title: Can evidence change the rate of back surgery? A randomized trial of community-based education.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Timely adoption of clinical practice guidelines is more likely to happen when the guidelines are used in combination with adjuvant educational strategies that address social as well as rational influences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To implement the conservative, evidence-based approach to low-back pain recommended in national guidelines, with the anticipated effect of reducing population-based rates of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten communities in western Washington State with annual rates of back surgery above the 1990 national average (158 operations per 100,000 adults).
  
  
  METHODS
  Spine surgeons, primary care physicians, patients who were surgical candidates, and hospital administrators.
  
  
  METHODS
  The five communities randomized to the intervention group received a package of six educational activities tailored to local needs by community planning groups. Surgeon study groups, primary care continuing medical education conferences, administrative consensus processes, videodisc-aided patient decision making, surgical outcomes management, and generalist academic detailing were serially implemented over a 30-month intervention period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quarterly observations of surgical rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After implementation of the intervention, surgery rates declined in the intervention communities but increased slightly in the control communities. The net effect of the intervention is estimated to be a decline of 20.9 operations per 100,000, a relative reduction of 8.9% (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to use scientific evidence to engender voluntary change in back pain practice patterns across entire communities.
authors: University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash., USA. hig@u.washington.edu
authors: H I
authors: HI
authors: Goldberg
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Deyo
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Taylor
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Cheadle
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Conrad
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Loeser
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Heagerty
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Diehr
mesh_terms: D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006740:Hospital Administrators / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014861:Washington