title: Preschoolers perceptions of the unfairness of maternal disciplinary practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine preschoolers' perceptions of maternal discipline's unfairness. The participants' gender, age, SES, family intactness and sibship size were examined for their possible relevance to such perceptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five vignettes, describing forms of discipline the literature suggests constitute psychological maltreatment, were presented to 57 preschoolers (27 boys and 30 girls). They included excessive withdrawal of privileges, withdrawal of entertainment, differential treatment of siblings, threatening power assertion, and public humiliation. The children had to decide on the fairness or unfairness of each vignette in which a child was disciplined in each of these ways by his/her mother. They were then asked to offer an explanation for each of their choices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the five forms of discipline employed in the vignettes, children judged differential treatment of siblings as more unfair than either power assertion (threatening spanking), or public humiliation. No differences were found for withdrawal of privileges or entertainment. Of the various predictor variables employed, preschoolers from smaller families were more likely to judge threatening to spank as unfair. As well, compared to boys, girls and children from larger families were more likely to judge differential treatment as unfair. Age, SES, and family intactness had no effect on discipline judgements likely because of their limited range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that preschoolers can offer views on the fairness or unfairness of parental disciplinary practices, and can differentiate among them. Further, not all forms of parental discipline were viewed by preschoolers as unfair. Yet it has to be appreciated that the vignettes employed here were adapted for younger children, hence they may not have appeared as negative as in studies involving older children and adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Konstantareas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desbois
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D009679:Nuclear Family; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010465:Perception; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012381:Role Playing; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors