title: Somatic and psychological complaints and their correlates with insomnia in the Japanese general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of somatic and psychological complaints (SPCs) and to investigate the association of SPCs with insomnia in a sample of the general adult population of Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly selected 4000 adult residents (-20 years old) from five areas of Japan using stratified sampling and conducted interviews using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire solicited information about eight somatic symptoms, eight psychological symptoms, three sleep problems, and demographic and health-related information. A total of 3,030 subjects completed questionnaires, giving a response rate of 75.8%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stiff neck/shoulder (45.3%), backache (35.1%), and fatigue (31.4%) were the most common complaints in this population. In general, SPCs were more prevalent in younger persons and in women. Logistic regression analyses, controlling for other factors, showed that insomnia was significantly associated with a number of SPCs: backache (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-1.6), epigastric discomfort (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3-2.2), weight loss (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.3), headache (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3-2.2), fatigue (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-2.1), worrying (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3), irritability (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.7), and loss of interest (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2-2.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPCs were common and were largely associated with insomnia in the general adult population of Japan. Further study is needed to examine the causal links between SPCs and insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ichikawa-city, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohida
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires