title: Early and late outcomes after reoperation for prosthetic valve endocarditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prosthetic valve endocarditis remains a challenging complication after heart valve replacement. To identify predictive risk factors, we have reviewed 30 patients who underwent surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis between March 1986 and May 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 15 men and 15 women (mean age 51 years). Prosthetic valve endocarditis was classified as early (< or = 1 year after operation) in 10 cases, and as late in the other 20 cases. The most common indication for surgery was moderate to severe congestive heart failure due to prosthetic valve dysfunction in 21 (70%) patients. The average follow-up period was 6.5 years, with a range of 0.3 to 14.1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common microorganism was Staphylococcus epidermidis in both patients with early (50%) and late prosthetic valve endocarditis (25%). The in-hospital mortality was 13.3% (4/30). There were six late deaths. The actuarial survival at 5 years was 78% and 66% at 10 years. An early onset of prosthetic valve endocarditis was the only significant determinant of both in-hospital mortality (p = 0.005) and overall mortality (p = 0.021). Emergency surgery had a statistically significant relationship with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.045). No significant influence on mortality after reoperation for prosthetic valve endocarditis was found in age, sex, valve position, antecedent native valve endocarditis, or in the type of pathological findings (ring abscess, valve dehiscence, and vegetation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early onset of prosthetic valve endocarditis and emergency surgery were important risk factors for mortality due to prosthetic valve endocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinugasa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagamachi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000601:surgery; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis; D016896:Treatment Outcome