title: A pilot study assessing the influences of charge data and group process on diagnostic test ordering by residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Providing charge data to resident physicians has been shown to reduce the amounts spent on diagnostic testing. This pilot study sought to determine the influences of charge data and group decision making on diagnostic test ordering by internal medicine residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an interactive workshop, 23 internal medicine residents received a hypothetical case. They completed an 18-item questionnaire estimating charges for diagnostic tests and then "ordered" tests. The residents were then randomly divided into groups that either received charge data, received charge data after ordering tests, or received no charge data. The groups ordered tests by consensus. Tests were weighted for appropriateness (+1 to +6) and inappropriateness (-1 to -6). Analyses compared individual and group decisions and effect of availability of charge data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residents with access to charge data spent less on tests, but also had lower appropriateness scores. The appropriateness of the diagnostic workup was better by groups than by individuals, but cost more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cost-containment interventions targeted towards doctors in training need to address the effect on quality of care and the influence of the group process in clinical decision making. Group diagnostic decisions may be more costly, but more appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kentucky CLinic, Lexington 40536-0285, USA. Dwrudy0@pop.uky.edy
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Rudy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramsbottom-Lucier
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Georgesen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D003363:Cost Control; D003657:Decision Making; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005249:Fees and Charges; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007629:Kentucky; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics*