title: Phase I trial of sequential administration of raltitrexed (Tomudex) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd).
abstract: Raltitrexed (Tomudex) is a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase with clinical activity in colorectal cancer. The combination of raltitrexed and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd, a cytotoxic pyrimidine analog) resulted in increased IdUrd incorporation into DNA and exhibited in vitro synergism against colon and bladder human carcinoma cell lines. We designed a phase I trial to determine the MTD, pharmacokinetics, and biologic effects of escalating doses of the combination of IdUrd given as a 24-hour infusion after a raltitrexed 15-minute infusion every three weeks. Thirty-four patients received 95 courses of raltitrexed and IdUrd at doses ranging from raltitrexed 1 mg/m2 and IdUrd 750 mg/m2 to raltitrexed 2.5 mg/m2 and IdUrd 10,400 mg/m2. The median number of cycles administered was 2 (range 1-10). Dose limiting hematologic toxicity occurred at doses of raltitrexed 2.5 mg/m2 and IdUrd 10,400 mg/m2. In addition, we determined the mean plasma concentrations C(SS) of IdUrd, the iodouracil level at 22 hours and the IdUrd clearance. Raltitrexed did not appear to affect the pharmacokinetics of IdUrd in the dose range tested. The recommended phase II dose is raltitrexed 2 mg/m2 and IdUrd 10,400 mg/m2 repeated every three weeks. Evidence of potential antitumor activity was observed: 1 patient (with colon cancer) had a partial response while 15 others had stable disease.
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. galanis.evanthia@mayo.edu
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Galanis
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Goldberg
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Reid
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Atherton
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Sloan
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Pitot
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Rubin
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Adjei
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Burch
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Safgren
authors: T E
authors: TE
authors: Witzig
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Ames
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Erlichman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007065:Idoxuridine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D013876:Thiophenes; C068874:raltitrexed; D007065:Idoxuridine