title: Prognostic value of ST segment depression in acute coronary syndromes: insights from PARAGON-A applied to GUSTO-IIb. PARAGON-A and GUSTO IIb Investigators. Platelet IIb/IIIa Antagonism for the Reduction of Acute Global Organization Network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objectives were to develop a risk-stratification model addressing the importance of the magnitude and distribution of ST segment depression in predicting long-term outcomes and to validate the model in an analogous patient population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although patients without ST segment elevation presenting with acute coronary syndromes represent an increasingly frequent population admitted to coronary care units, little attention has been paid to quantifying their ST segment abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  ST segment depression was categorized into three groups: 1) no ST segment depression; 2) 1-mm ST segment depression in two contiguous leads; and 3) ST segment depression > or =2 mm in two contiguous leads. A logistic regression model was developed using Platelet IIb/IIIa Antagonism for the Reduction of Acute coronary syndrome events in a Global Organization Network (PARAGON-A) data to assess the prognostic value of the extent and distribution of ST segment depression in predicting one-year mortality. The model was validated using the non-ST segment elevation population in Global Use of Strategies To Open occluded arteries in acute coronary syndromes (GUSTO-IIb).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ST segment depression was the strongest predictor of one-year mortality, accounting for 35% of the model's predictive power. Patients with ST segment depression > or =2 mm were approximately 6 times (odds ratio [OR] 5.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8 to 11.6) more likely to die within one year than patients with no ST segment depression. On validation, the model showed good discriminatory power (c-index = 0.75). Patients with ST segment depression > or =2 mm in more than one region were almost 10 times more likely to die within one year than patients with no ST segment depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide new evidence supporting the powerful prognostic value of the baseline electrocardiogram and, in particular, the magnitude and distribution of ST segment depression in predicting unfavorable events.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moliterno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van de Werf
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013577:Syndrome