title: Rapid and wide-reaching delivery of HIV-1 env DNA vaccine by intranasal administration.
abstract: Although the potential of DNA vaccination is now beginning to be greatly appreciated, no detailed study of its localization in tissue or its expression kinetics has been reported. In this study, we investigated these issues using HIV-1 DNA plasmids administered either intranasally or intramuscularly. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) plasmids administered intranasally localized in the alveoli, lung, liver, spleen, regional lymph nodes, kidney, fetus, and esophagus. These HIV plasmids were detected 2 to 4 weeks after administration. We detected messenger RNA production of HIV env gene in the lung, liver and spleen, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific proteins were detectable in the lung. These observations may provide important information for understanding the mechanisms of strong immune activation induced by DNA vaccination via the intranasal route. This technology of DNA administration suggests possible practical applications for vaccination and probably for gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Bacteriology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onari
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wahren
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuda
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D015752:Genes, env; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA