title: Arterial switch operation: factors impacting survival in the current era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The arterial switch procedure has become the preferred procedure for the transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and Taussig-Bing anomaly. This analysis is intended to identify potential factors affecting survival in the current era.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 1999, 201 consecutive patients underwent an arterial switch operation for TGA or Taussig-Bing anomaly. Multivariate analysis of perioperative variables was performed for operative morbidity/ mortality. Patients were separated into two groups. Phase 1 (n = 29) included patients before mid-1989 who underwent an open coronary reimplantation technique. Phase 2 (n = 172) included the patients undergoing a technique of reimplanting coronary buttons after neoaortic reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient population included TGA with intact ventricular septum (58.7%, 118 of 201), with ventricular septal defect (31.3%, 61 of 201), and Taussig-Bing anomaly (10.0%, 22 of 201). Overall, early mortality was 9.5% (19 of 201) and there were five late deaths (2.7%). One-month, 1-year, and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 90.4%, 87.9%, and 87.9%, respectively. Reoperation rate for late pulmonary stenosis was 2.7% (5 of 182). The freedom from reoperation at 3 and 5 years was 97.5% and 93.3%, respectively. In the analysis by time period, the operative mortality declined from 27.6% (8 of 29) to 6.4% (11 of 172) (p = 0.002). Risk factors for operative death were coronary artery patterns (usual vs retropulmonary left coronary artery, p = 0.009) in phase 1 and preoperative instability in phase 2 (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The arterial switch operation for TGA and Taussig-Bing anomaly has early low and late mortality and reoperation rates. Technical modifications in coronary reimplantation have minimized coronary artery pattern-related risks.
authors: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA. jobrown@iupui.edu
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Brown
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: Turrentine
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004310:Double Outlet Right Ventricle / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000601:surgery*