title: Stille couplings catalytic in tin: the "Sn-O" approach.
abstract: A one-pot tandem Pd-catalyzed hydrostannylation/Stille coupling protocol for the stereoselective generation of vinyltins and their subsequent union, employing only catalytic amounts of tin, is described. By recycling the organotin halide Stille byproduct back to organotin hydride, a hydrostannylation/cross-coupling sequence can be carried out with catalytic amounts of tin. Such a process is most effective with Me(3)SnCl serving as the tin source. This protocol allows a 94% reduction of the tin requirement, while maintaining good yields (up to 90%) for a variety of Stille products. Furthermore, since one cycle requires the tin to undergo at least four transformations, each moiety of trialkyltin is experiencing a minimum of 60 reactions over the course of the hydrostannylation/Stille sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Terstiege
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Maleczka
mesh_terms: D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014001:Tin / Q000737:chemistry*; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D017971:Tin Compounds; D010165:Palladium; D014001:Tin; C045358:stannic oxide