title: The relationship between steroidogenic factor 1 and DAX-1 expression and in vitro gonadotropin secretion in human pituitary adenomas.
abstract: The orphan nuclear receptors, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and DAX-1, are involved in gonadotroph differentiation, and SF-1 has been shown to activate the LH-beta and glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alpha GSU) gene promoters. Pituitary adenomas from 34 patients [13 somatotroph tumors, 4 prolactinomas, and 17 clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs)] were enzymatically dispersed and cultured in vitro for 48 h. Tissue culture medium was collected and assayed for LH, FSH, and alpha GSU; messenger RNA was extracted from adherent cells, and expression of SF-1 and DAX-1 messenger RNA was determined by RT-PCR and verified by direct DNA sequencing. The presence of DAX-1 protein in tumor tissue was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. DAX-1 was demonstrated in all NFPAs, 7 of 13 somatotroph tumors and 0 of 4 prolactinomas. SF-1 expression occurred in 8 of 16 NFPAs, 4 of 12 somatotroph tumors, and 1 of 4 prolactinomas. LH secretion in vitro was greater in NFPAs that were SF-1 positive (P < 0.05). Neither FSH secretion nor alpha GSU secretion in vitro were significantly related to the expression of SF-1 or DAX-1. SF-1-positive somatotroph tumors immunostained positively for LH-beta and/or FSH-beta and secreted gonadotropins in vitro. SF-1 expression is associated with the in vitro secretion of LH by NFPAs. A proportion of somatotroph tumors also express SF-1 and DAX-1 and secrete gonadotropin hormones in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom. saylwin@mds.qmw.ac.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Aylwin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geddes
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Besser
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burrin
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D006062:Gonadotropins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C539965:NR0B1 protein, human; C515057:NR5A1 protein, human; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors