Cerebral representations for egocentric space: Functional-anatomical evidence from caloric vestibular stimulation and neck vibration.
The internal representation of space involves the integration of different sensory inputs-visual, somatosensory/proprioceptive, vestibular-yielding reference frames which are not based on individual peripheral sensory codes, being organized instead in ego-centred (e.g. head, trunk, arm) and object- or environment-centred coordinates. Lateralized or direction-specific stimulation of peripheral sensory systems, such as caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS), posterior neck muscle mechanical vibration (NV) and optokinetic stimulation, can induce a distortion of egocentric coordinates, causing, for example, a deviation of the subjective straight ahead in pointing tasks. Appropriate forms of this stimulation can also temporarily improve a variety of pathological manifestations of unilateral neglect. We used PET measurements of regional cerebral blood flow changes in normal volunteers to measure the brain responses shared by CVS and NV. We show that somatosensory areas of the perisylvian cortex including the insula and retroinsular cortex, the temporoparietal junction and somatosensory area II receive signals from both sensory channels. We propose that these anatomical sites contribute to egocentric representation of space.
Bottini
G
G
Laboratorio di Neuropsicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Ospedale Niguarda cà Granda, Milan, Italy. g.bottini@unipv.it
Karnath
H O
HO
Vallar
G
G
Sterzi
R
R
Frith
C D
CD
Frackowiak
R S
RS
Paulesu
E
E
D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002150:Caloric Tests; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D014732:Vibration