title: Chronic heart failure in Australian general practice. The Cardiac Awareness Survey and Evaluation (CASE) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency and general practitioner awareness of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and to evaluate a cardiac algorithm and document cardiac investigations performed in establishing this diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March and August 1998, consecutive patients aged 60 years and older presenting to their GP were assessed. In patients previously diagnosed with CHF, aetiology and diagnostic assessments were documented. In patients with suspected CHF (by a standardised algorithm, based on World Health Organization guidelines), further investigations and GP diagnosis were recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 consecutive patients were assessed by each of 341 GPs throughout Australia, reflecting the Australian metropolitan/rural population mix of 1996. This provided a total of 22060 evaluable patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimated numbers of patients with CHF in general practice (previously and newly diagnosed); major aetiological factors; use of ancillary diagnostic tests; drugs prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CHF was diagnosed in 2905 of 22060 patients (13.2%) (2485 previously diagnosed and 420 newly diagnosed). Major aetiological factors were ischaemic heart disease and hypertension. Echocardiography had been performed in 64% of previously diagnosed patients, but was performed in only 22% of possible CHF patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were prescribed in 58.1% of patients with CHF. Patients with evidence of left ventricular dysfunction were more likely to have received ACE inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHF appears to be very common in the elderly, based on GP diagnosis of the condition. Of 100 patients aged 60 years and over presenting to their GP, two new cases of CHF will be detected using a simple clinical algorithm in conjunction with appropriate diagnostic tests. ACE inhibitors appear to be underutilised.
authors.affiliation: Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tonkin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Djundjek
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003625:Data Collection; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors