title: Cilomilast: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with digoxin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cilomilast is an orally active, selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor currently in clinical development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the tolerability and steady-state pharmacokinetics of cilomilast and digoxin when coadministered at standard therapeutic doses in healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an initial, open-label phase, healthy young adults received cilomilast 15 mg BID for 5 days. After a 7-day washout period, subjects entered a double-blind, crossover phase during which they received oral digoxin (375 microg once daily) for 2 consecutive 14-day periods with no intervening washout period. Cilomilast 15 mg BID or placebo was coadministered during the first 14-day period. Subjects then crossed over to the alternative treatment for the second 14-day period. Blood and urine samples were collected at appropriate times for evaluation of digoxin and cilomilast steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters. The size of the study was sufficient to achieve 90% power to correctly exclude an effect of cilomilast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of the 16 subjects enrolled completed the study. There were 4 withdrawals--1 due to noncompliance, 1 due to a positive drug screening, and 2 due to adverse events. At steady state, cilomilast 15 mg BID had no significant effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin, with 90% CIs for both primary end points--area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) over a 24-hour dosing interval and minimum plasma concentration--completely contained within the specified interval for equivalence (0.80-1.25). A mean reduction in maximum observed plasma concentration of digoxin of 11% was observed during coadministration with cilomilast, and time to maximum concentration was delayed by a median of 1 hour, suggesting a small reduction in the rate of digoxin absorption. Digoxin did not appear to markedly affect cilomilast steady-state pharmacokinetics. The most frequently reported adverse event was headache.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cilomilast 15 mg BID had no clinically significant effect on steady-state AUC or on predose trough plasma concentrations of digoxin (375 microg once daily). The steady-state pharmacokinetics of cilomilast 15 mg BID were similar whether administered alone or with digoxin at steady state (375 microg once daily).
authors: Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Welwyn, United Kingdom. Barry_Zussman@sbphrd.com
authors: B D
authors: BD
authors: Zussman
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kelly
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Murdoch
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Clark
authors: Mbchb
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schubert
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Collie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D004077:Digoxin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D004077:Digoxin; C433247:Cilomilast