title: AG-041R, a gastrin/CCK-B antagonist, stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and metabolism in vitro.
abstract: A newly synthesized compound, AG-041R, 3R-1-(2,2Diethoxyethyl)-3-((4methylphenyl) amino-carbonylmethyl)-3-((4methylphenyl)ureido-indoline-2-one), is a cholecyctokinin-B/gastrin receptor antagonist, but unexpectedly magnified cartilage formation in vivo. Indeed, AG-041R is a potentially effective reagent for the repair of articular cartilage defects. To clarify its effects on chondrocytes, we studied the proliferation, matrix formation, and gene expression of rabbit primary chondrocytes cultured in type I collagen gel composites with AG-041R. Both proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis were stimulated with 1 microM AG-041R, but suppressed with 10 microM. The ratio of the amounts of two chondroitin sulfate isomers, chondroitin-6-sulfate to chondroitin-4-sulfate (an indicator of cartilage maturation), increased with 1 microM but decreased with 10 microM AG-041R. Gene expression analysis showed there was no change in the relative expression levels of chondrocyte markers, Type II collagen and Aggrecan, and osteoblast and adipocyte markers, Type I collagen and PPARgamma, respectively. These findings suggest that adequate concentrations of AG-041R stimulate proliferation of chondrocytes in the matrix, without changing their differentiated characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane Medical University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan. mitsuo@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishi
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics*; D011817:Rabbits; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C109755:AG-041R; D053674:Aggrecans; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D007211:Indoles; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003094:Collagen