Prevalence of HIV-1 and oral lesions in pregnant women in rural Malawi.
OBJECTIVE
Whether oral lesions were associated with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) status in a cohort of pregnant Malawian women was studied.


METHODS
Six hundred thirty-eight women participated in a randomized prospective study at 3 prenatal clinics in a rural area of southern Malawi. Oral examinations, followed by collection of oral fluid specimens with an HIV-1 oral specimen collection device, were performed. The specimens were tested for antibodies against HIV-1.


RESULTS
Sixty-one oral lesions were found in 60 participants. While traditional HIV-1 associated lesions were rare, benign migratory glossitis was unexpectedly common (6%). Oral hairy leukoplakia was significantly more common among women who were HIV-1 positive than among women who were HIV-1 negative. An HIV-1 prevalence rate of 21.8% was estimated among the women, with the highest rate of HIV-1 infection (34.1%) among women aged 25 to 29 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Stratifying lesions showed a small number of oral hairy leukoplakia to be markers for HIV-1. A high seroprevalence was found in this rural cohort, but there were unexpectedly few oral lesions. The relatively few oral lesions diagnosed may indicate a recent infection with HIV.
Muzyka
B C
BC
WHO Collaborating Center in Oral Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia., University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
Kamwendo
L
L
Mbweza
E
E
Lopez
N B
NB
Glick
M
M
Matheson
P B
PB
Kershbaumer
R
R
Nyrienda
T
T
Malamud
D
D
Constantine
N T
NT
Thompson
J
J
Nyasulu
Y
Y
Saville
R
R
Berthold
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005929:Glossitis, Benign Migratory / Q000453:epidemiology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology
D015483:HIV Antibodies