Medical complications of female genital mutilation.
More than 130 million women are subjected to genital mutilation. Despite increasing efforts to reduce the practice, there are many obstacles to eliminating this 2,000-year-old practice, which is based on strong cultural traditions. As college health clinicians provide care to more international students from countries where female genital mutilation is performed, increased awareness and knowledge of the procedure will enable clinicians to understand and manage its complications. We report a case of obstructive uropathy resulting in hydronephrosis secondary to female genital mutilation and review the medical literature regarding this and other complications of genital mutilation "surgery."
Epstein
D
D
Obstetrics/Gynecology Department, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Graham
P
P
Rimsza
M
M
D000328:Adult; D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D012998:Somalia / Q000208:ethnology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States