title: A comparative evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index as indicators of cardiovascular risk factors. The Canadian Heart Health Surveys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To comparatively evaluate cut-off points of waist circumference, body mass index and waist to hip ratio with respect to their ability to predict other individual and multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, cross-sectional surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 9913 men and women aged 18-74, selected using health insurance registries from five Canadian provinces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric measures, other cardiovascular risk factors, receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Waist circumference may be the best single indicator of other individual and multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Optimal cut-off points of all anthropometric measures are dependent on age, sex and the prevalence of the risk factor(s) being considered. For waist circumference, cut-off points of > or =90 cm in men and > or =80 cm in women may be most appropriate for prediction of individual and multiple risk factors in Caucasian populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals should incorporate the use of waist circumference measurements in their routine clinical examination of adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Dobbelsteyn
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Joffres
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flowerdew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors