title: A randomized study comparing blood glucose control and risk of severe hypoglycemia achieved by non-programmable versus programmable external insulin pumps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare a non-programmable and a programmable insulin external pump using regular insulin on glycemic stability, the risk of severe hypoglycemia and metabolic control in type 1 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten type 1 diabetic patients were involved in a randomized, crossover study comparing two periods of 3 months with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) either with a non-programmable insulin pump or a programmable insulin pump. Comparisons were made among mean blood glucose values before and after meals, at bedtime and at 2: 00 a.m.; the risk of severe hypoglycemia assessed by the low blood glucose index (LBGI); and HbA1c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean average blood glucose (BG) measurements were significantly lower with the programmable in comparison with the non-programmable insulin pump (respectively 157+/-78 vs. 165+/-79, p=0.034). While postprandial values for BG were not different between the two pumps, the use of the programmable pump resulted in a significant decrease in mean preprandial BG levels (140+/-68 vs. 150+/-73 mg/dl p=0.039). Conversely mean BG level was lower at 2 a.m. with the non-prgrammable pump (125+/-81 vs. 134 +/-93 mg/dl, p=0.02) but with a higher incidence of hypoglycemia. Mean LBGI was comparable with the two pumps (3.1+/-8.6 vs. 2.8+/-6.9, p=0.1). There was a 0.2% decrease in HbA1c during the programmable pump period that did not reach statistical significance (p=0.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that programmable external insulin pumps, although more complex and more expensive than non-programmable insulin pumps, significantly reduce fasting glycemia during the day without increasing the risk of severe hypoglycemia and are safer during the night.
authors: University Hospital of Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, 33604 Pessac, France. bogdan.catargi@ph.u-bordeaux2.fr
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Catargi
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Breilh
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gin
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Rigalleau
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Saux
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Roger
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tabarin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose