Therapeutic ultrasound for gene delivery.
In vitro and in vivo studies using perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin (PESDA) microbubbles to enhance gene delivery are reviewed. In vitro studies show PESDA binds to oligonucleotides and that ultrasound can be used to deposit these nucleotides. In addition, in vitro studies show that drug release from microspheres is dependent on ultrasound transmission frequency as well as pulsed or continuous application. Early in vivo studies confirm that ultrasound in combination with microbubbles can be used to facilitate gene deposition. However, the role of ultrasound targeting gene delivery remains to be determined.
Porter
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TR
University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981165 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-1165, USA. trporter@unmc.edu
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D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
D003287:Contrast Media; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D012709:Serum Albumin; C094311:dextrose albumin solution; D005947:Glucose; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human