title: Volumetric MRI, pathological, and neuropsychological progression in hippocampal sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between age at onset and duration of seizure disorder with severity of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and cognitive functioning in patients with HS and unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six subjects had left temporal lobe seizure onset; 20 had right temporal onset. Measures were age at seizure onset, duration of seizure disorder divided by age (seizure duration), history of febrile convulsion (FC), ratio of the smaller hippocampal volume to the larger (HF) as determined by volumetric MRI, and pathologic HS grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that pathologic HS grade and HF were positively related to seizure duration, and negatively related to seizure onset. When subjects were divided into onset prior to age 10 versus later, subjects with earlier onset had higher mean pathologic HS grade and smaller (more asymmetric) mean HF. When subjects were divided into seizure duration <0.5 (i.e., less than half current lifetime) vs greater, subjects with seizure duration > or =0.5 had higher mean pathologic HS grade and lower mean HF. There was also evidence for earlier age at seizure onset and longer seizure duration being associated with worse performance on neuropsychological measures. FC was not related to either seizure duration or age at seizure onset, but patients with a history of FC showed higher pathologic HS grade and lower HF. A history of FC was not related to cognitive functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral HS patients with earlier seizure onset and longer duration of epilepsy have more severe HS and greater hippocampal volume asymmetry. This suggests that HS may be a progressive disorder with risk for cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kupsky
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hayman-Abello
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ergh
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Poore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canady
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012598:Sclerosis