title: Relationship of deep white matter hyperintensities and apolipoprotein E genotype to depressive symptoms in older adults without clinical depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether evidence of cerebrovascular disease in the form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal hyperintensities in white matter was associated with depressive symptoms in a high-functioning group of normal elderly volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two community-dwelling elderly individuals participating in a study of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in normal aging whose apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype had been determined completed the Geriatric Depression Scale and received an MRI scan. Univariate analyses of variance were used to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the location of WMHs (in deep white matter versus in periventricular white matter) and to determine whether WMHs were more likely to be associated with symptoms of impaired motivation and concentration or with mood symptoms. The effect on depressive symptoms of the interaction between severity of cerebrovascular disease as evidenced by WMHs and APOE genotype was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperintensities in the deep white matter, but not in the periventricular white matter, were associated with depressive symptoms, especially symptoms of impaired motivation, concentration, and decision making. The relationship between deep WMHs and depressive symptoms was especially strong in individuals carrying the APOE-4 allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of depressive symptoms associated with WMHs in this study was similar to the pattern described in the literature as characterizing "vascular" depression in older persons with major depression. The results suggest that cerebrovascular disease may also underlie the depressive symptoms often found in older individuals who are not clinically depressed.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Thomas Detre Hall, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. nebesrd@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Nebes
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kamboh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saxton
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: DeKosky
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E