Chromatin assembly during S phase: contributions from histone deposition, DNA replication and the cell division cycle.
During S phase of the eukaryotic cell division cycle, newly replicated DNA is rapidly assembled into chromatin. Newly synthesised histones form complexes with chromatin assembly factors, mediating their deposition onto nascent DNA and their assembly into nucleosomes. Chromatin assembly factor 1, CAF-1, is a specialised assembly factor that targets these histones to replicating DNA by association with the replication fork associated protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA. Nucleosomes are further organised into ordered arrays along the DNA by the activity of ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and spacing factors such as ATP-utilising chromatin assembly and remodelling factor ACE An additional level of controlling chromatin assembly pathways has become apparent by the observation of functional requirements for cyclin-dependent protein kinases, casein kinase II and protein phosphatases. In this review, we will discuss replication-associated histone deposition and nucleosome assembly pathways, and we will focus in particular on how nucleosome assembly is linked to DNA replication and how it may be regulated by the cell cycle control machinery.
Krude
T
T
University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, United Kingdom. tk1@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
Keller
C
C
D000818:Animals; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056504:Chromatin Assembly Factor-1; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004261:DNA Replication; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056490:Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase
C533593:CHAF1B protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D056504:Chromatin Assembly Factor-1; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; C533557:NAP1L1 protein, human; C104356:NAP1L4 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056490:Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1; D009707:Nucleosomes; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011506:Proteins; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases