title: Temperature effect on nausea during fluorescein angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nausea is the most common adverse effect of fluorescein angiography (FA). Warming of fluorescein dye before injection has been reported anecdotally to decrease nausea frequency. We examined the effect of warmed fluorescein dye on the frequency of adverse effects of FA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred forty-seven angiograms performed on 394 patients; 273 were in the control group and 274 were in the study group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were alternately assigned to FA using dye at room temperature (control group) or dye prewarmed to body temperature (study group). All patients were masked to the dye temperature. After FA, patients were questioned regarding any adverse effects experienced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence or absence of reported nausea associated with FA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse reactions were reported for 39 of the angiograms (7.1%), including 32 procedures for which nausea was reported (5.9%). No significant difference in the frequency of adverse reactions was found between the two groups (P = 0.41). No significant difference in the frequency of nausea was found between the two groups (P = 0.28). The sample sizes used allow an 80% power for detecting a clinically significant difference of 4% adverse effects in one group and 10% in the other group when testing at a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warming of fluorescein dye does not significantly alter the incidence of nausea reported with FA.
authors: Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Lee
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Hainsworth
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Hamm
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Madsen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019793:Fluorescein