title: Prospective, randomized study to evaluate the success rates using hCG, vaginal progesterone or a combination of both for luteal phase support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective study was done to compare the efficacy of luteal phase support (LPS) using either three times hCG (group I, n=77), hCG on the day of embryo transfer (ET) in combination with daily vaginal progesterone (group II, n=62) or vaginal progesterone only (group III, n=70).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated using the long luteal protocol for controlled ovarian stimulation in an IVF (in vitro fertilization) cycle. Patients were randomized to one of these groups when estradiol was <2500 pg/ml and less than 12 oocytes were retrieved (low risk groups). If estradiol was > or = 2500 pg/ml and/or at least 12 oocytes were retrieved (high risk groups), patients were randomized to receive either hCG in combination with daily vaginal progesterone (group IV, n=83) or progesterone only (group V, n=121). For vaginal progesterone Utrogest was used (three times daily two capsules containing 100 mg progesterone, 600 mg/d).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic data were comparable within the high risk and low risk groups. However, for unknown reasons the fertilization rate was significantly higher in group V (48%) compared to group IV (40%) (p<0.05), leading to a significantly higher cumulative embryo score. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to the main outcome parameter, the clinical ongoing pregnancy rate in the low risk groups (14.3%, 14.5%, 11.4%) and the high risk groups (21.0%, 21.5%), respectively. Using a standardized discomfort scale, there were more complaints towards the end of the luteal phase in the groups receiving hCG only or an additional injection of hCG, when compared to the progesterone only groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progesterone only for luteal phase support leads to the same clinical ongoing pregnancy rate as hCG, but has no impact on the comfort of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katalinic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strik
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalcek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felberbaum
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Küpker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schöpper
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Hasani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011336:Probability; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011374:Progesterone