title: Growth and nutrition of Chinese vegetarian children in Hong Kong.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study investigated the nutritional status of Chinese lacto-ovo-vegetarian children aged 4-14 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake over 7 days was assessed using a computer program, previously used for a local population-based dietary survey. Anthropometric measurements were made and fasting venous blood was examined for serum lipids, haematological data, iron, vitamin B12 and folate status. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (L2 - L4) was measured as a reflection of calcium status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one lacto-ovo-vegetarians aged 4-14 years were investigated. The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) daily energy intake was 1600 +/- 425 kcal. The mean (+/- SD) daily protein intake was 1.6 +/- 0.6 g/kg bodyweight which met the United States recommended dietary allowance. Compared to that of the local omnivore diet, the vegetarian diet was closer to the recommended healthy diet with lower fat (20-23%), more fibre (5.8-8.7 g/day) and better polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (1.0-1.1). Growth and BMD of the vegetarian children were comparable to the general omnivore population. Two children had iron deficiency and two children had anaemia. The calcium status, as reflected by the BMD, was not impaired. Serum folate and vitamin B12 were within the normal range. Six (25%) boys and four (15%) girls were obese. Three boys had hyperlipidaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A Hong Kong Chinese vegetarian diet appears healthy, providing adequate iron and vitamin B12 nutrition, but the prevalence of obesity was high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. sophie-leung@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kam
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hjelm
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D007501:Iron; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D002118:Calcium