title: Granzyme B: a marker of risk for influenza in institutionalized older adults.
abstract: Risk for influenza increases with age while cellular immune responses decline. This was a prospective study to determine the relationship between cytokine and granzyme B levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with live influenza virus, and subsequent influenza illness. Granzyme B levels were lower in the group who later developed symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza (n=10) compared to the group who did not (n=90) (ANOVA, P=0.024). In contrast, none of the cytokine levels were related to the development of influenza. Thus, granzyme B is a potential marker of influenza risk in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Glennan Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 201, Norfolk, VA 23507-1912, USA. mcelhaje@evms.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McElhaney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gravenstein
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Upshaw
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hooton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drinka
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bleackley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D053804:Granzymes; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D007326:Institutionalization; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C509213:GZMB protein, human; D053804:Granzymes; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases