title: Influence of L-carnitine and its derivatives on myocardial metabolism and function in ischemic heart disease and during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: Carnitine and its derivatives have recently been shown to protect cardiac metabolism and function in ischemic heart disease and other clinical conditions of myocardial ischemia. Potential mechanisms of this effect include an increase in glucose metabolism, a reduction of toxic effects of long-chain acyl-CoA and acyl-carnitine in myocytes, an increase in coronary blood flow and anti-arrhythmic effect. It has also been shown that propionyl-L-carnitine which penetrates faster than carnitine into myocytes is effective in inhibiting production of free radicals. Beneficial effects of carnitine supplementation have been demonstrated under a variety of clinical conditions such as acute cardiac ischemia, during extracorporeal circulation, in carnitine-dependent cardiomyopathy as well as in patients with chronic circulatory failure and in cardiogenic shock. However, further studies are required before carnitine administration could be recommended as a routine procedure in ischemic heart disease or before cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland. rlango@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lango
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Smolenski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narkiewicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suchorzewska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lysiak-Szydlowska
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C003223:propionylcarnitine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005947:Glucose; D002331:Carnitine