title: Alteration of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptide Y in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether deranged nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression is detectable in the stenotic segments of patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we quantified mRNA amounts of NPY, neuronal (n), endothelial (e) and inducible (i) NOS in the stenotic segments of 20 patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (aged 5.1+/-7.0 years) and of 21 unaffected controls (aged 23.5+/-24.2 years). Additionally, mRNAs of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), smooth muscle alpha-actin (Smactin), endothelial cell marker (CD31), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was made for NPY, nNOS, eNOS, iNOS, PGP 9.5, and CD 31.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA of nNOS was significantly reduced in the obstructed junctions when related to the mRNAs of Smactin (P < 0.001) or GAPDH (P < 0.05), respectively. A significant reduction was also obtained for eNOS mRNA when standardized to CD31 (P < 0.05), GAPDH or Smactin mRNA (P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). NPY, PGP 9.5 and iNOS mRNAs were found in comparable quantities in both groups. In the stenotic segments, Smactin mRNA level was about twofold higher than in our control specimens, as shown by the lower CT values for the patients in real-time PCR (16.9+/-2.0 vs 17.9+/-2.6, P < 0.05). Furthermore, Smactin, nNOS, iNOS, eNOS, and NPY mRNA levels in specimens of unaffected ureteropelvic junctions were independent of age. Major differences between control and stenotic tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry: There was a dramatic reduction of innervation density as evidenced by nNOS and NPY labeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, we found alterations in NOS gene expression and NPY innervation in tissue specimens of patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Knerr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dittrich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kummer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rascher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004727:Endothelium / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000201:enzymology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014513:Ureter / Q000201:enzymology*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000151:congenital* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase