title: Radiation exposure in multi-slice CT of the heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess radiation exposure of patients undergoing Multi-Row Detector CT (Multi-Slice CT, MSCT) of the heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four different cardiac MSCT protocols with changing slice collimation (4 x 1, and 4 x 2.5 mm), and pitch-factor (1.5, 1.8, and 4) were examined. An anthropomorphic Alderson-Rando phantom was equipped with LiF-thermoluminescent dosimeters at several organ sites, and effective doses were calculated using ICRP-weighting factors. These data were compared to data from standard MSCT of chest and abdomen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effective dose in different protocols for cardiac MSCT varies from 2.8 to 10.3 mSv (male), and from 3.6 to 12.7 mSv (female). In protocols with thin collimation and low pitch or a combination of several heart examinations, radiation exposure may be comparable to the effective dose of standard MSCT of the chest (male: 11.9 mSv, female: 12.9 mSv) or the abdomen (male: 16.1 mSv, female: 15.7 mSv). Highest organ doses were found for the female breast (up to 46.6 mGy), and the lungs (up to 36.4 mGy) with surface doses as high as 54.3 mGy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac MSCT adds significantly to the radiation exposure of patients and can reach the effective dose applied by standard MSCT of chest or abdomen.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf. cohnen@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohnen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Püttmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ewen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mödder
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000528:radiation effects; D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects; D003106:Colon / Q000528:radiation effects; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004947:Esophagus / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000528:radiation effects; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010053:Ovary / Q000528:radiation effects; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011830:Radiation Effects; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D013270:Stomach / Q000528:radiation effects; D013737:Testis / Q000528:radiation effects; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects