title: Mass spectrometric studies on pyridine-piperazine-containing ligands and their complexes with transition metals formed in solution.
abstract: Electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) methods were used to study open-chain piperazine-containing ligands (L) and their complexes formed with transition-metal salts. ESI and MALDI measurements were performed with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) and a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, respectively. Only singly charged complexes, between one ligand and one or several metal ions, were formed in the ESI measurements. Because the net charge was always one, one or several counterions were attached to the complex. Under ESI conditions, the complexes formed between the ligands and metal (Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd) salts were [L + M + X](+), [L + H + M + X(2)](+) and [L + M(2) + X(3)](+) (M = metal ion, X = counterion). In collision induced dissociation reactions the [L + H + M + X(2)](+) complexes easily eliminated one proton and one counterion. Fragmentation pathways were more dependent on the metal ion than the ligand, and elimination of the second counterion occurred with one proton from copper and nickel complexes and with one proton and one hydrogen from cobalt complexes. Differences in the fragmentation of the complexes could be due to electronic configuration of the metal ion. In the MALDI measurements the ratio between the [L + H](+) and [L - H](+) ions varied with the matrix. Fragmentation of the ligands through elimination of 2-methylpyridine end groups occurred with the aromatic matrices containing carboxylic acid and hydroxyl substituents. Ionization of the complexes was not successful with MALDI as the matrix molecules were also attached to the complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nuutinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Purmonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratilainen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vainiotalo