title: Evolutionary EST analysis identifies rapidly evolving male reproductive proteins in Drosophila.
abstract: Sequence comparisons of genomes or expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from related organisms provide insight into functional conservation and diversification. We compare the sequences of ESTs from the male accessory gland of Drosophila simulans to their orthologs in its close relative Drosophila melanogaster, and demonstrate rapid divergence of many of these reproductive genes. Nineteen ( approximately 11%) of 176 independent genes identified in the EST screen contain protein-coding regions with an excess of nonsynonymous over synonymous changes, suggesting that their divergence has been accelerated by positive Darwinian selection. Genes that encode putative accessory gland-specific seminal fluid proteins had a significantly elevated level of nonsynonymous substitution relative to nonaccessory gland-specific genes. With the 57 new accessory gland genes reported here, we predict that approximately 90% of the male accessory gland genes have been identified. The evolutionary EST approach applied here to identify putative targets of adaptive evolution is readily applicable to other tissues and organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA. wjs18@cornell.edu
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Waldrip-Dail
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wolfner
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Aquadro
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins