title: Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors with diabetes in Chinese patients: the effects of sex and hyperinsulinaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate factors which affect the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors with diabetes in Chinese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and fifty-four patients with diabetes were assessed comprehensively for diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors in a metropolitan hospital in Beijing, China. Insulin resistance and secretion were also evaluated by measurement of glucose and insulin levels before and after a meal tolerance test. Results were analysed according to patient groups stratified by the number of cardiovascular risk factors coexisting with diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiovascular risk factors were common in Chinese diabetic patients. The clustering of three or more of these factors with diabetes occurred more often than by chance alone and was associated with postprandial hyperinsulinaemia. Patients with a high number of risk factors were more prone to macrovascular events but did not have higher albuminuria. Using the commonly adopted lower threshold for diagnosing obesity and central obesity in women, there were more women with multiple risk factors. However, this disappeared if the same criteria were used for men and women. Even in the presence of diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors were inadequately controlled in most patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concurrence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors which constitute the metabolic syndrome is a common phenomenon in urban Chinese diabetic patients. It is associated with hyperinsulinaemia and possibly the female sex. This study emphasises the importance of public health measures to control cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes.
authors: Diabetes Centre, 306 Hospital, Beijing, China. xzhr@public.east.cn.net
authors: Z R
authors: ZR
authors: Xu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Molyneaux
authors: Y Z
authors: YZ
authors: Wang
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Jing
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: McGill
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Yue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin