title: Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products.
abstract: Surveys of cosmetic raw materials and finished products for the presence of the carcinogen 1,4-dioxane have been conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration since 1979. Analytical methods are described for the determination of 1,4-dioxane in ethoxylated cosmetic raw materials and cosmetic finished products. 1,4-Dioxane was isolated by azeotropic atmospheric distillation and determined by gas chromatography using n-butanol as an internal standard. A solid-phase extraction procedure based on a previously published method for the determination of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic finished products was also used. 1,4-Dioxane was found in ethoxylated raw materials at levels up to 1410 ppm, and at levels up to 279 ppm in cosmetic finished products. Levels of 1,4-dioxane in excess of 85 ppm in children's shampoos indicate that continued monitoring of raw materials and finished products is warranted.
authors: US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Black
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Hurley
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Havery
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry*; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000032:analysis*; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003358:Cosmetics; D004146:Dioxanes; D006203:Hair Preparations; D020001:1-Butanol; C025223:1,4-dioxane