title: Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, fails to inhibit hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization in the neonatal rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has been shown to prevent angiogenesis in diverse in vitro models. We evaluated its effect on retinal neovascularization in vivo, using a neonatal rat retinopathy model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used, on alternating days, hypoxia (10% O2) and hyperoxia (50% O2) during the first 14 days of neonatal rats, to induce retinal neovascularization. Half of the rats were injected subcutaneously with octreotide 0.7 microg/g BW twice daily. At day 18 the eyes were evaluated for the presence of epiretinal and vitreal hemorrhage, neovascularization and epiretinal proliferation. Octreotide pharmacokinetics and its effect on serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were examined in 28 rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum octreotide levels were 667 microg/l two hours after injection, 26.4 microg/l after nine hours and 3.2 microg/l after 14 hours. GH levels were decreased by 40% (p = 0.002) two hours after injection but thereafter returned to baseline. IGF-I levels were unchanged two hours after injection and were elevated by 26% 14 hours after injection (p = 0.02). Epiretinal membranes were highly associated with epiretinal hemorrhages (p < 0.001), while retinal neovascularization was notably associated with vitreal hemorrhages (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twice-daily injections of octreotide failed to produce sustained decrease in serum GH, but produced rebound elevation of serum IGF-I. Accordingly, no statistically significant effect of injections on retinal pathology was noted. This finding, however, does not contradict our assumption that GH suppression may decrease the severity of retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. edward@md2.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Averbukh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halpert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanko
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yanko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peèr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levinger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flyvbjerg
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D018496:Hyperoxia; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D015282:Octreotide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D015282:Octreotide