title: Characterization of adenylyl cyclase isoforms in rat peripheral pulmonary arteries.
abstract: Activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC), of which there are 10 diversely regulated isoforms, is important in regulating pulmonary vascular tone and remodeling. Immunohistochemistry in rat lungs demonstrated that AC2, AC3, and AC5/6 predominated in vascular and bronchial smooth muscle. Isoforms 1, 4, 7, and 8 localized to the bronchial epithelium. Exposure of animals to hypoxia did not change the pattern of isoform expression. RT-PCR confirmed mRNA expression of AC2, AC3, AC5, and AC6 and demonstrated AC7 and AC8 transcripts in smooth muscle. Western blotting confirmed the presence of AC2, AC3, and AC5/6 proteins. Functional studies provided evidence of cAMP regulation by Ca(2+) and protein kinase C-activated but not G(i)-inhibited pathways, supporting a role for AC2 and a Ca(2+)-stimulated isoform, AC8. However, NKH-477, an AC5-selective activator, was more potent than forskolin in elevating cAMP and inhibiting serum-stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, supporting the presence of AC5. These studies demonstrate differential expression of AC isoforms in rat lungs and provide evidence that AC2, AC5, and AC8 are functionally important in cAMP regulation and growth pathways in pulmonary artery myocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Jourdan
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Morrell
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020536:Enzyme Activators; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases