title: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy developed during hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) developed in relation to estrogen combined with progesterone therapy has not been reported previously. We report a case of a 56-year-old postmenopausal woman who during estrogen/progesterone treatment developed signs and symptoms of orbitopathy. The patient had no previous history of autoimmune- or thyroid disorders. The initial eye symptoms disappeared after withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy. Five years later estrogen/progesterone treatment was re-instituted. The patient had relapse of orbitopathy. The hormones were discontinued and the eye symptoms disappeared again. This suggests that estrogen and/or progesterone could be of some pathogenetic importance in the induction of orbitopathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Department of Ophthalmology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Øgard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Øgard
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Almdal
mesh_terms: D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone