title: Lay therapy intervention with families at risk for parenting difficulties: The Kempe Community Caring Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which areas of family functioning lay therapy intervention can improve in a home visitation program for first time mothers at high risk for parenting difficulties, including the potential for child abuse and neglect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Families were assessed for risk of parenting difficulties using the Parent Readiness and Risk Assessment Checklists. Lay therapists completed the Scale of Family Functioning pre- and postintervention with 108 high risk families for whom they provided support, education, and referrals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paired t tests were done to determine whether the eight categories of the Scale of Family Functioning improved from baseline to termination of the service. Four categories showed statistically significant improvement: social support (p = .001), self-esteem (p < .001), confidence as a parent (p < .001), and affective relationships (p = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistically significant improvement occurred in four of the eight categories on the Scale of Family Functioning indicating that home intervention programs can improve some categories of family functioning. Longer intervention and an increased focus on improving parent/infant interactions may be able to increase parental sensitivity and expectations. In this study, the categories of family conflict and stability/meeting basic needs were not amenable to change with lay therapy intervention.
authors: The Kempe Children's Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80218, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gray
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Spurway
authors: M
authors: M
authors: McClatchey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support