title: Renal artery embolization with diluted hot contrast medium: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of diluted hot contrast medium to embolize the renal arteries in a canine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcatheter embolization was performed in 15 dogs (five dogs in each phase: I, II, and control). The diluted hot contrast medium was heated to 90 degrees C--100 degrees C and 30--60 mL were injected into a renal artery of each dog in phase I (optimization studies) and II (efficacy studies). In the control group, balloon inflation was performed without injection of diluted hot contrast medium. The temperature measurement was performed on one dog in phase I by temperature probe. Follow-up angiography was performed immediately (n = 15), at 1 week (n = 9), at 1 month (n = 9), and after 3 months (n = 5). All dogs were killed and kidneys were removed for histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was performed successfully in all dogs. Follow-up angiography showed complete obstruction of the injected renal arteries in phases I and II. The microscopic findings showed acute full-thickness necrosis of the renal cortex and renal artery in phase I, and complete coagulative necrosis of the cortex, medulla, and intrarenal blood vessels in phase II. There were no histologic changes of renal veins, inferior vena cava (IVC), and aorta. There were nonspecific findings in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary experimental study suggests that diluted hot contrast medium may be a safe agent for renal ablation without thrombus formation in the renal vein or IVC.
authors: Department of Radiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Korea. ymhan@moak.chonbuk.ac.kr
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Bjarnason
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Gu
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kong
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Urness
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gunter
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Amplatz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media