title: Impaired DNA damage response in cells expressing an exon 11-deleted murine Brca1 variant that localizes to nuclear foci.
abstract: Both human and mouse cells express an alternatively spliced variant of BRCA1, BRCA1-Delta11, which lacks exon 11 in its entirety, including putative nuclear localization signals. Consistent with this, BRCA1-Delta11 has been reported to reside in the cytoplasm, a localization that would ostensibly preclude it from playing a role in the nuclear processes in which its full-length counterpart has been implicated. Nevertheless, the finding that murine embryos bearing homozygous deletions of exon 11 survive longer than embryos that are homozygous for Brca1 null alleles suggests that exon 11-deleted isoforms may perform at least some of the functions of Brca1. We have analyzed both the full-length and the exon 11-deleted isoforms of the murine Brca1 protein. Our results demonstrate that full-length murine Brca1 is identical to human BRCA1 with respect to its cell cycle regulation, DNA damage-induced phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and association with Rad51. Surprisingly, we show that endogenous Brca1-Delta11 localizes to discrete nuclear foci indistinguishable from those found in wild-type cells, despite the fact that Brca1-Delta11 lacks previously defined nuclear localization signals. However, we further show that DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of Brca1-Delta11 is significantly reduced compared to full-length Brca1, and that gamma irradiation-induced Rad51 focus formation is impaired in cells in which only Brca1-Delta11 is expressed. Our results suggest that the increased viability of embryos bearing homozygous deletions of exon 11 may be due to expression of Brca1-Delta11 and suggest an explanation for the genomic instability that accompanies the loss of full-length Brca1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sarkisian
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Master
authors.forename: C X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Chodosh
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495153:RAD51 protein, human; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase; C495154:Rad51 protein, mouse