title: Distribution of topical medication in the human vagina as imaged by magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the varying distribution of a vaginally placed gel over time and with different levels of patient activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectives interventional trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One nulliparous volunteer with normal menstrual cycles and no gynecologic disease who underwent seven MRI scans of the pelvis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five mL of a commercially available topical spermicide was mixed with gadolinium-chelate magnetic resonance contrast material and introduced with a standard applicator. T1-weighted three-dimensional MRI was done to assess the distribution of the gel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gel thickness and distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial bolus of gel was delivered into the upper portion of the vagina, above the urogenital diaphragm. Thereafter, it spread into the vaginal fornices and "flattened" to cover the lateral aspects of the vagina. Without ambulation, the majority of spread was confined to the upper vagina. With ambulation and longer elapsed time, the gel spread further in the upper vagina and into the lower vagina, and significant vaginal surface coverage increased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to monitor the spread of vaginally placed products and to evaluate coverage of topical drugs used for prevention and treatment, including those used for HIV prophylaxis.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. kbarnhart@mail.obgyn.upenn.edu
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Barnhart
authors: E S
authors: ES
authors: Pretorius
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Stolpen
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Malamud
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism*; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents