title: Psychological factors and hyperemesis gravidarum.
abstract: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition of severe, intractable nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It has long been held that HG is a psychosomatic illness reflective of a long-term psychological trait, that is, conversion disorder. We investigated this possibility by conducting a two-phase study: (1) a comparison of women with (n = 9) and without (n = 10) HG during pregnancy and (2) a comparison of nonpregnant women who did (n = 10) and did not (n = 12) have HG during their most recent pregnancies. The pattern of findings differed between experiments 1 and 2. During pregnancy, women with HG scored significantly higher on three scales associated with conversion disorder (all p values <0.01) than did women without HG. There were no significant differences between HG subjects and controls after pregnancy. We find no support for the theory that HG is a psychosomatic condition. Rather, it appears to be a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, California, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Buckwalter
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Buckwalter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003291:Conversion Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016387:Women's Health