title: Vitrification of mouse oocytes in ethylene glycol-raffinose solution: effects of preexposure to ethylene glycol or raffinose on oocyte viability.
abstract: We investigated the effects of preexposure to ethylene glycol (EG) or raffinose on the viability of vitrified mouse oocytes. Ovulated oocytes at the metaphase II stage were preexposed either to 2 M EG for 0, 2, or 5 min or to ascending concentrations (0.15 followed by 0.3 M ) of raffinose solution for 2, 5, or 10 min each (here referred to as 2-2, 5-5, and 10-10 min, respectively). The oocytes were then exposed to a vitrification solution (VS), 6 M EG + 0.3 M raffinose, for 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 min and then vitrified or immediately diluted. After warming, the developmental capacity of oocytes was determined after in vitro fertilization. Volume changes in oocytes during preexposures and exposure to the VS were also investigated. The results demonstrated that preexposure to 2 M EG allowed shorter exposure times of oocytes to the VS and that predehydration in raffinose solutions for 5-5, but not 2-2 or 10-10 min, allowed a wider range of exposure times to the VS. Experiments on volume change suggested that the optimum time of exposure to the VS depends on the amount of EG permeation after preexposure to 2 M EG or to raffinose solutions. Preexposures to 2 M EG or raffinose under optimized conditions increased the viability of vitrified-warmed oocytes compared to direct exposure to VS without preexposures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: dela Peña
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Atabay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D011887:Raffinose / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D012996:Solutions; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D011887:Raffinose