title: Variations of components of the plasminogen activation system with the cell cycle in benign prostate tissue and prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Components of the fibrinolytic system are involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Previous investigations suggested a cell cycle-dependent expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in epithelial cells. In order to determine a correlation of cell cycle phases with the fibrinolytic system, we investigated the expression of u-PA, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in normal and tumor-containing prostate extracts and analyzed a possible relationship with flow cytometry-determined proliferative activity of the samples. Cell cycle phases were correlated with fibrinolytic parameters in prostate tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and separated into two portions for DNA analysis and the detection of u-PA, t-PA, and PAI-1. Flow cytometric analysis was performed according to the Vindelov technique. The concentrations of u-PA, t-PA, and PAI-1 were determined from tissue extracts after homogenization by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations of u-PA and t-PA expression with the frequency of G0/G1, S, G2M, S-phase fraction (SPF), and proliferation index (PI) for normal prostate and prostate cancer revealed no significant correlation. The only significant finding was observed in normal tissue revealing a positive correlation between PAI-1 expression and G0/G1 and a negative correlation with S-phase, SPF, and PI. No dependence of PAI-1 expression on different cell phases was found in prostate cancer. Furthermore, no significant correlation of u-PA, t-PA, and PAI-1 with cell cycles in organ-confined (<pT3a) and disseminated (> or = pT3a) tumors was found. No significant correlation in prostate cancer of components of the fibrinolytic system differentiated according to tumor grade or perineural tumor infiltration and cell cycle analysis was found. Only in highly differentiated G1 (Gleason 2-4) cancer, u-PA had a significant positive correlation with G2M-phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Absence of a correlation between levels of components of the fibrinolytic system and cell cycle phases suggests that the reported association between increases of some of these components and aggressive biological behavior of prostate cancer is secondary to non-cell cycle-related mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and LBI for Urology and Andrology, Lainz Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria. plas@urologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plas
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jilch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mihaly
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melchior
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Thüroff
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pflüger
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011003:Ploidies; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator