title: Immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat portal hypertensive gastropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is now recognized to be a distinct entity. Recently, angiogenesis has been noticed as a key factor in clarifying the pathophysiology of various diseases. Angiogenesis in the PHT of explored gastric mucosa has yet to be explored. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate whether the hypoxic state exists in PHG, and whether VEGF appears more strongly in PHG than in normal gastric mucosa and, if so, what exactly is the role of the hypoxic state and VEGF in PHG.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after either a portal ligation or sham operation, the portal venous pressure, the gastric mucosal blood flow volume and the blood gas were measured and, the expression of VEGF and antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in gastric mucosal specimens was immunohistochemically assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The portal pressure (PP) and the gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in the PHT rats were significantly greater than in the control (CTR). Both the SaO2 and PaO2 of the arterial blood gas were lower in the PHT rats than in the control rats. The percentage of VEGF expression in the PHG was found to be higher than that in the control gastric mucosa. The percentage of PCNA expression in the PHG was higher than that in the control gastric mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The levels of SaO2 and PaO2 were lower in the PHT rats. There is a possibility that a kind of portal hypertensive gastric change may trigger an enhanced histochemical expression of VEGF. The increased activity of VEGF may have a possibility of the hypoxic gastric mucosal state caused by the presence of active congestion. This damaged mucosal state 'PHG' may thus facilitate the fragility in PHG and such lesions may be slow and insidious, which may therefore lead to sudden and severe anemia, thus causing massive and sometimes fatal hemorrhaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Science II, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsugawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Migou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sueishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011169:Portal Vein; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014690:Venous Pressure
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D010100:Oxygen