title: The role of different biomarkers (DNA, PCNA, apoptosis and karyotype) in prognostic evaluation of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to clarify the variable behaviour of transitional cell bladder carcinomas (TCBC) with same clinico-pathologic pattern, we investigated the prognostic significance of various biomarkers (PCNA, DNA, apoptosis, karyotype).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 177 superficial TCBC (stage T1) undergoing transurethral resection (TUR). Analysis of biological indicators was performed on serial paraffin sections: DNA by static cytometry, karyotype by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), PCNA and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most salient results are represented by prevalence of diploidy (56%), a mean PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI) of 8.2%, nonrandom trisomies and tetrasomies of chromosome 7, and a high presence of apoptosis (in 72% of cases). These data were not related to histological grading. Multivariate analysis showed that only PCNA-LI is a an independent prognostic marker for patient survival (p = 0.01). Besides, we observed a worse prognosis in the presence of both very high PCNA indices and low or absent apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that tumor prognostic potential in TCBC should be evaluated on the basis of the association between PCNA cell kinetics and cell apoptosis information.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Milan, Via Commenda n. 19, 20122 Milan, Italy. anna.lavezzi@unimi.it
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lavezzi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biondo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazzullo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pallotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turconi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matturri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen