Cellular and molecular mechanisms of estrogen regulation of memory function and neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease: recent insights and remaining challenges.
This review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge of estrogen action in the brain. The greatest amount of attention was devoted to those studies that impact our understanding of estrogen regulation of memory function and prevention of degenerative diseases associated with memory systems, such as Alzheimer's disease. A review of recent advances in our understanding of estrogen receptors, both nuclear and membrane, is also presented. Finally, these data are considered in regard to their relevancy to the use of estrogen replacement therapy for cognitive health throughout menopause and the development of an estrogen replacement therapy designed for the unique requirements of the brain.
Brinton
R D
RD
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. rbrinton@hsc.usc.edu
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology
D004967:Estrogens; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen