Control of Xist expression for imprinted and random X chromosome inactivation in mice.
Applying RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to parthenogenetic embryos with two maternally derived X (X(M)) chromosomes and embryos with X chromosome aneuploidy such as X(P)0 (X(P), paternally derived X chromosome), X(M)X(M)X(P) and X(M)X(M)Y, we studied the control of Xist/Tsix expression for silencing the entire X chromosome in mice. The data show that the paternally derived Xist allele is highly expressed in every cell of the embryo from the 4-cell stage onward, irrespective of the number of X chromosomes in a diploid cell. The high level of Xist transcription is maintained in non-epiblast cells culminating in X(P)-inactivation, whereas in X(P)0 embryos it is terminated by the blastocyst stage, probably as a result of counting the number of X chromosomes in a cell occurring at the morula/blastocyst stage. Xist is also down-regulated in epiblast cells of X(M)X(P) and X(M)X(M)X(P) embryos to make X-inactivation random. In epiblast cells, Xist seems to be up-regulated after counting and random choice of the future inactive X chromosome(s). Although the maternal Xist allele is never activated in fertilized embryos before implantation, some parthenogenetic embryos show Xist up-regulation in a proportion of cells. These and other data reported earlier suggest that imprinted X-inactivation in non-epiblast tissues of rodents had been derived from the random X-inactivation system.
Matsui
J
J
Graduate School of Environmental Earth Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
Goto
Y
Y
Takagi
N
N
D000818:Animals; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D014157:Transcription Factors; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA