title: Bax expression in benign and malignant thyroid tumours: dysregulation of wild-type P53 is associated with a high Bax and P21 expression in thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: The purpose of our study was to determine the expression of the pro-apoptotic BAX protein in relation to the mutational status of BAX and p53 (as transcriptional activator of the BAX gene) in benign and malignant thyroid tissue. In 47 patients with thyroid tumours (14 follicular and 3 papillary carcinomas, 14 adenomas and 16 goitres), the DNA was screened for mutations of BAX (exon 1-6) and p53 (exon 5-8) by single-strand conformation polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR). Furthermore, the protein expression of BAX, p53 and p21 (which is also increased transcriptionally by p53) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Surprisingly, we observed elevated BAX levels in patients with thyroid carcinomas compared with patients with adenomas (unpaired t-test: p<0.05) or with goitres (p<0.02). This is in clear contrast to other carcinomas where BAX is frequently inactivated which correlates to a poor prognosis (Sturm et al. J. Clin. Oncol. 1999;17:1364-74.). There were no significant differences of the BAX levels between goitres or the adenomas. In the SSCP-PCR analysis, no BAX mutations were detectable. P53 mutation analysis by SSCP-PCR did not reveal any functional p53 mutations in the patients with carcinomas, adenomas or goitres. Nevertheless, patients with carcinomas showed an overexpression (preferentially cytoplasmic) of p53 protein compared with patients with benign tumours (p<0.05). The absence of p53 mutations suggests that the overexpressed p53 is wild type. This is in line with the expression profile of BAX and p21, which showed a higher protein expression in these p53 positive tumours (p<0.05 in the carcinomas compared with the non-malignant lesions). Consequently, the overexpressed p53 might be a correlate for dysregulation without loss of function. This, in turn, might be a reason for the good outcome of some patients with thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Campus Berlin-Buch, Humboldt University, Berlin-Buch, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mrozek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klosterhalfen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hauptmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dörken
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D006042:Goiter / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)