title: Predictors of nonrecovery in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy and paresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether nonrecovery from acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy could be predicted from demographic factors or palsy characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational case series
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter (academic and private practices).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrecovery, defined as the presence of diplopia in primary position or more than 10 prism diopters of distance esotropia in primary position at 6 months after onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from a previously described cohort of 84 eligible patients with acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy, we performed multivariate analyses of demographic factors and palsy characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonrecovery at 6 months after onset was associated with a complete palsy (adjusted risk ratio, 9.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.77-14.84) and with a bilateral palsy or paresis (adjusted risk ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 0.98-4.29). The choice of conservative management (observation, prism, or patch) versus acute injection of Botulinum toxin (within 3 months of injury) did not influence final recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, failure to recover by 6 months after onset was associated independently with inability to abduct past midline at presentation and bilaterality. Although the overall recovery rate is high in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis, a complete or bilateral case has a poor prognosis and is more likely to need strabismus surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. holmes.jonathan@mayo.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kip
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Droste
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Leske
mesh_terms: D020434:Abducens Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D020222:Abducens Nerve Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004172:Diplopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins