title: Combination of benzo[a]phenothiazines with acyclovir against herpes simplex virus.
abstract: The combined antiviral effects of some benzo[a]phenothiazines and 9-[2-hydroxy(ethoxy)methyl]guanine (acycloguanosine, acyclovir, ACV) on the multiplication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were studied using Vero cells. The antiviral effect of ACV on a wild strain of HSV-2 was enhanced in the presence of 5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine and 6-methyl-5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine in a yield reduction test. A mathematical formula was used to interpret the drug interaction and a synergistic effect was found with a combination of ACV and benzo[a]phenothiazines. The effect of simultaneous application of two benzo[a]phenothiazines on the multiplication of HSV-2 strain during serial passages was also investigated. The combinations of 5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine or 6-methyl-5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine with ACV at a low concentration using serial passages of a plaque-purified ACV sensitive HSV-2 strain, reduced the infective virus population. A similar effect was also found on the activity of other benzo[a]phenothiazine derivatives. When the two most effective derivatives of 5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine or 6-methyl-5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine were simultaneously used with ACV against a wild type HSV-2 strain during consecutive passages, the infective virus titres were decreased, but their effect was only moderate. These results suggest that a combination of some benzo[a]phenothiazines with ACV might enhance their antiviral activity probably by reduction of the mutagenic rate in the virus populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, 10, H-6720, Dóm tér, Hungary.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mucsi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motohashi
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004357:Drug Synergism; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012692:Serial Passage; D014709:Vero Cells; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: C436405:5-oxo-5H-benzo(a)phenothiazine; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010640:Phenothiazines; C107575:benzophenothiazine; C436406:6-methyl-5-oxo-5H-benzo(a)phenothiazine; D000212:Acyclovir