title: Zymosan modulates CD44 isoform expression in a murine model of inflammation resembling rheumatoid arthritis synovitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study local inflammation induced by zymosan in the murine air pouch, considered a model of synovial-like tissue inflammation, we investigated the time-course synthesis of CD44 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and established a relationship with leukocyte migration into the air pouch and CD44 expression on the leukocyte membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leukocytes from the air pouch exudate were collected and counted at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after zymosan or saline injection. CD44 and TNF-alpha mRNA were studied by RT-PCR. CD44 variable exon analysis was assessed by Southern blot and CD44 membrane expression by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leukocyte accumulation after zymosan injection was significantly higher than in saline injected controls. CD44 standard and variable isoforms including at least variable exons v6 and v9 were highly expressed in leukocytes from the zymosan air pouch exudate. In contrast, only the CD44 mRNA standard isoform was present in leukocytes from saline air pouch. Maximal TNF-alpha mRNA level was observed at 48 h after zymosan injection, whereas CD44 mRNA was constantly expressed throughout the whole term of the experiment, although variations in leukocyte count and relative formula were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of CD44 variable isoform in leukocytes was specifically induced by zymosan, since none was detected in saline controls. TNF-alpha mRNA expression and leukocyte count at every time point served as markers for local inflammation. The presence of variable isoforms, including at least exons v6 and v9, consistently expressed throughout the assay suggests that they could play a role in this arthritis-like inflammation induced under zymosan stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IDEHU-National Research Council (CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gravisaco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hajos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005091:Exons; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007536:Isomerism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013585:Synovitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015054:Zymosan
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015054:Zymosan