title: Renal elimination of protein S-100beta in pigs with acute encephalopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein S-100beta is an established biochemical marker for cerebral injury in serum. For the further interpretation and possible use of S-100beta serum measurements in acute hepatic encephalopathy, renal elimination of S-100beta was measured in pigs with elevated S-100beta levels due to hepatic encephalopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen female Norwegian Landrace pigs were randomly allocated to either hepatic devascularization (n=13) or sham operation (n=5). Repeated samples from the common carotid artery, right renal vein, and urine were simultaneously drawn for S-100beta analysis, using the Sangtec100 Liamat immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In hepatic devascularized pigs, arterial serum levels of S-100beta increased from 0.96+/-0.04 microg/L (mean +/- SEM) at t = 0h to 1.74+/-0.11 microg/L (mean +/- SEM) at t = 5 h. Urinary excretion increased simultaneously from 8.48+/-3.66 ng/h (mean +/- SEM) to 20.4+/-9.54 ng/h (mean +/- SEM), while renal arterial-venous fluxes for both kidneys increased from 1022+/-404 ng/h (mean +/- SEM) to 2444+/-590 ng/h (mean +/- SEM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased arterial S-100beta levels in pigs with acute hepatic encephalopathy are not a result of decreased renal elimination. The large difference between the renal arterial venous S-100beta concentrations and the urinary excretion of S-100beta indicate that renal metabolism is the major route of elimination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tromsø University Hospital, Norway. larsmy@fagmed.uit.no
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ytrebø
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Nedredal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Korvald
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Holm Nielsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ingebrigtsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aarbakke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Revhaug
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012077:Renal Artery; D012079:Renal Circulation; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins