title: Efficacy and tolerability of antibiotics in patients undergoing H. pylori eradication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. An increasing number of people undergo different treatment options. Unfortunately, H. pylori therapy may be troublesome for drug side effects and inefficacious for resistance to antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-three (193) H. pylori-positive patients were randomly assigned to one of the following 7-day treatments: Group A (N = 64): amoxicillin, clarithromycin and rabeprazole; Group B (N = 64): tinidazole, clarithromycin and ranitidine bismuth citrate; Group C (N = 65): tinidazole, clarithromycin and rabeprazole Eradication was assessed by 13C-Urea Breath Test 6-8 weeks after the end of the therapy. Not-eradicated patients underwent a second cycle with tinidazole, tetracycline, bismuth and rabeprazole. All patients were asked to complete a validated questionnaire regarding presence and intensity of drug side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighty-eight out of the 193 H. pylori-positive patients (96%) completed therapy. No significant difference in eradication rates was observed among the three groups both in intention to treat analysis and in per protocol analysis. No significant difference in incidence of side effects occurred among groups after the first-line regimens: 48% in group A, 44% in group B and 46% in group C. Twenty-two out of the 193 enrolled subjects (11%) were not eradicated after the first-line therapy. Among them, 86% were successfully eradicated by the tinidazole, tetracycline, bismuth and rabeprazole therapy. Moreover, during quadruple therapy, a higher prevalence and intensity of side effects than in each one of the groups submitted to the first-line triple therapy was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that triple rabeprazole-based eradicating regimens are effective and safe. Incidence of side effects seems low and similar in different three-drug regimens used. Quadruple therapy, which appear highly efficacious as a second line therapy, is associated with a significantly higher incidence of side effects when compared to first-line treatment.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armuzzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cremonini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ojetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venuti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001944:Breath Tests; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents