title: The effects of birth weight and postnatal linear growth retardation on blood pressure at age 11-12 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of birth weight and linear growth retardation (stunting) in early childhood on blood pressure at age 11-12 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kingston, Jamaica.
  
  
  METHODS
  112 stunted children (height for age < -2 SD of the NCHS references) and 189 non-stunted children (height for age > -1 SD), identified at age 9-24 months by a survey of poor neighbourhoods in Kingston.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current weight was the strongest predictor of systolic blood pressure (beta= 4.90 mm Hg/SD weight 95%CI 3.97, 5.83). Birth weight predicted systolic blood pressure (beta = -1.28 mm Hg/SD change in birth weight, 95% CI -2.17, -0.38) after adjustment for current weight. There was a significant negative interaction between stunting in early childhood and current weight indicating a larger effect of increased current weight in children who experienced linear growth retardation in early childhood. There was no interaction between birth weight and current weight. The increase in blood pressure from age 7 to age 11-12 was greater in children with higher weight at age 11-12 and less in children with higher birth weight and weight at age 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Birth weight predicted systolic blood pressure in Jamaican children aged 11-12. Postnatal growth retardation may potentiate the relation between current weight and blood pressure. Greater weight gain between ages 7 and 11 was associated with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure. The relation between growth and later blood pressure is complex and has prenatal and postnatal components.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica. swalker@uwimona.edu.jm
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaskin
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: F I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grantham-McGregor
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology