title: EXAFS and XANES studies of copper in a solidified fly ash.
abstract: Speciation of copper in the fly ash solidification process has been studied by X-ray based spectroscopies inthe present work. Fourier transformed EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structural) spectra of the solidified fly ashes showed that the bond distance of Cu-O (first shell) was 1.96 A with a coordination number (CN) of about 3.0. However, in the second shell of copper atoms, the bond distance of Cu-(O)-Cu was decreased by 0.12-0.22 A during solidification, which might cause the stabilization of the CuO species in the solidified fly ash matrix. By the least-squares fits of the XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structural) spectra, fractions of the main copper species in the solidified fly ashes such as CuCl2 (0.08-0.11), Cu2O (0.07-0.09), Cu(OH)2 (0.31-0.33), and CuO (0.49-0.52) were observed. Combined EXAFS and XANES observations suggested that chemical reactions such as hydroxylation of CuCl2 and oxidation of Cu2O and/or metallic Cu might involve in the solidification process, which also led to a significant reduction of the leachability of copper from the solidified fly ashes.
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Hsiao
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Wang
authors: Y W
authors: YW
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D017745:Incineration; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003300:Copper