title: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and management options for the distal ureter.
abstract: Radical nephroureterectomy, including en bloc excision of the ureter with a bladder cuff, is the standard treatment for upper tract transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC). This procedure requires either a flank and lower abdominal incision or an extended flank incision. Laparoscopic surgery for TCC has been used at several medical centers; the most challenging and controversial aspect is the oncologically correct management of the distal ureter. We believe that the Cleveland Clinic technique of securing the distal bladder cuff intravesically while simultaneously occluding the distal ureter prevents tumor spillage and allows accurate and complete resection of the targeted ureter in a manner mirroring the open procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kaouk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures