title: Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix--a clinicopathological study of five cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study describes 5 cases of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the uterine cervix, evaluating their clinical features and pathological profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were obtained from the patients' clinical files at the combined gynaecological-oncology unit of Johannesburg Hospital and the University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa. A histopathological diagnosis was obtained after biopsy material from all 5 patients was examined microscopically and subjected to immunohistochemical staining with MNF116 (pankeratin) synaptophysin and chromagranin A, all of which are neuroendocrine markers. Two patients received pelvic radiotherapy only. None of the 5 patients in this series received chemotherapy or underwent surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 5 patients were adult females, with an average age of 57.3 years. The majority were multiparous, with the most common presenting complaint being vaginal bleeding. Three of the 5 patients presented with advanced-stage cervical carcinoma, with evidence of metastases in 2 of them. Treatment responses and long-term survival in our series proved to be disappointing as 3 of the 5 patients died in less than 6 months. On histopathological examination, all 5 tumours showed features of a high-grade poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm with ulceration and extensive tumour necrosis including trabecular and organoid growth patterns. All 5 neoplasms also showed strong immunoreactivity for MNF116, while their endocrine nature was confirmed by staining for synaptophysin in all cases. None of the tumours showed positive straining for chromagranin A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCNECs are rare tumours and distinct from other neoplasms of the uterine cervix. The results of this study reaffirm the biologically aggressive nature of this uncommon tumour and its very unfavourable prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rhemtula
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grayson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Iddekinge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiltman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010298:Parity; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016708:Synaptophysin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D016708:Synaptophysin