title: The transforming growth factor-beta1 codon 10 gene polymorphism and accelerated graft vascular disease after clinical heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor- (TGF) beta1 is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of graft vascular disease (GVD). Polymorphisms at codon 10, (Leu10-->Pro) and codon 25 (Arg25-->Pro) in the signal sequence of the TGF-beta1 gene regulate the production and secretion of the protein. We investigated whether these polymorphisms are risk factors for the development of GVD after clinical heart transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  TGF-beta1 polymorphisms, Leu10-->Pro and Arg25-->Pro, were determined in DNA from heart transplant recipients (n=252) and their donors (n=213), using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing. GVD was angiographically diagnosed 1 year after transplantation. In addition other potential risk factors including underlying disease, recipient and donor age, recipient and donor gender, number of acute rejections in the first year, cold ischemia time, and HLA mismatches were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that the recipient TGF-beta1 polymorphism Leu10-->Pro, (P=0.056, chi2 test), underlying disease (P=0.01, chi2 test), number of acute rejections in the first-year (P=0.03, analysis of variance), and donor age (P<0.001, analysis of variance) were risk factors for the development of GVD. The TGF-beta1 Arg25-->Pro polymorphism was not a risk factor. Also in the multivariate analysis, the recipient TGF-beta1 codon 10 polymorphism was associated with GVD, with patients homozygous for Pro at greatest risk (odds ratio 7.7, P=0.03). Apart for the recipient TGF-beta1 Leu10-->Pro polymorphism, donor age appeared to be an independent risk factor for the development of GVD at 1 year. Patients with older donor hearts were at greater risk than patients receiving grafts from younger donors (odds ratio 1.1/year, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recipient TGF-beta1 Leu10-->Pro polymorphism and higher donor age are independent risk factors for the development of GVD after clinical heart transplantation.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, Department of Internal Medicine, Room Bd293, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Holweg
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Baan
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Balk
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Niesters
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maat
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weimar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1