title: Dual role of interferon-gamma signalling pathway in sensitivity of pancreatic beta cells to immune destruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disruption of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) signalling pathway at the level of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) protects islets against cytokine-induced nitric oxide production and cell death in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a global disruption of IFN-gamma signalling, or a selective disruption of IRF-1, on beta-cell sensitivity to in vivo immune destruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a first set of experiments, IFN-gamma receptor knockout mice (IFN-gammaR-/-) and interferon regulatory factor-1 knockout mice (IRF-1-/-) were rendered diabetic by injections of 50 mg streptozotocin i. p. on 5 consecutive days (MLDSTZ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas no difference in sensitivity to MLDSTZ-induced diabetes could be observed between IFN-gammaR-/- mice and their 129/Sv/Ev controls (50% vs 55%, NS), there was an increased incidence of diabetes in IRF-1-/- mice (100% vs 67% in C57B1/6 mice, p < 0.05). A similar increased sensitivity to immune destruction of IRF-1-/- islets was observed when these islets were used as allografts. Islet graft survival rate of IFN-gammaR-/- and 129/Sv/Ev islets, when transplanted in alloxan-diabetic BALB/c recipients, was comparable (12.0 +/- 1.9 days vs 12.9 +/- 2.3 days, NS). Allograft rejection, however, of IRF-1-/- islets by BALB/c recipients occurred more rapidly than following transplantation to their C57B1/6 controls (9.1 +/- 2.0 days vs 13.1 +/- 1.5 days, p < 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that IFN-gamma signal transduction at the beta-cell level is not essential for immune beta-cell destruction in vivo. Moreover, disruption of the IRF-1 gene in pancreatic islets increases susceptibility to beta-cell killing, suggesting that IRF-1 might be necessary for the expression of putative beta-cell "defence and/or repair" genes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gysemans
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouillon
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Eizirik
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006085:Graft Survival; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D000096743:Interferon gamma Receptor
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000096743:Interferon gamma Receptor; C494258:Irf1 protein, mouse; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse