title: Fleeting foreskins: the misclassification of male circumcision status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Errors in the classification of male circumcision status could bias studies linking infection to lack of circumcision.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and factors associated with the reproducibility of reporting circumcision status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data using logistic regression modeling from a multicenter randomized controlled trial was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up assessment, 15.6% of clinician reports on circumcision status disagreed with baseline reports. Disagreement was more common if both clinicians were women than if both were men (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.1). As compared with whites reported as circumcised (4%, 19/532 visits), the highest disagreement involved uncircumcised Hispanic (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7-6.3), white (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 5.8-25.6), or black (OR, 17.1; 95% CI, 10.4-27.9) men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one study among a small number of studies examining the reproducibility of clinician-reported circumcision status by comparing multiple clinical examinations of the same patient. The magnitude of the misclassification discovered could bias results and indicates the need for greater accuracy in reporting circumcision status in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Diseker
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kamb
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Peterman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zenilman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lentz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Malotte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iatesta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015982:Bias; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology