title: cAMP protection of pancreatic cancer cells against apoptosis induced by ERK inhibition.
abstract: Large increases in cAMP concentration inside the cell are generally growth inhibitory for most cell lines of mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Moreover, recent data suggest a role of cAMP in survival of different cell types. Herein, the ability of forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase activator) and IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) to modulate cell cycle progression and survival of human pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated. We showed that forskolin + IBMX inhibited serum-induced ERK activities, Rb hyperphosphorylation, Cdk2 activity, and p27(Kip1) downregulation and caused G1 arrest in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Furthermore, forskolin + IBMX protected pancreatic cells against apoptosis induced by prolonged inhibition of ERK activities by preventing Bcl-X(L) downregulation, activation of caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9, and PARP cleavage and by inducing Bad phosphorylation (ser112). Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that cAMP is an inhibitor of cell cycle progression and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anatomie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duchesne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lainé
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morisset
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivard
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D003470:Culture Media; D006657:Histones; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020169:Caspases; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine