title: A randomized trial to compare the efficacy, safety, cost and platelet aggregation effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (the ESCAPEU trial).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy, safety, cost and effects on platelet aggregation of unfractionated heparin and low-molecular weight heparin in unstable angina patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three patients with unstable angina were randomized to receive either unfractionated heparin (UFH) or enoxaparin in an open design clinical trial with blinded end point evaluation. The effects of the heparins on platelet aggregation were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The composite end point of myocardial infarction, cardiac death, recurrent angina and need for intervention was observed in 62% of patients treated with UFH and in 37% of patients treated with enoxaparin (RR 1.7, 95% CI 0.75 to 3.71, p = 0.04). There was no difference in the frequency or severity of adverse events. A cost-effectiveness analysis showed both the heparins to be similar. Platelet aggregation was inhibited to a greater extent by UFH when compared to enoxaparin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enoxaparin appears to be superior in efficacy to UFH and similar to UFH in safety. No difference in costs was detected in this study. The greater inhibition of platelet aggregation observed in the case of UFH compared to enoxaparin indicates that there may be more bleeding complications with UFH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandhi
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D006493:Heparin