title: X-linked ocular albinism (Nettleship-Falls): a novel 29-bp deletion in exon 1. Carrier detection by ophthalmic examination and DNA analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in the OA1 gene on the short arm of the X chromosome are known to cause X-linked ocular albinism (x1OA) in males. A four-generation family with this disorder, including asymptomatic carrier females, was investigated by molecular analysis of the OA1 gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA samples were available from 22 individuals of this family, including 6 affected males and 6 obligate carriers. The nine exons of the OA1 gene were amplified and further analyzed by SSCP and sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A detailed clinical examination of the index patient and two female carriers showed the typical signs of ocular albinism. Visual evoked potential responses showed markedly asymmetrical responses from the two hemispheres in the affected person as well as in the carriers, as a result of misrouting and decussation of optic nerve fibers. Molecular genetic analysis demonstrated a previously undescribed 29-bp deletion at position 225-253 in exon 1 of the OA1 gene, which segregated in the family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical examination combined with molecular genetic analysis enhances the potential for a precise diagnosis for persons at risk of x1OA and provide an accurate basis for genetic counseling.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik der Universität München, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany. grudolph@ak-i.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meindl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bechmann
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schworm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Achatz
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Boergen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berninger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meitinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016117:Albinism, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D010375:Pedigree; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*