title: The water extract of Samultang protects the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced damage and nitric oxide production of C6 glial cells via down-regulation of NF-kappaB.
abstract: Samultang has been traditionally used for treatment of ischemic heart and brain diseases in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which Samultang rescues the myocardial and neuronal cells from ischemic damage. This study was designed to evaluate whether the water extract of Samultang may modulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS and PMA treated-C6 glial cells to protect the cells from NO-induced cytotoxicity. C6 glial cells treated with both LPS and PMA significantly produced a large amount of NO compared to untreated, PMA, or LPS-treated cells. In parallel with NO production, cotreatment of LPS and PMA induced the severe apoptotic death of C6 glial cells. However, Samultang significantly reduced both cell death and NO production by LPS/PMA in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the modulatory effects of Samultang on LPS/PMA-induced cytotoxicity and NO production could be mimicked by exogenous treatments of N(G)MMA, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a strong NF-kappaB inhibitor. Treatment of C6-glial cells with LPS/PMA induced the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB, which was markedly inhibited by Samultang. Taken together, we suggest that the protective effects of Samultang against LPS/PMA-induced cytotoxicity may be mediated by the suppression of NO synthesis via down-regulation of NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C431789:samultang; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate