title: Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term relations between specific types of dietary fat and risk of type 2 diabetes remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to examine the relations between dietary fat intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed 84204 women aged 34-59 y with no diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer in 1980. Detailed dietary information was assessed at baseline and updated in 1984, 1986, and 1990 by using validated questionnaires. Relative risks of type 2 diabetes were obtained from pooled logistic models adjusted for nondietary and dietary covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 14 y of follow-up, 2507 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. Total fat intake, compared with equivalent energy intake from carbohydrates, was not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; for a 5% increase in total energy from fat, the relative risk (RR) was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.02). Intakes of saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids were also not significantly associated with the risk of diabetes. However, for a 5% increase in energy from polyunsaturated fat, the RR was 0.63 (0.53, 0.76; P < 0.0001) and for a 2% increase in energy from trans fatty acids the RR was 1.39 (1.15, 1.67; P = 0.0006). We estimated that replacing 2% of energy from trans fatty acids isoenergetically with polyunsaturated fat would lead to a 40% lower risk (RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that total fat and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid intakes are not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in women, but that trans fatty acids increase and polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce risk. Substituting nonhydrogenated polyunsaturated fatty acids for trans fatty acids would likely reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes substantially.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D002784:Cholesterol