title: How orthodontic functional appliances work.
abstract: Orthodontic functional appliances are an essential part of an orthodontist's armamentarium. The amount of their use varies greatly, some feeling they have limited use with minor effects, others claiming dramatic changes in facial growth and appearance, without significant genetic constraints. The evidence on clinical use is not equivocal, the general results however not showing an unlimited amount of skeletal change, but rather a balance of change in the growth of the facial bones and dentition with clinically significant changes in the facial soft tissues. This article examines the current evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Royal London NHS Trust, 2nd Floor, Room 215, Dental Institute, New Road, London E1 1BB.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies