title: Covert fears and anxiety in asthma and congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare anxiety, fears and behavioural problems in children with asthma and children with congenital heart disease, and with the normative population. To also review the influence of maternal anxiety, time since diagnosis and severity of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children administered Fear Survey Scale (FSSC-R) and Child Manifest Anxiety Scale (R-CMAS). Mothers given Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and State Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI-S and STAI-T). Normative means and SDs compared with means and SDs for both medical groups. The mother's scores on the STAI-S and STAI-T scales were correlated with the child's scores on the FSSC-R and the R-CMAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient Asthma and Cardiology multidisciplinary Clinics at a tertiary care paediatric facility, Alberta Children's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty children with asthma (aged 6--17 years) were compared with 39 children with congenital heart disease. Intake questionnaires and interviews determined these children to be without obvious psycho-social problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with asthma and children with congenital heart disease had more medical fears, and more physiological anxiety than normative samples. Increased maternal anxiety was correlated in both groups with increased child anxiety, medical fears and behavioural problems in the child. Similarly, increased severity of asthma or cardiac problems was associated with more physiological anxiety and more fears. Less time since diagnosis of the disease adversely affected social interactions in both groups of children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physiological anxiety, medical fears and maternal anxiety are important issues requiring attention in asthma and cardiac disease, even in the absence of obvious psychosocial problems. There may be specific problems with a recent diagnosis of a chronic illness.
authors: Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital, The University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gupta
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Mitchell
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Giuffre
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires