title: Increased heme oxygenase activity in splanchnic organs from portal hypertensive rats: role in modulating mesenteric vascular reactivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have recently demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 is upregulated in splanchnic organs of portal hypertensive rats. In the present study, we assessed whether heme oxygenase enzymatic activity is increased in splanchnic organs of portal hypertensive rats, and the relative contribution of heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase to the vascular hyporeactivity in portal hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heme oxygenase activity was measured in splanchnic organs of portal hypertensive and sham-operated rats. The effects of heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase inhibition on pressure responses to potassium chloride and methoxamine were assessed in perfused mesenteric vascular beds of portal hypertensive and sham-operated rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heme oxygenase activity was increased in the mesentery, intestine, liver, and spleen of portal hypertensive rats. The hyporeactivity to potassium chloride in portal hypertensive rats was overcome after simultaneous inhibition of both heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase, but only partially attenuated after nitric oxide synthase inhibition alone. The hyporeactivity to methoxamine was completely reversed after nitric oxide synthase blockade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that heme oxygenase activity is increased in splanchnic organs of portal hypertensive rats. They also suggest that heme oxygenase contributes to the hyporeactivity to potassium chloride, but not to methoxamine, in portal hypertensive rats.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition and The Liver, Biliary, Pancreatic Center, UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. mercedes.fernandez@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lambrecht
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Bonkovsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008729:Methoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C058069:zinc mesoporphyrin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D008729:Methoxamine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester