title: Pattern of gastroesophageal reflux in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common health problem in children worldwide. There are no published data on this disease in children from Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study is, therefore, to report on the pattern of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Saudi children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all children referred to the Pediatric Gastroenterology Division at King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnosis was confirmed in 85 children, all but 2 were Saudi nationals, and the male to female ratio was 1.6. The median age of onset of symptoms was 10 months, whereas the median age at referral was 20 months. The pattern of clinical presentation indicates that vomiting is the most common presentation occurring in 82% of the children, followed by respiratory disease in 38%. An underlying condition was found in 41% of the children, (35/85) the most common of which was neurological impairment. Peptic esophagitis was present in 51.5% of the children who underwent endoscopy. The median duration of follow up was 6 months. Good response to medical therapy was documented in 72% of normal children and 27% of those with underlying disease. All of the 23 children who had fundoplication in our institution had one or more of the underlying disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common problem in Saudi children. The overall pattern in this report is similar to descriptions in the literature. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to confirm this pattern and to provide more focused descriptions of other aspects of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. elmouzan@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: El-Mouzan
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Sanie
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Al-Khalifah
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome