title: Risk factors for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae acquisition in patients in Bangkok.
abstract: To identify risk factors for acquisition of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) in patients in Bangkok, using a case-control study, the study included patients with clinical specimens which grew S. pneumoniae during January to December 1997, treated at a teaching hospital in Bangkok. Penicillin susceptibility was determined by E-test and strains with MIC of > 0.1 microg/ml were considered resistant. Cases were the patients who had PRSP, and patients who had penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP) were controls. The study variables included age 15 years or younger, immunocompromised status, ventilatory support, and antibiotic use or hospitalization within the previous 3 months. There were 73 cases and 51 controls. Their ages were 0 to 87 years, with median age of cases 4 and controls 49 years. Pneumonia was the most common type of infection, being 47% in cases and 45% in controls. Univariate analysis revealed significant association of PRSP acquisition with previous antibiotic use (p<0.0001), age < or = 15 years (p=0.001) and previous hospitalization (p=0.002). Logistic regression analysis in order to adjust for confounding effects showed that the only significant risk factor was previous antibiotic use (OR 18.4; 95% CI 6.2-54.6). The major risk factor for acquisition of PRSP in this study population is recent antibiotic use. Decreased antibiotic use would reduce risk of acquisition of PRSP.
authors: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Dejthevapor
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Vibhagool
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Thakkinstian
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sirinavi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vorachit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology