Geographical distribution of cardiac arrest in Nottinghamshire.
BACKGROUND
to analyse the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Nottinghamshire; to ascertain its geographical distribution; and to determine whether the geography of coronary heart disease mortality and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are the same.


RESULTS
population based, retrospective study in the County of Nottinghamshire with a total population of 993,914 in an area of 2183 km2 divided into 191 electoral areas. In the 4 years from 1 January, 1991 to 31 December, 1994, 1634 patients sustained a cardiac arrest attributed to a cardiac cause (International Classification of Diseases codes 390-414 and 420-429) and were attended by the Nottinghamshire Ambulance Service. The overall crude mean incidence rate of community cardiac arrest per electoral area was 40.2 per 100,000 population (range 0-121.2). Thirteen electoral areas, relatively deprived according to the Townsend score, had a significantly greater than expected incidence rate of cardiac arrest (median of 75.6/100,000 per electoral area; interquartile range (IQR) 65.3, 83.8). Twelve relatively affluent electoral areas had a significantly lower than expected incidence rate (median of 18.5/100,000 per area (IQR 13.0, 28.7). After adjusting for deprivation index, there were no differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and community cardiac arrest in urban and rural electoral areas. Apart from response times by ambulance crews, the events that follow the cardiac arrest such as bystander resuscitation, ventricular fibrillation found as the presenting rhythm and survival were similar in all electoral areas.


CONCLUSIONS
increasing level of deprivation is associated with areas of increased incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Nottinghamshire, and the effect is apparently different from that on CHD mortality. There is scope for reducing incidence rates of community cardiac arrest and to introduce strategies to improve survival in areas identified as having high rates of community cardiac arrest.
Soo
L
L
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK. lin.soo@nottingham.ac.uk
Huff
N
N
Gray
D
D
Hampton
J R
JR
D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000552:Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D002423:Cause of Death; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019371:Topography, Medical; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population