Spreading depression in human neocortical slices.
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) occurrence has been suggested to be associated with seizures, migraine aura, head injury and brain ischemia-infarction. Only few studies identified CSD in human neocortical slices and no comprehensive study so far evaluated this phenomenon in human. Using the neocortical tissue excised for treatment of intractable epilepsy, we aimed to investigate CSD in human. CSD was induced by KCl injection and by modulating T-type Ca(2+) currents in incubated human neocortical tissues in an interphase mode. The DC-fluctuations were recorded by inserting microelectrodes into different cortical layers. Local injection of KCl triggered single CSD that propagated at 3.1+/-0.1 mm/min. Repetitive CSD also occurred spontaneously during long lasting application (5 h) of the T-type Ca(2+) channel blockers amiloride (50 microM) or NiCl(2) (10 microM) which was concomitant with a reversible extracellular potassium increase up to 50 mM. CSD could be blocked by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid in all cases. The results demonstrate that modulation of the Ca(2+) dynamics conditioned human neocortical slices and increased their susceptibility to generate CSD. Furthermore, these data indicate that glutamatergic pathway plays a role in CSD phenomenon in human.
Gorji
A
A
Institut für Physiologie, Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 27a, Münster 48149, Germany. gorgial@uni-muenster.de
Scheller
D
D
Straub
H
H
Tegtmeier
F
F
Köhling
R
R
Höhling
J M
JM
Tuxhorn
I
I
Ebner
A
A
Wolf
P
P
Werner Panneck
H
H
Oppel
F
F
Speckmann
E J
EJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019579:Neocortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004232:Diuretics; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C022838:nickel chloride; D000584:Amiloride; D009532:Nickel; D011188:Potassium