title: Anatomical and functional results of pubovaginal sling procedure using polypropylene mesh for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anatomical and functional results of pubovaginal sling procedure using polypropylene mesh were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 women with stress urinary incontinence, including 26 with type 2, 7 with mixed type 2/3 and 17 with type 3 disease, underwent the pubovaginal sling procedure using polypropylene mesh. A self-fashioned 2 cm. polypropylene mesh sling was used in all cases. The slings were fixed without tension at each side of the bladder neck. The sling was further suspended to elevate the bladder neck in patients with type 2 disease and those with a hypermobile bladder base, while it was placed without further tension in those with type 3 disease and those with a nonmobile bladder base. After the operation video urodynamics and transrectal sonography were done to evaluate functional and anatomical results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median followup of 24 months 42 women were cured, 6 had improvement and treatment had failed in 2. Although the maximum flow rate increased, no changes were noted in detrusor pressure, post-void residual urine or cystometric capacity at month 3. Transrectal sonography revealed that mean sling width plus or minus standard deviation had decreased to 13.5 +/- 3.3 mm. at 3 months. The endopelvic fascia was thicker in women with type 2 than in those with types 2/3 or 3 disease (mean 5.3 +/- 1.5 versus 3.5 +/- 1.3 mm., p = 0.001). The position of bladder neck on video urodynamics was elevated a mean of 2.01 +/- 2.01 and 3.07 +/- 2.07 cm. compared to baseline elevation during resting and straining, respectively (p = 0). No hypermobility was noted while the patients coughed and no kinking of the urethra was observed while they performed the Valsalva maneuver. Detrusor instability resolved in 6 of 8 women (75%) and new onset detrusor instability was noted in 7 (14%). In 2 women with persistent stress urinary incontinence a repeat sling procedure was necessary to treat type 3 disease and cure incontinence. The overall success rate was 96%. One patient with sling erosion into the vaginal wall was treated with simple revision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fixation of a polypropylene mesh sling at the bladder neck and adequate suspension may effectively achieve a hammock effect without creating bladder outlet obstruction in patients with types 2 and 2/3 stress urinary incontinence. The anatomical and functional results of this study show that a well suspended bladder neck did not create bladder outlet obstruction after a pubovaginal sling procedure using polypropylene mesh.
authors: Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: H C
authors: HC
authors: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011126:Polypropylenes; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011126:Polypropylenes