title: Treatment of stage 4 adult acquired flatfoot.
abstract: Stage 4 PTT dysfunction is a rare anatomic condition in which fixed hindfoot valgus is associated with valgus tilting of the talus within the ankle mortise. Success with nonoperative management is the exception rather than the rule. The surgical options are a tibiotalocalcaneal fusion or a pantalar fusion; however, there are few results reported in the adult acquired flatfoot population. Valgus talar tilting after triple arthrodesis may be the challenge of the future.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nunley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000075202:Contraindications; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D005529:Foot Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D005531:Foot Deformities, Acquired / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009989:Orthotic Devices