title: Risk factors for recurrence of large HCC in patients treated by combined TAE and PEI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this report, risk factors of intrahepatic recurrence of a large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma after combination therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization followed by percutaneous ethanol injection were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The series included 61 patients with an unresectable large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma, the largest size of which was greater than 3 cm in diameter. All patients completely responded to combination therapy and recurrence rates were determined. The following parameters; age, sex, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibodies, Child's classification, alcohol abuse, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein, indocyanine green retention rate, hepatocellular carcinoma size, hepatocellular carcinoma capsule, total amount of injected ethanol and the alpha-fetoprotein 1 month after treatment were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-free survival rates of all patients were calculated to be 61%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. Among pretreatment parameters, the log-rank test and subsequent Cox's proportional hazards model showed that a tumor size of more than 5 cm in diameter was independently associated with recurrence. The posttreatment parameters of total amount of injected ethanol was also shown to be significantly related to recurrence by the log-rank test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lesions more than 5 cm in diameter and insufficient injected ethanol were associated with intrahepatic recurrence after this combination therapy.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol