title: Factors that determine acetylcholine responsiveness of guinea pig tracheal tubes.
abstract: Acetylcholine administered to the inside of epithelium-denuded tracheal tubes did cause a potent contraction (2486+/-120 mg). In contrast, a response was hardly observed in tissues with an intact epithelial layer (674+/-81 mg), which was due to both the synthesis of nitric oxide and the activity of acetylcholinesterase, since the contractions to acetylcholine were significantly enhanced after preincubation with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or physostigmine (1374+/-65 and 1120+/-65 mg, respectively). In addition, the suppressive effect was caused by the barrier function of the epithelial layer, since preincubation of epithelium-denuded tissues with physostigmine significantly increased the pD2 value for acetylcholine (7.48+/-0.04) compared to intact tissues preincubated with physostigmine (6.32+/-0.10) and epithelium-denuded preparations without physostigmine (6.37+/-0.06). Increasing concentrations of physostigmine administered to the inside of tissues with epithelium did induce a potent spontaneous contraction (1440+/-350 mg) that was prevented by atropine. In contrast to what was expected, the contractile response was diminished in tracheal tubes without epithelium (665+/-221 mg). It is concluded that contractions of epithelium-denuded tissues are more pronounced to exogenous than to endogenous acetylcholine, and that the production and breakdown of this neurotransmitter is very rapid in intact guinea pig airways. Moreover, the release of nitric oxide and the barrier function of the epithelium did suppress the responsiveness to acetylcholine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, Netherlands. G.Folkerts@pharm.uu.nl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folkerts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kloek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geppetti
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Van der Linde
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Nijkamp
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D001285:Atropine; D010830:Physostigmine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester