title: Outbreak of human monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, 1996 to 1997.
abstract: Human monkeypox is a zoonotic smallpox-like disease caused by an orthopoxvirus of interhuman transmissibility too low to sustain spread in susceptible populations. In February 1997, 88 cases of febrile pustular rash were identified for the previous 12 months in 12 villages of the Katako-Kombe Health Zone, Democratic Republic of Congo (attack rate = 22 per 1,000; case-fatality rate = 3.7%). Seven were active cases confirmed by virus isolation. Orthopoxvirus- neutralizing antibodies were detected in 54% of 72 patients who provided serum and 25% of 59 wild-caught animals, mainly squirrels. Hemagglutination-inhibition assays and Western blotting detected antibodies in 68% and 73% of patients, respectively. Vaccinia vaccination, which protects against monkeypox, ceased by 1983 after global smallpox eradication, leading to an increase in the proportion of susceptible people.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hutin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malfait
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pebody
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Loparev
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ropp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Tshioko
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Szczeniowski
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008993:Monkeypox virus; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013997:Time Factors