title: Paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract: a phase II trial of the Minnie pearl cancer research network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients with advanced unresectable urothelial carcinoma entered this multi-centered, community-based, phase II trial between May 1997 and December 1999. All patients were treated with paclitaxel 200 mg/m(2) by 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion on day 1 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) IV on days 1, 8, and 15; courses were repeated every 21 days. Patients who had objective response or stable disease continued treatment for six courses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine of 54 patients (54%; 95% confidence interval, 40% to 67%) had major responses to treatment, including 7% complete responses. With a median follow-up of 24 months, 16 patients (30%) remain alive and nine (17%) are progression-free. The median survival for the entire group was 14.4 months; 1- and 2-year actuarial survival rates were 57% and 25%, respectively. Seven (47%) of 15 patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy responded to paclitaxel/gemcitabine. Grade 3/4 toxicity was primarily hematologic, including leukopenia (46%), thrombocytopenia (13%), and anemia (28%). Ten patients (19%) required hospitalization for neutropenia and fever, and one patient had treatment-related septic death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine is active and well tolerated in the first- or second-line treatment of patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. Response rate and duration compare favorably with those produced by other active, first-line regimens. This regimen should be further evaluated in phase II and III studies, as well as in patients with compromised renal function.
authors.affiliation: Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA. ameluch@tnonc.com
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meluch
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Burris
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Steis
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D017239:Paclitaxel; D000093542:Gemcitabine