title: Low HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood monocytes predicts bacterial sepsis after liver transplantation: relation with prednisolone intake.
abstract: Bacterial sepsis remains a frequent complication after liver transplantation. We previously reported the results of a pilot study that suggested that low expression of HLA-DR on monocytes is a predictive marker for the occurrence of sepsis. We have studied the value of this marker in an additional cohort of patients, and have analyzed the relation of HLA-DR expression with the use of immunosuppressive agents. 20 adult liver transplantation patients were prospectively monitored during the first 4 weeks after transplantation. All were treated according to standard protocols. The percentage of monocytes expressing HLA-DR was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, the effects of incubation of monocytes with prednisolone in vitro on the expression of HLA-DR was determined in 7 healthy volunteers. Seven patients developed bacterial sepsis after a median 15 (range 10-20) days after transplantation. HLA-DR expression was significantly lower in these patients on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation compared with non-septic patients. The percentage of HLA-DR positive monocytes was 30% or less, 3 (1-8) days before onset of sepsis. On day 7 after transplantation, HLA-DR expression on 50% or less of monocytes had a positive predictive value for sepsis of 71%, whereas the negative predictive value was 85%. Patients who developed sepsis received significantly more prednisolone. Incubation with prednisolone in vitro lowered the expression of HLA-DR in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that low HLA-DR expression on monocytes is a marker for a high risk of subsequent sepsis in liver transplantation patients. This high risk may be (at least partly) related to the dose of prednisolone.
authors: Liver Transplant Group Groningen; Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Haveman
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: van den Berg
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: van den Berk
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mesander
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Slooff
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: de Leij
authors: T H
authors: TH
authors: The
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B