title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by restoring 15-lipoxygenase-1 expression.
abstract: In previous studies, we have found that expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) and its main product, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, are decreased in human colorectal cancers and that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can therapeutically induce 15-LOX-1 expression to trigger apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. NSAIDs similarly induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells, although the mechanisms of these effects remain to be defined. In the present study, we tested whether 15-LOX-1 is down-regulated in human esophageal cancers using paired normal and tumor human surgical samples and whether NSAIDs can up-regulate 15-LOX-1 to restore apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. We found that: (a) 15-LOX-1 was down-regulated in human esophageal carcinomas; (b) NSAIDs induced 15-LOX-1 expression during apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells; and (c) 15-LOX-1 inhibition suppressed NSAID-induced apoptosis, which was restored by 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid but not by its parent compound, linoleic acid. These findings demonstrate that 15-LOX-1 is down-regulated in human esophageal carcinomas and that NSAIDs induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells via up-regulation of 15-LOX-1. They also support the concept that the loss of the proapoptotic role of 15-LOX-1 in epithelial cancers is not limited to human colorectal cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cancer, Division of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shureiqi
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lippman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013467:Sulindac / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D013467:Sulindac; C024348:13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase