title: Application criteria for infrared ear thermometers in pediatric surgery.
abstract: Fever is an important and sensitive indicator of infectious diseases in children. For the past decades, measurement of body temperature in routine medical practice was limited to oral, rectal and axillary sites. In infants and children, however, temperature measurements are further limited to the rectal and axillary sites due to technical and clinical considerations. In the field of pediatric surgery, pathological and surgical conditions of the ano-rectal area often further restrict the application of conventional rectal temperature measurements. The application of tympanic temperature measurements in such pediatric surgical pathologies provides a reliable alternative to conventional rectal temperature measurements. The pediatric surgical clinico-pathological states where ear temperature measurements are the only mode of accurate temperature determination have been identified. Tympanic thermometry is well tolerated by children and predicts temperature with relative accuracy within a few seconds.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgical Clinic, University of Münster, Germany. dr.saxena@usa.net
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topp S
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinecke
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Willital
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013821:Thermometers / Q000592:standards*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*