title: Craniofacial surgical simulation: application of three-dimensional medical imaging and rapid prototyping models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate assessment of the deformity, formulation of good treatment planning, and sufficient rehearsal of procedures before actually performing surgery ensure successful craniofacial surgery. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging and facsimile models were used in combination to evaluate their function in craniofacial surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional imaging and facsimile models were used for reconstruction of craniofacial deformity. CT data were acquired, processed, and reconstructed to display 3-dimensional images. The images were used for evaluation of the deformity. The images were then manipulated to create multiple osseous objects. Surgical simulation was performed by moving the computer images. The image processing and manipulation were achieved using the AnalyzePC program. The raw CT data were transformed into a readable format and transferred to produce facsimile models using rapid prototyping technology. The skull models were used for evaluation and surgical simulation. Both methods were compared and used to assist in surgery, which was performed according to the simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-dimensional CT imaging and facsimile models were helpful for simulation of craniofacial surgery. The actual surgery results were satisfactory without complications. Particular advantages were the unlimited trials with the imaging method, and the feeling of reality with the model method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Craniofacial surgery is facilitated by preoperative simulation of procedures. Both 3-dimensional CT imaging and facsimile models are helpful for craniofacial surgical simulation.
authors: Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Lin
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Lo
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Lee
authors: H F
authors: HF
authors: Wong
authors: Y R
authors: YR
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed