title: Alopecia areata universalis in an infant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alopecia areata (AA) is common during childhood and rarely reported in infants. The four reported cases of AA in infants all exhibited circumscribed patches of alopecia that appeared at birth or shortly thereafter.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of alopecia areata universalis that developed after birth along with fingernail changes of shortening (onychomadesis) and onycholysis. Scalp biopsy at 2 years of age revealed rare, intermediate, terminal follicles in catagen associated with sparse peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This constellation of clinicopathologic features was interpreted as AA. We discuss the differential diagnosis of generalized alopecia in healthy infants, in particular, Clouston's syndrome, a hair-nail (hidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia found in this region. Genetic testing for linked polymorphisms to the Clouston gene locus were negative in this child and his parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alopecia areata should be included in the differential diagnosis of generalized alopecia presenting at or shortly after birth. For purposes of genetic counseling and prognosis, it is crucial that a correct diagnosis be made.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: LaRow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mysliborski
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000506:Alopecia Areata / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009264:Nails, Malformed; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis