title: Efficacy of clobazam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clobazam (CLB) has an important antiepileptic effect and is less expensive than the new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), but still has not been considered as first-line drug in the treatment of epilepsy. We evaluated the efficacy of CLB as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open, retrospective study, conducted at the epilepsy clinic of our university hospital. All patients had chronic epilepsy and were being evaluated for epilepsy surgery. CLB was introduced as add-on therapy (starting with 10 mg/ day) in patients with previous failure of at least two AEDs. Information was obtained from clinical notes and follow-up visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 97 patients, 37 men and 60 women. Ages ranged from 15 to 70 years (mean, 35.8 years). Etiology of epilepsy was hippocampal atrophy in 67 (69%), cortical dysgenesis in nine (9.3%), and other etiologies in nine (9.3%). In 12 (12.3%) patients, the etiology of epilepsy was not identified despite clinical and neurologic investigation. Patients used CLB for a period ranging from 1 month to 7 years and 9 months (mean, 16.7 months) with doses ranging from 10 to 60 mg/day (mean, 29.7 mg/day). Seven (7.2%) patients were seizure free, 48 (49.4%) had > or =50% of improvement in seizure control, 39 (40.2%) had <50% of improvement in seizure control, and in three (3.1%), no data were available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that CLB may have efficacy equivalent to that of the new AEDs when used as add-on therapy in patients with refractory epilepsy. CLB should be considered an economic alternative in the treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy.
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Brazil.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Montenegro
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Cendes
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Noronha
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Mory
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Carvalho
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: Marques
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Guerreiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000078306:Clobazam; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000078306:Clobazam