title: A study of novel polymorphisms in the upstream region of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 2 gene in autism.
abstract: We investigated the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 2 (VIPR2) gene as a candidate gene for autism. We searched for mutations in the VIPR2 gene in autistic individuals, and 10 novel polymorphisms were identified. Three polymorphisms in the upstream region were studied in detail, and there was no significant difference in the frequencies between the autistic group (n = 14) and unrelated controls (n = 52). The distribution of the genotypes in two of the three polymorphisms differed somewhat between autistic subjects with gastrointestinal problems and those without. Moreover, there was a trend showing a correlation between the genotypes for the third polymorphism and the severity of stereotypical behavior as ranked by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale. These preliminary results suggest that VIPR2 may have a role in gastrointestinal symptoms and stereotypical behaviors in autism, although a larger collection of samples suitable for transmission disequilibrium tests is necessary to validate the results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuivaniemi
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tromp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothermel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herron
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide