title: [Gamma-knife radiosurgery for brainstem arteriovenous malformations. Preliminary results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microsurgical resection have the advantage to be immediately effective according to bleeding risk and is the reference treatment for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. For cerebral arteriovenous malformations located in the brainstem gamma-knife radiosurgery due to its low invasivity is classically a first line treatment. We reviewed the Marseilles experience to assess the efficacy and safety of gamma-knife radiosurgery for brain stem arteriovenous malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed retrospectively data of 45 patients with an arteriovenous malformation located in the brain stem treated in Marseilles by gamma-knife radiosurgery by between 07/92 and 12/99. Mean age was 42 years, there were 5 children. Arteriovenous malformations were located in the pons or midbrain for the majority of the patients. Intraaxial lesion was found in 82% of patients. Hemorrhage prior to radiosurgery occurred in 75% of the patients. Gamma-knife procedure was the first treatment of the arteriovenous malformations for 29 patients (65%); previous surgery was performed in 34 patients (15%). Mean nidus volume was 550 mm(3) (32-14 196 mm(3)). Mean margin dose was of 23 Gy (range 15-30 Gy). Follow up was available for 25 patients (mean 18 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient presented a transient worsening of his neurological status, and 2 patients developed a fixed deficit. Two patients underwent rebleeding at an interval of 12 to 36 months after the gamma-knife procedure. At last angiographic follow-up (13 patients), the obliteration rate was 82% of the arteriovenous malformations. A second procedure was proposed to a patient with only partial occlusion at 3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gamma-knife radiosurgery can achieve good obliteration rate of brain stem arteriovenous malformations with low morbidity and may be a valuable first-choice therapy for such arteriovenous malformations. A larger population and longer follow up are mandatory in order to confirm these preliminary results.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurochirurgie Fonctionnelle et Stéréotaxie, CHU-Hôpital de la Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Régis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Massager
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lévrier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porcheron
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reyns
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peragut
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farnarier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography