title: Intracerebral administration of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid induces behavioral and neurochemical alterations in the rat brain.
abstract: Although, the mechanism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) neurotoxicity remains unknown, the monoaminergic system appears to mediate some of its effects in rats as we previously reported. In this study; we examined the 2,4-D effects on locomotor activity, circling behavior and monoamine levels after the injection into the basal ganglia of male adult rats. These effects were compared with those induced after selective lesions of dopaminergic neurons with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). 2,4-D-injected into one striatum (100 microg/rat) produced a marked depression in locomotor activity and elicited a moderate circling towards the ipsilateral side at 6 and 24 h postinjection. These behavioral changes were accompanied by a decrease and an increase of serotonin (5-HT) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels, respectively. 2,4-D administration (100 microg/rat) into the nucleus accumbens, induced similar behavioral and neurochemical patterns to the intrastriatal 2,4-D injection, although rats did not present notorious turning. When 2,4-D was injected into one medial forebrain bundle (MFB, 50 microg/rat), animals presented ipsilateral circling, while locomotor activity was unchanged at 3 and 7 days post-injection. These last rats also exhibited diminished levels of striatal 5-HT, dopamine (DA) and their metabolites without changes in the substantia nigra (SN). Animals sacrificed 3 and 7 days after a 6-OHDA injection into one of the MFB, presented progressive depletion of dopamine in striatum and SN. 2,4-D as well as 6-OHDA-treated rats into one of the MFB were challenged with low dose (0.05 mg/kg s.c.) of apomorphine (only at 7 days post-injection) to evaluate a possible DA-receptor supersensitivity. Only 6-OHDA treated rats showing a vigorous contralateral rotation activity. These results indicate that 2,4-D induced a regionally-specific neurotoxicity in the basal ganglia of rats. The neurotoxic effects of 2,4-D on basal ganglia by interacting with the monoaminergic system depended not only on the exact location of the 2,4-D injection, but also on the dose and time period of post-injection. Toxicity produced by 2,4-D appears to be different in monoaminergic terminals, axonal fibers, and cell bodies.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Faculty, UNR, Rosario, Argentina. analia@amtec.net
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bortolozzi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Evangelista de Duffard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dajas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duffard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silveira
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008474:Medial Forebrain Bundle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D017072:Neostriatum; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens; D016627:Oxidopamine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D006540:Herbicides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D016627:Oxidopamine