title: Overexpression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor on microglial cells induces an inflammatory response.
abstract: Microglia are important in the inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We showed previously that macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), encoded by the c-fms protooncogene, is overexpressed on microglia surrounding amyloid beta (Abeta) deposits in the APP(V717F) mouse model for AD. The M-CSFR is also increased on microglia after experimental brain injury and in AD. To determine the relevance of these findings, we transiently expressed M-CSFR on murine BV-2 and human SV-A3 microglial cell lines using an SV40-promoted c-fms construct. M-CSFR overexpression resulted in microglial proliferation and increased expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha, and interleukin-6 and of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) itself. Antibody neutralization of M-CSF showed that the M-CSFR-induced proinflammatory response was dependent on M-CSF in the culture media. By using a co-culture of c-fms-transfected murine microglia and rat organotypic hippocampal slices and a species-specific real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we showed that M-CSFR overexpression on exogenous microglia induced expression of interleukin-1alpha by the organotypic culture. These results show that increased M-CSFR expression induces microglial proliferation, cytokine expression, and a paracrine inflammatory response, suggesting that in APP(V717F) mice increased M-CSFR on microglia could be an important factor in Abeta-induced inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Mitrasinovic
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D000626:Aminopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000626:Aminopeptidases; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C084507:peptide deformylase