title: p63 Gene mutations in eec syndrome, limb-mammary syndrome, and isolated split hand-split foot malformation suggest a genotype-phenotype correlation.
abstract: p63 mutations have been associated with EEC syndrome (ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate), as well as with nonsyndromic split hand-split foot malformation (SHFM). We performed p63 mutation analysis in a sample of 43 individuals and families affected with EEC syndrome, in 35 individuals affected with SHFM, and in three families with the EEC-like condition limb-mammary syndrome (LMS), which is characterized by ectrodactyly, cleft palate, and mammary-gland abnormalities. The results differed for these three conditions. p63 gene mutations were detected in almost all (40/43) individuals affected with EEC syndrome. Apart from a frameshift mutation in exon 13, all other EEC mutations were missense, predominantly involving codons 204, 227, 279, 280, and 304. In contrast, p63 mutations were detected in only a small proportion (4/35) of patients with isolated SHFM. p63 mutations in SHFM included three novel mutations: a missense mutation (K193E), a nonsense mutation (Q634X), and a mutation in the 3' splice site for exon 5. The fourth SHFM mutation (R280H) in this series was also found in a patient with classical EEC syndrome, suggesting partial overlap between the EEC and SHFM mutational spectra. The original family with LMS (van Bokhoven et al. 1999) had no detectable p63 mutation, although it clearly localizes to the p63 locus in 3q27. In two other small kindreds affected with LMS, frameshift mutations were detected in exons 13 and 14, respectively. The combined data show that p63 is the major gene for EEC syndrome, and that it makes a modest contribution to SHFM. There appears to be a genotype-phenotype correlation, in that there is a specific pattern of missense mutations in EEC syndrome that are not generally found in SHFM or LMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. H.vanbokhoven@ANTRG.AZN.NL
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Bokhoven
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bamshad
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sangiorgi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gurrieri
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Duijf
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Vanmolkot
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Beusekom
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: van Beersum
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Merkx
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tenconi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fryns
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verloes
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Newbury-Ecob
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raas-Rotschild
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Majewski
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Beemer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janecke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chitayat
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crisponi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayserili
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001483:Base Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C115051:TP63 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins