title: A thiazolidinedione improves in vivo insulin action on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase in insulin-resistant monkeys.
abstract: Thiazolidinediones (TZD) have been shown to have anti-diabetic effects including the ability to decrease fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, increase insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate (M) and decrease hepatic glucose production, but the mechanisms of action are not well established. To determine whether a TZD (R-102380, Sankyo Company Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) could improve insulin action on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glycogen synthesis, 4 insulin-resistant obese monkeys were given 1 mg/kg/day R-102380 p.o. for a 6-week period. Skeletal muscle GS activity and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) content were compared between pre-dosing and dosing periods before and during the maximal insulin-stimulation of a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Compared to pre-dosing, insulin-stimulated GS activity and G6P content were increased by this TZD: GS independent activity (p = 0.02), GS total activity (p = 0.005), GS fractional activity (p = 0.06) and G6P content (p = 0.02). The change in GS activity induced by in vivo insulin (insulin-stimulated minus basal) was also increased by this TZD: GS independent activity (p = 0.03) and GS fractional activity (p = 0.04). We conclude that the TZD R-102380 improves insulin action at the skeletal muscle in part by increasing the activity of glycogen synthase. This improvement in insulin sensitivity may be a key factor in the anti-diabetic effect of the thiazolidinedione class of agents.
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. hortmeye@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ortmeyer
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Bodkin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horikoshi
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C432909:R 102380; D013844:Thiazoles; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D006006:Glycogen Synthase