title: Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether long term consumption of a probiotic milk could reduce gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children in day care centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study over seven months.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 day care centres in Helsinki, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  571 healthy children aged 1-6 years: 282 (mean (SD) age 4.6 (1.5) years) in the intervention group and 289 (mean (SD) age 4.4 (1.5) years) in the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Milk with or without Lactobacillus GG. Average daily consumption of milk in both groups was 260 ml.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of days with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, absences from day care because of illness, respiratory tract infections diagnosed by a doctor, and course of antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children in the Lactobacillus group had fewer days of absence from day care because of illness (4.9 (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 5.5) v 5.8 (5.3 to 6.4) days, 16% difference, P=0.03; age adjusted 5.1 (4.6 to 5.6) v 5.7 (5.2 to 6.3) days, 11% difference, P=0.09). There was also a relative reduction of 17% in the number of children suffering from respiratory infections with complications and lower respiratory tract infections (unadjusted absolute % reduction -8.6 (-17.2 to -0.1), P=0.05; age adjusted odds ratio 0.75 (0.52 to 1.09), P=0.13) and a 19% relative reduction in antibiotic treatments for respiratory infection (unadjusted absolute % reduction -9.6 (-18.2 to -1.0), P=0.03; adjusted odds ratio 0.72 (0.50 to 1.03), P=0.08) in the Lactobacillus group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lactobacillus GG may reduce respiratory infections and their severity among children in day care. The effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG were modest but consistently in the same direction.
authors.affiliation: Valio Research and Development, PO Box 30, FIN-00039 Valio, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatakka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savilahti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pönkä
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meurman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poussa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Näse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saxelin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007778:Lactobacillus; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents