title: Doc-2/hDab2 expression is up-regulated in primary pancreatic cancer but reduced in metastasis.
abstract: DOC-2/hDab2 (DOC-2) has tumor suppressive functions in ovarian cancer and choriocarcinoma. In these tumors, it negatively influences mitogenic signal transduction of growth factors and blocks ras activity. Pancreatic cancer exhibits a high frequency of K-ras gene mutations; however, it is not known whether DOC-2 expression is altered in these tumors. Therefore, we investigated DOC-2 expression in 22 pancreatic adenocarcinomas and in 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Findings in human tumors were compared with normal controls and correlated with clinicopathological data. Additionally, the influence of K-ras on DOC-2 transcription was investigated. Northern blot and Western blot analyses both demonstrated an increase of DOC-2 mRNA and protein levels in primary pancreatic cancers in comparison with normal controls. In situ hybridization showed DOC-2 mRNA expression in the majority of cancer cells of primary tumors, as well as in chronic pancreatitis-like lesions surrounding the cancer mass. Immunohistochemistry mirrored the in situ hybridization findings. In contrast, levels of expression of DOC-2 in lymph node metastases were markedly decreased in comparison with levels in primary tumors. In addition, in 5 metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines, DOC-2 mRNA and protein levels were low, whereas quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated relatively higher levels in a nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer cell line. In conclusion, DOC-2 is overexpressed in primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma but down-regulated in metastatic disease, suggesting a tumor suppressor function of DOC-2 in the late steps of pancreatic carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. helmut.friess@insel.ch
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleeff
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C102885:DAB2 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins