title: Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of unresectable hepatic malignancies. A phase 2 trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic malignancies has been performed successfully via a percutaneous route or at laparotomy. We analyzed the efficacy and utility of laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasound and RFA in patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1997 and November 1999, 27 patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies and no evidence of extrahepatic disease were entered in a phase 2 trial of laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasound and RFA. Real-time ultrasonography was used to guide RFA, and lesions were ablated at a temperature of 100 degrees C for 10 min. Overlapping ablations were performed for larger lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Additional tumors were identified in 10 (37%) of the 27 study patients by laparoscopy and laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasound despite extensive preoperative imaging. Radiofrequency ablation of 85 hepatic tumors yielded no mortality and only one case of postoperative bleeding. During a mean follow-up period of 14 months, four tumors (4.7%) locally recurred. Of the 27 patients, 11 (41%) remain free of disease at this writing; (22%) are alive with disease; and 10 (37%) have died with disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic RFA and intraoperative ultrasound constitute a safe and accurate method for ablation of unresectable hepatic tumors.
authors.affiliation: John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Boulevard, Santa Monica, California, 90404, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tsioulias
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bilchik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome