title: Successful cognitive-behavioral habituation training toward photophobia in photogenic partial seizures.
abstract: We report on the cognitive-behavioral treatment of a 12-year-old boy with photogenic partial seizures with secondary generalization who had developed phobic avoidant behavior toward all kinds of situations with potential photostimulation, leading to serious impairments of life quality. Based on a behavioral analysis of seizure and anxiety reaction, a habituation training (systematic desensitization procedure) was developed and performed, while maintaining protection against seizures with antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. The treatment was to gradually increase exposure to computer monitor and television screen photostimulation, closely adjusted to the level of subjective distress and tolerance. In addition to exercising control of photogenic input by regulating the monitor control button, rapid relaxation and imagery techniques were taught and applied as countermeasures at the onset of seizure precipitants. The treatment resulted in complete remission of phobic anxieties and responses and may also have facilitated ongoing seizure control after termination of antiepileptic medication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. m.noeker@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noeker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haverkamp
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic / Q000379:methods; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020795:Photophobia / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine