title: Endoscopic extirpation of benign breast tumors using an extramammary approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin incision has been made directly in the breast for treatment of benign breast tumor in spite of the young age of the patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small incisions (12 mm, 5 mm, and 2 mm) were made in the extramammary line, and the benign tumors (diagnosed by imaging and aspiration needle cytology) were endoscopically extirpated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of 36 patients was 27.6 years, and the mean mass size was 3.6 cm (7 masses at maximum). The average operation time per mass was 2.6 hours in the first 18 operations and 1.4 hours in the latter 19 operations. Overall blood loss was 19 mL. Postoperative complications were seen in 2 patients: an extended subcutaneous emphysema due to excessive CO2 gas inflation and a mild burn, both of which were reversible. All patients were extremely satisfied with the cosmetic results of the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic removal by the extramammary approach is the best option for benign breast tumors considering the patient's age and the excellent cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome