title: Morphometric and anatomic study of the hind limb of a dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain the anatomic and morphometric data required for biomechanical analysis of the hind limb in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A healthy adult mixed-breed 23-kg male dog.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following euthanasia of the dog, all muscles of the right hind limb were identified and meticulously removed. Physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSA) and architectural indices (AI) were calculated. The coordinates for the origin and insertion of each muscle were determined, using orthogonal right-handed coordinate systems embedded in the pelvis, femur, and tibia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCSA and AI were calculated for 29 muscles, and coordinates for the origins and insertions of these muscles were determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide the morphometric and anatomic data necessary for 3-dimensional biomechanical studies of the hind limb in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Section of Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milgram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology