title: Changing epidemiology of HIV type 1 infections in India: evidence of subtype B introduction in Bombay from a common source.
abstract: India has experienced multiple introductions of diverse HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, and E, along with subtype B of HIV-2 between the 1980s and early 1990s. In this study, we have carried out a molecular investigation of 21 heterosexually and vertically acquired HIV-infected individuals from the New Bombay area, who tested positive for HIV-1 by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay. We have sequenced the proviral DNA segments from the uncultured PBMCs in the hypervariable env V(3) region (286 bp) and a full-length vpr gene (291 bp). Overall, phylogenetic clustering of all Indian strains and also their clustering with subtype B strains were evident from both V(3)- and vpr gene-based trees, strongly supporting their recent introduction from a common source. This is the first report on subtype B introduction in Bombay, a region where subtype C predominates. Overall, these subtype B strains from Bombay shared genetic closeness with subtype B strains from Europe, the United States, and Asia.
authors.affiliation: Retroviral Genetics Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Halani
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gharpure
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hira
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Saksena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002648:Child; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011533:Proviruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments