title: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression and proliferation stimulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in situ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stimulation of proliferative activity by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been demonstrated in vitro for cultured primary and carcinoma cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of uPA stimulation on cultured squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck in vitro and to compare the results with the situation in tumor tissue specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  The uPA-mediated growth stimulation of 2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines after suppression of endogenous uPA production was monitored by measuring (3)H-thymidine uptake into cellular DNA. Alternatively, applications of antibodies against the uPA-binding domain of the urokinase receptor were used to suppress autostimulation. To analyze the situation in situ we performed Western blot and zymographic studies on tissue homogenates of 25 squamous cell carcinoma specimens. We tested the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for proliferative activity, and uPA in tissue lysates and correlated uPA and PCNA expression by regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-molecular-weight urokinase had a proliferation stimulative effect on both cell lines in vitro. The uPA autostimulation was decreased by blocking the uPA-binding domain of urokinase receptor with antibodies. Regression analysis of zymographic and Western blot data of tumor tissue lysates revealed no significant coherency between PCNA and uPA expression. Immunohistochemical stainings frequently showed different sublocalization of uPA and PCNA within tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro uPA-mediated growth stimulation is not necessarily transferable to the in situ situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grünsfelder
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator