title: The antiviral resistance and replication of cidofovir-resistant adenovirus variants in the New Zealand White rabbit ocular model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the antiviral resistance of three cidofovir (CDV)-resistant variants of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and their ability to replicate in the New Zealand White rabbit ocular model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits were inoculated topically in both eyes with the CDV-resistant variants R1, R2, and R3, and the Ad5 parental strain. On day 1, rabbits from each virus inoculation were divided into two topical treatment groups: 0.5% CDV and PBS control. Treatment was administered twice daily in both eyes for 7 days. All eyes were cultured for virus on days 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14. Using viral outcome parameters, CDV resistance was determined for each virus by comparing each CDV-treated virus group to its respective PBS control, and altered pathogenesis was assessed by comparing viral replication in the PBS control groups of the Ad5 parent and the three resistant variants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topical 0.5% CDV treatment demonstrated significant antiviral inhibitory activity in the Ad5 parental group (e.g., reduced total Ad5-positive cultures, reduced daily Ad5-positive cultures on days 5, 9, 11, and 14, and duration of ocular shedding), but had no effect on the three CDV-resistant variants. There were no significant differences in pathogenicity between the Ad5 parent and the CDV-resistant variants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ad5 variants R1, R2, and R3 were resistant to topical treatment with 0.5% cidofovir in the rabbit ocular model. However, the acquisition of CDV resistance did not alter the replication of the three Ad5 CDV variants on the rabbit eye.
authors: The Charles T. Campbell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors: E G
authors: EG
authors: Romanowski
authors: Y J
authors: YJ
authors: Gordon
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Araullo-Cruz
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Yates
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: Kinchington
mesh_terms: D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003236:Conjunctivitis, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D014776:Virus Cultivation; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir