Phylogeny of multidrug transporters.
We currently recognize five large ubiquitous superfamilies and one small eukaryotic-specific family in which cellular multidrug efflux pumps occur. One, the ABC superfamily, includes members that use ATP hydrolysis to drive drug efflux, but the MFS, RND, MATE and DMT superfamilies include members that are secondary carriers, functioning by drug:H(+)or drug:Na(+)antiport mechanisms. The small MET family seems to be restricted to endosomal membranes of eukaryotes, and only a single such system has been functionally characterized. In this review article, these families of drug transporters are discussed and evaluated from phylogenetic standpoints.
Saier
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MH
Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA. msaier@ucsd.edu
Paulsen
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IT
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D002352:Carrier Proteins