title: Alcohol consumption and risk for hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of alcohol intake with development of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal study (followed from 1990 to 1999).
  
  
  METHODS
  Work site in Osaka, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese male office workers (n = 1,310) hypertension-free, with systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg, no medication for hypertension, and no past history of hypertension, 30 to 59 years of age at study entry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for potential predictors of hypertension, the relative risk for hypertension (SBP 140 mmHg or greater and/or DBP 90 mmHg or greater or receipt of antihypertensive medication) compared with non-drinkers was 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05 to 2.19] for persons who drank 0.1 to 22.9 g/day of ethanol, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.54) for those who drank 23.0 to 45.9 g/day of ethanol, 2.12 (95% CI, 1.53 to 2.94) for those who drank 46.0 to 68.9 g/day of ethanol, and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.75 to 3.52) for those who drank > or = 69.0 g/day of ethanol (for trend, P < 0.001). The relative risk for hypertension in current drinkers versus non-drinkers was stronger among men with a body mass index (BMI) less than 24.2 kg/m2 than among men with a BMI 24.2 kg/m2 or more, although the absolute risk was greater in more obese men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk for hypertension increased in a dose-dependent manner as alcohol intake increased in middle-aged Japanese men. The increased relative risk for hypertension associated with alcohol was more pronounced in leaner men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Course of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine F2, Japan. noriyuki@pbhel.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors