title: An articulating retractor holder to facilitate laparoscopic adrenalectomy and nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimally invasive surgical approaches to renal and adrenal tumors have gained increasing use. The addition of robotic assistance and mechanical devices has decreased the number of assistants required for these often long cases. We describe an articulating arm retractor holder to aid in liver and spleen retraction during laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The articulating retractor holder consists of 4 components, including a base rod, flexible extension arm, stainless steel precision clamp and table attachment. During laparoscopy the abdomen is visualized using standard approaches. The articulating retractor holder is clamped to the table via the base rod and brought into the surgical field using sterile technique. A retractor is placed intracorporeally to elevate the liver or spleen and the handle is secured in place using the precision clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The articulating retractor holder was used in all right and approximately 50% of left laparoscopic cases. Adequate visualization was obtained in all patients. There were no device failures or retractor related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The articulating retractor holder is a useful tool to aid in laparoscopic retraction that should be added to the urologist armamentarium.
authors: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Pautler
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: McWilliams
authors: F S
authors: FS
authors: Harrington
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Walther
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013525:Surgical Instruments