title: Rapid imaging of experimental colitis with (99m)Tc-interleukin-8 in rabbits.
abstract: Radiolabeled autologous leukocytes (WBCs) are the gold standard for imaging inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For the rapid and adequate management of patients with IBD, there is need for a new agent at least as good as radiolabeled WBCs, but easier to prepare and without its inherent risks. In this study, the potential of interleukin-8 (IL-8) labeled with (99m)Tc using hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) to image IBD was investigated in a rabbit model of acute colitis and compared with that of (99m)Tc-HMPAO-labeled granulocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In rabbits with chemically induced acute colitis, inflammatory lesions were scintigraphically visualized after injection of either IL-8 or purified granulocytes, both labeled with (99m)Tc. Gamma camera images were acquired at 2 min and at 1, 2, and 4 h after injection. Four hours after injection, the rabbits were killed, and the uptake of the radiolabel in the dissected tissues was determined. The dissected colon was imaged and the inflammatory lesions were scored macroscopically. For each affected colon segment, the colitis index (affected colon-to-normal colon uptake ratio, CI) was calculated and correlated with the macroscopically scored severity of inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both agents visualized the colitis within 1 h after injection. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-8 images of the colonic abnormalities were more accurate and the intensity of uptake in the affected colon continuously increased until 4 h after injection, whereas no further increase 1 h after injection was noticed scintigraphically for (99m)Tc-HMPAO-granulocytes. The absolute uptake in the affected colon was much higher for IL-8 than for the radiolabeled granulocytes with the percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) 0.41 +/- 0.04 %ID/g and 0.09 +/- 0.05 4 %ID/g h after injection, respectively. With increasing severity, the CI at 4 h after injection for (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-8 was 4.4 +/- 0.6, 13.5 +/- 0.5, and 25.8 +/- 1.0; for granulocytes, the CI at 4 h after injection was 1.5 +/- 0.1, 3.4 +/- 0.2, and 6.4 +/- 0.5, respectively. The CI correlated with the severity of the inflammation (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001 for IL-8; r = 0.95, P < 0.0001 for granulocytes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within 1 h after injection, visualization of the extent of colonic inflammation in vivo was possible with (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-8 and (99m)Tc-HMPAO-granulocytes. Within 2 h after injection, (99m)Tc-IL-8 allowed a good evaluation, and within 4 h after injection, a meticulous evaluation of the severity of IBD. Although (99m)Tc-HMPAO-granulocytes were able to delineate the extent of IBD within 2 h after injection, an accurate estimation of severity of inflammation was not possible. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-IL-8 is an inflammation-imaging agent that showed promising results in this study. (99m)Tc-IL-8 can be prepared off-the-shelf and yields excellent imaging with high target-to-background ratios.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gratz
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rennen
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Boerman
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Corstens
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003106:Colon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006098:Granulocytes; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011817:Rabbits; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013667:Technetium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C117288:hydrazino nicotinamide; D009536:Niacinamide; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D013667:Technetium; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid