title: Sphingomyelin-enriched microdomains at the Golgi complex.
abstract: Sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-enriched microdomains can be isolated as detergent-resistant membranes from total cell extracts (total-DRM). It is generally believed that this total-DRM represents microdomains of the plasma membrane. Here we describe the purification and detailed characterization of microdomains from Golgi membranes. These Golgi-derived detergent-insoluble complexes (GICs) have a low buoyant density and are highly enriched in lipids, containing 25% of total Golgi phospholipids including 67% of Golgi-derived sphingomyelin, and 43% of Golgi-derived cholesterol. In contrast to total-DRM, GICs contain only 10 major proteins, present in nearly stoichiometric amounts, including the alpha- and beta-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, flotillin-1, caveolin, and subunits of the vacuolar ATPase. Morphological data show a brefeldin A-sensitive and temperature-sensitive localization to the Golgi complex. Strikingly, the stability of GICs does not depend on its membrane environment, because, after addition of brefeldin A to cells, GICs can be isolated from a fused Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum organelle. This indicates that GIC microdomains are not in a dynamic equilibrium with neighboring membrane proteins and lipids. After disruption of the microdomains by cholesterol extraction with cyclodextrin, a subcomplex of several GIC proteins including the B-subunit of the vacuolar ATPase, flotillin-1, caveolin, and p17 could still be isolated by immunoprecipitation. This indicates that several of the identified GIC proteins localize to the same microdomains and that the microdomain scaffold is not required for protein interactions between these GIC proteins but instead might modulate their affinity.
authors.affiliation: Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gkantiragas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brügger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stüven
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaloyanova
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Löhr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lottspeich
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Helms
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D016466:CHO Cells; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D006224:Cricetinae; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000378:metabolism; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019281:Dimerization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000201:enzymology; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: C495537:Cav1 protein, rat; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D003902:Detergents; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C106354:flotillins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D020126:Brefeldin A; D002784:Cholesterol; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins