title: Induction of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by alpha -phenyl-N-tert-butylnitron through activation of protein kinase C and the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
abstract: The spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitron (PBN) is widely used for studies of the biological effects of free radicals. We previously reported the protective effects of PBN against ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbil hippocampus by its activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and suppression of both stress-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In the present study, we found that PBN induced neurite outgrowth accompanied by ERK activation in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of neurite outgrowth was inhibited significantly not only by transient transfection of PC12 cells with dominant negative Ras, but also by treatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059. The activation of receptor tyrosine kinase TrkA was not involved in PBN-induced neurite outgrowth. A protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X, was found to inhibit neurite outgrowth. The activation of PKCepsilon was observed after PBN stimulation. PBN-induced neurite outgrowth and ERK activation were counteracted by the thiol-based antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. From these results, it was concluded that PBN induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through activation of the Ras-ERK pathway and PKC.
authors: Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tsuji
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Inanami
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kuwabara
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014162:Transfection; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007211:Indoles; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008301:Maleimides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; C029217:phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000111:Acetylcysteine; D000077191:Wortmannin