Individual differences in working memory capacity and enumeration.
Two experiments are reported in which subjects performed working memory and enumeration tasks. In the first experiment, subjects scoring low on the working memory task also performed poorly on the attention-demanding "counting" portion of the enumeration task. Yet no span differences were found for the non-attention-demanding "subitizing" portion. In Experiment 2, conjunctive and disjunctive distractors were added to the enumeration task. Although both high and low working memory span subjects were adversely affected by the addition of conjunctive distractors, the effect was much greater for the low-span subjects. Implications from these findings are that differences in working memory capacity correspond to differences in capability for controlled attention.
Tuholski
S W
SW
Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville 62026, USA. stuhols@siue.edu
Engle
R W
RW
Baylis
G C
GC
D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011340:Problem Solving