title: Evaluation of various agro-wastes for traditional black soap production.
abstract: The agricultural wastes, cocoa-pod husks, palm-bunch waste, sorghum chaff and groundnut shells, which are normally thrown away have been used in the production of black soap. Unlike other soaps which are made from oils and chemicals, black soap is made from oils and agro-wastes ashes. Chemical analysis indicated that the liquid extract from the ashes of the different agro-wastes used contained various amounts of potassium and sodium compounds. The most common ingredient in the agro-wastes was potassium carbonate. The amount of potassium carbonate was 56.73 +/- 0.16% in cocoa-pod ash, 43.15 +/- 0.13% in palm-bunch ash, 16.65 +/- 0.05% in groundnut shell ash and 12.40 +/- 0.08% in sorghum chaff ash. Soaps made from the agro-wastes ashes had excellent solubility, consistency, cleansing and lathering abilities.
authors.affiliation: Chemical and Fibre Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. fiiro@rcl.nig.com
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Taiwo
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Osinowo
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D017745:Incineration; D012915:Soaps; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D012915:Soaps; D014866:Waste Products