title: Noninvasive investigations of systolic and diastolic heart function in arterial hypertension: from calibrated and differentiated apexcardiography to echocardiography.
abstract: In the early stages of arterial hypertension, increased contractility, demonstrated by calibrated and differentiated apexcardiography is present. Already in this early phase of the disease the criteria of diastolic function, as during isovolumetric period (calibrated and differentiated apexcardiography, M-mode echocardiography) and during transmitral flow, are abnormal. These disturbances occur a long time before a reduction of systolic function can be shown. Diastolic dysfunction is more frequent in hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy. With noninvasive methods it is possible to show that a primary neurohumoral overstimulation--enhanced contractility, normal systolic function--followed by cardiac remodelling and apoptosis with likewise early but progressive morphological disorders--diastolic dysfunction--are the main pathophysiological processes in hypertensive heart and vessel disease. They are decisive for the prognosis and represent the basis for rational organoprotective and also cardioreparative medical treatment.
authors: Facharzt für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Hennigsdorf, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Linss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002138:Calibration; D003971:Diastole; D004453:Echoencephalography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D013599:Systole