title: Association of CTLA-4 but not CD28 gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by multiorgan pathology and autoantibodies against a variety of autoantigens. The CD28 and CTLA-4 genes might be candidate genes for SLE, because costimulation signals from CD80/CD86 to CD28/CTLA-4 have been suggested to play an important role in the activation or inactivation of T lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated three polymorphic regions within the CTLA-4 gene, a C/T base exchange in the promoter region -318 (CTLA-4 -318C/T), an A/G substitution in the exon 1 position 49 (CTLA-4 49A/G), an (AT)(n) repeat polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of exon 4 [CTLA-4 3' (AT)(n)], and a CD28 gene polymorphism, a T/C substitution in the intron 3 position +17 (CD28 IVS3+17T/C), in SLE patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SLE patients had significantly higher frequencies of the CTLA-4 49G allele (P=0.003) and of the CTLA-4 (AT)(n) 106 bp allele (P=0.0008) than controls. We also found a strong linkage disequilibrium between the A allele of CTLA-4 49A/G and the 86 bp allele of CTLA-4 3' (AT)(n). On the contrary, no association was found between SLE and CTLA-4 -318C/T or CD28 IVS3 +17T/C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the CTLA-4 gene appears to play a significant role in the development of SLE in the Japanese population.
authors: Departments of Pediatrics and. Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ahmed
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ihara
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kanemitsu
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nakashima
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Otsuka
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Tsuzaka
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Takeuchi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hara
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000069594:Abatacept