title: Electroretinogram analysis of relative spectral sensitivity in genetically identified dichromatic macaques.
abstract: The retinas of macaque monkeys usually contain three types of photopigment, providing them with trichromatic color vision homologous to that of humans. However, we recently used molecular genetic analysis to identify several macaques with a dichromatic genotype. The affected X chromosome of these animals contains a hybrid gene of long-wavelength-sensitive (L) and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) photopigments instead of separate genes encoding L and M photopigments. The product of the hybrid gene exhibits a spectral sensitivity close to that of M photopigment; consequently, male monkeys carrying the hybrid gene are genetic protanopes, effectively lacking L photopigment. In the present study, we assessed retinal expression of L photopigment in monkeys carrying the hybrid gene. The relative sensitivities to middle-wavelength (green) and long-wavelength (red) light were measured by electroretinogram flicker photometry. We found the sensitivity to red light to be extremely low in protanopic male monkeys compared with monkeys with the normal genotype. In female heterozygotes, sensitivity to red light was intermediate between the genetic protanopes and normal monkeys. Decreased sensitivity to long wavelengths was thus consistent with genetic loss of L photopigment.
authors: Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaijicho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hanazawa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mikami
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sulistyo Angelika
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Takenaka
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Goto
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Onishi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Koike
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yamamori
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kato
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kondo
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Suryobroto
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Farajallah
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Komatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003118:Color Perception / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008251:Macaca / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments