title: Monitoring the duration of antigen-receptor occupancy by calcineurin/glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 control of NF-AT nuclear shuttling.
abstract: Recent structural studies have supported a kinetic model of TCR activation, raising the question of how the duration of receptor occupancy is translated into activation of immune response genes. We summarize evidence that the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear shuttling of NF-ATc family members monitors the duration of receptor occupancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 279 Campus Drive, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stankunas
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Crabtree
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000502:physiology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D019703:Calcineurin