title: DNA typing from skeletal remains: evaluation of multiplex and megaplex STR systems on DNA isolated from bone and teeth samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the performance of three multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) systems (AmpflSTR Profiler, AmpflSTR Profiler Plus, and AmpflSTR COfiler), and a megaplex STR system (PowerPlex 16) on DNA extracted from the skeletal remains. By performing a microbial DNA challenge study, we also evaluated the influence of microbial DNA on human DNA typing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subset of 86 DNA extracts isolated from 8-50 years old bone and teeth samples, corresponding to 20 identification cases from mass graves in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to 4 paternity cases involving deceased parents in Spain, were analyzed by the above systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone samples with no detectable human DNA (tested with Quantiblot), as well as teeth samples with detectable human DNA, were successfully amplified. Surprisingly, even in highly degraded samples, PowerPlex 16 offered very robust amplification for the both Penta E and Penta D markers. We observed a few non-specific extra peaks of 202 and 308 base pairs, which appeared to match 16S rRNA of the Pseudomonas halodenitrificans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AmpflSTR Profiler Kit, AmpflSTR Profiler Plus Kit, the AmpflSTR COfiler Kit, and the PowerPlex 16 system are very sensitive multiplex STR amplification systems, which can be successfully used to obtain a multilocus STR profile from old teeth and bone samples with minimal amounts (pg) of human DNA or even with no detectable human DNA.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Toxicología, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andelinović
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sutlović
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erceg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huffine
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Simón
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albarrán
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Definis-Gojanović
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Rodriguez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drmić
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rezić
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuret
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Primorac
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D017522:Bosnia and Herzegovina; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D005553:Forensic Dentistry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences; D014070:Tooth / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D004247:DNA