title: The evaluation of yeast derivatives as adjuvants for the immune response to the Bm86 antigen in cattle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Gavac vaccine against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus has proven its efficacy in a large number of controlled and field experiments. However, this vaccine could be further improved by searching for new alternative adjuvants that would induce a stronger long-lasting immune response. We conducted several experiments to assay the adjuvant effect of fractions of the recombinant yeast Pichia pastoris in mouse and cattle models. In previous experiments, the combination of the yeast membrane with saponin was the most effective formulation in stimulating the humoral immune response in mice, eliciting a response higher than Montanide 888. The response was predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Here, we evaluated the response in cattle and compared the results with that obtained in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bm86 on the membrane of P. pastoris plus saponin produced high antibody titers in cattle, though the protection level against tick infestations was lower when compared to Gavac, probably due to a decrease in the IgG1/IgG2 ratio. The predictive value of the mouse model was studied through correlation analysis between the isotype levels in mice and the efficacy of formulations in cattle. Good correlation was established between the level of antibodies in mice and cattle, and between the amount of anti -Bm86 IgG1 in mice and the degree of protection in cattle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mouse model have the potential to predict immunogenicity and efficacy of formulations in cattle. These results also support the use of the yeast expression system for recombinant vaccine formulations, enabling the prediction of more cost--effective formulations.
authors.affiliation: Mammalian Cell Genetics Division, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, P,O,Box 6162, Havana, Cuba. mrodriguez@cigb.edu.cu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Valle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joglar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Garcia-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D010843:Pichia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012503:Saponins; D013987:Ticks / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; C085065:BM86 protein, Boophilus; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012503:Saponins; D014612:Vaccines