title: Pyruvate inhibits hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a limiting factor in liver transplantation. We have recently shown that pyruvate (PY) inhibits intestinal and renal I/R injury. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of PY on hepatic I/R injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACI rats were treated with PY, whereas control animals received placebo. Rats were killed after 60 min of partial hepatic ischemia and after 2, 6, 24, and 48 hr of reperfusion. For each time point, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured, and liver biopsy specimens were obtained to evaluate morphology, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate 48 hr after I/R was 83% in the control group, and 100% in the PY-treated group (P>0.05). Increased enzymatic levels and histologic findings showed increased liver damage in the untreated group compared with PY. In control rats, apoptosis was enhanced after 1 hr of ischemia and peaked after 2 hr of reperfusion, to decrease gradually 48 hr after reperfusion; in the PY group apoptosis was delayed and reduced. After 1 hr of ischemia, the number of apoptotic nuclei was significantly increased in control livers compared with normal preischemic livers, whereas the number was significantly reduced by PY. After 2 hr of reperfusion, the maximum number of apoptotic cells was observed, whereas PY significantly reduced the amount of apoptotic cells (P<0.05). Apoptosis was delayed in PY-treated livers to 6 hr after reperfusion, peaking at a significantly lower count compared with placebo-treated controls (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that PY has a protective effect on I/R injury of the liver.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Division, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sileri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schena
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rastellini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cicalese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D007511:Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019289:Pyruvic Acid