title: Six-year clinical effect of donor bone marrow infusions in renal transplant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, several single- and multicenter clinical trials have attempted to induce specific immunological unresponsiveness using donor bone marrow cell infusions to augment solid organ transplantation, but the outcomes have not been definitive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1994 and May 1998, 63 cadaver (CAD) renal transplant recipients of either one or two postoperative donor bone marrow cell (DBMC) infusions were prospectively compared with 219 non-infused controls given equivalent immunosuppression. There was at least a 1 HLA DR antigen match present between donors and recipients. The immunosuppressive regimen included a 10-day course of OKT3 induction, and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and methylprednisolone maintenance. A total 7.01x10(8)+/-1.9x10(8) (SD) DBMC/kg was infused into the CAD recipients on either days 4 and 11 (n=42) or one half of that dose on day 4 (n=21) postoperatively. Clinical follow-up has ranged from 2.9 to 6.3 years (mean, 4.7 years). Studies were also performed of humoral immunity and quantitative cellular chimerism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is clear-cut equivalence in immunosuppressive dosaging and in the other major demographic variables in both groups. However, only 2/63 DBMC recipients had biopsy-proven chronic rejection, whereas 41/219 showed chronic rejection in the controls (P = <0.01). In both groups, mortality was not associated with rejection. The actuarial graft survival at 6.3 years in the CAD DBMC group was 84.3% compared with 72.2% in the control group (not statistically significant). However, if death with a functioning graft was excluded, graft survival was 94.1% in the DBMC group and 79.8% in the controls (P=0.039). Forty patients in the control group continue to have deteriorating renal function (increasing serum creatinine concentrations to 2 mg/dl and higher), compared with 2 patients in the DBMC group (P=0.04). In the DBMC group, chimerism in iliac crest marrow aspirates has increased 3-fold in yearly sequential measurements between 1 and 4 years postoperatively averaging 1.3+/-0.36% (SE) most recently. This has not occurred in the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There now appears to be more solid long-term evidence, in kidney transplant recipients prospectively receiving DBMC infusions, of an improvement in long-term graft survival, and of the degree of chimerism positively correlating with the absence of graft loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101, USA. gciancio@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciancio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Garcia-Morales
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carreno
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kupin
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tzakis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esquenazi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002678:Chimera; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine