Transendothelial migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Role of chemotactic factors.
There is increasing evidence that hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and homing is regulated not only by adhesion molecules and cytokines, but also by chemotactic factors that support transendothelial migration across the bone marrow sinusoidal endothelium. Many receptors for chemotactic mediators belong to the family of G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors (7-TMR). Signaling via G proteins, particularly Gi proteins, results in a chemotactic response of the cells towards a gradient of the corresponding ligand. Recent studies have provided evidence for expression of several 7-TMR on immature hematopoietic progenitor cells, which potentially mediate chemotactic effects: chemokine receptors (e.g., CXCR4, receptor for stromal cell-derived factor-1), receptors for lipid mediators (e.g., the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor cysLT1 and the peripheral cannabinoid receptor cb2), and receptors for neuroendocrine hormones (e.g., the somatostatin receptor sst2). From these studies it can be concluded that migration of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells is controlled by a variety of chemotactic factors rather than by a single chemokine (e.g., SDF-1). Trafficking of immature hematopoietic cells may require combined and interactive regulatory functions of these mediators.
Möhle
R
R
Dept. of Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. robert.moehle@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Bautz
F
F
Denzlinger
C
C
Kanz
L
L
D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000502:physiology; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002465:Cell Movement; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004727:Endothelium / Q000502:physiology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D017998:Leukotriene D4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D005810:Multigene Family; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin; D017998:Leukotriene D4; C412375:cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2; C093733:somatostatin receptor 2; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C083169:leukotriene D4 receptor; D015282:Octreotide; C078814:anandamide