title: Removal of divalent heavy metal mixtures from water by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using crossflow microfiltration.
abstract: The removal of heavy metal ions, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as carriers in a crossflow microfiltration is investigated. The effects of yeast cell and electrolyte concentrations on the transient and steady-state permeate flux and metal ion rejections are established. It is found that the metal ion rejection reaches a plateau if yeast cell concentration is greater than approximately 2 g/l as a result of cell aggregation. The binding affinity of the metals to yeast cell is Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+, which is also reflected in the metal ion rejection under identical process conditions. Because of the formation of yeast cell flocks in the presence of Pb2+, permeate flux is also higher for this metal. The presence of NaCl decreases both rejection and permeate flux for Ni2+ and Cu2+ but not for Pb2+. When binary or ternary metal mixtures are used, the rejection of the individual metals is reduced except that of Pb2+. It is found that the pseudo-gel concentration is unaffected by the presence of metal ions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Bayhan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keskinler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cakici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levent
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akay
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical