title: The pressure at the lower inflexion point has no relation to airway collapse in surfactant-treated premature lambs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lower inflexion point (LIP) on the inspiratory part of the pressure-volume (PV) loop has been suggested to be related to the pressure at which air spaces collapse. Our hypothesis is that airway collapse might instead be assessed from the upper inflexion point on the expiratory part of the PV-loop (UIPexp), where lung volume starts to decrease significantly. We therefore examined whether there was a relation between LIP and UIPexp in premature surfactant-treated lambs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten lambs, at 119-141 days of gestational age, were delivered by cesarean section and given 200 mg/kg modified natural porcine surfactant before the first breath. The lambs were then connected to a ventilator and PV-loops using airway pressures of 0-35-0 (ZEEP-loop) and 5-35-5 cmH2O (PEEP-loop) were obtained after lung recruitment at 15, 60 and 120 min after birth. From the loops, LIP, UIPexp, upper inflexion point of the inspiratory part of the loop (UIP insp), inspiratory capacity (IC) as well as inspiratory and expiratory maximal compliance of the respiratory system (Crs(insp) and Crs(exp)) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ZEEP-loop showed a substantial hysteresis with a distinct LIP at 19+/-2 cmH2O (mean+/-SD), which was different (P<0.001) from UIPexp (9+/-2 cmH2O). The pressures at LIP and UIPexp were unrelated (r2=0.06). UIPinsp was located at 28+/-2 cmH2O. Crs(insp) was 2.1+/-0.6 ml x cmH2O(-1) x kg(-1), which was lower (P<0.001) than Crs(exp) (2.8+/-0.6 ml x cmH2O(-1) x kg(-1)). IC was 26+/-6 ml/kg. The PEEP-loop had a minimal hysteresis with an expiratory part coinciding with that of the ZEEP-loop.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In surfactant-treated premature lambs the pressures at LIP and UIPexp are not related, showing that LIP does not indicate the pressure at which airways collapse.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ingimarsson
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Björklund
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Larsson
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Werner
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005260:Female; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants