title: Pre-exposure with low-dose UVA suppresses lesion development and enhances Th1 response in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.
abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether exposing mice to ultraviolet (UV) radiation would alter the pathogenesis of infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (L. amazonensis) which causes progressive cutaneous disease in susceptible mouse strains. BALB/c mice were irradiated with 10 and 30 J/cm(2) UVA on shaved skin of the back from Dermaray (M-DMR-100) for 4 consecutive days before infection with Leishmania promastigotes. The course of disease was recorded by measuring the size of lesions at various times after infection. Mice groups irradiated with UVA 10 and 30 J/cm(2) showed significantly suppressed lesion development compared with the non-irradiated mice. Light and electron microscopy revealed a few parasites at the site of inoculation in UVA-irradiated subjects. Sandwich enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) examination of sera showed dose dependently upregulated interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-12, and downregulated interleukin (IL)-4 and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in UVA-irradiated as compared with the non-irradiated mice. Positive signals for IFN-gamma mRNA in irradiated mice were obtained by RT-PCR, while non-irradiated mice showed negative results. None of the examined samples showed signal for IL-4 mRNA. The present study disclosed that exposure of mice to different low-doses of UVA irradiation prior to infection may interfere with immunity to L. amazonensis in the murine model. This indicates that the cell-mediated response switch from Th2 to Th1 pattern suppressed the cutaneous lesions of L. amazonensis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. khaskhelis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Khaskhely
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takamiyagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uezato
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kasem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Landires
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D007107:Immune System / Q000528:radiation effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma