title: Randomized trial comparing the efficacy of a novel manual breast pump with a standard electric breast pump in mothers who delivered preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are widely recognized, yet technological advances in milk expression have been slow. We compared the efficacy of a standard electric pump (EP; Egnell) used in 94% of United Kingdom neonatal units with a novel manual pump (MP; Avent ISIS) designed to operate more physiologically by simulating the infant's compressive action on the areola during breastfeeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 145 women who delivered infants of <35 weeks' gestation to use the MP or the EP and measured total milk volume expressed while using the randomized pump during the infant's hospital stay, pattern of milk output and creamatocrit of milk expressed during a test period in the second week, and pump characteristics by maternal questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers who used the EP, who frequently double pumped, showed shorter expression times but produced no more milk than mothers who used the MP. When both pumped sequentially, however, mothers who used the MP showed significantly greater milk flow and total volume over 20 minutes. Creamatocrit was unaffected by pump type. The MP was rated significantly higher than the EP on 5 major characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared on equal terms (sequential pumping), mothers who used the MP showed greater milk flow, perhaps reflecting more physiologic pump design. Even with double pumping, mothers who used the EP did not advantage their infants with greater milk production. We believe that this novel, effective MP, preferred by mothers and costing a fraction of the EP price, reflects a significant advance in milk expression for high-risk infants.breast pumps, randomized trial, preterm infants.
authors.affiliation: MRC Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, London. m.fewtrell@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fewtrell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucas
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007774:Lactation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D013396:Suction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires