title: Maximal local and minimal systemic cytokine response to colorectal surgery: the influence of perioperative filgrastim.
abstract: Thirty consecutive patients scheduled for elective colorectal surgery were prospectively randomized to receive either filgrastim [the recombinant human form of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r-metHu-G-CSF)] or placebo blindly. The levels of interleukin (IL-)1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and IL-10 were determined 5 and 24 h postoperatively from peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and wound fluid. The concentrations of all the measured cytokines were enormously higher locally at the operative site than in the systemic circulation. The only difference between the two medication groups was the lower concentration of IL-8 in peripheral blood in the filgrastim-treated patients. The present study shows abundant release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines into the wound and the peritoneal cavity after abdominal surgery. The systemic response to surgery seems to be a secondary and minor reflection of local events. Filgrastim did not have any effect on the studied local cytokine levels at the operative site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. Heikki.Wiik@ppshp.fi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karttunen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haukipuro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Syrjälä
mesh_terms: D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000379:methods; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D010919:Placebos; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010919:Placebos; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim