title: Myxomatous mitral valve chordae. I: Mechanical properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chordal rupture is the most common reason for severe mitral regurgitation requiring surgery. The features that predispose myxomatous chordae to rupture, however, have not been studied. Thus, the physical and mechanical properties of normal and myxomatous mitral valve chordae were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chordae from 24 normal and 59 myxomatous mitral valves were cut into 10 mm-long segments and mechanically tested to measure extensibility, modulus, failure stress, failure strain, and failure load. After testing, the specimens were weighed and their cross-sectional area and volume measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chordae from myxoid mitral valves were larger (1.9 +/- 0.1 mm2 versus 0.8 +/- 0.1 mm2, p < or = 0.001) and heavier (16.6 +/- 1.0 mg versus 6.5 +/- 0.4 mg, p < or = 0.001) than normal chordae. Myxoid chordae had significantly lower moduli (40.4 +/- 10.2 MPa versus 132 +/- 15 MPa, p < or = 0.001) and failed at significantly lower tensile stress (6.0 +/- 0.6 MPa versus 25.7 +/- 1.8 MPa, p < or = 0.001) and absolute load (728 +/- 50 g versus 1,450 +/- 135 g, p < or = 0.001) than normal chordae. Normal and myxoid chordae had similar measurements of extensibility and failure strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myxomatous degeneration severely affects the mechanical properties of mitral valve chordae. Most notably, myxoid chordae failed at loads one-half of those of normal chordae. This may explain why chordal rupture is the main indication for repair of myxoid mitral valves. These findings also suggest that chordal preservation should be carried out with caution, as myxoid chordae are clearly abnormal with compromised mechanical strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ratliff
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vesely
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002815:Chordae Tendineae / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology