title: Application of a drug delivery system in a novel rat model of chronic hyperendotoxemia.
abstract: There has not been an ideal reproducible small-animal model of chronic hyperendotoxemia to date. Our drug delivery system (DDS) is a new technology that can deliver a drug conveniently to a target organ at an optional rate. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was used as a carrier of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and diethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates (2G, 4G, 9G) were used as cross-linking agents. A mixed solution of HEMA and di(poly)ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was charged into a glass tube with or without LPS and polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation. This polymer was cut into DDS tablets of the same size with or without LPS. A mixture with HEMA:4G = 1:3 was the most suitable composition to release a constant concentration of LPS. We also developed a novel rat model of chronic hyperendotoxemia. Four DDS tablets, each containing 15 mg LPS, were implanted into the abdominal cavity of rats in the LPS group. The control group was implanted with four DDS tablets without LPS. Plasma levels of LPS in the study group were maintained at more than 2,000 pg/ml for 72 h after implantation. Weight gain was lower and body temperature was higher in the LPS group than in the control group. Plasma levels of inter leukin (IL)-6 in the LPS group were higher than in the control group only during the initial 12 h after implantation of DDS tablets. The white blood cell count at 24 h and platelet counts at 24, 48, and 72 h in the LPS group were lower than those in the control group. These results indicate that chronic hyperendotoxemia was maintained for 72 h by continuous release of LPS from the DDS. Moreover, the intensity of endotoxemia could be varied by varying the number of DDS tablets. It is concluded that our new rat model using LPS-DDS will be applicable and useful as a model of chronic hyperendotoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Oonohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosumi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohyanagi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakinoki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaetu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008689:Methacrylates; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C013484:diethylene glycol; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate