title: Loss of T-cell receptor-CD3zeta and T-cell function in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes but not in tumor-associated lymphocytes in ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired T-cell function has been noted in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Recently, loss of function was found to be associated with modifications in T-cell receptor complex (TCR)-mediated signaling. A common feature is loss or reduced expression levels of the signaling chain, TCRzeta. We evaluated whether loss of function in TIL and tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) from patients with ovarian cancer is associated with changes in TCRzeta expression, and which factors can cause these defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  TIL and TAL were isolated from multiple patients and evaluated for their proliferative capacity by stimulation with a polyclonal stimulus. In addition, expression of TCRzeta and CD3epsilon was evaluated in fresh TIL and TAL by the Western blot technique. Finally, various conditions within a tumor environment were tested for their effect on TCRzeta and CD3epsilon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIL, but not TAL, were significantly impaired in their proliferative response, even when both populations were derived from the same patient (P <.05). Reduced proliferation levels were associated with loss of expression of TCRzeta but not of CD3epsilon. Exposure of normal T cells to relative ischemia or heat shock, or culture in medium without IL-2, did not significantly reduce expression of TCRzeta compared with CD3epsilon. However, coculture of T cells with tumor-derived macrophages or tumor-derived factors led to a selective loss of TCRzeta compared with CD3epsilon (P <.05). Further analysis suggested that oxides such as hydrogen peroxide secreted by macrophages may be responsible for loss of TCRzeta and high molecular weight factors secreted by certain tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIL but not TAL show impaired T-cell function, which is associated with loss of TCRzeta. In addition to macrophages secreting oxides, loss of TCRzeta may be caused by tumor-derived soluble factors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biologic Cancer Therapy, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lockhart
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Daust
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carritte
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Douville
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Goedegebuure
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Eberlein
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000032:analysis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C054979:antigen T cell receptor, zeta chain; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide