title: Deficient release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from astrocytes triggers apoptosis in neuronal cells.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the processes of peripheral tissue remodeling and fibrinolysis through the regulation of plasminogen activation. We found that cultured human astrocytes efficiently released PAI-1, and that both mRNA expression and protein release of PAI-1 were suppressed by pretreatment of the cells with daunorubicin. To examine the role of PAI-1 in the nervous system, neuronally differentiated PC-12 cells (PC-12 neurons) were maintained in a PAI-1-deficient culture medium derived from daunorubicin-pretreated astrocytes. The deficiency of PAI-1 in the medium caused a significant reduction in Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL mRNAs and an increase in Bcl-XS and Bax mRNAs in PC-12 neurons at 3 h. The changes in balance between mRNA expressions of the anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins caused caspase-3 activation following the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Apoptotic morphological change and DNA fragmentation were also observed in the neuronal cells at 24 h. Addition of exogenous PAI-1 protein to the inhibitor-deficient medium blocked the apoptotic changes in PC-12 neurons. However, addition of PAI-1 antibodies to control medium caused similar apoptotic changes in PC-12 neurons. During the apoptotic processes, plasminogen activator (PA) activity in the PAI-1-deficient medium was as low as the control level. The present data suggest that PAI-1 has physiological functions other than its role as PA inhibitor for the survival of neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, 814-0180, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimeno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C494828:Bax protein, rat; C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D003630:Daunorubicin