title: Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.
abstract: Human beings can be proactive and engaged or, alternatively, passive and alienated, largely as a function of the social conditions in which they develop and function. Accordingly, research guided by self-determination theory has focused on the social-contextual conditions that facilitate versus forestall the natural processes of self-motivation and healthy psychological development. Specifically, factors have been examined that enhance versus undermine intrinsic motivation, self-regulation, and well-being. The findings have led to the postulate of three innate psychological needs--competence, autonomy, and relatedness--which when satisfied yield enhanced self-motivation and mental health and when thwarted lead to diminished motivation and well-being. Also considered is the significance of these psychological needs and processes within domains such as health care, education, work, sport, religion, and psychotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. ryan@psych.rochester.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Deci
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008603:Mental Health; D009042:Motivation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012951:Socialization