title: Cyclin D1 gene contains a cryptic promoter that is functional in human cancer cells.
abstract: A novel cyclin D1 (CCND1)-TROP2 fusion oncogene has been isolated from human cancer cells. Unexpectedly, the chimeric cDNA was found to express TROP2 in the absence of exogenous promoters. Mutagenesis of the TROP2 and CCND1 sequences and in vitro transcription/translation show that a cryptic promoter is present in the 3' coding region of CCND1. The CCND1 cryptic promoter is functional in luciferase assays, where it augments the basal expression levels by eightfold and efficiently cooperates with an SV-40 enhancer. The transcription start sites of the cryptic promoter map at bases 797 and 935 of CCND1, as determined by RNase protection assays. The cryptic promoter possesses canonical binding sites for ubiquitous transcription factors and W/S, X1, and CAAT/Y boxes that are characteristic of major histocompatibility complex class II gene promoters. Remarkably, the cryptic CCND1 promoter is active in human cancer cells and generates a truncated transcript that contains CCND1 instability sequences. Thus, this novel CCND1 transcription unit may play a role in the regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and in tumor cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Istituto Mario Negri-Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terrinoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dell'Arciprete
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alberti
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019556:COS Cells; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019940:Genes, bcl-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007739:L Cells; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D013698:Templates, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D019938:Cyclin D1