Hypoxia-inducible factor and the development of stem cells of the cardiovascular system.
Decreased oxygen (O2) levels activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) to induce genes involved in glycolysis, glucose transport, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis. Mutations in various HIF-1 subunits have contributed to our understanding of the role hypoxia plays during early embryonic development in general and the cardiovascular system in particular. We propose that HIF-1 is important for the generation, proliferation, maintenance, and differentiation of the early cardiovascular system. Understanding aberrations in these hypoxic responses is important since they contribute to serious human disease such as ischemia and tumorigenesis. In this review we will focus on the critical role of O2 in regulating cardiovascular events during early embryonic development.
Ramírez-Bergeron
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DL
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Simon
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MC
D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010100:Oxygen