title: Vasopressin versus epinephrine for inhospital cardiac arrest: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival rates for cardiac arrest patients, both in and out of hospital, are poor. Results of a previous study suggest better outcomes for patients treated with vasopressin than for those given epinephrine, in the out-of-hospital setting. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness and safety of these drugs for the treatment of in-patient cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a triple-blind randomised trial in the emergency departments, critical care units, and wards of three Canadian teaching hospitals. We assigned adults who had cardiac arrest and required drug therapy to receive one dose of vasopressin 40 U or epinephrine 1 mg intravenously, as the initial vasopressor. Patients who failed to respond to the study intervention were given epinephrine as a rescue medication. The primary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge, survival to 1 h, and neurological function. Preplanned subgroup assessments included patients with myocardial ischaemia or infarction, initial cardiac rhythm, and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assigned 104 patients to vasopressin and 96 to epinephrine. For patients receiving vasopressin or epinephrine survival did not differ for hospital discharge (12 [12%] vs 13 [14%], respectively; p50.67; 95% CI for absolute increase in survival 211.8% to 7.8%) or for 1 h survival (40 [39%] vs 34 [35%]; p50.66; 210.9% to 17.0%); survivors had closely similar median mini-mental state examination scores (36 [range 19-38] vs 35 [20-40]; p50.75) and median cerebral performance category scores (1 vs 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We failed to detect any survival advantage for vasopressin over epinephrine. We cannot recommend the routine use of vasopressin for inhospital cardiac arrest patients, and disagree with American Heart Association guidelines, which recommend vasopressin as alternative therapy for cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. istiell@ohri.ca
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Stiell
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Vandemheen
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Higginson
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Battram
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watpool
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Weitzman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007238:Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008643:Mesentery / Q000098:blood supply; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012449:Safety; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins; D004837:Epinephrine