title: Understanding barriers to preventive health actions for occupational noise-induced hearing loss.
abstract: A theoretically based formative evaluation was conducted with coal miners in the Appalachian Mountains who were at high risk for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The results of four focus groups indicate that despite high levels of knowledge, strong perceived severity of negative consequences, and strong perceived susceptibility to hearing loss, two main categories of barriers (environmental and individual) keep coal miners from using their hearing protection devices (HPD). Further analysis suggests that the environmental factors, rather than individual variables, more strongly influence decisions against protective actions. Recommendations and practical implications are offered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication, Michigan State University, Communication Arts and Sciences Building, E. Lansing, MI 48823-1212, USA. pateldh1@pilot.msu.edu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murray-Johnson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Orrego
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Maxfield
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meadows-Hogan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tisdale
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Thimons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003032:Coal Mining; D004430:Ear Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010414:Pennsylvania; D014903:West Virginia