Immunotherapy in patients with systemic mycoses: a promising adjunct.
Evidence from several in vitro and animal model studies suggests a modulatory role of haemopoietic, T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines in host defence against fungi, and highlights their potential utility as adjunctive therapy for management of systemic mycoses (SM). However, there are limited clinical data to support the use of cytokines in prevention and treatment of SM. Thus, at present no adjunctive treatment is justified for routine use in all patients. Potential application of these immunomodulatory agents include the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the management of mycoses in neutropenic patients with myelogenous leukaemia or bone marrow transplantation. Interferon-gamma may have a useful role against aspergillosis in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-elicited white blood cell transfusions may be life saving to patients with refractory SM. Better understanding of synergy between cytokines and specific antifungals may provide powerful tools for managing these serious infections.
Farmaki
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3rd Department of Paediatrics, University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR-546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Roilides
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D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor