title: Ablation of paternal accessory sex glands is detrimental to embryo development during implantation.
abstract: The accessory sex glands are present in most mammals, but their function(s) have not yet been clearly defined. In the golden hamster, removal of all the glands or the ventral prostate alone have been shown to considerably reduce fertility, while the effect is milder if the ampullary glands only are removed. In this study, embryo development from the 5th to the 7th day after mating are examined. Structural and morphometric criteria such as cell number, cell density, embryo volume, volume fraction of proamniotic cavity further revealed that abnormalities can be demonstrated as early as day 5 in the embryos sired by males with the ventral prostate gland alone or all glands ablated. Twin implantation and deviation from normal implanted axis are also observed. This is likely to be attributed to attenuated cell proliferation, as indicated by proliferating cell antigen labelling and more necrotic cell death. Taken together, exposure of sperm to secretions of the male accessory sex glands in particular, the ventral prostate, is important for differentiation and multiplication of cells after the embryo has implanted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, PRC.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: O
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D006224:Cricetinae; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005865:Gestational Age; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D011247:Pregnancy; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011467:Prostate / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen