title: Dental service rates: age, period, and cohort effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Variation in dental service provision over time has been related to changes in factors such as oral health and demographics. Dentist factors such as age and cohort effects are also potential sources of influence. The aim of the study was to examine the operation of age, period, and cohort factors on variation in service rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  data were collected by a mailed survey of a random sample of 10% of male and 40% of female dentists from each state/territory of Australia in 1983-84, 1988-89. and 1993-94 with response rates of 73, 75 and 74% respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on main areas of service were obtained from a log of service items provided on a typical day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poisson regressions of rates for the 10 main areas of service over time showed increased rates over the study period for diagnostic, preventive, endodontic, crown and bridge, general/miscellaneous and orthodontic services, and decreased rates of prosthodontic services. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that models for periodontal and endodontic services had a good fit. However, only endodontic services were readily interpretable in terms of descriptive trends. While the age-period-cohort model was preferred, age-period and age-cohort models were also examined because of problems of identification with age-period-cohort models. Endodontic rates were higher among younger dentist birth cohorts, and increased over the 10-year study period for most cohorts of dentists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If these effects for dentist cohorts were extrapolated over the next 10-year interval, the distribution of services would alter, with endodontic services emerging as a dominant area behind restorative, diagnostic, and preventive services.
authors.affiliation: AIHW Dental Statistics and Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Szuster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D015988:Cohort Effect; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013039:Specialties, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors