title: Development of a technique for the in vivo assessment of flatulence in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a noninvasive method for the in vivo assessment of flatulence in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 adult dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rectal gases were collected via a perforated tube held close to each dog's anus and attached to a monitoring pump fitted with a sensor that recorded hydrogen sulfide concentrations every 20 seconds. Patterns of flatulence were monitored for 14 hours after feeding on 4 days, and within- and between-dog variation was assessed over 4 hours on 4 consecutive days. Rate of hydrogen sulfide production (flatulence index) and frequency and number of emissions were evaluated as potential indicators of flatus characteristics. An odor judge assigned an odor rating to each flatulence episode, and the relationship between that rating and hydrogen sulfide concentration was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flatulence patterns varied within and between dogs. Variation was most pronounced for flatulence index; mean coefficients of variance within dogs over time and between dogs on each day were 75 and 103%, respectively. Flatus with hydrogen sulfide concentrations > 1 parts per million could be detected by the odor judge, and severity of malodor was highly correlated with hydrogen sulfide concentration. Odor ratings were accurately predicted by use of the equation 1.51 X hydrogen sulfide concentration(0.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique described in this report appears to provide sensitive, reliable, and relevant data and will enable further studies of the factors that influence flatulence in dogs. Use of this technique also has the potential to aid in investigations of colonic physiology and pathology.
authors.affiliation: Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perez-Camargo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gettinby
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Butterwick
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Batt
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Giffard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005414:Flatulence / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide