title: Bladder neck circulation by Doppler ultrasonography in postmenopausal women with urinary stress incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bladder neck circulation in postmenopausal women with genuine urinary stress incontinence (USI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 227 women were enrolled in the study, including 114 postmenopausal women with USI (n = 57) or without USI (n = 57) and 113 premenopausal women with USI (n = 55) or without USI (n = 58). The bladder neck circulation was measured in 31 postmenopausal women with USI and in 12 without USI, all of whom received 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate daily for 6 months. Bladder neck blood flow data detected by perineal color Doppler ultrasonography and weekly urinary diary data were collected before HRT and then 3 and 6 months after beginning HRT. Two-way analysis of variance and repeated measures of variance were used for statistical analysis. Power analysis was done by a two-sided test with a significance level at.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pulsatility index (PI) was significantly higher in the postmenopausal than in the premenopausal women. The postmenopausal women with USI had the highest PI level. The presence of USI did not change the PI values in the premenopausal women. After 3 months of HRT, the PI levels decreased significantly (P <.001) in the postmenopausal women with USI. The subjective improvement of USI appeared after 3 months of HRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The blood flow around the bladder neck in women can be measured by perineal color Doppler ultrasonography. Hormone replacement therapy increases the blood flow around the bladder neck in postmenopausal women with USI. The clinical improvement of USI can be seen with HRT after 3 months.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Tsai
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*