title: Chronic inflammation with increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA expression in the vaginal epithelium of HIV-infected Thai women.
abstract: Thai residents have a greater risk of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than do US residents. To analyze host factors associated with heterosexual transmission, vaginal epithelial biopsies from HIV-seropositive Thai and US women were evaluated for tissue virus load and histologic makeup. In all, 84% of Thai and 14% of US women exhibited a chronic inflammatory T cell infiltrate in the vaginal epithelium. In Thai tissue, the infiltrate was associated with elevated levels of HIV RNA in the epidermis. Uninfected Thai women also had vaginal epithelial inflammation. Inflammation did not correlate with sexually transmitted diseases or HIV disease stage. The higher rates and increased risk of heterosexual transmission in Thailand may be due to chronic inflammation at the site where the virus is transmitted, which leads to the accumulation of activated T cells. Such cells might act as targets for initial viral infection and subsequently as reservoirs that support efficient transmission.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD, USA. cohnm@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rugpao
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tovanabutra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khamboonruang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: VanCott
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bhoopat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barrick
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vahey
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weissman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D013785:Thailand; D014481:United States; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral