Cisapride associated with QTc prolongation in very low birth weight preterm infants.
OBJECTIVE
No systematic study has been performed to evaluate the effect of cisapride on the QT interval in premature infants. Cisapride, which has recently been withdrawn by the Food and Drug Administration and is no longer an approved therapy, was commonly used for preterm infant care to improve the advance of enteral feedings and to reduce reflux and associated apnea. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of recommended doses of cisapride on the QT interval in this population.


METHODS
Prospective blinded evaluation of electrocardiogram for QT, JT, QTc, and JTc measurements in 25 preterm infants before and after cisapride administration.


RESULTS
Twelve of 25 infants (48%) developed repolarization abnormalities with cisapride administration: 32% of the infants (8/25) studied had QTc prolongation (>/=0.450 seconds), whereas 10/25 had JTc prolongation (>/=0.360 seconds). Preterm infants <32 weeks significantly prolonged their QTc interval from 0.41 +/- 0.02 to 0.44 +/- 0.02. The QTc and/or JTc was prolonged in 54% of infants receiving 0.1 mg/kg/dose and 42% receiving 0.2 mg/kg/dose.


CONCLUSIONS
The QTc and JTc interval significantly prolonged in preterm infants <32 weeks on the recommended dose of cisapride therapy. A QTc >/=0.450 seconds developed in 32% of infants treated with cisapride, whereas the JTc prolonged in 40%. A significant percentage of infants (54%) developed prolonged QTc intervals at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/dose. From these data we conclude that there is a higher risk of prolongation of the QTc interval and risk of arrhythmias with greater prematurity.
Dubin
A
A
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. amdubin@leland.stanford.edu
Kikkert
M
M
Mirmiran
M
M
Ariagno
R
R
D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D020117:Cisapride / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005865:Gestational Age; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011446:Prospective Studies
D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D020117:Cisapride