title: Integrating digital educational content created and stored within disparate software environments: an extensible markup language (XML) solution in real-world use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a standardized and scaleable mechanism for exchanging digital radiologic educational content between software systems that use disparate authoring, storage, and presentation technologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our institution uses two distinct software systems for creating educational content for radiology. Each system is used to create in-house educational content as well as commercial educational products. One system is an authoring and viewing application that facilitates the input and storage of hierarchical knowledge and associated imagery, and is capable of supporting a variety of entity relationships. This system is primarily used for the production and subsequent viewing of educational CD-ROMS. Another software system is primarily used for radiologic education on the world wide web. This system facilitates input and storage of interactive knowledge and associated imagery, delivering this content over the internet in a Socratic manner simulating in-person interaction with an expert. A subset of knowledge entities common to both systems was derived. An additional subset of knowledge entities that could be bidirectionally mapped via algorithmic transforms was also derived. An extensible markup language (XML) object model and associated lexicon were then created to represent these knowledge entities and their interactive behaviors. Forward-looking attention was exercised in the creation of the object model in order to facilitate straightforward future integration of other sources of educational content. XML generators and interpreters were written for both systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deriving the XML object model and lexicon was the most critical and time-consuming aspect of the project. The coding of the XML generators and interpreters required only a few hours for each environment. Subsequently, the transfer of hundreds of educational cases and thematic presentations between the systems can now be accomplished in a matter of minutes. The use of algorithmic transforms results in nearly 100% transfer of context as well as content, thus providing "presentation-ready" outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The automation of knowledge exchange between dissimilar digital teaching environments magnifies the efforts of educators and enriches the learning experience for participants. XML is a powerful and useful mechanism for transfering educational content, as well as the context and interactive behaviors of such content, between disparate systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. frank.mark@mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dreyer
mesh_terms: D016248:Computer Storage Devices; D006801:Humans; D011381:Programming Languages; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D011873:Radiology Information Systems; D012984:Software