title: Alleviation of myocardial ischemia after Kawasaki disease by heparin and exercise therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heparin promotes angiogenesis. We evaluated the effects of combined treatment with heparin and exercise on myocardial ischemia in the chronic stage of Kawasaki disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study was conducted in 7 patients (aged 6 to 19 years) who had a totally occluded coronary artery and stress-induced myocardial ischemia in the collateral-dependent areas. Twice-daily exercise using a bicycle ergometer was performed with increments of 0.5 W/kg every 3 minutes up to maximal exertion for 10 days. Heparin, which immediately increased circulating hepatocyte growth factor, was given intravenously 10 minutes before each exercise period. Newly developed myocardial infarction, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, anginal attack, or hemorrhagic complication was not observed in any patient. Dipyridamole-loading single photon emission computed tomography documented improved myocardial perfusion in the collateral-dependent areas and a significant reduction in total defect scores in all patients after the completion of 20 sessions (P=0.01). In control patients who did not receive the heparin-exercise therapy, however, stress defect scores remained unchanged (n=1) or increased (n=2) during follow-up. Computerized quantitative coronary angiography provided evidence that the heparin-exercise therapy increased the diameter of the occluded artery to which collaterals terminated (P=0.001) but not that of the reference artery with which collaterals were not connected (P=0.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that a series of heparin and exercise treatments over 10 days may have a dramatic effect on the alleviation of myocardial ischemia in collateral-dependent regions. This may be a safe, noninvasive revascularization therapy for patients with coronary artery occlusion in the chronic stage of Kawasaki disease.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jibiki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oana
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin