title: [Detection of gangliosides in human milk with a high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ganglioside composition in human milk during lactation, and to evaluate the biological significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gangliosides extracted from 68 milk samples were examined with a high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of total lipid bound sialic acid was 7.8-10.4 microliters/ml. Four gangliosides were found and designated as GM3, GD3, GX1 and GX2, respectively. GX1 and GX2, which had not been described previously, were tentatively assumed to be gangliosides of the c-pathway because they did not react to the GA1 antibody after sialidase treatment. GD3 and GM3 were the major gangliosides in human milk (accounted for 50%-65%). CM3 decreased sharply at eight days postpartum. Both GM3 and GD3 changed significantly during lactation (GM3, r = 0.65, P < 0.01; GD3, r = -0.58, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four gangliosides, GM3, GD3, GX1 and GX2 were found in human milk. Both GM3 and GD3 changed significantly during lactation.
authors: Department of Basic Pediatrics, Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110003, China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Pan
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hua
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides