title: Urinary tract infection in children associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of symptomatic non-calculous idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) with urinary tract infection (UTI) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case review of children who had urinary calcium excretion greater than 2 mg/kg/day or random urine calcium-creatinine ratio (UCa/UCr) greater than 0.18 mg/mg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-four consecutive children with clinical complaints and elevated urine calcium excretion were reviewed. Fifty children (40%) had UTI of which 39 (78%) had recurrent UTI. There was no difference in age between children with UTI and those without UTI. Twenty-four-hour urine calcium and random UCa/UCr were also not different. Only 4 children (8%) had renal stones whereas hematuria, abdominal pain and urine incontinence were frequent associated findings. Six of the children with recurrent UTI (15%) had an anatomical urinary tract abnormality. Therapy in all children consisted of increased fluid intake and reduction in diet sodium and oxalate; however, 14 of the 39 children with recurrent UTI (36%) required therapy with a thiazide diuretic. Recurrent UTI was abolished in 24 children, one child had a single recurrence and 4 children had no response to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that non-calculous IH may be an important contributing factor to recurrent UTI in children.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, USA. vprayong@ratree.psu.ac.th
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Vachvanichsanong
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Malagon
authors: E S
authors: ES
authors: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium