title: Hyperfibrinolytic activity in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in a referral liver unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased frequency of hyperfibrinolytic activity was reported in patients with cirrhosis. However, the incidence, clinical presentation, and the parameters related to hyperfibrinolysis remain largely unknown in these patients. By utilizing euglobulin lysis time (ELT) and other clinical coagulation tests, the present study investigated the incidence of and clinical parameters related to hyperfibrinolytic activity, and assessed predicting factors to epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) treatment in cirrhotic patients with hyperfibrinolysis in a liver unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 86 consecutive patients who were referred and admitted to a referral liver unit for various liver diseases. The mean age was 50.0 yr, with a male: female ratio of 60:26. Sixty-six patients (76.7%) were Hispanic and 75 (87.2%) were cirrhotic. The etiologies of liver diseases included alcoholic liver disease (n = 68, 79.1%), hepatitis B (n = 2, 2.3%), hepatitis C (n = 6, 7.0%), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 3, 3.5%), cryptogenic liver disease (n = 4, 4.7%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3, 3.5%). Coagulation studies included ELT, PT, PTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and fibrin degradation product levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperfibrinolytic activity as reflected by shortened ELT was present in 27/75 cirrhotic (31.3%) but 0/11 noncirrhotic patients, which was significantly correlated with higher Child-Pugh (C-P) class, abnormal levels of PT, PTT, fibrinogen, platelet count, and total bilirubin. Shortened ELT was more frequently seen in patients with hepatic decompensation and mucocutaneous bleeding, although these relationships were not statistically significant. In 27 patients with hyperfibrinolysis, five (18.5%) required EACA treatment for progressive mucocutaneous bleeding and/or hematoma. EACA treatment was significantly associated with higher C-P scores; greatly shortened ELT (< or =50% of normal value); and abnormal levels of fibrinogen, total bilirubin, and PT, indicating that these factors may serve as predictors for EACA treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperfibrinolytic activity was seen in 31.3% of patients with cirrhosis, which is correlated with higher C-P scores; abnormal PT, PTT, fibrinogen level, and platelet count; and hyperbilirubinemia. Patients who received EACA treatment usually have a more severe hyperfibrinolytic activity as indicated by shortened ELT and low level of fibrinogen, and more severe liver disease as indicated by higher C-P scores and hyperbilirubinemia.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, California 92354, USA.
authors.forename: K Q
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tiyyagura
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Redeker
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012017:Referral and Consultation
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid