title: Lead chelation therapy and urate excretion in patients with chronic renal diseases and gout.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is known that chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) patients with gout may have subtle lead poisoning. In addition, gout episodes frequently aggravate progressive renal insufficiency because of the use of nephrotoxic drugs and urate deposition. Our study was arranged to evaluate the causal effect of environmental lead exposure on urate excretion in CRI patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-section study and a randomized, controlled trial were performed. Initially, 101 patients with CRI and without a history of previous lead exposure received ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid mobilization tests to assess body lead stores (BLS). Then, a clinical trial was performed; 30 CRI patients with gout and high-normal BLS and the changes of urate excretion in these patients were compared before and after lead chelating therapy. The treated group received four-week chelating therapy, and the control group received a placebo therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BLS of patients with CRI and gout was higher than that of patients with CRI only, and none had subtle lead poisoning. The BLS, not the blood lead level (BLL), significantly correlated to indices of urate excretion in all CRI patients after related factors were adjusted. In addition, after lead chelating therapy, urate clearance markedly improved after a reduction of the BLS of patients with CRI and gout (study group 67.9 +/- 80.0% vs. control group 1.2 +/- 34.0%, P = 0.0056).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the chronic low-level environmental lead exposure may interfere with urate excretion of CRI patients. Importantly, the inhibition of urate excretion can be markedly improved by lead chelating therapies. These data shed light on additional treatment of CRI patients with gout; however, more studies are needed to confirm our findings.
authors: Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. jllin99@hotmail.com
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Lin
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Yu
authors: D T
authors: DT
authors: Lin-Tan
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001822:Body Burden; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D014527:Uric Acid; D007854:Lead; D004492:Edetic Acid