title: Sarpogrelate inhibits serotonin-induced proliferation of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells: implications for long-term graft patency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serotonin can induce proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. We assessed the ability of a specific serotonin receptor antagonist, sarpogrelate, to inhibit proliferation of cultured porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell proliferation and mitotic activity were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. To determine the effect of sarpogrelate on DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), and protein synthesis, radioactive incorporation of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine, and 3H-phenylalanine, respectively, was used. Synthesis of DNA was also assessed by flow cytometry with propidium iodide as a fluorochrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serotonin, platelet-derived growth factor, endothelin, and angiotensin II all induced proliferation of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Sarpogrelate specifically inhibited the serotonin-induced cytokine trigger but did not influence platelet-derived growth factor-, endothelin-, or angiotensin II-induced cell proliferation. Sarpogrelate inhibited the serotonin-induced increase in intracellular free ionized calcium concentration, prevented mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and down-regulated expression of the protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun. Sarpogrelate acted at the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that sarpogrelate could be used as a therapeutic agent to inhibit serotonin-induced neointimal hyperplasia and improve patency of coronary artery bypass grafts.
authors: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Sharma
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Del Rizzo
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Zahradka
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Bhangu
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Werner
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kumamoto
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Takeda
authors: N S
authors: NS
authors: Dhalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013386:Succinates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D013386:Succinates; C064294:sarpogrelate; D012701:Serotonin