title: Effect of vitamin supplementation on cytokine response and on muscle damage after strenuous exercise.
abstract: The present double-blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated whether antioxidant vitamin supplementation was able to modulate the cytokine and lymphocyte responses after strenuous eccentric exercise. Furthermore, muscle enzyme release was examined to see whether antioxidant treatment could reduce muscle damage. Twenty male recreational runners randomly received either antioxidants (500 mg of vitamin C and 400 mg of vitamin E) or placebo for 14 days before and 7 days after a 5% downhill 90-min treadmill run at 75% .VO(2 max). Although the supplemented group differed significantly with regard to plasma vitamin concentration before and after exercise when compared with the placebo group, the two groups showed identical exercise-induced changes in cytokine, muscle enzyme, and lymphocyte subpopulations. The plasma level of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist increased 20- and 3-fold after exercise. The plasma level of creatine kinase was increased sixfold the day after exercise. The concentrations of CD4+ memory T cells, CD8+ memory and naïve T cells, and natural killer cells increased at the end of exercise. The total lymphocyte concentration was below prevalues in the postexercise period. In conclusion, the present study does not support the idea that exercise-induced inflammatory responses are induced by free oxygen radicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Blegsamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ibfelt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richelle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Offord
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halkjaer-Kristensen
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000032:analysis; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017252:CD3 Complex; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D005609:Free Radicals; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D019041:L-Selectin; D014810:Vitamin E; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D001205:Ascorbic Acid