title: Sulfur-limitation-regulated proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study.
abstract: Little is known about the genes and enzymes involved in sulfur assimilation in Bacillus subtilis, or about the regulation of their expression or activity. To identify genes regulated by sulfur limitation, the authors used two- dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis to compare the proteome of a wild-type strain grown with either sulfate or glutathione as sole sulfur source. A total of 15 proteins whose synthesis is modified under these two conditions were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry. In the presence of sulfate, an increased amount of proteins involved in the metabolism of C(1) units (SerA, GlyA, FolD) and in the biosynthesis of purines (PurQ, Xpt) and pyrimidines (Upp, PyrAA, PyrF) was observed. In the presence of glutathione, the synthesis of two uptake systems (DppE, SsuA), an oxygenase (SsuD), cysteine synthase (CysK) and two proteins of unknown function (YtmI, YurL) was increased. The changes in expression of the corresponding genes, in the presence of sulfate and glutathione, were monitored using slot-blot analyses and lacZ fusions. The ytmI gene is part of a locus of 12 genes which are co-regulated in response to sulfur availability. This putative operon is activated by a LysR-like regulator, YTLI: This is the first regulator involved in the control of expression in response to sulfur availability to be identified in B. subtilis.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation de l'Expression Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France1.
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Coppée
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation de l'Expression Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France1.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation de l'Expression Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France1.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turlin
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation de l'Expression Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France1.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekowska
authors.affiliation: Neurobiologie et Diversité Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7637, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France2.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Le Caer
authors.affiliation: Neurobiologie et Diversité Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7637, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France2.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Labas
authors.affiliation: INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France3.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vagner
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation de l'Expression Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France1.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danchin
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation de l'Expression Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France1.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martin-Verstraete
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007763:Lac Operon; D009876:Operon; D020543:Proteome; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013431:Sulfates; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; D005978:Glutathione