title: Volume supplementation with iso-sodium solution prevents hypernatremia after head injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate our developed volume supplement protocol in preventing hypernatremia after head injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iso-sodium solution was infused to keep the 8-hour water balance positive in 20 head-injured patients with hypotonic urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum sodium concentrations moved to within a normal range in 6 patients and were temporarily increased in 12 patients. Seven of the 12 showed a negative cumulative water balance and slightly low creatinine clearance. Mean arterial pressure in the other five patients was lower after supplementation and was positively related to sodium excretion. Hypernatremia could not be prevented in the other two patients and they did not survive. Creatinine clearance was below 40 mL/min/m2 in these two patients before supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our protocol worked effectively in patients in whom renal function was preserved. Decreased creatinine clearance because of preexisting dehydration and lower arterial pressure disturbed increase in urinary sodium excretion and temporarily aggravated the hypernatremia.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Senshu Critical Care Medical Center, 2-24 Rinku Orai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-0048 Japan. mizobata@sccmc.izumisano.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizobata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D001810:Blood Volume; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012964:Sodium / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine