title: Rare complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: two case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure with several known risks. We present two rarely reported complications of ERCP and sphincterotomy: transverse mesocolon disruption with ischemic colitis and splenic rupture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first patient, a 54-year-old female, presented one day following ERCP and stent revision for pancreas divisum. She presented with hypotension and abdominal distention. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a ruptured spleen, which was confirmed on laparotomy. She had a complicated postoperative course and died of multiple organ failure. The second patient is a 56-year-old female who presented five days after ERCP and sphincterotomy with abdominal pain, abdominal wall ecchymosis, and decreasing hematocrit. Her evaluation included hospital admission and abdominal CT scan, which showed free fluid and a large hematoma in the transverse mesocolon. These findings were confirmed on laparotomy and a devascularized segment of bowel was resected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only 6 cases of ERCP-related splenic injury have been reported in the literature. One additional report is available of a fatal splenic artery injury. No previous reports exist of a mesenteric hematoma resulting in bowel devascularization. Prompt evaluation and awareness of potential complications should help capture potentially life-threatening sequelae of ERCP.
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131-5341, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Schermer
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jamal
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017091:Colitis, Ischemic / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008646:Mesocolon / Q000293:injuries*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012421:Rupture; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D013161:Splenic Rupture / Q000209:etiology*