title: How and why exercise is impaired in COPD.
abstract: Published data indicate that exercise in COPD is more often limited by leg effort than breathlessness. This casts some doubt on the classical belief that inability to ventilate limits exercise performance. In fact, symptoms limiting exercise appear to be essentially the same in COPD and in health or congestive heart failure, where exercise is limited by inadequate energy supply to locomotor muscles. In COPD, impaired O2 delivery to locomotor muscles is suggested by: (1) the O2 cost (VO2) of breathing may be approximately 50% of whole body VO2; (2) decreasing the work of breathing improves performance and VO2 of locomotor muscles, and (3) locomotor muscle VO2 is greater when it is the only muscle exercising than during whole body exercise. Excessive expiratory pressures when expiratory flow is limited may lead to decreased venous return and contribute importantly to exercise limitation.
authors: Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, and Centro di Bioingegneria of the Fondazione Don Gnocchi ONLUS-IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Italia. aliverti@mail.cbi.polimi.it
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Aliverti
authors: P T
authors: PT
authors: Macklem
mesh_terms: D002302:Cardiac Output; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver