title: Human T cells infiltrate and injure pig coronary artery grafts with activated but not quiescent endothelium in immunodeficient mouse hosts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously demonstrated that human artery grafts transplanted to immunodeficient mice are infiltrated and injured by unsensitized allogeneic human T cells. We extended our investigations to human anti-porcine xenoresponses in this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pig coronary artery segments were interposed into the infrarenal aorta of severe combined immunodeficiency/beige mice. After 7 days, certain recipients were reconstituted with human leukocytes and/or treated with proinflammatory cytokines. The grafts were harvested after 1-70 days and examined by histology, immunohistochemistry, and morphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pig artery grafts from untreated mice had no evidence of injury, leukocytic infiltrate, or endothelial cell activation up to 70 days postoperatively, despite deposition of murine complement. Host reconstitution with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in a discrete population of circulating T cells that did not infiltrate or injure the grafts up to 28 days after adoptive transfer. Administration of porcine interferon-gamma for up to 28 days sustained the expression of graft vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and major histocompatibility complex antigens, but did not initiate recruitment of human leukocytes. In contrast, treatment with human tumor necrosis factor for 7 days induced the de novo expression of porcine E-selectin by graft endothelial cells and elicited human T cell infiltration and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-dependent vascular injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-severe combined immunodeficiency/beige mouse model identifies a significant difference between human T cell allogeneic and xenogeneic responses in vivo. Xenografts with quiescent endothelium are not infiltrated or injured by T cells under the same conditions in which allografts are rejected. Activation of pig coronary artery endothelial cells by human tumor necrosis factor, but not porcine interferon-gamma, elicits cellular xenoresponses.
authors: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 121 FMB, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Tereb
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Kirkiles-Smith
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Kim
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Rudic
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Schechner
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Lorber
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Bothwell
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Pober
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tellides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016511:Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma