title: MRI phenotype is associated with response to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage III breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The preferred management for women with stage II or locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathologic response to chemotherapy has been shown to be an excellent predictor of outcome. Surrogates that can predict pathologic response and outcome will fuel future changes in management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates that patients with LABC have distinct tumor patterns. We investigated whether or not these patterns predict response to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three women who received neoadjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for 4 cycles and serial breast MRI scans before and after therapy were evaluated for this study. Response to therapy was measured by change in the longest diameter on the MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five distinct imaging patterns were identified: circumscribed mass, nodular tissue infiltration diffuse tissue infiltration, patchy enhancement, and septal spread. The likelihood of a partial or complete response as measured by change in longest diameter was 77%, 37.5%, 20%, and 25%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI affords three-dimensional characterization of tumors and has revealed distinct patterns of tumor presentation that predict response. A multisite trial is being planned to combine imaging and genetic information in an effort to better understand and predict response and, ultimately, to tailor therapy and direct the use of novel agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA. laura.esserman@ucsfmedctr.org
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esserman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rugo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuerer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sudilovsky
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hylton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide