title: [Impact of high remnant-like lipoproteins on the function of peripheral arterial endothelium in patients with hyperlipidemia and normolipidemia: estimation using Doppler flow analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholesterol levels of remnant-like lipoprotein (RLP-cholesterol: RLP-C), which reflect remnant lipoproteins, are associated with coronary arterial endothelial functions and cardiovascular events. The influence of RLP-C on peripheral vascular endothelial functions in patients with hyperlipidemia and normolipidemia was evaluated based on the reactivity of the antecubital artery to acetylcholine (Ach) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) using a Doppler guidewire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protocol 1: Five patients were selected, and the dose-response of the antecubital artery was evaluated by administering Ach (0.5, 5, and 50 micrograms/30 sec) or ISDN (0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 mg/30 sec). An index of vascular reactivity (brachial artery response: BR) was determined by dividing the maximal blood flow velocity after the administration of Ach or ISDN by resting blood flow velocity. Protocol 2: BR was evaluated in 48 patients after administering Ach 50 micrograms or ISDN 2.5 mg. Subsequently, these patients were divided into the following three groups based on early morning RLP-C levels: Group L (n = 11), RLP-C < 2.0 mg/dl (minimal detectable level); Group M (n = 21), 2.0 mg/dl < or = RLP-C < 5.0 mg/dl; and Group H (n = 16), 5.0 mg/dl < or = RLP-C. The factors that regulate BR-Ach 50 micrograms were also evaluated in 34 normolipidemic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protocol 1: BR dose-dependently increased after the administration of Ach and ISDN. Protocol 2: BR-Ach 50 micrograms was significantly less in Group H (3.1 +/- 0.8) than in Groups M (3.8 +/- 0.9, p < 0.03) and L (4.2 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in BR-ISDN 2.5 mg between the three groups. Univariate analysis in normolipidemic patients revealed that BR-Ach 50 micrograms was correlated with age (r = -0.355, p < 0.05), RLP-C (r = -0.488, p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.382, p < 0.03), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.354, p < 0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.406, p < 0.02). Multivariate analysis using these five factors as independent variables revealed that age, RLP-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol regulated BR-Ach 50 micrograms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction may occur in patients with high levels of RLP-C. RLP-C is an independent lipid factor that regulates peripheral vascular endothelial functions even in normolipidemic patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Ehime National Hospital, Yokogawara 366, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime 791-0281.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Funada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akutsu
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood*; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C112017:remnant-like particle cholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; D000109:Acetylcholine