title: Immunization and symptoms of atopic disease in children: results from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the hypothesis that immunization is related to the prevalence of atopic disease in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to perform an ecologic analysis of national and local immunization rates for tuberculosis, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP), and measles and prevalence of atopic disease symptoms (asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 13- to 14-year-old children, there were significant negative associations with local birth-year immunization rates for DTP and measles but none with rates for tuberculosis. No associations were found in 6- to 7-year-old children. No associations with national immunization rates were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  International variations in childhood atopic diseases are unlikely to be explained by variations in immunization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE UK. r.anderson@sghms.ac.uk
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Poloniecki
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beasley
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Björkstén
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Asher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004485:Eczema / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid