title: Head injuries in skiers: an analysis of injury severity and outcome.
abstract: To examine the incidence, injury severity, and outcomes of persons hospitalized as a result of ski-related head trauma, a cross-sectional survey was carried out from the Colorado traumatic brain injury database. This database is an ongoing population-based statewise surveillance system, compiled by the Department of Public Health and Environment. Participants were Colorado residents who sustained a head injury while skiing at Colorado ski resorts and hospitalized over three full ski seasons (1994--1997). Injury severity measures included GCS, ISS, AIS, and presence/absence of intracranial lesion, skull fracture and amnesia. Outcome measures included GOS and hospital length of stay. Mean injury severity scores were as follows: GCS 14.51 (SD=0.99), AIS 2.98 (0.99) and ISS 13.17 (6.71). Twenty-four per cent sustained skull fracture, 39% had intracranial lesions, and 79% demonstrated amnesia. Mean length of stay was 4.31 days (10.58). Head injury incidence was 0.77 per 100 000 ski visits (age-specific range=0.17--1.91). Males were more likely to have a skull fracture and evidence of intracranial lesion. Finally, children and older adults were at increased risk of ski-related head trauma, suggesting head injury prevention programmes geared toward these age groups should be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1004, USA. ptd2m@Virginia.edu
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Denkhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology