title: The clinical course of alcohol dependence associated with a low level of response to alcohol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical course of specific alcohol-related life problems and the risk for dependence on illicit drugs in individuals with relatively low and high levels of response (LR) to alcohol earlier in life.
  
  
  METHODS
  From among 439 men who were part of the 15-year follow-up of sons of alcoholics and controls, 108 were identified as having fulfilled criteria for DSM-III-R alcohol dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LR to alcohol was originally evaluated following the consumption of 0.61 g/kg of ethanol at age 20 by determining the levels of change in subjective feelings of intoxication, body sway and several hormones such as cortisol. From the 453 original subjects, 450 completed a face-to-face 10-year follow-up evaluation, and 439 completed the 15-year protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison of the clinical course of 50 alcohol-dependent men with clearly low LR values at age 20 with that for 42 individuals whose LR scores were above the median revealed few differences. Those with a low LR had a slightly earlier age of onset of alcohol dependence (24.8 +/- 3.41 vs. 26.6 +/- 4.48 years), and this finding was unrelated to the presence of an alcohol-dependent father. Otherwise the members of the two groups demonstrated a similar course of alcohol dependence. There was no relationship between a low LR at age 20 and either the pattern of substances used or the rate of dependence on illicit drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that for this sample a low LR to alcohol, while associated with a high risk for alcohol dependence, was not related to most aspects of the course of alcohol problems once dependence developed.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego and Department of Psychiatry (116A), Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA. mschuckit@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schuckit
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000506:poisoning; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000506:poisoning; D005220:Fathers; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D006854:Hydrocortisone