title: Small diameter gravity sewers: self-cleansing conditions and aspects of wastewater quality.
abstract: The construction of conventional sewerage systems in small communities, with pipes laid on a uniform slope and manholes regularly spaced, is sometimes not economically feasible, because of the high costs of sewer installation. Under those circumstances, the small diameter gravity sewers (SDGS) have often proven to be substantially less costly than conventional sewers. Typically, in SDGS systems the wastewater from one or more households is discharged into an interceptor tank (or a single compartment septic tank). The settled effluent is discharged afterwards into small diameter sewers operating under gravity. In this paper, special emphasis is given to the analysis of self-cleansing conditions and to the analysis of risks of sulphide generation and occurrence of septic conditions in SDGS systems. For the evaluation of the self-cleansing conditions, the critical velocity and the critical shear stress were computed according to the Shields equation. The forecasting of dissolved oxygen concentrations and sulphide build-up along the lines, for different flow conditions, was done running an established wastewater quality model.
authors.affiliation: Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environmental Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical Superior Institute of Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Matos
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012722:Sewage; D012995:Solubility; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides; D010100:Oxygen