title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, trace elements, and monooxygenase activity in birds nesting on the North Platte River, Casper, Wyoming, USA.
abstract: Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) and house wren (Troglodytes aedon) eggs and chicks were collected near a refinery site on the North Platte River, Casper. Wyoming, USA and at a reference site 10 km upstream. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in swallow and wren chicks were higher at the refinery site than at the reference site. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in sediment and chick dietary samples were consistent with these findings. The general lack of methylated PAHs in sediment, diet, and bird carcasses suggested that the PAHs were derived from combustion and not from petroleum. The predominance of odd-numbered aliphatic hydrocarbons and the low ratios (< or =0.25) of pristane:n-C17 and phytane:n-C18 in chick and diet samples also suggested that swallow and wren chicks were not being chronically exposed to petroleum. Mean ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activities in tree swallow livers averaged nine times higher at the refinery site than at the reference site and were probably induced by exposure to PAHs. Trace element concentrations in eggs and livers of swallows and wrens were similar or greater at the reference site than at the refinery site. Selenium, strontium, and boron concentrations were elevated in eggs and livers of swallows and wrens at both the refinery and reference sites.
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603, USA. tom_w_custer@usgs.gov
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Melancon
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020308:Songbirds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014959:Wyoming
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D004224:Diterpenes; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013729:Terpenes; D014131:Trace Elements; C009042:pristane; C008906:phytane; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1