title: Tissue characterization and calcification potential of commercial bioprosthetic heart valves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue properties may contribute to intrinsic calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves. Phospholipids have been proposed as potential nucleation sites for calcification. Other tissue properties might also be important in calcification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Commercial and control bioprosthetic valve tissues were characterized by shrinkage temperature, moisture content, free amine content, phospholipid content, and calcification level after 90-day rat subcutaneous implantation as described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shrinkage temperature, moisture content, and free amine content were typical for glutaraldehyde-cross-linked tissues. Phospholipid and calcium levels varied considerably among valve types. There was a significant correlation between phospholipid levels and calcification (r = 0.63, p = 0.04). Sulzer Carbomedics Mitroflow and Toronto SPV valve tissues had significantly more calcification than other commercial bioprostheses in this study (p < 0.01). Carpentier-Edwards Duraflex, CE SAV, and CE PERIMOUNT valve tissues had significantly less calcification than Medtronic Mosaic in this animal model (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Processes that reduce phospholipid levels are associated with reduced calcification in the rat subcutaneous model. Significant differences in calcification level were found among commercially available valves. The clinical significance of these results is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Heart Valve Therapy Research, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California 92614, USA. crystal_cunanan@edwards.com
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cunanan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cabiling
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tran-Hata
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fishbein
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids