title: A retrospective analysis of the results of p(65) + Be neutrontherapy for the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma at the cyclotron of Louvain-la-Neuve. Part I: Survival and progression-free survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate survival, progression-free survival (PFS) and biological response in a series of patients irradiated with mixed neutron/photon beams for locally advanced prostate cancer in our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and eight patients were treated between January 1990 and December 1996. Fifty-five of these were recruited for pT3 or pN1 tumors after radical prostatectomy. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation was given in 106 patients. The treatment protocol consisted of a mixed photon/neutron irradiation in a two-to-three proportion, up to a total equivalent dose of 66 Gy (assuming a clinical RBE value of 2.8). Pre- and post-treatment PSA determinations were available in practically all cases. Study endpoints were overall survival (OAS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to investigate the prognostic value of baseline characteristics on survival and progression-free survival were a progression was defined as local, regional, metastatic or biological progression. Mean age was 69 years (49-86); mean pretreatment PSA was 15 (0.5-330) in all patients and 14 (0.5-160) in those receiving neoadjuvant hormonotherapy; seven patients only had an initial PSA < or = 4 ng/mL; 15% were T1, 46% were T2, 28% were T3 or pT3 and 4% were T4 (7% unspecified); WHO grade of differentiation was I in 38%, II in 38% and III in 14% (5% unspecified).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 2.8 years (0-7.8). Five-year overall survival (OAS) was 79% (95% CI: 71-87%) and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 64% (95% CI: 54-74%) for the entire series. PFS in patients with an initial PSA > or = 20 ng/mL was the same. PFS could be predicted by two optimal Cox regression models, one including histological grade (p = 0.003) and initial PSA (p = 0.0009) as cofactors, the other including histological grade (p = 0.003) and T stage (p = 0.02). The main prognostic factors for overall survival were PSA and age. Biological responses with PSA < 1.5 ng/mL, < 1 ng/mL and < 0.5 ng/mL at any time after treatment were documented in 70%, 61% and 47% of the patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five-year OAS was 79%, PFS was 64%, and biological response was 70% for prostate cancer patients treated with mixed photon/neutron beams as applied at Louvain-la-Neuve, which are good results as compared with the literature. The usual prognostic factors were confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital St. Luc, UCL, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Scalliet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Remouchamps
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lhoas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Glabbeke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ledent
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wambersie
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Cangh
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018450:Disease Progression; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009502:Neutrons; D017785:Photons; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen