title: The impact of traumatic brain injury on family members living with patients: a preliminary study in Japan and the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the views of families living with TBI patients about the nature of the problems experienced as a result of TBI, and to compare the views of Japanese family members (J-FM) and British family members (B-FM) in order to find out whether there were cultural differences in family response to TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family members involved in providing care were identified by the patients. Face to face interviews were conducted with all 18 carers in B-FM and four carers in J-FM. The remaining eight carers in J-FM participated in the postal questionnaire. Questionnaires were developed to explore the nature of problems and the involvement of family such as social embarrassment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Problems arising in families were almost the same reported from both groups. However families in B-FM were likely to know more about how to cope with these problems. Family members in J-FM reported more statistically significant increases in social embarrassment than those in B-FM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary results showed that family members living with TBI patients in both groups had experienced problems. Appropriate rehabilitation services should be developed to help families as well as TBI patients in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saga Medical School, Japan. yuriko@zc4.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiel
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: McLellan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009679:Nuclear Family / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D006113:United Kingdom