title: Perception of fear, distress and pain by parents of children undergoing a micturating cystourethrogram: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether parents' expectations of their child's fear, distress or pain during a micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) are realized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study in which parents were asked to fill out two questionnaires using a visual analogue scale, one before (pre) and the other after the MCU procedure (post), was conducted at a tertiary level paediatric hospital in Sydney, Australia. The questionnaires were designed to compare the parents' anticipated and experienced anxiety about their child's procedure and their perception of fear, distress and pain in their child during and after the procedure. The parents' satisfaction with information provided to them on the procedure was also recorded. Twenty-five parents participated in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between anticipated and experienced parental anxiety. Parents' reporting of fear, distress and pain in their child during the MCU and after the procedure was lower than they had anticipated. There was a significant correlation between the parents' anxiety and their perception of severity of their child's fear (r = 0.52, P = 0.009), distress (r = 0.48, P = 0.017) and pain (r = 0.50, P = 0.01) during the procedure, but less so with the child's distress after the procedure (r = 0.39, P = 0.059). The parents were satisfied with the information given to them regarding the MCU procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents' perception of their child's fear, distress and pain during the MCU, as well as distress following the MCU, was not as severe as they had anticipated. Parental anxiety is an important factor in the perception of fear, distress and pain in children during and after the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kainer
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002666:Psychology, Child; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014567:Urography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*