title: Association of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor with disease progression and prognosis in ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, have been shown to be related to poor prognosis in a variety of malignant solid tumors. Studies on the prognostic relevance of uPA and PAI-1 in ovarian cancer, however, have been inconclusive. The current study tests the hypothesis that elevated expression of uPA and PAI-1 is associated with prognosis and disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  uPA and PAI-1 were prospectively measured by quantitative ELISA in tumor samples from 103 ovarian cancer patients (82 primary invasive epithelial carcinomas, 9 low malignant potential tumors, and 12 recurrent ovarian carcinomas).
  
  
  RESULTS
  uPA but not PAI-1 levels were consistently associated with malignant progression, with levels increased from low malignant potential tumors to primary tumors (uPA, P = 0.04; PAI-1, P = 0.019), from early to advanced disease stages (uPA, P = 0.014; PAI-1, P = 0.23), and from primary to intra-abdominal metastatic tumors (uPA, P = 0.001; PAI-1, P = 0.16). High uPA and PAI-1 levels were associated with residual tumor volumes of >1 cm (P = 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively). Among invasive International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetrician stages I-IV tumors, elevated levels of uPA (>5.5 ng/mg) and PAI-I (>18.8 ng/ml) were associated with a shortened progression-free survival (uPA, P = 0.003; PAI-1, P = 0.039) and overall survival (uPA, P = 0.0002; PAI-1, P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, uPA retained prognostic independence for progression-free survival (P = 0.037) and overall survival (P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the uPA/PAI-1 axis may play an important role in the intra-abdominal spread and reimplantation of ovarian cancer cells. The prognostic relevance of uPA and PAI-1 supports their possible role in the malignant progression of ovarian cancer.
authors: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1678, USA. gkonecny@ucla.edu
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Konecny
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Untch
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pihan
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kimmig
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gropp
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Stieber
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hepp
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Slamon
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pegram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator