title: Mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation: long-term outcome and prognostic significance of patient age and margin status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to determine the long-term outcome for women with mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; intraductal carcinoma) of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery followed by definitive breast irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis was performed of 422 mammographically detected intraductal breast carcinomas in 418 women from 11 institutions in North America and Europe. All patients were treated with breast-conserving surgery followed by definitive breast irradiation. The median follow-up time was 9.4 years (mean, 9.4 years; range, 0.1-19.8 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 15-year overall survival rate was 92%, and the 15-year cause-specific survival rate was 98%. The 15-year rate of freedom from distant metastases was 94%. There were 48 local failures in the treated breast, and the 15-year rate of any local failure was 16%. The median time to local failure was 5.0 years (mean, 5.7 years; range, 1.0-15.2 years). Patient age at the time of treatment and final pathology margin status from the primary tumor excision were both significantly associated with local failure. The 10-year rate of local failure was 31% for patient age < or = 39 years, 13% for age 40-49 years, 8% for age 50-59 years, and 6% for age > or = 60 years (p = 0.0001). The 10-year rate of local failure was 24% when the margins of resection were positive, 9% when the margins of resection were negative, 7% when the margins of resection were close, and 12% when the margins of resection were unknown (p = 0.030). Patient age < or = 39 years and positive margins of resection were both independently associated with an increased risk of local failure (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.023, respectively) in the multivariable Cox regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 15-year results from the present study demonstrated high rates of overall survival, cause-specific survival, and freedom from distant metastases following the treatment of mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast using breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation. Younger age and positive margins of resection were both independently associated with an increased risk of local failure. The 15-year results in the present study serve as an important benchmark for comparison with other treatment modalities. These results support the use of breast-conserving surgery and definitive breast irradiation for the treatment of appropriately selected patients with mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. solin@xrt.upenn.edu
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Solin
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fourquet
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Vicini
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Haffty
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Taylor
authors: B
authors: B
authors: McCormick
authors: M
authors: M
authors: McNeese
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Pierce
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Landmann
authors: I A
authors: IA
authors: Olivotto
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Borger
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: A
authors: A
authors: de la Rochefordiere
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome