Molecular regulation of lymphangiogenesis and targets for tissue oedema.
New insight has recently been obtained into the molecular mechanisms regulating the function of lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factors-C and -D have been shown to stimulate lymphangiogenesis, and their receptor VEGFR-3 has been linked to human hereditary lymphoedema, although there is evidence that other genes are also involved. These data suggest that it may become possible to stimulate lymphatic growth and function and to treat tissue oedema involved in many diseases.
Karkkainen
M J
MJ
Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Marika.Karkkainen@Helsinki.Fl
Jussila
L
L
Ferrell
R E
RE
Finegold
D N
DN
Alitalo
K
K
D000818:Animals; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 / Q000235:genetics; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004727:Endothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005140:Eyelashes / Q000002:abnormalities; D005544:Forecasting; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D; C082078:mesenchyme fork head 1 protein; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3