title: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in human skin: a comparison of different antibodies for immunohistochemistry.
abstract: Conflicting results have been reported regarding the localization and presence of TNFalpha in normal human skin. To study TNFalpha expression, we tested a panel of antibodies directed against human TNFalpha. First, antibodies were tested for immunoreactivity on cytospots of isolated LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Second, antibodies were tested to detect recombinant TNFalpha in Western blots. Some antibodies were found to be unable to detect recombinant TNFalpha in the blots. However, most antibodies were able to bind TNFalpha protein, but they did not bind to other irrelevant proteins that were also present in the blots. Finally, antibodies were tested on cryosections of normal human skin. Antibodies that did not react with TNFalpha in the blots were incubated with TNFalpha before the staining procedure to see whether these antibodies specifically bound TNFalpha. We found that, although all the antibodies bound TNFalpha, there were clear differences in staining patterns. This indicates that these antibodies may recognize distinct epitopes or different forms of TNFalpha. The differences found in this study and those reported previously could be the result of differences in the concentration of antibody used, the staining procedure or specificity of the antibody itself. So, for unambiguous interpretation of data, it is important to know the characteristics of the antibodies used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Laan
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Leij
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buurman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Timens
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: ten Duis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012016:Reference Values; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha