title: The effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on insulin signal transduction in the liver of diabetic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously reported that repeated subcutaneous or intracerebroventricular injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reduces blood glucose concentrations in obese diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. In this study, we assessed the effects of BDNF on insulin action in peripheral tissues of diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (20 mg/kg) was subcutaneously given to male db/db mice for 14 days and then the insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors and insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity in peripheral tissues was assessed. Second, we examined the effects of a single subcutaneous or intracerebroventricular brain-derived neurotrophic factor injection on insulin responsiveness in liver and skeletal muscle of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Third, the effects of brain-derived neurothrophic factor on insulin action were also examined in cultured cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated injection of BDNF to db/db mice for 14 days enhanced insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors in liver and insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity in liver, skeletal muscle and interscapular brown adipose tissue. We then examined the rapid effect of BDNF on insulin signalling in vivo. A single subcutaneous or intracerebroventricular injection of BDNF rapidly increased insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors and PI 3-kinase activity in liver of STZ-mice. No direct effect of brain-derived neurothrophic factor was observed on insulin signalling in primary cultured hepatocytes, L6 muscle cells or 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Brain-derived neurothrophic factor did not affect either glucose uptake or gluconeogenesis in these cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that brain-derived neurothrophic factor rapidly enhances insulin signal transduction in liver and shows hypoglycaemic action in diabetic mice.
authors.affiliation: Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taiji
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007328:Insulin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D005947:Glucose