title: Determination of heavy metals and pesticides in ginseng products.
abstract: Medicinal plants may carry residuals of environmentally persistent pesticides or assimilate heavy metals in varying degrees. Several factors may influence contaminant accumulation, including species, level and duration of contaminant exposure, and topography. As part of a program for assessment of the quality of herbal medicines, we have analyzed 21 over-the-counter ginseng (Panax ginseng) products in various dosage forms. Chromium, mercury, and arsenic were undetectable above their limits of detection in both liquid and solid samples; while cadmium, lead, and nickel were present in the majority of samples. The chlorinated pesticide levels varied widely. In most samples, the total concentration of pesticides was below 100 ppb; while in 5 samples the total concentration exceeded 100 ppb.
authors: University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Center for Natural Products Research, University 38677, USA.
authors: I A
authors: IA
authors: Khan
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Allgood
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Walker
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Abourashed
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Schlenk
authors: W H
authors: WH
authors: Benson
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010575:Pesticides; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic