title: Is lithium response related to G(s)alpha levels in transformed lymphoblasts from subjects with bipolar disorder?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A series of studies from independent laboratories have found increased levels of G(s)alpha in bipolar disorder in postmortem brain and peripheral blood cells. Long-term lithium administration blunts G-protein coupled cAMP signaling and may regulate G(s)alpha levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured G(s)alpha in transformed lymphoblasts obtained from subjects with bipolar disorder and compared the findings with 23 age- and sex-matched controls. To reduce patient heterogeneity, we included only patients with an excellent response to lithium prophylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no differences in G(s)alpha protein levels measured with immunoblotting. G(s)alpha levels did not correlate with age, age of onset or duration of lithium therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study made use of transformed lymphoblasts, which may not fully represent changes that occur in regionalized brain tissue. Furthermore, the transformed lymphoblasts used in this study were acquired from a select group of bipolar disorder subjects that responded to lithium treatment. Lastly, consideration has to be given to the small sample size of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with recent observations suggesting that mood state and treatment effects may account at least in part for increased G(s)alpha levels in bipolar disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a need to further characterize biological phenotypes in subjects with mood disorders to enhance genetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grof
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turecki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavazzoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grof
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D005260:Female; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D018021:Lithium Chloride