title: Costs and effectiveness of staging and treatment options in early-stage Hodgkin's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a cost-effectiveness analysis, to weigh the costs and benefits of the different staging and treatment options in early-stage Hodgkin's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed a decision-analytic model for a hypothetical cohort of 25-year-old patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease. Markov models were used to simulate the lifetime costs and prognosis of each staging and treatment strategy. Baseline probabilities and cost estimates were derived from published studies and bills of relevant patient cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the six management strategies considered, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of laparotomy and tailored treatment compared with mantle and para-aortic-splenic radiation therapy in all clinical stage I-II patients was $24,100/quality-adjusted life year, while that of the strategy of combined modality therapy in all clinical stage I-II patients compared with laparotomy was $61,700/quality-adjusted life year. All the remaining strategies were dominated by one of these three strategies. Sensitivity analysis showed that the cost-effectiveness ratios were driven predominantly by the effectiveness rather than the cost of each strategy. In particular, the analysis was heavily influenced by the utility of the post-laparotomy health state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In considering the various alternative management strategies in early-stage Hodgkin's disease, even very small gains in effectiveness were enough to justify the additional costs of more expensive treatment options.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Ng
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Kuntz
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Mauch
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Weeks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000191:economics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000191:economics; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000191:economics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents