title: Testosterone supplementation improves spatial and verbal memory in healthy older men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between exogenous testosterone administration and cognitive abilities in a population of healthy older men.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Serum levels of total and bioavailable testosterone gradually decrease with age in men and are associated with reductions in muscle mass, osteoporosis, decreased sexual activity, and changes in cognition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy, community-dwelling volunteers, aged 50 to 80 years, completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants received weekly intramuscular injections of either 100 mg testosterone enanthate or placebo (saline) for 6 weeks. Cognitive evaluations were conducted at baseline, week 3, and week 6 of treatment by use of a battery of neuropsychologic tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating total testosterone was raised an average of 130% from baseline at week 3 and 116% at week 6 in the treatment group. Because of aromatization of testosterone, estradiol increased an average of 77% at week 3 and 73% at week 6 in the treatment group. Significant improvements in cognition were observed for spatial memory (recall of a walking route), spatial ability (block construction), and verbal memory (recall of a short story) in older men treated with testosterone compared with baseline and the placebo group, although improvements were not evident for all measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that short-term testosterone administration enhances cognitive function in healthy older men. However, it remains unclear whether these improvements in cognition are attributable to increased testosterone or estradiol levels, or both. The potential role of testosterone vs its metabolites on cognition requires further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. cherrier@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cherrier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asthana
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plymate
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peskind
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raskind
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brodkin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: LaTendresse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craft
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; C004648:testosterone enanthate