title: Lid retractors desinsertion in acquired ptosis and involutional lower lid entropion: surgical implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An association exists between upper and/or lower lid retractors' desinsertion and acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion.
  
  
  METHODS
  By highlighting the similarities that exist in the anatomy of the upper and lower lid retractors a possible pathophysiological mechanism leading to acquired ptosis and involutional lower lid entropion is suggested. As a logical consequence, in case of desinsertion, it is proposed to reattach the lid retractors to the tarsus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With this simple "physiological" surgical approach it is possible to treat with success a great majority of acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repairing upper and/or lower lid retractors' desinsertion can cure acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion.
authors: Oculoplastic Surgery Unit, University Eye Clinic Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, PO Box, CH-4012 Basel.
authors: I O
authors: IO
authors: Haefliger
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Piffaretti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004774:Entropion / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*