title: Potential dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorpyrifos in Australian pesticide workers.
abstract: Chlorpyrifos inhalation, dermal exposure and working practices of 28 pesticide applicators in Western Australia were assessed during a series of single property applications of a 0.5% (n=2) or 1% (n=26) concentration of active ingredient in water solution. Deposition on new cotton gloves worn beneath applicators' usual protective gloves was 2.4 (range 0.12-86.1) mg h(-1). Median deposition of chlorpyrifos onto a new cotton overall worn over other clothing (24 sections removed, corrected for body proportions) was 11.1 (range 0.2-41.9) mg h(-1). Deposition onto seven patches taped to the applicators' skin was 0.04 (range 0.01-4.7) mg h(-1). Inhalation concentration was 5.7 (range 0.7-219) microg m(-3) time weighted average. In one group of 17 applicators' applying to existing properties, breathing zone air concentration correlated (P<0.05) with ambient air temperature (15-38 degrees C). The questionnaire results (29 respondents) indicated applicators' practices led to increased exposure, in particular concerning poor usage and condition of protective equipment and a high frequency of splashes and spills onto the body. Prevention of deposition on clothing, in particular on the lower body is suggested, as well as improved working practices.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia. mcattani@health.curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cena
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pisaniello
mesh_terms: D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011481:Protective Clothing; D012867:Skin; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014904:Western Australia
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004390:Chlorpyrifos