title: Compensatory up-regulation of angiotensin II subtype 1 receptors in alpha ENaC knockout heterozygous mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In mice, a partial loss of function of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which regulates sodium excretion in the distal nephron, causes pseudohypoaldosteronism, a salt-wasting syndrome. The purpose of the present experiments was to examine how alpha ENaC knockout heterozygous (+/-) mice, which have only one allele of the gene encoding for the alpha subunit of ENaC, control their blood pressure (BP) and sodium balance.
  
  
  METHODS
  BP, urinary electrolyte excretion, plasma renin activity, and urinary adosterone were measured in wild-type (+/+) and heterozygous (+/-) mice on a low, regular, or high sodium diet. In addition, the BP response to angiotensin II (Ang II) and to Ang II receptor blockade, and the number and affinity of Ang II subtype 1 (AT1) receptors in renal tissue were analyzed in both mouse strains on the three diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with wild-type mice (+/+), alpha ENaC heterozygous mutant mice (+/-) showed an intact capacity to maintain BP and sodium balance when studied on different sodium diets. However, no change in plasma renin activity was found in response to changes in sodium intake in alpha ENaC +/- mice. On a normal salt diet, heterozygous mice had an increased vascular responsiveness to exogenous Ang II (P < 0.01). Moreover, on a normal and low sodium intake, these mice exhibited an increase in the number of AT1 receptors in renal tissues; their BP lowered markedly during the Ang II receptor blockade (P < 0.01) and there was a clear tendency for an increase in urinary aldosterone excretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  alpha ENaC heterozygous mice have developed an unusual mechanism of compensation leading to an activation of the renin-angiotensin system, that is, the up-regulation of AT1 receptors. This up-regulation may be due to an increase in aldosterone production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hummler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maillard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nussberger
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Rossier
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burnier
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D005838:Genotype; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D015222:Sodium Channels; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012083:Renin