title: Accumulation of macrophages in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine what changes are occurring in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) by examining perisinusoidal macrophages (Kupffer cells) in liver biopsies; 2-to measure transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) as a marker of fibrosis in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry of 15 PSC, 26 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 30 alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and 51 with normal histology was used. Five PSC, 30 ALD and 120 normal volunteers were sampled for serum levels of TGFbeta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a three-fold increase in relative numbers of Kupffer cells in PSC compared to PBC and to patients whose livers had normal histology. In PSC there was an accumulation of perisinusoidal macrophages, which was not associated with focal necrosis or with cholestasis. The levels of TGFbeta in PSC were 54 +/- 2 in cirrhotic versus 34 +/- 5 in non-cirrhotic patients (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The persistent activation of these macrophages may lead to the chronic release of TGFbeta and contribute to chronic inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sunnybrook & Women's Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blendis
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Neuman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta