title: Resolution of rhinocerebral zygomycosis associated with adjuvant administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: We successfully treated 3 consecutive patients who had nonneutropenic rhinocerebral zygomycosis, by use of subcutaneous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy combined with traditional surgical and medical treatment. All patients are currently free of disease. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor should be considered as adjuvant therapy for rhinocerebral zygomycosis; however, optimum dose and length of therapy are unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Garcia-Diaz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palau
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pankey
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor