title: Effects of smoking cessation and nicotine substitution on systemic eicosanoid production in man.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of smoking cessation with and without nicotine substitution on the excretion of major urinary metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha, respectively, as well as on the excretion of leukotriene E4 in man. Urine samples were obtained from 20 healthy non-smoking controls and from 60 healthy smoking volunteers before, and 3, 7 and 14 days after smoking cessation. Fifteen smokers quit smoking without nicotine substitution, 15 used nicotine chewing gum and 30 used nicotine patches as a substitution therapy. Urinary thiocyanate as well as cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine excretions were used as compliance and nicotine substitution indicators. 11-Dehydrothromboxane B2, 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha and leukotriene E4 excretion was about two, three and five times higher in smokers than in controls, respectively. Three days after smoking cessation without nicotine substitution, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha levels were lowered to 75% (P<0.01) and 80% (P<0.05) of the initial values, and after 14 days to 50% (P<0.01) and 60% (P<0.05), respectively. In 3 days leukotriene E4 excretion was dropped to 70% of the initial value (P<0.05), but no further decrease was observed during the study. In individuals using nicotine chewing gum or nicotine patches no significant changes were observed in the analytes during the 2-week follow-up. The increased systemic eicosanoid synthesis observed in smokers may be involved in the harmful cardiovascular effects of smoking. The fact that eicosanoid production remains at pre-cessation level in volunteers who quit smoking but use nicotine substitution may be involved in the risk of cardiovascular complications reported during nicotine replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland. virpi.saareks@uta.fi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saareks
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ylitalo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alanko
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mucha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riutta
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D015777:Eicosanoids; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011145:Polyvinyls; D009538:Nicotine