title: Rectal compliance, capacity, and rectoanal sensation in fecal incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessments of the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence are skewed toward anal sphincter function; however, rectal compliance, rectoanal sensation and capacity may also be relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usual and some novel diagnostic approaches in fecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 22 unselected patients with fecal incontinence (21 F, 33-75 yr), we quantified: 1) symptoms, anorectal manometry, and anal ultrasound; 2) anal perception of temperature and light touch; 3) rectal sensitivity and compliance to distension; and 4) rectal reservoir function. Control values were obtained from two groups of 11 (seven F, 32-53 yr), and 32 (18 F, 19-44 yr) volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had urge (14), passive (four), or combined (four) fecal incontinence; symptoms were mild in three, moderate in nine, and severe in 10 patients. Most had low sphincteric pressures and ultrasonic abnormalities. Temperature perception was impaired (p < 0.05) in incontinent patients, to a greater extent in the proximal anal canal and in patients with passive, as opposed to urge, incontinence. Intraluminal pressures for sensations of rectal distension were lower in incontinent patients (p = 0.02). Artificial stools elicited sensations of rectal filling at lower volumes than did a barostat bag, and in patients with urge, as opposed to passive, incontinence. In patients and controls, the sensation of urgency was associated (r2 = 0.2, p < 0.01) with rectal compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirm that temperature sensation is impaired, and perception of rectal distension is not always reduced in fecal incontinence. Artificial stool tended to induce sensations at lower volumes than did balloon inflation. Altered sensory mechanisms may contribute to the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Research Unit and Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salvioli
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rath-Harvey
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pemberton
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003187:Compliance; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011312:Pressure; D012372:ROC Curve; D012007:Rectum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012677:Sensation; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013697:Thermosensing; D014463:Ultrasonography