title: Carotid stump syndrome: outcome from surgical management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  in patients with occluded internal carotid arteries the carotid stump is a potential source of microemboli resulting in the persistence of retinal or cerebral ischaemic symptoms. We report 25 patients who had persistent cerebral and retinal ischaemic symptoms with an occluded ipsilateral ICA and a carotid stump who underwent surgical exclusion of the stump.
  
  
  METHODS
  between January 1988 and January 1998, 332 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy. Twenty-five patients (20 males: five females; mean age 58.9 (range 44-78 years)) had carotid stump exclusion. Indications for surgery were transient ischaemic attack (22), amaurosis fugax (eight) and cerebrovascular accident (13). Three patients had undergone contralateral carotid endarterectomy and 12 had significant contralateral stenosis. Twenty patients were being treated with aspirin and four with warfarin at the time of presentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the diagnosis of carotid stump was made in 22 patients by angiography. In the remaining three patients duplex alone was diagnostic in two patients. In the third case duplex was combined with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to confirm the diagnosis. Stump exclusion was carried out by oversewing the ICA origin. All but one patient remained symptom free at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  carotid stump syndrome should be considered as a likely clinical entity in patients with an occluded ICA and persisting cerebral and retinal microembolic symptoms. Surgical exclusion of the carotid stump is a safe and effective method of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leahy
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome