Sodium lauryl sulfate abrogates human immunodeficiency virus infectivity by affecting viral attachment.
The microbicidal activity of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied in cultured cells. Pretreatment of HIV-1(NL4-3) with SLS decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, its infectivity when using 1G5 as target cells. In the absence of a viral pretreatment period or when 1G5 cells were pretreated with SLS, the surfactant-induced inactivation of viral infectivity was less pronounced, especially at concentrations between 375 and 550 microM. SLS had no effect on HIV-1 when the virus was adsorbed to 1G5 cells by a 2-h incubation period. SLS almost completely inhibited the fusion process by decreasing the attachment of HIV-1 to target cells. SLS also inhibited the infectivity of HIV-1-based luciferase reporter viruses pseudotyped with the amphotropic murine leukemia virus envelope (which enters cells in a CD4-, CCR5-, and CXCR4-independent manner), indicating that SLS may inactivate other envelope viruses. In contrast, no effect was seen with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein G (which enters cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis) pretreated with up to 700 microM SLS. SLS also decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the HIV-1-dependent syncytium formation between 1G5 and J1.1 cells after a 24-h incubation. The reduction of luciferase activity was more pronounced when J1.1 cells (which express HIV-1 proteins on their surface) were pretreated with SLS rather than 1G5 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SLS could represent a candidate of choice for use in vaginal microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV and possibly other pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases.
Bestman-Smith
J
J
Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Piret
J
J
Désormeaux
A
A
Tremblay
M J
MJ
Omar
R F
RF
Bergeron
M G
MG
D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014771:Virion / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D008156:Luciferases