title: Ultrasonographic and cytologic findings of metastatic cancer in the thyroid gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer metastasizing to the thyroid is not uncommon. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment appear to contribute to better prognosis in some patients. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical manifestations, ultrasonographic and cytologic findings, and outcomes in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, including clinical courses, ultrasonographic and cytologic findings, and outcomes, of 14 patients with metastatic thyroid cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were various primary sites of cancer in our study population, with adenocarcinoma the most common. The sonographic images in five of 12 patients who underwent sonography showed diffusely heterogeneous hypoechoic abnormalities, while the remaining seven patients had nodular lesions. The cytologic appearances of metastatic lesions in the thyroid were characteristic of the primary malignancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most cancer metastatic to the thyroid presented as advanced metastases of primary malignancies. The sonographic appearance alone was not the ideal discriminator, and fine needle aspiration cytology helped define the diagnosis and management strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tsou
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D014463:Ultrasonography