title: Pulmonary infiltrates in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence, etiology, and outcome of pulmonary infiltrates (PIs) in HIV-infected patients and to evaluate the yield of diagnostic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study of consecutive hospital admissions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected patients with new-onset radiologic PIs from April 1998 to March 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study protocol included chest radiography, blood and sputum cultures, serologic testing for "atypical" causes of pneumonia, testing for Legionella urinary antigen, testing for cytomegalovirus antigenemia, and bronchoscopy in case of diffuse or progressive PIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred two episodes in 92 patients were recorded. The incidence of PIs was 18 episodes per 100 hospital admission-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15-21). An etiologic diagnosis was achieved in 62 cases (61%). Bacterial pneumonia (BP), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and mycobacteriosis were the main diagnoses. The incidences of BP and mycobacteriosis were not statistically different in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) versus non-HAART patients. The incidence of PCP was lower in those receiving HAART (p =.011), however. Nine patients died (10%). Independent factors associated with higher mortality were mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR] = 83; CI: 4.2-1,682), age >50 years (OR = 23; CI: 2-283), and not having an etiologic diagnosis (OR = 22; CI: 1.6-293).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary infiltrates are still a frequent cause of hospital admission in the HAART era, and BP is the main etiology. There was no difference in the rate of BP and mycobacteriosis in HAART and non-HAART patients. Not having an etiologic diagnosis is an independent factor associated with mortality.
authors.affiliation: Institut Clínic d'Infeccions i Immunologia, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. welby@retemail.es
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rañó
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agustí
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Danés
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pumarola
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miró
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load