title: Smoking is associated with increased hepatic lipase activity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and early atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: We have studied the relationships between hepatic lipase activity, smoking, dyslipidaemia insulin resistance, and early atherosclerosis in 67 Type 2 diabetic subjects, 47 non-smokers and 20 smokers. Insulin resistance was measured using an insulin modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Early atherosclerosis was assessed using high-resolution ultrasound to measure carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and an arterial ultrasonic score (AUS). Smokers had higher serum cholesterol and triglyceride, lower HDL and HDL2 cholesterol as well as increased hepatic lipase activity. They were also more insulin resistant than non-smokers. Smokers also had higher patient AUS scores. On multiple regression analysis, hepatic lipase activity emerged as the most significant variable affecting patient AUS. We suggest that smoking accentuates the dyslipidaemia of Type 2 diabetic subjects and this is associated with increased hepatic lipase activity. This may be one mechanism whereby smoking further increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, W2 1NY, London, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nimmo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elatrozy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anyaoku
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Elkeles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000032:analysis*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014463:Ultrasonography; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase