title: Tilted implants as an alternative to maxillary sinus grafting: a clinical, radiologic, and periotest study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Owing to mechanical and anatomic difficulties, implant treatment in the atrophic maxilla represents a challenge. The maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure is still not universally accepted because of its complexity and its unpredictability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, a combination of tilted and axial implants was used in patients with severely resorbed posterior maxillae as an alternative to sinus grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients were rehabilitated with 29 fixed partial prostheses supported by 101 Brånemark System implants. Fifty-nine implants were installed in an axial and 42 in a tilted direction. The average follow-up period was 37 months (range: 21-87 mo post loading).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 5 years, the implant cumulative success rate was 95.2% (survival: rate 100%) for the tilted implants and 91.3% (survival rate: 96.5%) for the axial implants, and the prosthesis survival rate was 100%. At the fifth year, the average marginal bone loss was 1.21 mm for the tilted implants and 0.92 mm for the axial ones. The mean Periotest values (PTV) at loading time were -2.62 and -3.57, and after 5 years the PTVs were -4.73 and -5.00 for the tilted and the axial implants, respectively. During the follow-up, all prostheses but two were mechanically stable, retightening of 18 abutment screws and of 5 gold screws in 14 prostheses was done, and fracture of two abutment screws and two occlusal surfaces was experienced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that the use of tilted implants is an effective and safe alternative to maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Handicap Research, University of Göteborg, Sweden. cpob@arrakis.es
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perales
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rangert
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016348:Osseointegration; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants