title: Ets1 is a common element in directing transcription of the alpha and beta genes of human protein kinase CK2.
abstract: Protein kinase CK2 is a conserved and vital Ser/Thr phosphotransferase with various links to malignant diseases, occurring as a tetramer composed of two catalytically active (CK2alpha and/or CK2alpha') and two regulatory subunits (CK2beta). There is balanced availability of CK2alpha and CK2beta transcripts in proliferating and differentiating cultured cells. Examination of the human CK2beta gene for transcriptionally active regions by systematic deletions and reporter gene assays indicates strong promoter activity at positions -42 to 14 and 12 to 72 containing transcription start sites 1 and 2 of the gene (positions +1 and 33), respectively, an upstream and a downstream enhancer activity at positions -241 to -168 and 123 to 677, respectively, and silencer activity at positions -241 to -261. Of the various transcription factor binding motifs present in those regions, Ets1 and CAAT-related motifs turned out to be of particular importance, Ets1 for promoter activation and CAAT-related motifs for enhancer activation. In addition, there are contributions by Sp1. Most strikingly, the Ets1 region representing two adjoining consensus motifs also occurs with complete identity in the recently characterized promoter of the CK2alpha gene [Krehan, A., Ansuini, H., Böcher, O., Grein, S., Wirkner, U. & Pyerin, W. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18327-18336], and affects comparably, when assayed in parallel, the promoters of both CK2 genes, both by motif mutations and by Ets1 overexpression. The data strongly support the hypothesis that Ets1 acts as a common regulatory element of the CK2alpha and CK2beta genes involved in directing coordinate transcription and contributing to the balanced availability of transcripts.
authors.affiliation: Biochemische Zellphysiologie (B0200), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krehan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmalzbauer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Böcher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wirkner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pyerin
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C494041:ETS1 protein, human; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D014157:Transcription Factors; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases