title: Metabolism of sirolimus and its derivative everolimus by cytochrome P450 3A4: insights from docking, molecular dynamics, and quantum chemical calculations.
abstract: A combination of quantum chemical calculations and molecular simulations (DOCKing and molecular dynamics) is used to investigate the metabolism of sirolimus (rapamycin) and its derivative everolimus (SDZ-RAD) by cytochrome P450 3A4. Both molecules are drugs with high immunosuppressive activity. Our calculations yield qualitative predictions of the regiospecificities of the hydroxylations and O-dealkylations occurring in these two substrates which are in good agreement with recent experimental results. An analysis of the modeled enzyme-substrate interactions allows us to rationalize the reduced metabolic activity of the larger substrate everolimus compared to sirolimus. Moreover, our simulations suggest that hydrogen donor functionalities close to the metabolic site are important for anchoring the substrate at the active center of the enzyme. In particular, we predict that replacing one hydroxyl group by a fluorine atom should considerably suppress the major metabolic reaction in sirolimus, 39-O-demethylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0446, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Christians
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Benet
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kollman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001665:Binding Sites; D001711:Biotransformation; D002151:Calorimetry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068338:Everolimus; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011789:Quantum Theory; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000068338:Everolimus; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D020123:Sirolimus