title: Protein kinase C-delta regulates thrombin-induced ICAM-1 gene expression in endothelial cells via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: The procoagulant thrombin promotes the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to endothelial cells by a mechanism involving expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. We now provide evidence that protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway play a critical role in the mechanism of thrombin-induced ICAM-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. We observed the phosphorylation of PKC-delta and p38 MAP kinase within 1 min after thrombin challenge of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Pretreatment of these cells with the PKC-delta inhibitor rottlerin prevented the thrombin-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that p38 MAP kinase signals downstream of PKC-delta. Inhibition of PKC-delta or p38 MAP kinase by pharmacological and genetic approaches markedly decreased the thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activity and resultant ICAM-1 expression. The effects of PKC-delta inhibition were secondary to inhibition of IKKbeta activation and of subsequent NF-kappaB binding to the ICAM-1 promoter. The effects of p38 MAP kinase inhibition occurred downstream of IkappaBalpha degradation without affecting the DNA binding function of nuclear NF-kappaB. Thus, PKC-delta signals thrombin-induced ICAM-1 gene transcription by a dual mechanism involving activation of IKKbeta, which mediates NF-kappaB binding to the ICAM-1 promoter, and p38 MAP kinase, which enhances transactivation potential of the bound NF-kappaB p65 (RelA).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. ARahman@uic.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Platanias
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C497258:PRKCD protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D013917:Thrombin