title: Felbamate urolithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of felbamate (FBM) urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urographic imaging [sonography, abdominal computed tomography (CT), intravenous pyelogram, voiding cystourethrogram] and urologic procedures (cystoscopy with lithotripsy, ureteral stent) to define and capture the stones. Stone identification was by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 15-year-old boy had painful hematuria, bilateral ureteral obstruction, and urinary retention. Kidney, bladder, and ureteral stones were found, and ureteral stent placement was required to relieve obstruction. The stone material was identified as FBM by chemical analysis. Stone formation ceased with discontinuation of FBM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FBM urolithiasis can occur, and possible contributory factors include high felbamate dosage, drug polypharmacy, and risk factors for forming stones of other types. FBM urolithiasis may be heralded by crystalluria.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, USA. SSPARAGA@TSRH.org
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sparagana
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000078328:Felbamate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D000078328:Felbamate