title: Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-induced RhoA translocation and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibitors.
abstract: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors prevent the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate and thereby inhibit the synthesis of other products derived from this metabolite. This includes a number of small prenylated GTPases involved in cell growth, motility, and invasion. We studied the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (fluvastatin and lovastatin) on in vitro invasion of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced a dose-dependent increase of PANC-1 cell invasion in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Stimulation of cancer cells with EGF induced translocation of RhoA from the cytosol to the membrane fraction and actin stress fiber assembly. Furthermore, Clostridium botulinum C3 transferase, a specific inhibitor of Rho, inhibited the ability of EGF to promote invasion, indicating that EGF-induced cancer cell invasion is regulated by Rho signaling. Treatment of PANC-1 cells with fluvastatin markedly attenuated EGF-induced translocation of RhoA from the cytosol to the membrane fraction and actin stress fiber assembly, whereas it did not inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptor and c-erbB-2. The induction of cancer cell invasion by EGF was inhibited by the addition of fluvastatin or lovastatin in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of fluvastatin or lovastatin on cell morphology and invasion were reversed by the addition of all-trans-geranylgeraniol but not by the addition of all-trans-farnesol. These results suggest that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors affect RhoA activation by preventing geranylgeranylation, which results in inhibition of EGF-induced invasiveness of human pancreatic cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biochemistry, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsuta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akedo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000494:pharmacology; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; C063007:exoenzyme C3, Clostridium botulinum; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein