title: Evaluation of endoscopic and laparoscopic training practices in surgical residency programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to adequately train surgical residents in flexible and rigid endoscopy has become a difficult challenge for program directors. The American Board of Surgery requires residents to be familiar in these procedures but the methods for training have not been well defined nor formally outlined. The goals of this study were to evaluate resident experience in flexible endoscopy and laparoscopy and to investigate the specific methods used by surgical programs for the training of residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was created by the authors and the Resident Education Committee of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons and was mailed to all program directors in general surgery in the United States based on the data base of the Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six of 283 surveys were returned (33.9%). The surgeon played a greater role in flexible endoscopic training in 1998 as compared to 1988 (p=0.002). When analyzed by type of institution, community programs showed a similar trend but this was not seen in academic programs. Formal endoscopy rotations existed in 60% of programs but flexible endoscopy (5.2%) and laparoscopy (10.4%) fellowships were uncommon. No significant differences in the number of advanced laparoscopic procedures performed were found between academic and community programs. The presence of a laparoscopic fellow did not significantly decrease the number of cases per resident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our survey, surgery departments have a greater impact on flexible endoscopic training in 1998 than in 1988. This is likely due to the creation of formal endoscopy rotations and the hiring of fellowship trained endoscopic instructors. In addition, community programs have been able to provide adequate experience in both basic and advanced laparoscopic techniques as compared to academic programs. As with flexible endoscopy, however, formal laparoscopic rotations may be necessary to allow more intensive experience for each resident.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 6770 Mayfield Road 222, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pritts
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Scheeres
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000592:standards; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000592:standards; D003479:Curriculum; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data