title: Multi-slice CT for visualization of pulmonary embolism using perfusion weighted color maps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new technique for the perfusion weighted color display of the density of lung parenchyma derived from multi-slice CT (MSCT) data sets of clinical routine examinations for visualization of pulmonary embolism (PE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging of patients with suspected PE was performed on a commercially available MSCT (Somatom Volume Zoom; Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) after intravenous application of 120 cc of contrast-medium using a power injector. Scan parameters were 140 kV and 100 mAs, using a thin collimation of 4 x 1 mm and a table speed of 7 mm (pitch: 1.75). Derived from thin collimation axial slices (slice thicknesseff. 1.25 mm, reconstruction increment 0.8 mm), a new image processing technique was deployed. Based on these source images, an automated 3D-segmentation of the lungs was performed followed by threshold based extraction of major airways and vascular structures. The filtered volume data were color encoded and finally overlayed onto the original CT images. This color encoded display of parenchymal density distribution of the lungs was shown in axial, coronal and sagittal plane orientation. In four patients with excluded PE as well as in two patients with proven PE this new technique was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the four patients that were considered negative regarding PE on MSCT, lung densitometry showed a homogeneous distribution of color encoded densities without circumscribed decreased or increased areas, beside the usually present gravity-dependent gradient in ventro-dorsal direction. In the two patients with proven PE, low density values on perfusion weighted color maps were found distally to the occluded pulmonary arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial experience indicates that lung densitometry with an optimized display of the density distribution within the lung parenchyma may provide additional information in patients with suspected or proven PE. However, a comparison with ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy and a larger number of patients are necessary for the full clinical evaluation of this new functional imaging methodology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany. wildberg@rad.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wildberger
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Niethammer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Günther
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D003116:Color; D003287:Contrast Media; D003720:Densitometry; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media