title: Modification of a choledochoscope for extraction of difficult biliary stones.
abstract: Cholelithiasis is a common problem in the United States, affecting 10 to 15 per cent of the population. Although only one per cent of these patients have intrahepatic gallstones their discovery intraoperatively may present a technical challenge for the surgeon. This paper describes a simple method for dislodging difficult intrahepatic biliary stones: modification of a rigid choledochoscope to permit use of a biliary Fogarty catheter and Segura basket under direct visualization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Pennsylvania-Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerhard
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kerstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002404:Catheterization; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019723:Endoscopes; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015641:Radiography, Interventional