title: Safety and efficacy of high dose etanercept in treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate safety and efficacy of high dose etanercept (> 0.8 mg/kg, maximum 25 mg subcutaneously twice weekly) (Enbrel) in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and inadequate prior response to standard dose etanercept.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 8 children (6 girls, 2 boys, mean age 8.4 yrs, range 5-16 yrs). Five children had systemic onset, polyarticular course JRA; 2 had polyarticular onset; and one had pauciarticular onset, polyarticular course JRA. All children had failed at least 3 mo (mean 9 mo) treatment with standard dose etanercept (0.4 mg/kg SC twice a week). All 8 children had increase in the etanercept dose to at least 0.8 mg/kg (mean 1.1 mg/kg, maximum 25 mg SC twice weekly) for a mean of 7 mo (range 3-10 mo). Efficacy of high dose etanercept was evaluated by changes in joint count, laboratory data, and ability to decrease concomitant medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements in the joint count and laboratory findings (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and platelet count) were observed in 2 of 8 (25%) children. In these 2, concomitant prednisone was reduced or discontinued. In contrast, no changes in disease activity or laboratory findings were observed in the other 6 children. Overall, high dose etanercept was well tolerated. No laboratory abnormalities were detected and no child withdrew because of adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High dose etanercept is safe and well tolerated in children, but efficacy seems limited. In children with unsatisfactory response to standard dose etanercept, an increased dose or treatment prolongation may not offer any additional benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA. syuji@m2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Groh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shaham
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept