title: Body fat distribution and total body fat as risk factors for microalbuminuria in the obese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite evidence linking type of obesity with subsequent organ malfunction, such a link with renal malfunction has not been widely researched. The aim of this study was to investigate percentage of total body fat (%TBF), and body fat distribution in relation to the renal function in overweight/obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), TBF (by bioelectric impedance), and albumin excretion rate (AER) were determined in 77 subjects: 48 overweight/obese (BMI > or =27.8 for men and > or =27.3 for women) and 29 controls (BMI <27.8 for men and <27.3 for women). Obese subjects were subdivided into those (n = 33) with central fat distribution (WHR > or =0.81 for women and > or =0.92 for men) and those (n = 15) with peripheral fat distribution (WHR <0.81 for women and <0.92 for men).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obesity, irrespective of type, was significantly related to increased AER. Furthermore, in subjects who did not differ in %TBF, the age-adjusted relative risk of abnormal AER was 18 times greater in centrally obese subjects as compared with controls, while only four times greater in peripherally obese subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant difference in risk of renal malfunction was observed in individuals having the same %TBF, but differing in the distribution of this fat, with a central fat pattern being the greater risk.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mulyadi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lingard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bermingham
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology*; D001823:Body Composition; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors