title: Analysis of pendimethalin residues in fruit, nuts, vegetables, grass, and mint by gas chromatography.
abstract: Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine], in the formulation of Prowl (a commercial herbicide), was applied to various crops. Analysis of pendimethalin and its metabolite [4(1-ethylpropyl)amino-2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol] was accomplished by utilizing liquid-liquid partitioning, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for nuts and mint, solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup, and gas chromatography (GC) with a nitrogen--phosphorus detector (NPD). Method validation recoveries for fruits, nuts, vegetables, grass, and mint are given for both compounds. Pendimethalin average recoveries ranged from 71% to 126% over two levels of fortification. Pendimethalin metabolite average recoveries ranged from 69% to 123% over two levels of fortification. The quantitation limit for all crops except mint was 0.050 ppm. The quantitation limit for mint and mint oil was 0.10 ppm. Residues greater than the limit of quantitation were found for pendimethalin in apple pomace, fresh and dry fig, grass screenings, mint oil, almond hulls, green onion, and tomato pomace (wet and dry). Residues greater than the limit of quantitation were found for pendimethalin metabolite in grass screenings, grass straw, and almond hulls. All other crop analyses for pendimethalin and its metabolite were below the limit of quantitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA. jaengebretson@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engebretson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hengel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D027541:Mentha / Q000737:chemistry; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000737:chemistry*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; C030856:pendimethalin