title: Normative values of craniofacial measurements in idiopathic benign macrocephalic children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine normal standard values at each age for head circumference; inner canthal distance; outer canthal distance; near interpupillary distance; distant [far] interpupillary distance; canthal index; and circumference-interorbital index specific for the age, sex, and race in 7- to 16-year-old idiopathic benign macrocephalic male and female children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The measurements of head circumference were obtained in 8736 children (4591 boys and 4145 girls) in the city center of Malatya. From these, macrocephalic children (boys = 103, girls = 93) were chosen and invited to our clinic for detailed examination. Mean values for each parameter were obtained at each age from 7 to 16 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age for male and female children were 11.87 +/- 2.87 and 11.72 +/- 2.75 years, respectively. The overall mean values for head circumference, inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance, near interpupillary distance, distant interpupillary distance, canthal index and circumference-interorbital index in boys were found to be 57.43 +/- 1.46 cm, 31.90 +/- 2.41 mm, 89.29 +/- 4.34 mm, 58.79 +/- 2.97 mm, 62.10 +/- 3.23 mm, 35.73 +/- 2.24, and 5.56 +/- 0.44, respectively. In girls, these values were 56.57 +/- 1.24 cm, 31.45 +/- 2.65 mm, 87.71 +/- 4.11 mm, 58.16 +/- 3.46 mm, 61.26 +/- 3.66 mm, 35.84 +/- 2.31, and 5.56 +/- 0.43, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal values of craniofacial measurements for idiopathic benign macrocephalic healthy children are useful in early identification of some craniofacial syndromes, congenital or posttraumatic telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypo-hypertelorism and of planning surgical intervention. We suggest that the comparison of craniofacial dimensions of macrocephalic healthy children must be performed with normal standards specific for age as well as sex and race.
authors.affiliation: Inönü University School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. evereklioglu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evereklioglu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yakinci
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Er
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doganay
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Durmaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*