title: Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling sensitizes endothelial cells to TNF-alpha cytotoxicity.
abstract: Bovine carotid artery endothelial (BAE) cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), like most other cells. We examined if mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase/Akt pathways are involved in this effect. In BAE cells, TNF activates MAP kinase in a MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) manner and Akt in PI3-kinase-dependent manner. Pretreatment with either the MEK1 inhibitor U0126 or PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 sensitized BAE cells to TNF-induced apoptosis. Neither U0126 nor LY294002 pretreatment affected TNF-induced activation of NF-kappaB, suggesting that the MAP kinase or PI3-kinase/Akt-mediated anti-apoptotic effect induced by TNF was not relevant to NF-kappaB activation. Both MAP kinase and PI3-kinase/Akt -mediated signaling could prevent cytochrome c release and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsi) decrease. PI3-kinase/Akt signaling attenuated caspase-8 activity, whereas MAP kinase signaling impaired caspase-9 activity. These results suggest that TNF-induced MAP kinase and PI3-kinase/Akt signaling play important roles in protecting BAE cells from TNF cytotoxicity.
authors: Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Himi
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Morita
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Murota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D002867:Chromones; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009025:Morpholines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009570:Nitriles; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C113580:U 0126; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one