title: Regulation of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by retinoic acid.
abstract: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a regulatory enzyme involved in the synthesis of the monounsaturated fatty acids palmitoleate and oleate. The regulation of SCD is of physiological importance because the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids is thought to modulate membrane fluidity. Differential display analysis of retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells identified SCD as a gene regulated by retinoic acid. Two SCD transcripts of 3.9 and 5.2 kilobases in size were found to be expressed in these cells by Northern blot analysis. All-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA) increased SCD mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner; an approximately 7-fold increase was observed with 1 microm all-trans-RA at 48 h. SCD mRNA expression was also increased by 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) as well as 4-(E-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid (TTNPB), a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-specific agonist. AGN194301, a RAR alpha-specific antagonist, suppressed the SCD expression induced by all-trans-RA, TTNPB, and 9-cis-RA. These results indicate the involvement of RAR alpha in the induction of SCD expression by retinoic acid. However, AGN194204, a RXR (retinoid X receptor) pan agonist, also increased SCD mRNA expression. This increase was not blocked by AGN194301, suggesting that an RAR-independent mechanism may also be involved. Thus, SCD expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells is regulated by retinoic acid, and the regulation appears to be mediated through RAR and RXR.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, NEI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20878-2740, USA. william@helix.nih.gov
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kutty
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagineni
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Prouty
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Chandraratna
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiggert
mesh_terms: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019556:COS Cells; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000201:enzymology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000201:enzymology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000235:genetics*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C430898:AGN 194204; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001565:Benzoates; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; C038864:4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase