title: Melatonin provides signal 3 to unprimed CD4(+) T cells but failed to stimulate LPS primed B cells.
abstract: Growing evidence has supported the conclusion that melatonin, a pineal hormone, modulates the immune function. In our previous study, we evaluated in vivo the potential role of melatonin in the regulation of the antigen specific T and B cells. In the present study, we observe that melatonin down-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule B7-1 but not B7-2 on macrophages. Further, melatonin encouraged the proliferation of anti-CD3 antibody activated CD4(+) T cells only in the presence of antigen-presenting cells and promoted the production of Th2-like cytokines. Furthermore, it failed to influence the activity of B cells in a T-independent manner. Melatonin suppressed the release of TNF-alpha by LPS or IFN-gamma activated macrophages but failed to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) release. Thus the study shows that melatonin can engineer the growth of unprimed CD4(+) T cells if both the signals are provided by antigen-presenting cells. However, it could not regulate the function of B cells.
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raghavendra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Shaji
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Agrewala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006825:Hybridomas; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008934:Mitogens / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D017252:CD3 Complex; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008934:Mitogens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016685:Mitomycin; D007372:Interferons; D008550:Melatonin