title: Low bone mineral density in hormone-naïve men with prostate carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low bone mineral density in men with prostate carcinoma and no history of androgen-deprivation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a cross-sectional study in 41 hormone-naïve men with locally advanced, lymph node positive, or recurrent prostate carcinoma and no radiographic evidence of bone metastases. Bone mineral density of the total hip, posterior-anterior (PA) lumbar spine, and lateral lumbar spine was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a densitometer. Trabecular bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Bone mineral density results were expressed in standard deviation units relative to young adult men (T score) and relative to age-matched men (Z score).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen of 41 men (34%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 20-51%) had T scores < -1.0 at one or more skeletal sites by DXA, 12 of 41 men (29%; 95% CI, 16-42%) had T scores between -1.0 and -2.5, and 2 of 41 men (5%; 95% CI, 1-17%) had T scores < -2.5. Thirty-nine of 41 men (95%; 95% CI, 83-99%) had T scores < -1.0 by QCT, 13 of 41 men (31%; 95% CI 18-48%) had T scores between -1.0 and -2.5, and 26 of 41 men (63%; 95% CI, 47-78%) had T scores < -2.5. T scores for trabecular bone mineral density of the lumbar spine were significantly lower than T scores for either the total hip (P < 0.001) or the PA lumbar spine (P < 0.001). The mean Z score for trabecular bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was -0.7 +/- 0.9. Hypogonadism, hypovitaminosis D, and dietary calcium intakes below the Recommended Daily Allowance were observed in 20%, and 17%, and 59% of study participants, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many hormone-naïve men with prostate carcinoma have low bone mineral density. QCT is a more sensitive method than DXA for diagnosing low bone mineral density in this patient population. Trabecular bone mineral density is lower than expected for age and risk factors for osteoporosis are common.
authors: Hematology-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. smith.matthew@mgh.harvard.edu
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Smith
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: McGovern
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Fallon
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Schoenfeld
authors: P W
authors: PW
authors: Kantoff
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary