title: Intramuscular kinetics and dosage regimens for pralidoxime in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis).
abstract: The plasma levels, disposition kinetics and a dosage regimen for pralidoxime (2-PAM) were investigated in male buffalo calves following single intramuscular administration (15 or 30 mg/kg). The effects of 2-PAM on various blood enzymes were also determined. The absorption half-life, elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance of 2-PAM were 1.08 +/- 0.19 h, 3.14-3.19 h, 0.83-1.01 L/kg and 184.9-252.1 ml/(kg h), respectively. At doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight, a plasma concentration > or = 4 microg/ml was maintained for up to 4 and 6 h, respectively. Pralidoxime significantly lowered the serum level of transferases, phosphatases and lactate dehydrogenase but did not influence the acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase enzymes. The most appropriate dosage regimen for 2-PAM in the treatment of organophosphate toxicity in buffaloes would be 25 mg/kg followed by 22 mg/kg at 8 h intervals.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Srivastava
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Malik
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C028797:pralidoxime