title: Novel proteasome inhibitor PS-341 inhibits activation of nuclear factor-kappa B, cell survival, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: We have shown that activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) promotes cell survival and expression of cytokines such as growth-regulated oncogene-alpha, which can modulate angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Activation of NF-kappa B and cytoprotective genes in cancer may result from signal-induced phosphorylation and proteasome-dependent degradation of inhibitor-kappa B. In this study, we examined the effects of the novel proteasome inhibitor PS-341 on activation of NF-kappa B and cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis in murine and human SCC cell lines. PS-341 inhibited activation of NF-kappa B DNA binding and functional reporter activity at concentrations between 10(-8) and 10(-7) M. Cytotoxicity was observed at 10(-7) M in four murine and two human SCC lines, and followed early cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a marker of caspase-mediated apoptosis. In vivo, PS-341 inhibited growth of murine and human SCC in mice at doses of 1--2 mg/kg given three times weekly, and dose-limiting toxicity was encountered at 2 mg/kg. Tumor growth inhibition was associated with a marked decrease in vessel density. PS-341 inhibited expression of the proangiogenic cytokines growth-regulated oncogene-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor by SCC in the range at which PS-341 inhibits NF-kappa B. We conclude that PS-341 inhibits activation of NF-kappa B pathway components related to cell survival, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in SCC.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sunwoo
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crowl Bancroft
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sausville
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Waes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex