title: The effect of spinal electrostimulation on the testicular structure in rabbit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main objective of this study was to create an experimental model of idiopathic scoliosis (i.s.), and to assess the effect of Lateral Electrical Surface Stimulation (LESS) on the organism both intra vitam and post mortem. The experiment made it possible to determine the extent to which LESS affects overall development of the organism, apart from its positive clinical effect in correcting i.s. in children and youth. An attempt is also made to explain the basis of systemic complications accompanying this method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were carried out on 10 white New Zealand male rabbits aged 3.5 months. They were divided into two groups, 5 animals in each group. The LESS group was stimulated using an SCOL-2 apparatus, 9 hours a day. The second group served as controls. After three months, the animals were sacrificed. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed on the rabbits' testicles. Scraps were collected immediately after the animal's death, from the free brim of the testis. The ultrastructure was examined with a TESLA BS-500 electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the LESS group, histopathological examination of the testicles revealed considerable necrosis of the seminiferous epithelium, frequently coupled with peritubular fibrosis, atrophy of seminal tubules, and proliferation of Leydig cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed a multi-layered basal lamina, collagen appearing in the proper membrane of the seminiferous epithelium and blood vessels, lysis of supporting and sex cells of the tubular epithelium, mitochondrial damage, and the formation of myelin-like bodies in the round spermatids and the middle segment of the elongated spermatid tails. Lysis of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells was observed in the testes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditional electrostimulation induced regressive changes in the testes, in the form of necrosis of the seminiferous epithelium, atrophy of seminal tubules, and destruction of Leydig cells.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Masuria, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bomba
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szarek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zarzycki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawlicki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004556:Electric Injuries; D004560:Electricity; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009336:Necrosis; D011817:Rabbits; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000473:pathology; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure