title: Autoproteolysis and feedback in a protease cascade directing Drosophila dorsal-ventral cell fate.
abstract: Three serine protease zymogens, Gastrulation defective (GD), Snake (Snk) and Easter (Ea), and a nerve growth factor-like growth factor ligand precursor, Spaetzle, are required for specification of dorsal- ventral cell fate during Drosophila embryogenesis. The proteases have been proposed to function in a sequential activation cascade within the extracellular compartment called the perivitelline space. We examined biochemical interactions between these four proteins using a heterologous co-expression system. The results indicate that the three proteases do function in a sequential activation cascade, that GD becomes active and initiates the cascade and that interaction between GD and Snk is sufficient for GD to cleave itself autoproteolytically. The proteolytically active form of Ea cleaves GD at a different position, revealing biochemical feedback in the pathway. Both GD and Snk bind to heparin-Sepharose, providing a link between the pipe-defined ventral prepattern and the protease cascade. Our results suggest a model of the cascade in which initiation is by relief from inhibition, and spatial regulation of activity is due to interaction with sulfated proteoglycans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dissing
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DeLotto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005246:Feedback; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D019476:Insect Proteins; C086179:spz protein, Drosophila; D006493:Heparin; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C078099:ea protein, Drosophila; C081508:snk protein, Drosophila