The role of glutathione in the toxicity of smoke condensates from cigarettes that burn or heat tobacco.
Inhalation of cigarette smoke aerosol via active smoking is associated with the development of pulmonary inflammation. The cytotoxic potential of cigarette smoke has been hypothetically related to development of pulmonary inflammation since the release of intracellular contents from dead and dying cells has been reported to induce inflammatory foci. In this study, cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) were prepared from Kentucky 1R4F reference cigarettes and cigarettes that primarily heat tobacco (Eclipse). The two CSCs were then compared for their ability to induce killing in human-hamster A(L) hybrid cells. CSCs prepared from Eclipse were much less cytotoxic than those prepared from reference cigarettes. At 60 microg CSC/ml culture medium, survival for CSC from Eclipse cigarettes was approximately 70% compared with 1% for CSC from burned K1R4F cigarettes. The observed reduction in CSC-Eclipse cytotoxicity toward these mammalian cells is consistent with the previously published observation of a 30% decline in pulmonary white cell count and 40% reduction in visual bronchitis index in human smokers who switched to Eclipse for 2 months. Results with N-acetylcysteine and buthionine-S-R-sulfoximine indicate that glutathione markedly reduces the cytoxicity of both CSCs.
Waldren
C A
CA
Department of Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. cwaldren@colostate.edu
Vannais
D B
DB
Knowlton
M S
MS
Domenico
K K
KK
Smith
C J
CJ
Doolittle
D J
DJ
D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000336:Aerosols; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival; D016466:CHO Cells; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D003412:Cricetulus; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D006822:Hybrid Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000633:toxicity
D000111:Acetylcysteine; D000336:Aerosols; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005978:Glutathione; D012906:Smoke