title: The natural history of idiopathic urethrorrhagia in boys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the presenting symptoms, evaluation and natural history of urethrorrhagia in boys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 27 consecutive toilet trained boys with idiopathic urethrorrhagia were retrospectively reviewed for information regarding age, symptoms, symptom duration, physical examination, and radiographic, endoscopic and laboratory data. Patient interviews were performed, and the resolution rate, symptom duration and associated urological abnormalities were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at presentation was 10.1 years. Symptoms included urethrorrhagia in 100% and dysuria in 29.6% of cases. Radiographic and laboratory evaluations were normal in all patients except for microscopic hematuria in 57%. Cystourethroscopy in 4 patients revealed bulbar urethral inflammation without stricture in 2. A total of 24 patients (89%) were followed an average of 37 months (range 10 to 106). Complete resolution developed in 46% of cases at 6 months, in 71% at 1 year and in 91.7% overall. The average duration of symptoms was 9.9 months (range 2 weeks to 38 months). In 2 boys (8.3%) urethrorrhagia persisted for 22 and 28 months, and in 1 cystoscopy revealed urethral stricture. Self-limiting urethrorrhagia recurred in 2 patients (8.3%) after initial resolution. Treatment consisted of watchful waiting in all patients except 1 with urethral stricture, who underwent urethral dilation. After urethrorrhagia resolved epididymo-orchitis recurred in 1 case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine radiographic, laboratory and endoscopic evaluation is unnecessary for evaluating urethrorrhagia. Watchful waiting is indicated because the condition resolves in 71% and 91.7% of patients at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Evaluation should be considered in patients with prolonged urethrorrhagia because urethral stricture may be identified.
authors: Division of Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Walker
authors: E D
authors: ED
authors: Ellison
authors: B W
authors: BW
authors: Snow
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Cartwright
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000175:diagnosis