title: Mammalian expression cloning of two human trophoblast suppressors of major histocompatibility complex genes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human trophoblasts suppress interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-simulated expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes and thereby protect the conceptus from maternal immune attack. The mechanism of this suppression is poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  IFN-gamma-responsive HeLa cells were stably transfected with trophoblast cDNA expression libraries and screened by negative immunoselection with an antibody to HLA-DR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two suppressor cDNAs were isolated. One encoded the untranslated RNA trophoblast STAT utron (TSU), which blocked STAT1 nuclear translocation and can theoretically form triplex RNA-DNA at the class II transactivator gene promoters. The other encoded the N-terminal 28 residues of chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS). TSU-related genes were detected in human and macaque but not in mouse, genomic DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetics of two human trophoblast MHC suppressors suggest that these functions have been gained in human placenta in recent evolutionary history. TSU and hCS play critical roles in suppression of MHC genes, which may lead to silencing by DNA methylation.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Immunobiology, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. jpeyman@curagen.com
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Peyman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008251:Macaca; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000235:genetics*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010928:Placental Lactogen