When all else fails....
Endodontic surgery may be indicated if orthograde endodontic treatment cannot be carried out or is unsuccessful. Advances in instruments, materials and techniques have made surgical endodontics a more predictable procedure. A complex case that required surgical intervention is presented to illustrate this point.
Cohn
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D000368:Aged; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000379:methods; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; D006801:Humans; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*
D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D003094:Collagen; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002133:Calcium Sulfate