title: Propofol potentiates phenylephrine-induced contraction via cyclooxygenase inhibition in pulmonary artery smooth muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors previously demonstrated in vivo that the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to the a agonist phenylephrine is potentiated during propofol anesthesia compared with the conscious state. The current in vitro study tested the hypothesis that propofol potentiates phenylephrine-induced contraction by inhibiting the synthesis and/or activity of vasodilator metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine pulmonary arterial rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in pulmonary arterial strips loaded with acetoxylmethyl ester of fura-2. After phenylephrine-induced contraction, propofol (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) was administered in the presence or absence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen (10(-5) M). The effects of propofol on the arachidonic acid and prostacyclin relaxation-response curves were assessed. The amount of 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha (stable metabolite of prostacyclin) released from pulmonary vascular smooth muscle in response to phenylephrine was measured with enzyme immunoassay in the presence or absence of propofol and ibuprofen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Propofol potentiated phenylephrine-induced contraction in pulmonary arterial rings in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent manner. In endothelium-denuded strips, propofol (10(-4) M) increased tension by 53+/-11%, and increased [Ca2+]i by 56+/-9%. Ibuprofen also potentiated phenylephrine-induced contraction but abolished the propofol-induced increases in tension and [Ca2+]i. Propofol had no effect on the relaxation response to prostacyclin, whereas propofol and ibuprofen attenuated the relaxation response to arachidonic acid to a similar extent. Phenylephrine markedly increased 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha production, and this effect was virtually abolished by propofol and ibuprofen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that propofol potentiates alpha-adrenoreceptor-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction by inhibiting the concomitant production of prostacyclin by cyclooxygenase.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004357:Drug Synergism; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D010656:Phenylephrine; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D011464:Epoprostenol; D002118:Calcium; D007052:Ibuprofen; D015742:Propofol