title: Functional magnetic resonance imaging of mental strategy in a simulated aviation performance task.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to analyze the sensory and cognitive functions associated with activated brain regions characterizing mental strategy relative to degree of expertise in aviation-related tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to examine brain activity in expert pilots (n = 6) compared with novice pilots (n = 6) during performance of a simulated aviation track-following task at 200 knots vs. 100 knots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expert pilots showed reduced activity in visual and motor regions that contrasted with predominant activation within anterior structures including the frontal and prefrontal cortices; structures involved in visual working memory, planning, selective attention and decision making functions. Novice pilots showed widespread activation of anterior and posterior brain structures, with a rise in activity in the visual, parietal and motor cortices as task difficulty increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high level of performance in the track-following task related to a high degree of expertise in the aviation field. This corresponded to experts performing perceptual and mnemonic processing through a network of specialized functions from visual through multiple prefrontal areas. By contrast, the novice pilots predominantly show activity associated with non-specific perceptual processing and without subsequent representation of selective information in working memory.
authors: Institut de Médecine Aérospatiale du Service de Santé des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France. mperes@imassa.fr
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pérès
authors: P F
authors: PF
authors: Van De Moortele
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pierard
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lehericy
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Satabin
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Le Bihan
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Guezennec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001359:Aviation; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D011361:Professional Competence; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis