title: Regulation of FRTL-5 thyroid cell growth by phosphatidylinositol (OH) 3 kinase-dependent Akt-mediated signaling.
abstract: Thyrotropin (TSH)-initiated cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase in FRTL-5 thyroid cells requires serum, insulin, or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and involves activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, geranylgeranylation of RhoA, p27Kip1 degradation, and activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2. In the present report, we show that the serine-threonine kinase Akt is an important mediator of insulin/IGF-1/serum effects on cell cycle progression in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. The phosphoinositol (OH) 3 kinase inhibitors, Wortmannin (WM) and Ly294002 (LY), block the ability of insulin/IGF-1 to reduce p27 expression, to induce expression of cyclins E, D1, and A as well as cdk 2 and 4, and to phosphorylate retinoblastoma protein. They also inhibit insulin/IGF-1-increased DNA synthesis and cell cycle entrance (S+G2/M). Insulin/IGF-1 rapidly induced activation of Aktl in a PI3 kinase-dependent manner, and increased Aktl RNA levels. Most importantly, FRTL-5 cells transfected with a constitutively active form of Aktl have higher basal rates of DNA synthesis and no longer require exogenous insulin/IGF-1 or serum for TSH-induced growth. In sum, Aktl appears to have an important role in insulin/IGF-1 regulation of FRTL-5 thyroid cell growth and cell cycle progression.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tatsumo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ringel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000166:cytology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D013972:Thyrotropin; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat