title: Voltammetric analysis of heterogeneity in metal ion binding by humics.
abstract: The complexation of Cd, Pb, and Cu by fulvic acids at a fixed pH and ionic strength is studied by means of different voltammetric techniques at any metal-to-ligand ratio. When using Reverse Pulse Polarography (RPP) the complex species are electrochemically labile and not subject to significant electrodic adsorption. RPP titrations of fulvic acid with metal ions are interpreted on the basis of a recently proposed analytical expression for limiting currents valid for fully labile heterogeneous complexation. The voltammetric data are transformed into the corresponding binding curve, i.e., the fraction of occupied sites vs free metal concentration. Finally, the competition between metal ions and protons in their interaction with the fulvic binding sites as well as the concomitant polyelectrolytic effects are analyzed in terms of the NICCA-Donnan model. The results show that voltammetric techniques can be applied to the studies of heterogeneous complex systems in a broad range of metal-to-ligand ratios.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. paco@apolo.qui.ub.es
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berbel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Cruz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ariño
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Garcés
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puy
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D008024:Ligands; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008024:Ligands; D011522:Protons; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; C005023:fulvic acid