Individual differences and the use of nonspecifying variables in learning to perceive distance and size: comments on McConnell, Muchisky, and Bingham (1998).
McConnell, Muchisky, and Bingham (1998) showed that observers are able to judge the distance and size of falling, rolling, and swinging balls and that performance improves after practice with feedback. They concluded that observers use information that specifies the spatial scales of the different event types--namely, event duration in combination with event-specific constants. The improvement was interpreted as the calibration of the event-specific constants. We argue that their analyses should have considered the use of optical variables that do not specify the to-be-perceived metrics and individual differences in variable use. Furthermore, we propose convergence on the more useful variables as an alternative explanation for the observed improvement. The viability of these arguments is demonstrated with an experiment in which participants are trained with feedback to judge the distance and size of freely falling balls.
Jacobs
D M
DM
Faculty of Human Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d_jacobs@fbw.vu.nl
Michaels
C F
CF
D004215:Distance Perception; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D011939:Mental Recall; D009039:Motion Perception; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011601:Psychophysics; D012858:Size Perception