title: p21Cip-1/SDI-1/WAF-1 gene is involved in chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in vitro.
abstract: Development of skeletal cartilage is characterized with coupling growth arrest and cell differentiation. Here, to understand the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors involved in the progression of chondrogenic differentiation, we examined changes in the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor members using mouse ATDC5 prechondrocytes as a widely used in vitro model of cartilage differentiation. Up-regulation of p21 and p27 mRNA was observed following a decrease in growth rate of prechondrocytes, and both transcripts subsequently accumulated during chondrogenic differentiation; p15, p18, and p19 mRNA, in contrast, did not change during differentiation. Only the up-regulation of p21 mRNA during differentiation was prevented by the continuous treatment of early chondrogenic inhibitor, parathyroid hormone, indicating a close correlation between differentiation and p21 induction in ATDC5 cells. Therefore, to examine the role of p21 during chondrogenesis, we established stable cell lines overexpressing full-length p21 antisense RNA in ATDC5. The reduction of endogenous p21 in these cell lines caused inhibition of early chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5, indicating that p21 gene plays an important role in this process of the cells in vitro. Furthermore, the level of p21 protein and p21.CDK2 complexes transiently increased during differentiation, but not in undifferentiated cells, leading to a decrease in CDK2-associated kinase. However, differentiation-dependent expressed p21 protein was degraded by a proteasome-dependent pathway. Thus, the progression of chondrogenic differentiation requires down-regulation of CDK2-associated kinase with an increase in p21 protein and subsequent degradation of this protein by a proteasomal pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan. yo-negi@pharm.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003094:Collagen; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495893:Cdk2 protein, mouse; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases