title: Sperm retrieval, fertilization, and pregnancy outcome in repeated testicular sperm aspiration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the outcome of sperm retrieval and results after ICSI in up to six repeated testicular sperm aspiration procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two men with obstructive and thirty-four men with nonobstructive azoospermia underwent 50 and 91 needle aspirations, respectively. Sufficiency of spermatozoa for ICSI and cryopreservation, fertilization rate, and pregnancy outcome was analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major differences were found in sperm recovery or pregnancy outcome in the repeated cycles. Testicular aspirate containing motile spermatozoa with maintained fertilizing capacity was obtained in up to six repeated procedures in the nonobstructive group. No postoperative complications were reported for any of the participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testicular sperm aspiration is a simple and effective method of sperm retrieval, which can be performed from the same testis up to several times with good recovery of motile spermatozoa for ICSI and maintaining high fertilization and pregnancy rates, in men with both obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia.
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Westlander
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Rosenlund
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Söderlund
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wood
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bergh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000628:therapy*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012662:Semen Preservation; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013396:Suction; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000601:surgery