title: Laboratory degradation studies of bentazone, dichlorprop, MCPA, and propiconazole in Norwegian soils.
abstract: Laboratory degradation studies were performed in Norwegian soils using two commercial formulations (Tilt and Triagran-P) containing either propiconazole alone or a combination of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA. These soils included a fine sandy loam from Hole and a loam from Kroer, both of which are representative of Norwegian agricultural soils. The third soil was a highly decomposed organic material from the Froland forest. A fourth soil from the Skuterud watershed was used only for propiconazole degradation. After 84 d, less than 0.1% of the initial MCPA concentration remained in all three selected soils. For dichlorprop, the same results were found for the fine sandy loam and the organic-rich soil, but in the loam, 26% of the initial concentration remained. After 84 d, less than 0.1% of the initial concentration of bentazone remained in the organic-rich soil, but in the loam and the fine sandy loam 52 and 69% remained, respectively. Propiconazole was shown to be different from the other pesticides by its persistence. Amounts of initial concentration remaining varied from 40, 70, and 82% in the reference soils after 84 d for the organic-rich soil, fine sandy loam, and loam, respectively. The organic-rich soil showed the highest capacity to decompose all four pesticides. The results from the agricultural soils and the Skuterud watershed showed that the persistence of propiconazole was high. Pesticide degradation was approximated to first-order kinetics. Slow rates of degradation, where more than 50% of the pesticide remained in the soil after the 84-d duration of the experiment, did not fit well with first-order kinetics.
authors.affiliation: The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Plant Protection, As, Norway. christian.thorstensen@planteforsk.no
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Thorstensen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lode
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000383:Agriculture; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014197:Trees; D014230:Triazoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014230:Triazoles; C045950:propiconazole; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C010571:dichlorprop; C002003:bentazone