title: Rhythmic expression of Nocturnin mRNA in multiple tissues of the mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocturnin was originally identified by differential display as a circadian clock regulated gene with high expression at night in photoreceptors of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Although encoding a novel protein, the nocturnin cDNA had strong sequence similarity with a C-terminal domain of the yeast transcription factor CCR4, and with mouse and human ESTs. Since its original identification others have cloned mouse and human homologues of nocturnin/CCR4, and we have cloned a full-length cDNA from mouse retina, along with partial cDNAs from human, cow and chicken. The goal of this study was to determine the temporal pattern of nocturnin mRNA expression in multiple tissues of the mouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cDNA sequence analysis revealed a high degree of conservation among vertebrate nocturnin/CCR4 homologues along with a possible homologue in Drosophila. Northern analysis of mRNA in C3H/He and C57/Bl6 mice revealed that the mNoc gene is expressed in a broad range of tissues, with greatest abundance in liver, kidney and testis. mNoc is also expressed in multiple brain regions including suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland. Furthermore, mNoc exhibits circadian rhythmicity of mRNA abundance with peak levels at the time of light offset in the retina, spleen, heart, kidney and liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The widespread expression and rhythmicity of mNoc mRNA parallels the widespread expression of other circadian clock genes in mammalian tissues, and suggests that nocturnin plays an important role in clock function or as a circadian clock effector.
authors.affiliation: PEL-FREEZ Clinical Systems, LLC, 9099 North Deerbrook Trail, Brown Deer, WI 53223, USA. ywang@pel-freez.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Osterbur
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Megaw
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tosini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Besharse
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007426:Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C102804:nocturnin