title: The ABILHAND questionnaire as a measure of manual ability in chronic stroke patients: Rasch-based validation and relationship to upper limb impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic hemiparetic patients often retain the ability to manage activities requiring both hands, either through the use of the affected arm or compensation with the unaffected limb. A measure of this overall ability was developed by adapting and validating the ABILHAND questionnaire through the Rasch measurement model. ABILHAND measures the patient's perceived difficulty in performing everyday manual activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred three chronic (>6 months) stroke outpatients (62% men; mean age, 63 years) were assessed (74 in Belgium, 29 in Italy). They lived at home and walked independently and were screened for the absence of major cognitive deficits (dementia, aphasia, hemineglect). The patients were administered the ABILHAND questionnaire, the Brunnström upper limb motricity test, the box-and-block manual dexterity test, the Semmes-Weinstein tactile sensation test, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. The brain lesion type and site were recorded. ABILHAND results were analyzed with the use of Winsteps Rasch software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Rasch refinement of ABILHAND led to a change from the original unimanual and bimanual 56-item, 4-level scale to a bimanual 23-item, 3-level scale. The resulting ability scale had sufficient sensitivity to be clinically useful. Rasch reliability was 0.90, and the item-difficulty hierarchy was stable across demographic and clinical subgroups. Grip strength, motricity, dexterity, and depression were significantly correlated with the ABILHAND measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ABILHAND questionnaire results in a valid person-centered measure of manual ability in everyday activities. The stability of the item-difficulty hierarchy across different patient classes further supports the clinical application of the scale.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Unit, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tesio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnould
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zancan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thonnard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D010291:Paresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*