title: Inferior alveolar nerve block by injection into the pterygomandibular space anterior to the mandibular foramen: radiographic study of local anesthetic spread in the pterygomandibular space.
abstract: We studied the spread of local anesthetic solution in the inferior alveolar nerve block by the injection of local anesthetic solution into the pterygomandibular space anterior to the mandibular foramen (anterior technique). Seventeen volunteers were injected with 1.8 mL of a mixture containing lidocaine and contrast medium utilizing the anterior technique. The course of spread was traced by fluoroscopy in the sagittal plane, and the distribution area was evaluated by lateral cephalograms and horizontal computed tomography. The results indicate that the contrast medium mixture spreads rapidly in the pterygomandibular space to the inferior alveolar nerve in the subjects who exhibited inferior alveolar nerve block effect. We concluded that the anesthetic effect due to the anterior technique was produced by the rapid distribution of anesthetic solution in the pterygomandibular space toward the mandibular foramen, and individual differences in the time of onset of analgesia may be due to differences in the histologic perineural tissues.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Dental University, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, 2-3-16 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan. takasugi@tokyo.ndu.ac.jp
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Okamoto
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Takasugi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Moriya
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Furuya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000294:innervation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008046:Lip / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000294:innervation; D009339:Needles; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013594:Syringes; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003287:Contrast Media; D008012:Lidocaine