title: Fibrin D-dimer and coronary heart disease: prospective study and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unknown whether modest increases of fibrin D-dimer, a circulating marker of fibrin turnover, are relevant to coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured serum concentrations of D-dimer antigen in the stored baseline blood samples of 630 CHD cases and 1269 controls "nested" in a prospective cohort of 5661 men who were monitored for 16 years, and we conducted a meta-analysis of previous relevant studies to place our findings in context. In a comparison of men in the top third compared with those in the bottom third of baseline fibrin D-dimer values (tertile cutoffs, >94 versus <49 ng/mL), the odds ratio for CHD was 1.67 (95% CI, 1.31 to 2.13; P<0.0001) after adjustments for age and town. The odds ratio increased slightly after further adjustment for smoking, other classic risk factors, and indicators of socioeconomic status (1.79; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.36). Strong correlations were observed of fibrin D-dimer values with circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein but not with smoking, blood lipids, blood pressure, and other risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there may be an association between circulating D-dimer values and CHD, further studies are needed to determine the extent to which this is causal.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danesh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whincup
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Appleby
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D