title: [Protective effects of organic acids on human vascular endothelial cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to examine if organic acids (OA), a kind of natural food components, will prevent from atherosclerosis formation, the effects of four OA, namely chlorogenic acid (CHA), ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), and malic acid (MA) on human vascular endothelial cells were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) were cultured, and the changes of cell morphology, cell growth, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from cells were measured when EC was incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the presence or not of four OA added at three different conditions, i.e. before 4 hours oxLDL added, at the same time as oxLDL added, and after 3 hours oxLDL added, as well as at the indicated doses (10, 20 or 40 mg/L).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EC survival rate of the oxLDL control group was lower (P < 0.01) and LDH release rate was higher (P < 0.01) than those of normal control group. CHA, AA, CA and MA protected EC from damage caused by oxLDL when they were added before and/or at the same time of oxLDL, but the same beneficial effects of these four OA added after oxLDL were not observed. The EC survival rates of CHA + oxLDL and AA + oxLDL groups in three doses were higher (P < 0.05) and the LDH release rates were lower (P < 0.05) in a dose-effect manner when compared with those of oxLDL control group, respectively. Similar results were found in the CA + oxLDL and MA + oxLDL of the high dose groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four tested OA could effectively prevent EC from damage induced by oxLDL. CHA and AA had the strongest effects, the next was CA, followed by MA.
authors: Devision of Natrition Biochemistry, Institute of Sports Medicine, 3rd Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Chang
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008293:Malates; D019343:Citric Acid; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C030298:malic acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid