title: Prospective study of recovery following neonatal brachial plexus injury.
abstract: The prognosis for recovery from brachial plexus injury sustained at or before birth is generally favorable. However, roughly 10% of these infants remain profoundly weak and later exhibit functional disability in the affected arm. Early identification of these at-risk infants would be helpful in selecting patients for surgical management. In our prospective study, 80 infants with brachial plexus injury were examined on a monthly basis. Complete recovery occurred in 53 (66%); in 9 (11%), mild weakness persisted. In each child, recovery to antigravity strength in the biceps, triceps, and deltoid was noted by 6 months of age. Moderate arm weakness persisted in 7 children (9%); none had antigravity strength in the deltoid at age 6 months. Eleven children (14%) had severe permanent weakness (mean follow-up: 4.4 years). At age 6 months, these individuals exhibited at best 2/5 strength proximally and typically 0-1/5 strength in the wrist and finger extensors. Our results demonstrate that detailed strength testing up to 6 months of age predicts not only complete recovery of neonatal brachial plexus injury but also those children destined for long-term severe disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, USA. Noetzel@kids.wustl.edu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Noetzel
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries*; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies