title: Reverse subclavian flap repair of hypoplastic transverse aorta in infancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of hypoplastic aortic arch associated with coarctation in infancy can be challenging. Reverse subclavian flap aortoplasty plus coarctation resection offers simplicity without needing foreign material or cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1988, 46 of 162 infants less than 3 months undergoing coarctation repair had hypoplastic arch enlargement with reverse subclavian flap aortoplasty. Median age was 11 days; mean weight was 3.2 kg. Thirty-seven patients (80%) had associated cardiac defects including single or multiple ventricular septal defects (14 infants), transposition of the great arteries (7), aortic or mitral stenosis (5), and complete atrioventricular septal defect (5 infants). Twenty-eight patients had pulmonary artery banding; 2 had an arterial switch operation through a separate median sternotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were two hospital deaths: one 4 months postoperatively in a patient requiring a Norwood procedure the next day for underestimated left ventricular hypoplasia; the other of sepsis more than 1 month postoperatively. On follow-up from 1 to 129 months (mean, 38 months), there were five recurrent obstructions: three at the coarctation site treated with balloon dilatation and two at the arch site. Twenty-six children had their heart defects corrected with 29 subsequent operations including an arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries/ ventricular septal defect (3 infants), relief of aortic or mitral stenosis +/- ventricular septal defect closure (5), multiple ventricular septal defect closure (3), a bidirectional Glenn (2), complete atrioventricular septal defect (2), and anomalous left coronary with ventricular septal defect repair (1 infant). Four children await debanding and ventricular septal defect closure or Glenn anastomosis. There have been two late deaths (overall survival, 91%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reverse subclavian flap aortoplasty is excellent for relief of arch hypoplasia and coarctation in infants with low recurrence rates and acceptable operative and intermediate survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. kkanter@emory.org
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fyfe
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000637:transplantation*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015996:Survival Rate; D013536:Suture Techniques