title: Spot urine uric acid to creatinine ratio used in the estimation of uric acid excretion in primary gout.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uric acid overexcretion in patients with gout is frequently assessed by the measurement of 24 hour urinary uric acid excretion, which is cumbersome with ambulatory patients, and requires accurate timing and complete collection of the specimen. We assessed whether uric acid to creatinine ratio (Uua/Ucr) in spot urine is useful for the estimation of uric acid overexcretion in patients with gout.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty male patients with gout and 33 non-gout male control subjects were studied. Early morning urine and/or a portion of 24 h collected urine (24 h urine) were used as spot urine samples. Uric acid overexcreters were defined as those with a 24 h urinary uric acid excretion > or = 1000 mg/day, while uric acid underexcreters were defined as those with uric acid clearance < 6 ml/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant relationship between 24 h urinary uric acid excretion and early morning urine Uua/Ucr in patients with gout, while no such relationship was observed in controls. No significant difference in Uua/Ucr was observed between patients with gout and controls, or in Uua/Ucr between gout uric acid overexcreters and underexcreters in early morning urine. A significant difference in this value was observed between the 2 groups in the 24 h urine specimens. Although the diagnostic accuracy of gout uric acid overexcretion was 87.2% using early morning urine and 89.6% using 24 h urine, the sensitivity of gout uric acid overexcretion was only 25.0% when using early morning urine and 25.0% when using 24 h urine, when the cutoff value of Uua/Ucr was 0.63 and 0.64, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uua/Ucr using spot urine, especially early morning urine, is not an accurate indicator of uric acid overexcretion in patients with gout.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamakita
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hada
mesh_terms: D002624:Chemistry, Clinical / Q000379:methods*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D004435:Eating; D006073:Gout / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D003404:Creatinine