title: Subcutaneous whole-body radionuclide venography using Tc-99m in vivo tagged red blood cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accurate diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is essential to prevent its complications and to initiate appropriate treatment. Doppler ultrasound (DUS), contrast venography, and intravenous radionuclide venography have been used for many years to detect DVT. However, obtaining venous access in the foot for injection of contrast agent can be difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors introduce the technique of subcutaneous radionuclide venography using Tc-99m in vivo tagged red blood cells and compare it with DUS, a widely used method. Sixty patients (120 lower extremities) underwent subcutaneous radionuclide venography and DUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concordance rate was 94% in the femoral veins and 95% in the popliteal veins. Subcutaneous radionuclide venography revealed 10 iliac vein thromboses and 2 inferior vena cava thromboses that were not detected by DUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous radionuclide venography is a useful alternative method for detecting DVT. It is particularly valuable for evaluating DVT in the iliac veins and in the inferior vena cava.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York Methodist Hospital and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA. dcydavidyang@netscape.net
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ratani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalani
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Joyce Chen
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magzadeh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ilkhanizadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013667:Technetium; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D013667:Technetium