title: Psychological evolution and assessment in patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is a major surgical intervention inducing distress and anxiety. Psychiatric evaluation of organ transplant candidates is now routinely proposed. This study purposed to assess the psychological evolution in patients having received psychological and/or psychiatric assistance before and during 1-6 postoperative months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two consecutive transplant candidates were psychically evaluated as part of the preoperative protocol. In the waiting period, 1 and 6 months after OHT, they were asked to fill out the following questionnaires: the General Health Questionnaire, the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Personal Reaction Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis was found in nine patients (41%); four patients (18%) presented with an Axis II diagnosis. One month after OHT, scores of depression, anxiety and general health significantly improved, while scores of social support, alexithymia and social desirability did not differ. In the sixth postoperative month, all psychological scores remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high prevalence of preoperative psychopathology was reported in 22 candidates who received OHT. Surgical intervention obviously improved the quality of life after cardiac transplantation. If the impact of psychological and/or psychiatric aid remains difficult to appraise, these results emphasize the positive impact of surgery on psychological status and the appropriateness of the psychosomatician's social support intervention on patients facing the transplant process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychological and Psychosomatic Medicine, CHU du Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. francoise.tassin@chu.ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Triffaux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wauthy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Limet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ansseau
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012928:Social Desirability; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires