Magnetic resonance microscopy at 17.6-Tesla on chicken embryos in vitro.
The non-destructive nature and the rapid acquisition of a three-dimensional image makes magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) very attractive and suitable for functional imaging investigations. We explored the use of an ultra high magnetic field for MRM to increase image quality per image acquisition time. Improved image quality was characterized by a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), better image contrast, and higher resolution compared to images obtained at lower magnetic field strengths. Fixed chicken embryos at several stages of development were imaged at 7.0-T (300 MHz) and at 17.6-T (750 MHz). Maximum intensity projection resulted in three-dimensional vascular images with ample detail of the embryonic vasculature. We showed that at 750 MHz frequency, an image with approximately three times better SNR can be obtained by T1-weighting using a standard gadolinium contrast agent, compared to the same measurement at 300 MHz. The image contrast improved by around 20 percent and the contrast-to-noise ratio improved by almost a factor of 3.5. Smaller blood vessels of the vascular system were identified at the high field, which indicates a better image resolution. Thus, ultra high field is beneficial for MRM and opens new areas for functional imaging research, in particular when SNR, resolution, and contrast are limited by acquisition time.
Hogers
B
B
Department of Anatomy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Gross
D
D
Lehmann
V
V
de Groot
H J
HJ
de Roos
A
A
Gittenberger-de Groot
A C
AC
Poelmann
R E
RE
D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000196:embryology; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D007089:Image Enhancement; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012016:Reference Values; D014680:Veins / Q000196:embryology