title: The treatment of primary urethral carcinoma--the dilemmas of a rare condition: experience with partial urethrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary urethral carcinoma is a very rare condition, and no large-scale experience with such cases has been published. Treatment will therefore have to follow rules established for the treatment of similar conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six cases of primary urethral carcinoma (5 male, 1 female) who had been treated at our institution between 1995 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. In 3 male cases, a primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal urethra was treated by distal urethrectomy only. In 3 other cases with locally advanced tumors and/or lymph node metastases surgical treatment was followed by adjuvant cisplatinum-containing chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 3 cases with distal urethral carcinoma, partial urethrectomy with preservation of the penis resulted in cure, with a follow-up of 12-71 months. In the cases with advanced disease, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery has resulted in complete remissions in all 3 cases, with a follow-up of 4-47 months at present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In localized, noninvasive carcinoma of the distal male urethra, partial urethrectomy seems adequate and the avoidance of penile amputation justified. In advanced cases, after local excision and lymphadenectomy adjuvant chemotherapy which by necessity must follow the guidelines established for the treatment of other urothelial or squamous cell malignancies seems to be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden. hakenberg@debitel.net
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Hakenberg
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Froehner
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wirth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin