title: Spatio-temporal expression of trefoil peptide following severe gastric ulceration in the rat implicates it in late-stage repair processes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The trefoil peptide (TFF1) is a member of a family of mucin-associated regulatory peptides that are widely distributed in gastrointestinal tissues and have been implicated in the maintenance of the gastric mucosa. The role of TFF1 in gastric mucosal repair was examined by analysis of the spatio-temporal expression of TFF1 following gastric ulceration in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by application of glacial acetic acid to the serosa of the fundus. At various time points post injury (0-28 days), macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gastric mucosa was performed. In addition, the spatio-temporal expression of TFF1 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were identified by immunohistochemistry, TFF1 message by in situ hybridization, and acidic/neutral secreting mucins by Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal rat gastric tissue, TFF1 peptide and mRNA were expressed in mucosal cells of the superficial epithelium. Trefoil peptide and mRNA were significantly induced between 4 and 28 days post ulceration, with expression extending beyond the superficial epithelium and being localized to acidic mucin-producing cells deep within the repairing mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spatio-temporal expression of TFF1 mRNA and peptide following macroscopic repair implicates TFF1 as a potential mediator of late stage-repair processes. Whether this is through direct stimulation of cellular differentiation or the enhancement of mucosal protective properties through an interaction with gastric mucins remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne at Western Hospital, Footscray, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulaganathan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Familari
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Yeomans
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D009077:Mucins / Q000032:analysis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051838:TFF1 protein, human; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins