title: Age- and gender-related growth hormone responses to intravenous clonidine in healthy adults.
abstract: The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine stimulates growth hormone (GH) release in both animals and humans. It has been used to test for GH deficiency in children, to assess central alpha(2)-adrenoceptor function in adults and to determine the pathophysiological basis and to confirm diagnosis in neurological diseases with autonomic failure. The dose and mode of administration, however, may be important, as in some studies in adults oral clonidine has minimal effects on GH. We report our experience following intravenous (i.v.) clonidine (2 microg/kg) in 98 normal adults on the neuroendocrine (GH, insulin, glucose and catecholamine) and cardiovascular (blood pressure) responses. In males between 25 and 89 years and females between 25 and 64 years there was a significant rise in GH secretion (P < 0.05) after clonidine. Males showed an age-sensitive secretory pattern, with the greatest response between 25 and 35 years (P < 0.02). Younger males (< 45 years) had significantly higher peak GH levels post-clonidine than younger females < 45 years (P < 0.03). No sex-related change was observed in older subjects (< 45 years). Clonidine caused a significant fall in plasma noradrenalin and adrenalin in all age-sex groups (P< 0.001). There were no significant changes in glucose or insulin. There were no effects of age on the fall in blood pressure induced by clonidine. In conclusion, i.v. clonidine stimulated GH in all age groups and there was a marked sexually dimorphic pattern in adults < 45 years. The results overall suggest that i.v. clonidine-GH testing provides a reliable method for investigation of central alpha(2)-adrenergic function in adult humans.
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Medicine Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sivenandan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mathias
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D007328:Insulin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D003000:Clonidine