title: Inhibition of insulin signaling and glycogen synthesis by phorbol dibutyrate in rat skeletal muscle.
abstract: Numerous studies have shown a correlation between changes in protein kinase C (PKC) distribution and/or activity and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. To investigate which PKC isoforms might be involved and how they affect insulin action and signaling, studies were carried out in rat soleus muscle incubated with phorbol esters. Muscles preincubated for 1 h with 1 microM phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) showed an impaired ability of insulin to stimulate glucose incorporation into glycogen and a translocation of PKC-alpha, -betaI, -theta, and -epsilon, and probably -betaII, from the cytosol to membranes. Preincubation with 1 microM PDBu decreased activation of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase by insulin and to an even greater extent the phosphorylation of Akt/protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase-3. However, it failed to diminish the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase by insulin. Despite these changes in signaling, the stimulation by insulin of glucose transport (2-deoxyglucose uptake) and glucose incorporation into lipid and oxidation to CO2 was unaffected. The results indicate that preincubation of skeletal muscle with phorbol ester leads to a translocation of multiple conventional and novel PKC isoforms and to an impairment of several, but not all, events in the insulin-signaling cascade. They also demonstrate that these changes are associated with an inhibition of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis but that, at the concentration of PDBu used here, glucose transport, its incorporation into lipid, and its oxidation to CO2 are unaffected.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Itani
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kurowski
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yaney
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ruderman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D015151:Immunoblotting; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D006003:Glycogen; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose