title: [Most of the complaints in gynecology and obstetrics care are generated by perceptions stemming from unavoidable results].
abstract: The annual rises in the cost of claims suffered by some countries had led to increases in: costs of the attention; malpractice premiums; health personnel stress level; risks for the patients with difficult problems, and lack of opportune attention. The intricate interaction between clinical state, responses variability and medical procedures flaws makes impossible stop unavoidable outcomes (UO). Though UO are not derived from negligence or inability, patients and relatives can see it as a malpractice result.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the proportion of complaints generated by UO related perceptions (UORP) and their distribution in obstetric and gynecologic stages of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search for claims derived from gynecologic or obstetric care was undertaken in the Medical Arbitrition National Commission (CONAMED) database, those presented between Jun. 1, 1996, and Nov. 30, 1998, were chosen. Some claims were derived directly from UORP (D-UORP claims), others were derived indirectly (UORP clamis); claims were grouped for stage of the attention in which they were originated; non D-UORP claims were grouped also by motives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 625 claims (98.6% of total) was possible obtain precise information as required for the study. 79% of complaints were derived from UORP; 17% from perceptions generated for medical activities unrelated to UO (MAU-UO claims) and 4% by perception originated from care system (CS claims). 46% of complaints concerned surgical treatment, 27% medical treatment, 14% initial study, 2.1% delivery, in 10% a specific stage of the attention was not mentioned. The motives of the non D-UORP complaints were: 1) I-UORP claims; a) opportunity of the action, when the patient referred delay or inopportuneness as cause of the complaint (17%, overall); b) Professional quality, when questioned de outcomes or medical criteria (23%); 2) MAU-UO claims: a) Professional capacity when patient questions ability, or complaint of error in diagnosis (failure to diagnose or incorrect diagnosis), wrong removal, unnecessary treatment or other actions outside of the norm (13%); b) Improper information (3%); c) Inappropriate manner (0.8%); 3) CS claims: a) Resources (1%); b) Accessibility (2.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The damage risk attributable to medical negligence is very low among patients who had received obstetrical or gynecological care, most of the complaints are UORP generated. In obstetrical care--from 1997 national statistics and described results--a benefit was procured to 1,705,161 persons and were produced 17 possible wrong attentions by professional capacity, five by improper information and one by inappropriate manner; the rest, 123 complaints, were derived from perceptions induced by UO. Undoubtedly there is low complaint registration, however, even at worst the wrong attention effect is lower than the impact attained if the possibility of economic benefit search through medical demands is not totally canceled. The damage risk derived from cost of claims is greater, as suffered on many countries. Medical associations in countries without professional liability problems must accomplish negotiations so that the legislation does not establish compensations by medical care results, the request may be based in: a) the deleterious consequences derived from cost of claims; and, b) the low probability of affecting the patients interests, in Mexico complaints derived from perceptions about the professional capacity are one in 103,022 obstetrical care attentions, the improper information derived one in 316,989 and the inappropriate manner generated one in 1,373,620. These organizations and other health related could assume the commitment to abate the foreseeable complaints and to do research on feasible forms to forecast UO, technically this must be long-range and though international collaboration.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Morales Ramírez
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Sauceda González
mesh_terms: D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology; D006801:Humans; D008318:Malpractice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008800:Mexico; D009774:Obstetrics; D010465:Perception; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome