[General medicine in France and in Germany: current situation and future trends].
The health care system has been built up, both in France and Germany, on the same Bismarckian model: health insurance is financed by contributions from employers and employees, ambulatory care is provided by GPs and specialists in private practice ... etc... Since the 90's, in both countries, there has been a move to strengthen the prestige of GPs and broaden their functions in view of lowering the cost of the health system. However, cost containment has not been the single objective. Several laws have been voted for initiating the gatekeeping function of GPs, controlling the installation of specialists in ambulatory care (private practice), reducing the free choice of care providers by the patients... At the same time, post-graduate training in general practice has been strengthened. Due to historical and cultural reasons, several differences appear in the two countries. For example, confidentiality is strictly observed in Germany and health ID appears only in the French system. We are at the start of a long process. Its success will depend on two conditions: the generalization of the gatekeeping function (which should be entrusted to GPs) and the separation of physicians' income level from the amount of the services they provide to the patients.
van den Bussche
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Unité de Recherche sur les Soins Primaires et les Systèmes de Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Hambourg.
Kilbinger
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C
D003219:Confidentiality; D003363:Cost Control; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005544:Forecasting; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007587:Job Description; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010819:Physician's Role; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration