High-dose melphalan with G-CSF-stimulated whole blood rescue followed by stem cell harvesting and busulphan/cyclophosphamide with autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.
In 90 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma, we investigated the feasibility of administering a tandem high-dose therapy regimen, using whole blood for rescue after the first and leucapheresis harvested between the two high doses, for rescue after the second high dose. After 5 days of G-CSF 1 litre of whole blood (WB) was obtained, left undisturbed at 4 degrees C and reinfused 24 h after HDM (140 mg/m(2)). Patients not in progression after 3-6 months were again mobilised, leucapheresed and treated with busulphan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg (Bu/Cy) and reinfusion. In 90 patients, WB contained a mean (range) of 0.57 (0.02-3.22) x 10(6)/kg CD34(+) cells. Recovery after HDM was in 13 days for granulocytes and in 18 days for platelets, with 11 patients not recovering within 3 months. There were three toxic deaths. Sixty-six patients qualified for harvesting after HDM. In the first 11, marrow was harvested. The subsequent 55 patients were mobilised and in 45 the preset minimum of 1.5 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells was obtained. Forty-nine patients actually received Bu/Cy. Recovery after Bu/Cy and marrow reinfusion was in 35 days for granulocytes and 20 days for platelets, with two of five patients not recovering after 3 months. After Bu/Cy and leucapheresis reinfusion, recovery was in 17 days for granulocytes and in 34 days for platelets. Nine patients did not recover within 3 months. There were four toxic deaths. The median overall survival from diagnosis for patients receiving HDM was 49 months and for patients also receiving Bu/Cy, 84 months. We conclude that WB rescue after HDM followed by leucapheresis and a second transplant is feasible in the majority of patients. Better mobilisation techniques are required to increase the number of patients who can receive the second transplant.
Huijgens
P C
PC
Department of Haematology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dekker-Van Roessel
H M
HM
Jonkhoff
A R
AR
Admiraal
G C
GC
Zweegman
S
S
Schuurhuis
G J
GJ
Ossenkoppele
G J
GJ
D000328:Adult; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous / Q000379:methods*; D002066:Busulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007937:Leukapheresis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002066:Busulfan; D008558:Melphalan