title: Weight control in the physician's office.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lifestyle changes involving diet, behavior, and physical activity are the cornerstone of successful weight control. Incorporating meal replacements (1-2 per day) into traditional lifestyle interventions may offer an additional strategy for overweight patients in the primary care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirteen overweight premenopausal women (mean +/- SD age, 40.4 +/- 5.5 years; weight, 82 +/- 10 kg; and body mass index, 30 +/- 3 kg/m(2)) participated in a 1-year weight-reduction study consisting of 26 sessions. The women were randomly assigned to 3 different traditional lifestyle-based groups: (1) dietitian-led group intervention (1 hour per session), (2) dietitian-led group intervention incorporating meal replacements (1 hour per session), or (3) primary care office intervention incorporating meal replacements with individual physician and nurse visits (10-15 minutes per visit).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 74 subjects (65%) completing 1 year, the primary care office intervention using meal replacements was as effective as the traditional dietitian-led group intervention not using meal replacements (mean +/- SD weight loss, 4.3% +/- 6.5% vs 4.1% +/- 6.4%, respectively). Comparison of the dietitian-led groups showed that women using meal replacements maintained a significantly greater weight loss (9.1% +/- 8.9% vs 4.1% +/- 6.4%) (P =.03). Analysis across groups showed that weight loss of 5% to 10% was associated with significant (P =.01) reduction in percentage of body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, resting energy expenditure, insulin level, total cholesterol level, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Weight loss of 10% or greater was associated with additional significant (P =.05) improvements in blood pressure and triglyceride level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A traditional lifestyle intervention using meal replacements can be effective for weight control and reduction in risk of chronic disease in the physician's office setting as well as in the dietitian-led group setting.
authors: University of Nevada School of Medicine, Nutrition Education and Research Program, Redfield Building MS 153, Reno, NV 89557, USA. jashley@scs.unr.edu
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Ashley
authors: S T
authors: ST
authors: St Jeor
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Schrage
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Perumean-Chaney
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Gilbertson
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: McCall
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Bovee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D010824:Physicians' Offices; D017697:Premenopause; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL