title: Hydrophilic bile salts enhance differential distribution of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine between micellar and vesicular phases: potential implications for their effects in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hepatocyte canalicular membrane outer leaflet contains both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM). Normally, PC is the exclusive phospholipid in bile. We examined effects of bile salt hydrophobicity on cytotoxicity and on differential SM and PC distribution between detergent-resistant aggregated vesicles (model for detergent-resistant canalicular membrane) and mixed micelles or small unilamellar vesicles (representing lipid phases in bile).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aggregated vesicles were obtained by ultracentrifugation of cholesterol-supersaturated model systems containing SM, PC and various bile salts, micelles by ultrafiltration and unilamellar vesicles by dialysis of the supernatant. Erythrocyte hemolysis and lactate dehydrogenase release from CaCo-2 cells upon incubation with various micelles were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preferential SM distribution and lipid solubilization in aggregated vesicles increased in rank order taurodeoxycholate < taurocholate < tauroursodeoxycholate < taurohyodeoxycholate, with reciprocal PC enrichment in micelles and small unilamellar vesicles. Including small amounts of PC within taurohyodeoxycholate micelles increased cytotoxicity with more erythrocyte hemolysis and LDH release from CaCo-2 cells upon incubation, but decreased cytotoxicity in case of tauroursodeoxycholate micelles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrophilic but not hydrophobic bile salts preserve integrity of pathophysiologically relevant phosphatidylcholine plus sphingomyelin-containing bilayers. Enhanced biliary phospholipid secretion during taurohyodeoxycholate but not during tauroursodeoxycholate therapy (Hepatology 25 (1997) 1306) may relate to different interactions of these bile salts with phospholipids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moschetta
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: vanBerge-Henegouwen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Portincasa
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Renooij
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: van Erpecum
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D014867:Water; D002784:Cholesterol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase