title: Predicting outcome in pediatric coin ingestion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between coin size, coin location, patient age, and patient weight and likelihood of coin passage through the esophagus following pediatric coin ingestion. A secondary objective is to test the hypothesis that coin denomination can be determined based on radiographic appearance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of all children seen and evaluated for coin ingestion at a single institution over a 25-month period. Outcome measures included the number of coins that were retained in the esophagus, and the number that passed. Various factors were assessed for their predictive value in judging outcome in coin ingestion cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen percent of patients (15/79) in the study passed their ingested coins. Coin denomination could be accurately determined on every patient that had a standard AP or lateral X-ray film. These findings were marked when compared with the lack of reliability of history in determining coin denomination. Patients who passed coins were as a group older (4.6 vs. 3.2 year, P=0.04), but did not differ significantly by weight (19.5 vs. 15.4 kg, P=0.07) from those that retained the coins. Coins located at the gastroesophageal junction had a significantly higher passage rate than coins located elsewhere in the esophagus (89 vs. 8.2%, P<0.01). Coin size was not predictive of coin passage (P=0.7 by chi(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiographic assessment of coin denomination is reliable, but in this study could not be used to predict coin passage. Patient age and coin location at the gastroesophageal junction, however, do correlate with this event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, MCP/Hahnemann School of Medicine, 2 Logan Square, Suite 1810, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA. mamin@drexel.edu
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Buchinsky
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gaughan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szeremeta
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003672:Defecation; D003679:Deglutition; D004064:Digestive System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D011859:Radiography; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012189:Retrospective Studies