title: Breast cancer mortality among Ashkenazi Jewish women in São Paulo and Porto Alegre, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation rates have been reported in Ashkenazi Jewish women in North America, Europe and Israel, and have been mentioned as possibly related to a higher incidence of breast and ovarian cancer among these communities. The present study was carried out with the aim of obtaining evidence on the magnitude of breast cancer as a cause of death among Ashkenazi women in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed all death certificates archived in the Jewish Burial Societies of São Paulo (1971-1997) and Porto Alegre (1948-1997), two of the main and oldest Jewish communities in Brazil. Breast cancer observed deaths were compared with expected deaths according to breast cancer mortality in the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed ratios were approximately quite close to unity, suggesting a similar breast cancer mortality pattern among the Ashkenazi population and the general population in both cities. These results maintain similar behavior regardless of whether analyzed before or after the mid-1980s, when mammography came to be increasingly performed in Brazil. Cancer proportional mortality ratios were 1.04 (0.83-1.29) in São Paulo and 1.16 (0.84-1.57) in Porto Alegre before 1985, and 1.17 (1.00-1.44) and 1.21 (0.81-1.79), respectively, between 1985 and 1997. Some evidence of the maintenance of protective risk factors such as high parity has been observed among Ashkenazi women in São Paulo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A quite similar breast cancer mortality pattern was observed between Ashkenazi Jewish women and the general population in São Paulo and Porto Alegre, Brazil. These results may suggest an environmental role on germ mutation expression reported in this ethnic group.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. koifman@ensp.fiocruz.br
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Koifman
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jorge Koifman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003644:Death Certificates; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007585:Jews; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010298:Parity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors