title: Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics reduces pain during intravenous catheter insertion in the pediatric patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to explore the relation between the application of a mixture of lidocaine/prilocaine cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics [EMLA]) before intravenous cannula insertion and perceived pain in the pediatric patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general inpatient pediatric ward.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 26 male and 31 female patients between the ages of 4 and 12 years who required intravenous cannula insertion. Intravenous insertion was performed on 57 patients, with 29 patients in the placebo group (mean age, 8.1 years) and 28 in the EMLA group (mean age, 8.0 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Application of either EMLA cream or placebo 45 minutes before intravenous cannulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain was scored by the patients using a 0- to 10-cm visual analogue scale combined with a Faces pain scale as well as visual observation by a nurse. Adverse side effects were recorded in a separate table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data collected and the differences between the placebo and treated groups were tested using a Mann-Whitney U test. Those children in the EMLA group (mean pain score, 1.25) experienced less pain than those in the placebo group (mean, 8.39). There was no statistical significance between age, sex, and race.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that a topical preparation of lidocaine/prilocaine significantly reduces children's pain during intravenous cannula insertion when applied to an intact dermal layer of the skin and that this effect occurs within 45 minutes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria 61537, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordoni
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cordoni
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine