title: Immunophenotypic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrates in herniated intervertebral discs.
abstract: METHODS
  The herniated portion of the lumbar disc was analyzed immunohistochemically for inflammatory infiltrates to determine their immunophenotype.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pathomechanism behind spontaneous regression of herniated discs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous regression of herniated intervertebral discs has been increasingly reported. The inflammatory response of the host has been suggested as a factor in this phenomenon. However, whether the inflammation is induced from direct chemical irritation of the nucleus pulposus material or whether it is secondary to an autoimmune response to the nucleus pulposus remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The herniated portion of the disc was collected from 38 patients who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Thin cryostat sections were made, and the extent to which inflammatory cells had infiltrated the disc specimen was defined. Then the immunophenotype of cellular infiltrates in the herniated disc specimens was assessed by immunostaining using a series of antibodies for lymphocyte, monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inflammatory infiltrates in 14 of the 38 herniated discs were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. None of them expressed the immunophenotypic markers of the lymphocyte (CD20, CD45RO, CD4, CD8, TCRgammadelta), mature monocyte (CD33), or dendritic cell (CD1a, CD80, CD86, S100). Abundant infiltration of CD68-positive cells that lacked CD33 but had a variable amount of CD11b, CD11c, and CD40 likely represents a process of differentiation from monocytes to macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with an immunophenotype of inflammatory responses to tissue injury or chemical irritation rather than antigen-specific immune responses. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of tissue repair is fundamentally important in the management of patients with disc herniations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. kawaguch@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokogushi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015299:Discitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged