title: Mycophenolate mofetil reduces renal cortical inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression and diminishes glomerulosclerosis in MRL/lpr mice.
abstract: Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus glomerulonephritis. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a novel immunosuppressive agent, is currently used in organ transplantation and under evaluation for treatment of autoimmune disorders. Mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite of MMF, has been shown to suppress cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MMF on the expression of renal cortical iNOS mRNA and protection against glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Three-month-old MRL/lpr mice (n = 6) displaying clinical symptoms of glomerulonephritis were treated for 3 months with MMF (90 mg/kg/day) dissolved in a vehicle. Controls were age- and sex-matched mice (n = 6) that received the vehicle alone. By reverse-transcription competitive polymerase chain reaction, we found that the renal cortical iNOS/beta-actin mRNA ratio was reduced by 30.8% (P <.05) in MMF-treated mice. Furthermore, MMF significantly reduced urinary nitrite production and degree of glomerulosclerosis. The glomerular volume was reduced by 17.5% (P <.001). Proteinuria was also significantly reduced in the MMF-treated group. However, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the nuclear binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was not affected by MMF treatment. We conclude that in addition to its immunosuppressive action, MMF may reduce renal cortical iNOS mRNA expression and diminish glomerulosclerosis in MRL/lpr mice independent of modulation of the NF-kappaB pathway.
authors: Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 199 Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei, 105, Taiwan.
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Yu
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Yang
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Wu
authors: Y C
authors: YC
authors: Ko
authors: C T
authors: CT
authors: Huang
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Hong
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D019463:Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003404:Creatinine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid