title: How to measure the effects of fluoride treatments in clinical trials? Assessment: modern versus traditional methods.
abstract: In recent years there has been a pronounced change in the epidemiology and disease pattern of dental caries. In the current context, traditional methods of caries assessment, discriminating lesions at cavitation, are clinically inappropriate, and obsolete for research requiring detection of a very early phase of mineral loss. Modern prospective caries studies require sensitive methods permitting the measurement of small changes in tooth mineral content, and objective, quantitative measurements of such changes are now possible in a single caries lesion. For longitudinal studies there are noninvasive methods for assessment of new lesions as well as quantitative changes (progression or regression) in existing lesions. Among as yet unresolved issues are improved methods to assess the current activity of a lesion, methods for detection and quantification of secondary caries and root caries, calibration of methodologies between different research institutes, and methods capable of assessment of the whole continuum in the development of a caries lesion, from initial loss of mineral to cavitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. Birgit.Angmar-Mansson@ofa.ki.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Angmar-Månsson
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D017213:Root Caries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides