title: Trends in bloodstream infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults admitted to a hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, during the last decade.
abstract: Bloodstream infections are a frequent complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults in Africa and usually associated with a poor prognosis. We evaluated bloodstream infections across a decade in 3 prospective cross-sectional surveys of consecutive medical admissions to the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Participants received standard clinical care throughout. In 1988-1989, 29.5% (28 of 95) of HIV-positive patients had bloodstream infections, compared with 31.9% (46 of 144) in 1992 and 21.3% (43 of 197) in 1997. Bacteremia and mycobacteremia were significantly associated with HIV infection. Infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-typhi species of Salmonella (NTS), and Streptococcus pneumoniae predominated. Fungemia exclusively due to Cryptococcus neoformans was uncommon. Clinical features at presentation remained similar. Significant improvements in the survival rate were recorded among patients with NTS bacteremia (20%-83%; P<.01) and mycobacteremia (0%-73%; P<.01). Standard clinical management can improve outcomes in resource-poor settings.
authors: Kenya Medical Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Arthur
authors: V N
authors: VN
authors: Nduba
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Kariuki
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kimari
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Bhatt
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Gilks
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010343:Patient Admission; D011446:Prospective Studies