title: Disruption of the p16/cyclin D1/retinoblastoma protein pathway in the majority of human hepatocellular carcinomas.
abstract: p16, cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma protein (pRB) regulate G1 to S transition and are commonly targeted in various cancers. However, few studies have simultaneously examined all components of the p16/cyclin D1/pRB pathway (RB pathway) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To clarify the role of the disruption of the RB pathway in HCC, we analyzed p16, pRB and cyclin D1 in 47 HCCs. Inactivation of p16 was detected in 30 of 47 HCCs (64%) by Western blot analysis and significantly correlated with hypermethylation of the promoter of this gene. pRB expression was found to be absent in 13 of 47 HCCs (28%) by immunohistochemistry. We found that 38 of 47 HCCs (81%) contained at least one inactivation in either pRB or p16. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between p16 and pRB inactivation (p = 0.041). Overexpression of cyclin D1 was detected in 5 of 47 HCCs (11%) by immunohistochemistry. The cases with cyclin D1 overexpression exhibited an advanced clinicopathological appearance and also contained inactivation of pRB and/or p16. These findings suggest that inactivation of pRB and/or p16 is a major event in human hepatocarcinogenesis, while cyclin D1 overexpression may confer additional growth advantages to the tumor in addition to pRB and/or p16 inactivation in HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azechi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katsuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komeda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D019938:Cyclin D1