title: Adjuncts to local anesthesia: separating fact from fiction.
abstract: Adjunctive local anesthetic techniques and their armamentaria, such as intraosseous injection, computer-controlled delivery systems, periodontal ligament injection and needleless jet injection, have been proposed to hold particular advantages over conventional means of achieving local anesthesia. This article describes the use of each technique and proprietary armamentarium and reviews the literature appraising their use.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007277:Injections, Jet; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local