title: [Interventional therapy after failed fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarct. Acute and long-term outcome of referral for rescue balloon angioplasty].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The results from studies of coronary angioplasty after failed thrombolysis (rescue-PTCA) in acute myocardial infarction are contradictory. Long-term results were not presented till now. Therefore we analyzed the data from our registry of those patients whose acute and long-term results were available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 49 patients were analyzed who had been admitted for rescue-PTCA from other hospitals. Thrombolysis had to be started < 6 hours (mean 2.7 hours) from onset of symptoms. Rescue-PTCA had to be completed within < 24 hours (mean 10.5 hours). 37 patients received streptokinase, seven rt-PA, three urokinase and two prourokinase. Electrocardiographic and clinical criteria were used to define failure of thrombolysis. The data of the acute results were from a prospective registry and the long-term results came from clinical follow-up visits and a questionnaire sent to the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the patients was 48.5 years (38-78 years), 45 male, nine patients in cardiogenic shock (18%), infarct related artery (IRA): RCA 22x, LAD 21x, LCX 5x, CABG 1x, single vessel disease 27x, multiple vessel disease 22x. Acute results: Initial IRA-TIMI flow 0 in 28 patients, 1 in twelve patients, 2 in 9 patients; after rescue-PTCA TIMI flow 1 in one patient, 2 in two patients, 3 in 46 patients (procedural success 94%). Hospital mortality 8.2% (four patients), all in cardiogenic shock. Early reocclusion rate 10%. Bleeding complications 14%, no fatal complications. Long-term results: Observation period 2.5 years in 42 patients (0.5-6.5 years). Three more deaths. Total mortality 14% (7/49). Angiographic follow-up: Ejection fraction initially 50%; 53% after 3 months. Repeat revascularization in 43% (15/35): Re-PTCA in 8/35, surgery in 6/35 patients, 1x transplantation. 80% of the patients were free from angina or heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rescue-PTCA in acute myocardial infarction has a high procedural success rate with a low hospital mortality. It is the treatment of choice for patients in cardiogenic shock. Transportation to an interventional center is safe. The reintervention rate is comparably high. The long-term results are good.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik 3, Klinikum Wuppertal GmbH. lapp@klinikum-wuppertal.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lapp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krakau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfertz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ketteler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boerrigter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gülker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D019233:Retreatment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D017211:Treatment Failure