title: Nitric oxide production by macrophages of dogs vaccinated with killed Leishmania infantum promastigotes.
abstract: Human visceral leishmaniosis is endemic in Southern Italy, where the dog is the main reservoir of viscerotropic strains of Leishmania infantum. The release of nitric oxide (NO) by interferon (IFN)-gamma-activated macrophages is an important leishmanicidal mechanism in several animal species. In this work NO production, phagocytosis and killing capacity of monocyte-derived dog macrophages were evaluated in vitro before and after administration of a vaccine composed of killed Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Moreover, IFN-gamma content was measured in concanavalin A-activated dog peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants employed for macrophage stimulation. Phagocytosis, killing capacity and NO production by canine macrophages increased significantly 1 month after vaccine administration, and the increase also persisted 5 months later. In addition, the amount of IFN-gamma in PBMC supernatants was significantly higher after vaccination. Overall, our results suggest the usefulness of evaluating the in vivo protective role of this promastigote preparation in dogs.
authors: Dipartimento di Anatomia Umana e Istologia, University of Bari, Istloogia Policlinico, Italy. ma.panaro@anatomia.uniba.it
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Panaro
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Acquafredda
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lisi
authors: D D
authors: DD
authors: Lofrumento
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Mitolo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sisto
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fasanella
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Trotta
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Bertani
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Consenti
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Brandonisio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007558:Italy; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000592:standards; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D003208:Concanavalin A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma