title: Pregnancy following uterine fibroid embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper seeks to evaluate the ability to deliver term pregnancies following uterine fibroid embolization, and to identify impediments to pregnancy in the embolization procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four physicians performed embolization procedures at various facilities. Patients were asked if fertility was an issue prior to embolization. We measured follicle-stimulating hormone levels before and after embolization. Clinical follow-up, six months following embolization was obtained by interview. Patients were questioned regarding attempts to conceive, menstrual history, and subsequent pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complications were calculated upon the entire patient population, whether or not fertility was identified as a goal. Fertility risks from embolization were identified. We measured radiation exposure in a random consecutive group of 50 women undergoing embolization. All patients who conceived were asked the details of the pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred women underwent uterine fibroid embolization between 1996 and 1999. One hundred and thirty nine patients stated a desire for fertility after embolization. Of these, 52 were <40 years old. Seventeen pregnancies have been reported in 14 women. Five spontaneous abortions were observed. Ten women have had normal term deliveries and two women are currently pregnant. No perfusion problems, either during the pregnancy or labor, were reported. The average radiation dosage calculated for 50 women undergoing embolization was 14 rads. Four women under 45 years old suffered premature menopause (10/1000). Two women underwent hysterectomy as a complication of embolization (5/1000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risks of infertility following embolization, premature menopause, and hysterectomy are small, as is the radiation exposure during embolization. These risks compare favorably with those associated with myomectomy. Fertility rates appear similar to patients undergoing myomectomy. No problems, either during pregnancy or delivery, have been observed after embolization. The course of pregnancy and delivery was normal after embolization with no maternal or fetal complications reported. These findings confirm results from other centers. Desire for future pregnancy is not a contraindication to fibroid embolization.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. mclucas@ucla.edu
authors: B
authors: B
authors: McLucas
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Goodwin
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Adler
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rappaport
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Reed
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Perrella
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology*; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*