title: Media-based behavioural treatments for behavioural disorders in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence studies show that behaviour problems in children are quite common (10-15% in preschoolers). These problems may manifest as, for example anxiety, sadness, over-activity and tantrums. Some studies have shown that these problems can be persistent, and that they lead to a range of problems in adolescence and adulthood. Many approaches are used to address behavioural problems such as medication, or more usually, psychological treatments either directly with the child and/or his/her family. Behavioural interventions have been shown to be highly effective but access to these treatments is limited due to factors such as time and expense. Presenting the information parents need in order to manage these behaviour problems in booklet or other media-based format would reduce the cost and thus increase access to these interventions. In the adult population it seems that media-based interventions such as these can be moderately effective. Given that the cost of media-based treatment is so low it is useful to know how effective they are when given to parents. It was hypothesised that media-based treatments would be less effective than conventional psychological treatments and that efficacy would improve with increasing amounts of therapist intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the effects of media-based behavioural therapies (definitions below), for any young person with a behavioural disorder (however diagnosed) compared to standard care and no treatment controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A range of electronic databases were systematically searched using a specified search strategy. Individual journals of interest were hand-searched where necessary, references in all selected trials were checked for other trials and, where it was thought to be of possible use, individual authors were contacted for additional information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials of behavioural media-based treatments for behaviour problems in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abstracts and titles of studies identified from searches of electronic databases were read to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. Full copies of those possibly meeting these criteria from electronic or other searches were assessed by the reviewer and queries were resolved by discussion with an independent rater. Data were analysed using Revman.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, media-based therapies for behavioural disorders in children had a moderate effect when compared with both no-treatment controls and with standard care. Significant improvements were often made with the addition of up to 2 hours of therapist time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These formats of delivering behavioural interventions for carers of children are possibly worth considering in clinical practice. For straightforward cases media-based interventions may be enough to make clinically significant changes in a child's behaviour, and reduce the amount of time primary care workers have to devote to each case. Consequently this would increase the number of families who could possibly benefit from this type of intervention. Media-based therapies would therefore appear to have both clinical and economic implications as regards the treatment of children with behavioural problems.
authors.affiliation: University Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Park Hospital for Children, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LQ. paul.montgomery@psych.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D001638:Bibliotherapy; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014743:Videotape Recording