title: Laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion precipitating pituitary apoplexy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pituitary apoplexy may be the first presentation of a previously undiagnosed pituitary adenoma. Although many mechanisms of pituitary apoplexy have been proposed in the literature, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Many predisposing events have been implicated in the pathogenesis, however, the role of laparoscopy precipitating pituitary apoplexy has not been previously described. The authors present a case of pituitary apoplexy in a previously undiagnosed pituitary adenoma, which presented in the immediate post-operative period after a laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 45-year-old man presented with a sudden onset of headache, photophobia, diplopia, visual field deficits, and decreased visual acuity in the immediate post-operative period after an uneventful laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Results of computed tomography of the brain revealed a hyperdense suprasellar mass without any signs of subarachnoid blood. The patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed a hemorrhagic pituitary tumor with lateral and suprasellar extension, with compression of the cavernous sinus and optic chiasm, respectively. An urgent transsphenoidal decompression of the hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma was performed. Post-operatively, the patient demonstrated marked neurological improvement with recovery of visual acuity and extraocular movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of a laparoscopic procedure precipitating pituitary apoplexy. Recognition of this rare complication of laparoscopic surgery, and the importance of rapid diagnosis and urgent surgical treatment are emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nwagwu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pikus
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Couldwell
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010899:Pituitary Apoplexy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013123:Spinal Fusion