title: Heart rate-lowering calcium antagonists in hypertensive post-myocardial infarction patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse effects of a heart rate-lowering calcium antagonist in hypertensive post-myocardial infarction patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From three large, randomized, placebo-controlled, secondary prevention trials investigating verapamil or diltiazem (the first and second Danish Verapamil Infarction Trials and the Multicentre Diltiazem Post-Infarction Trial) data from a total of 1,325 hypertensive post-myocardial infarction patients (drugs = 667, placebo = 658) were pooled to assess effect of blinded therapy on mortality and event rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with heart rate-lowering calcium antagonists was associated with significant reduction in event rates [21.4 versus 27.4%; risk ratio (RR) = 0.76, confidence interval (CI) = 0.61 -0.95, P= 0.013]. Mortality rates in the treatment group were 15.1 versus 17.5% in the control group (RR = 0.87, CI = 0.66-1.13, P= 0.296). Among the subset of 964 hypertensive patients without pulmonary congestion, there was some reduction in mortality rate (11.3 versus 15.3% in the control group; RR = 0.72, P= 0.066) and significant reduction in event rates (18 versus 24.4% for control group; RR = 0.70, P= 0.011). In patients with pulmonary congestion and hypertension, however, calcium antagonists were associated with a 25% increase in mortality (RR = 1.25, P= 0.339), while event rate RR was 1.00. After an adjustment for significant covariates, RR for mortality in treatment versus control groups was 0.76 (P= 0.159). For event rates, RR was 0.74 (P= 0.057).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart rate-lowering calcium antagonists decrease event rates in hypertensive post-myocardial infarction patients, but only in those without pulmonary congestion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. fmesserli@aol.com
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Messerli
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Schechtman
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Boden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil; D004110:Diltiazem