title: Rectus fascial sling for the treatment of neurogenic sphincteric incontinence in boys: is it safe and effective?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While a fascial sling for treating children with intractable urinary incontinence is often successful in girls, its effectiveness in boys remains unclear. We determined the long-term efficacy of a rectus fascial sling in boys with neurogenic sphincteric incontinence and defined its urodynamic characteristics for achieving continence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the charts of all boys who underwent a rectus fascial sling procedure for neurogenic incontinence to determine urinary continence status at the most recent office visit or by telephone interview, the type and dose of anticholinergic and sympathomimetic medications, the frequency of intermittent clean intermittent catheterization, status of the upper urinary tract and comparative urodynamic findings preoperatively and postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 7 boys 7 to 19 years old, of whom 4 were postpubertal, who fulfilled study criteria and had a followup of 1 to 9 years. In 4 patients a continent stoma was created concurrently at surgery. Postoperatively all patients were dry during the first 3 months after surgery. At the last followup 1 patient was completely dry, 3 had occasional nighttime wetting, 2 had occasional stress incontinence, and 1 had frequent daytime and nighttime wetting requiring subsequent bladder neck closure. Prepubertal and postpubertal males performed catheterization without difficulty and all required less frequent clean intermittent catheterization and medication postoperatively compared to preoperative status. None had hydronephrosis. Postoperatively urodynamic evaluation revealed normal bladder compliance, improved urethral resistance that did not decay with bladder filling and no uninhibited contractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rectus fascial sling is effective for increasing bladder outlet resistance and decreasing the degree of incontinence in prepubertal and postpubertal males with neurogenic sphincteric incontinence. It has no long-term deleterious effects on bladder function and does not impair the ability to catheterize postoperatively. A fascial sling is an effective alternative to bladder neck closure when creating a continent stoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Retik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology