title: Major histocompatibility complex and tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms in pigeon breeder's disease.
abstract: Pigeon breeders disease (PBD) is caused by the exposure of a susceptible host to avian antigens. However, genetic factors determining individual predisposition are unknown. In this work, polymorphisms of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter were evaluated in 44 patients with PBD, 99 healthy unrelated controls (HC), and 50 exposed but asymptomatic subjects (EAS). MHC typing was performed by PCR-specific sequence oligonucleotide analysis, and TNF-alpha polymorphism at -238 and -308 positions by amplification refractory mutation system-PCR. PBD patients showed a significant increase of the alleles HLA-DRB1*1305 (p < 0.001, OR = 15.4, 95% CI = 3.18-102.6 [HC], and OR = 17.05, 95% CI = 2.25-357.8 [EAS]) and HLA-DQB1*0501 (p < 0.05, OR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.21-7.15 [HC], and OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.0-9.14 [EAS]). A decrease of HLA-DRB1*0802 was also noticed in patients when compared with both control groups (p < 0.05). Haplotype analysis revealed an increase of DRB1*1305-DQB1*0301 and a decrease of DRB1*0802-DQB1*0402. PBD patients had an increased frequency of TNF-2(-)(308) compared with both control groups (p < 0.05). Patients exhibiting the TNF-2(-)(308) allele were younger (33.9 +/- 14.6 versus 44.2 +/- 10.4 yr; p < 0.05), and displayed more lymphocytes in their bronchoalveolar lavages (88.0 +/- 12.1 versus 68.9 +/- 17.2; p < 0.05). These results suggest that genetic factors located within the MHC region contribute to the development of PBD.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Tlalpan 4502, México DF, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camarena
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juárez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mejía
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falfán
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuñiga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granados
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001716:Bird Fancier's Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha