title: Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to a novel species: report of a case and review of the literature.
abstract: Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare disease caused by dematiaceous (darkly pigmented) fungi. Cladophialophora species are highly neurotropic, and Cladophialophora bantiana (synonym=Xylohypha bantiana or C. trichoides) is the most commonly identified agent. Most reported cases of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis have occurred in immunocompetent patients; however, some case reports and experimental data have suggested that cellular immune deficiency is a risk factor. We report a case of pulmonary and cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a cardiac transplant patient due to a newly identified species of Cladophialophora. Optimal management includes both antifungal therapy and surgery.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Osiyemi
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dowdy
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mallon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cleary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D020314:Central Nervous System Fungal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology; D010676:Phialophora / Q000302:isolation & purification