title: The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and socioeconomic variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic diseases associated with considerable morbidity. This morbidity may have an impact on the ability of patients to remain employed, on their marital status, and on their ability to complete a course of higher education. It has long been held that IBD patients are of a higher socioeconomic status and more educated than the general population. Our aim was to determine the relationship between IBD and employment, income, disability, education, and marital status in two population-based data sets based in the province of Manitoba, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two studies are reported here. In study A, we surveyed persons with IBD, using the population-based University of Manitoba IBD Database, created in 1995-1996. We compared these IBD patients to the general population with respect to employment, education, and marital status using data from the 1996 National Population Health Survey. IBD patients were queried as to their socioeconomic status as of the time of diagnosis and also at the time of the survey (1995-1996). In study B, we used a database that linked health care and census variables to determine differences in employment, income, occupation, and marital status among individuals who met the administrative definition of IBD (created in forming the University of Manitoba IBD Database, based on ICD-9-CM codes 555 for Crohn's disease and 556 for ulcerative colitis) compared with the rest of working-age population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study A we found that, compared with the general population, patients with IBD were more likely to be unemployed. Crohn's disease appeared to affect employment more than ulcerative colitis. IBD patients, however, had a low rate of reporting themselves as disabled (1.3%). Among those married when diagnosed with IBD, approximately 10% of men and up to 20% of women were no longer married 5 yr later. More patients with IBD were married in 1995 compared with the general population; however, more were also divorced. Fewer patients with IBD achieved postsecondary education. In study B, we found that individuals with IBD were twice as likely to be out of the labor force as were controls. Sedentary occupations were twice as likely to be associated with IBD. The income, education level, and marital status of IBD patients were not significantly different from those of controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with IBD at some time in the course of their illness are more likely not to be working than are those in the general population. Based on employment status and job classification, as well as income and education, IBD patients are not of a higher socioeconomic status as previously reported. IBD patients are at least as likely as the general population to be married.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rawsthorne
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors