title: Circadian variation of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, cortisol and fluid balance in the goat.
abstract: Circadian variation of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cortisol and fluid balance was studied in ten adult female goats. The concentrations of plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH), electrolytes, creatinine and total protein, as well as plasma and urine osmolalities and renal electrolyte excretion and clearances (Cosm, CH2O, Ccrea), were used to evaluate fluid balance. At 3-h intervals, urine was collected from five goats and venous blood samples from all ten goats. Urethral catheterization had no effect on the results. Besides the lower plasma creatinine level in the dark than in daylight, no other changes were observed in relation to luminousness. Plasma concentrations of ANP, ADH, total protein and K, urine flow rate and osmolality, urine concentrations of Na, K and creatinine, renal Na and K excretion, Cosm, CH2O and Ccrea, and haematocrit showed no circadian variation. Circadian variation was observed in plasma osmolality (P < 0.05) and the concentrations of Na (P < 0.05) and creatinine (P < 0.05), with achrophases around 16:00 hours and nadirs between 01:00 and 07:00 hours. Changes in osmolality and Na followed the feeding schedule. There was a small elevation in plasma cortisol levels in six goats after midnight, which may be the consequence of circadian rhythm. In conclusion, the results suggest that in plasma ANP no circadian rhythm exists.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Kokkonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riskilä
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roihankorpi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soveri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D006400:Hematocrit; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014556:Urine; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D014667:Vasopressins; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium; D006854:Hydrocortisone