title: [Ectopic ureter in 54 children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed 54 pediatric patients with ectopic ureter treated at our institution from 1975 to 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our series comprised 40 female and 14 male children, with age from 1 month to 11 years. Clinical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chief complaint was urinary incontinence in 24, high fever in 18, abdominal mass in 6, scrotal swelling in 3 and growth retardation in 2 patients. Two patients were found to have ectopic ureters without symptom during urological work-ups for their anorectal anomaly. The ectopic ureters opened into vagina in 19, vestibulum in 8, bladder neck in 7, urethra in 17, seminal vesicle in 2 and ejaculatory duct in 1 patient (s). Treatment was ureterocystoneostomy in 30, nephroureterectomy in 19, hemi-nephroureterectomy in 2, and ureteral ligature in 1 patient (s). Postoperatively, most of the patients became symptom free except for 6 patients in whom urinary incontinence was not cured due to mal-development of the bladder neck and sphincter, and due to Gartner's duct cyst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection are most frequent presentations of ectopic ureter in children. Although most of the patients are cured with ureterocystoneostomy or nephroureterectomy, some incontinent girls continue to have urinary incontinence due to mal-development of the bladder neck and sphincter or Gartner's duct cyst.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takiuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shima
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities