title: Clinical assessment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome: bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometry and clinical scores.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnosis of the HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome is based on clinical assessment, in lack of a consensus about case definition and reference methods. Three bedside methods were compared in their diagnostic value for lipodystrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive HIV-infected outpatients (n=278) were investigated, 128 of which also had data from 1997 available. Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and waist, hip and thigh circumferences were performed. Changes in seven body regions were rated by physicians and patients using linear analogue scale assessment (LASA). Diagnostic cut-off values were searched by receiver operator characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipodystrophy was diagnosed in 85 patients (31%). BIA demonstrated higher fat-free mass in patients with lipodystrophy but not after controlling for body mass index and sex. Segmental BIA was not superior to whole body BIA in detecting lipodystrophy. Fat-free mass increased from 1997 to 1999 independent from lipodystrophy. Waist-hip and waist-thigh ratios were higher in patients with lipodystrophy. BIA, anthropometry and LASA did not provide sufficient diagnostic cut-off values for lipodystrophy. Agreement between methods, and between patient and physician rating, was poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These methods do not fulfil the urgent need for quantitative diagnostic tools for lipodystrophy. BIA estimates of fat free mass may be biased by lipodystrophy, indicating a need for re-calibration in HIV infected populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwenk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001824:Body Constitution; D002138:Calibration; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013577:Syndrome