Tibia lead levels and methodological uncertainty in 12-year-old children.
In vivo bone lead measurements with 109Cd-based K-shell X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have been used to assess long-term lead exposure in adults. Tibia lead levels were measured in 210 children (106 boys, 104 girls) of 11-12(1/2) years of age in a lead smelter town and in a control (nonexposed) town. Tibia lead levels, methodological uncertainties, and models of some of the factors influencing them are presented. 109Cd-based K-shell XRF tibia lead methodological uncertainty in children is comparable to that in adults.
Todd
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AC
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA. andrew.todd@mssm.edu
Buchanan
R
R
Carroll
S
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Moshier
E L
EL
Popovac
D
D
Slavkovich
V
V
Graziano
J H
JH
D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013977:Tibia / Q000378:metabolism*
D007854:Lead