title: Bilateral absence of the superior vena cava.
abstract: Congenital anomalies of the superior vena cava are rare and often coexist with other cardiac abnormalities. In this report, we present a case of absent bilateral superior vena cava with no associated cardiac anomaly. Blood from the arms, head, and upper torso returned to the right atrium through the azygos vein and the inferior vena cava, mimicking chronic superior vena cava obstruction.
authors: University Department of Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, England.
authors: R N
authors: RN
authors: Saunders
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Richens
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: Morris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010690:Phlebography; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging