title: Cost of drugs manufactured by the university hospital--role of the Central Pharmacy.
abstract: The hospital pharmacy in large and advanced institutions has evolved from a simple storage and distribution unit into a highly specialized manipulation and dispensation center, responsible for the handling of hundreds of clinical requests, many of them unique and not obtainable from commercial companies. It was therefore quite natural that in many environments, a manufacturing service was gradually established, to cater to both conventional and extraordinary demands of the medical staff. That was the case of Hospital das Clínicas, where multiple categories of drugs are routinely produced inside the pharmacy. However, cost-containment imperatives dictate that such activities be reassessed in the light of their efficiency and essentiality.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, the output of the Manufacturing Service of the Central Pharmacy during a 12-month period was documented and classified into three types. Group I comprised drugs similar to commercially distributed products, Group II included exclusive formulations for routine consumption, and Group III dealt with special demands related to clinical investigations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings for the three categories indicated that these groups represented 34.4%, 45.3%, and 20.3% of total manufacture orders, respectively. Costs of production were assessed and compared with market prices for Group 1 preparations, indicating savings of 63.5%. When applied to the other groups, for which direct equivalent in market value did not exist, these results would suggest total yearly savings of over 5 100 000 US dollars. Even considering that these calculations leave out many components of cost, notably those concerning marketing and distribution, it might still be concluded that at least part of the savings achieved were real.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed savings, allied with the convenience and reliability with which the Central Pharmacy performed its obligations, support the contention that internal manufacture of pharmaceutical formulations was a cost-effective alternative in the described setting.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faintuch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faintuch
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cipriano
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003363:Cost Control; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000191:economics*; D016527:Drug Costs; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000191:economics*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D011446:Prospective Studies