title: Polymeric chains of SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 are conjugated to protein substrates by SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9.
abstract: Conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO-1/SMT3C/Sentrin-1 to proteins in vitro is dependent on a heterodimeric E1 (SAE1/SAE2) and an E2 (Ubc9). Although SUMO-2/SMT3A/Sentrin-3 and SUMO-3/SMT3B/Sentrin-2 share 50% sequence identity with SUMO-1, they are functionally distinct. Inspection of the SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 sequences indicates that they both contain the sequence psiKXE, which represents the consensus SUMO modification site. As a consequence SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9 catalyze the formation of polymeric chains of SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 on protein substrates in vitro, and SUMO-2 chains are detected in vivo. The ability to form polymeric chains is not shared by SUMO-1, and although all SUMO species use the same conjugation machinery, modification by SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/-3 may have distinct functional consequences.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 5ST, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tatham
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jaffray
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Desterro
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Botting
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Naismith
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001704:Biopolymers; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D004720:Endonucleases; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D039502:Nuclear Cap-Binding Protein Complex; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; C100383:CBC2 protein, S cerevisiae; D017931:DNA Primers; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D039502:Nuclear Cap-Binding Protein Complex; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C107849:SAE2 protein, S cerevisiae; C117909:SUMO2 protein, human; C492189:SUMO3 protein, human; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D004720:Endonucleases; D008025:Ligases; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9; D008239:Lysine