title: Whistle mouth pressure as test of expiratory muscle strength.
abstract: Expiratory muscle strength is a determinant of cough function. Mouth pressures during a maximal static expiratory effort (PE,max) are dependent on patient motivation and technique and low values are therefore difficult to interpret. This study hypothesized that a short, sharp and maximal expiration through a narrow aperture, a "whistle", might provide a complementary test of expiratory muscle strength. To obtain a maximal whistle, subjects (27 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) were asked to perform a short, sharp blow as hard as possible, from total lung capacity, through a reversed paediatric inhaler whistle, connected to a flange-type mouthpiece. In both healthy subjects and patients, whistle mouth pressure (Pmo,W) was closely related to the pressure measured in the oesophagus and stomach during the same manoeuvre. In healthy subjects, Pmo,W and PE,max correlated with wide limits of agreement, although Pmo,W values were significantly higher than PE,max (131+/-31 cmH2O versus 101+/-27 cmH2O, p<0.0001). In patients, it was also found that Pmo,w and PE,max values were strongly related (r=0.937, p<0.0001). In healthy subjects, the intraclass correlation coefficient and the variation coefficient for Pmo,W repeated measurements were respectively 0.88 and 7.0%. However Pmo,W and PE,max were always smaller than the gastric pressure generated by a maximal cough. It is concluded that mouth whistle pressure, a noninvasive, reproducible and simple test, provides a reliable measure of expiratory muscle strength in healthy subjects that is acceptable to patients and can be used in a complementary fashion to maximal static expiratory effort.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Respiratory Medicine & Allergy, Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chetta
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lyall
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Polkey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moxham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology