title: Application  technique and irrigation method affect imidacloprid control of silverleaf whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on poinsettias.
abstract: Subirrigation systems are increasingly used to water and fertilize greenhouse crops. They also appear to be well suited for the application of systemic pesticides. We conducted two studies to look at interactive effects ofimidacloprid application technique and irrigation method on plant uptake of imidacloprid and whitefly control. Drench applications of imidacloprid resulted in much higher concentrations in the leaves than applications to the bottom of pots after 14 d. However, imidacloprid efficacy in subirrigated plants was better if the imidacloprid was applied to the bottom of the pot than when an equal amount was applied as a drench. In drip-irrigated plants, imidacloprid efficacy was greater after a drench than after an application to the bottom of the pots. A second study showed that drench applications to drip-irrigated plants result in high imidacloprid concentrations in the bottom of the canopy, whereas bottom applications to subirrigated plants result in a more even distribution of imidacloprid throughout the plant. Surprisingly, the high leaf imidacloprid concentrations in the bottom layer of drip-irrigated plants did not result in improved whitefly control. Imidacloprid efficacy was better in subirrigated, bottom-treated plants than in drip-irrigated, drenched plants. Overall, results from these studies indicate that imidacloprid is very effective when applied to the bottom of subirrigated pots.
authors: Department of Horticulture, the University of Georgia, Griffin 30223, USA.
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: van Iersel
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Oetting
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Hall
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000502:physiology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid