title: Genetic analysis of the cytochrome P-450c17alpha (CYP17) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) in Japanese patients with 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical and molecular genetic characterization of two Japanese patients with 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, we analysed the 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase gene (CYP17). Next, to clarify the mechanism of hypoaldosteronism in 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, we analysed the expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) messenger RNA and sequenced CYP11B2 in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient 1 (46 XY), phenotypically female, sought medical attention for hypertension, amenorrhea and infantile genitalia. Patient 2 (46 XX), phenotypically female, presented for hypertension and amenorrhea. Hormonal data in both patients showed decreased levels of sex steroids, cortisol, aldosterone and plasma renin activity and extreme elevation of deoxycortisol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct sequencing of CYP17 and CYP11B2 was performed using genomic DNA from the patients. An expression studies of mutated forms of CYP17 was performed using COS-1 cells. The expression of CYP11B2 messenger RNA in mononuclear leucocytes (MNLs) of these patients and normal subjects was measured using the competitive polymerase chain reaction
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of renin secretion stimulation on the levels of CYP11B2 messenger RNA in MNLs of normal subjects was also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected two novel genetic defects in 17alpha-hydroxylase. Sequence analysis revealed one base pair deletion (T) at codon 243 in exon 4 in patient 1. CYP17 in patient 2 contained a point mutation (C to T) at position 415 in exon 8. Transfected cells of mutant from patient 1 had no 17alpha-hydroxylase or 17,20-lyase activity. The R415C mutant protein showed very weak activity of 17alpha-hydroxylase or 17,20-lyase activity. In the renin secretion stimulating test, the increase in CYP11B2 messenger RNA levels in MNLs was parallel with that of plasma aldosterone concentration. The expression of CYP11B2 mRNA in NMLs of these patients was lower compared to controls. No mutations in CYP11B2, including the 5' flanking region, were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the novel mutations of the CYP17 gene found in these patients inactivate cytochrome P450c17 function, and that hypoaldosteronism in these patients may be partly explained by a decreased activity of aldosterone synthase, which is regulated at the transcriptional level.
authors: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical School, Fukui and Koseiren Takaoka Hospital, Takaoka, Japan. takeday@mhs.mp.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Takeda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yoneda
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Demura
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Furukawa
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Koshida
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Miyamori
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Mabuchi
mesh_terms: D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004232:Diuretics; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D017354:Point Mutation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005665:Furosemide; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; D012083:Renin