title: The effect on human salivary fluoride concentration of consuming fluoridated salt-containing baked food items.
abstract: Salt fluoridation is recognised world-wide as a proven and viable alternative means of consumer choice-related, community-based fluoridation where water fluoridation is either technically or politically impossible. However, as most salt consumed is contained within cooked food products, rather than sprinkled over prepared food at the table, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on salivary fluoride concentration of consuming baked food products prepared with 250 and 350 ppm fluoridated salt (as KF). Six food items were baked with (a) normal non-fluoridated salt, (b) 250 mg F/kg salt and (c) 350 mg F/kg salt. Eleven adult volunteers consumed these foodstuffs on separate occasions and salivary samples were collected for fluoride analyses before and at various time points (1-30 min) after eating. For most foodstuffs, small but significant increases in salivary fluoride concentration occurred for at least 5 min after ingestion of the fluoridated salt-containing items. Salivary fluoride concentrations peaked 1 or 2 min after eating, with highest values for the six test foods ranging from 0.16 to 0.25 ppm F, and from 0.18 to 0.44 ppm F for the 250 and 350 mg F/kg salt products, respectively. In all cases, salivary fluoride concentrations had returned to baseline by 20 min. The clinical significance of such small, short-term increases in salivary fluoride is uncertain, but the findings suggest that a more frequent intake of foods with fluoridated salt substituted for normal salt could help sustain slightly elevated salivary fluoride concentrations for more prolonged periods of the day, and might thus potentiate the cariostatic effects of saliva on tooth mineral.
authors.affiliation: Dental Public Health Unit, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, Scotland, UK. l.macpherson@dental.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Stephen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001682:Biological Availability; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003296:Cooking; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C033320:potassium fluoride; D005459:Fluorides