title: Tumor necrosis factor-dependent adhesions as a major protective mechanism early in septic peritonitis in mice.
abstract: The occurrence of peritoneal adhesions in surgical patients is positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels. In a model of septic peritonitis-cecal ligation and puncture-TNF neutralization prevented formation of peritoneal adhesions and increased mortality, most likely because localization of the septic focus was prevented. To discriminate between the coagulation-independent protective TNF effect and a potential protective procoagulant TNF effect, formation of peritoneal adhesions after CLP was inhibited with heparin, hirudin, or urokinase. Each treatment increased mortality and increased the number of bacteria in the peritoneal lavage fluid, kidney, and liver to various degrees. Under these experimental conditions, antibiotics prevented death. In coagulation-compromised mice, lethality was further enhanced by additional TNF neutralization. These findings demonstrate that peritoneal adhesions early in septic peritonitis are an important mechanism of innate immunity that prevents increased spread of bacteria and reduces mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tumor Immunology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Echtenacher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weigl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lehn
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Männel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006629:Hirudins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006629:Hirudins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006493:Heparin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator