title: An insulator element from the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus suppresses variation in transgene expression in cultured tobacco cells.
abstract: Specialized DNA sequences known as insulators protect genes from both the positive and negative influences of nearby chromatin. Many insulators have been identified in various species; however, few function in multiple species. We have shown that an insulator from the Ars (arylsulfatase) gene of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus functions in plant cells. Normally, expression of an introduced chimeric GUS gene is inactivated in approximately 30% of transformed tobacco BY2 clones. Transgenes containing the Ars insulator, however, were expressed in all transformed tobacco BY2 cells. The insulator did not affect the copy number, the chromosomal position of transgene integration or maximum expression levels. These results suggest that the insulator functions to suppress the variation normally associated with transgene expression in tobacco BY2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinmyo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002678:Chimera; D002875:Chromosomes; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012617:Sea Urchins; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D005966:Glucuronidase