title: Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with biweekly high-dose gemcitabine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until today, an optimal palliative treatment regimen has not been defined for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Since the novel cytidine analog gemcitabine has shown strong antitumor effects in vitro in a human hepatoma cell line and its therapeutic potential seems well established in several different tumors including gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, the present phase II trial using a dose-intensified biweekly administration schedule was initiated.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 patients with histologically confirmed unresectable advanced or metastatic hepatoma were treated with gemcitabine 2,200 mg/m(2) given as a 30-min intravenous infusion on days 1 and 15. Treatment courses were repeated every 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity assessment. No objective response was achieved, stable disease occurred in 8 patients (47%), and 9 progressed while on chemotherapy. The median time to progression was 4 months (range 1.5-14 months), and the median survival time was 8.5 months (range 2.5-16.0+ months). Treatment was well tolerated with mild or moderate leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia representing the most common side effects. Gastrointestinal and other subjective toxicities were infrequent and also generally mild.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the disappointing treatment results, gemcitabine using this particular dose regimen should not be considered for further investigation in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Vienna University Medical School, Vienna, Austria. herbert.ulrich-pur@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulrich-Pur
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kornek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fiebiger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schüll
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raderer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scheithauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine