title: Cytokine production by Vgamma(+)-T-cell subsets is an important factor determining CD4(+)-Th-cell phenotype and susceptibility of BALB/c mice to coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis.
abstract: Two coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) variants (H3 and H310A1) differ by a single amino acid mutation in the VP2 capsid protein. H3 induces severe myocarditis in BALB/c mice, but H310A1 is amyocarditic. Infection with H3, but not H310A1, preferentially activates Vgamma4 Vdelta4 cells, which are strongly positive for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), whereas Vgamma1 Vdelta4 cells are increased in both H3 and H310A1 virus-infected animals. Depletion of Vgamma1(+) cells using monoclonal anti-Vgamma1 antibody enhanced myocarditis and CD4(+)-, IFN-gamma(+)-cell responses in both H3- and H310A1-infected mice yet decreased the CD4(+)-, IL-4(+)-cell response. Depleting Vgamma4(+) cells suppressed myocarditis and reduced CD4(+) IFN-gamma(+) cells but increased CD4(+) IL-4(+) T cells. The role of cytokine production by Vgamma1(+) and Vgamma4(+) T cells was investigated by adoptively transferring these cells isolated from H3-infected BALB/c Stat4 knockout (Stat4ko) (defective in IFN-gamma expression) or BALB/c Stat6ko (defective in IL-4 expression) mice into H3 virus-infected wild-type BALB/c recipients. Vgamma4 and Vgamma1(+) T cells from Stat4ko mice expressed IL-4 but no or minimal IFN-gamma, whereas these cell populations derived from Stat6ko mice expressed IFN-gamma but no IL-4. Stat4ko Vgamma1(+) cells (IL-4(+)) suppress myocarditis. Stat6ko Vgamma1(+) cells (IFN-gamma(+)) were not inhibitory. Stat6ko Vgamma4(+) cells (IFN-gamma(+)) significantly enhanced myocarditis. Stat4ko Vgamma4(+) cells (IL-4(+)) neither inhibited nor enhanced disease. These results show that distinct gammadelta-T-cell subsets control myocarditis susceptibility and bias the CD4(+)-Th-cell response. The cytokines produced by the Vgamma subpopulation have a significant influence on the CD4(+)-Th-cell phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA. shuber@salus.med.uvm.edu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graveline
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000209:etiology*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000032:analysis*; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494091:Stat4 protein, mouse; C494100:Stat6 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators