title: Modeling for immunosuppression by sulfur mustard.
abstract: The treatment and cure of patients exposed to sulfur mustard is a remaining challenge despite on-going research in this field. A severe suppression of the immune system still remains the major cause of opportunistic infections, septicemia and death in patients injured by sulfur mustard. In this report, we present a model of sulfur mustard contamination in mice, which exhibit clinical signs similar to that exhibited by patients during the Iran-Iraq war. Dose response studies were performed to determine the most appropriate dose for our model i.e., 6.35 micrograms/kg. Animals contaminated with sulfur mustard intraperitoneally showed symptoms of anorexia, diarrhea, loss of weight and blindness. Autopsy of animals showed a severe necrosis in gut and degeneration of spleen. Results shows that sulfur mustard caused an over all suppression of the immune response to sRBC as indicated by agglutination titer and DTH tests. These studies present a rodent model of sulfur mustard exposure, which can be used for further studies in this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. hasan_zm.med.tmu@net1cs.modares.ac.ir
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebtekar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008954:Models, Biological; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas