title: Resorbable plate fixation in pediatric craniofacial surgery: long-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term efficacy of resorbable plate fixation in pediatric patients undergoing craniofacial surgery for congenital anomalies, traumatic deformities, or skull base tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 57 consecutive cases using resorbable plates and screws for craniofacial fixation in patients younger than 18 years were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The status of bone healing postoperatively (anatomical union, malunion, delayed union, or nonunion) and any complications or adverse effects (hardware visibility or palpability, plate extrusion, or infection) were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In midfacial and upper face procedures (54 patients) anatomical union and uncomplicated bone healing occurred in 52 (96%) of the patients. In this same group, complications (plate extrusion) occurred in 2 patients (3.7%) and were resolved using conservative treatment without untoward sequelae. These outcomes are comparable to results using metal osteosynthesis in similar situations. Costs of resorbable hardware are similar to existing metal fixation systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the use of bioresorbable plate fixation in pediatric craniofacial surgery as a means of avoiding the potential and well-documented problems with rigid metal fixation. Indications include fractures and segmental repositioning in low-stress non-load-bearing areas of the middle and upper craniofacial skeleton. Although there is an initial learning curve in using this technology, we believe the benefits are well worth the effort and represent a major advance in pediatric craniofacial surgery.
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial-Skull Base Surgery, 1601 E 19th Ave, Suite 3100, Denver, CO 80218, USA. mjimola@qwest.net
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Imola
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hamlar
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatum
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000009:adverse effects; D001863:Bone Screws; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011108:Polymers; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers