title: Postintubation phonatory insufficiency: an elusive diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe postintubation phonatory insufficiency, a routinely overlooked complication of prolonged intubation. This entity results from an erosive injury with permanent divots of the medial surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages and/or scarring of the anterior cricoarytenoid joint capsule so that during phonation there is incomplete adduction and a glottic gap remains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present a retrospective review of the findings of 138 patients evaluated for chronic intubation injuries in our voice laboratory using a diagnostic model composed of pertinent history, elicited vocal capabilities and limitations, and an intense fiberoptic laryngeal examination directed at revealing the suspected injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In many patients, the diagnosis of postintubation phonatory insufficiency was made years after the intubation injury occurred and after numerous nondiagnostic examinations elsewhere. Mechanisms of intubation injury are reviewed, and prevention and treatment of the condition are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Loyola Voice Institute and the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. rbasti@luc.edu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000293:injuries*; D006685:Hoarseness; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology