title: Clinical features of patients with acute organophosphate poisoning requiring intensive care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning (OPP), to evaluate the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score as an alternative index for measuring OPP severity, and to assess cholinesterase levels for predicting successful weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review in a medical intensive care unit of an acute general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three adults with OPP between 1995 and 1999. All cases were due to malathion poisoning. Muscarinic features were the predominant clinical manifestations (83%), followed by central nervous system (78%) and nicotinic manifestations (17%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MV was required by 74% of patients because of bronchial secretions (83%), altered conscious level (78%), pneumonia (78%), and flaccid paralysis (57%). Five patients (22%) had features of intermediate syndrome. ICU mortality was 13% and the mean ICU stay was 9.1 +/- 6.0 days. The mean APACHE II score was 17.4 +/- 7.4 and it correlated with mortality, severity of OPP, length of MV, and cholinesterase level. An APACHE II score of 26 or higher was predictive of mortality, with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Threshold levels of serum and red blood cell cholinesterase for successful weaning from MV were 2,900 U/l and 7,500 U/l, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The APACHE II score may be used as an alternative index of severity in patients with OPP; a score of 26 or higher is a good predictor of mortality. Cholinesterase levels are useful in predicting successful weaning of patients from MV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Tai
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008294:Malathion / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011041:Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D015300:Ventilator Weaning
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D002802:Cholinesterases; D008294:Malathion