title: A cognitive behavioural intervention to reduce sexually transmitted infections among gay men: randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of a brief cognitive behavioural intervention in reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among gay men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial with 12 months' follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexual health clinic in London.
  
  
  METHODS
  343 gay men with an acute sexually transmitted infection or who reported having had unprotected anal intercourse in the past year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of new sexually transmitted infections diagnosed during follow up and self reported incidence of unprotected anal intercourse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  72% (361/499) of men invited to enter the study did so. 90% (308/343) of participants returned at least one follow up questionnaire or re-attended the clinic and requested a check up for sexually transmitted infections during follow up. At baseline, 37% (63/172) of the intervention group and 30% (50/166) of the control group reported having had unprotected anal intercourse in the past month. At 12 months, the proportions were 27% (31/114) and 32% ( 39/124) respectively (P=0.56). However, 31% (38/123) of the intervention group and 21% (35/168) of controls had had at least one new infection diagnosed at the clinic (adjusted odds ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.74). Considering only men who requested a check up for sexually transmitted infections, the proportion diagnosed with a new infection was 58% (53/91) for men in the intervention group and 43% (35/81) for men in the control group (adjusted odds ratio 1.84, 0.99 to 3.40). Using a regional database that includes information from 23 sexual health clinics in London, we determined that few participants had attended other sexual health clinics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This behavioural intervention was acceptable and feasible to deliver, but it did not reduce the risk of acquiring a new sexually transmitted infection among these gay men at high risk. Even carefully designed interventions should not be assumed to bring benefit. It is important to evaluate their effects in randomised trials with objective clinical end points.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London WC1E 6AU. jimrie@gum.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imrie
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanigaratne
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Billington
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Copas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017211:Treatment Failure