Multiplicity and regulation of genes encoding peptide transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two distinct peptide transport mechanisms, one for di-/tripeptides (the PTR system) and another for tetra-/pentapeptides (the OPT system). The PTR system consists of three genes, PTR1, PTR2 and PTR3. The transporter (Ptr2p), encoded by the gene PTR2, is a 12 transmembrane domain (TMD) integral membrane protein that translocates di-/tripeptides. Homologues to Ptr2p have been identified in virtually all organisms examined to date and comprise the PTR family of transport proteins. In S. cerevisiae, the expression of PTR2 is highly regulated at the cellular level by complex interactions of many genes, including PTR1, PTR3, CUP9 and SSY1. Oligopeptides, consisting of four to five amino acids, are transported by the 12-14 TMD integral membrane protein Opt1p. Unlike Ptr2p, distribution of this protein appears limited to fungi and plants, and there appears to be three paralogues in S. cerevisiae. This transporter has an affinity for enkephalin, an endogenous mammalian pentapeptide, as well as for glutathione. Although it is known that OPT1 is normally expressed only during sporulation, to date little is known about the genes and proteins involved in the regulation of OPT1 expression.
Hauser
M
M
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996-0845, USA.
Narita
V
V
Donhardt
A M
AM
Naider
F
F
Becker
J M
JM
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D008025:Ligases; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004745:Enkephalins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C093495:PTR2 protein, S cerevisiae; C106976:PTR3 protein, S cerevisiae; D010455:Peptides; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C066066:UBR1 protein, S cerevisiae; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases; D005978:Glutathione