title: Ala/Thr60 variant of the Leydig insulin-like hormone is not associated with cryptorchidism in the Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leydig insulin-like hormone (Insl3), a member of the insulin-like superfamily, is specifically expressed in Leydig cells of fetal and postnatal murine testis. Recently, the absence of the Insl3 gene has been reported to result in bilateral cryptorchidism in male mice and it has been suggested that mutations of the INSL3 gene may cause cryptorchidism in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sequenced the INSL3 gene from five Japanese patients with sporadic bilateral cryptorchidism. Patients' genome DNA was prepared from blood leukocytes. Two exons of the INSL3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and were sequenced directly. A restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was performed on 70 control samples for analysis of polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of five cases had a heterozygous single-base change, a G to A transition at position 178 of the INSL3 gene, which predicts an alanine (GCC) to threonine (ACC) change at codon 60 (designated A60T). However, the A60T mutation was also found in the normal Japanese population at an allele frequency of 26%, which suggests that this mutation is a common polymorphism and is not associated with the occurrence of cryptorchidism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No mutation has been found in the INSL3 gene from Japanese patients with idiopathic cryptorchidism. We did find the A60T polymorphism, which was not associated with the occurrence of cryptorchidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C084797:Leydig insulin-like protein; D011506:Proteins