Type 2 diabetes: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis.
Type 2 diabetes is a major global health problem that affects over 124 million individuals worldwide. In the United States, type 2 diabetes affects 90% of the 15.6 persons with diabetes, of which approximately one half remain undiagnosed. Type 2 diabetes is increasing exponentially especially among minority populations. In addition, type 2 diabetes, which is normally associated with older adults, is becoming more common in children and adolescents. There are a variety of environmental and genetic factors that seem to mediate the development of type 2 diabetes. This article explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and identifies risk factors associated with the development of this disorder.
Quinn
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Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014943:Global Health; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin