title: Characterization of growth-restricted fetuses with breakdown of the brain-sparing effect diagnosed by spectral Doppler.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize serial findings of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) flow patterns, their relationship to each other, and neonatal outcomes in growth-restricted fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial pulsatility indices (PIs) from MCA and UA Doppler waveforms were measured in 41 growth-restricted fetuses until Cesarean delivery. We found three patterns, as follows: phase 1 (n = 27), UA PI < MCA PI (no brain-sparing effect); phase 2 (n = 11), UA PI > MCA PI (brain-sparing effect); phase 3 (n = 3), both PIs elevated with the absence of end-diastolic flow or presence of reverse end-diastolic flow, which was designated as the 'breakdown of the brain-sparing effect'. Umbilical cord blood gas data at delivery were compared between each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age at delivery and body weights were significantly different for each phase. The mean body weights in all phases were significantly diminished from Japanese standard body weights, indicating growth restriction. The phase 3 pH and base excess were significantly different from those of the other two phases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth-restricted fetuses which suffered from the state of breakdown of the brain-sparing effect were delivered early with severe growth restriction and mild metabolic acidosis. The change from decreased to increased MCA PI along with increasing UA PI may predict a severely growth-restricted infant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan. y-taka@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000502:physiology*