title: Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 mediates activation of Akt by ultraviolet B irradiation.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which UVB irradiation activates Akt (also known as protein kinase B (PKB)) in mouse epidermal JB6 cells. Treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY 294002, or expression of a dominant negative mutant of p85 (regulatory component of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibited UVB-induced Akt activation. Interestingly, Akt activation by UVB was attenuated by treatment with PD 98059, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk) kinase 1 inhibitor, or SB 202190, a specific p38 kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, the expression of a dominant negative mutant of Erk2 or p38 kinase, but not that of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), blocked UVB-induced Akt activation. The expression of a dominant negative mutant of p85 or treatment with LY 294002 also inhibited UVB-induced Erk phosphorylation. The UVB-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase members, which were immunoprecipitated from cells exposed to UVB, did not phosphorylate Akt. Instead, Akt was phosphorylated at both threonine 308 and serine 473 and activated by UVB-activated mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (Msk1). The expression of a Msk1 C-terminal kinase-dead mutant inhibited UVB-induced phosphorylation and activation of Akt. These data thus suggested that UVB-induced Akt activation was mediated through Msk1, which is a downstream kinase of the Erk and p38 kinase signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007328:Insulin; D009025:Morpholines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; C116919:mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one