title: The central MHC gene, BAT1, may encode a protein that down-regulates cytokine production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BAT1 belongs to the DEAD-box family of RNA-binding proteins and is encoded in the central MHC. To determine whether it affects immune responses and hence diseases influenced by MHC haplotypes, U937, THP1 and Jurkat cells were stably transfected with anti-sense DNA corresponding to exons 2-5 of BAT1 using a retroviral vector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-sense transfectants carried anti-sense DNA and expressed anti-sense mRNA. After mitogenic stimulation, they produced higher levels of TNFalpha, IL-1 and IL-6 than equivalent cells carrying the vector alone, suggesting that BAT1 may down-regulate acute phase cytokine production. Polyclonal antibodies raised against a peptide in exon 8 of BAT1 recognized approximately 50 kDa and approximately 38 kDa proteins in all cell lines tested, including the anti-sense transfectants. Expression was localized to the nucleolus in dividing fibroblasts. However the immunochemistry may be confounded by a recently described gene, DDXL, on chromosome 19, which shares a 89% amino acid identity with BAT1. RT-PCR analyses established that BAT1 and DDXL mRNA are expressed in resting U937, THP1 and Jurkat cells. BAT1 and DDXL are divergent in the exons selected for the anti-sense study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAT1 is a negative regulator of inflammation. Future studies should address how its functions relate to those of DDXL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Allcock
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002466:Cell Nucleolus; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D016373:DNA, Antisense; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008024:Ligands; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D020365:RNA Helicases; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D016207:Cytokines; D016373:DNA, Antisense; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C498428:DDX39A protein, human; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D020365:RNA Helicases