title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulatory activity by Gardnerella vaginalis: relationship to biotypes and other pathogenic characteristics.
abstract: Stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis is one possible cause for an increase in the amount of virus in the genital tract. The ability of G. vaginalis to induce HIV expression in chronically infected U1 cells was investigated, along with its possible relationship to biotype, genotype, and resistance to metronidazole and bacteriocin. Significant HIV stimulatory activity was found in 5 (50%) lysates of G. vaginalis. The ability to induce HIV expression in U1 cells was statistically associated with G. vaginalis biotype (P=.048) but not with genotype or resistance to metronidazole and bacteriocin. Further studies to explore the in vivo relevance of HIV activation by G. vaginalis in the female genital tract are warranted, since prevention strategies of bacterial vaginosis and colonization by certain biotypes of G. vaginalis may be valuable in reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. jsimoes@rush.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simoes
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aroutcheva
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heimler
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Spear
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shott
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faro
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005838:Genotype; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D008795:Metronidazole