title: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast -- among factors predicting for recurrence, distance from the nipple is important.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess local and systemic recurrence rates and factors predicting for recurrence in patients treated for ductal carcinoma of the breast (DCIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with DCIS treated between January 1986 and January 1997 were identified. All pathology specimens were reviewed. DCIS type, lesion size, nuclear grade and margin clearance were assessed. Mammograms were reviewed and mammographic patterns, size, type of lesion and distance from the nipple were measured. Treatments and subsequent outcomes were established by case note review. Factors predicting for recurrence were analysed by both univariant and multivariant analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 220 patients, 153 (70%) had breast-conserving surgery. Sixty-seven (30%) had a mastectomy. Ninety-seven patients had adjuvant therapy of which 22 had radiotherapy alone, 54 had tamoxifen alone and 21 had radiotherapy and tamoxifen. Following mastectomy, two patients developed axillary recurrences. Following breast-conserving surgery 20 (13%) patients developed local recurrences, of which one developed systemic disease and died from breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mammographic nipple to lesion distance of <40 mm and high/intermediate nuclear grade were the only factors found to increase the likelihood of recurrence.
authors: University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Stallard
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Hole
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Purushotham
authors: L Y
authors: LY
authors: Hiew
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Mehanna
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cordiner
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Dobson
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Mallon
authors: W D
authors: WD
authors: George
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009558:Nipples; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors