title: CD40 activates NF-kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and enhances chemokine secretion on activated human hepatic stellate cells.
abstract: Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main producers of extracellular matrix in the fibrotic liver and contribute to hepatic inflammation through the secretion of chemokines and the recruitment of leukocytes. This study assesses the function of CD40 on human HSCS: Activated human HSCs express CD40 in culture and in fibrotic liver, as determined by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. CD40 expression is strongly enhanced by IFN-gamma. Stimulation of CD40 with CD40 ligand (CD40L)-transfected baby hamster kidney cells induces NF-kappaB, as demonstrated by the activation of I-kappaB kinase (IKK), increased NF-kappaB DNA binding, and p65 nuclear translocation. CD40-activated IKK also phosphorylates a GST-p65 substrate at serine 536 in the transactivation domain 1. Concomitant with the activation of IKK, CD40L-transfected baby hamster kidney cell treatment strongly activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase. CD40 activation increases the secretion of IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by HSCs 10- and 2-fold, respectively. Adenovirally delivered dominant negative (dn) IKK2 and TNFR-associated factor 2dn inhibit IKK-mediated GST-I-kappaB and GST-p65 phosphorylation, NF-kappaB binding, and IL-8 secretion, whereas IKK1dn and NF-kappaB-inducing kinase dominant negative do not have inhibitory effects. We conclude that the CD40-CD40L receptor-ligand pair is involved in a cross-talk between HSCs and immune effector cells that contributes to the perpetuation of HSC activation in liver fibrosis through TNFR-associated factor 2- and IKK2-dependent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schwabe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schnabl
authors.forename: Y O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Kweon
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000276:immunology; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011506:Proteins; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases