title: Function of GATA transcription factors in induction of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: Endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed in response to cytokine stimulation and plays a critical role in inflammatory reactions. Previously, we developed a novel VCAM-1 inhibitor that acts through a mechanism independent of nuclear factor-kappaB activity. It suppresses the binding activity of GATA proteins in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells, which may be related to the anti-VCAM-1 induction effect of this drug. In this study, we investigated the role of GATA proteins in the induction of VCAM-1 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in human endothelial cells. The mRNA expression of GATA-6 was increased, whereas GATA-3 mRNA was decreased by TNF-alpha stimulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that TNF-alpha stimulation increased the DNA binding of GATA-6 but decreased that of GATA-3. Experiments using protein overexpression or antisense oligonucleotides revealed that GATA-6 potently acts as a positive regulator of VCAM-1 gene transcription. In contrast, overexpression of GATA-3 was able to suppress TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression. Our results provide evidence of the importance of GATA proteins in the induction of VCAM-1 by TNF-alpha in vascular endothelial cells. The switch from GATA-3 to GATA-6 is taken to be an important transcriptional control event in TNF-alpha induction of VCAM-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. umetani-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umetani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mataki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minegishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamakubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; D006801:Humans; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; C494759:GATA6 protein, human; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D004247:DNA