title: Phase II trial of toremifene in androgen-independent prostate cancer: a Penn cancer clinical trials group trial.
abstract: Toremifene has antiestrogenic and estrogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it may have antiangiogenesis and antimicrotubule properties at higher doses. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this agent in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. We performed a phase II trial of toremifene in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Patients with an increasing prostate-specific antigen level despite castrate testosterone levels and antiandrogen withdrawal were eligible. Patients could not have received prior salvage hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. Patients received toremifene at 300 mg/m2/d orally (maximum dose 640 mg/d). Fifteen patients were treated. Patients received treatment for a median of 13 weeks (range, 4-30 weeks). The median age was 72 years (range, 58-80 years). The median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0. The treatment was well tolerated and toxicity was mild. Two patients had grade III hepatic toxicity; one had grade III hyperglycemia. There were no treatment-related deaths. No objective responses were demonstrated. In summary, toremifene is not effective therapy for AIPC at the dose and schedule evaluated in this trial.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center and the Penn Cancer Clinical Trials Group, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zoltick
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holroyde
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Armstead
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Vaughn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017312:Toremifene / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017312:Toremifene