title: 3-D COSMOS: a new 3-D model based computerised operation simulation and navigation system.
abstract: A new three-dimensional (3-D) model based system for preoperative planning, simulating the operation and transfer of the operation from 3-D model to patient (navigation) is to be introduced. A computer controlled digitizer with specially designed software enables 3-D measurement and symmetry analysis on the 3-D model with a precision better than 0.01 mm (SD: 0.05 mm, range: -0.2 to +0.04 mm). Translocations of the jaws during simulation are electronically registered with 6D-position sensors and displayed graphically and numerically on the PC screen (measurement accuracy 0.01 mm, 0.002 degrees). A precise transfer of positional data from the model to the patient in the operating theater is necessary if 3-D model operations are to be made. The position transfer (navigation) system to be introduced depends on a neurosurgical headframe on the patient, enabling an easy and three-dimensionally precise transfer of the planned jaw position to the patient. The three-dimensional precision of the positional transfer is 0.05 mm (SD: 0.144 mm, range: -0.36 to +0.69 mm). This new method allows for the first time exact three-dimensional simulation of operation and precise transfer to the patient. Especially in the case of asymmetric malformation and complex dysgnathia, the new method facilitates optimal symmetric and aesthetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical School University of Graz, Austria. gert.santler@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santler
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D004954:Esthetics; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012984:Software; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted