title: Activated platelets enhance microparticle formation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in severe trauma and sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activated platelets have been recently reported to produce platelet microparticles and to enhance platelet-leukocyte interaction. The precise role of platelets in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) has not been clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate microparticle formation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in severe trauma and sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with severe SIRS (SIRS criteria and serum C-reactive protein > 10 mg/dL) and 12 healthy volunteers were studied. The severe SIRS was caused by trauma in 12 patients and sepsis in 14. Microparticle formation, P-selectin expression on platelets, platelet-monocyte binding, and platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) binding were measured by flow cytometry in the presence or absence of ionomycin, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, or anti-CD62p monoclonal antibody. Soluble P-selectin, thrombomodulin, neopterin, and PMNL elastase in blood were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microparticle formation, P-selectin expression on platelets, platelet-monocyte binding with or without ionomycin, and platelet-PMNL binding with ionomycin significantly increased in patients with severe SIRS in comparison with values in normal volunteers. The increased platelet-leukocyte binding in severe SIRS patients was markedly inhibited by P-selectin blockade and was not enhanced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Soluble P-selectin, thrombomodulin, neopterin, and PMNL elastase in blood also increased in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activated platelets enhance microparticle formation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in severe trauma and sepsis. Enhanced platelet-leukocyte interaction is dependent on P-selectin expression and may be involved in the systemic inflammatory response after severe inflammatory insult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Osaka University Medical School, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. hashi@hp-emerg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosotsubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwagata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin