title: Acute respiratory failure associated with pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-aids patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in non-AIDS patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients in whom PC without HIV infection was diagnosed between February 1989 and March 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients with PC were identified, and 11 of those patients (33%) developed ARF and comprised the study group. Underlying diseases included solid-organ transplant recipients (seven patients; 64%) and other underlying medical conditions (four patients; 36%). The most common symptoms were cough, shortness of breath, and temperature elevation. Extrapulmonary involvement was seen in six patients (meningitis, four patients; peritonitis, one patient; laryngeal mass, one patient). Six of the 11 patients (55%) died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARF may develop in one third of non-AIDS patients with PC. This clinical syndrome is associated with the dissemination to extrapulmonary sites and high mortality rates. PC should be recognized as a possible cause of respiratory failure in non-AIDS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vilchez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lacomis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusne
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000150:complications*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies