title: A repetitive element containing a critical tyrosine residue is required for transcriptional activation by the EWS/ATF1 oncogene.
abstract: Chromosomal fusion of the N-terminal region of the Ewings Sarcoma Oncogene (EWS-activation-domain, EAD) to the DNA-binding domains of a variety of cellular transcription factors produce oncogenic proteins (EWS-fusion proteins (EFPs)) that cause distinct malignancies. In EFPs, the EAD acts as a potent transcriptional activation domain and this ability is repressed in the context of normal, non-tumorigenic, EWS. Trans-activation by the EAD is therefore a specific characteristic of EFPs and it is thought that EFPs induce tumorigenesis via improper transcriptional activation of cellular genes. Functional elements required for transcriptional activation are dispersed throughout the EAD, as are thirty-one copies of a Degenerate Hexapeptide Repeat (DHR, consensus SYGQQS). This suggests that the EAD contains a highly reiterated functional element related to DHRs. Here we show that in the context of EWS/ATF1, the EFP that causes malignant melanoma of soft parts, trans-cooperation by small regions of the EAD ( approximately 30 residues) results in potent transcriptional activation dependent on the conserved tyrosine residues present in DHRs. These findings provide the first evidence for a role of DHRs in EAD-mediated trans-activation and demonstrate that the EAD represents a novel tyrosine-dependent transcriptional activation domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R. China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics*; D009857:Oncogenes; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C111598:EWS-ATF1 fusion protein, human; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014443:Tyrosine