title: Opportunistic testing of medically underserved women for cervical cancer in South Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the yield of opportunistic Pap smears taken in an unscreened and medically underserved population in the Transkei Region of South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 22,160 cervical cytology specimens from an unscreened population attending gynecologic outpatient clinics between January 1990 and December 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was, respectively, 34.7%, 8.3% and 2.4%. The ASCUS: SIL ratio was 3:1. The prevalence of invasive squamous cell carcinoma was 1.6%. The yield of opportunistic Pap smears was 10.7% including only LSIL and HSIL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pathologic process of precursor lesions of cervical cancer appears to start at an early age since > 20% of cases are diagnosed before the age of 30 years. In the absence of a national screening program, opportunistic testing of medically underserved women needs to be maintained and encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Southern Africa, Satellite Campus at Philadelphia Hospital, P.O. Box 1, Dennilton 1030, South Africa. ljfvanbo@mweb.co.za
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Bogaert
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Knapp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D013019:South Africa; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*