title: Asymmetry: molecular, biologic, embryopathic, and clinical perspectives.
abstract: This overview of asymmetry addresses the following topics: chiral molecules; asymmetric signaling molecules, including N-cadherin, Shh, Fgf8, lefty1, lefty2, nodal, Pitx2, activin betaB, activin receptor IIA, and cSnR; situs abnormalities; asymmetric cell division; laterality in humans and animals; behavioral asymmetry in humans and animals; asymmetric embryopathies, including Tessier-type "clefts"; hemiasymmetries such as hemihyperplasia, hemihypoplasia, and hemiatrophy; asymmetric vascular syndromes, including Klippel-Trenaunay and Sturge-Weber syndromes; plagiocephaly of the synostotic and deformational types; somatic mosaicism, including a discussion of McCune-Albright syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, GNAS1 mutations, and Proteus syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans