title: Complete genome sequence of a virulent isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: The 2,160,837-base pair genome sequence of an isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive pathogen that causes pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, and otitis media, contains 2236 predicted coding regions; of these, 1440 (64%) were assigned a biological role. Approximately 5% of the genome is composed of insertion sequences that may contribute to genome rearrangements through uptake of foreign DNA. Extracellular enzyme systems for the metabolism of polysaccharides and hexosamines provide a substantial source of carbon and nitrogen for S. pneumoniae and also damage host tissues and facilitate colonization. A motif identified within the signal peptide of proteins is potentially involved in targeting these proteins to the cell surface of low-guanine/cytosine (GC) Gram-positive species. Several surface-exposed proteins that may serve as potential vaccine candidates were identified. Comparative genome hybridization with DNA arrays revealed strain differences in S. pneumoniae that could contribute to differences in virulence and antigenicity.
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tettelin
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: S
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authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heidelberg
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: DeBoy
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Haft
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dodson
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authors.lastname: Durkin
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authors.lastname: Gwinn
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kolonay
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Umayam
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Salzberg
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radune
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holtzapple
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khouri
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Utterback
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Feldblyum
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angiuoli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Venter
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hollingshead
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D001482:Base Composition; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D019295:Computational Biology; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020440:Gene Duplication; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence; D012407:rRNA Operon
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006595:Hexosamines