title: In vitro effect of oral antiseptics on human immunodeficiency virus-1 and herpes simplex virus type 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antiviral effectiveness of widely used commercial mouthrinses has not been well studied. A project was undertaken to evaluate and compare the in vitro antiviral effectiveness of essential oil-containing mouthrinses (LA & TLA) and chlorhexidine mouthrinses (PX & CHX) on 2 different enveloped viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) McIntyre strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1(89.6) (1x10(5)/ml) and HSV-1 (1x10(6)/ml) in RPMI-1640 medium were treated with two commercially available forms of LA & TLA (tartar control LA), and 2 formulations of chlorhexidine [(PX), 0.12% chlorhexidine & (CHX), 0.2% chlorhexidine] for 30 sec. The antiviral effect was estimated by inhibition of the syncytia formation or the cytopathic effect (CPE) for HIV-1 on MT-2 cells and by inhibition of the plaque formation for HSV-1 on Vero cell monolayers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Undiluted LA, TLA, PX and CHX completely inhibited both HIV-189.6 and HSV-1 McIntyre strain. PX and CHX inhibited HIV-1 up to 1:4 dilution, whereas, LA and TLA inhibited HSV-1 up to 1:2 dilution. The antiviral effects of LA and TLA were found to be similar and also the antiviral effect of PX and CHX were also found to be comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods used in this investigation allow easy and reproducible evaluations of antiviral efficacy. The anti-HIV-1 and anti-HSV-1 effects of LA, TLA, PX and CHX as evidenced in our in vitro study suggest that we should investigate potential in vivo effects during the use of essential oil-containing or chlorhexidine containing products when used by patients as mouthrinses. If the clinical studies confirm the in vitro data, pre-procedural use by clinicians may be beneficial in reducing viral contamination of bio-aerosols during the delivery of dental care.
authors: Department of Oral Medicine and OCBS,Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. tfm001@dental.umaryland.edu
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Baqui
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Kelley
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Jabra-Rizk
authors: L G
authors: LG
authors: Depaola
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: Falkler
authors: T F
authors: TF
authors: Meiller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012459:Salicylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; C057473:Listerine; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine