title: Prevalence and clinical presentation of subclinical/silent celiac disease in adults: an analysis on a 12-year observation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, an increased incidence of subclinical/silent celiac disease has been reported. Thus, we herein describe the prevalence and the clinical presentation of subclinical/silent celiac disease in 252 consecutive diagnosed celiac patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 1999 we diagnosed 252 celiac patients (74M and 178F, mean age: 27.9 yrs; range: 15-65 yrs, F/M ratio: 2.4). 144 patients were referred to us due to gastrointestinal symptoms, while 108 were referred to us from other specialists due to unexplained or unresponsive disease. All patients underwent both total immunoglobulin A and antigliadin antibodies antiendomysium antibody and evaluation, followed by gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  144 (57.14%) and 108 (42.86%) patients showed classical and subclinical/silent celiac disease, respectively. The most frequent extraintestinal marker of subclinical celiac disease were iron-deficiency anemia (27.77%), alopecia and dermatitis herpetiformis (11.36%), osteoporosis (6.81%) and recurrent aphtous stomatitis (5.68%), while first-degree relatives (30%), Basedow's disease (25%) and insulin-dependent diabetes (20%) were the most frequent in silent celiac disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the extremely polymorphic nature of this condition that can affect several organs and apparatus without gastrointestinal symptoms. However, a more precise description of subclinical/silent celiac disease can only emerge from screening studies on general populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile Umberto I, Barletta, BA, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tursi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giorgetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandimarte
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence