title: General and medical factors associated with hormone replacement therapy among women attending menopause clinics in Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to analyze medical and general factors associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use in women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 1999, we conducted a large cross-sectional study on the characteristics of women around menopause attending a network of first level outpatient menopause clinics for general counseling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. All women consecutively observed during the study period at the participating centers were eligible for the study. A total of 42,464 women (mean age 54 years) entered the study. The characteristics of women who had at some time used HRT were compared with those of women who were never users.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 42,464 women considered, 4,909 (11.6%) reported having used HRT at some time. In comparison with premenopausal women, the odds ratio (OR) of HRT use was 2.1 and 4.0, respectively, in women with natural and surgical menopause; the frequency of use tends to be lower in women with later age at menopause. In comparison with women reporting primary school education, the OR was 1.4 in women with a secondary or university degree. In comparison with nulliparity, the OR of HRT use was 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6-0.7) in women with two or more births. HRT use was less frequent in women reporting a history of diabetes (OR 0.7, in comparison with women with no history, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) and cardiovascular diseases (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.8) and more frequent in women with a history of osteopenia/osteoporosis (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.5), but the latter finding was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study indicate that HRT use is more common in this population in women of higher education with early age at menopause and with a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia and less frequent in women with a history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004522:Educational Status; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications; D010298:Parity; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018579:Patient Selection; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology