title: Acquisition of secondary structural chromosomal changes in pediatric ewing sarcoma is a probable prognostic factor for tumor response and clinical outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Ewing sarcoma (ES) group of tumors commonly have the t(11;22)(q24;q12) or other rearrangements involving 22q12. In addition to these consistent aberrations, both numeric and structural aberrations have been reported: namely gains of chromosomes 8 and 12, the unbalanced translocation t(1;16), and deletions at the short arm of chromosome 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the frequency and to study the prognostic implications of some of these aberrations in children, the authors performed a pilot study of 26 ES pediatric patients by classic cytogenetics and/or interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and compared these data with clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gains of chromosomes 8 and 12 were detected, by interphase FISH, in 48% (10 of 21) and 38% (6 of 16) of the tumors, respectively, and this was not significant with respect to treatment response. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of additional secondary structural chromosomal aberrations was associated with an unfavorable outcome (P = 0.0034 as an independent prognostic value as an unfavorable marker). Presence of metastasis at diagnosis also was found to be associated with poor outcome (P = 0.0131). Spectral karyotyping analysis was shown to facilitate the detection of more complex structural chromosomal aberrations in a representative ES tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to determine whether additional structural chromosomal aberrations are present in ES tumors because it appears that a more complex karyotype with multiple chromosomal aberrations is associated with poor outcome in ES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zielenska
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marrano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bayani
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thorner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Squire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics*; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 / Q000235:genetics*; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome