title: Season of birth variations in the temperament and character inventory of personality in a general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since several studies show season of birth variations in morbidity, suicidal behavior and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) monoamine metabolites, we investigated season of birth variations in personality in the population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed by multiple logistic regressions the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) for 2,130 individuals taking part in the Betula prospective random cohort study of Umeå, Sweden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The personality dimensions were correlated significantly with age and gender. We stratified the data according to age, gender and the season of TCI measurement. By the median split in each stratum, a high-value group and a low-value group were obtained for each of the personality dimensions. Those born during February to April were significantly more likely than those born during October to January to have high NS (novelty seeking) among women, particularly the subscale NS2 (impulsiveness vs. reflection), and to have high PS (persistence) among men. Temperament profiles also showed season of birth variations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We discuss the associations in the literature between personality and the monoamines serotonin and dopamine, and suggest that our results are compatible with a hypothesis of season of birth variation in the monoamine turnover. The personality traits are likely to be influenced by several genetic and environmental factors, one of them being the season of birth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Umeå, Sweden. jayanti.chotai.us@vll.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chotai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forsgren
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002605:Character; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004298:Dopamine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012701:Serotonin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D013548:Sweden; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine