title: Vitamin supplement use and breast cancer in a North Carolina population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laboratory data suggest that several different vitamins may inhibit the growth of mammary cancers, however epidemiologic data on the relationship between vitamin supplement use and breast cancer are inconsistent. We examined the association between self-reported vitamin supplement use and breast cancer among black women and white women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data came from a population-based, case-control study conducted in North Carolina between 1993 and 1996. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer associated with the use of multivitamins or individual vitamin supplements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible cases were aged 20 to 74, and approximately 40% of the study population were black women. The analyses included 861 cases and 790 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all women, there was little evidence for an association between any vitamin supplement and breast cancer. Modest inverse associations were observed among white women for use of multivitamins 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-1.12), vitamin C 95% CI: 0.54-1.14) and vitamin E 95% CI: 0.49-1.13). There was no evidence that vitamin supplements reduced the risk of breast cancer among black women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided very limited support for the hypothesis that vitamin supplements may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Although dietary factors are likely an important influence in breast cancer aetiology, reductions in risk are most likely to be achieved through dietary modification rather than through vitamin supplementation.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. patricia.moorman@duke.edu
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Moorman
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Ricciuti
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Millikan
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Newman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid