title: Effects of prednisone on the cellular responses and release of cytokines and mediators after segmental allergen challenge of asthmatic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic glucocorticoids are a major therapy for the management of allergic inflammation and asthma; however, information about their effects in vivo are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to examine the effects of prednisone on inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and cellular responses in the model of segmental allergen challenge (SAC) of allergic asthmatic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of a 3-day pretreatment with oral prednisone (30 mg twice daily) on the physiologic and inflammatory responses to SAC were studied in 10 allergic asthmatic subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prednisone improved baseline FEV(1) by 10% and modestly inhibited the SAC-induced fall in FEV(1) at 30 minutes and at 6 to 8 hours. Five minutes after challenge, levels of histamine, PGD(2), 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2), and thromboxane B(2) increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (median increase, 5- to 14-fold); prednisone did not inhibit these responses. Prednisone inhibited (median decrease, 66%-97%) the total influx of inflammatory cells, specifically eosinophils, basophils, and some subsets of T lymphocytes (CD4, CD45RA, and CD45RO cells) assessed 19 hours after SAC, but it did not inhibit the influx of neutrophils. Increases in soluble E-selectin, kinins, and albumin were also inhibited by the glucocorticoid (median decrease, 36%-74%). Prednisone treatment inhibited the appearance of mRNA, protein, or both for T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), as well as for IL-2 and transforming growth factor alpha, but did not inhibit increases of immunoreactive GM-CSF in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies indicate that prednisone suppresses multiple components of allergic airway inflammation, including cell recruitment, adhesion molecule expression or release, airway permeability, and production of cytokines potentially involved in airway immunity or remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-6801, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Proud
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bochner
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stealey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Freidhoff
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schleimer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D019040:E-Selectin; D015777:Eicosanoids; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011241:Prednisone