title: Neutrophil activation and hyperamylasaemia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: potential role for the leukocyte in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperamylasaemia occurs in up to 60% of patients following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and in a small proportion of patients (1-5%) acute pancreatitis may develop. We evaluated the role of the neutrophil in post-ERCP hyperamylasaemia and acute pancreatitis by measuring circulating CD11b adhesion receptor expression--an indicator of leukocyte activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 43 patients undergoing elective ERCP were studied. Peripheral blood measurements of amylase activity and neutrophil CD11b content (by flow cytometry) were made immediately before ERCP (baseline), and at 2 and 24 hours after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERCP induced an increase in amylase level above baseline in 41 of 43 patients. The 2-hour and 24-hour post-ERCP amylase levels were directly related (R = 0.9, P < 0.01). Baseline CD11b receptor status was positively correlated with post-ERCP amylase activity (R = 0.4, P < 0.05), and this relationship was stronger when pancreatography had been performed (R = 0.67, P < 0.01). Three patients (7%) developed clinical acute pancreatitis, with post-ERCP amylase levels persistently elevated above 1000 IU/l. Multiple linear regression identified CD11b expression as the most significant explanatory variable for amylase level after ERCP (multiple R = 0.74, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this pilot study indicate an association between neutrophil activation and hyperamylasaemia following ERCP, and suggest a role for this leukocyte in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Further study of neutrophil characteristics may allow identification of individual susceptibility to ERCP-induced pancreatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK. phooey@hkstar.com
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foulds
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glazer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000681:Amylases; D001663:Bilirubin