title: May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain for detection of spermatogenic cells in the ejaculate: a simple predictive parameter for successful testicular sperm retrieval.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have become standard treatments for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. A diagnostic testicular biopsy for histopathological examination is not always predictive of TESE outcome. Moreover, it is not without potential complications. The aim of this study was to determine the value of various clinical and laboratory parameters, particularly identification of seminal spermatids using May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain in predicting TESE results.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia was subjected to clinical examination, serum FSH measurement, identification of seminal spermatids and spermatocytes using MGG staining and TESE with multiple testicular sampling. Spermatozoa were retrieved from 49% of patients. Results of TESE were compared with previous parameters in addition to histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Testicular histopathology was, in general, an inaccurate parameter, and identification of testicular spermatids by histology predicted successful TESE in only 74% of cases. Testicular volume and serum FSH concentration also had poor predictive values. Round spermatids were identified in the ejaculate of 83.7% of TESE-positive cases, and in 22% of TESE-negative cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of round spermatids in semen by MGG staining provides the greatest predictive value for successful testicular sperm retrieval, and also has the advantages of simplicity, low cost and availability.
authors: Andrology Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. mkamer@mednet3.camed.eun.eg
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Amer
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Abd Elnasser
authors: S
authors: S
authors: El Haggar
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mostafa
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Abdel-Malak
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Zohdy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004542:Ejaculation; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue; D008875:Middle Aged; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013087:Spermatids / Q000473:pathology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; C043260:May-Grunwald Giemsa; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D008751:Methylene Blue; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS)