title: Rate of visual field loss and long-term visual outcome in primary open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term visual field outcome in primary open-angle glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study, 40 eyes of 40 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure and a minimum of 8-year longitudinal series of visual fields were plotted with Goldmann perimeter. Eyes with any other ocular disease except cataract were excluded. Manual grid templates were used to quantify the visual fields. Linear regression was performed to estimate the rate of visual field decline. Pertinent clinical factors were evaluated for statistical association with the rate of decline. Long-term clinical outcome including visual acuity, rate of legal blindness, and rate of medical and surgical interventions was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 40 eyes studied, with a mean follow-up of 14 years, the visual field score decreased at the rate of -1.5% per year. Overall, 68% showed significant decrease, and the rate of decrease among these eyes was -2.1% per year. Five eyes became legally blind from glaucoma; the cumulative rate of blindness from glaucoma was 19% at 22 years. Higher intraocular pressure and greater number of antiglaucoma medications on initial presentation were associated with faster and slower deterioration of visual field (compared with the average), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With standard glaucoma therapy, the rate of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma is slow. Lower intraocular pressure and more antiglaucoma medications are associated with slower visual field decline. Legal blindness from glaucoma is 19% over a follow-up of 22 years.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA. young-kwon@uiowa.edu
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Kwon
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Kim
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Zimmerman
authors: W L
authors: WL
authors: Alward
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Hayreh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields