title: Coronary artery disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery occlusive disease is a common though underappreciated complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), typically a disease of young women. A case of a premenopausal patient with SLE and an acute myocardial infarction is presented, and the etiology and management of coronary artery disease in SLE reviewed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the incidence, risk factors, pathology and treatment of coronary artery disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE search of articles in English-language journals from 1980 to 2000. The index words "systemic lupus erythematosus" and the following co-indexing terms were used: "coronary artery disease," "atherosclerosis," "vasculitis," "anticardiolipin antibodies," "antiphospholipid syndrome." SELECTION SYNTHESIS AND ABSTRACTION: Papers identified were reviewed and abstracted by the authors with a presentation of a summary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of coronary artery disease among women with SLE between the ages of 35 and 44 years is at least 50-fold greater than among age-matched control subjects. Of these, coronary atherosclerosis accounts for the vast majority of cases; vasculitis of the coronary arteries and other causes generally believed to be more typical of SLE are comparatively rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence suggests that SLE is a significant risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis independent of the classic risk factors of hypertension, tobacco use, and hyperlipidemia.
authors.affiliation: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center and Cook County Hospital, Chicago IL, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karrar
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sequeira
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Block
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology