title: Brimonidine 0.2% given two or three times daily versus timolol maleate 0.5% in primary open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.2% two or three times daily versus timolol maleate 0.5% solution twice daily.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were randomized by Latin square technique to one of the three treatment sequences in this crossover, prospective double-masked trial. Each treatment period consisted of 6 weeks of chronic dosing followed by a diurnal curve for the intraocular pressure measured at 08:00, 10:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22:00, and 24:00 hours. Intraocular pressure was measured by applanation tonometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients completed this trial. The average diurnal intraocular pressures in the trial were measured for timolol maleate (17.7 +/- 2.7 mm Hg), brimonidine given three times daily (18.0 +/- 2.2 mm Hg), and brimonidine given twice daily (19.2 +/- 2.4 mm Hg). There was a statistical difference between groups (P <.005). When groups were compared by pairs, three times daily dosing with brimonidine and timolol maleate both reduced the pressure more than twice daily brimonidine at every time point past 10:00 hours and for the diurnal curve (P <.05). In contrast, three times daily brimonidine and timolol maleate were statistically similar for the diurnal pressure, and each time point, except timolol maleate, decreased the pressure more at 16:00 (P =.042). Safety was similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that both timolol maleate twice daily and brimonidine three times daily provide a similar intraocular pressure reduction to each other. Timolol maleate twice daily and brimonidine three times daily provide a greater decrease in pressure in the late afternoon and nighttime hours, compared with brimonidine twice daily.
authors.affiliation: AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Konstas
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Topouzis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tersis
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Stangos
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D013999:Timolol