title: Inflammatory Models of Pain and Hyperalgesia.
abstract: This article addresses important pain research models in nonhuman animals. These models attempt to mimic human persistent pain conditions. Models of persistent pain employ inflammatory agents that produce discomfort and hyperalgesia (i.e., an enhanced response to a noxious stimulus). The models are associated with skin, subcutaneous tissue, and joint inflammation (somatic structures). Studies employing such models have led to significantly improved understanding of mechanisms of somatic pain. It is important that investigators assess the level of pain produced in these animals and provide analgesic agents whenever it does not interfere with the purpose of the experiment. Pain can be inferred from ongoing behavioral variables such as feeding and drinking, sleep-waking cycle, grooming, and social behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dubner