title: Escherichia coli strains colonising the gastrointestinal tract protect germfree mice against Salmonella typhimurium infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Escherichia coli is part of the normal gastrointestinal microflora which exerts a barrier effect against enteropathogens. Several E coli strains develop a protective effect against other Enterobacteriaceae.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Two E coli strains, EM0, a human faecal strain, and JM105 K-12 were tested for their ability to prevent in vivo and in vitro infection by Salmonella typhimurium C5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inhibition of C5 cell invasion by E coli was investigated in vitro using Caco-2/TC7 cells. The protective effect of E coli was examined in vivo in germfree or conventional C3H/He/Oujco mice orally infected by the lethal strain C5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMO expresses haemolysin and cytotoxic necrotising factor in vitro. In vitro, the two strains did not prevent the growth of C5 by secreted microcins or modified cell invasion of C5. In vivo, establishment of EM0 or JM105 in the gut of germfree mice resulted in a significant increase in the number of surviving mice: 11/12 and 9/12, respectively, at 58 days after infection (2x10(6)/mouse) versus 0/12 in control germfree group at 13 days after infection. Colonisation level and translocation rate of C5 were significantly reduced during the three days after infection. In contrast, no reduction in faecal C5 excretion was observed in C5 infected conventional mice (1x10(8)/mouse) receiving the EM0 or JM105 cultures daily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Establishment of E coli strains, which do not display antimicrobial activity, protects germfree mice against infection and delays the establishment of C5 in the gut. Possible mechanisms of defence are discussed.
authors: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 510, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris XI, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France. sylvie.hudault@cep.u-psud.fr
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hudault
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Guignot
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Servin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005260:Female; D005856:Germ-Free Life / Q000276:immunology*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003603:Cytotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C060296:cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1