title: Cellular characteristics of nipple aspiration fluid during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women.
abstract: Cellular characteristics of nipple aspiration fluid during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women Fifteen healthy premenopausal female volunteers underwent weekly nipple aspiration of ductal fluid from both breasts during two menstrual cycles to investigate the variability of the cellular profile of the ductal fluid. Ductal fluid was successfully obtained using breast massage and nipple-areolar suction from 247/280 (89%) breasts. 83% of samples available for cytological analysis were cellular and 30% of cellular aspirates contained ductal epithelial cells identified using standard morphological criteria. No significant variation in cell number or cell type was identified during the menstrual cycle. All samples tested had an 'H' score of zero for oestrogen receptor. Seven out of 14 women expressed the proliferation marker Mcm-2 in the cells of at least one of the specimens, with no evidence of a menstrual cycle influence on expression. In conclusion, the cellular profile of breast ductal fluid did not vary consistently during the menstrual cycle, permitting future breast cancer screening studies incorporating serial nipple aspirations to be performed independent of the phase of the cycle.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Trott
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Eeles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D017697:Premenopause; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D013396:Suction
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2