title: New trends in regulatory rules and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin.
abstract: Since the introduction in the 1940s of antibiotics as drugs against bacterial infections in human and then veterinary medicine, two major events have caused a shift in the antibiotherapy era: (1) the emergence of resistant bacteria and (2) the awareness of the limits of new drug development. It rapidly became urgent to set up measures in order to evaluate the importance of resistant bacteria and their origin as well as to limit the dissemination of resistant vectors (bacteria and bacterial genes). This led to the establishment of guidelines and regulatory rules necessary for risk assessment and clearly dependent upon monitoring and research organisations. At a veterinary level, the possible dissemination of multiresistant bacteria from animals to humans, through feeding, urged various national European and international institutions to give general recommendations to monitor and contain the emergence and diffusion of resistant strains. This paper gives an overview of the evolution of regulatory rules and monitoring systems dealing with multiresistant bacteria.
authors: Agence Francaise de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Site de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherches en Pathologie Bovine et Hygiène des Viandes, France. jl.martel@lyon.afssa.fr
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Martel
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Tardy
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sanders
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Boisseau
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005060:Europe; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary