title: A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease.
abstract: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which is thought to result from the effect of environmental factors in a genetically predisposed host. A gene location in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16, IBD1, that contributes to susceptibility to Crohn's disease has been established through multiple linkage studies, but the specific gene(s) has not been identified. NOD2, a gene that encodes a protein with homology to plant disease resistance gene products is located in the peak region of linkage on chromosome 16 (ref. 7). Here we show, by using the transmission disequilibium test and case-control analysis, that a frameshift mutation caused by a cytosine insertion, 3020insC, which is expected to encode a truncated NOD2 protein, is associated with Crohn's disease. Wild-type NOD2 activates nuclear factor NF-kappaB, making it responsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharides; however, this induction was deficient in mutant NOD2. These results implicate NOD2 in susceptibility to Crohn's disease, and suggest a link between an innate immune response to bacterial components and development of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bonen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nicolae
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karaliuskas
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Duerr
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Achkar
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bayless
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kirschner
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hanauer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D003596:Cytosine; D004247:DNA; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D011506:Proteins; D003596:Cytosine; D004247:DNA