title: The prevention of osteoporosis using sequential low-dose hormone replacement therapy with estradiol-17 beta and dydrogesterone.
abstract: Low-dose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women may produce fewer side-effects but its efficacy in the prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis is not established. To address this we compared the effect of 1 mg estradiol-17 beta with a 2 mg dose, in combination with cyclical dydrogesterone, in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. We conducted a multicenter double-masked prospective randomized, placebo-controlled study in 595 apparently healthy postmenopausal women randomized to either placebo, or continuous oral estradiol-17 beta 1 mg or 2 mg with sequential dydrogesterone for 2 years. The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) of actively treated groups compared with placebo. Women taking either 1 mg or 2 mg estradiol-17 beta showed a significant increase in BMD of the LS (mean +/- SD, 5.2 +/- 3.8% and 6.7 +/- 4.0% respectively, both p < 0.001) whilst BMD in the placebo group decreased (-1.9 +/- 4.0%). Increases were also observed in FN BMD in both treated groups (2.7 +/- 4.2% and 2.5 +/- 5.2% respectively, both p < 0.001) in contrast to the placebo group (-1.8 +/- 4.8%). The oldest women showed the greatest treatment response. One milligram estradiol-17 beta in combination with dydrogesterone is effective in conserving LS and proximal femur bone mass, both of which are clinically important sites of osteoporotic fracture, and is as effective as 2 mg in preventing FN bone. The lower dose of estradiol-17 beta is a particularly suitable treatment for osteoporosis management in older women since it should minimize side-effects and improve the acceptability of HRT.
authors: Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK. b.lees@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Lees
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004394:Dydrogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol; D004394:Dydrogesterone