title: Seroprevalence of known and putative hepatitis markers in United States blood donors with ALT levels at least 120 IU per L.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ALT testing of blood donors was initiated as a surrogate marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis. Increased sensitivity of subsequent HBV and HCV tests used for standard donor screening make any residual value of ALT testing questionable.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted in 166 of 645 eligible blood donors from three American Red Cross regions whose ALT was > or =120 IU per L and whose standard donor screening tests were negative. Of these enrolled donors, 124 (75%) completed follow-up. Samples obtained from the index donation, at enrollment (1 month), and at follow-up (6 months) underwent the standard donor screening tests, as well as those for HCV RNA and HGV RNA (RT-PCR), antibodies to the virus envelope E2 protein of GB virus type C (GBV-C E2 antibody), and IgM antibody for CMV, parvovirus B19, EBV VCA, and HAV. Participants completed a brief demographic and exposure history questionnaire at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All study samples were negative in standard donor-screening tests. ALT levels were variable at return visits, with 80 to 86 percent <120 IU per L. No participants were positive for HCV RNA; 4 percent were positive for HGV RNA, and 10 percent were positive for GBV-C E2 antibody. Results of CMV, parvovirus B19, EBV VCA, and HAV testing were similar to published background rates. No demographic or exposure history variables had significant correlation with ALT or other testing results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that an ALT > or =120 IU per L in blood donors with negative standard screening tests has questionable value as a surrogate marker for seronegative HBV or HCV infection. Continued ALT testing may contribute little, if anything, to the safety of blood components or plasma for further manufacture.
authors.affiliation: Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA. notarie@usa.redcross.org
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Notari
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Orton
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cable
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grindon
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lenes
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Trouern-Trend
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolf-Nugent
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Dodd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001782:Blood Donors; D005260:Female; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000410:Alanine Transaminase