title: Disruption of the EF-2 kinase/Hsp90 protein complex: a possible mechanism to inhibit glioblastoma by geldanamycin.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most treatment-resistant brain tumor. Elongation factor-2 (EF-2) kinase (calmodulin kinase III) is a unique protein kinase that is overexpressed in glioma cell lines and in human surgical specimens. Several mitogens activate this kinase and inhibitors block mitogen activation and produce cell death. Geldanamycin (GA) is a benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic that disrupts Hsp90-protein interactions. Because EF-2 kinase is chaperoned by Hsp90, we investigated the effects of GA on the viability of glioma cells, the expression of EF-2 kinase protein, and the interaction between Hsp90 and EF-2 kinase. GA was a potent inhibitor of the clonogenicity of four glioma cells lines with IC(50)s ranging from 1 to 3 nM. 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), a less toxic and less potent derivative of GA, inhibited the clonogenicity of glioma cells with IC(50) values of 13 nM in C6 cells and 35 nM in T98G cells. Treatment of cell lines for 24-48 h of GA or 17-AAG disrupted EF-2-kinase/Hsp90 interactions as measured by coimmunoprecipitation, resulting in a decreased amount of recoverable kinase in cell lysates. The ability of GA to inhibit the growth of glioma cells was abrogated by overexpressing EF-2 kinase. In addition, 17-AAG significantly inhibited the growth of a glioma xenograft in nude mice. These studies demonstrate for the first time the activity of GAs against human gliomas in vitro and in vivo and suggest that destruction of EF-2 kinase may be an important cytotoxic mechanism of this unique class of drug.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iannone
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Hait
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D054736:Elongation Factor 2 Kinase; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D016227:Benzoquinones; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D011809:Quinones; D017828:Rifabutin; C112765:tanespimycin; C517689:EEF2K protein, human; C517691:Eef2k protein, rat; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C517690:Eef2k protein, mouse; D054736:Elongation Factor 2 Kinase; C001277:geldanamycin