Advanced biological unit processes for domestic water recycling.
The potential of advanced biological unit operations for the recycling of grey and black waters has been evaluated. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) demonstrated the greatest efficacy towards water recycling in terms of all the quality determinants. Both the biologically aerated filter (BAF) and the MBR were able to effectively treat the organic and physical pollutants in all the types of wastewater tested. The main difference was observed in terms of the microbiological quality, measured as total coliforms. The open bed structure of the BAF enabled passage of coliforms whereas the complete barrier of the MBR produced a non detectable level in the effluent. The MBR process complied with commonly adopted water recycling quality standards for the all determinants during the grey water trials and failed only in terms of total coliform counts once black water had been introduced into the feed. The MBR was seen as a particularly suitable advanced biological process as it was very effective at stabilising out the considerable load variations encountered during the trial.
Jefferson
B
B
School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK.
Laine
A L
AL
Stephenson
T
T
Judd
S J
SJ
D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*