title: Results of expandable metal stents for malignant esophageal obstruction in 100 patients: short-term and long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expandable metal stents palliate malignant dysphagia in most cases, but early complications and outcomes in long-term survivors have not been well described. This report summarizes our experience with expandable metal stents for malignant dysphagia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 48-month period, 127 stents were placed in 100 patients with dysphagia from esophageal cancer (93%) or lung cancer. Most had undergone prior treatment. Dysphagia scores, duration of palliation, complications, and reintervention were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate improvement in dysphagia was observed in 85% of patients with no procedure-related deaths. Dysphagia score decreased from 3.3 before stent to 2.3 (p < 0.005). Average interval to reintervention was 80 days. In 40 patients surviving more than 120 days, 31 (78%) required reintervention. Major complications occurred in 3 patients receiving poststent chemoradiation (tracheoesophageal fistula, T1 vertebral body abscess, mediastinal abscess). Other complications included unsatisfactory deployment requiring immediate removal (3 patients), migration (11 patients), pain requiring removal (2 patients), food impaction (10 patients), and tumor ingrowth (37 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expandable metal stents offer excellent short-term palliation of malignant dysphagia. In long-term survivors, recurrent dysphagia requiring reintervention is common. In a small subset of patients receiving chemoradiation after stent placement, major complications were observed.
authors: Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Christie
authors: P O
authors: PO
authors: Buenaventura
authors: H C
authors: HC
authors: Fernando
authors: N T
authors: NT
authors: Nguyen
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Weigel
authors: P F
authors: PF
authors: Ferson
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Luketich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D020878:Device Removal; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis