title: Source of endothelin-1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: Endothelin-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor known to date. This peptide is believed to play a pathophysiological role in the development of vasospasm, the most important complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In the present study we investigated the release of endothelin-1 in SAH and analyzed the cellular source of this peptide. At a protein and mRNA level we were able to show that endothelin-1 is produced by mononuclear leukocytes. Complementary in vitro studies revealed that aging and subsequent hemolysis of blood is sufficient to induce production of endothelin-1 by mononuclear leukocytes. Thus, cerebrospinal fluid-derived mononuclear leukocytes are a source of endothelin-1 in patients suffering from SAH. This finding may have important therapeutic implications as anti-leukocyte strategies could prevent cerebrovascular complications in SAH patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clinic Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bertsch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuehl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muehlhauser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hodapp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossol
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmeck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ragoschke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schütt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fritzinger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vajkoczy
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wellner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fassbender
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger