title: Anaerobic bioventing of unsaturated zone contaminated with DDT and DNT.
abstract: Initial degradation of highly chlorinated compounds and nitroaromatic compounds found in munition waste streams is accelerated under anaerobic conditions followed by aerobic treatment of the degradation products. The establishment of anaerobic environment in a vadose zone can be accomplished by feeding appropriate anaerobic gas mixture, i.e., "anaerobic bioventing". The gas mixture contains an electron donor for the reduction of these compounds. Lab scale study was conducted to evaluate potential of anaerobic bioventing for the treatment of an unsaturated zone contaminated with 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT). Hydrogen was used as the electron donor. Using the soil columns innoculate with anaerobic microorganisms, it was observed that by feeding a gas mixture of 1% hydrogen, 1% carbon dioxide and nitrogen, methanogenic conditions were established and DDT was reductively dechlorinated. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) accumulated as the intermediate product. The half life of DDT was calculated to be 8.5 months. DNT completely disappeared after six months of operation and no intermediates could be detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sayles
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Suidan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mihopoulos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaskassian
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000378:metabolism*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D003634:DDT / Q000378:metabolism*; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005740:Gases; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D005740:Gases; D010575:Pesticides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006859:Hydrogen; D003634:DDT; C023514:2,6-dinitrotoluene; D009584:Nitrogen