title: Human transforming growth factor-beta activates a receptor serine/threonine kinase from the intravascular parasite Schistosoma mansoni.
abstract: The biology of the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni is closely integrated with that of its mammalian host. SmRK1, a divergent type I transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor of unknown ligand specificity, was previously identified as a candidate for a receptor that allows schistosomes to respond to host-derived growth factors. The TGF-beta family includes activin, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and TGF-beta, all of which can play crucial roles in metazoan development. The downstream signaling protein of receptors that respond to TGF-beta and activin is Smad2, whereas the receptors that respond to BMPs signal via Smad1. When a constitutively active mutant of SmRK1 was overexpressed with either schistosome Smad1 (SmSmad1) or SmSmad2, a receptor-dependent modulation of SmSmad phosphorylation and luciferase reporter activity occurred only with SmSmad2. To evaluate potential ligand activators of SmRK1, a chimeric receptor containing the extracellular domain of SmRK1 joined to the intracellular domain of the human type I TGF-beta receptor was used. The chimeric receptor bound radiolabeled TGF-beta and could activate a luciferase reporter gene in response to both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 but not BMP7. Confirmatory results were obtained using full-length SmRK1. These experiments implicate TGF-beta as a ligand for SmRK1 and as a potential host-derived regulator of parasite growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009154:Mutation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000737:chemistry; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000201:enzymology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases