title: Left ventricular pacing through coronary sinus tributaries: initial experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular pacing is increasingly being used as a part of biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure but data on safety, feasibility, reliability and lead maturation are sparse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients (13 males and 4 females) with persistent symptomatic degenerative complete heart block underwent temporary left ventricular pacing by a left subclavian puncture through the coronary sinus to its tributaries using a unipolar permanent pacing lead connected to an external pulse generator. The left ventricular pacing was done for two weeks. Permanent right ventricular apical pacing was also done at the same time through a right cephalic vein cut-down or subclavian puncture and the pacing rate was kept below that of the initial left ventricular pacing rate. Pacing parameters of the left and right ventricles were assessed at the time of implantation and at two weeks. Out of 17 patients, left ventricular pacing was successful in 11 (67.7%) patients. The time taken for the total procedure was 56+/-18.1 min. Lead displacement was noted in one patient without loss of pacing. At the time of implant and after two weeks, left ventricular pacing threshold, impedance, R wave height and slew rate were not different as compared to right ventricular pacing. Holter recording for 24 hours revealed regular left ventricular pacing at the end of two weeks in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that left ventricular pacing through coronary sinus tributaries is feasible and reliable. Acute and subacute maturation of left ventricular pacing are similar to right ventricular apical pacing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical College, Lucknow.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Saran
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rathi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Narain
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Puri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged