title: A novel technique to demonstrate disturbed appetite profiles in haemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malnutrition is common among dialysis patients and is associated with an adverse outcome. One cause of this is a persistent reduction in nutrient intake, suggesting an abnormality of appetite regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a novel technique to describe the appetite profile in 46 haemodialysis (HD) patients and 40 healthy controls. The Electronic Appetite Rating System (EARS) employs a palmtop computer to collect hourly ratings of motivation to eat and mood. We collected data on hunger, desire to eat, fullness, and tiredness. HD subjects were monitored on the dialysis day and the interdialytic day. Controls were monitored for 1 or 2 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temporal profiles of motivation to eat for the controls were similar on both days. Temporal profiles of motivation to eat for the HD group were lower on the dialysis day. Mean HD scores were not significantly different from controls. Dietary records indicated that dialysis patients consumed less food than controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that the EARS can be used to monitor subjective appetite states continuously in a group of HD patients. A HD session reduces hunger and desire to eat. Patients feel more tired after dialysis. This does not correlate with their hunger score, but does correlate with their fullness rating. Nutrient intake is reduced, suggesting a resetting of appetite control for the HD group. The EARS may be useful for intervention studies.
authors: Renal Unit, Wellcome Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Wright
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Woodrow
authors: S
authors: S
authors: O'Brien
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: King
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Dye
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Blundell
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Brownjohn
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Turney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001066:Appetite; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology*