title: Ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapies after failure of the standard 'Maastricht triple therapy': a promising alternative to the quadruple therapy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor, clarythromycin, and amoxicillin has been proposed in Maastricht as the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) based regimens may be used as second-line treatments after 'Maastricht therapy' failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 285 patients with H. pylori infection were given a 7-day treatment with pantoprazole 40 mg b.d., clarythromycin 500 mg b.d., and amoxicillin 1 g b.d. Patients who were still infected were randomly given one of the following 14-day treatments: RBC 400 mg b.d. plus amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and tinidazole 500 mg b.d. (RAT group), RBC 400 mg b.d. plus amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and clarythromycin 500 mg b.d. (RAC group), and RBC 400 mg b.d. plus clarythromycin 500 mg b.d. and tinidazole 500 mg b.d. (RCT group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 'Maastricht therapy' achieved an eradication rate of 59% (95% CI: 54-65) on intention-to-treat analysis. The RAT, RAC, and RCT regimens achieved eradication rates of 81% (95% CI: 67-94), 43% (95% CI: 26-60), and 62% (95% CI: 44-80), respectively, on intention-to-treat analysis. Patient compliance was optimal in RAT and RAC groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RBC plus tinidazole and either amoxicillin or clarythromycin can be used as second-line therapies after failure of the Maastricht triple therapy.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' Hospital, I.R.C.C.S., San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. perrisgr@tin.it
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Perri
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Villani
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Quitadamo
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Annese
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Niro
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Andriulli
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001944:Breath Tests; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012008:Recurrence; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D010406:Penicillins; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013454:Sulfoxides; D014011:Tinidazole; C073340:ranitidine bismuth citrate; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011899:Ranitidine; D014508:Urea; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole; D001729:Bismuth