title: Pharmacologic characterization of BMS-191095, a mitochondrial K(ATP) opener with no peripheral vasodilator or cardiac action potential shortening activity.
abstract: Previous work described ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)) openers (e.g., BMS-180448), which retain the cardioprotective activity of agents such as cromakalim while being significantly less potent as vasodilators. In this study, we describe the pharmacologic profile of BMS-191095, which is devoid of peripheral vasodilating activity while retaining glyburide-reversible cardioprotective activity. In isolated rat hearts subjected to 25 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion, BMS-191095 increased the time to onset of ischemic contracture with an EC(25) of 1.5 microM, which is comparable to 4.7 microM and 3.0 microM for cromakalim and BMS-180448, respectively. Comparisons of cardioprotective and vasorelaxant potencies in vitro and in vivo showed BMS-191095 to be significantly more selective for cardioprotection with virtually no effect on peripheral smooth muscle, whereas cromakalim showed little selectivity. In addition to increasing the time to the onset of contracture, BMS-191095 improved postischemic recovery of function and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release in the isolated rat hearts. The cardioprotective effects of BMS-191095 were abolished by glyburide and sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). BMS-191095 did not shorten action potential duration in normal or hypoxic myocardium within its cardioprotective concentration range nor did it activate sarcolemmal K(ATP) current (< or =30 microM). BMS-191095 opened cardiac mitochondrial K(ATP) with a K(1/2) of 83 nM, and this was abolished by glyburide and 5-HD. These results show that the cardioprotective effects of BMS-191095 are dissociated from peripheral vasodilator and cardiac sarcolemmal K(ATP) activation. Agents like BMS-191095 may owe their cardioprotective selectivity to selective mitochondrial K(ATP) activation.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Pennington, New Jersey 08534-4000, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: D'Alonzo
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Garlid
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bajgar
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lodge
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Sleph
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Darbenzio
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paucek
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Atwal
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019806:Cromakalim / Q000494:pharmacology; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects*; D006880:Hydroxy Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C428117:BMS 191095; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D006146:Guanidines; D006880:Hydroxy Acids; D007093:Imidazoles; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019806:Cromakalim; C052853:5-hydroxydecanoic acid; C084684:BMS 180448; D011188:Potassium; D005905:Glyburide