title: Provider assessment of adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adherence assessment is an essential component of monitoring HIV antiretroviral therapy. Prior studies suggest that medical providers frequently estimate individual patient adherence inaccurately.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared provider estimates of nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy with unannounced pill counts and structured patient interviews to determine the accuracy of adherence information obtained by providers and patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of three adherence measures in homeless or marginally housed persons receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy (n = 45) and their providers (n = 35).
  
  
  METHODS
  Provider estimate of percentage of pills taken; three successive patient structured reports of number of doses missed in the last 3 days; and three successive unannounced pill counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4%-22%) of patients were not following their regimen as directed. Provider-adherence estimate explained only 26% (95% CI, 6%-47%) of the variation in pill count adherence, whereas patient report explained 72% (95% CI, 52%-96%). The sensitivity and specificity of provider estimates of nonadherence, defined as <80% of pills taken by pill count, were 40% and 85%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of patient interview were 72% and 95%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Provider estimate of adherence was inaccurate whereas structured patient report was more closely related to pill count. Structured assessment over several short intervals may improve accuracy of adherence assessment in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions Center, Division of Infectious Diseases and the Positive Health Program, San Francisco General Hospital/University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) 94110, USA. db@epi-center.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bangsberg
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clague
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Charlebois
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciccarone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chesney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D013607:Tablets / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D013607:Tablets