title: Comparison of balloon dacryocystoplasty to probing as the primary treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In children older than 18 months, primary probing procedures for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) are thought to have lower rates of success. This study compares the results of primary probing to balloon dacryocystoplasty (DCP) in children stratified by age category.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective chart review, 29 eyes with CNLDO that underwent balloon DCP in children older than 18 months were identified and age-matched to 29 eyes that underwent probing. The eyes were divided into 3 age categories: category 1 (18-24 months), category 2 (24-36 months), and category 3 (>36 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 29 eyes treated with balloon DCP (mean age, 37.1 months), 26 were successfully treated. Twenty-five of the 29 matched probed eyes (mean age, 31.1 months) were successfully treated, resulting in an overall success rate of 90% for balloon DCP and 86% for primary probing. Within each age category, the success rate varied but did not show an advantage to balloon DCP. The presence of crusting and expressible discharge from the puncta during preoperative evaluation predicted a successful probing (OR, 16; 95% CI, 1.3-192).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, balloon DCP did not appear to present an advantage as compared with primary probing as the initial treatment in these children. Primary probing has an impressive overall success rate that did not diminish in the children older than 36 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gunton
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Schnall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wexler
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koller
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome