title: Immunotherapy of metastasis.
abstract: This article provides a basic overview of tumor immunology vaccines, current vaccine trials, and future directions of vaccine strategies for the treatment of metastatic cancers. As dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cell and central to the regulation, maturation, and maintenance of a cellular immune response to cancer, these cells may be crucial to tumor vaccine strategies. Peptide-based strategies and monoclonal antibodies also have been used with some success in developing a tumor-specific response. Methods promoting a more effective immune response and maintaining T-cell survival through administration of adjuvant cytokines, synthetically modified antigens, and various other immunoadjuvants are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. Dallalr@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dallal
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines