title: Analysis of three-dimensional ultrasound Doppler for the detection of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relative effectiveness of Doppler ultrasound quantitative measures in discriminating prostate cancer from normal prostate tissue. The true locations of prostate cancer within these prostates were determined by histologic examination after radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound data were acquired from 39 men before radical prostatectomy. The removed prostates were sectioned and all cancerous regions in each prostate were identified on whole-mount hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides. The ultrasound and histologic data were then spatially registered. Biopsy results were simulated on a grid of potential sites within each prostate. Along each simulated biopsy site, the amount of cancer was computed from the hematoxylin-eosin-identified cancerous regions and the peak speed-weighted pixel density (SWD) was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By selecting the biopsy sites with higher associated SWDs within each sextant, the probability of having at least one positive biopsy within a prostate increased from 75% if the SWD was ignored to 85% if only the top 15% of potential biopsy sites in each sextant were selected. This trend was seen within each sextant individually as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doppler ultrasound provides discriminatory information for prostate cancer using the SWD. Translating this into a practical strategy that might improve the yield of prostate biopsy remains under development. The results of our study indicate that biopsying regions of high Doppler color could potentially increase the cancer yield to a small degree and improve the accuracy of the biopsy results. These results also objectively verify previous visual studies suggesting a modest improvement with the use of color Doppler.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moskalik
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bree
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fowlkes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wojno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Montie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color