title: Effects in vivo of iohexol and diatrizoate on human plasma acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two iodinate contrast agents (CA), iohexol and diatrizoate, on human plasma acetyl-(AC) and butyrylcholinesterase(BC) activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients (24 males and 24 females) scheduled for intravenous pyelography were randomly divided into four groups of 6 males and 6 females each, receiving as CA, respectively: iohexol (Omnipaque, Schering) 0.6 ml/kg body weight (G1); iohexol 1.2 mg/kg (G2); sodium and meglumine diatrizoate 58% (Urografin, Schering) 0.6 ml/kg (G3); sodium and meglumine diatrizoate 58% 1.2 ml/kg (G4). Blood samples were taken before and 5, 10, and 20 min after the injection. Enzymatic activity of AC and BC were measured by spectrophotometry. Plasma concentration of K, Na, Ca, and Mg was measured in all blood samples; blood pressure and plasma pH were measured after each sample collection. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In G1 a reversible decrease of AC (12.9%) and BC (8.2%) plasma activity was observed at 10 min. In G2 a progressive decrease of AC (13.9%) and BC (18.4%) plasma activity was observed with a maximum at 20 min. In G3 a modest reversible decrease of BC plasma activity (5.4%) was observed. In G4 a modest progressive decrease of AC (7.3%) and BC (6.5%) plasma activities was observed. In all cases, AC and BC plasma activities remained within the normal range of values. Plasma concentration of K, Na, Ca, and Mg, as well as pH and systolic and diastolic pressure, did not show any change. No adverse effects was observed in our patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iohexol and diatrizoate induce in vivo a significant decrease of AC and BC plasma activities. The decrease is more pronounced for iohexol, a non ionic CA, which has a lower pharmacotoxicity than diatrizoate and adverse effects rate. No inference can be drawn about the relationship between plasma cholinesterase activity and adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mironidou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katsimba
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kokkas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaitartzis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karamanos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Christopoulos
mesh_terms: D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003973:Diatrizoate; D007472:Iohexol; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases