title: Upregulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in stellate ganglia of children with congenital cardiovascular lesions.
abstract: The distribution patterns of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivities (IR) in stellate ganglia of human neonates and infants with congenital heart and vascular lesions were investigated by the method of indirect immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated upregulation of VIP and CGRP expression in principal ganglionic neurons independently of the type of lesion. It is suggested that the activation of neuropeptide synthesis in stellate ganglia is a compensatory reaction of ganglionic neurons in response to congenital cardiovascular lesions, in regulation of heart contractility, and as a trophic influence on the ischemic myocardium. Hypoxia is the main inducing factor for the upregulation of VIP and CGRP expression in sympathetic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Minsk State Medical University, Belarus. roudenok@msmi.minsk.by
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roudenok
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012016:Reference Values; D013233:Stellate Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide