title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II negatively regulate the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter via a common element.
abstract: A heterodimer of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) is required for adipocyte differentiation. The gene encoding cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a PPARgamma/RXR target gene in adipose tissue. Of the two PPARgamma response elements, gAF1/PCK1 and PCK2, only PCK2 is required for PEPCK expression and responsiveness to the PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, in adipose tissue even though both elements bind PPARgamma/RXR in vitro. In contrast, gAF1/PCK1 is essential for glucocorticoid inhibition of PPARgamma-induced PEPCK gene expression in adipocytes. We report that chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) is the predominant nuclear receptor bound to gAF1/PCK1 in preadipocytes. COUP-TFII declines during adipogenesis in reciprocal fashion to PPARgamma. In transiently transfected fibroblasts COUP-TFII acts at gAF1/PCK1 to inhibit PPARgamma/RXR activation via PCK2. In contrast COUP-TFs are transcriptional activators of PEPCK in hepatocytes. PPARgamma/RXR occupies gAF1/PCK1 in adipocytes, and mutation of gAF1/PCK1 enhances PEPCK promoter transactivation by PPARgamma/RXR in fibroblasts, suggesting that this element is also a negative PPARgamma response element. These results indicate that gAF1/PCK1 is a pleiotropic element through which COUP-TFII inhibits premature PEPCK expression, and perhaps adipogenesis in general, and PPARgamma/RXR uses this same element in adipocytes to participate in PEPCK modulation by glucocorticoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eubank
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duplus
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forest
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Beale
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051837:COUP Transcription Factor II; D051836:COUP Transcription Factors; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019281:Dimerization; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000235:genetics*; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051837:COUP Transcription Factor II; D051836:COUP Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C497587:Nr2f2 protein, mouse; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012313:RNA; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)