title: Pulmonary gas exchange and sputum cellular responses to inhaled leukotriene D(4) in asthma.
abstract: Inhalational challenges with inflammatory mediators may provoke lung function disturbances similar to those shown in spontaneous acute asthma. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) have recently been established as mediators of bronchoconstriction in asthma but their effects on pulmonary gas exchange in asthma have not been assessed. We therefore investigated the effects of leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) challenge resulting in a significant decrease in FEV(1) (mean +/- SE, by 32 +/- 3%) in 13 nonsmoking, mild asthmatics. Respiratory system resistance (Rrs), and respiratory and inert gases were measured before and immediately after, and at 15 and 45 min after challenge. After bronchoprovocation, Rrs increased (by 106 +/- 12%), Pa(O(2)) decreased (by 25 +/- 4 mm Hg), and ventilation-perfusion distributions moderately to severely deteriorated, as shown by increases in the dispersions of pulmonary blood flow (Log SDQ, by 59 +/- 12%) and alveolar ventilation (Log SDV, by 65 +/- 20%) (p < 0.05 each). Sputum eosinophils (p < 0.05) and urinary LTE(4) (p < 0.005) increased after challenge. Despite the lack of mathematical correlations between spirometric and Rrs changes and gas exchange indices, the pattern of improvement of the functional variables after challenge ran in parallel. These findings support the evidence that CysLTs, in addition to being potent bronchoconstrictors, also provoke profound disturbances of pulmonary gas exchange in asthma.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lèrgia Respiratòria, Departament de Medicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villaroel 170, 08036-Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Echazarreta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlén
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agustí
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barberà
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dahlén
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Roisin
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017998:Leukotriene D4 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D017998:Leukotriene D4