title: Additive hypotensive and anti-albuminuric effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin receptor antagonism in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: Angiotensin II plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, but it remains controversial as to the best approach to effectively block the actions of this hormone in the kidney. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of long-term treatment (8 months) with a combination of an angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, irbesartan (15 mg/kg per day), and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril (100 mg/kg per day), in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. Captopril treatment reduced blood pressure (163+/-3 mmHg versus diabetic 201+/-3 mmHg), but not albumin excretion rate (43.8x//1.3 mg/day versus diabetic 46.8x//1.4 mg/day). Irbesartan treatment was associated with a similar reduction in blood pressure (173+/-3 mmHg) to captopril, and albumin excretion rate was reduced (14x//1.5 mg/day). The combination of irbesartan and captopril induced further reductions in blood pressure (140+/-3 mmHg) and albumin excretion rates (4.0x//1.5 mg/day). Gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 was reduced by all treatments to a similar level as assessed by in situ hybridization. These results demonstrate the additive hypotensive and anti-albuminuric effects of an ACE inhibitor and an AT1 receptor, suggesting that combination therapy is an approach not only more effective at reducing blood pressure, but also at retarding the development of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg West 3081, Victoria, Australia. cao@austin.unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000517:prevention & control; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015870:Gene Expression; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077405:Irbesartan; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013777:Tetrazoles; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D002216:Captopril; D012083:Renin; D000077405:Irbesartan