title: Etk/Bmx tyrosine kinase activates Pak1 and regulates tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells.
abstract: Etk/Bmx, a member of the Tec family of nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, is characterized by an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and has been shown to be a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. P21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), another well characterized effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer cells. In this study, we characterized the role of Etk in mammary development and tumorigenesis and explored the functional interactions between Etk and Pak1. We report that Etk expression is developmentally regulated in the mammary gland. Using transient transfection, coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase-pull down assays, we showed that Etk directly associates with Pak1 via its N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and also phosphorylates Pak1 on tyrosine residues. The expression of wild-type Etk in a non-invasive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells significantly increased proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of epithelial cancer cells. Conversely, expression of kinase-inactive mutant Etk-KQ suppressed the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity of human breast cancer MDA-MB435 cells. These results indicate that Pak1 is a target of Etk and that Etk controls the proliferation as well as the anchorage-independent and tumorigenic growth of mammary epithelial cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagheri-Yarmand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Taludker
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vadlamudi
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; C492367:BMX protein, human; C492366:Bmx protein, mouse; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C515903:PAK1 protein, human; C515905:Pak1 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases