title: Retinoic acid promotes differentiation of trophoblast stem cells to a giant cell fate.
abstract: Trophoblast stem cell (TS cell) lines have the ability to differentiate into trophoblast subtypes in vitro and contribute to the formation of placenta in chimeras. In order to investigate the possible role of retinoic acid (RA) in placentation, we analyzed the effects of exogenous RA on TS cells in vitro and the developing ectoplacental cone in vivo. TS cells expressed all subtypes of the retinoid receptor family, with the exception of RARbeta, whose expression was stimulated in response to RA. TS cells treated with RA were compromised in their ability to proliferate and exhibited properties of differentiation into trophoblast giant cells. During TS cell differentiation into trophoblast subtypes induced by withdrawal of FGF4, RA treatment further illustrated its role in the specification of cell fate by the promotion of differentiation into giant cells and the suppression of spongiotrophoblast formation. Moreover, administration of RA during pregnancy resulted in the overabundance of giant cells at the expense of spongiotrophoblast cells. RA hereby acts as an extracellular signal whose potential function can be linked to specification events mediating trophoblast cell fate. Taken together with the spatial patterns of giant-cell formation and RA synthesis in vivo, these findings implicate a function for RA in giant-cell formation during placentation.
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Veterinary Medical Sciences/Animal Resource Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yan
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tanaka
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Oda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Makino
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ohgane
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Shiota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008954:Models, Biological; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin