title: Interrelationship between estimates of adiposity and body fat distribution with metabolic and hemostatic parameters in obese children.
abstract: Adiposity in childhood is often associated with metabolic abnormalities and accompanied by a dysregulation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. We studied the interrelationship of metabolic and hemostatic parameters and explored their relationship with measures of adiposity and fat distribution in obese children. In 34 obese boys (mean age, 11.7 years) and 57 obese girls (12.1 years), blood samples were determined for insulin, glucose, triglycerides, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue-type plasminogen activator-antigen (tPA-Ag). Body composition was assessed by means of impedance. Waist (Wc) and hip circumference were measured. The thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue-layers (SAT-layers) was measured at 15 different body sites (from 1-neck to 15-calf) by means of the optical device, Lipometer. Overall subcutaneous fatness (SAT) was calculated and SAT-distribution was estimated by means of factor analysis. Significant correlations were found between different measures of adiposity and Wc with metabolic parameters. Fibrinogen was mainly associated with upper body subcutaneous fatness (factor 1) in boys. In girls, hemostatic parameters were associated with nearly all measures of adiposity and also with factor 1 and SAT. Regression analysis showed that factor 1 together with PAI-1 (both P <.0001) contribute to fibrinogen (adjusted [adj], R(2) =.30). PAI-1 together with trigylcerides (both P <.0001) and age (P <.04) were main determinants for tPA-Ag (adj, R(2) =.41). tPA-Ag (P <.0001) together with glucose (P <.001, negative slope), fibrinogen (P <.001, negative slope), and percentage fat mass (%FM) (P <.01) contributed to PAI-1 (adj, R(2) =.54). These results favor the concept of an interrelationship between metabolic and hemostatic parameters resulting from increased adiposity, perhaps influenced by pubertal development of children. Although upper body subcutaneous fatness was found to be a main correlate of metabolic and hemostatic parameters, it remains to be investigated whether this type of subcutaneous fat distribution is involved in the expression of metabolic and hemostatic risk factors and participates in the dysregulation of the hemostatic system in the state of childhood obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sport Sciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallistl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Payerl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tafeit
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Borkenstein
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness