title: Cytomegalovirus infection with interleukin-6 response predicts cardiac mortality in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prospective data relating previous exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) to the risk of cardiac mortality are controversial. We investigated the effect of previous exposure to CMV infection on the risk of future cardiac disease-related death in relation to an underlying inflammatory response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  coronary angiography was performed in 1134 subjects, and 989 patients with documented coronary artery disease were studied prospectively. CMV-IgG titers and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured before angiography. Increasing titers of CMV correlated with the elevation of IL-6 levels (P<0.001) after adjustment for possible confounders. All patients were followed up for a median of 3.1 years (maximum 4.3 years). During follow-up, 96 patients died, 70 of cardiac disease. Overall, CMV seropositivity was not related to cardiac mortality after adjustment for confounding variables (P=0.19). In contrast, in patients with elevated IL-6 levels (>/=11.9 pg/mL, median level), CMV seropositivity was independently associated with a 3.2-fold (95% CI 1.4 to 7.3, P=0.007) increase in risk of future cardiac death, whereas in individuals without IL-6 elevation, previous CMV infection had no effect on cardiac mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MV seropositivity in patients with an inflammatory response is independently associated with future cardiac mortality, whereas this association is lost in patients who do not demonstrate an inflammatory response. These data support the hypothesis that the atherosclerotic effects of CMV are mediated through an underlying inflammatory response.
authors: Department of Medicine II, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. stefan.blankenberg@uni-mainz.de
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Blankenberg
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Rupprecht
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bickel
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Espinola-Klein
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Rippin
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Hafner
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ossendorf
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Steinhagen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein