title: Amniotic membrane transplantation in the management of shield ulcers of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with amniotic membrane transplantation in the management of severe shield ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients (seven eyes) with grade 2 (ulcer with opaque base) and grade 3 (plaquelike lesions) shield ulcers not responding to steroid therapy with or without surgical debridement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amniotic membrane transplantation with stromal side down was performed after meticulous debridement of the ulcer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healing of the ulcer with no epithelial defect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ulcers healed with disintegration or retraction of the membrane in all patients within 2 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amniotic membrane transplantation in combination with debridement is an effective surgical modality in the management of severe shield ulcers. Further studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation in the management of shield ulcer and its correct position in the treatment algorithm.
authors: Cornea Center, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Sridhar
authors: V S
authors: VS
authors: Sangwan
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Bansal
authors: G N
authors: GN
authors: Rao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000650:Amnion / Q000637:transplantation*; D002648:Child; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003646:Debridement; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome