title: Cluster randomised controlled trial to compare three methods of promoting secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of three different methods of promoting secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pragmatic, unblinded, cluster randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Warwickshire.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 general practices received intervention; outcome measured in 1906 patients aged 55-75 years with established coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audit of notes with summary feedback to primary health care team (audit group); assistance with setting up a disease register and systematic recall of patients to general practitioner (GP recall group); assistance with setting up a disease register and systematic recall of patients to a nurse led clinic (nurse recall group).
  
  
  METHODS
  At 18 months' follow up: adequate assessment (defined) of 3 risk factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking status); prescribing of hypotensive agents, lipid lowering drugs, and antiplatelet drugs; blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, and plasma cotinine levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate assessment of all 3 risk factors was much more common in the nurse and GP recall groups (85%, 76%) than the audit group (52%). The advantage in the nurse recall compared with the audit group was 33% (95% confidence interval 19% to 46%); in the GP recall group compared with the audit group 23% (10% to 36%), and in the nurse recall group compared with the GP recall group 9% (-3% to 22%). However, these differences in assessment were not reflected in clinical outcomes. Mean blood pressure (148/80, 147/81, 148/81 mm Hg), total cholesterol (5.4, 5.5, 5.5 mmol/l), and cotinine levels (% probable smokers 17%, 16%, 19%) varied little between the nurse recall, GP recall, and audit groups respectively, as did prescribing of hypotensive and lipid lowering agents. Prescribing of antiplatelet drugs was higher in the nurse recall group (85%) than the GP recall or audit groups (80%, 74%). After adjustment for baseline levels, the advantage in the nurse recall group compared with the audit group was 10% (3% to 17%), in the nurse recall group compared with the GP recall group 8% (1% to 15%) and in the GP recall group compared with the audit group 2% (-6% to 10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Setting up a register and recall system improved patient assessment at 18 months' follow up but was not consistently better than audit alone in improving treatment or risk factor levels. Understanding the reasons for this is the key next step in improving the quality of care of patients with coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LF. michael.moher@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yudkin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012042:Registries; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D002784:Cholesterol