title: Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in ICU patients on continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciprofloxacin 200 mg every 8 h in critically ill patients on continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), one form of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, prospective clinical study in a multidisciplinary, intensive care unit in a university-affiliated tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six critically ill patients with acute renal failure on CVVHDF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timed blood and ultrafiltrate samples were collected to allow pharmacokinetics and clearances to be calculated of initial and subsequent doses of 200 mg intravenous ciprofloxacin. CVVHD was performed with 1 l/h of dialysate and 2 l/h of predilution filtration solution, producing 3 l/h of dialysis effluent. The blood was pumped at 200 ml/min using a Gambro BMM-10 blood pump through a Hospal AN69HF haemofilter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten pharmacokinetic profiles were measured. The CVVHDF displayed a urea clearance of 42 +/- 3 ml/min, and removed ciprofloxacin with a clearance of 37 +/- 7 ml/min. This rate was 2-2.5 greater than previously published for ciprofloxacin in other forms of CRRT. On average the CVVHDF was responsible for clearing a fifth of all ciprofloxacin eliminated (21 +/- 10%). The total body clearance of ciprofloxacin was 12.2 +/- 4.3 l/h. The trough concentration following the initial dose was 0.7 +/- 0.3 mg/l. The area under the plasma concentration time curves over a 24-h period ranged from 21 to 55 mg.h l-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous ciprofloxacin 600 mg/day in critically ill patients using this form of CRRT produced adequate plasma levels for many resistant microbes found in intensive care units.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Mullany
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rickard
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Daley
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D017583:Hemodiafiltration; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D014508:Urea