title: Decreased Bax expression by mucosal T cells favours resistance to apoptosis in Crohn's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activated T cells are more susceptible to apoptosis than resting T cells. As intestinal T cells normally exhibit a higher state of activation, increased apoptosis may be necessary to maintain immune homeostasis in the specialised microenvironment of the mucosa. On the other hand, in Crohn's disease (CD) mucosal T cells are resistant to apoptosis, suggesting abnormal regulation of cell death mechanisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences in expression of anti- and proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, key regulators of apoptosis, between circulating and mucosal T cells, and possible alterations in CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lamina propria T cells (LPT) were isolated from 10 control, seven CD, and eight ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and peripheral blood T cells (PBT) from healthy volunteers. Purified T cells were stained intracellularly for Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Bax, and mean fluorescence intensity measured by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with PBT, the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax, but not Bcl-x(L), was significantly greater in LPT, resulting in lower Bcl-x(L)/Bax ratios. In PBT, Bax expression was highly and significantly correlated with both Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L), but correlation with Bcl-2 was absent in LPT. Bax expression in CD, but not UC, LPT was significantly lower than in control LPT, resulting in a significantly higher Bcl-x(L)/Bax ratio. The significant correlation of Bcl-x(L) to Bax was preserved in CD, but not UC, LPT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regulation of Bcl-2 family protein expression differs between circulating and mucosal T cells, probably underlying diverse survival potentials. In CD LPT, a low Bax expression and a high Bcl-x(L)/Bax ratio favour resistance to apoptosis and may contribute to the chronicity of inflammation.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Itoh
authors: C
authors: C
authors: de La Motte
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Strong
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Levine
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Fiocchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein