title: Two-generation reproductive toxicity study of tributyltin chloride in female rats.
abstract: A two-generation reproductive toxicity study of the effects of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) was conducted in female rats using dietary concentrations of 5, 25, and 125 ppm TBTCl. Reproductive outcomes of dams (number and body weight of pups and the percentage of live pups) and the growth of female pups (the day of eye opening and body weight gain) were significantly decreased in the 125 ppm TBTCl group. A delay in vaginal opening and impaired estrous cyclicity were also observed in the 125 ppm TBTCl group. However, an increase in anogenital distance was found in all TBTCl groups on postnatal d 1. A dose-effect relationship was observed in TBTCl-induced changes in anogenital distance. These results indicate that the whole-life exposure to TBTCl affects the sexual development and reproductive function of female rats. In addition, the TBTCl-induced increase in anogenital distance seems to suggest it may exert a masculinizing effect on female neonates. However, the concentrations of TBTCl used in this study are not environmentally relevant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. rogata@eisei.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development; D001699:Biometry; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004971:Estrus / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D016014:Linear Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; C011559:tributyltin