title: Persistent genomic instability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents.
abstract: A "hypermutable" genome is a common characteristic of cancer cells, and it may contribute to the progressive accumulation of mutations required for the development of cancer. It has been reported that mammalian cells surviving exposure to gamma radiation display several highly persistent genomic instability phenotypes which may reflect a hypermutability similar to that seen in cancer. These phenotypes include an increased mutation frequency and a decreased plating efficiency, and they continue to be observed many generations after the radiation exposure. The underlying causes of this genomic instability have not been fully determined. We show here that exposure to gamma radiation and other DNA-damaging treatments induces a similar genomic instability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A dose-dependent increase in intrachromosomal recombination was observed in cultures derived from cells surviving gamma irradiation as many as 50 generations after the exposure. Increased forward mutation frequencies and low colony-forming efficiencies were also observed. Persistently elevated recombination frequencies in haploid cells were dominant after these cells were mated to nonirradiated partners, and the elevated recombination phenotype was also observed after treatment with the DNA-damaging agents ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide, and ethyl methanesulfonate. Radiation-induced genomic instability in yeast may represent a convenient model for the hypermutability observed in cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6021, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schiestl
mesh_terms: D004249:DNA Damage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide