title: Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling pathway by the antiapoptotic agents aurintricarboxylic acid and evans blue.
abstract: Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), an endonuclease inhibitor, prevents the death of a variety of cell types in culture. Previously we have shown that ATA, similar to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), protected MCF-7 cells against apoptotic death induced by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Here we show that ATA and a polysulfonated aromatic compound, Evans blue (EB), similar to IGF-I, promote survival and increase proliferation of MCF-7 cells in serum-free culture medium. This may suggest a common signaling pathway shared by the aromatic polyanions and IGF-I. Therefore, the ability of these aromatic compounds to activate the signal transduction pathway of IGF-I was examined. We found that ATA and EB mimicked the IGF-I effect on tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and its major substrates, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2; induced the association of these substrates with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Grb2; and activated Akt kinase and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases. ATA and EB competed for IGF-I binding to the IGF-IR. ATA was found to be selective for the IGF-IR, whereas EB also activated the insulin receptor. Upon fractionation of commercial ATA by size exclusion chromatography, we found that fractions that enhanced the intensity of tyrosyl-phosphorylated IRS-1/IRS-2 also increased the survival of MCF-7 cells in the presence of cycloheximide, whereas fractions devoid of IRS phosphorylation activity had no survival ability. Taken together, these results suggest that the survival/proliferation-promoting effects of ATA and EB in MCF-7 cells are transduced via the IGF-IR signaling pathway.
authors: Institute of Endocrinology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Beery
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Haimsohn
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Wertheim
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hemi
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Nir
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Karasik
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kanety
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Geier
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005070:Evans Blue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid; D005070:Evans Blue; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C526297:IRS2 protein, human; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; C494918:AKT1 protein, human