title: Seeing mum drinking a 'light' product: is social learning a stronger determinant of taste preference acquisition than caloric conditioning?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was examined whether caloric conditioning or social learning strategies dominate in taste preference acquisition in children. The caloric learning paradigm predicts that eating or drinking artificially sweetened products, which deliver virtually no energy, will not lead to a taste preference whereas the social learning paradigm predicts that seeing important others modelling the eating and drinking of these 'light' products will induce a preference for the taste of light products in the child.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 2 x 2 between subjects factorial design, the amount of energy and social modelling was varied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was undertaken at primary schools in Maastricht, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five children participated and six children dropped out. The 39 children who completed the study (14 boys and 25 girls) had a mean age of 67 months (range 51--81, s.d. 5.6).
  
  
  METHODS
  Each subject took part in nine conditioning trials with an individually selected tasting yoghurt which was not preferred very much at the pre-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The children in the combined caloric and social condition showed an increase in their preference for the conditioned taste which was larger than a regression-to-the-mean effect (P=0.007), whereas children in the other groups did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caloric and social learning combined, ie modelling the consumption of energy-rich foods or drinks, is the best way to establish taste preferences. Children more easily learn a preference for energy-rich food that is eaten by significant others than for food that is low in energy and eaten by significant others.
authors: Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. a.jansen@psychology.unimaas.nl
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jansen
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Tenney
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D012380:Role; D013649:Taste