title: Dose-dense and sequential strategies in adjuvant breast cancer therapy.
abstract: Several attempts have been made to improve the survival rates of breast cancer patients. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was clearly shown, but the absolute difference of 2% to 11% in overall survival, depending on the patient group, is disappointingly small. In particular, high-risk patients, such as those with > or = 10 involved lymph nodes, extracapsular spread, or vascular invasion, still have an excessive risk of recurrence even after standard adjuvant chemotherapy. To increase the survival rates after adjuvant therapy, new chemotherapeutic agents and new strategies of application are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar), methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) seems to be safe and effective in patients with breast cancer. In addition, in metastatic patients, dose-intensified chemotherapy is being investigated. The introduction of epirubicin (Ellence), an agent less cardiotoxic and equally active compared to doxorubicin, enabled the escalation of anthracyclines in adjuvant therapy without serious cardiotoxic effects. The combination of dose-intensified chemotherapy and sequential application in the treatment of breast cancer is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Service, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Germany. Untch@gyn.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Untch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Von Koch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crohns
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobotta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahlert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Konecny
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hepp
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents