title: Deformities of the shoulder in infants younger than 12 months with an obstetric lesion of the brachial plexus.
abstract: We performed a prospective study using MRI in 16 consecutive infants with a mean age of 5.2 months (2.7 to 8.7) who had shown inadequate recovery from an obstetric lesion of the brachial plexus in the first three months of life, in order to identify early secondary deformities of the shoulder. Shoulders were analysed according to a standardised MRI protocol. Measurements were made of the appearance of the glenoid, glenoid version and the position of the humeral head. The appearance of the glenoid on the affected side was normal in only seven shoulders. In the remainder it was convex in seven and bioconcave in three. The degree of subluxation of the humeral head was significantly greater (p = 0.01) in the affected shoulders than in normal shoulders (157 degrees v 170 degrees). The presence of an abnormal appearance of the glenoid, retroversion of the glenoid and subluxation of the humeral head increased with age. There was a statistical difference (p = 0.05) between infants younger than five months and those who were older.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van der Sluijs
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van Ouwerkerk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Gast
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Wuisman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nollet
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Manoliu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000293:injuries; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012782:Shoulder / Q000473:pathology*; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000209:etiology