TNF signaling in vascular endothelial cells.
Vascular endothelium is a major target of actions of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Increasingly, the intracellular pathways that are activated in response to TNF have been elucidated. Many of these pathways have proven to be cell type-specific, requiring that observations made in other cell types be confirmed or ruled out in endothelial cells (EC). In this review the authors will summarize the state of the field, emphasizing studies in cultured human EC.
Madge
L A
LA
Department of Pathology and the Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Transplantation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
Pober
J S
JS
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase