title: Anticoagulation and induced hypertension after endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization may be used to prevent early rebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but anticoagulation and induced hypertension may increase this risk. We sought to determine retrospectively the relationship between levels of induced hypertension and anticoagulation and incidence of rebleeding in GDC-treated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five consecutive patients with acute (<14 days) subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent GDC embolization were retrospectively analyzed with regard to percent obliteration of an aneurysm on postprocedure angiogram, the duration and intensity of anticoagulation, the duration and level of induced hypertension, and the frequency of thromboembolic and rebleeding complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete angiographic obliteration of the aneurysm was achieved in five cases (20%). In some cases (n = 2), only the dome of the aneurysm was coiled to allow eventual surgical clipping. Heparin was given to 23 patients (92%) for an average of 6 days (range, 8 hrs to 22 days); the mean dose was 588 units/hr, and the mean partial thromboplastin time was 37 secs. Seven patients (28%) were treated with vasopressors for symptomatic vasospasm for a mean duration of 5 days (range, 8 hrs to 9 days); mean arterial blood pressure averaged 118 mm Hg, and peak systolic blood pressures ranged from 195 to 250 mm Hg. There were no episodes of aneurysm rebleeding. Three patients (12%) suffered intraoperative thromboembolic complications, which in one instance was fatal; two of these cases were associated with subtherapeutic partial thromboplastin time values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induced hypertension (mean arterial blood pressure, 120 mm Hg) and heparinization do not appear to increase the risk of early rebleeding after GDC embolization. In a select group of patients, use of anticoagulation in the immediate perioperative period to prevent thromboembolic complications appears to be safe.
authors.affiliation: Division of Stroke and Neuro-Critical Care, the Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208-3479, USA. bernarg@mail.amc.edu
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kossoff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hacein-Bey
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pile-Spellman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D006493:Heparin