title: FRAT1 and FRAT2, clustered in human chromosome 10q24.1 region, are up-regulated in gastric cancer.
abstract: FRAT1 and FRAT2 are cancer-associated genes encoding GSK-3beta-binding proteins. Over-expression of FRAT1 or FRAT2 lead to carcinogenesis through activation of WNT--beta-catenin--TCF signaling pathway. We have previously cloned and characterized FRAT2. Here, we found that FRAT1 and FRAT2 genes were clustered in the human chromosome 10q24.1 region. Blast search revealed that FRAT1 and FRAT2 genes, consisting of a single exon, were located together on human genome draft sequences AC006098.1 and AL355490.7, corresponding to the human chromosome 10q24.1 region. FRAT1 and FRAT2 genes were clustered in a tail to tail manner with an interval of about 10.7 kb. The 2.7-kb FRAT1 mRNA was relatively highly expressed in fetal brain, adult spleen, pancreas, HeLa S3 (cervical cancer), and K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia). FRAT1 and FRAT2 were co-expressed in 7 gastric cancer cell lines and 10 cases of primary gastric cancer, and were up-regulated together in gastric cancer cell line TMK1 and 2 cases of primary gastric cancer. These results indicated that FRAT1 and FRAT2 genes were up-regulated together in several cases of human gastric cancer. Up-regulation of FRAT1 and FRAT2 in gastric cancer might lead to carcinogenesis through activation of WNT--beta-catenin--TCF signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Cell Biology Section, Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D023061:Gene Order; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020014:K562 Cells; D008297:Male; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C491819:FRAT1 protein, human; C491817:FRAT2 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger