title: Lack of association between polymorphisms of catalase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular SOD and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes and macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between the polymorphisms of three different antioxidative enzyme - catalase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ Zn-SOD) and extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) - genes and macroangiopathy was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of the missense Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and its association with macroangiopathy were also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. Setting. District around Oulu University Hospital, North Finland. Subjects and methods. A total of 239 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 245 control subjects were screened. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) was based on clinical and ECG criteria. The prevalences of cerebrovascular (CVD) and peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) were assessed on the basis of clinical criteria. Laboratory analyses were carried out in the hospital laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the antioxidative enzymes were found between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and controls. The eNOS genotypes and allele frequencies were also similar in the diabetic patients and controls being close to that reported earlier in the British population. None of the polymorphisms were associated with macro- or microangiopathy or hypertension. However, male diabetic patients with eNOS Asp298Asp genotype had higher plasma very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and VLDL-triglyceride concentrations than those with the genotypes Glu298Glu or Glu298Asp (P < 0.01 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphism of catalase, Cu/Zn SOD and EC-SOD genes were not related to cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The eNOS Glu298Asp variant was associated with plasma VLDL-containing lipoproteins but not with macroangiopathy in diabetic male patients. The findings do not support the notion that the polymorphisms of the key antioxidative enzymes could be amongst the factors that explain the high prevalence of macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Erkkilä
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002374:Catalase; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase