Upper extremity venous gangrene following coronary artery bypass. A case report and review of the literature.
Acute symptomatic upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are estimated to account for only 2-4% of all deep vein thrombosis. Upper extremity DVT leading to phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) occurs in an estimated 2-5% of these cases. Progression of PCD to venous gangrene is extremely rare with only 16 previously reported cases in the literature. Only 7 of the cited cases document significant tissue loss. This report describes a 61-year-old male who developed upper extremity DVT complicated by PCD which led to venous gangrene and limb loss.
Sullivan
V V
VV
Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, 5325 Elliott Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
Wolk
S W
SW
Lampman
R M
RM
Prager
R L
RL
Hankin
F M
FM
Whitehouse
W M
WM
D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005734:Gangrene / Q000209:etiology; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin