title: Vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice display an atrial conduction defect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors are essential regulators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in both embryos and adults. One of the factors with a still unknown physiological function is VEGF-B, which is expressed in many tissues, including the heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice carrying a targeted deletion in the VEGF-B gene were developed. In VEGF-B(-/-) animals, no gross abnormalities were observed in organs that normally show high expression of VEGF-B, such as the heart, muscle, and kidney. Analysis of heart function by ECG showed that adult VEGF-B(-/-) mice have an atrial conduction abnormality characterized by a prolonged PQ interval. VEGF- or basic fibroblast growth factor-induced corneal angiogenesis was similar in normal and VEGF-B(-/-) mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF-B seems to be required for normal heart function in adult animals but is not required for proper development of the cardiovascular system either during development or for angiogenesis in adults.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aase
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Euler
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pontén
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thorén
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gebre-Medhin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pekny
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alitalo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Betsholtz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D004562:Electrocardiography; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics; D005328:Fetal Viability / Q000235:genetics; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006720:Homozygote; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042561:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042561:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2