The use of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
In healthy postmenopausal women, estrogen or hormone replacement therapy (ERT or HRT) can alleviate menopausal symptoms and prevent osteoporosis and may also protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition to improving lipid metabolism, there are reports that estrogen also improves parameters regulating carbohydrate metabolism, including insulin resistance, in healthy women. Therefore, it is likely that ERT or HRT would also benefit women with type 2 diabetes, not only in relieving menopausal symptoms but also in improving the metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes and in preventing cardiovascular disease.
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Endocrine, Diabetes, and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, One South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control; D018579:Patient Selection; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016387:Women's Health