title: Long-term results following reconstruction of craniofacial defects with titanium micro-mesh systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reconstruction of craniofacial defects can be carried out with autogenous tissue (calvarium, rib, iliac crest), allogeneic implants (AAA-bone, lyophilized cartilage) or alloplastic material (methacrylate, hydroxyapatite, titanium implants and mesh systems). Selection of the implant material used for reconstruction is still controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kantonsspital Luzern, 20 patients with defects in the craniofacial and/or orbito-ethmoidal region have been treated using titanium micro-mesh between 1991 and 1998. Two different mesh systems, micro-titanium augmentation mesh and dynamic mesh, have been used for bony reconstruction in non load-bearing areas. The defects were caused by acute trauma, osteomyelitis of the frontal bone and previous operations. The titanium micro-mesh was used with the following indications: (1) immediate reconstruction in the primary treatment of comminuted fractures with bone loss in non load-bearing areas, (2) treatment of contour irregularities (possibly in combination with bone or cartilage grafts). All patients were followed up clinically and radiographically at quarterly intervals for a year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No wound infections, exposures or loss of the mesh have been observed. Long-term stability of the reconstructions was excellent. When walls of the paranasal sinuses were reconstructed complete repneumatisation took place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advantages of this reconstructive technique are: (1) universal applicability (craniofacial, orbital, sinus defects, comminuted fractures); (2) stable 3-D reconstruction of complex anatomic structures were easily performed; (3) immediate availability with no donor site morbidity as bone or cartilage grafts were not necessary; (4) combination with bone or cartilage grafts is possible; and (5) very low susceptibility to infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kantonsspital Luzern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kuttenberger
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004867:Equipment Design; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000601:surgery; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D014025:Titanium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium