title: Endoscopic and surgical repair of the ureter.
abstract: Endoscopy has justified its leading position in ureteral surgery. Recent advances in this field have pushed forward the frontiers and enabled the treatment of difficult ureteral strictures and congenital abnormalities such as megaureter and ureteroceles. The use of the ileum is, however, still the reference for ureteral replacement. An ileal ureter may be performed laparoscopically, but it remains an invasive procedure. In the near future the development of ureteral prostheses could simplify the management of ureteral replacement. For that purpose, and in selected cases, alloplastic ureteral prostheses may already have clinical applications. Bioengineered ureteral prostheses are still at an experimental stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. f.dgc@chu-stlouis.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Desgrandchamps
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods