title: TSC1 and TSC2 tumor suppressors antagonize insulin signaling in cell growth.
abstract: Tuberous sclerosis is a human disease caused by mutations in the TSC1 or the TSC2 tumor suppressor gene. Previous studies of a Drosophila TSC2 homolog suggested a role for the TSC genes in maintaining DNA content, with loss of TSC2 leading to polyploidy and increased cell size. We have isolated mutations in the Drosophila homolog of the TSC1 gene. We show that TSC1 and TSC2 form a complex and function in a common pathway to control cellular growth. Unlike previous studies, our work shows that TSC1(-) or TSC2(-) cells are diploid. We find that, strikingly, the heterozygosity of TSC1 or TSC2 is sufficient to rescue the lethality of loss-of-function insulin receptor mutants. Further genetic analyses suggest that the TSC genes act in a parallel pathway that converges on the insulin pathway downstream from Akt. Taken together, our studies identified the TSC tumor suppressors as novel negative regulators of insulin signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D048429:Cell Size; D004171:Diploidy; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C000624650:TSC1 protein, human; C000624653:TSC2 protein, human; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; C494917:Akt1 protein, Drosophila; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt