title: Off-pump reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting by thoracotomy: patient selection and operative technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with contraindications to sternotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) presents a technical challenge. In this study we reviewed patient selection, operative technique, and early results in patients having redo-CABG to the circumflex artery system by a thoracotomy without CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1996 through December 1999, 21 patients with contraindications to conventional redo-CABG had target vessel revascularization off-pump by thoracotomy. A posterolateral thoracotomy approach was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient required sternotomy or CPB. There was no hospital mortality. Postoperative cardiac morbidity included non-Q wave myocardial infarction (5%), need for intraaortic balloon pump support postoperatively (5%), and atrial fibrillation (5%). Two grafts were studied early and two were studied late (more than 6 months later). One venous graft was found to be occluded early. Survival at 2 years was 95%. Ninety percent of surviving patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This approach was associated with no mortality, low morbidity, and favorable early symptomatic improvement. This is the approach of choice in cases of reoperative CABG to the circumflex system when resternotomy or CPB are undesirable, and the culprit coronary vessels are accessible through a thoracotomy.
authors: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Azoury
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Gillinov
authors: B W
authors: BW
authors: Lytle
authors: N G
authors: NG
authors: Smedira
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Sabik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate; D013908:Thoracotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome