Angiotensin receptor blockers and aldosterone antagonists in chronic heart failure.
Prognosis in congestive heart failure is directly linked to neurohormonal activation. Angiotensin II through the activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system has been the principal focus therapy over the last 2 decades. New agents that target selective blockade of the angiotensin II receptor have been introduced in clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure. Aldosterone has been identified as a critically important neurohormone with direct detrimental effects on the myocardium. Aldosterone antagonists have been used in clinical trials to improve mortality in patients with chronic heart failure.
Miller
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Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. Alan.Miller@jax.ufl.edu
Srivastava
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D000450:Aldosterone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068756:Valsartan
D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; D013148:Spironolactone; D000450:Aldosterone; D000068756:Valsartan; D002216:Captopril; D014633:Valine; D019808:Losartan