Consensus statement on transcultural issues in depression and anxiety from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety.
OBJECTIVE
To provide primary care physicians with a better understanding of transcultural issues in depression and anxiety.


METHODS
The 4 members of the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety were James C. Ballenger (chair), Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Yves Lecrubier, and David J. Nutt. Five faculty invited by the chair also participated: Laurence J. Kirmayer, Jean-Pierre Lepine, Keh-Ming Lin, Osamu Tajima, and Yutaka Ono.


METHODS
The consensus statement is based on the 5 review articles that are published in this supplement and the scientific literature relevant to the issues reviewed in these articles.


METHODS
Group meetings were held over a 2-day period. On day 1, the group discussed the review articles, and the chair identified key issues for further debate. On day 2, the group discussed these issues to arrive at a consensus view. After the group meetings, the consensus statement was drafted by the chair and approved by all attendees.


CONCLUSIONS
The consensus statement underlines the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders across all cultures and nations while recognizing that cultural differences exist in symptom presentation and prevalence estimates. In all countries, the recognition of depression by clinicians in the primary care setting is low (generally less than 50%), and the consensus group recommends a 2-step process to aid the recognition and diagnosis of depression. In line with the low recognition of depression and anxiety disorders is the finding that only a small proportion of patients with depression or anxiety are receiving appropriate treatments for their condition. Biological diversity across ethnic groups may account for the differential sensitivity of some groups to psychotropic medication, but this area requires further investigation.
Ballenger
J C
JC
Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston 29425-0742, USA.
Davidson
J R
JR
Lecrubier
Y
Y
Nutt
D J
DJ
Kirmayer
L J
LJ
Lépine
J P
JP
Lin
K M
KM
Tajima
O
O
Ono
Y
Y
D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D015897:Comorbidity; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011050:Policy Making; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics; D013240:Stereotyping
D015415:Biomarkers; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs