title: Short-course versus conventional length antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in children: a meta-analysis of 1279 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to compare the efficacies of single-dose, short-course (4 days or less), and standard course (5 days or greater) antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated childhood cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled trials comparing 4 days or less of therapy (short courses) with 5 days or more of therapy (conventional therapy) were included if all of the subjects were <18 years of age, the initial infection was documented by urine culture, at least 1 subsequent culture was obtained between 3 and 30 days of enrollment, and some attempt was made to separate upper tract from lower tract infection. Composite differences among treatment groups were compared with a fixed or random effects model, depending on the test for heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 517 citations identified by literature search, 37 were selected for detailed review, and 22 were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall difference in cure rates between short and conventional courses of therapy was significant (6.38%; 95% CI: 1.88% to 10.89%), favoring the conventional course. Similar results were obtained when only studies comparing the same agents in the short and conventional courses were included (7.92%; 95% CI: 2.09% to 13.8%). Short-course amoxicillin was inferior to conventional length course (difference in cure rate, 13%; 95% CI: 4% to 24%); no difference was found between short-course and conventional length courses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (difference in cure rate, 6.24%; 95% CI = -3.74% to 16.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that single-dose amoxicillin is inadequate therapy for uncomplicated cystitis of childhood. Three days of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy appears to be as effective as conventional length courses of the drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Muchant
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Aronoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003556:Cystitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D010406:Penicillins; D000658:Amoxicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination