title: Interobserver variations in gross tumor volume delineation of brain tumors on computed tomography and impact of magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To assess the interobserver variability of brain tumor delineation on computed tomography (CT). (2) To assess the impact of the addition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine physicians were asked to delineate the gross tumor volume (GTV) of five patients with supratentorial inoperable brain tumors on CT scans and 2 weeks (or more) later on MRIs. The delineations were performed on a computer screen. During delineation on MRI, the registered CT images (without delineation) were displayed on the screen (MRI+CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high interobserver variability in GTV delineation on CT is found: the ratio of the largest to the smallest defined volumes varies for the five patients by factors of resp. 2.8, 1.8, 1.8, 1.9 and 1.7. The interobserver variability is as large on MRI+CT as on CT alone (ratio largest/smallest volume: 2.4, 1.7, 1.9, 2.7 and 1.5). Volumes delineated on MRI+CT (mean: 69.6 cm(3)) are larger than on CT alone (mean: 59.5 cm(3)). Residual volumes (volume delineated on one image modality but not on the other) are >0 for CT alone and for MRI+CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large interobserver variability in GTV delineation of brain tumors is demonstrated. The addition of MRI to CT does not reduce interobserver variability. GTVs delineated on MRI+CT are larger than on CT alone, but some volumes are delineated on CT and not on MRI. Therefore, a combination of the two image modalities is recommended for brain tumor delineation for treatment planning.
authors: Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Weltens
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Menten
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Feron
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bellon
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Demaerel
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Maes
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Van den Bogaert
authors: E
authors: E
authors: van der Schueren
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D015588:Observer Variation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods