Genomic variation in pancreatic ion channel genes in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
BACKGROUND
Many genetic diseases are caused by mutations in ion channel genes. Because type 2 diabetes is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell insensitivity to glucose, the genes responsible for glucose metabolism and calcium signaling in pancreatic beta-cells are candidate type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes.


METHODS
We have examined genomic variations in two ion channel genes relevant to the molecular pathology of diabetes mellitus, the Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel gene and alpha(1D) subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) gene among Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.


RESULTS
There are two alleles in the Kir6.2 gene: EI, glutamic acid at codon 23 and isoleucine at codon 337 and KV, lysine at codon 23 and valine at codon 337. The allelic frequencies of these polymorphisms are similar in type 2 diabetic patients and normal subjects. We also detected trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the amino terminus and the carboxyl terminal region of the alpha(1D) gene. Expansion of the ATG trinucleotide repeat from seven to eight was detected only in type 2 diabetic patients, but the frequency was low and was similar in type 2 diabetic patients and normal subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
Although variations of the Kir6.2 and alpha(1D) genes are not associated with the development of common type 2 diabetes, further studies may determine the role of these genomic variations, especially those in the alpha(1D) VDCC gene, in the pathogenesis of certain subsets of type 2 diabetes, or as a co-factor in the polygenic disorder generally.
Yamada
Y
Y
Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. yamada@metab.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Kuroe
A
A
Li
Q
Q
Someya
Y
Y
Kubota
A
A
Ihara
Y
Y
Tsuura
Y
Y
Seino
Y
Y
D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D044466:Asian People; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D012016:Reference Values; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats
D015220:Calcium Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying