title: Reduced amide bond peptidomimetics. (4S)-N-(4-amino-5-[aminoakyl]aminopentyl)-N'-nitroguanidines, potent and highly selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: Selective inhibition of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) could be therapeutically useful in the treatment of certain disease states arising from the overproduction of nitric oxide. Recently, we reported nitroarginine-containing dipeptide amides (Huang, H; Martasek, P.; Roman, L. J.; Masters, B. S. S.; Silverman, R. B. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 3147.) and some peptidomimetic analogues (Huang, H; Martasek, P.; Roman, L. J.; Silverman, R.B. J. Med Chem. 2000, 43, 2938.) as potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal NOS (nNOS). Here, reduced amide bond pseudodipeptide analogues are synthesized and evaluated for their activity. The deletion of the carbonyl group from the amide bond either preserves or improves the potency for nNOS. Significantly, the selectivities for nNOS over eNOS (endothelial NOS), and iNOS (inducible NOS) are greatly increased in these series. The most potent nNOS inhibitor among these compounds is (4S)-N-(4-amino-5-[aminoethyl]aminopentyl)-N'-nitroguanidine (7) (K(i) = 120 nM), which also shows the highest selectivity over eNOS (greater than 2500-fold) and 320-fold selectivity over iNOS. The reduced amide bond is an excellent surrogate of the amide bond, and it will facilitate the design of new potent and selective inhibitors of nNOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hah
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martásek
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry; D006146:Guanidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat