title: Vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes express MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and type I procollagen in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in tissue remodelling, which is one of the important aspects of inflammatory disease. To assess the balance between the matrix degradation and production, we analysed the in situ expression of MMP-1, -3, -8 and -9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2, and type I procollagen (PC-I) in inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry using frozen sections was performed in 17 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 16 with Crohn's disease (CD). In both UC and CD, MMPs and TIMPs were expressed by inflammatory cells as well as by fibroblastic cells most prominently in actively inflamed areas in ulcer bases, but sparsely in intact inflamed mucosa in both UC and CD. In UC, inflamed mucosa with erosions expressed these substances focally. Fibroblasts also expressed PC-I. We identified that vascular smooth muscle cells of venules in ulcer bases expressed MMP-1 and -9, TIMP-1 and PC-I. These venules also expressed E-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule to facilitate the leucocyte extravasation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, consistent with their property of newly formed vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that MMPs are involved in the tissue remodelling, angiogenesis and promotion of leucocyte extravasation in the actively inflamed area in the ulcer base in both UC and CD. MMP-1 expression in the mucosa may be related to the initial step of ulceration in UC. Therapeutic manipulation of extracellular matrix turnover would be an effective therapy to alleviate active inflammation and accelerate ulcer healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medical Science, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arihiro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiwatashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008875:Middle Aged; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020286:Pericytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011347:Procollagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D011347:Procollagen; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1