title: Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acyl-COA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters. The form of ACAT in macrophages, ACAT1, contributes to foam cell formation in the arterial wall and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (the apolipoprotein E [apoE]-deficient mouse), however, have suggested that complete deficiency of ACAT1 activity is not antiatherogenic, in part because of toxicity resulting from adverse effects on tissue cholesterol homeostasis. We have tested whether partial inhibition of ACAT1 and ACAT2 (expressed in liver and intestine) activities reduces atherosclerosis development in apoE-deficient mice and avoids toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ApoE-deficient mice were maintained for 17 weeks on a Western-type diet without (control) or with the ACAT inhibitor F-1394 (effective against ACAT1 and ACAT2) at doses of either 300 (low) or 900 (high) mg/kg. Intimal lesion area at the aortic sinus in controls was 0.69+/-0.06 mm(2). F-1394 treatment significantly decreased lesional area by 39% (low) or 45% (high). F-1394 treatment also reduced lesional immunostaining for macrophages by 61% (low) or 83% (high). En face analysis showed that surface lipid staining in control aortas was 20.0+/-2.8%; F-1394 treatment reduced this by 46% (low) or 62% (high). There were no obvious signs of systemic or vessel wall toxicity associated with F-1394 treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial ACAT inhibition by F-1394 had antiatherogenic effects in apoE-deficient mice that were achieved without obvious toxicity. Partial ACAT inhibition may have therapeutic potential in the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hansoty
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aragane
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Badimon
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D004146:Dioxanes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C094918:F 1394; D002784:Cholesterol; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase