title: The use of high-frequency diagnostic ultrasound to investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on skin thickness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous investigations have suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could have a positive effect on the maintenance of skin thickness post-menopause. Previous skin measurement devices have proved variable in their accuracy and ease of use. This investigation assessed the effect of HRT on the skin in a noninvasive way, using high-frequency diagnostic ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross-sectional observational study, carried out at a menopause and gynaecology outpatient's clinic. A total of 84 women (comprising 34 HRT users, 25 post-menopausal controls, and 25 premenopausal controls) took part in the study. Each volunteer was scanned using diagnostic ultrasound on the arm. Skin thickness measurements were made from each scan using computerised image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin thickness was shown to be greater in the HRT group than in the post-menopausal controls (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-frequency diagnostic ultrasound proved to be a useful clinical tool and showed that HRT appears to help maintain skin thickness in menopause.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Guy's Medical School, London, England.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dyson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rymer
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D014463:Ultrasonography