title: Experiences from long-term research cooperation between Costa Rican, Nicaraguan, and Swedish institutions.
abstract: This paper summarizes experiences from long-term ongoing cooperation between Swedish research institutions and institutions at the National Universities in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 24 researchers and teachers from the Central American institutions and ten Swedish research students have been trained. In addition to three full doctoral and three licentiate (two-year PhD program) theses, the two programs have so far published 15 articles in English-language, international, refereed journals and about three times as many abstracts for conferences in more than ten countries. A "sandwich" model for training is recommended, where the southern researchers come to the wealthier partner for collaborative analyses and write-ups of the publications, while spending 50-75% of their time in their home countries for data collection. Such collaboration should be planned for a time span of at least eight years and include substantial numbers of researchers and students. Means to minimize the risk of brain drain are suggested. The collaboration has been important for the globalization of the research cultures at the participating institutions and has trained international experts.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hogstedt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahlbom
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aragon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kautsky
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lidén
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sundin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tedengren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thörn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wesseling
mesh_terms: D003364:Costa Rica; D004782:Environmental Health; D007393:International Educational Exchange; D009527:Nicaragua; D016272:Occupational Health; D012106:Research / Q000193:education*; D013548:Sweden; D014116:Toxicology / Q000193:education