title: Timed instrumental activities of daily living tasks: relationship to visual function in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) tasks whose completion time is related to visual function in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual function (acuity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view) and the time to complete 17 visual tasks of everyday life were measured in a sample of 342 older adults (mean age 71 years, range 56 to 86) recruited from eye clinics. The timed IADL (TIADL) tasks included a variety of visual activities such as reading ingredients on cans of food and instructions on medicine bottles, finding a phone number in a directory, locating items on a crowded shelf and in a drawer, and using a screwdriver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis indicated that poorer scores for acuity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view were independently associated with longer times to complete visual TIADL tasks, even after adjusting for age, educational level, depression, and general health. Cognitive status also had a significant, independent association with timed task performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults' timed performance in everyday tasks is related to various aspects of visual function independent of the influences of other functional and health problems and advanced age. This suggests that TIADL tasks may eventually be useful as performance outcomes in intervention evaluations targeted at reversing vision impairment or minimizing its impact. To understand the relationship between vision impairment and TIADL task performance in older adults, cognitive impairment needs to be taken into account because it has a relatively strong and independent relationship with visual TIADL task performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0009, USA. owsley@eyes.uab.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Owsley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGwin
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sloane
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Stalvey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology