title: Early radiographic differentiation of infantile tibia vara from physiologic bowing using the femoral-tibial ratio.
abstract: The authors hypothesized that the ratio of the femoral to tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angles (femoral-tibial ratio [FTR]) more accurately differentiates physiologic bowing from infantile tibial vara than the tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (TMDA). The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine the false-negative and false-positive error rate of the FTR and TMDA; to determine to the effect of rotation on the FTR and TMDA; and to determine the reliability of the FTR and TMDA measurements. An FTR < 1 resulted in a false-negative error rate of 10% and a false-positive error rate of 7%, whereas a TMDA > 13 degrees resulted in a false-negative error rate of 23% and a false-positive error rate of 10%. The difference between internal and external rotation was not significant for the FTR, whereas it was for the TMDA. The FTR was found to have good interobserver and intraobserver reliability (0.78 and 0.98, respectively).
authors: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.A. jmccarthy@shrinenet.org
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: McCarthy
authors: R R
authors: RR
authors: Betz
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kim
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Davids
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D015982:Bias; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013977:Tibia / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors