title: Automatic search for optimal conditions in clinical studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A program for an automatic search for the optimal conditions of important prognostic factors in clinical studies was developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The program was developed for the following steps: (1) Input of the maximum and minimum values and of the interval of the variable to be investigated. Automatic calculation of the Cut Points. (2) Division of the patient data into two groups at every Cut Point and calculation of survival rates. (3) Sequential calculation of P-values and chi-square values for the two sets of survival rates. To determine the usefulness of this program, the optimal irradiation dose was searched for 537 patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The P-value reached its minimum value and the chi-square value its maximum when the Cut Point was 5,925 cGy (0.0001 and 30.18). Between 5,925 cGy and 6,900 cGy, the P-value stayed at less than 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Artificial errors in grouping by prognostic factors can be avoided and the search for optimal conditions can be conducted automatically and scientifically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering, Osaka University Medical School, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanisada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumi
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D017741:Survivors