title: Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with a sulfonylurea in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 16-week, double-blind study included patients on a stable regimen of a sulfonylurea for > or = 30 days and with a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level > or = 8.0%. Patients were randomly assigned to receive once daily pioglitazone 15 mg (n = 184), pioglitazone 30 mg (n = 189), or placebo plus sulfonylurea (n = 187).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving pioglitazone + sulfonylurea had significant (P < 0.05) decreases from baseline in HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose levels compared with patients treated with placebo + sulfonylurea. As compared with placebo, HbA1C decreased by 0.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06% to 1.2%) with pioglitazone 15 mg and 1.3% (CI: 1% to 1.6%) with 30 mg pioglitazone; fasting plasma glucose levels decreased by 39 mg/dL (95% CI: 27 to 52 mg/dL) with pioglitazone 15 mg and by 58 mg/dL (95% CI: 46-70 mg/dL) with 30 mg pioglitazone. Both pioglitazone + sulfonylurea groups had significant (P < 0.05) mean percent decreases in triglyceride levels (17%, 95% CI: 6% to 27% for 15 mg; 26%, 95% CI: 16% to 36% for 30 mg) and increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (6%, 95% CI: 1% to 11% for 15 mg; 13%, CI: 8% to 18% for 30 mg) compared with placebo + sulfonylurea. There were small but statistically significant mean percent increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all groups. Pioglitazone was well tolerated, and the rates of adverse events were similar in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with type 2 diabetes, pioglitazone plus sulfonylurea significantly improves HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose levels with beneficial effects on serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Glandular Disease Clinic, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kipnes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krosnick
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rendell
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mathisen
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides