title: Heterogeneic distribution of thymidine phosphorylase between primary tumors and metastatic lesions of human pancreatic ductal carcinoma: implications for the efficacy of chemotherapy with 5-FU or its derivatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that the expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TdRPase) correlates with the malignant potential of various cancers, but its involvement in human invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the pancreas has not been reported. In the present study, the distribution and clinical significance of TdRPase in IDCs and benign diseases of the pancreas were assessed, especially in relation to the efficacy of chemotherapy with 5-FU or its derivatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of TdRPase in 148 specimens of pancreatic IDCs (66 primary lesions, 46 nodal lesions and 36 distant metastases from 126 patients) and in 24 specimens of benign diseases (4 cystadenomas, 3 hyperplasias, and 17 chronic pancreatitises) was examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-TdRPase monoclonal antibody and evaluated in terms of three grades of immunoreactivity: negative 0, low 1, or high 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive TdRPase staining (low and high immunoreactivity) was detected in 71% (47/66) of the primary lesions, in 46% (21/46) of the involved nodes, in 53% (19/36) of various lesions of distant metastasis, and in 37% (9/24) of the benign diseases. The staining intensity was significantly higher in the IDC tissues than in the benign disease tissues, and significantly lower in the metastatic lesions than in the primary lesions. TdRPase reactivity did not correlate with the survival rate in both resectable and unresectable IDCs. In patients with both primary tumor and nodal involvement, however, high TdRPase activity in involved nodes was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. On the other hand, although adjuvant chemotherapy was found to improve the survival of patients, TdRPase activity in the tumor did not show any significant relationship with the efficacy of chemotherapy with 5-FU or its derivatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggested that in pancreatic IDC the activity of TdRPase in primary lesions is different from that in metastatic lesions, and that DNA is synthesized mainly through the salvage pathway in primary lesions and through a de novo pathway in metastatic lesions. This may be one of the reasons for the heterogeneity in chemosensitivity of human pancreatic IDC.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minari
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase; D005472:Fluorouracil