Nerves and Hormones Interact to Control Gallbladder Function.
Ganglia are the target of several regulatory inputs to the gallbladder. Hormonal cholecystokinin and sympathetic nerves can up- or downregulate neurotransmission in the gallbladder, respectively, by altering the rate of acetylcholine release from vagal preganglionic terminals. Peptides released from sensory axons act directly on gallbladder neurons to increase their excitability.
Mawe
Gary M.
GM
Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, C-423 Given Building, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.