title: Nutritional value of raw and autoclaved kabuli and desi chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for growing chickens.
abstract: 1. Two experiments were carried out to determine the effect of inclusion of raw (kabuli and desi) and autoclaved (desi) chickpea seeds in wheat-based starter diets in chickens grown to 28 d of age on the performance, digestive organ sizes, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn), ileal apparent protein and starch digestibilities (APD and ASD) and intestinal alpha-amylase and trypsin activities. 2. In the first experiment, diets were formulated to contain 0, 150, 300 and 450 g/kg of raw kabuli chickpea seeds. Increasing the proportion of seed in the diet negatively influenced body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency. The relative weights of the pancreas, liver and gizzard and the relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caeca were increased significantly when the chickpea seeds were included in the diets. Correspondingly, APD, ASD, alpha-amylase and trypsin activities and AMEn were reduced significantly when the chickpea seed was incorporated in the diets. 3. In the 2nd experiment, diets were formulated to contain 75 and 150 g/kg of raw and autoclaved desi chickpea seeds. Weight gain and food intake of the chicks given desi chickpea diets were significantly reduced compared with those fed on the control diet. Increasing the proportion of seed in the diet negatively influenced body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency. Moreover, a significant increment in the relative weights of liver and pancreas, and in the relative lengths of duodenum, ileum and caeca was observed when the concentration of chickpea seeds in the diets was increased. Feeding autoclaved seeds significantly increased the weight gains and the food intakes. However, food efficiency was not modified by the autoclaving. Relative weights of gizzard and liver and relative lengths of ileum were decreased significantly by the inclusion of autoclaved desi chickpea in the diet. 4. We concluded that the inclusion of kabuli (up to 450 g/kg) and desi (up to 150 g/kg) chickpea seeds produced a negative effect on the performance of the birds, and an increment in the relative weights and lengths of the digestive organs. In addition, the incorporation of kabuli chickpea produced a reduction of protein and starch digestibilities, alpha-amylase and trypsin activities, and AMEn of food compared with the birds given the control diet. Autoclaved treatment of desi chickpea improved the performance of the birds.
authors: Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, CSIC, Ciudad University Madrid, Spain. viverosa@eucmas.sim.ucm.es
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Viveros
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Brenes
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Elices
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Arija
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Canales
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029863:Cicer / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005895:Gizzard, Avian / Q000254:growth & development; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008099:Liver / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000254:growth & development; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D013213:Starch; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D014357:Trypsin; D009584:Nitrogen