title: Two distinct oscillatory states determined by the NMDA receptor in rat inferior olive.
abstract: 1. The effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and blockade on subthreshold membrane potential oscillations of inferior olivary neurones were studied in brainstem slices from 12- to 21-day-old rats. 2. Dizocilpine (MK-801), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, at 1-45 microM abolished spontaneous subthreshold oscillations, without affecting membrane potential, input resistance, or the low-threshold calcium current, I(T). Ketamine (100 microM), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, and L-689,560 (20 microM), an antagonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, also abolished the oscillations, while the competitive non-NMDA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 20-50 microM) had no effect. 3. NMDA (100 microM) induced 4.1 Hz subthreshold oscillations and reversibly depolarized olivary neurones by 13.7 mV. In contrast, 10 microM alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and 20 microM kainic acid depolarized the membrane equivalently but did not induce oscillations. 4. Both NMDA-induced and spontaneous subthreshold oscillations were unaffected by 1 microM tetrodotoxin and were prevented by substituting extracellular calcium with cobalt. 5. Removing magnesium from the perfusate did not affect spontaneous subthreshold oscillations but did prevent NMDA-induced oscillations. 6. NMDA-induced oscillations were resistant to 50 microM mibefradil, an I(T) blocker, in contrast to spontaneous oscillations. Both oscillations were inhibited by 20 microM nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel antagonist, and 200 nM omega-agatoxin IVA, a P-type calcium channel blocker. Bay K 8644 (10 microM), an L-type Ca(2+) agonist, significantly enhanced the amplitude of both spontaneous and NMDA-induced oscillations. 7. The data indicate that NMDA receptor activation induces olivary neurones to manifest high amplitude membrane potential oscillations in part mediated by L- and P- but not T-type calcium currents. Moreover, the data demonstrate that NMDA receptor currents are necessary for generation of spontaneous subthreshold oscillations in the inferior olive.
authors: Neurological Sciences Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Placantonakis
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Welsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology; D020865:Calcium Channels, P-Type / Q000502:physiology; D004056:Differential Threshold; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009991:Oscillometry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D020865:Calcium Channels, P-Type; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium