title: Breathing pattern and perception at different levels of volume assist and pressure support in volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Volume assist (VA) amplifies the breathing effort whereas pressure support ventilation (PSV) provides a fixed, effort-independent ventilatory support. According to the concept of VA, its level should compensate for the pathologically increased (additional) elastance (Eadd). However, it is unclear whether breathing subjects prefer an exact compensation of Eadd and whether they are able to adjust the support level by themselves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy volunteers, nine females, three males, aged 21-33 yrs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Increased Eadd was generated by banding of the thorax and abdomen. Volunteers breathed via a mouthpiece with VA or PSV using a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O (0.5 kPa). The study was subdivided into two parts. In part I, volunteers were instructed to adjust the level of VA and PSV themselves starting from three different, randomly applied levels in each mode (2, 8, 14 cm H2O or cm H2O/L; 0.2, 0.8, 1.4 kPa[/L]). In part II, 20 levels of VA and PSV (1-20 cm H2O or cm H2O/L, 0.1-2 kPa[/L]) were randomly selected by an investigator and estimated by the volunteers using a visual analog scale. Additionally, the breathing pattern was characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eadd (7.1 +/- 1.5 cm H2O/L [0.7 +/- 0.2 kPa/L], mean +/- sd) corresponded almost exactly to the "self-adjusted" VA level of part I (7.0 +/- 3.3 cm H2O/L [0.7 +/- 0.3 kPa/L]) and to the adequate level of part II (8-9 cm H2O/L [0.8-0.9 kPa/L]). The accordant PSV levels were 5.7 +/- 2.6 cm H2O (0.6 +/- 0.3 kPa) and 6-7 cm H2O (0.6-0.7 kPa). The breathing pattern was less influenced by changes of the support level with VA compared with PSV, which may explain in part the greater comfort of VA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed the theoretical assumption that VA should be adapted to Eadd. Furthermore, we demonstrated that conscious subjects are able to adjust the level of VA and PSV themselves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mols
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haberthür
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guttmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000628:therapy