title: A connection between stress and development in the multicellular prokaryote Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
abstract: Morphological changes leading to aerial mycelium formation and sporulation in the mycelial bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor rely on establishing distinct patterns of gene expression in separate regions of the colony. sigmaH was identified previously as one of three paralogous sigma factors associated with stress responses in S. coelicolor. Here, we show that sigH and the upstream gene prsH (encoding a putative antisigma factor of sigmaH) form an operon transcribed from two developmentally regulated promoters, sigHp1 and sigHp2. While sigHp1 activity is confined to the early phase of growth, transcription of sigHp2 is dramatically induced at the time of aerial hyphae formation. Localization of sigHp2 activity using a transcriptional fusion to the green fluorescent protein reporter gene (sigHp2-egfp) showed that sigHp2 transcription is spatially restricted to sporulating aerial hyphae in wild-type S. coelicolor. However, analysis of mutants unable to form aerial hyphae (bld mutants) showed that sigHp2 transcription and sigmaH protein levels are dramatically upregulated in a bldD mutant, and that the sigHp2-egfp fusion was expressed ectopically in the substrate mycelium in the bldD background. Finally, a protein possessing sigHp2 promoter-binding activity was purified to homogeneity from crude mycelial extracts of S. coelicolor and shown to be BldD. The BldD binding site in the sigHp2 promoter was defined by DNase I footprinting. These data show that expression of sigmaH is subject to temporal and spatial regulation during colony development, that this tissue-specific regulation is mediated directly by the developmental transcription factor BldD and suggest that stress and developmental programmes may be intimately connected in Streptomyces morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kelemen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Viollier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenor
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marri
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Buttner
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C111306:BldD protein, Streptomyces coelicolor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C120328:SigH protein, bacteria; D012808:Sigma Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D000431:Ethanol; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases