title: The HIV protease inhibitor indinavir impairs sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 intranuclear localization, inhibits preadipocyte differentiation, and induces insulin resistance.
abstract: Protease inhibitors used in the treatment of HIV infection have been causally associated with lipodystrophy and insulin resistance and were shown to alter adipocyte differentiation in cultured cells. We aimed to delineate the mechanism by which indinavir impaired adipocyte function. We report that indinavir altered neither the growth nor insulin sensitivity of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes, nor did it alter the initial step of their differentiation, i.e., clonal proliferation. However, adipose conversion was inhibited by indinavir (by 50-60%), as shown by 1) the decrease in the number of newly formed adipocytes; 2) the lower level of the adipogenic protein markers, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), and the insulin receptor (IR); and 3) the lack of SREBP-1 and PPAR-gamma immunoreactivity in the nucleus of most indinavir-treated cells. Partial adipose conversion also correlated with an accumulation of SREBP-1 at the nuclear periphery and an alteration in its electrophoretic mobility. Defective expression and nuclear localization of PPAR-gamma probably resulted from the decreased level of nuclear SREBP-1. Indinavir also rendered 3T3-F442A adipocytes resistant to insulin for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation at a step distal to IR substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Hence, indinavir impairs differentiation at an early step of adipose conversion probably involving the process controlling SREBP-1 intranuclear localization.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 402, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27, rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France. caroin@st-antoine.inserm.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auclair
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vigouroux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glorian
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forest
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Capeau
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019469:Indinavir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D051379:Mice; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D019469:Indinavir