title: Relationship between fluctuation pattern of blood pressure during hemodialysis treatment and cardiovascular morphology: an autopsy study of 53 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular morphological changes are often conspicuous in autopsy examination of chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. On the other hand, the fluctuation pattern in blood pressure (BP) during HD treatment varies from one patient to another. Cardiovascular changes may correlate with clinical findings including BP fluctuation patterns during HD, although no autopsy studies have previously examined this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 53 autopsies of patients who had been on chronic HD were reviewed. We determined the relationship between BP fluctuation during HD treatment along with stable and cardiovascular morphology, including heart weight, ventricular wall thickness, circumferences of the valves and the severity of aortic arteriosclerosis and coronary stenosis. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the pattern of BP fluctuation during HD treatment at about 6 months before death: group 1 (n = 13), symptomatic hypotension and/or decline pattern during HD; group 2 (n = 11), continuously high BP during HD treatment; group 3 (n = 17), continuous normal BP during HD treatment, and group 4 (n = 12), continuously low BP without symptomatic hypotension during HD treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart weight and ventricular wall thickness were greatest in group 2. The scores for aortic arteriosclerosis in groups 1 and 2 were higher than in groups 3 and 4. The coronary stenosis index was significantly higher in group 1 than in the other groups, and that in group 2 was higher than in group 4. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, HD duration and pulse pressure were independent variables for the score of arteriosclerosis, and the decline pattern of BP fluctuation during HD and pulse pressure were independent variables for coronary stenosis index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that certain clinical parameters including BP during HD may reflect cardiovascular morphological changes in stable HD patients, although further examination, such as 24-hour blood pressure measurement is recommended to elucidate the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Nakatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumae
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumae
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshitake
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D001344:Autopsy; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*