Evaluation of an integrated membrane system for water repurification.
An integrated membrane system was evaluated for water repurification. Performance evaluation of the membrane system was based on three criteria: flux and fouling, disinfection capability, and rejection of pollutants. Minimal membrane fouling was observed for all of the membranes employed in the study. Significant contaminant rejection was also achieved by the membrane system purifying the reclaimed water to meet and exceed drinking water standards. Wide range of virus rejection was observed for the membranes, which was dependent on the membrane type, manufacturer, and the fouling status. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the integrated membrane system is a very effective and reliable process for water repurification.
Gagliardo
P
P
Metropolitan Wastewater Department, 600 B Street, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92101-4587, USA.
Adham
S
S
Olivieri
A
A
Trussell
R
R
D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002140:California; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D008851:Micropore Filters; D013997:Time Factors; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*