title: Ergonomic problems associated with laparoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Failure to understand the ergonomics of laparoscopic surgery has a potential to pose health problems for the surgeons. This study was planned to assess the prevalence, significance, and awareness of ergonomic problems associated with laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire designed to assess the frequency and degree of physical discomfort practicing surgeons experienced and their awareness of the responsible factors was distributed to approximately 350 attendees of the Live International Workshop and CME on Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery. The response sheets were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred four attendees completed the questionnaire, of whom 131 were performing laparoscopic surgery (Group A). The rest (N = 73) were practicing only conventional surgery (Group B). The correct answer to the pictorial question, which tested the correct grip technique, was 81% and 56% in Group A and B, respectively (P = 0.0003). Group A surgeons were significantly (P = 0.04) better at answering the questions on neurapraxia. There was a statistically significant (P = 0.004) increase in the frequency of finger numbness and eye strain in Group A surgeons compared with Group B. Within Group A, finger numbness (P = 0.03) and eye strain (P = 0.002) were significantly greater in the junior laparoscopic surgeons than in senior laparoscopic surgeons. Surgeons having <2 years of laparoscopic surgical experience were significantly more affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons performing laparoscopy have significant ergonomic problems, especially finger numbness and eye strain. Junior laparoscopic surgeons and surgeons with <2 years of laparoscopic surgical experience are more affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. akhemal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Charles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires