title: Potentiation of kinin analogues by ramiprilat is exclusively related to their degradation.
abstract: The potentiation of kinin actions represents a cardioprotective property of ACE inhibitors. Although a clear contribution to this effect is related to the inhibition of bradykinin (BK) breakdown, the high efficacy of potentiation and the ability of ACE inhibitors to provoke a B(2)-receptor-mediated response even after receptor desensitization has also triggered hypotheses concerning additional mechanisms of kinin potentiation. The application of kinin analogues with enhanced metabolic stability for the demonstration of degradation-independent mechanisms of potentiation, however, has yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the relation between the susceptibility of B(2)-agonists to ACE and the potentiation of their actions by ACE inhibitors was investigated with the use of minimally modified kinin derivatives that varied in their degree of ACE resistance. The B(2)-agonists BK, D-Arg-[Hyp(3)]-BK, [Hyp,(3) Tyr(Me)(8)]-BK, [DeltaPhe(5)]-BK, [D-NMF(7)]-BK, and [Phe(8)psi(CH(2)-NH)Arg(9)]-BK were tested for degradation by purified rabbit ACE and for their potency in contracting the endothelium-denuded rabbit jugular vein in the absence and presence of ramiprilat. Purified ACE degraded D-Arg-[Hyp(3)]-BK and [Hyp,(3) Tyr(Me)(8)]-BK at 81% and 71% of BK degradation activity, respectively, whereas other peptides were highly ([DeltaPhe(5)]-BK) or completely ([D-NMF(7)]-BK, [Phe(8)psi(CH(2)-NH)Arg(9)]-BK) resistant. The EC(50) of BK-induced venoconstriction (1.15+/-0.2 nmol/L) was reduced by a factor of 5.7 in the presence of ramiprilat. Likewise, D-Arg-[Hyp(3)]-BK and [Hyp,(3) Tyr(Me)(8)]-BK were both significantly potentiated by a factor of 4.4, whereas the activities of the other agonists were not affected. Ramiprilat exerted no influence on the maximum contraction induced by any of the agonists. It is concluded that the potentiation of kinin analogues during ACE inhibition correlates quantitatively with the susceptibility of each substance to degradation by ACE. As such, no evidence of degradation-independent potentiating actions of ACE inhibitors could be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lübeck, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Lübeck, Germany. dendorfe@medinf.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dendorfer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reibetamann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolfrum
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raasch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dominiak
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007705:Kinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D017257:Ramipril / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007705:Kinins; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; C052549:ramiprilat; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D017257:Ramipril; D001920:Bradykinin