title: Prospective evaluation of the systemic immune response following abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in serum levels of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) correlate directly with extent of tissue damage and inflammatory reaction. We therefore prospectively compared the postoperative levels of IL-6 and CRP following abdominal (AH), vaginal (VH), and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 patients were included in the study (10 VH, 10 LAVH, 9 AH). Nine blood samples were taken from each patient at various time points before, during, and after surgery. CRP and IL-6 were measured under standardized conditions using ELISA and turbidometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative levels of IL-6 and CRP were low in all three patient groups. There was a significant increase in the IL-6 level in patients undergoing AH at the time of peritoneal closure that reached a maximum 2 h postoperatively and remained significantly elevated for 12 h postoperatively when compared to the IL-6 levels of patients undergoing VH or LAVH (p < 0.05). The levels of the IL-6 time courses differed significantly among the three operative procedures (p = 0.013). In contrast, the levels of the CRP time courses did not differ significantly (p = 0.066); however, CRP expression was elevated 36 h postoperatively in patients undergoing AH, as compared with those undergoing VH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated IL-6 levels subsequent to AH may reflect significantly greater tissue damage in these patients than in patients who undergo VH or LAVH. LAVH should therefore be considered in cases that cannot be managed by the vaginal route alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Buchweitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller-Steinhardt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kressin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyhöfer-Malik
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein