title: Higher occupancy of muscarinic receptors by olanzapine than risperidone in patients with schizophrenia. A[123I]-IDEX SPECT study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro data have shown anticholinergic properties of the atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine. Substantial occupancy of muscarinic receptors may be an explanation for the low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects induced by olanzapine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain an in vivo measurement of muscarinic receptor occupancy by olanzapine compared with risperidone in patients with schizophrenia stabilised on medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine and five patients treated with risperidone were studied. Muscarinic receptor occupancy in the striatum and cortex was studied in vivo with SPECT using [123I]-IDEX as a radioligand. SPECT data were compared with those of six healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients stabilised on olanzapine showed significantly lower mean (+/-SD) striatal and cortical (1.50+/-0.21 and 1.51+/-0.22, respectively) muscarinic receptor binding ratios of [123I]-IDEX (reflecting higher levels of muscarinic receptor occupancy) than controls (3.91+/-0.61 and 3.65+/-0.70, respectively). Furthermore, [123I]-IDEX binding ratios in patients treated with risperidone were slightly lower than controls, reaching significance only in the striatum (2.99+/-0.27 versus 3.91+/-0.61, for risperidone and controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The substantial occupancy of muscarinic receptors in the striatum and cortex by olanzapine may be an explanation for the low incidence and severity of extrapyramidal side effects of this antipsychotic drug. Furthermore, it may also explain the anticholinergic side effects of olanzapine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.lavalaye@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavalaye
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Booij
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Linszen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reneman
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van Royen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018967:Risperidone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine