title: Inhibition of growth factor production and angiogenesis in human cancer cells by ZD1839 (Iressa), a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
abstract: The transforming growth factor-alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor (TGF-alpha-EGFR) autocrine pathway, which is involved in the development and the progression of human epithelial cancers, controls, in part, the production of angiogenic factors. These angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), are secreted by cancer cells to stimulate normal endothelial cell growth through paracrine mechanisms. ZD1839 (Iressa) is a p.o.-active, selective EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in clinical trials in cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of ZD1839 in human colon (GEO, SW480, and CaCo2), breast (ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 ADR), ovarian (OVCAR-3), and gastric (KATO III and N87) cancer cells that coexpress TGF-alpha and EGFR. ZD1839 treatment determined a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition accompanied by the decrease of VEGF, bFGF and TGF-alpha production in vitro. Treatment of immunodeficient mice bearing well-established, palpable GEO xenografts with ZD1839 determined a cytostatic dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition. Immunohistochemical analysis of GEO tumor xenografts after ZD1839 treatment revealed a significant dose-dependent reduction of TGF-alpha, bFGF, and VEGF expression in cancer cells and of neoangiogenesis, as determined by microvessel count. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of ZD1839 was potentiated in combination with the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel in GEO tumor xenografts. Tumor regression was observed in all mice after treatment with ZD1839 plus paclitaxel, and it was accompanied by a significant potentiation in inhibition of TGF-alpha, VEGF, and bFGF expression with a few or no microvessels. Furthermore, 6 of 16 mice bearing well-established, palpable GEO xenografts had no histological evidence of GEO tumors at the end of treatment with ZD1839 plus paclitaxel. These results demonstrate that the antitumor effect of ZD1839 is accompanied by inhibition in the production of autocrine and paracrine growth factors that sustain autonomous local growth and facilitate angiogenesis, and that this effect can be potentiated by the combined treatment with certain cytotoxic drugs, such as paclitaxel.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy. fortunatociardiello@yahoo.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciardiello
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Damiano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fontanini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuccato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Placido
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D008222:Lymphokines; D011799:Quinazolines; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077156:Gefitinib