title: Interferon-associated retinopathy in a uniform regimen of natural interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development of retinal lesions induced by a uniform regimen of interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C was prospectively investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one patients received 6 mega units of natural interferon-alpha intramuscularly daily for 2 weeks and then 3 times a week for 22 weeks. The total dose of interferon-alpha administered was uniformly 478 mega units per patient. Two expert ophthalmologists prospectively examined the patients for retinal lesions before, during and after the therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinopathy was not found in comparison groups or any of the patients before treatment. In total 34.6% (28/81) of the patients showed cotton-wool spots or minor retinal hemorrhage, or both lesions, during therapy, but these lesions were reversed during or after interferon therapy. The occurrence rates of cotton-wool spots alone, retinal hemorrhage alone and both lesions were 13.6% (11/81), 6.2% (5/81), and 14.8% (12/81), respectively. The appearance of retinopathy did not correlate with patients' background including viral loads and response to the therapy, but was more frequently found in older patients and patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus; disappearance of retinopathy was more prolonged than in patients without these complications. Almost all the lesions appeared 2-4 months after the start of the therapy, and the severity of the lesions did not differ between patients with and without hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although it is not clear if interferon-associated retinopathy occurs in a dose-dependent manner, the present study shows a standard pattern of the occurrence of retinopathy in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving a uniform dosage of natural interferon-alpha.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. h.saito@med.keio.ac.jp
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Saito
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ebinuma
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nagata
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Inagaki
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Saito
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Wakabayashi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Takagi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nakamura
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Katsura
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Oguchi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ishii
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha