title: Improved pre-operative mediastinal staging in non-small-cell lung cancer by serial sectioning and immunohistochemical staining of lymph-node biopsies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mediastinal staging of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by mediastinoscopy suffers from a low sensitivity, leading to a number of patients with unforeseen N2 disease at thoracotomy. This study was undertaken to assess whether pre-operative staging could be improved by serial sectioning and immunohistochemical staining of mediastinoscopy biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 183 consecutive patients with NSCLC, a thoracotomy was performed after a thorough mediastinal staging by computed tomography scan and cervical mediastinoscopy. In 158 patients (88%), a mediastinal node dissection was performed, revealing unforeseen N2 disease in 24 cases (15%). The preserved mediastinoscopy biopsies of these patients were retrospectively serially sectioned and stained with MNF 116.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metastases could be identified in seven cases (30%), reducing unforeseen N2 disease from 15 to 10%. The number of patients who could theoretically benefit from neo-adjuvant therapy would have been increased by at least 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-operative mediastinal staging can be improved considerably by serial sectioning and immunohistochemical staining of mediastinoscopic biopsy specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Atrium Medical Centre, 6401 CX Heerlen, The Netherlands. j.oosterhuis@tip.nl
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Oosterhuis
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Theunissen
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bollen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008481:Mediastinoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care