title: Botulinum toxin for treatment of spasticity in adults.
abstract: Although a few hundred papers have been published on the treatment of adult spasticity with botulinum toxin, the number of randomized placebo-controlled double-blind studies, by comparison, is relatively small. Criteria of highest evidence classes are met by the following observations: 1) Botulinum toxin improves motor functions (ability to walk and stand in the presence of spastic equinus deformity and knee flexor spasticity, upper-extremity movements). 2) Botulinum toxin makes attendance of spastic adults easier (personal hygiene in patients presenting with severe adductor spasticity; self-care and dressing in the presence of arm spasticity). 3) Early initiation of treatment with botulinum toxin yields better results than delayed institution (hemispasticity).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Paracelsus-Klinik Zwickau Werdauer Strasse 68 D-08060 Zwickau, Germany. Reichel@botulinumtoxin.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reichel
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins