G-protein-coupled receptors and signaling networks: emerging paradigms.
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of cell-surface molecules involved in signal transmission. These receptors play key physiological roles and their dysfunction results in several diseases. Recently, it has been shown that many of the cellular responses mediated by GPCRs do not involve the sole stimulation of conventional second-messenger-generating systems, but instead result from the functional integration of an intricate network of intracellular signaling pathways. Effectors for GPCRs that are independent of G proteins have now also been identified, thus changing the conventional view of the GPCR-heterotrimeric-G-protein-associated effector. The emerging information is expected to help elucidate the most basic mechanism by which these receptors exert their numerous physiological roles, in addition to determining why the perturbation of their function results in many pathological conditions.
Marinissen
M J
MJ
Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIH, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 211, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA. mmarinissen@dir.nidcr.nih.gov
Gutkind
J S
JS
D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000502:physiology; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000502:physiology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs