title: Deficits and remedy of the standard random effects methods in meta-analysis.
abstract: The random effects model is often used in meta-analyses. A corresponding significance test based on a normal approximation has been established. Its type I error is derived in this article by theoretical considerations and computer simulations. The test can be conservative as well as unacceptably anti-conservative. The anti-conservatism increases with the increasing number of patients and the decreasing number of studies. A modification is proposed, which keeps the nominal level asymptotically as the number of patients approaches infinity. Simulations show that the modified test is often conservative, but its conservatism is small in those situations where the standard test is highly anti-conservative.
authors: Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany. s.ziegler@mds-ev.de
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ziegler
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Koch
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Victor
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016017:Odds Ratio