title: Intrathecal ropivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy: a dose-response study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a small dose of intrathecal ropivacaine with small doses of intrathecal clonidine for ambulatory surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty patients, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and scheduled for knee arthroscopy, were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 4 ml of one of the following double-blinded isobaric intrathecal solutions: 8 mg of ropivacaine (group 1; n =30); 8 mg ropivacaine plus 15 microg clonidine (group 2; n =30); 8 mg ropivacaine plus 45 microg clonidine (group 3; n =30); and 8 mg ropivacaine plus 75 microg clonidine (group 4; n =30). The level and duration of sensory anesthesia were recorded, along with the intensity and duration of motor block. Patient and surgeon were interviewed to evaluate the quality of anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrathecal ropivacaine (8 mg alone) produced short sensory anesthesia and motor blockade (132 +/- 38 min and 110 +/- 35 min; mean +/- SD). However, the quality of anesthesia was significantly lower than in any other group (P < 0.05). Ropivacaine (8 mg) plus 75 microg clonidine produced significantly longer sensory and motor anesthesia (195 +/- 40 min and 164 +/- 38 min; P < 0.05). However, this was associated with systemic effects, such as sedation and reduction of arterial blood pressure. Ropivacaine (8 mg) plus 15 microg clonidine did not prolong sensory or motor blockade, afforded high quality anesthesia, and was not associated with detectable systemic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small-dose intrathecal clonidine (15 microg) plus 8 mg intrathecal ropivacaine produces adequate and short-lasting anesthesia for knee arthroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium. DeKock@anes.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Kock
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fanard
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hody
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavand'homme
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D003000:Clonidine