title: Vesico-ureteric reflux in adults with neuropathic bladders treated with Polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the efficacy of Macroplastique in treating vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) in adults with neuropathic bladder dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients (12 male and three female), age range 19 to 80 years (mean age 38) were included in this study. Diagnosis was confirmed by videourodynamics. In seven patients reflux was present bilaterally. Twenty-two refluxing ureters were treated. Twelve patients had detrusor hyper-reflexia, two had areflexic bladders and one had loss of bladder wall compliance. According to the International Grading System, 10 ureters had grade IV reflux, five had grade III reflux, five had grade II reflux, and two had grade I reflux. Macroplastique (0.5-1.5 ml) was injected submucosally under each ureteric orifice to convert the opening to a slit like shape. The patients were followed up from 9 to 68 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VUR was completely resolved in 72.7% (16) ureters following a single injection and in a further 4.5% (1) ureter following a second injection. 9.1% (2) ureters were improved and treatment failed in 13.7% (3) ureters. Two patients showed a recurrence of reflux 1 and 4 years after primary injection and subsequently had a curative second injection. Most of the patients in whom VUR was cured or improved showed a reduction in laboratory proven urinary infection rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macroplastique produced an excellent result (86% with complete resolution or improvement of reflux) in treating VUR in adult neuropathic bladders. This is comparable to larger studies carried out on the paediatric population. This is an easy procedure, which avoids major surgery and can be performed as a day case. In cases of failure or recurrence, repeat injection or open surgery can be undertaken without any added complications.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Injuries Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avenell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D012828:Silicones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D012828:Silicones; C013830:baysilon