title: Chick ciliary neurotrophic factor is secreted via a nonclassical pathway.
abstract: In contrast to mammalian ciliary neurotrophic factors (CNTFs), chick CNTF is secreted, although it lacks an N-terminal signal. We determined that a 52 aa region of chick CNTF containing an internal hydrophobic domain could direct secretion of rat CNTF. Using a stable cell line that overexpressed chick CNTF, we found that chick CNTF immunoreactivity was punctate throughout the cytosol. Cellular fractionation confirmed chick CNTF to be protected by vesicles. Chick CNTF did not colocalize with fibronectin, calreticulin, wheat germ agglutinin binding sites, or with transferrin receptor. The distribution of chick CNTF was altered neither by brefeldin A nor by chloroquine treatment. Although the punctate pattern of chick CNTF immunoreactivity was not due to reuptake, chick CNTF could be found in a cellular compartment labeled after a brief incubation with dextran microbeads. When synthesized in vitro, chick CNTF did not translocate into microsomes. We conclude that chick CNTF is secreted via a nonclassical pathway.
authors: Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon 97219, USA. reiness@lclark.edu
authors: C G
authors: CG
authors: Reiness
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Seppa
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Dion
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sweeney
authors: D N
authors: DN
authors: Foster
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Nishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012634:Bodily Secretions / Q000502:physiology*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger