title: Late medical complications and fatigue in Hodgkin's disease survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term medical complications, such as cardiac, pulmonary, and thyroid dysfunction, are frequent among Hodgkin's disease survivors (HDSs). Chronic fatigue is also highly prevalent among HDSs. Few studies have explored possible etiologic explanations for fatigue. The aim of this study was to explore whether late cardiac, pulmonary, and thyroid complications after curative treatment for Hodgkin's disease (HD) may explain the high level of fatigue among HDSs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-hundred fifty-nine patients treated for HD at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 1971 to 1991 were included in a cross-sectional, follow-up study of subjective health status. Fatigue (physical [PF] and mental), was measured by the Fatigue Questionnaire. A subcohort of the HDSs (116 patients) treated from 1980 to 1988 were included in a separate study in which long-term cardiac, pulmonary, and thyroid complications were assessed. All patients had received radiotherapy, and 63 patients had received additional chemotherapy. The present study comprised 92 patients (mean age, 37 years; range, 23 to 56 years) who participated in both studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HDSs with pulmonary dysfunction were more fatigued than HDSs with normal pulmonary function (PF 10.9 v 8.9; P <.05). Gas transfer impairment was the most prevalent pulmonary dysfunction, and three times as many patients with gas transfer impairment reported chronic fatigue (duration, 6 months or longer), compared with patients without pulmonary dysfunction (48% v 17%, P <.01). No associations were found between cardiac sequelae or hypothyroidism and fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary dysfunction is associated with fatigue in HDSs. Cardiac sequelae was not associated with fatigue in HDSs. We question the absence of an association between thyroid complications and fatigue.
authors: Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. heidi.knobel@medisin.ntnu.no
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Knobel
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Håvard Loge
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Lund
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Forfang
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Nome
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kaasa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010807:Physical Endurance