title: Comparison of systems performance for TT virus detection using PCR primer sets located in non-coding and coding regions of the viral genome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the heterogeneity of the TT virus (TTV) DNA prevalence values reported from comparable human cohorts suggests that diagnostic PCR protocols still require to be optimized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to design TTV PCR primer sets with low genotype restriction and to compare their performances with commonly used amplification systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  we compared full length TTV genomic sequences and identified conserved nucleotide patterns in the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of the viral genome. This permitted to design two new primer sets usable for the PCR amplification of the most divergent human isolates of TTV described to date. The performances of these amplification systems were compared with those of three other PCR systems earlier used for prevalence studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the primer systems P5Bx and P3Bx exhibited higher PCR scores than the other systems tested; 14 to 34% improvement values were obtained, and divergent positive results of earlier described PCR systems were confirmed systematically by our new detection assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  an optimized detection of TT virus DNA is a pre-requisite for the accurate epidemiological survey of viral infection and for the realization of phylogenetic studies. Such PCR systems with low genotype restriction will be helpful in the future for a better knowledge of natural history of TT virus infection.
authors: Unité des Virus Emergents, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée, 149, Bd Baille, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Biagini
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gallian
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Attoui
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Cantaloube
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Touinssi
authors: P
authors: P
authors: de Micco
authors: X
authors: X
authors: de Lamballerie
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017931:DNA Primers; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral