title: Proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and zinc in febrile convulsions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some changes in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and zinc (Zn) in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been suggested to occur for the pathogenesis of febrile convulsions (FC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to test this hypothesis, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and prostaglandins (PGE(2), PGF(2 alpha), PGD(2)) in the CSF and plasma and the levels of Zn in serum and CSF were investigated in children during the acute and late phases of FC. Results were compared with control subjects with meningismus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the acute phase of FC, children had significantly elevated plasma levels of IL-1 beta, CSF levels of TNF-alpha, plasma levels of PGE(2), PGF(2 alpha) and PGD(2) and CSF levels of PGD(2) (P<0.05). A positive correlation between the degree of fever and plasma IL-1 beta levels was observed in both patients and controls. Three months after the acute phase of FC, plasma levels of IL-1 beta had returned to levels seen in controls. Children with FC also had significantly decreased serum Zn levels during the acute phase (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to CSF Zn levels (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the acute phase of FC, patients had significantly increased plasma IL-1 beta and prostaglandin levels and decreased serum Zn levels. These changes may be responsible for FC pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ege Univeristy Medical School, Izmir, Turkey. stutuncu@med.ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tütüncüoğlu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kütükçüler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kepe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berdeli
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tekgül
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011453:Prostaglandins; D015032:Zinc