title: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings. Surgical results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) remains one of the most controversial of lung cancer subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1980 to 1998, 374 resected patients for NSCLC were followed up in our department. Of the 147 cases histologically defined as adenocarcinoma, 34 were pure BAC. The records of these 34 patients were retrospectively reviewed in order to evaluate patient and tumor characteristics and to identify which variables had a prognostic impact on survival and recurrence rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age, sex, smoking habits and symptoms were not differentiating characteristics when related to radiographic presentation or to natural history. Mucinous cell-type (23.6% of cases) was more frequent with non-smokers, presence of a single nodule or mass and stage I. Favorable characteristics were: a) the prevalence of stage I and N0 cases (59% and 76.7% of cases, respectively) with a mean survival time of 66 and 77 months, respectively; and b) the radiographic presentation of a solitary pulmonary nodule or mass (76.4% of cases), that, independently of nodal involvement, showed a higher mean survival time (62 months). Independently significant adverse prognostic factors were: stage II-IV, lymph node involvement, and patient age over sixty years. The radiographic presence of multiple or satellite nodules was related to a significantly adverse prognosis (mean survival time: 18 months) by univariate analysis; this was not confirmed by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience BAC was the NSCLC subtype more frequently associated with a good outcome after resection; surgery should not to be denied also in patients with multiple nodules, when under sixty years of age and no lymph node involvement.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volpino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cangemi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mingazzini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cangemi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cangemi
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors