title: Response of bobwhite quail and gray-tailed voles to granular and flowable diazinon applications.
abstract: We used gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus) and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) as experimental model species to field test whether small mammals and birds respond differently to equivalent concentrations of a pesticide applied in granular and flowable formulations. In mid-May 1998, we placed voles into 15, 0.2-ha enclosures planted with a mixture of pasture grasses. In mid-July, we placed quail into the same enclosures with the voles. In late July, we applied the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon in five treatments; a control (all habitats sprayed with water), liquid formulation of diazinon at 0.55 kg/ha, liquid formulation of diazinon at 1.11 kg/ha, broadcast of granular diazinon at 1.11 kg/ha, and broadcast of granular diazinon at 2.22 kg/ha. The diazinon treatment in liquid and granular formulations did not depress population size or growth rate, or survival rate of voles. We found a significant difference in the survival rate of the quail between the controls and treatments; granular diazinon caused a measurable decline of quail survival, whereas the liquid application at an equivalent rate did not significantly affect quail survival. Analysis of our results suggests that ground-feeding birds are more susceptible to granular insecticides than flowable applications, but voles were not susceptible to either formulation at the rate we used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. gwang@nrel.colostate.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae; D003976:Diazinon / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011784:Quail; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D003976:Diazinon