title: Topical and oral administration of the natural water-soluble antioxidant from spinach reduces the multiplicity of papillomas in the Tg.AC mouse model.
abstract: The Tg.AC mouse carrying the v-Ha-ras structural gene is a useful model for the study of chemical carcinogens, especially those acting via non-genotoxic mechanisms. This study evaluated the efficacy of the non-toxic, water-soluble antioxidant from spinach, natural antioxidant (NAO), in reducing skin papilloma induction in female hemizygous Tg.AC mice treated dermally five times over 2.5 weeks with 2.5 microg 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The TPA-only group was considered as a control; the other two groups received, additionally, NAO topically (2 mg) or orally (100 mg/kg), 5 days/week for 5 weeks. Papilloma counts made macroscopically during the clinical observations showed a significant decrease in multiplicity (P<0.01) in the NAO topically treated group. According to histological criteria, papilloma multiplicity were lower in both topical-NAO and oral-NAO groups, but significantly so only in the oral-NAO mice (P<0.01). The beneficial effect of NAO in the Tg.AC mouse is reported.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. nyska@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyska
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lomnitski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spalding
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dunson
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Goldsworthy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ben-Shaul
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boorman
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate