title: Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid associated with retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the association between retinoblastoma (Rb) and sebaceous carcinoma (SC) of the eyelid to improve surveillance of survivors of RB:
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and systematic literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients who had SC develop after Rb were identified by systematic literature review, and a child who died with lymph node, lung, and liver metastases 7 years after irradiation for Rb is described. The data were analyzed by univariate statistics, including cumulative frequency distribution plots and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 11 children with SC of the eyelid who all had hereditary RB, 9 (82%; 95% confidence interval, 48-98) received a median of 46 Gy (range, 21-89) of radiotherapy at a median age of 16 months (range, 0.5-15 years) and had SC develop within the field of radiation. Their median age at diagnosis of SC was 14 years (range, 8-30 years), median diagnostic delay 12 months (range, 6 months-3 years), and median interval from irradiation 11 years (range, 5-26 years); 7 of them (78%; 95% confidence interval, 40-97) were diagnosed between 5 and 15 years after radiotherapy. SC also developed at the age of 32 and 54 years in two nonirradiated Rb patients. Five patients had regional lymph node metastases after a median time of 12 months (range, 1 month-24 years). The 5-year cumulative probability of survival was 87%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SC of the eyelid may occur in patients with hereditary Rb regardless of primary treatment, especially within the field 5 to 15 years after radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Service and Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. tero.kivela@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kivelä
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asko-Seljavaara
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pihkala
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hovi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heikkonen
mesh_terms: D018266:Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy