title: Combined brachytherapy and surgery for early carcinoma of the uterine cervix: analysis of extent of surgery on outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival data and rates and patterns of complications and recurrences for patients who had early uterine cervix carcinoma and underwent brachytherapy and subsequent surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1990 and December 1997, 192 women with cervical carcinoma (Stages IA2 with vascular invasion [n = 28], IB1 [n = 144], and IIA [n = 20]) underwent brachytherapy, delivering 60 Gy and then hysterectomy with external iliac lymphadenectomy. Piver class I, II, and III hysterectomies were performed on 136, 38, and 18 patients, respectively. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was delivered to patients with positive lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up time was 61 months. After brachytherapy, a pathologically complete response (CR) was observed in 137 (71.3%) of 192 women. The distribution of CRs according to tumor stage was as follows: Stage IA2, 24 (85.7%) of 28; Stage IB1, 105 (72.9%) of 144; and Stage IIA, 8 (40%) of 20. Patients with Stage IB1 cancer had 13 lymph node metastases (9%), as did 6 with Stage IIA disease (30%). Pelvic recurrences occurred in 9 (4.6%) of the 192 patients; in 3, local relapses were associated with relapses at distant sites. Ten patients had systemic relapses (5.2%). Recurrences at distant sites were more frequent (p < 0.02) in partial responders, and other recurrences were more frequent in patients with lymph node metastases (p < 0.04). The overall 5-year disease-free survival rate was 91.2% (96.2% for Stage IA2, 91% for Stage IB1, and 84.4% for Stage IIA cancers). The class of hysterectomy did not influence the outcome. Late complications occurred in 28 patients (Grade 1, 24 [12.5%]; Grade 2, 4 [2%]; and Grade 3, 1 [0.5%] of 192 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined treatments resulted in high local control and low morbidity rates in patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma. Limited surgery seemed to be adequate after intracavitary therapy.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France. radiotherapie@marseille.fnclcc.fr
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Resbeut
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Alzieu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Gonzague-Casabianca
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Badinand
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Bardou
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Cravello
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gamerre
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Houvenaeghel
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Cowen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*