title: Metabolic cues for puberty onset in free grazing Holstein heifers naturally infected with nematodes.
abstract: Leptin is a new plausible candidate for the molecular link between nutritional status and the reproductive axis. In previous studies we described that continuous natural nematode infections in heifers retarded growth and delayed the onset of puberty, and that the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was involved. In the present study we monitored the leptin levels during development in heifers naturally parasitized versus those chronically treated with ivermectin and we investigated whether growth hormone (GH) accounted for the differences in IGF-I previously noted. Insulin levels were also measured. Prolactin hormone was recorded as an indicator of immune system activation. We found a direct correlation between leptin and body weight during development and a prepubertal surge of the hormone 2 weeks before the first progesterone peak that indicates the onset of puberty. This suggests that leptin may act as a signal for this event. Insulin did not vary during growth and prepuberty. On the other hand, GH as not responsible for diminished IGF-I levels in parasitized animals as levels were similar in both groups. The GH levels were high at birth and then diminished rapidly and remained constant during development and puberty. The last hormone studied, prolactin, followed seasonal changes of sunlight duration and presented sporadic bursts in infected animals. These were related to high nematode infection and are probably involved in the immune response of the host.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, CONICET Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Díaz-Torga
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mejia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Iglesias
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Formia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becú-Villalobos
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lacau-Mengido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020738:Leptin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D011374:Progesterone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007559:Ivermectin; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone