title: Does type II nitric oxide synthase expression correlate with cellular proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated both in tumor progression and inhibition. This study investigated whether type II nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression correlated with cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded tissue samples of normal oral mucosa, OSCC, and dysplasia were assessed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to NOS2 and Ki-67 antigen. We used Western blotting to confirm NOS2 antibody specificity and protein expression in select cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NOS2 staining was increased in OSCC relative to normal oral mucosa, in which no expression was found. Both NOS2 expression and Ki-67 indices independently correlated with grade of dysplasia (p < .001) but not with the degree of tumor differentiation. A positive correlation was found between NOS2 expression and Ki-67 in cases of mild and moderate dysplasia (p < .001), but not in severe dysplasia and OSCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No correlation exists between Ki-67 and NOS2 expression in severe dysplasia and OSCC. The findings suggest that the level of NO produced by NOS2 is insufficient to affect cellular proliferation in these conditions. The mechanism of NOS2 activation and the consequences of its expression remain to be fully explained.
authors: Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom. NOS2@btinternet.com
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Brennan
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Palacios-Callender
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Zaki
authors: A V
authors: AV
authors: Spedding
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Langdon
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase