title: Common variants in the beta2-(Gln27Glu) and beta3-(Trp64Arg)--adrenoceptor genes are associated with elevated serum NEFA concentrations and type II diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Higher NEFA concentrations predict Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus but it is not known whether higher NEFA concentrations are genetically determined or reflect coexisting obesity. To address this question we studied whether common variants in two genes encoding for key regulators of lipolysis, the beta2- and beta3- adrenoceptors (B2AR and B3AR) are associated with NEFA concentrations and Type II diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1054 Swedish subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance were genotyped for the Gln27Glu variant in the B2AR and for the Trp64Arg variant in the B3AR genes using PCR-RFLP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The B2AR Gln27 allele was more frequent in 219 Type II diabetic patients than in 237 non-diabetic subjects (59.8 % vs 52.3 %; OR = 1.72, p = 0.02) while there was no significant difference in the frequency of the B3AR Arg64 allele. Subjects homozygous for the protective alleles (Glu27 and Trp64) had, however, a lower prevalence of diabetes than subjects with other genotype combinations (OR = 0.58, p = 0.03). Among sibling pairs discordant for the B2AR Gln27Glu polymorphism, siblings with an excess of the Gln27 allele had higher fasting insulin (n = 217; p = 0.02) and NEFA concentrations (107 sex-matched pairs; p = 0.01) than siblings with an excess of the Glu27 allele. Among sibling pairs discordant for the B3AR Trp64Arg variant, siblings with the Arg64 allele had higher 2 h glucose (n = 48; p = 0.01) and NEFA concentrations (16 pairs matched for sex; p < 0.04) than siblings with the Trp64Trp64 genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common variants in the beta2- and beta3- adrenoceptor genes are associated with increased fasting insulin and NEFA concentrations and could increase susceptibility to Type II diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orho-Melander
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedenbro
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Groop
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001120:Arginine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005973:Glutamine; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D013548:Sweden; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014364:Tryptophan; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D014280:Triglycerides; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D014364:Tryptophan; D001120:Arginine