title: Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin: prognostic utility and prediction of benefit from carvedilol in chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess plasma concentrations of the amino (N)-terminal portion of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) and adrenomedullin for prediction of adverse outcomes and responses to treatment in 297 patients with ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who were randomly assigned to receive carvedilol or placebo.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although neurohormonal status has known prognostic significance in heart failure, the predictive power of either N-BNP or adrenomedullin in chronic ischemic LV dysfunction has not been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma N-BNP and adrenomedullin were measured in 297 patients with chronic ischemic (LV) dysfunction before randomization to carvedilol or placebo, added to established treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor and loop diuretic (with or without digoxin). The patients' clinical outcomes, induding mortality and heart failure events, were recorded for 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Above-median N-BNP and adrenomedullin levels conferred increased risks (all p < 0.001) of mortality (risk ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 4.67 [2-10.9] and 3.92 [1.76-8.7], respectively) and hospital admission with heart failure (4.7 [2.2-10.3] and 2.4 [1.3-4.5], respectively). Both of these predicted death or heart failure independent of age, New York Heart Association functional class, LV ejection fraction, previous myocardial infarction or previous admission with heart failure. Carvedilol reduced the risk of death or heart failure in patients with above-median levels of N-BNP or adrenomedullin, or both, to rates not significantly different from those observed in patients with levels below the median value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with established ischemic LV dysfunction, plasma N-BNP and adrenomedullin are independent predictors of mortality and heart failure. Carvedilol reduced mortality and heart failure in patients with higher pre-treatment plasma N-BNP and adrenomedullin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. barbara.griffin@chmeds.ac.nz
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacMahon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Espiner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Yandle
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D015415:Biomarkers; D002227:Carbazoles; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011412:Propanolamines; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D000077261:Carvedilol; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D053607:Adrenomedullin