title: Neointimal and tubulointerstitial infiltration by recipient mesenchymal cells in chronic renal-allograft rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue remodeling depends on mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts) and is a prominent feature of chronic renal-transplant rejection. It is not known whether the mesenchymal cells that participate in remodeling originate locally or from circulating precursor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained biopsy specimens of renal allografts from six male recipients of an allograft from a female donor, four female recipients of an allograft from a male donor, two male recipients of an allograft from a male donor, and two female recipients of an allograft from a female donor. All the allografts were undergoing chronic rejection. All but two specimens were obtained within six months after transplantation. We used immunohistochemical methods to identify mesenchymal cells with smooth-muscle alpha-actin and in situ hybridization to identify mesenchymal cells with Y-chromosome DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No Y-chromosome bodies were identified in the case of the two renal-allograft specimens in which both the donor and the recipient were female. In the case of the two renal-allograft specimens in which both the donor and the recipient were male, approximately 40 percent of mesenchymal cells contained a Y-chromosome body. In the case of the six specimens in which the donor was female and the recipient was male, a mean (+/-SD) of 34+/-16 percent of mesenchymal cells in the neointima, 38+/-12 percent of such cells in the adventitia, and 30+/-7 percent of such cells in the interstitium contained the Y-chromosomal marker, indicating that they originated from the recipient rather than the donor. In the case of the four renal-allograft specimens in which the donor was male and the recipient was female, the respective values were 24+/-15 percent, 33+/-9 percent, and 23+/-8 percent, indicating a persistent population of donor mesenchymal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of mesenchymal cells of host origin in the vascular and interstitial compartments of renal allografts undergoing chronic rejection provides evidence that a circulating mesenchymal precursor cell has the potential to migrate to areas of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0831, USA. pgrimm@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Savani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Rush
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002465:Cell Movement; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology*; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004247:DNA