title: The epidemiology of pediatric traumatic brain injury in Minnesota.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the epidemiology of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a midwestern state and to examine differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged 0-19 years sustaining TBI in 1993 that resulted in hospitalization or death.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence, mortality and case-fatality rates, length of hospital stay, discharge status, and Glasgow Outcome Scale score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred seventy-seven patients met inclusion criteria. Incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rates were 73.5 per 100 000, 9.3 per 100 000, and 12.8 per 100, respectively. Higher median household incomes and percentages of adult high-school graduates in a patient's census block group correlated with lower incidence. Median length of stay was 2 days. Of those included in the study, 720 patients (74%) were discharged home with self-care. Three hundred fifty-seven patients met criteria for severe TBI; 346 (97%) were assigned Glasgow Outcome Scale scores, of which 161 (47%) had disabilities or died. Severe TBI was associated with nonmetropolitan residence, higher median household income, and certain injury mechanisms. Incidence was similar for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan residents. Median head-region Abbreviated Injury Score, Injury Severity Score, and mortality and case-fatality rates were higher for nonmetropolitan residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports the lowest incidence of pediatric TBI that results in death or hospitalization to date. One half of severely injured patients suffered poor outcomes. A greater proportion of nonmetropolitan than metropolitan residents suffered severe TBI and had higher mortality and case-fatality rates.
authors: Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospitals and Clinics, 345 N Smith Ave, St Paul, MN 55102, USA. krinandsam@aol.com
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Reid
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Roesler
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Gaichas
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007182:Income; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013383:Suburban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data