title: Male depression and suicide.
abstract: Based on the experiences of the Gotland Study that education of general practitioners about depressive illness resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of female suicides, leaving the rate of male suicides almost unaffected, we propose the concept of a male depressive syndrome. This syndrome comprises a low stress tolerance, an acting-out behavior, a low impulse control, substance abuse and a hereditary loading of depressive illness, alcoholism and suicide. This notion is supported by data from The Amish study as well as the concept of van Praag of a stress-precipitated, cortisol-induced, serotonin-related and anxiety-driven depressive illness most often seen in males. In order to identify depressed males, the Gotland Male Depression Scale has been developed. Some preliminary data using the scale in a group of alcohol-dependant patients are presented.
authors.affiliation: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Molndal, Sweden. jan.walinder@beta.telenordia.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wålinder
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rutzt
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D005194:Family Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000092864:Suicide Prevention