title: Effects of age on tissues and regions of the cerebrum and cerebellum.
abstract: Normal volunteers, aged 30 to 99 years, were studied with MRI. Age was related to estimated volumes of: gray matter, white matter, and CSF of the cerebrum and cerebellum; gray matter, white matter, white matter abnormality, and CSF within each cerebral lobe; and gray matter of eight subcortical structures. The results were: 1) Age-related losses in the hippocampus were significantly accelerated relative to gray matter losses elsewhere in the brain. 2) Among the cerebral lobes, the frontal lobes were disproportionately affected by cortical volume loss and increased white matter abnormality. 3) Loss of cerebral and cerebellar white matter occurred later than, but was ultimately greater than, loss of gray matter. It is estimated that between the ages of 30 and 90 volume loss averages 14% in the cerebral cortex, 35% in the hippocampus, and 26% in the cerebral white matter. Separate analyses were conducted in which genetic risk associated with the Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele was either overrepresented or underrepresented among elderly participants. Accelerated loss of hippocampal volume was observed with both analyses and thus does not appear to be due to the presence of at-risk subjects. MR signal alterations in the tissues of older individuals pose challenges to the validity of current methods of tissue segmentation, and should be considered in the interpretation of the results.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA. tjernigan@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Archibald
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fennema-Notestine
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gamst
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hesselink
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E