title: Effects of epidural anesthesia on microcirculatory blood flow in free medial saphenous fasciocutaneous flaps in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of epidural anesthesia using lidocaine on microcirculatory blood flow, volume, and velocity in free fasciocutaneous flaps in dogs. Study Design-In vivo experimental investigation. Animal Population-Ten adult dogs weighing 20 to 25 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  A medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free flap was removed and an orthotopic transfer was performed by anastomosing the primary flap vessels back to the medial saphenous vessels. Blood flow (mL(LD)/min/100 g), volume (%volume or tissue hematocrit) and velocity (mm/s) in the flap were recorded throughout the procedure. After epidural anesthesia, blood flow, volume, and velocity values were again recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microcirculatory blood flow, volume, and velocity, as measured by a laser-Doppler flowmeter, failed to reveal any significant changes over time. Immediately after epidural anesthesia, mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced and remained depressed throughout the experimental procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia does not improve microcirculatory flow in free flaps in the pelvic limbs of dogs. No significant change in blood flow to the medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free flap occurred after division and anastomosis of the vascular pedicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine be used with caution in dogs undergoing microvascular free-flap transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Broadstone
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Degner
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000502:physiology*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine