[Dietary recommendations for dyslipidemic individuals].
Diet prescription is a fundamental first-line element in the management of patients with dyslipidemia. Weight loss should be a primary goal for all overweight patients. A 5 to 10% weight loss is often sufficient to obtain a significant improvement in lipid levels. Dietary fat should not provide more than 30% of total calorie intake. Saturated fatty acids should not exceed 7% and polyunsaturated fatty acids should also be limited to 7 to 10%. For monounsaturated fatty acids the dietary allowance can be a bit wider, up to 15% of total calorie intake. Carbohydrates, particularly complex carbohydrates, should replace the fat calories. Dietary fiber (more than 20g/d) as well as soy protein or phyto-sterols can be helpful in reducing LDL-cholesterol by about 10%. Consumption of fruits and vegetables should also be encouraged because they provide antioxidants that have effects on other cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term education is needed to encourage the patient to comply with this type of diet. Psycho-behavioral strategies can be useful here.
Krempf
M
M
Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1.
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D055656:Prescriptions; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D015431:Weight Loss
D000975:Antioxidants; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber