title: Characterizing the migration of antioxidants from polypropylene into fatty food simulants.
abstract: The migration (diffusion and equilibrium) processes of antioxidants (AOs) from polypropylene (PP) films of different thicknesses into n-heptane and 95% ethanol as fatty food simulants were analysed at 20, 37 and 60 degrees C. Heptane fully extracted the AOs from the polymer while a partition equilibrium described the migration to ethanol. The kinetics of migration were also studied via the diffusion coeffcients. As expected, diffusion was found to be faster when the polymer was in contact with heptane, due to polymer swelling by the solvent. The kinetics of the process in ethanol was described by different theoretical expressions which are discussed. Equations disregarding partition equilibrium failed to describe the process and the diffusion coefficient values obtained through them were much smaller than the actual ones and dependent on film thickness. The results also showed the significance of food simulant selection in the analysis of food-packaging interactions and migration variability with thickness.
authors.affiliation: School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1223, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garde
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catalá
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gavara
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004058:Diffusion; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry; D018857:Food Packaging; D006536:Heptanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005223:Fats; D006536:Heptanes; D011126:Polypropylenes; D000431:Ethanol; C028618:n-heptane