Prognostic and predictive factors in primary breast cancer and their role in patient management: The Nottingham Breast Team.
Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma amongst women in the Western world, yet there are now encouraging signs that improvements in mortality may be a realistic target. Increasing breast awareness amongst women due to better health education can lead to earlier clinical detection. In addition, population screening with mammography can achieve a significant improvement in survival. With significant changes in the range and type of therapeutic options available for patients with breast cancer, there is now a trend towards patients exercising their right in management and therapeutic decisions. All these developments highlight the increasing importance of prognostic and predictive factors in the management of patients with breast cancer. In this review we will discuss current prognostic and predictive factors with particular emphasis on those of relevance in routine histopathology, especially with respect to their clinical applications.
Rampaul
R S
RS
Department of Surgery, City Hospital, Nottingham NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK.
Pinder
S E
SE
Elston
C W
CW
Ellis
I O
IO
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011322:Primary Prevention; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom