title: Analgesic use and renal function in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several case-control studies suggest an association between analgesic use and increased risk of chronic renal disease, but few cohort studies have examined this association.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether analgesic use is associated with risk of renal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study of analgesic use data from the Physicians' Health Study, which lasted 14 years from September 1982 to December 1995 with annual follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11 032 initially healthy men who provided blood samples and self-report of analgesic use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elevated creatinine level defined as 1.5 mg/dL (133 micromol/L) or higher and a reduced creatinine clearance defined as 55 mL/min (0.9 mL/s) or less, and self-reported use of acetaminophen, aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (never [<12 pills]; 12-1499 pills; 1500-2499 pills; and >/=2500 pills).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 460 men had elevated creatinine levels (4.2%) and 1258 had reduced creatinine clearance (11.4%). Mean creatinine levels and creatinine clearances were similar among men who did not use analgesics and those who did, even at total intakes of 2500 or more pills. In multivariable analyses adjusted for age; body mass index; history of hypertension, elevated cholesterol, and diabetes; occurrence of cardiovascular disease; physical activity; and use of other analgesics, the relative risks of elevated creatinine level associated with intake of 2500 or more pills were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-1.39; P for trend =.05) for acetaminophen, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.53-1.81; P for trend =.96) for aspirin, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.71-1.64; P for trend =.86) for other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. No association was observed between analgesic use and reduced creatinine clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate analgesic use in this cohort study of initially healthy men was not associated with increased risk of renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA. gaziano@maveric.org
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rexrode
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Youngman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D003404:Creatinine; D001241:Aspirin