Factors affecting employment after whiplash injury.
Of 586 employed patients with a whiplash injury 40 (7%) did not return to work. The risk was increased by three times in heavy manual workers, two and a half times in patients with prior psychological symptoms and doubled for each increase of grade of disability. The length of time off work doubled in patients with a psychological history and trebled for each increase in grade of disability. The self-employed were half as likely to take time off work, but recovered significantly more slowly than employees.
Gozzard
C
C
Southmead General Hospital, Bristol, England, UK.
Bannister
G
G
Langkamer
G
G
Khan
S
S
Gargan
M
M
Foy
C
C
D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*