title: Synthetic bone graft substitutes.
abstract: Replacement of extensive local bone loss is a significant clinical challenge. There are a variety of techniques available to the surgeon to manage this problem, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. It is well known that there is morbidity associated with harvesting of autogenous bone graft and limitations in the quantity of bone available. Alternatively allografts have been reported to have a significant incidence of postoperative infection and fracture as well as the potential risk of disease transmission. During the past 30 years a variety of synthetic bone graft substitutes has been developed with the aim to minimize these complications. The benefits of synthetic grafts include availability, sterility and reduced morbidity. The present article examines the relevance of synthetic bone graft substitutes, their mechanical properties and clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Modbury Public Hospital, Modbury, Australia.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Bain
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001843:Bone Cements; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D017886:Durapatite; C018392:tricalcium phosphate; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D002133:Calcium Sulfate