title: Fission yeast homologues of the B' subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: multiple roles in mitotic cell division and functional interaction with calcineurin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase distributed in eukaryotes from yeast to human, and plays pivotal roles in diverse cellular functions such as metabolism, cell cycle progression, gene expression and development. PP2A holoenzyme is a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit C and a regulatory subunit A, or a heterotrimer of C, A and a variable regulatory subunit consisting of three families; B, B', and PR72. Specific functions for each variable subunit are not well understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two fission yeast genes pbp1+ and pbp2+ homologous to the regulatory subunit B' were isolated. Physical in vivo interaction of the gene products with the catalytic subunit was demonstrated. A double disruption haploid mutant (Deltapbp1Deltapbp2) showed growth defect, cell shape and size abnormality, multiseptation and anucleated cell formation due to abnormality in septum positioning. These phenotypes were suppressed by human B' cDNA, indicating the striking conservation of the B' function from yeast to human. Over-expression of fission yeast B' led to growth defects, a loss of cell shape polarity, septal abnormality and anucleated cell formation. Deltapbp1Deltapbp2 and pbp1 null haploids were hypersensitive to calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A and FK506, with which the mutants underwent arrest at post-anaphase and cell lysis. Double disruption of calcineurin and pbp1+, but not pbp2+, genes led to synthetic lethality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fission yeast B' subunit of PP2A plays critical roles in cell shape control and septum formation, and shares essential functions with calcineurin for viability, possibly through their roles in cytokinesis and cell wall integrity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. otanabe@mcai.med.hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000378:metabolism; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D021122:Protein Subunits; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C116076:PBP1 protein, S cerevisiae; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D016572:Cyclosporine; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D019703:Calcineurin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase