title: Pseudotumor of infancy and congenital muscular torticollis: 170 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review pseudotumor of infancy (POI) and congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and to suggest an algorithm for treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of cases from 1962 to 1998 at a tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients included in this study were 81 boys and 89 girls who had a diagnosis of POI (n = 38) or CMT (n = 132) before 24 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all patients, the mean age at diagnosis was 4 months; 54.1% had the left side of the neck affected, over 90% had a head tilt, and 2.4% had feeding difficulty as a result of the disorder. Plagiocephaly was present in 39.5% of patients with POI and 63.6% of patients with CMT; a neck mass, in 63.2% and 18.2%, respectively; and facial asymmetry, in 7.9% and 15.9%, respectively. All patients had a complete physical examination; 54.1% had plain cervical radiography, 4.1%, computed tomography, and 2.9%, ultrasonography. Passive range of motion was the initial treatment recommended for 65.3% of patients. Conservative treatment failed for 16 patients; subsequently, they had surgical treatment. Follow-up data were available for 159 patients; 85.5% experienced total resolution and 14.5% experienced subtotal resolution or long-term abnormality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children diagnosed with POI or CMT should be treated and observed for at least 12 months or until symptoms resolve. If symptoms persist 1 year after diagnosis despite conservative therapy, surgical treatment should be considered. The majority of children with POI or CMT experience total resolution of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Orvidas
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D005350:Fibroma / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015915:Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014103:Torticollis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy