title: Establishment of an in vitro reporter gene assay for developmental cardiac toxicity.
abstract: This study is based on the unique potential of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate in vitro into embryoid bodies containing cell lineages representative of most cell types found in the mammalian fetus. However, the use of wild type ES cells as an in vitro assay for embryotoxicological studies is complicated by the simultaneous development of various cellular phenotypes. This prevents a quantitative assessment of drug effects on one specific cell type. Here we report the effects of 15 chemicals on cardiac differentiation as determined by various specific toxicological endpoints such as morphological inspection (contractile activity), quantitative mRNA analysis and cardiac-specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP), used as a quantitative reporter. The data from the different endpoints have been subjected to a statistical analysis, and a preliminary prediction model is proposed. The results demonstrate that genetically-engineered ES cells could provide a valuable tool for estimating the developmental cardiotoxic potential of compounds in vitro and form the basis for automated analysis in a high-throughput system.
authors.affiliation: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, ECVAM, 21020, Ispra, Italy. susanne.bremer@jrc.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Worth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paparella
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bigot
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kolossov
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hescheler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balls
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes