title: Adenomatous polyposis coli gene promoter hypermethylation in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with survival.
abstract: Methylation of 5' CpG islands in promoter and upstream coding regions has been identified as a mechanism for transcriptional inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypermethylation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene promoter occurs in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and whether hypermethylated APC has any relationship with survival. APC promoter 1A methylation was determined in normal and corresponding tumor tissue from 91 NSCLC patients and in a control group of 10 patients without cancer, using a quantitative fluorogenic real-time PCR (Taqman) system. APC promoter methylation was detectable in 86 (95%) of 91 tumor samples, but also in 80 (88%) of 91 normal samples of NSCLC patients, and in only two (20%) of 10 normal lung tissues of the control group. The median level of APC promoter methylation was 4.75 in tumor compared to 1.57 in normal lung tissue (P<0.001). Patients with low methylation status showed significantly longer survival than did patients with high methylation status (P=0.041). In a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, APC methylation was a significant independent prognostic factor (P=0.044), as were pT (P=0.050) and pN (P<0.001) classifications. This investigation shows that APC gene promoter methylation occurs in the majority of primary NSCLCs. High APC promoter methylation is significantly associated with inferior survival, showing promise as a biomarker of biologically aggressive disease in NSCLC.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA 90033, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Brabender
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Usadel
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: Danenberg
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Metzger
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Schneider
authors: R V
authors: RV
authors: Lord
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Wickramasinghe
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Lum
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Park
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Salonga
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Singer
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Sidransky
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Hölscher
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Meltzer
authors: P V
authors: PV
authors: Danenberg
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017491:Genes, APC; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; C015772:CpG dinucleotide