title: Echocardiographic assessment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate new echocardiographic modes in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 patients with ARVC and a control group of 25 healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transthoracic echocardiography included cross sectional measurements of the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular inflow tract, and right ventricular body. Wall motion was analysed subjectively. M mode and pulsed tissue Doppler techniques were used for quantitative measurement of tricuspid annular motion at the lateral, septal, posterior, and anterior positions. Doppler assessment of tricuspid flow and systemic venous flow was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessed by M mode, the total amplitude of the tricuspid annular motion was significantly decreased in the lateral, septal, and posterior positions in the patients compared with the controls. The tissue Doppler velocity pattern showed decreased early diastolic peak annular (E(A)) velocity and an accompanying decrease in early (E(A)) to late diastolic (A(A)) velocity ratio in all positions; the systolic annular velocity was significantly decreased only in the lateral position. Four patients had normal right ventricular dimensions and three were judged to have normal right ventricular wall motion. The patient group had also a significantly decreased tricuspid flow E:A ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tricuspid annular measurements are valuable, easy to obtain, and allow quantitative assessment of right ventricular function. ARVC patients showed an abnormal velocity pattern that may be an early but non-specific sign of the disease. Normal right ventricular dimensions do not exclude ARVC, and subjective detection of early changes in wall motion may be difficult.
authors: Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping Heart Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. lena.lindstrom@lio.se
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lindström
authors: U M
authors: UM
authors: Wilkenshoff
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Larsson
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Wranne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019571:Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies