title: A non-ischemic forearm exercise test for the screening of patients with exercise intolerance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The forearm exercise test is a common investigation that allows detection of some metabolic myopathies. It is not completely standardized and, when performed in ischemic conditions, may induce rhabdomyolysis in patients with glycogenosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a standardized non-ischemic exercise test for a safe screening of patients with exercise intolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six healthy subjects and 32 patients with exercise intolerance performed an isometric exercise at 70% of the maximal voluntary contraction during 30 seconds in non-ischemic conditions. Blood concentrations of creatine kinase, lactate, and ammonia were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A nearly fourfold lactate rise was induced by exercise in healthy subjects. All patients with normal muscle biopsy showed values similar to those of healthy subjects. No significant lactate increase was observed in six patients with a myophosphorylase defect and one with a debrancher defect. Disparate lactate responses were observed in 14 patients with a mitochondrial myopathy. The blood lactate level at rest was abnormally high in four of these patients. The lactate surface normalized by the mechanical energy production was above the normal range in eight patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors propose a standardized non-ischemic grip test that overcomes the main drawbacks of the classic ischemic forearm exercise test. It provides a specific, efficient, and safe screening test for patients with exercise intolerance. Its sensitivity was very good for patients with a glycogenolysis defect but remains partial in patients with a mitochondrial disorder.
authors: Institut de Myologie, unité INSERM 523,Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. jy.hogrel@myologie.chups.jussieu.fr
authors: J Y
authors: JY
authors: Hogrel
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Laforêt
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ben Yaou
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Chevrot
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Eymard
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lombès
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D017240:Mitochondrial Myopathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity