title: Structure characterization of human RalGDS gene, and the identification of its novel variant.
abstract: RalGDS is a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral, which is a member of the Ras GTPase superfamily that regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation and transformation by mediating multiple signal transduction pathways. RalGDS can specifically promote the conversion from an inactive GDP-bound state to an active GTP-bound state for Ral. The cDNA of human RalGDS has been cloned recently. In this paper, by comparison between the gene's genomic and cDNA seqence, we determined the structure of the gene, which showed that the reported human RalGDS transcribed from 18 exons. Furthermore, a novel variant of RalGDS that codes for a protein with a different N-terminus was cloned and identified. Northern hybridization revealed that the novel transcript was of 6.0 kb in length while the transcript previously reported is of 4.0 kb. Both transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in human adult tissues examined, albeit with different amounts. In addition, this novel transcript was proved to be caused by employment of a new exon, designated as exon 1a, instead of the one, designated as exon 1b, in the reported cDNA. Thus, the RalGDS gene consists of at least 19 exons and spanned a 44 kb region. The length between exon 1a and exon 2 was 33 kb, while the length between exon 1b and exon 2 was 8.8 kb.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shangai, PR China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D020726:ral Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D020726:ral Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins