title: Exacerbation of neuronal cell death by activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: role of NMDA receptors and arachidonic acid release.
abstract: Both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuronal injury. Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) exacerbates neuronal cell death, whereas inhibition is neuroprotective. However, the mechanisms involved remain unknown. Activation of group I mGluR modulates multiple signal transduction pathways including stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis, potentiation of NMDA receptor activity, and release of arachidonic acid. Here we demonstrate that whereas activation of group I mGluR by (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) potentiates NMDA-induced currents and intracellular calcium increases in rat cortical neuronal cultures, partial effects of group I mGluR activation or inhibition on neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation remain despite NMDA receptor blockade. DHPG stimulation also increases basal arachidonic acid release from rat neuronal-glial cultures and potentiates injury-induced arachidonic acid release in these cultures. Thus, activation of group I mGluR may exacerbate neuronal injury through multiple mechanisms, which include positive modulation of NMDA receptors and enhanced release of arachidonic acid.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vicini
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Faden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium; C010117:3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol