title: [Function of back extensor muscles in upright standing position and during sitting with identical back posture--an electromyography study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a controversial discussion about the loading of the spine by the force of the extending muscles of the back in upright sitting with the back curved as in upright standing. Experimental studies investigating this issue are still lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study presented in this paper we measured in 30 subjects the activity of the extending back muscles both in a natural upright standing posture and in sitting with identical posture of the back as recommended in some back training programs. To this end we recorded the electromyographical surface activity of the back muscles at four levels of the spine in both postures. The EMG activities were intraindividually normalized with reference to the respective activity recorded at maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At three of the four levels of the spine examined, the group averages of the EMG activity in sitting were significantly higher than in standing (p < 0.001). The maximum activity enhancement evaluated was 48% at Th12. The force of the lower back muscles in sitting with a posture of the back as in natural upright standing could be estimated to be at least greater than 30% of the force at MVC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The force needed to enforce in sitting a posture of the back identical to the posture at natural standing entails lower back muscle fatigue in a few minutes. The results of our study agree with recent experimental findings about an increased loading of the spine in lordotic sitting.
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Klinik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bodem
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eysel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001415:Back / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values