Prenatal screening and genetics.
Although the term 'genetic screening' has been used for decades, this paper discusses how, in its most precise meaning, genetic screening has not yet been widely introduced. 'Prenatal screening' is often confused with 'genetic screening'. As we show, these terms have different meanings, and we examine definitions of the relevant concepts in order to illustrate this point. The concepts are i) prenatal, ii) genetic screening, iii) screening, scanning and testing, iv) maternal and foetal tests, v) test techniques and vi) genetic conditions. So far, prenatal screening has little connection with precisely defined genetics. There are benefits but also disadvantages in overstating current links between them in the term genetic screening. Policy making and professional and public understandings about screening could be clarified if the distinct meanings of prenatal screening and genetic screening were more precisely observed.
Alderson
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Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London, WC1H ONS, UK. p.alderson@ioe.ac.uk
Aro
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Dragonas
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Ettorre
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Hemminki
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Jalinoja
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Santalahti
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Tymstra
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D000649:Amniocentesis; D015193:Chorionic Villi Sampling; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal