title: Incidence of HIV among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four US cities.
abstract: We estimated seroincidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and prevalence of risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) who accepted voluntary HIV testing on entry to drug treatment. Record-based incidence studies were conducted in 12 drug treatment programs in New York City (n = 890); Newark, New Jersey (n = 521); Seattle, Washington (n = 1,256); and Los Angeles, California (n = 733). Records of confidential HIV tests were abstracted for information on demographics, drug use, and HIV test results. More detailed data on risk behaviors were obtained by a standardized questionnaire. Although overall incidence rates were relatively low in this population (<1/100 person-years), there was a high prevalence of risk behaviors. Needle sharing was reported by more than one-third of the participants in each of the cities. HIV seroincidence rates were up to three-fold higher among younger ID Us. We found that HIV continued to be transmitted among ID Us who had received both drug treatment and HIV counseling and testing. HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) prevention education should continue to be an important component of drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. CMurrill@cdc.gov
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Murrill
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Prevots
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Linley
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Royalty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gwinn
mesh_terms: D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D015994:Incidence; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs