title: Adenosine A(1) receptors mediate plasma exudation from the oral mucosa.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to pharmacologically characterize the adenosine receptor subtype(s) that mediates adenosine-induced increases in macromolecular efflux from the intact hamster cheek pouch. Using intravital microscopy, we found that 1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-xanthine (PACPX), a selective adenosine receptor-1 antagonist, but not 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), a selective adenosine receptor-2 antagonist, significantly attenuated adenosine-induced leaky site formation and increased clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (molecular mass, 70 kDa) from the intact hamster cheek pouch (P < 0.05). Both compounds had no significant effects on bradykinin-induced responses. Nanomolar concentrations of R(-)-N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine [R(-)-PIA], a selective adenosine A(1) agonist, evoked significant, concentration-dependent increases in macromolecular efflux. This response was significantly attenuated by PACPX but not by DMPX. In contrast, CGS-21680, a selective adenosine A(2) agonist, increased macromolecular efflux but only at micromolar concentrations. This response was significantly attenuated by DMPX but not by PACPX. Suffusion of nitroglycerin had no significant effects on R(-)-PIA- and CGS-21680-induced responses. In addition, suffusion of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, had no significant effects on adenosine-induced responses. Indomethacin had no significant effects on adenosine-, R(-)-PIA-, and CGS-21680-induced increases in macromolecular efflux. Collectively, these data indicate that adenosine increases macromolecular efflux from the intact hamster cheek pouch by stimulating high-affinity adenosine A(1) receptors in a specific, nitric oxide- and prostaglandin-independent fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. IRubinst@uic.edu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandilawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003911:Dextrans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology*; D013805:Theobromine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D010627:Phenethylamines; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014970:Xanthines; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine; C057837:3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine; C046379:1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D000241:Adenosine; D013805:Theobromine; D001920:Bradykinin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin