title: Long-term interferon therapy for 1 year or longer reduces the hepatocellular carcinogenesis rate in patients with liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus: a pilot study.
abstract: METHODS
  In order to elucidate the influence of a long-term administration of interferon on the appearance rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis, we retrospectively analyzed 694 patients with cirrhosis. A total of 113 patients underwent interferon therapy, including 25 patients with a long-term administration of interferon for 1 year or more, and the other 581 patients received no antiviral drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crude cumulative appearance rates of HCC in the interferon and the untreated groups were 14.1, and 28.4% at the end of the 5th year, and 36.7 and 52.5% at the end of the 10th year, respectively (P = 0.0028). As there was a waiting time between diagnosis and treatment (median 2.0 months, average 21.3 months) in the treated group, Cox proportional hazard analysis using a time-dependent covariate was introduced to evaluate the anticarcinogenic effect of interferon. Although male sex, higher alpha-fetoprotein, older age, lower albumin concentration, and lower platelet count significantly increased the carcinogenesis rate, interferon was not a significant contributing factor to the carcinogenesis rate as a whole (hazard ratio = 0.83, P= 0.32). When the patients with interferon were divided into two groups according to therapy duration, long-term interferon therapy significantly decreased the hepatocellular carcinogenesis rate after an adjustment by significant covariates (hazard ratio = 0.28, P= 0.0048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When interferon is administered for 12 months or longer, effective cancer prevention will be achieved, even in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan. ikedakenji@tora.email.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arase
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007372:Interferons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007564:Japan; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007372:Interferons