title: Significance of a T-lymphocytotoxic crossmatch in liver and combined liver-kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In contrast to kidney transplants a positive crossmatch is no contraindication for liver transplantation (OLT). In liver transplantation, antibody mediated rejections are rarely reported and a liver graft is suspected to have protective effects for kidney grafts when transplanted simultaneously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a positive crossmatch on outcome after OLT and combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKTx).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed retrospectively the impact of a positive crossmatch on graft survival and rejection episodes after OLT (793pats) and CLKTx (18pats, 2.2%). Immunosuppression consisted of either Cyclosporine- or Tacrolimus-based regimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50/811 (6%) of patients had a positive crossmatch, 45/793 (5.6%) with liver transplantation alone and 5/18 (28%) of patients with CLKTx. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 122.5 months (median 45.8 months). One- and 5-year graft survival rates of liver transplants alone with a positive crossmatch were 89.6% and 75.3%, respectively and were 88% and 77.5% in crossmatch negative recipients. Additionally, the incidence of acute and steroid-resistant rejection (44% and 15.5%) was not significantly increased in patients with a positive crossmatch when compared with patients with a negative crossmatch (38% and 19%). None of the patients with a positive crossmatch and CLKTx underwent a hyperacute-rejection episode after transplantation, and kidney graft survival 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, a positive crossmatch is no contraindication for OLT and CLKTx. Furthermore, not having to wait for results of donor/recipient crossmatching can shorten cold ischemia time and may improve the clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Charité, Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany. ulf.neumann@charite.de
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moldenhauer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langrehr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glanemann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Bechstein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus