title: Polymerase chain reaction vs. conventional diagnosis in fine needle aspirates of tuberculous lymph nodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare four conventional methods of diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenophathy (TL)--namely fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), Zeihl-Neelsen staining of smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and lymph node biopsies--with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to assess the practicability and advantage of its use in routine diagnosis in a developing country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fine needle aspirates from 142 consecutive patients presenting with lymphadenopathy (mainly cervical) without any known systemic involvement underwent cytomorphologic diagnosis, AFB smears, culture for MTB, confirmatory biopsy and PCR for MTB. The aspirates from cases other than TL served as controls for PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correct diagnosis of tuberculosis could be made in 94.87% of cases by a combination of the four methods. PCR was done in 52 cases, 39 confirmed TL and 13 controls. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of PCR were 94.44%, 38.23%, 44.73% and 92.85%, respectively, when culture alone was considered the gold standard. However, specificity (38.23-92.30%) and PPV (44.73-97.36%) of PCR increased remarkably when response to treatment was taken as the final arbiter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four conventional tests were found to be the methods of choice for the diagnosis of TL in developing countries. PCR should be reserved for problem cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, U.P., India. madhu.goel@usa.net
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Dhole
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kushwaha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology