title: Nitric oxide modulates evoked catecholamine release from canine adrenal medulla.
abstract: Nitric oxide has various actions, acting in a neurotransmitter-like role and also as a paracrine messenger between vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. This study was done to determine whether endogenous nitric oxide has a role in modulating evoked catecholamine release from the canine adrenal medulla. Isolated adrenal glands were perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution as a control, or with Krebs-Ringer solution containing either N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 3x10(-4) M) to non-selectively inhibit nitric oxide synthase or 7-nitroindazole (10(-4) M), a relatively selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Catecholamine release was evoked using the nicotinic cholinergic agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodine. From the collected perfusate epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Previous studies have shown that in the presence of L-NMMA, basal releases of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are increased. 7-Nitroindazole had no effect on basal catecholamine release, suggesting that nitric oxide from an endothelial source was responsible for the inhibition of basal catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine and norepinephrine releases were augmented when either of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors was added during submaximal nicotinic stimulation, indicating that endogenous nitric oxide inhibited release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Both neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthases appeared to be responsible for this inhibition. In summary, these studies suggest that nitric oxide, from both neuronal and endothelial sources, modulates evoked catecholamine release from canine adrenal medulla, while nitric oxide from an endothelial source is most likely responsible for modulation of catecholamine release under basal conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic/Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. barnes.roxann@mayo.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tyce
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rorie
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004246:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004246:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C080122:7-nitroindazole; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine