title: Evaluation of uncalibrated preferential flow models against data for isoproturon movement to drains through a heavy clay soil.
abstract: The uncalibrated predictive ability of four preferential flow models (CRACK-NP, MACRO/MACRO_DB, PLM, SWAT) has been evaluated against point rates of drainflow and associated concentrations of isoproturon from a highly structured and heterogeneous clay soil in the south of England. Data were available for four plots for a number of storm events in each of three successive growing seasons. The mechanistic models CRACK-NP and MACRO generally gave reasonable estimates of drainflow over the three seasons, but under-estimated concentrations of isoproturon over a prolonged period in the first season and over-estimated them in the two remaining seasons. CRACK-NP simulated maximum concentrations of isoproturon over the first two events of each of the three seasons of 156, 527 and 24.4 micrograms litre-1, respectively, and matched the observed data (465, 65.1 and 0.65 micrograms litre-1) slightly better than MACRO (69.1, 566 and 58.5 micrograms litre-1). Automatic selection of parameters from soils information within MACRO_DB reduced the emphasis on preferential flow relative to the stand-alone version of MACRO. This gave a poor simulation of isoproturon breakthrough and simulated maximum concentrations were 0, 50.1 and 35.1 micrograms litre-1, respectively. The capacity model PLM gave the best overall simulation of total drainflow for the first two events in each season, but over-estimated concentrations of isoproturon (967, 808 and 51.3 micrograms litre-1). The simple model SWAT represented total drainflow reasonably well and gave the best simulation of maximum isoproturon concentrations (140, 80.2 and 8.2 micrograms litre-1). There was no clear advantage here in using the mechanistic models rather than the simpler models. None of the models tested was able to simulate consistently the data set, and uncalibrated modelling cannot be recommended for such artificially drained heavy clay soils.
authors.affiliation: Cranfield Centre for EcoChemistry, Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beulke
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Dubus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000032:analysis; D000077215:Clay; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004739:England; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D008782:Methylurea Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D016062:Porosity; D012212:Rheology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D006540:Herbicides; D008782:Methylurea Compounds; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; C028904:isoproturon; D000077215:Clay