title: Effects of alcohol-related disease on hip fracture and mortality: a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of alcohol-related disease on hip fracture and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort design was used. The study cohort consisted of hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries with alcohol-related disease (n = 150,119) and randomly matched controls without alcohol-related disease (n = 726,218) identified through the 1988-1989 inpatient claims file. Incidence rates of hip fracture and mortality were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 20,620 patients developed hip fracture, with 6973 cases among patients with alcohol-related disease and 13,647 cases among patients without alcohol-related disease. After adjustment for potential confounders, patients with alcohol-related disease had a 2.6-fold increased risk of hip fracture relative to patients without alcohol-related disease (95% confidence interval = 2.5, 2.6). Patients with alcohol-related disease had a higher risk of mortality at 1 year after hip fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol-related disease increases the risk of hip fracture significantly and reduces long-term survival. The present results suggest that patients hospitalized for alcohol-related disease should be targeted for hip fracture prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. yuan@hal.cwru.edu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Einstadter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cebul
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rimm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications*; D014487:Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology