title: Mechanisms of acquired thymic tolerance: induction of transplant tolerance by adoptive transfer of in vivo allomhc peptide activated syngeneic T cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our most recent observation that i.v. injection of Wistar-Furth (WF) major histocompatibility complex Class I peptide 5 (P5)-pulsed self-myeloid or lymphoid dendritic cells (DC) induces transplantation tolerance suggests that adoptive transfer of in vivo allopeptide-primed host T cells might induce acquired tolerance through their interaction with thymic DC.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine this hypothesis, host myeloid DC cultured in rat granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin 4 were pulsed in vitro with P5 and injected intravenously into syngeneic ACI rats. The T cells primed to P5 via the indirect pathway of allorecognition were harvested 7 days later and administered by either intravenously or intrathymically into syngeneic ACI recipients of WF cardiac allografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Syngeneic T cells obtained from the spleen of P5-primed rats had a high mixed lymphocyte reaction proliferative response to P5 presented by self-DC. I.v. administration of 2x107 P5-primed alloreactive purified host splenic T cells alone on day -7 significantly (P<0.001) prolonged cardiac allograft survival from 10.5+/-1.0 days to 18.6+/-1.8 days in the WF-to-ACI rat combination. I.v. injection of P5-activated host T cells combined with 0.5 ml antilymphocyte serum (ALS)-transient immunosuppression on day -7 led to 100% donor-specific permanent graft survival (>200 days). Thymectomy before i.v. injection of P5-activated syngeneic T cells led to acute graft rejection, suggesting that the homing of in vivo activated T cells to the host thymus might play a role in the induction of tolerance. To further define the role of the recipient thymus in this model, we examined the effects of intrathymic (i.t.) injection of P5-primed alloreactive T cells on graft survival and found that i.t. administration of the P5-primed T cells on day -7 alone significantly prolonged graft survival (15.0+/-0.7 days) and when combined with 0.5 ml ALS led to donor-specific permanent graft survival. The long-term unresponsive recipients permanently (>100 days) accepted second-set donor-specific cardiac allografts but not third-party (Lewis) grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that the adoptive transfer of splenic T cells primed to an indirectly presented donor peptide induces transplantation tolerance in a transiently immunosuppressed secondary syngeneic recipient. Our data suggest that the interaction of thymic DC with activated peripheral T cells induces alloantigen (Ag)-specific T-cell tolerance by either inactivation or deletion of alloreactive T cells in the thymus. This observation provides the first formal evidence that the interaction between thymic DC and activated peripheral T cells that continuously circulate through the thymus plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of Ag-specific tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrovillo
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Oluwole
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Depaz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gopinathan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engelstad
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Oluwole
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D013934:Thymectomy; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic
chemical_list: D007519:Isoantigens; D010446:Peptide Fragments