title: Evaluation of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: comparison of cytochemical and fluorescence techniques.
abstract: The acrosome reaction, which is essential for fertilization, includes fusion and vesiculation of the plasma membrane with the outer acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa, thereby releasing the acrosomal content. Determination of the ability of spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction has proved to be a useful parameter in evaluation of infertile patients. The objective of this study was to compare cytochemical techniques, such as double stain (Giemsa/trypan blue) and triple stain (Bismarck brown/rose bengal/trypan blue), with a fluorescence method using Pisum sativum agglutinin fluorescein conjugate and Hoechst dye N degrees 33258 (double fluorescence). Whereas the cytochemical methods are easy to perform in general laboratories, the fluorescence technique requires special and costly instrumentation. In semen obtained from fertile donors, spermatozoa were selected by the swim-up technique and the acrosome reaction was induced by incubation at low temperature. The percentages of vital and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa were determined after incubation at 4 degrees C and at room temperature. No statistically significant difference was found between double fluorescence (viability 86.3%, acrosome reaction 14.7%) and triple stain (viability 85.3%, acrosome reaction 17%) (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the double stain technique showed different values for viability (70.3%) and acrosome reaction (42.5%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, triple stain yielded results similar to those obtained by the fluorescence technique in evaluating the acrosome reaction and can therefore easily be used in general or research laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Risopatrón
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miska
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction; D002470:Cell Survival; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D037121:Plant Lectins; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D037102:Lectins; D037121:Plant Lectins; C036292:pea lectin; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate