title: Intraoperative gamma probe localization of parathyroid adenomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an effort to reduce operative time, improve diagnostic accuracy, and decrease perioperative morbidity, we combined preoperative technetium Tc 99m-sestamibi localization with the use of the gamma probe intraoperatively. This report examines our experience with the gamma probe for rapid intraoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all patients who underwent parathyroid exploration with the aid of the gamma probe at Lenox Hill Hospital (New York, NY).
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts were reviewed for operative details, radiological findings, and pathological diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between November 1, 1998, and June 30, 2000, 35 parathyroid explorations were performed with the aid of the gamma probe. The preoperative localization study was accurate in 34 of 35 cases. The gamma probe successfully identified the parathyroid adenoma in 33 of 35 cases. There were two false-positive cases in which the gamma probe mistakenly identified a thyroid adenoma rather than a parathyroid adenoma. In 11 of 35 cases, the gamma probe was judged essential for rapid localization of the parathyroid adenoma. These cases included patients with multiple or ectopic adenomas and patients who had previous parathyroid surgery. Average operative time to remove parathyroid disease was 80 minutes (range, 45-140 min), which included 20 to 40 minutes waiting for frozen-section results. All patients became normocalcemic, and there were no major complications in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gamma probe is a useful tool that complements a well-performed localization study. It is most useful in patients who have multiple or ectopic adenomas or have had prior parathyroid surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komisar
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000601:surgery; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi