title: Leptin interacts with heart rate but not sympathetic nerve traffic in healthy male subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Administration of leptin to animals increases sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate. We therefore tested the hypothesis that plasma leptin is linked independently to muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and heart rate in healthy humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured plasma leptin, plasma insulin, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, waist: hip ratio, MSNA, heart rate and blood pressure in 88 healthy individuals (50 men and 38 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, plasma leptin concentration correlated significantly with BMI (r = 0.75, P < 0.001), percent body fat (r = 0.70, P< 0.001), waist: hip ratio (r = 0.69, P < 0.001), insulin (r = 0.37, P = 0.009), and age (r = 0.38, P = 0.006). Only BMI and waist: hip ratio were linked independently to plasma leptin concentration (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). Plasma leptin concentrations also correlated with heart rate (r = 0.39, P = 0.006) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; r = 0.38, P = 0.007), but not with MSNA (r = 0.17, P = 0.24). After adjustment for BMI and waist: hip ratio, plasma leptin concentration correlated significantly only with heart rate (r = 0.29, P = 0.04), and not with MAP (r = 0.21, P = 0.14). Individuals were divided into high-leptin and low-leptin subgroups on the basis of plasma leptin concentrations adjusted for BMI and waist: hip ratio. Those with high leptin concentrations had significantly faster heart rates than those with low leptin. MAP and MSNA were similar in both subgroups. No relationship between leptin and either heart rate or MSNA was evident in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In normal men, heart rate, but not MSNA, is linked to plasma leptin concentration. This sex-specific relationship between heart rate and plasma leptin is independent of plasma insulin, BMI, waist:hip ratio and percentage body fat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narkiewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pesek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winnicki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palatini
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Sivitz
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Somers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin