title: Regulation of translation factors during hindlimb unloading and denervation of skeletal muscle in rats.
abstract: In the rat, denervation and hindlimb unloading are two commonly employed models used to study skeletal muscle atrophy. In these models, muscle atrophy is generally produced by a decrease in protein synthesis and an increase in protein degradation. The decrease in protein synthesis has been suggested to occur by an inhibition at the level of protein translation. To better characterize the regulation of protein translation, we investigated the changes that occur in various translation initiation and elongation factors. We demonstrated that both hindlimb unloading and denervation produce alterations in the phosphorylation and/or total amount of the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha-subunit, and eukaryotic elongation factor 2. Our findings indicate that the regulation of these protein translation factors differs between the models of atrophy studied and between the muscles evaluated (e.g., soleus vs. extensor digitorum longus).
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hornberger
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kandarian
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Esser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054736:Elongation Factor 2 Kinase; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000294:innervation*; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension; D015151:Immunoblotting; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; C517691:Eef2k protein, rat; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D054736:Elongation Factor 2 Kinase