title: Temporomandibular disorders in adults with repaired cleft lip and palate: a comparison with controls.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and assess psycho-social distress in adult subjects with repaired complete cleft lip and palate (CLP). Sixty-three adults (42 males and 21 females, mean age 24.2 years, range 19.5-29.2) with repaired CLP (CLP group) were compared with a group of 66 adults without cleft (non-cleft group, 49 males and 17 females, mean age 25.5 years, range 20.2-29.9). All subjects underwent a clinical TMD examination, which followed the guidelines in the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Jaw function was assessed by evaluating answers to the mandibular function impairment questionnaire (MFIQ). Tension-type headache was diagnosed according to the International Headache Society (IHS) classification. Psychological status was assessed using the depression score and the non-specific physical symptom score with subscales of the Revised Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R). The prevalence of reported pain in the face, jaws and/or TMJs was 14 and 9 per cent for the CLP and non-cleft group, respectively, and did not differ significantly between the groups. The CLP group exhibited a significantly reduced jaw-opening pattern (P < 0.001) and a higher frequency of crossbites (P < 0.05) compared with the non-cleft group. Whilst jaw function was similar in both groups, a few items, e.g. speech and drinking, were significantly more impaired (P < 0.01) in the CLP group than in the non-cleft group. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning tension-type headache or psycho-social distress. The study found that overall TMD pain or psycho-social distress was not more common in this CLP group than in a non-cleft group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcusson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paulin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dworkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000503:physiopathology; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013016:Sound; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000209:etiology