title: Hypophosphataemia: cause of the disturbed metabolism in the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: The clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in obese patients may be attributable to a disturbed metabolism caused by hypophosphataemia. A low serum phosphate (S-P) level may be a limiting factor for glucose metabolism and may account for hyperglycaemia, with an increased risk of NIDDM and hypertension and consequent increased risk of stroke. Low S-HDL levels, known to exist in the metabolic syndrome, as well as high serum triglycerides may also have been the results of phosphate depletion. The hypothesis presents a new serious disturbance which accounts for the dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and the hypertension in metabolic syndrome. The proposed causal relationship between low S-P and the clustering of risk factors is based on results from a cross-sectional study of obese patients, where low S-P was associated with high body mass index (BMI), high blood glucose (B-glu), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but low serum high density lipoprotein (S-HDL) and serum magnesium (S-Mg) levels. Knowledge from experimental and clinical studies on hypophosphataemia and/or phosphate depletion are referred to when discussing the hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Lena.Haglin.US@VLL.SE
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Håglin
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D017674:Hypophosphatemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase