title: Keratinocyte-driven contraction of reconstructed human skin.
abstract: We have previously reported that reconstructed human skin, using deepidermized acellular sterilized dermis and allogeneic keratinocytes and fibroblasts, significantly contracts in vitro. Contracture of split skin grafts in burns injuries remains a serious problem and this in vitro model provides an opportunity to study keratinocyte/mesenchymal cell interactions and cell interactions with extracted normal human dermis. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of this in vitro contraction and explore several approaches to prevent or reduce contraction. Three different methodologies for sterilization of the dermal matrix were examined: glycerol, ethylene oxide and a combination of glycerol and ethylene oxide. While the nature of the sterilization technique influenced the extent of contraction and thinner dermal matrices contracted proportionately more than thicker matrices, in all cases contraction was driven by the keratinocytes with relatively little influence from the fibroblasts. The contraction of the underlying dermis did not represent any change in tissue mass but rather a reorganization of the dermis which was rapidly reversed (within minutes) when the epidermal layer was removed. Pharmacological approaches to block contraction showed forskolin and mannose-6-phosphate to be ineffective and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate to exacerbate contraction. However, Galardin, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor and keratinocyte conditioned media, both inhibited contraction.
authors.affiliation: Section of Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences and Plastics, Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Northern General Hospital NHS Trust, Sheffield and Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chakrabarty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freedlander
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mac Neil
mesh_terms: D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003286:Contracture / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020405:Dermis / Q000473:pathology; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; C078131:N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide; D005576:Colforsin; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases