title: Oxidative state and histological changes in muscles of mastication after conditioning training.
abstract: Stress due to endurance training of striated muscles leads to adaptive changes in the distribution of muscle fiber types (i.e. ratio of type I and type II fibers). Moreover, severe training leads to tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress in muscles. In the current study, we examined the relationship between histological changes and oxidative state in muscles of mastication during the acute adaptation phase to a sustained muscle load. Six domestic pigs received build-ups on the molar teeth in order to induce a sustained load of the muscles of mastication for a duration of four weeks. Afterwards the masseter (M1, M2, M3), medial pterygoid (PM), temporal (TP1, TP2), and geniohyoid muscles (GH) were removed and the fiber type distribution was determined by enzyme histochemistry. Additionally, the tissue content of glutathione and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products were measured. The above treatment led to muscle fiber transformation of type II into type I (M1, M2, TP2, PM) and a decrease of the GSH content (M1, M2 and TP2). The changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio were in accordance with the changes in proportions of muscle fiber types, with the lowest GSH/GSSG ratios in the most stressed muscles of the treated animals. No significant changes in LPO products were found. The decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio in the most stressed muscles indicates an increased intracellular oxidative stress, which may be caused by tissue hypoxia during the chronic phase of muscle adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Technical University of Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gedrange
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupp
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harzer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009218:Myosins / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D009218:Myosins; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide