title: Association of vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms with bone mass in postmenopausal Korean women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphism and bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms at the VDR FokI and ER PvuII and XbaI gene sites, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen, and BMD at the lumbar spine and proximal femur were analyzed in 229 postmenopausal Korean women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of ER PvuII and XbaI and VDR FokI restriction fragment length polymorphisms was as follows: pp 39.3%, Pp 46.3%, PP 14.4%, xx 34.1%, Xx 61.1%, XX 4.8%. ff 17.0%, Ff 43.7%, and FF 39.3%, respectively (upper-case letters signify the absence, and lower-case letters signify the presence of the restriction site). After adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, body mass index, and menopause duration, ER PvuII was independently associated with BMD at the lumbar spine and XbaI polymorphism BMD at the femoral neck. The lumbar spine BMD in the pp genotype was 7.5% lower than in the PP genotype, and the femoral neck BMD was 4.8% lower in the Xx genotype than in the xx genotype. By itself, the VDR FokI polymorphism was not related to BMD, but by combining the FokI genotype (FF) with ER genotypes, such as ppxx and the PpXx, the difference in the BMD at the Ward's triangle became significant. There were no significant differences in the levels of biochemical markers between the genotypes of three polymorphisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ER polymorphisms, singly and in relation to VDR FokI polymorphism, influence bone mass in Korean women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017698:Postmenopause; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase