title: Intraoperative B-mode endosonography of tongue carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exact estimation of a tumor's size and definition of adequate resection margins in carcinomas of the tongue are often difficult because of the tumor's extension and deep infiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a method that allows intraoperative visualization and marking of tumor margins: intraoperative endosonography was performed in five patients with carcinomas of the tongue with an 8- to 12-MHz linear array transducer. The oral cavity was flooded with normal saline solution, and the transducer was immersed therein. This allowed scanning in a noncontact mode. The tumor margins were marked with a surgical suture under endosonographic monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the five patients studied, histologic margins corresponded to sonographic margins. The sonographic marking proved to be useful during the resection of the tumor, and histologic safety margins were respected in each case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This noninvasive procedure provides a quick and reliable orientation during resection of tongue carcinoma, and a more precise and individual definition of resection margins is possible. Intraoperative noncontact use of endosonography is a promising method, and further studies may confirm this.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Matthias_Helbig@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Helbig
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Flechtenmacher
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hansmann
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dietz
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Tasman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*