title: Role of protein kinase C and phosphatases in the pulmonary vasculature of neonatal piglets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is characterized by the presence of intense vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been recognized as a critical regulatory element in signal transduction, because it is dynamically regulated by the opposing actions of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the role of protein kinase C and phosphatases in the neonatal pulmonary vasculature of normoxic and chronically hypoxic piglets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, unblinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn Yorkshire-Landrace piglets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normoxic animals were 3-6 days old. Hypoxic animals were exposed to hypoxia (Fio2 0.10) between 1 and 15 days of age to induce pulmonary hypertension and then were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In isolated perfused lungs from normoxic piglets, we measured the perfusion pressure to assess the vasoconstrictor response to protein kinase C activation with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or 1-oleyl-2-acetyl-glycerol. We also assessed the effect of protein kinase C inhibition with staurosporine (2 x 10-6M) and chelerythrine (5 x 10-5M) on endothelin-1-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. We then examined the effect of chelerythrine and phosphatase inhibition with phenylarsine oxide on the baseline perfusion pressure of normoxic and chronically hypoxic piglets. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and 1-oleyl-2-acetyl-glycerol caused a sustained, dose-dependent increase in perfusion pressure, with relative potencies about 100- and 1000-fold less than endothelin-1, respectively. Protein kinase C inhibitors, chelerythrine and staurosporine, decreased the constrictor response to endothelin-1. Chelerythrine did not affect baseline perfusion pressure in the normoxic animal, whereas it lowered pulmonary vascular tone in chronically hypoxic animals. With respect to phosphatases, phenylarsine oxide significantly increased perfusion pressure in normoxia as well as in hypoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm that protein kinase C activation causes sustained vasoconstriction in the neonatal pulmonary vasculature and mediates the vasoconstrictor action of potent peptides, like endothelin-1. These findings also confirm that protein kinase C activation could be induced by hypoxic exposure in the neonatal piglet pulmonary vasculature. Phosphatases appear to modulate pulmonary vascular tone in the normoxic and hypoxic newborn piglet.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Child Health, University of Missouri Health Science Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Berkenbosch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baribeau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perreault
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013552:Swine; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases