Identification of risk factors for exertional heat-related illnesses in long-distance cyclists: experience from the California AIDS Ride.
OBJECTIVE
To identify risk factors for exertional heat-related illnesses and to determine if patients who are afflicted with the human immunodeficiency virus or have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have an increased risk of exertional heat-related illness.


METHODS
Descriptive, retrospective, matched case-control study.


METHODS
Mobile community of 2,650 participants in the California AIDS Ride 3.


METHODS
Participants included 117 patients presenting for medical care with heat-related illnesses and 234 age-, gender-, and registration site-matched control subjects who did not develop a heat-related illness.


METHODS
Retrospective, matched case-control study utilizing univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression to determine if human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity, the number of chronic medical illnesses, or the number of current medications known to affect heat dissipation increased the risk of exertional heat-related illnesses.


RESULTS
The multivariate model revealed that patients with a greater number of chronic medical illnesses were at a significantly increased risk of a heat-related illness (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.1). The number of current medications (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.8-1.5) and human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2-3.1) were not significant predictors of risk for exertional heat-related illness.


CONCLUSIONS
Those riders suffering from a greater number of chronic medical illnesses were at a greater risk for developing an exertional heat-related illness. Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity alone was not associated with increased risk of exertional heat-related illness.
Krueger-Kalinski
M A
MA
University of California, UCLA School of Medicine, USA. michkruege@aol.com
Schriger
D L
DL
Friedman
L
L
Votey
S R
SR
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018883:Heat Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index