title: Retrospective confidence judgements made by adults with traumatic brain injury: relative and absolute accuracy.
abstract: Eighteen adult survivors of moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 18 controls studied and were tested on two lists of noun-pairs, and made item-by-item retrospective confidence judgements (RCJs) of their answers using a Likert scale. For both groups, correlations between RCJ ratings and recall were extremely high, indicating that survivors of TBI were as accurate as non-injured controls when comparing their confidence in one answer to another. However, as groups, survivors of TBI were over-confident and control participants were under-confident, but only when uncertain as to the accuracy of their answer. Recall errors of 'interference' were analysed post-hoc. Survivors of TBI displayed higher confidence in interference errors than in non-interference errors, while control participants did not. These results are discussed within the context of self-monitoring by clinical and non-clinical populations. The importance of both relative and absolute measures of metamemory accuracy is highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders and The Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. kenne047@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011939:Mental Recall; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results