title: Potential problems with fluorescein diacetate assays of cell viability when testing natural products for antimicrobial activity.
abstract: There are two potential problems in the use of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as a measure of cell viability. The first is the hydrolysis of FDA to fluorescein in the absence of live cells and the second is the quenching of fluorescence by assay solutions. We show that common media components such as tryptone, peptone and yeast extract all promote hydrolysis of FDA in the absence of live cells, as do Tris-HCl and sodium phosphate buffers. As a consequence, various microbiological media promote hydrolysis of FDA in the absence of live cells. Different media were also shown to reduce the amount of visible fluorescence of fluorescein. Diluting the medium decreases the background hydrolysis of FDA as well as increases the amount of visible fluorescence. Both problems should be considered when using FDA as an indicator of cell viability when testing natural products for antimicrobial activity.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Commonwealth Key Centre for Biodiversity and Bioresources, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, North Ryde, Australia. jclarke@rna.bio.mq.edu.au
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Clarke
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Gillings
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Altavilla
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Beattie
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005470:Fluorometry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D005452:Fluoresceins; C018506:diacetylfluorescein