title: Placebo-controlled clinical trials in multiple sclerosis: ethical considerations. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Task Force on Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in MS.
abstract: The availability of partially effective therapies for some forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) raises practical and ethical issues for future placebo-controlled clinical trials. An international Task Force of clinicians, statisticians, ethicists and regulators was convened to discuss these issues and develop consensus. The Task Force concluded that placebo-controlled clinical trials in forms of MS for which partially effective therapies exist were ethical, so long as study subjects were fully apprised of the availability of such therapies and were encouraged to pursue them outside of a clinical trial. Patients who decline to utilize available treatments, after proper education and counseling, or those that fail all therapies can be considered to have no treatment alternatives and thus may participate in a placebo-controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029-6574, USA. fred.lublin@mssm.edu
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lublin
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Reingold
mesh_terms: D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic