Are mast cells MASTers in HIV-1 infection?
HIV-1 gp120 interacts with IgE V(H)3(+) on the surface of human basophils and mast cells (Fc epsilon RI(+) cells), acting as a viral immunoglobulin superantigen. gp120 from different clades induces mediator release from Fc epsilon RI(+) cells. gp120 also induces IL-4 and IL-13 synthesis in human basophils. The chemokine receptors CCR3 and CXCR4, which are coreceptors of HIV-1 infection, are expressed by human Fc epsilon RI(+) cells. HIV-1 Tat protein is a potent chemoattractant for basophils and lung mast cells, interacting with CCR3. Incubation of basophils with Tat protein upregulates the surface expression of the CCR3 receptor. There is evidence that human Fc epsilon RI(+) cells could be infected in vitro by M-tropic HIV-1 strains.
Marone
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G
Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. marone@unina.it
de Paulis
A
A
Florio
G
G
Petraroli
A
A
Rossi
F W
FW
Triggiani
M
M
D001491:Basophils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D002633:Chemotaxis; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000502:physiology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
C515350:CCR3 protein, human; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D018793:Interleukin-13; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D018089:Superantigens; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E