Reliability and validity of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) Food Checklist: a self-report instrument to measure fat and sodium intake by middle school students.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a scoring algorithm and evaluate the reliability and validity of scores from the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) Food Checklist (CFC) as measures of total fat, saturated fat, and sodium intake in middle school students.


METHODS
Randomized, controlled trial in which participants were assigned to 1 of 3 study protocols that varied the order of CFC and 24-hour dietary recall administration. Criterion outcomes were percent energy from total fat, percent energy from saturated fat, and sodium intake in milligrams.


METHODS
A multiethnic sample (33% ethnic and racial minorities) of 365 seventh-grade students from 8 schools in 4 states.


METHODS
Multivariable regression models were used to calibrate the effects of individual food checklist items; bootstrap estimates were used for cross-validation; and kappa statistics, Pearson correlations, t tests, and effect sizes were employed to assess reliability and validity.


RESULTS
The median same-day test-retest reliability kappa for the 40 individual CFC food items was 0.85. With respect to item validity, the median kappa statistic comparing student choices to those identified by staff dietitians was 0.54. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.84 to 0.89 for CFC total nutrient scores. Correlations between CFC scores and 24-hour recall values were 0.36 for total fat, 0.36 for saturated fat, and 0.34 for sodium; CFC scores were consistent with hypothesized gender differences in nutrient intake.


CONCLUSIONS
The CFC is a reliable and valid tool for measuring fat, saturated fat, and sodium intake in middle school students. Its brevity and ease of administration make the CFC a cost-effective way to measure middle school students' previous day's intake of selected nutrients in school surveys and intervention studies.
Smith
K W
KW
New England Research Institutes, 9 Galen St, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
Hoelscher
D M
DM
Lytle
L A
LA
Dwyer
J T
JT
Nicklas
T A
TA
Zive
M M
MM
Clesi
A L
AL
Garceau
A O
AO
Stone
E J
EJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012650:Self Disclosure; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary