title: The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat small intestine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1 in small-intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, we investigated the effect of FR 167653, a specific IL-1 and TNF inhibitor, on warm I-R injury of the rat small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats treated with either saline (NS group) or FR 167653 (FR group) underwent 150 min of warm small-intestinal ischemia by applying a vascular clip at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. In addition to the survival analyses, we investigated plasma TNF-alpha and endotoxin levels, intestinal tissue TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, hematocrit values and the amount of exudates in the intestinal lumen, glutamic aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histological findings up to 120 min after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in the intestinal tissue, and plasma TNF-alpha and endotoxin levels, were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the FR group. Severe mucosal damage on histological findings (120 min after reperfusion) and a large amount of intraluminal exudates (60 min after reperfusion) were shown in the NS group, but these findings were significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated in the FR group. Serum AST levels in the NS group increased 120 min after reperfusion, but this change was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the FR group. The 30-day survival rate was 80% in the FR group and 30% in the NS group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual inhibition of TNF and IL-1 effectively alleviated intestinal I-R injury, suggesting the key role of TNF and IL-1 in this pathophysiology.
authors: Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Yamamoto
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tanabe
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Wakabayashi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Shimazu
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases