title: New Zealand Maori family with the pro250arg fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation associated with craniosynostosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large New Zealand Maori family has non-syndromic coronal craniosynostosis, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant mutation with variable expression. The aim of the study is to determine whether the family has the pro250arg mutation in the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), a mutation found in patients with various types of craniosynostosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen members of a New Zealand Maori family were evaluated, of whom five have coronal synostosis. A family pedigree tracing six generations was recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were drawn for genomic DNA analysis from 14 family members. Polymerase chain reaction, restriction-enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing was performed to identify the pro250arg mutation in FGFR3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven family members were heterozygous for the pro250arg mutation in FGFR3. The mutation showed autosomal dominance with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data and those of other investigators suggest that we should begin integrating molecular diagnosis with phenotypic diagnosis of craniosynostoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Hand Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. smoko@middlemore.co.nz
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Moko
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Blandin de Chalain
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000235:genetics*; D003596:Cytosine; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities; D015870:Gene Expression; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics; D006147:Guanine; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009520:New Zealand; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D006147:Guanine; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D003596:Cytosine; D001120:Arginine; D011392:Proline; C496365:FGFR3 protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3