title: Induction of apoptosis in CTLL-2 cells by protocatechualdehyde.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative effect induced by protocatechualdehyde (PA, a dihydroxybenzene derivative). The viability of cytotoxic T cells (CfLL-2) stimulated by IL2 was significantly inhibited at 0.12 mM PA. This inhibitory effect was associated with the induction of apoptosis detected by DNA fragmentation assay. DNA ladder appeared at 0.12 mM PA and the intensity of DNA ladder was visible at 0.3 mM PA. PA inhibited the Ib2-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of 91, 80 and 55 KDa proteins, but did not affect IL2-dependent serine/threonine phosphorylation of proteins. The levels of bcl-2 protein and mRNA were suppressed by PA. An alteration in bax protein expression on the apoptosis process in CTLL-2 cells was not observed. However, caspase-3 activity was increased by PA. Our results demonstrate that PA inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in CTLL-2 cells. It is concluded that PA is a potent anti-proliferative agent and is expected to be a promising candidate for novel therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsui-Yuasa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otani
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D002396:Catechols; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C005581:protocatechualdehyde; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases