title: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic modality for detecting occult lymph node metastases in clinical stage I testicular tumor. In stage II disease, residual tumors after chemotherapy have to be removed surgically. To reduce the morbidity of these procedures we have replaced open surgery by laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 1992 and December 1999 125 patients underwent laparoscopic RPLND (stage I: 76 pts., stage II: 49 pts.)
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic RPLND could be completed as planned in all but two patients in whom bleeding required conversion to open surgery. Once the learning curve had been overcome, mean operative time decreased significantly from 476 to 219 min for stage I and averaged 226 min in stage IIB disease. Only minor postoperative complications occurred such as asymptomatic lymphoceles (7 pts.) and chylous ascites (6 pts.). Mean post-op hospital stay was 3.3 and 3.5 days, respectively (stages I and II). Mean followup is currently 46 months for stage I and 35 months for stage II tumors. Over this period a single retroperitoneal recurrence was observed (stage I), which, however, was not due to surgical failure, but to false negative histologic findings. All other patients have remained free of relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic RPLND is a demanding procedure with a long and steep learning curve. It has proved feasible also after chemotherapy. The diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic RPLND was as good as that of the open procedure, while the morbidity is significantly lower. Tumor control was not compromised by the laparoscopic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janetschek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peschel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hobisch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents