title: Does chronic illness cause adverse social and economic consequences among Swedes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an international comparison, the Swedish welfare system has been known for universal coverage and high benefit levels. Perhaps this is the reason why very few studies recently have dealt with the social and economic consequences of long-term illness in Sweden.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The research question raised here is therefore to examine chronic illness (defined as limiting longstanding illness. LLSI) as a causal factor contributing adverse financial conditions, unemployment or labour market exclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal design was employed with data from a sample of 27,773 people interviewed twice (Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions performed by Statistics Sweden), including subjects (n = 12,556) at interview I, without chronic illness or adverse socioeconomic conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratios for labour market exclusion, unemployment, and financial difficulties among people who had acquired LLSI at interview II varied between 1.4 and 4.0 for the outcomes. The elevated OR decreased after testing for the mediating effect of social context and the labour market position for financial difficulties but remained significantly elevated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that LLSI increases the risk of adverse financial conditions, unemployment, and of not being economically active.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burström
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diderichsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015984:Causality; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data