title: The role of c-Myb and Sp1 in the up-regulation of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Liver-specific and non-liver-specific methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) are products of two genes, MAT1A and MAT2A, respectively, that catalyze the formation of S-adenosylmethionine. We showed a switch from MAT1A to MAT2A expression at the transcriptional level in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that facilitates cancer cell growth. The purpose of the present study was to better understand the molecular mechanism of increased MAT2A expression in HCC. In vitro DNase I footprinting analysis revealed two protected sites (-354 to -312 and -73 to -28) using nuclear proteins from HCC and HepG2 cells, but not normal liver. These sites are also protected in HepG2 cells on in vivo DNase I footprinting analysis. These protected sites contain consensus binding sites for c-Myb and Sp1. In HCC, the mRNA levels of c-myb and Sp1 and binding to their respective sites increased. Mutation of the c-Myb or Sp1 site reduced MAT2A promoter activity by 67% and 50%, respectively. The importance of these cis-acting elements and trans-activating factors was confirmed using heterologous promoter and expression vectors. Increased expression of c-Myb and Sp1 and binding to the MAT2A promoter contribute to transcriptional up-regulation of MAT2A in HCC.-Yang, H., Huang, Z.-Z., Wang, J., Lu, S. C. The role of c-Myb and Sp1 in the up-regulation of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, USC Liver Disease Research Center, USC-UCLA Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Z Z
authors: ZZ
authors: Huang
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008716:Methionine Adenosyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020598:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb / Q000502:physiology*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D020598:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D008716:Methionine Adenosyltransferase; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I