title: Six month administration of gelified intranasal insulin in 16 type 1 diabetic patients under multiple injections: efficacy vs subcutaneous injections and local tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasal insulin administration is a potential route for intensive insulin management, less invasive and more rapid than subcutaneous injections. Previous studies have shown poor bioavailability (less than 15%) with nasal insulin administration with various absorption enhancers. The aim of the study was to evaluate in type 1 diabetic patients, the metabolic efficacy and local tolerance of a new gelified sprayed nasal insulin containing glychocolate and methylcellulose as absorption promoters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in 16 type 1 diabetic patients (HbA1c 8.6+/-0.2%) in a cross-over trial including 2 six month randomized periods: a) NPH twice daily + 3 pre-prandial nasal insulin doses + nasal supplementation in case of unexpected hyperglycaemia; b) NPH twice daily + 3 pre-prandial regular insulin injections. End points were HbA1c levels, hypoglycaemic episodes and tolerance evaluated at month 0, 2, 6 and 8 on clinical symptoms and objective nasal assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients were withdrawn because of nasal burning (3 cases) and persistent sinusitis (1 case), and one patient had purulent sinusitis at the month 6 examination. At month 6, HbA1c levels were comparable (8.3 +/- 0.1 vs 8.6 +/- 0.1%, m +/- SEM, NS) for nasal and subcutaneous period respectively. The number of hypoglycaemic events was identical during the 2 periods (88 episodes). Nasal tolerance with the gelified form was better than with the already reported lyophilized form but, when present, symptoms were more marked, suggesting a potentiating additional role of methylcellulose excipient on nasal intolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) Gelified nasal insulin is as efficient as subcutaneous regular insulin in type 1 diabetic patients. 2) Other galenic forms should be investigated to improve nasal tolerance and bioavailability.
authors: Diabetes Department, INSERM U341, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France. Dr.lalej-bennis@wanadoo.fr
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Lalej-Bennis
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Boillot
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bardin
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Zirinis
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Coste
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Escudier
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Chast
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Peynegre
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Slama
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Selam
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007336:Insulin, Isophane