title: Depressive disorders and personality variables in HIV positive and negative intravenous drug-users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a few reports investigated the prevalence of depression in intravenous drug-users with HIV infection, including both asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. In the same group, the association of depression and personality diagnoses was also poorly researched.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of intravenous drug-users was collected from patients admitted to an infectious disease clinic, another random sample was taken from out-patients attending a methadone maintenance treatment program. Subjects were first screened with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and then all positive subjects were evaluated with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IIIR. In-patients were also given a structured personality inventory (Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-positive patients had a high rate of depression (major depression 36.2%, dysthymic disorder 7.1%) when compared to HIV-negatives (15.7 and 3.9%, respectively). In-patients had the highest rate of depression, irrespective of HIV clinical staging. A personality disorder was diagnosed in 36% of the sample, but these subjects were no more significantly depressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor detection of depression by the admitting physician may have led to selective hospitalization of patients with both HIV and mood disorder. The composition of the sample may also be biased by the help-seeking behavior of HIV patients who are also depressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians treating AIDS patients should be alerted to the high rate of depression in clinical HIV illness, in order to identify and properly treat depression.
authors: University Psychiatric Service, University School of Medicine and Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy. turrina@bshosp.osp.unibs.it
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Turrina
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fiorazzo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Turano
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Cacciani
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Regini
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Castelli
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sacchetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012803:Sick Role; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone