title: Changes in regional brain glucose metabolism measured with positron emission tomography after paroxetine treatment of major depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression is commonly associated with frontal hypometabolic activity accompanied by hypermetabolism in certain limbic regions. It is unclear whether successful antidepressant treatments reverse these abnormalities or create new resting levels of metabolism. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of successful paroxetine treatment on regional glucose metabolism in patients with major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose was performed on 13 male patients before and after 6 weeks of paroxetine therapy. Resting state scans were also acquired under similar conditions in 24 healthy male subjects for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After successful paroxetine therapy, increased glucose metabolism occurred in dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and medial aspects of the prefrontal cortex (left greater than right), parietal cortex, and dorsal anterior cingulate. Areas of decreased metabolism were noted in both anterior and posterior insular regions (left) as well as right hippocampal and parahippocampal regions. In comparison to metabolism levels in a group of healthy volunteers, the increase in prefrontal metabolic activity represented a normalization of previously reduced metabolic activity, whereas the reduction in pregenual anterior cingulate activity represented a decrease from previously elevated metabolic levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide further support for a dysfunction in cortical-limbic circuitry in depression, which is at least partly reversed after successful paroxetine treatment.
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Site, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada. sidney_kennedy@camh.net
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mayberg
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Arifuzzman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Houle
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors