title: Pax6 and SOX2 form a co-DNA-binding partner complex that regulates initiation of lens development.
abstract: Pax6 is a key transcription factor in eye development, particularly in lens development, but its molecular action has not been clarified. We demonstrate that Pax6 initiates lens development by forming a molecular complex with SOX2 on the lens-specific enhancer elements, e.g., the delta-crystallin minimal enhancer DC5. DC5 shows a limited similarity to the binding consensus sequence of Pax6 and is bound poorly by Pax6 alone. However, Pax6 binds cooperatively with SOX2 to the DC5 sequence, resulting in formation of a high-mobility form of ternary complex in vitro, which correlates with the enhancer activation in vivo. We observed Pax6 and SOX2-interdependent factor occupancy of DC5 in a chromatin environment in vivo, providing the molecular basis of synergistic activation by Pax6 and SOX2. Subtle alterations of the Pax6-binding-site sequence of DC5 or of the inter-binding-sites distance diminished the cooperative binding and caused formation of a non-functional low-mobility form complex, suggesting DNA sequence-guided and protein interaction-induced conformation change of the Pax6 protein. When ectopically expressed in embryo ectoderm, Pax6 and SOX2 in combination activate delta-crystallin gene and elicit lens placode development, indicating that the complex of Pax6 and SOX2 formed on specific DNA sequences is the genetic switch for initiation of lens differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. yusuke@imcb.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamachi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchikawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanouchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sekido
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003459:Crystallins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D024002:HMGB Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D003459:Crystallins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D024002:HMGB Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors