title: [Facial analysis without cephalometric radiography].
abstract: A careful clinical examination of the face is an essential part of the orthodontic diagnosis. By visual examination of the face important diagnostic determinations can be made regarding the patients profile, dental and skeletal relationships and 'facial animation'. This article presents some clinical and photographic diagnostic methods to analyse the face. The possibilities and limitations of facial analysis without cephalometric radiography are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontische praktijk in Almelo en de vakgroep Orthodontie en Orale Biologie van de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Remmelink
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kuijpers-Jagtman
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D014716:Vertical Dimension