title: Chronic morphine consumption decreases wheel running and wheel running-reinforced behavior in rats.
abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of morphine self-administration on wheel running and wheel running-reinforced lever pressing in rats. The home cage was equipped with a bottle that contained either water, a saccharin-flavored 0.5-mg/ml morphine solution, or saccharin (0.25%). The bottle was available for either 1 or 3 h. The bottle was then removed, and 20-22 h after removal, the rats were moved to an operant chamber in which lever presses earned 15 s access to a running wheel (according to a variable interval (VI) 40-s schedule). The morphine condition was in effect for 69 days, and consumption gradually increased to a level of 67 mg/kg/day. During the morphine condition, wheel running and lever pressing decreased. Following the removal of morphine, (so that the home-cage bottles provided a 0.25% saccharin solution), the two instrumental behaviors increased to the pre-morphine (water) levels. However, the increases were not immediate, and in the first post-morphine session, lever pressing and wheel turning remained at the depressed morphine level. The post-morphine increase in lever pressing was substantially larger than the increase in wheel running. The results support the hypothesis that chronic opiate consumption reduces the frequency of some nondrug-related behaviors, and that this, in turn, increases preference for the opiate.
authors: Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. teresar@usp.br
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Silva
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Heyman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012439:Saccharin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D009020:Morphine; D012439:Saccharin