title: Do dietary phytoestrogens influence susceptibility to hormone-dependent cancer by disrupting the metabolism of endogenous oestrogens?
abstract: Phytoestrogens are natural constituents of our diets that have been suggested to protect against hormone-dependent breast cancer. Some of the diverse effects of these compounds may be attributed to ligand-dependent differences in their interaction with oestrogen receptor sub-classes. However, phytoestrogens can also inhibit enzymes that are involved in the generation and removal of endogenous steroid hormones. Among the most potent effects of dietary phytoestrogens is their ability to inhibit the sulphotransferases that sulphate both oestrogenic steroids and a variety of environmental chemicals, including dietary pro-carcinogens. Circulating steroid sulphates are thought to be the major source of oestradiol in post-menopausal breast tumours and sulphation is a key step in the activation of some dietary pro-carcinogens. Hence the inhibition of sulphotransferases by dietary phytoestrogens may have complex effects upon human susceptibility to breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. c.j.kirk@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D001141:Aromatase / Q000378:metabolism; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D001192:Arylsulfatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D043266:Steryl-Sulfatase; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004967:Estrogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D005419:Flavonoids; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D001141:Aromatase; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C044251:steroid sulfotransferase; D001192:Arylsulfatases; D043266:Steryl-Sulfatase