title: Skin morphological changes in growth hormone deficiency and acromegaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the histomorphology of skin and its appendages, especially eccrine sweat glands, in patients with GH disorders, because reduced sweating ability in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is associated with increased risk of hyperthermia under stressed conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A skin biopsy was obtained from 17 patients with GHD treated with GH, five patients with untreated GHD, 10 patients with active acromegaly and 13 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sweat secretion rate (SSR) was significantly decreased in both the untreated (median 41 mg/30 min, range 9-79 mg/30 min) and the GH-treated (median 98 mg/30 min, range 28-147 mg/30 min) patients with GHD compared with that in controls (median 119 mg/30 min, range 90-189 mg/30 min; P=0.001 and 0.01 respectively). Epidermal thickness was significantly decreased in both untreated (median 39 microm, range 28-55 microm) and GH-treated patients with GHD (median 53 microm, range 37-100 microm), compared with that in controls (median 66 microm, range 40-111 microm; P<0.02). A statistically non-significant tendency towards thinner epidermis (median 59 microm, range 33-83 microm) was recorded in acromegalic patients (P=0.08) compared with controls. There was no significant difference in the area of the sebaceous glands in the biopsies between the three groups and the controls. The area of eccrine sweat gland glomeruli was significantly decreased in the untreated patients with GHD (median 16407 microm2, range 12758-43976 microm2) compared with that in controls (median 29446 microm2, range 13511-128661 microm2; P=0.03), but there was no significant difference between the GH-treated patients with GHD and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that GH, either directly or via IGF-I, may have both a structural and a functional effect on human skin and its appendages, and that patients with GHD have histomorphological changes in skin compared with controls. Importantly, these changes are not fully reversed despite long-term and adequate GH treatment in patients with childhood onset GHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, National University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thulesen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Feldt-Rasmussen
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Skakkebaek
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vahl
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sneppen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juul
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D004439:Eccrine Glands / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000473:pathology; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010862:Pilocarpine; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I