title: A randomized clinical trial of the effect of yoghurt on the human salivary microflora.
abstract: Yoghurt is active against some human pathogens, so this experiment tested whether it is also active against the salivary microflora. A clinical trial was designed, with volunteers aged between 23 and 37 years. Initially, for 8 weeks, they consumed neither yoghurt nor casein-free soybean ice cream (phase 1). They were then split randomly into test (yoghurt) and control (ice cream) groups and required to consume 125 g of these foods twice daily for 8 weeks (phase 2) and then to avoid them for the following 2 weeks (phase 3). Many potential sources of microbial fluctuation were standardized. Salivary samples were then collected at regular intervals of 2 weeks. For each group and phase, the mean logarithms of the salivary counts for total viable flora, oral streptococci, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and Candida were calculated. The prevalence of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus was also assessed. Twenty test and 22 control participants completed the study. At phase 2, the mean for mutans streptococci was lower in the test than in the control group (3.6 vs. 4.0 log colony-forming units/ml; P=0.02). Moreover, the mean had decreased in all test participants with high phase 1 means for lactobacilli as compared to only 36.4% of those with low phase 1 means (P=0.01). L. bulgaricus was transiently detected in three test participants during phase 2. These results suggest that yoghurt does have some activity against the salivary microflora, but this does not seem to be due to the installation of yoghurt microorganisms in the mouth.
authors.affiliation: 'G. Sanarelli' Hygiene Institute, 'La Sapienza' University, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy. stefano.petti@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tarsitani
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: D'Arca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000898:Antibiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D002175:Candida / Q000254:growth & development; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007054:Ice Cream; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013025:Glycine max; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000254:growth & development; D015014:Yogurt / Q000382:microbiology