title: Use of an automated device for alternative site blood glucose monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy, comfort, and ease of use of a new automated device for blood glucose monitoring using the arm as an alternative sampling site.
  
  
  METHODS
  These studies use an automated hand-held device that applies a small vacuum, lances the skin, transfers blood onto an electrochemical test strip, and measures glucose. Patients who had type 1 or type 2 diabetes and had received no prior training using this device were recruited from five diabetes clinics. Testing was performed by the patients using this device and by trained healthcare professionals. Blood glucose was measured by 354 patients: from the arm using the device, from the finger using a laboratory reference instrument, and from the finger using the device via the secondary test port. Each patient completed a questionnaire rating the level of pain and ease of use of the device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood glucose results in samples obtained from the arm with the automated device agreed well with finger-stick plasma glucose results using a reference instrument (regression slope 0.98, intercept 0.01 mmol/l [0.1 mg/dl], r = 0.96). Error grid analysis showed that 100% of the measurements fell within zones A and B. In the survey, 60% of the patients reported that arm testing with the automated device was "painless;" another 31% of the patients stated that it was "much less painful," and 6% of patients considered using the device "less painful" than finger-stick testing. In a survey containing 15 questions for rating the ease of use with a scale of 1 to 6, the overall mean rating was 5.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The automated device is easy to use and provides accurate glucose results; 97% of the patients found it less painful than finger-stick testing.
authors: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. efineber@iupui.edu
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Fineberg
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Bergenstal
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Bernstein
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Laffel
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001331:Automation; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity