title: The Konno aortoventriculoplasty for repeat aortic valve replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of aortic root augmentation by the Konno-aortoventriculoplasty technique as part of reoperative aortic valve replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1983, 15 patients, 12 males and three females, had repeat aortic valve replacement (AVR) with concomitant Konno aortoventriculoplasty. Age ranged from 1.2 to 18 years (mean 12.5 years). The underlying anatomic diagnoses were valve and subvalvar aortic stenosis in 11, truncal valve insufficiency in one, endocarditis in one, Shone's complex in one and severe aortic insufficiency associated with a ventricular septal defect in one patient. All patients had had previous AVR. The causes for reoperation were prosthetic valve stenosis due to growth in ten and paravalvular leak in one, homograft failure in two, xenograft failure in one, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) after mitral valve replacement in one patient. The mean size of explanted prostheses was 19.2 mm (13-23 mm) while the mean size of the implanted prostheses was 24.3 mm (19-27 mm) (P<0.01). Previous aortic root enlargement had been performed in 11 patients in conjunction with AVR. The Manougian technique was used previously in two, Konno aortoventriculoplasty in eight, and both techniques in one patient. The newly implanted aortic valves were a homograft in one patient and mechanical prostheses in 14 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one operative death (1 of 15 or 6.6%) in a 17.5 year old patient with previous AVR and posterior root enlargement, due to low cardiac output state. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 17 years (mean 7.2 years). The only late death occurred in an 11.6-year-old patient due to prosthetic valve endocarditis. Two patients had complete heart block and had permanent pacemaker insertion (2 of 15 or 13.3%). One patient had pulmonary valve replacement because of combined stenosis and insufficiency 5 years after operation. All 13-surviving patients are asymptomatic at latest follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Konno aortoventriculoplasty with repeat AVR may be safely performed. Excellent results may be achieved despite previous aortic root enlargement. It is a good surgical option for complex LVOTO and may even reduce reoperation in children by allowing placement of a larger prosthesis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erez
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kanter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*