title: Elevated cytokine and chemokine levels and prolonged pulmonary airflow resistance in a murine Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia model: a microbiologic, histologic, immunologic, and respiratory plethysmographic profile.
abstract: Because Mycoplasma pneumoniae is hypothesized to play an important role in reactive airway disease/asthma, a comprehensive murine model of M. pneumoniae lower respiratory infection was established. BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated once with M. pneumoniae and sacrificed at 0 to 42 days postinoculation. All mice became infected and developed histologic evidence of acute pulmonary inflammation, which cleared by 28 days postinoculation. By contrast, M. pneumoniae persisted in the respiratory tract for the entire 42 days studied. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, interleukin-6 (IL-6), KC (functional IL-8), MIP-1alpha, and MCP-1/JE concentrations were significantly elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage samples, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations were not significantly elevated. Pulmonary airflow resistance, as measured by plethysmography, was detected 1 day postinoculation and persisted even after pulmonary inflammation had resolved at day 28. Serum anti-M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G titers were positive in all mice by 35 days. This mouse model provides a means to investigate the immunopathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection and its possible role in reactive airway disease/asthma.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-9063, USA. Robert.Hardy@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wordemann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cassell
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramilo
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines