Spontaneous changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured neurons.
Using the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m))-sensitive fluorescent dyes 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), we have observed spontaneous changes in the DeltaPsi(m) of cultured forebrain neurons. These fluctuations in DeltaPsi(m) appear to represent partial, transient depolarizations of individual mitochondria. The frequency of these DeltaPsi(m) fluctuations can be significantly lowered by exposure to a photo-induced oxidant burden, an ATP synthase inhibitor, or a glutamate-induced sodium load, without changing overall JC-1 fluorescence intensity. These spontaneous fluctuations in JC-1 signal were not inhibited by altering plasma membrane activity with tetrodotoxin or MK-801 or by blocking the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) with cyclosporin A. Neurons loaded with TMRM showed similar, low-amplitude, spontaneous fluctuations in DeltaPsi(m). We hypothesize that these DeltaPsi(m) fluctuations are dependent on the proper functioning of the mitochondria and reflect mitochondria alternating between the active and inactive states of oxidative phosphorylation.
Buckman
J F
JF
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
Reynolds
I J
IJ
D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D016548:Prosencephalon; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000378:metabolism; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002118:Calcium; D002232:Carbocyanines; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D012235:Rhodamines; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; C401833:tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; C068624:5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine