title: Factors influencing the development of an anti-factor IX (FIX) immune response following administration of adeno-associated virus-FIX.
abstract: The present study sought to determine the impact of the route of administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding human factor IX (hFIX) on the induction of an immune response against the vector and its xenogenic transgene product, hFIX. Increasing doses of AAV-hFIX were administered by different routes to C57Bl/6 mice, which typically demonstrate significant immune tolerance to hFIX. The route of delivery had a profound impact on serum hFIX levels as well as the induction of an anti-hFIX humoral immune response. At all dose levels tested, delivery of AAV-hFIX by an intramuscular (IM) route induced an antibody response against the human FIX protein and no hFIX was detected in the serum of animals even at doses of 2 x 10(11) DNA viral particles (vp) of AAV-hFIX. This was in stark contrast to the mice that received AAV-hFIX by intraportal vein (IPV) administration. No anti-hFIX inhibitors were observed in any of these mice and therapeutic levels of hFIX were detected in the serum of all mice that received doses of 2 x 10(10) vp AAV-hFIX and higher. When pre-existing neutralizing immunity to AAV was established in mice, AAV-hFIX administration by either the IM or IPV routes did not result in detectable serum hFIX. Although hFIX expression was not observed in mice with pre-existing neutralizing immunity to AAV, an anti-hFIX response was induced in all of the animals that received AAV-hFIX by the IM route. This was not observed in the preimmune mice that received AAV-hFIX by IPV administration. These results suggest that the threshold of inducing an immune response against a secreted transgene product, in this case the xenoprotein hFIX, is lower when the vector is administered by the IM route even in animals with pre-existing immunity to AAV. (Blood. 2001;97:3733-3737)
authors.affiliation: Cell Genesys, Dept of Preclinical Biology and Immunology, 342 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Roey
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McArthur
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile / Q000097:blood*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005164:Factor IX / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005164:Factor IX