title: Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB is a key event in brain tolerance.
abstract: The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) is an ubiquitously expressed inducible regulator of a broad range of genes and plays a pivotal role in cell death and survival pathways. Three models of brain tolerance (ischemic, epileptic, and polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced preconditioning), known to confer resistance to neurons against ischemia or status epilepticus, were used to determine whether NFkappaB mediated the late preconditioning. A sublethal 3 min ischemia, a dose of 5 mg/kg kainic acid (KA5) or 500 nmol of linolenic acid (LIN500) led to a rapid increase of NFkappaB DNA-binding activity and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of NFkappaB in neurons. Pretreatment with the NFkappaB inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate or kappaB decoy DNA blocked the increased DNA-binding activity and the nuclear translocation of NFkappaB and abolished the neuroprotective effects of different delayed preconditionings against severe ischemia or epilepsy. The inhibition of NFkappaB observed in rats preconditioned with 3 min ischemia, KA5 or LIN500 treatments compared with ischemic or epileptic controls was correlated with the prevention of the inducible degradation of the inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha. Preconditioning probably inhibits the activation of NFkappaB by interfering with a pathway that leads to the direct transcriptional activation of IkappaBalpha by NFkappaB itself. The present work provides evidence that activation of NFkappaB is a crucial step in the signal transduction pathway that underlies the development of brain tolerance and may open new strategies in the prevention of cerebral diseases, such as ischemia or epilepsy.
authors: Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6097, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Blondeau
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Widmann
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lazdunski
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Heurteaux
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000494:pharmacology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D021122:Protein Subunits; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D004247:DNA; D004050:Ditiocarb; D007608:Kainic Acid