title: Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of two novel kappa-opioid peptides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates two new kappa-agonist tetrapeptides, FE 200665 and FE 200666, with high peripheral selectivity as a result of poor central nervous system penetration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four days after administration of Freund adjuvant into the hind paw of male Wistar rats, antinociceptive effects of intraplantar and subcutaneous injection of FE 200665 and FE 200666 were measured by paw pressure algesiometry and compared with the kappa-agonist U-69,593. Peripheral and kappa-receptor selectivity was assessed by the antagonists naloxone methiodide (NLXM) and nor-binaltorphimine, respectively. Antiinflammatory effects were evaluated by paw volume plethysmometry and histologic score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar to intraplantar U-69,593, intraplantar FE 200665 (3-100 microg) and FE 200666 (1-30 microg) resulted in significant and dose-related increases of paw pressure thresholds. Higher doses of FE 200665 (0.2-20 mg) and FE 200666 (0.06-6 mg) were required by subcutaneous route to produce similar antinociceptive responses, supporting a peripheral site of action. nor-Binaltorphimine dose-dependently antagonized this effect, implying kappa-opioid selectivity. Analgesic effects of subcutaneous FE 200665 and FE 200666 were abolished by intraplantar nor-binaltorphimine, and both subcutaneous and intraplantar effects were dose-dependently antagonized by subcutaneous NLXM, further demonstrating a peripheral site of action. One to 6 days after Freund adjuvant inoculation, single and repeated intraplantar injections of FE 200665, FE 200666, and U-69,593 significantly reduced paw volume and histologic scores. Both changes were reversed by intraplantar nor-binaltorphimine and subcutaneous NLXM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FE 200665 is a peripherally selective kappa-agonist with potent analgesic and antiinflammatory properties that may lead to improved analgesic-antiinflammatory therapy compared with centrally acting opioids or standard nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. binder@medizin.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machelska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rivière
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Junien
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; C432025:FE 200666; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D009270:Naloxone; C051844:norbinaltorphimine; C432024:D-argininamide, D-phenylalanyl-D-phenylalanyl-D-norleucyl-N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-; D009271:Naltrexone; C045444:U 69593