Sonographic findings of the umbilical cord: implications for the risk of fetal chromosomal anomalies.
In this review we summarize current knowledge on sonographic findings of the umbilical cord and the risk they impose for chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus. A Medline search of the literature was performed and the pertinent English-language literature was reviewed. Anatomical and Doppler abnormalities of the umbilical cord may be associated with an increased risk of chromosomal aberrations in the fetus. Therefore, level II prenatal sonography should also include a careful examination of the umbilical cord.
Weissman
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. wamir@netvision.net.il
Drugan
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D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging