title: Excretory urography by intraosseous injection of contrast media in a rabbit model.
abstract: There are many indications for an intravenous excretory urogram. However, where intravenous access is not available, the intraosseous route to the circulation may be an alternative. We found that safe and diagnostic excretory urograms could be obtained in rabbits following the injection of different contrast media via the intraosseous route. In fact, these excretory urograms were indistinguishable from ones obtained by the conventional intravenous route. While the rabbits did not develop any abnormal clinical signs following the procedure, there were postmortem histologic lesions of osteochondrosis in 5 of 22 (22.7%) tibias receiving an intraosseous needle, but in none of the 14 tibias that did not receive an intraosseous needle. Further, the use of diatrizoate was associated with the development of osteochondrosis while the use of iopamidol was not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Porzio
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pharr
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007483:Iothalamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010007:Osteochondritis / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011817:Rabbits; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013977:Tibia; D014553:Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena; D014567:Urography / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003973:Diatrizoate; D007483:Iothalamic Acid