Three-dimensional virtual-reality surgical planning and soft-tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery.
Complex maxillofacial malformations continue to present challenges in analysis and correction beyond modern technology. The purpose of this paper is to present a virtual-reality workbench for surgeons to perform virtual orthognathic surgical planning and soft-tissue prediction in three dimensions. A resulting surgical planning system, i.e., three-dimensional virtual-reality surgical-planning and soft-tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery, consists of four major stages: computed tomography (CT) data post-processing and reconstruction, three-dimensional (3-D) color facial soft-tissue model generation, virtual surgical planning and simulation, soft-tissue-change preoperative prediction. The surgical planning and simulation are based on a 3-D CT reconstructed bone model, whereas the soft-tissue prediction is based on color texture-mapped and individualized facial soft-tissue model. Our approach is able to provide a quantitative osteotomy-simulated bone model and prediction of postoperative appearance with photorealistic quality. The prediction appearance can be visualized from any arbitrary viewing point using a low-cost personal-computer-based system. This cost-effective solution can be easily adopted in any hospital for daily use.
Xia
J
J
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Branch, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Ip
H H
HH
Samman
N
N
Wong
H T
HT
Gateno
J
J
Wang
D
D
Yeung
R W
RW
Kot
C S
CS
Tideman
H
H
D006801:Humans; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted