title: Use of propranolol in heart failure patients: safety, tolerability, and effects on left ventricular function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beta-blockers have been shown to improve prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Propranolol, which is a low-cost drug, has not been fully studied in this setting. We sought to determine the safety, tolerability and effects on left ventricular function observed with the use of propranolol in HF patients, in functional class II-IV of the New York Heart Association.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study in which 20 outpatients (10 male, mean age 56 +/- 12 years, ranging from 20 to 70) were included. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was 28%. Safety, tolerability and effects on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic variables were analyzed. Patients were evaluated in three steps: a) Step I--optimization on conventional drugs and assessment of baseline parameters; b) Step II--start of propranolol (10-20 mg/day), increasing the dose weekly to achieve a heart rate of 60 bpm, or a maximum daily dose of 120 mg; c) Step III--reappraisal of the parameters analyzed in step I, after 3 months of propranolol treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, after treatment with propranolol, EF increased by 52% (p = 0.0003), E wave deceleration time was prolonged by 62% (p = 0.001) and effective ventricular filling time increased by 38.5% (p = 0.0005). Two patients developed mild congestion which was controlled by increasing diuretic doses, with no need to interrupt the protocol. Four patients had bradycardia-related symptoms, controlled by reducing digoxin doses. Nine subjects developed hyperkalemia, reversed by interrupting or reducing spironolactone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propranolol was safe and well tolerated, and had beneficial effects on ventricular function in HF patients. Its impact on mortality requires further study.
authors: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói-RJ.
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Maia
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Villacorta
authors: C G
authors: CG
authors: Subietta
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Munhoz
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Romêo Filho
authors: E T
authors: ET
authors: Mesquita
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011433:Propranolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol