title: Isolation and characterization of the murine transforming growth factor-beta2 promoter.
abstract: This report describes the isolation and characterization of the 5' flanking region of the murine transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta2) gene. A genomic clone containing the promoter region of the gene was isolated after screening a bacteriophage P1 genomic library. The resulting clone was sequenced and compared to promoters for the human and chicken TGF-beta2 genes. The sequence located near the transcription start site is highly conserved. It includes a TATA box, an E-box, and a largely conserved CRE/ATF site. A series of murine TGF-beta2 promoter/reporter constructs was generated to identify regulatory regions of the gene. As in the case of the human TGF-beta2 gene, sequences just upstream of the TATA box, including the CRE/ATF site, actively stimulate the murine TGF-beta2 promoter. However, unlike the human TGF-beta2 gene, the 5' flanking region of the murine TGF-beta2 gene contains a long alternating purine/pyrimidine repeat that unexpectedly exerts a strong positive effect on its promoter. This is of particular interest since alternating purine/pyrimidine repeats in other promoters have been observed to be inhibitory.
authors.affiliation: Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Desler
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Nowling
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C509041:TGFB2 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D004247:DNA; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase