title: Current practices in the use of botulinum toxin A in the management of facial lines and wrinkles.
abstract: Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are eight antigenically distinct serotypes, and they share a similar structure--a light chain with an associated molecule of zinc and a heavy chain linked by a disulfide bond. Each serotype has a separate site of action within the nerve ending. Only serotype A (Botox, Allergan, Irvine, CA) is available for clinical use in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Otolaryngology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blitzer
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Binder
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005145:Face; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015595:Skin Aging
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A