title: Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord as primary surgical treatment of chronic orchialgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluate the effectiveness of microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord for treatment of chronic orchialgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred to our clinic diagnosed with chronic orchialgia are evaluated with a thorough medical and psychiatric history, physical examination and scrotal ultrasound when indicated. A total of 27 patients with chronic orchialgia refractory to nonsurgical management who had temporary pain relief after undergoing outpatient cord block were candidates for denervation. There were 6 patients who had bilateral pain, therefore, 33 testicular units were denervated. Followup ranged from 1 to 74 months (mean 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete pain relief was noted in 25 (76%) testicular units, partial relief in 3 (9.1%) and no relief in the remaining 5 (15%), with a mean followup of 19, 24 and 10 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in outcome when evaluated by the etiology of orchialgia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When conservative treatment fails, microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord should be considered first rate surgical therapy for patients with chronic orchialgia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Matkov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003714:Denervation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000601:surgery*; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery*; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*