title: Inventory of the superfamily of P-type ion pumps in Arabidopsis.
abstract: A total of 45 genes encoding for P-type ATPases have been identified in the complete genome sequence of Arabidopsis. Thus, this plant harbors a primary transport capability not seen in any other eukaryotic organism sequenced so far. The sequences group in all five subfamilies of P-type ATPases. The most prominent subfamilies are P(1B) ATPases (heavy metal pumps; seven members), P(2A) and P(2B) ATPases (Ca(2+) pumps; 14 in total), P(3A) ATPases (plasma membrane H(+) pumps; 12 members including a truncated pump, which might represent a pseudogene or an ATPase-like protein with an alternative function), and P(4) ATPases (12 members). P(4) ATPases have been implicated in aminophosholipid flipping but it is not known whether this is a direct or an indirect effect of pump activity. Despite this apparent plethora of pumps, Arabidopsis appears to be lacking Na(+) pumps and secretory pathway (PMR1-like) Ca(2+)-ATPases. A cluster of Arabidopsis heavy metal pumps resembles bacterial Zn(2+)/Co(2+)/Cd(2+)/Pb(2+) transporters. Two members of the cluster have extended C termini containing putative heavy metal binding motifs. The complete inventory of P-type ATPases in Arabidopsis is an important starting point for reverse genetic and physiological approaches aiming at elucidating the biological significance of these pumps.
authors.affiliation: SwissProt Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Axelsen
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Palmgren
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases