title: The treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.
abstract: This paper reviews the presentation, clinical features. and management of early-onset bipolar disorder. A framework for the treatment is based upon a systematic, critical appraisal of the available literature. A multimodal approach is emphasised using individual and family psychoeducational interventions in conjunction with pharmacotherapy. The role of mood stabilisers--lithium--and the anticonvulsants--sodium valproate and carbamazepine is reviewed, alongside the treatments for depression in bipolar disorder and refractory mania.
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Javaloyes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000296:Adolescent Psychiatry; D017668:Age of Onset; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002665:Child Psychiatry; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005196:Family Therapy; D006801:Humans; D011613:Psychotherapy
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents