title: Strong depletion of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes during haemodialysis treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immune defect in haemodialysis (HD) patients is associated with a monocytic dysfunction, including an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Monocytes fall into subpopulations comprising CD14(++)CD16(-) and CD14(+)CD16(+) cells. Circulating numbers of the latter can rapidly increase during infectious episodes and inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the amount of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes in HD patients and characterized their fate during HD treatment. In 34 HD patients and 17 healthy controls, the distinct cell populations were determined by differential blood counts and flow cytometry. Cells from 14 HD patients were analysed at the start, 10, 30 and 120 min thereafter, and at the end of HD treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before HD, patients show a monocytosis with a strongly increased CD14(+)CD16(+) subpopulation. Early during HD treatment, circulating leukocyte numbers decrease, with monocytes being most profoundly influenced. Interestingly, among them, sequestration is most pronounced in the CD14(+) CD16(+) subpopulation. After 30 min, approximately 83+/-9% of CD14(+)CD16(+) cells are removed from circulation. This sequestration does not differ between patients treated with polyamide or haemophan membranes. The sequestration is a short-lived temporary effect and cell numbers are replenished within 120 min of treatment for the entire monocyte population. Beyond that time point, cellular activation by the dialyser membrane becomes visible. Reappearence kinetics of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes is slower; however, initial numbers are reached by the end of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haemodiaysis leads to temporary removal of monocytes from the bloodstream followed by the reappearance of activated cells. This might contribute to the state of chronic microinflammation, which is reflected by high levels of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes.
authors: Medical Department IV, Nephrology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Sester
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sester
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Heine
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kaul
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Girndt
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Köhler
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D017452:Receptors, IgG