title: Patterning of muscle acetylcholine receptor gene expression in the absence of motor innervation.
abstract: The patterning of skeletal muscle is thought to depend upon signals provided by motor neurons. We show that AChR gene expression and AChR clusters are concentrated in the central region of embryonic skeletal muscle in the absence of innervation. Neurally derived Agrin is dispensable for this early phase of AChR expression, but MuSK, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by Agrin, is required to establish this AChR prepattern. The zone of AChR expression in muscle lacking motor axons is wider than normal, indicating that neural signals refine this muscle-autonomous prepattern. Neuronal Neuregulin-1, however, is not involved in this refinement process, nor indeed in synapse-specific AChR gene expression. Our results demonstrate that AChR expression is patterned in the absence of innervation, raising the possibility that similarly prepatterned muscle-derived cues restrict axon growth and initiate synapse formation.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology Program, Skirball Institute, New York University Medical School, New York, NY 10011, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arber
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: William
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jessell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Birchmeier
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Burden
mesh_terms: D018171:Agrin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology* / Q000294:innervation*; D020880:Neuregulins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000235:genetics*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018171:Agrin; D020880:Neuregulins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; C095714:MUSK protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases