title: Serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors decrease adrenergic arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase induction in the rat pineal gland.
abstract: Adrenergic regulation of the pineal enzyme serotonin N-acetyltransferase [arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT); EC 2.3.1.87] accounts for the circadian rhythm in melatonin formation. In the present study, the role of protein phosphatases in the adrenergic regulation of rat pineal AA-NAT was investigated using specific inhibitors. In cultured pineals, the serine/threonine phosphatase type 1 and type 2A inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A significantly decreased adrenergically or cAMP-induced AA-NAT activity, whereas the serine/threonine phosphatase type 2B inhibitor cypermethrin and tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor dephostatin were ineffective. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) data indicate that okadaic acid exerts its effect on cAMP-dependent AA-NAT induction by downregulating the amount of AA-NAT transcript. The 'third' messengers, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and Fos-related antigene-2 (Fra-2), are believed to play a negative role in pineal AA-NAT transcription. Okadaic acid increased the cAMP responsiveness of neither ICER mRNA nor Fra-2 mRNA. Therefore, the regulatory role of pineal serine/threonine phosphatases in adrenergically stimulated AA-NAT expression probably does not depend on ICER or Fra-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. spessert@mail.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spessert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vollrath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D051921:Fos-Related Antigen-2; D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051921:Fos-Related Antigen-2; C497874:Fosl2 protein, rat; D008387:Marine Toxins; D010080:Oxazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C059041:calyculin A; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases