title: Dissociation between coronary sinus and left atrial conduction in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary sinus (CS) recordings are routinely used during electrophysiologic studies for various supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias with the understanding that they represent left atrial (LA) activity. However, the behavior of CS electrical activity during atrial arrhythmias has not drawn any special attention beyond standard considerations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 9 patients (3 women; mean age 59 +/- 11 years) with atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) who developed dissociation of conduction between the CS and posterior LA during spontaneous AF and AFL. In all patients, the LA and the CS were mapped using a 64-electrode basket catheter and a multipolar electrode catheter, respectively. The right atrium (RA) was mapped simultaneously using a 24-polar electrode catheter (7 patients) or a 64-electrode basket catheter (2 patients). Eight patients showed stable double potentials in CS recordings during AF (9 episodes) and AFL (3 episodes). During ongoing arrhythmias, the first row of potentials maintained a constant relationship with the RA activity, whereas the second row of potentials was discordant with the posterior wall of the LA in 7 patients and concordant in 2 patients. In 1 patient with counterclockwise AFL, CS activation was isolated from the posterior wall of the RA until it reached the distal portion of the CS, after which it entered the lateral region of the LA. In 1 patient, a macroreentrant LA tachycardia involving CS muscle was observed. Rapid atrial pacing from the proximal CS and extrastimuli produced longitudinal dissociation of CS activation in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conduction between the CS and posterior LA can be dissociated during spontaneous atrial arrhythmias and provocative proximal CS pacing.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München and 1. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ndrepepa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zrenner
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schreieck
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schömig
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016279:Atrial Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology