title: Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping were carried out on sera from 196 HBsAg-positive patients, including 151 refugees entering the United States and 45 injection drug users in Seattle. HBsAg subtyping was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the HBV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by detection of amplified HBV DNA by a reverse-phase hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) using genotype-specific probes. HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 155 (79%) of the 196 sera and all 155 were genotyped by LiPA. Samples from Southeast Asia were predominantly genotype B/subtype ayw1 and genotype C/adr; samples from the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe were mostly genotype D/ayw2 and genotype D/ayw3; samples from east Africa were mainly genotype A/adw2 and genotype D/ayw2; and samples from injection drug users were mostly genotype D/ayw3 and genotype A/adw2. Some strains of ayw3 gave atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns in the subtyping assay due to a Val/Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 118 and a Thr instead of a Met at residue 125. A strain of ayw2 also gave an atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity pattern due to an Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 123. LiPA genotyping and monoclonal EIA subtyping can provide useful information for epidemiological studies.
authors: Seattle & King County Public Health Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98104-2499, USA. paul.swenson@metrokc.gov
authors: P D
authors: PD
authors: Swenson
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Van Geyt
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Alexander
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hagan
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Freitag-Koontz
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Wilson
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Norder
authors: L O
authors: LO
authors: Magnius
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Stuyver
mesh_terms: D000351:Africa, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D001483:Base Sequence; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D005838:Genotype; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015205:Northwestern United States; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012036:Refugees; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000821:virology*; D014586:USSR / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic