title: Energetic determinants of tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins during hypoxia/reoxygenation of kidney proximal tubules.
abstract: Anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism of alpha-ketoglutarate and aspartate or alpha-ketoglutarate and malate can prevent and reverse severe mitochondrial dysfunction during reoxygenation after 60 minutes of hypoxia in kidney proximal tubules.(34) The present studies demonstrate that, during hypoxia, paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, and p130(cas) migrated faster by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, their phosphotyrosine (pY) content decreased to approximately 5% of that in oxygenated tubules without changes in total protein, and the normally basal immunostaining of beta1 and alpha6 integrin subunits, pY, and paxillin was lost or markedly decreased. During reoxygenation without supplemental substrates, recovery of pY and basal localization of the focal adhesion proteins was poor. alpha-Ketoglutarate and aspartate, which maintained slightly higher levels of ATP during hypoxia, also maintained 2.5-fold higher levels of pY during this period, and promoted full recovery of pY content and basal localization of focal adhesion proteins during subsequent reoxygenation. Similarly complete recovery was made possible by provision of alpha-ketoglutarate and aspartate or alpha-ketoglutarate and malate only during reoxygenation. These data emphasize the importance of very low energy thresholds for maintaining the integrity of key structural and biochemical components required for cellular survival and reaffirm the value of approaches aimed at conserving or generating energy in cells injured by hypoxia or ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan and the Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0676, USA. wnberg@umich.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Venkatachalam
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Roeser
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Senter
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nissim
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D050719:Crk-Associated Substrate Protein; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D051419:Paxillin; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins; D011817:Rabbits; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130
chemical_list: D050719:Crk-Associated Substrate Protein; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019012:Integrin beta1; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D051419:Paxillin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases