title: Type A botulinum toxin in the treatment of chronic facial pain associated with temporo-mandibular dysfunction.
abstract: In an open-label study 41 patients suffering from the muscular form of temporo-mandibular dysfunction were treated with botulinum toxin type A injections into masticatory muscles (average of 200 U on each side) and followed for an average of 6.7 months. Eighty percent of patients improved by a mean reduction of 45% on a visual analogue pain scale. During the observation period, 17% of patients had to receive a second injection because of recurrent pain. Reversible speech and swallowing difficulties occurred in only 1 patient. These encouraging results need to be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: von Lindern
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008410:Masticatory Muscles; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A