title: Improvement of hemorheological abnormalities in alcoholics by an oral antioxidant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been shown that alcohol impairs erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane fluidity and lipid composition. The aim of this study was to test the effect of a novel acid-resistant antioxidant on the hemorrheology in alcoholics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty alcoholics (25 males, 5 females; mean age: 42 years; range: 31-54; 150 g ethanol/day for 3-5 years) were enrolled into the study. Patients were randomly and double-blindly allocated into 2 groups which were given, for a 2 week period, 18 g/day of Bionormalizer (obtained from biofermentation of carica papaya, pennisetum purpureum, sechium edule, Osato Res. Foundation, Gifu, Japan) dissolved in 5 mL of water at bedtime and 3 hours prior to examination. Placebo consisted of flavored sugar. Healthy teetotalers served as control. On the examination day, blood samples were taken for testing: routine tests, plasma glutathione, ascorbic acid, selenium, plasma lipid hydroperoxides and alpha-tocopherol. Erythrocytes were separated and tested for red blood cell malonyldialdehyde and glutathione content. The hemorheological studies were as follows: blood and plasma viscosity, whole blood filterability, red blood cell membrane fluidity by electron spin resonance, red blood cell aggregation index by photometric rheoscopy and red blood cell deformability by ektacytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared to healthy controls, alcoholics on placebo treatment showed no change of plasma viscosity but a significantly higher red blood cell malonyldialdehyde, blood viscosity (P < 0.05) and lower plasma glutathione, whole blood filterability and red blood cell fluidity (P < 0.01). No relationship appeared between biochemical tests and red blood cell membrane fluidity. Bionormalizer group showed a significant recovery to control values of either blood viscosity and whole blood filterability (P < 0.01) and a partial, although significant, improvement of red blood cell membrane fluidity, red blood cell malonyldialdehyde and plasma glutathione (P < 0.05). As compared to healthy control, red blood cell aggregation decreased in alcoholics (P < 0.05) and was not affected by Bionormalizer. However, Bionormalizer significantly improved the reduced red blood cell deformability (P < 0.05 vs. alcoholics) and this parameter correlated with red blood cell malonyldialdehyde (r: 0.62. P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary data suggest that an effective antioxidant supplementation is able to improve the hemorrheology in alcoholics either by directly affecting the ethanol-related lipoperoxidation and xanthine oxidase system activation and/or by modifying red blood cell membrane characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Hepatogastroenterology Dept., S. Giuseppe Hospital, Milano, Italy. fmarchimede@libero.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Princess
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anzulovic
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Idéo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rouge
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Idéo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004903:Erythrocyte Aggregation; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane; D005260:Female; D006401:Hematologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006401:Hematologic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C436243:bionormalizer