title: The dento-epithelial junction: cell adhesion by type I hemidesmosomes in the absence of a true basal lamina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The junctional epithelium (JE) is a unique structure that makes contact with both a non-renewable hard tooth surface and with a basement membrane (BM) facing the connective tissue. Ultrastructurally, this attachment occurs through hemidesmosomes (HD) and a basal lamina-like extracellular matrix which, on the tooth side, is termed the internal basal lamina. In this study we investigated the expression of basal cell markers in the tooth-facing (TF) cells of JE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of healthy marginal gingiva were removed by careful dissection. The expression of laminin-5 was used to indicate TF cell preservation in double immunofluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that integrin alpha6beta4 and laminin-5 colocalize unequivocally in the TF cells. The results also show the specific expression of the basal cytokeratin 14 and the alpha(v) integrin subunit in the TF cells. All 3 major hemidesmosomal components BP180, BP230, and HD1 antigen are likewise present. On the other hand, type IV collagen, laminin-1/10, type VII collagen, and the BM proteoglycan perlecan are all absent from the dento-epithelial junction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the epithelium-tooth interface is a unique structure wherein epithelial cells adhere by means of bona fide hemidesmosomes to an epithelium-derived extracellular matrix lacking most of the common BM components. Moreover, TF cells differ from connective tissue facing (CTF) cells, not only by their cell surface molecules and their production of extracellular matrix, but also by their cytoskeletal architecture.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland. marketta.hormia@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hormia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Owaribe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000032:analysis; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003239:Connective Tissue Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000071821:Dystonin; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D022002:Hemidesmosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D039161:Integrin alpha6beta4; D039564:Integrin alphaV; D016023:Integrins / Q000032:analysis; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D007797:Laminin / Q000032:analysis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D024041:Non-Fibrillar Collagens; D051190:Plectin; D014070:Tooth / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000097794:Kalinin; D000097805:Collagen Type XVII
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001324:Autoantigens; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003094:Collagen; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D000071821:Dystonin; D000939:Epitopes; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D039161:Integrin alpha6beta4; D039564:Integrin alphaV; D016023:Integrins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D007633:Keratins; D007797:Laminin; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D024041:Non-Fibrillar Collagens; D051190:Plectin; D000097794:Kalinin; D000097805:Collagen Type XVII; C486268:DST protein, human; C495332:PLEC protein, human; C071927:perlecan