title: Distinct types of T-cell help for the induction of a humoral immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: Studies have indicated that purified soluble polysaccharide antigens can elicit T cell-independent Ig responses in vivo, although these responses can be modulated by T cells in a noncognate manner. Relatively little is known, however, concerning the parameters that regulate polysaccharide-specific, as well as protein-specific, Ig isotype responses to an intact extracellular bacterium. Using the murine in vivo humoral response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae as a model it can be shown that CD4+ T-cell receptor alphabeta+ T cells deliver help for both polysaccharide- and protein-specific Ig responses. However, these responses differ fundamentally in their mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. csnapper@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Snapper
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: A Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zelazowski
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mond
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Gause
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000276:immunology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta