title: Mycophenolate mofetil prevents salt-sensitive hypertension resulting from nitric oxide synthesis inhibition.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested that subtle microvascular and tubulointerstitial injury in the kidney can cause salt-sensitive hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether the mild renal disease induced by transient blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis would result in salt-sensitive hypertension and whether prevention of the renal injury by coadministration of the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) would block the development of salt sensitivity. N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME; 70 mg/100 ml in the drinking water) was administered for 3 wk to rats with or without MMF (30 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) by gastric gavage), followed by a 1-wk "washout" period in which the MMF was continued, which was followed in turn by placement on a high-salt (4% NaCl) diet for an additional 4 wk. Renal histology was examined at 3 and 8 wk, and blood pressure was measured serially. L-NAME treatment resulted in acute hypertension and the development of mild renal injury. During the washout period, blood pressure returned to normal, only to return to the hypertensive range on exposure of the animals to a high-salt diet. MMF treatment prevented the development of hypertension in response to a high-salt diet. This correlated with the ability of MMF to inhibit specific aspects of the renal injury, including the development of segmental glomerulosclerosis, the infiltration of T cells and ANG II-positive cells, and the thickening of afferent arterioles.
authors.affiliation: Renal Service and Department of Immunobiology (INBIOMED), Hospital Universitario de la Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Quiroz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rincón
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrera-Acosta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gómez-Garre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Largo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egido
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iturbe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester