title: Thoracoscopy as a nonpharmacotherapeutic research modification for limiting postoperative chest pain.
abstract: Diminished tissue injury and shortened clinical recovery are benefits of using an endoscopic approach for patients needing operative procedure. In the course of developing an experimental model requiring procurement of topographically precise lung biopsy specimens, we sought to apply thoracoscopy as a research alternative to thoracotomy. In addition, we investigated the influence of thoracoscopy on postprocedure recovery practices using rabbits divided into four treatment groups. Rabbit groups 1 and 2 underwent thoracoscopy and lung biopsy while maintained by one-lung anesthesia. Additionally, group 2 had ketoprofen and bupivacaine HCl analgesics injected for treatment during postprocedure recovery. These two groups were compared to control rabbits in groups 3 and 4, which underwent inhalant anesthesia without thoracoscopy. Control group 3 also received the injection analgesic combination. During recovery, rabbit behavior was systematically assessed for evidence of pain. No behavior considered indicative of pain needing intervention was observed regardless of treatment group. Limited changes in plasma corticosterone, catecholamines, and prostaglandin E2 levels measured during recovery were difficult to associate with any treatment. Unexpectedly, significantly different mean corticosterone and catecholamines levels were detected in rabbits given the injection analgesic combination in the absence of thoracoscopic procedure, as compared to other treatment groups. The results highlight the importance of awareness that analgesic drug administration has the potential to alter homeostasis and affect interpretation of some study findings by its own guise. Correlation of the mean pain study results with plasma biochemical data supports preferential use of thoracoscopy as a refinement for limiting postprocedural pain in research models.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics and the Office of the Scientific Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Hampshire
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Alling
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kindt
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011817:Rabbits; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013906:Thoracoscopy
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015232:Dinoprostone; D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine