title: The sprained ankle.
abstract: The sprained ankle is the most common musculoskeletal injury seen by physicians caring for active youngsters and adults. It accounts for approximately one fourth of all sports-related injuries and is commonly seen in athletes participating in basketball, soccer, or football. It has been shown that one third of West Point cadets suffer an ankle sprain during their 4 years at the military academy. While diagnosis and management of the sprained ankle is usually straightforward, several serious injuries can masquerade as an ankle sprain, and it is important for the clinician to recognize these to prevent long-term morbidity. In this article the basic anatomy of the ankle, mechanisms by which the ankle is injured, and the differential diagnosis of the acutely injured ankle are reviewed. Appropriate evaluation of the injured ankle and the criteria that should be utilized for determining the necessity of radiographs are discussed as well as management of the acutely sprained ankle and the role of prevention in reducing the risk of ankle injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Puffer
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*