title: Effects of intraduodenal bile on interdigestive gastrointestinal and gallbladder motility in healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is related to normal inter-digestive gastrointestinal motility, with the gut peptide motilin also being involved. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intraduodenal artificial bile infusion on antroduodenal and gallbladder motility so as to further elucidate the controlling factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve fasting, healthy male volunteers received artificial bile (80 mol% bile acids; 15 mol% phospholipids; 5 mol% cholesterol) or placebo (saline) intraduodenally for 10 min starting 30 min after the end of phase III, according to a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design. Antroduodenal motility, gallbladder volumes, and plasma motilin levels were measured. All values are means +/- SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interval between infusion and the subsequent phase III, as well as the origin of this phase III were not significantly different between bile and saline. Antral pressure waves were significantly more frequent during and immediately after bile infusion compared with saline infusion (p < 0.05). The duration of phase I following infusion was significantly longer after bile (24.8 +/- 3.7 min) than after saline infusion (13.1 +/- 1.7 min; p < 0.05). The mean gallbladder volume tended to increase in the hours following bile infusion, but to decrease after saline infusion (p = 0.06). Plasma motilin increased after bile and saline infusion in an almost identical way.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides no clear evidence for a role of intraduodenal artificial bile (i.e. its main constituents) in the regulation of migrating motor complex cycling or feedback inhibition of inter-digestive gallbladder emptying.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Luiking
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kloppers
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijs
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Akkermans
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: van Berge Henegouwen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D009037:Motilin / Q000097:blood*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D009037:Motilin