title: An optimized methodology for combined phenotyping and genotyping on CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.
abstract: A method for simultaneous phenotyping and genotyping for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 was tested. Six healthy volunteers were selected (three extensive and three poor metabolisers for CYP2D6). CYP2D6 was probed with dextromethorphan and metoprolol and CYP2C19 was probed with omeprazole. Blood samples were collected and analysed for dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, metoprolol, alpha-hydroxymetoprol, omeprazole and 5-hydroxyomeprazole by HPLC. Genotyping was performed for both CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. Generally, plasma levels could be measured up to 8 h post-dose except for alpha-hydroxymetoprolol in poor metabolizers (PMs) and dextromethorphan in extensive metabolizers (EMs) (35% below quantification limit). The correlation between the metabolic ratio based on timed individual measurements and the metabolic ratio based on the AUC0-12 values was significant at 3 h post-dose for all probes. In conclusion, the following procedure is suggested: administer metoprolol (100 mg) and omeprazole (40 mg); after 3 h, take a blood sample to assess the genotype and the metabolic ratio for CYP2D6 (metoprolol over alpha-hydroxymetoprolol) and CYP2C19 (omeprazole over 5-hydroxyomeprazole) in plasma. With this procedure, all necessary information on the individual CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 metabolising capacity can be obtained in a practical, single-sample approach.
authors: Pharma Bio-Research Group BV, Science Park, NL-9471 GP Zuidlaren, The Netherlands. WTamminga@PBR.NL
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Tamminga
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wemer
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Oosterhuis
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Brakenhoff
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Gerrits
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: de Zeeuw
authors: L F
authors: LF
authors: de Leij
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Jonkman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000097:blood; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D003915:Dextromethorphan; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D008790:Metoprolol; D009853:Omeprazole