title: Management and outcome of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in hospitals with and without on-site catheterisation facilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the availability of on-site catheterisation and revascularisation facilities influenced hospital management and outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with acute myocardial infarction were enrolled prospectively in four nationwide surveys during 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998. The characteristics, management, and outcome of patients with cardiogenic shock were compared between hospitals with on-site catheterisation facilities (group 1; 18 hospitals) and without such facilities (group 2; 8 hospitals).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5351 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 254 (4.7%) developed cardiogenic shock. Group 1 patients (n = 186 of 3854; 4.6%) were younger (mean (SD) age, 69.6 (12) v 73.7 (10) years, p = 0.006) and had a lower proportion of women (36% v 52%, p = 0.03) than group 2 (n = 68 of 1243; 5.2%). There was no difference in other characteristics including the use of thrombolysis. Group 1 patients more often underwent coronary angiography (26% v 4%, p < 0.001), angioplasty (21% v 4%, p = 0.002), and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (28% v 4%, p < 0.001). Seven day mortality was lower among group 1 than among group 2 patients (61% v 77%, p = 0.02), even after age and sex adjustment (odds ratio (OR) 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28 to 1.02). This outcome benefit persisted at 30 days (74% v 88%, p = 0.01; OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.98), and at 6 months (80% v 90%, p = 0.06; OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greater use of invasive and interventional procedures in hospitals with catheterisation facilities is associated with improved survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Immediate availability of invasive care facilities will improve the outcome of cardiogenic shock in the community setting.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Soroka Medical Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Barbash
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasdai
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003325:Coronary Care Units / Q000600:supply & distribution; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*