title: Double bag or Y-set versus standard transfer systems for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in end-stage renal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritonitis is the most frequent serious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). It has a major influence on the number of patients switching from CAPD to haemodialysis and has probably restricted the wider acceptance and uptake of CAPD as an alternative mode of dialysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This systematic review sought to determine if modifications of the transfer set (Y-set or double bag systems) used in CAPD exchanges are associated with a reduction in peritonitis and an improvement in other relevant outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A broad search strategy was employed which attempted to identify all RCTs or quasi-RCTs relevant to the management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Five electronic databases were searched (Medline 1966-1999, EMBASE 1984-1999, CINAHL 1982-1996, BIOSIS 1985-1996 and the Cochrane Library), authors of included studies and relevant biomedical companies were contacted, reference lists of identified RCTs and relevant narrative reviews were screened and Kidney International 1980-1997 was hand searched.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing double bag, Y-set and standard CAPD exchange systems in patients with ESRD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were abstracted by a single investigator onto a standard form and subsequently entered into Review Manager 4.0.4. Odds Ratio (OR) for dichotomous data and a (Weighted) Mean Difference (WMD) for continuous data were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve eligible trials with a total of 991 randomised patients were identified. In trials comparing either the Y-set or double bag systems with the standard systems significantly fewer patients (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.46) experienced peritonitis and the number of patient-months on CAPD per episode of peritonitis were consistently greater. When the double bag systems were compared with the Y-set systems significantly fewer patients experienced peritonitis (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.71) and the numbers of patient-months on CAPD/ episode of peritonitis were also greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double bag systems should be the preferred exchange systems in CAPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, AB25 2ZD. c.daly@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cody
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic