title: Liver resections with or without pedicle clamping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreasing operative bleeding during liver resection, and thus extent of transfusions, has become a main criterion to evaluate operative results of hepatectomies. Hepatic pedicle clamping (HPC) is widely used for this purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate safety, efficacy, technique, and contraindications of HPC during liver resections, comparing results of resections performed with or without HPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 245 liver resections were analyzed. In all, 125 resections were performed with HPC (group A), continuous in 100 cases and intermittent in 25 cases. The average duration of ischemia in group A was 39 +/- 20 minutes (range 7 to 107). In 20 cases (16%) ischemia was prolonged for 60 minutes or more. A total of 120 resections were performed without HPC (group B). Major resections were 53.6% in group A (67 cases) and 38.3% in group B (46 cases). Cirrhosis was present in 36 cases, 19 in group A and 17 in group B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality was nil. Postoperative mortality was 2.9%, morbidity 22.4%. Percentage of transfused cases (34.4% versus 60.0%; P <0.001) and number of blood units per transfused case (2 +/- 1 versus 4 +/- 3; P <0.001) were lower in group A versus group B. Similar figures were found by considering only major resections. Postoperative blood chemistries did not show important differences between the two groups, and postoperative alterations were related more to extent and complexity of the operation than to length of HPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPC during liver resection is a safe and effective technique. This is demonstrated in a context where HPC is used continuously in most cases, intermittently in cases with impaired liver function and for more prolonged ischemia, and avoided in cases with limited bleeding, jaundice, and simultaneous bowel anastomoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary Surgery Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, School of Medicine, L.go A Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. chirucsc@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nuzzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giuliante
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vellone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Cosmo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007511:Ischemia; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome