title: Color Doppler imaging study of retrobulbar hemodynamics in chronic angle-closure glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) by using color Doppler imaging (CDI) and to correlate the degree of glaucomatous visual field loss with the hemodynamic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six Chinese patients with CACG and 26 age-matched and gender-matched normal subjects were recruited. All CACG patients had history of chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and asymmetric visual field defects between their fellow eyes. After receiving laser peripheral iridotomy and/or filtration surgery, all of them had bilateral medication-free controlled IOP before enrolling into the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each subject underwent CDI measurement in the central retinal artery (CRA) and the nasal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (PCA). Visual fields of the CACG patients were obtained with Humphrey 24-2 program. The visual field defects were scored with the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) system. For each CACG patient, the eye with lower AGIS score was defined as the better eye and the eye with higher score as the worse eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peak-systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EDV in the CRA and the temporal PCA was decreased significantly (P = 0.041 and 0.023, respectively) in the worse eyes of CACG patients compared with those in the control eyes. The better eyes of CACG patients showed no significant change in hemodynamic parameters compared with the control eyes. While comparing the fellow eyes of CACG patients, the worse eyes had significantly lower EDV in the temporal PCA (P = 0.012) than the contralateral better eyes. In 11 CACG patients with a difference of at least 8 in AGIS visual field scores between their fellow eyes, the worse eyes had significantly lower EDV (P = 0.041) in the CRA and lower PSV (P = 0.018) and EDV (P = 0.018) in the temporal PCA compared with those in the contralateral eyes. In multivariate regression analysis, the AGIS scores were significantly correlated with the PSV in the CRA (P = 0.015) and with the EDV (P < 0.001) and RI (P = 0.027) in the temporal PCA in patients with CACG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with well-controlled CACG may have decreased retrobulbar blood flow velocities and increased vascular resistance in the CRA and temporal PCA. The degree of retrobulbar hemodynamic impairment was well correlated with the degree of glaucomatous visual field loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D018463:Filtering Surgery; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007498:Iris / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014794:Visual Fields