at the region probed. Prime and Bond 2.1 demonstrated the highest extent of monomer separation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterogeneous monomer distribution following application to etched dentin may affect the curing performance of single-bottle adhesives within the resin infiltrated region and consequently, the mechanical and chemical stability of the network formed.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street (Goudi), 115 27, Athens, Greece. gel@internet.gr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eliades
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vougiouklakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palaghias
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D015591:Microspectrophotometry; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D016369:Smear Layer; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013499:Surface Properties; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D002244:Carbon; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D010100:Oxygen; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C103506:Bis-GMA, BPDM, HEMA dental-bonding resin; C103500:Prime & Bond; C078484:Syntac dentine adhesive; C041330:Scotchbond; C002462:4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol dimethacrylate; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds