title: Titanium casting: the surface reaction layer of castings obtained using ultra-low-temperature molds.
abstract: To examine whether the surface reaction layer of titanium castings can be reduced by lowering the mold temperature during casting, we cast titanium at three mold temperatures, including an ultra-low temperature produced by cooling the mold with liquid nitrogen, then measured the tensile strength and elongation of the castings. The titanium was cast using a centrifugal casting machine, and the molds were incinerated according to the manufacturers' instructions. Castings were then made with the molds at 200 degrees C, 600 degrees C, and an ultra-low temperature (-196 degrees C). The castability of titanium cast in the mold at the ultra-low temperature was good. The Vickers hardness near the surface layer of castings decreased as the mold temperature decreased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onouchi
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurotani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
mesh_terms: D003080:Cold Temperature; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000737:chemistry*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004548:Elasticity; D006244:Hardness; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009584:Nitrogen; D010232:Paraffin / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D014885:Waxes; D010232:Paraffin; D014025:Titanium; D009584:Nitrogen