title: Comparison of methods for determining the numbers and species distribution of coliform bacteria in well water samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enumeration of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli is the most widely used method in the estimation of hygienic quality of drinking water. The yield of target bacteria and the species composition of different populations of coliform bacteria may depend on the method.Three methods were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three membrane filtration methods were used for the enumeration of coliform bacteria in shallow well waters. The yield of confirmed coliform bacteria was highest on Differential Coliform agar, followed by LES Endo agar. Differential Coliform agar had the highest proportion of typical colonies, of which 74% were confirmed as belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae. Of the typical colonies on Lactose Tergitol 7 TTC agar, 75% were confirmed as Enterobacteriaceae, whereas 92% of typical colonies on LES Endo agar belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae. LES Endo agar yielded many Serratia strains, Lactose Tergitol 7 TTC agar yielded numerous strains of Rahnella aquatilis and Enterobacter, whereas Differential Coliform agar yielded the widest range of species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The yield of coliform bacteria varied between methods. Each method compared had a characteristic species distribution of target bacteria and a typical level of interference of non-target bacteria. Identification with routine physiological tests to distinct species was hampered by the slight differences between species. High yield and sufficient selectivity are difficult to achieve simultaneously, especially if the target group is diverse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that several aspects of method performance should be considered, and that the target group must be distinctly defined to enable method comparisons.
authors: Finnish Environment Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. maarit.niemi@vyh.fi
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Niemi
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Heikkilä
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Lahti
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kalso
authors: S I
authors: SI
authors: Niemelä
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004326:Drinking; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply