title: Extents of contamination of top milk and their determinants in an urban slum of Varanasi, India.
abstract: A community based study to examine the extent of contamination of supplementary milk feeds of 149 children aged 6-24 months was conducted in a semi urban slum of Varanasi, India. Out of 201 children, 149 top milk samples were collected directly from the feeding utensils into a sterile vial and subjected to bacteriological analysis. Overall, 53.7% of milk samples were contaminated by bacteria and among them 16.1% were potentially enteropathogenic in nature. The distribution of pathogens was E. coli (13.4%), Klebsiella spp (5.4%), Enterobacter spp. (5.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.7%), Shigella spp. (2.7%) and others (22.1%). The rate of contamination was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in lower income group (73.4%), lower caste (69.6%) and in case of illiterate mothers (69.3%). Bivariate analysis indicated that wherever the afore mentioned parameters of hygiene were adverse, isolation rates increased multifoldely. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the probability of a milk sample being positive for bacterial contamination was higher by 20 times when unclean utensils were used, by 3 times if mothers hands were dirty and by 2.8 time if the mothers were illiterate. The odds of contamination by pathogens was 25.7 times higher if the feeding utensils were dirty.
authors: Department of P.S.M., Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras, Hindu University Varanasi.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Ray
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Nath
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D011203:Poverty; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012923:Social Class; D014505:Urban Population