Viral escape from the neutralizing antibody response: the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus model.
In addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, neutralizing antibodies contribute substantially to the long-term immune control of noncytopathic viruses, as demonstrated during infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The high virus load during the initial phase of an infection and the ability of this RNA virus to spontaneously acquire mutations are important prerequisites for escaping an ongoing immune response. In this context, LCMV escape from the humoral response by single point mutations in neutralizing envelope protein determinants may occur, particularly during conditions of CTL deficiency, leading to virus persistence.
Ciurea
A
A
Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Hunziker
L
L
Zinkernagel
R M
RM
Hengartner
H
H
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D019020:Directed Molecular Evolution; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D017354:Point Mutation; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D006023:Glycoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C115679:glycoprotein peptide, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus