title: Visualization of secreted Hrp and Avr proteins along the Hrp pilus during type III secretion in Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae.
abstract: Pili are required for protein and/or DNA transfer from bacteria to recipient plant or bacterial cells, based on genetic evidence. However, it has never been shown directly that the effector proteins or DNA are localized along or inside the pili in situ. Failure to visualize an association of effector proteins/DNA with pili is the central issue in the debate regarding the exact function of pili in protein and DNA transfer. In this study, a newly developed in situ immunogold labelling procedure enabled visualization of the specific localization of type III effector proteins of Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato along the Hrp pilus, but not along the flagellum or randomly in the intercellular space. In contrast, PelE, a pectate lyase secreted via the type II protein secretion system, was not associated with the Hrp pilus. These results provide direct evidence that type III secretion occurs only at the site of Hrp pilus assembly and that the Hrp pilus guides the transfer of effector proteins outside the bacterial cell, favouring the 'conduit/guiding filament' model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGhee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D004885:Erwinia / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000502:physiology*; D020365:RNA Helicases; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C110611:DspA protein, Erwinia amylovora; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C081695:avrPto protein, Pseudomonas syringae; C075462:harpin protein, Erwinia amylovora; C087295:HrpZ protein, Pseudomonas syringae; C092662:hrpA protein, E coli; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D020365:RNA Helicases; C097529:PelE protein, Erwinia chrysanthemi; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases; C023911:pectate lyase