title: Pharmacokinetics of reboxetine in healthy volunteers with different ethnic descents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethnicity can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychopharmacologic drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Reboxetine disposition differences among Asians, blacks, and Caucasians were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy subjects (12 Asians, 12 blacks, 12 Caucasians) received a single oral dose of one 4-mg reboxetine tablet in an open label, parallel study design. Plasma concentrations of reboxetine enantiomers [R,R(-) reboxetine and predominantly active S,S(+) reboxetine] were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. Plasma unbound fractions of reboxetine enantiomers were evaluated by equilibrium dialysis. Ethnic group effects on pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed by ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean S,S(+) reboxetine CLPO for blacks was significantly greater, compared to Asians and Caucasians (154+/-82 ml/min, 101+/-19 ml/min and 101+/-18 ml/min, respectively). Mean S,S(+) reboxetine free fractions (fu) were significantly greater for Asians and blacks, compared to Caucasians (3.04+/-1.28%, 2.89+/-0.69%, and 1.99+/-0.58%, respectively). S,S(+) Reboxetine unbound clearance (CLu) was significantly less for Asians, compared to blacks and Caucasians (3742+/-1468 ml/min, 5187+/-2027 ml/min, and 5294+/-1163 ml/min, respectively). S,S(+) Reboxetine mean unbound AUC (AUCu) in these groups were 20.2+/-7.1 ng.h/ml, 14.6+/-5.1 ng.h/ml, and 13.2+/-3.2 ng.h/ml, respectively. AUCu was significantly greater for Asians. CLu and AUCu did not differ significantly between blacks and Caucasians. Ethnic effects of R,R(-) reboxetine were similar to those observed for S,S(+) reboxetine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AUCu difference between Asian and black and Caucasian subjects was modest. Tolerability differences among groups were not observed. No dosage adjustment is necessary for Asians or blacks.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology II, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Inc, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hendershot
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fleishaker
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Nuccio
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Poland
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D044469:Racial Groups; D000077593:Reboxetine; D018401:Sample Size; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D009025:Morpholines; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000077593:Reboxetine; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A