title: Anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody induces regression of human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite clinical associations and in vitro data suggesting that autocrine interleukin-6 (IL-6) production contributes to prostate cancer progression or chemotherapy resistance, there have been no reports that explore the role of IL-6 on prostate tumors in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effect of IL-6 inhibition on the growth of human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine if autocrine IL-6 production contributes to prostate cancer growth and chemotherapy resistance in vivo, xenografts of a human prostate cancer cell line that produces IL-6 (PC-3) were established in nude mice. The mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups: (1) saline (vehicle control) + murine IgG (isotype control); (2) etoposide + murine IgG; (3) saline + anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody; and (4) etoposide + anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody. Tumors were measured twice weekly during a 4-week treatment period. At the conclusion of the study, all mice were sacrificed, and in addition to final volume, tumors were evaluated for the degree of apoptosis by TUNEL analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-IL-6 Ab (with saline or etoposide) induced tumor apoptosis and regression ( approximately 60% compared to initial tumor size). Etoposide alone did not induce tumor regression or apoptosis in this animal model, and there was no synergy between anti-IL-6 Ab and etoposide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies suggest that IL-6 contributes to prostate cancer growth in vivo, and that targeting IL-6 may contribute to prostate cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015850:Interleukin-6; D005047:Etoposide