title: Type I interferons and IL-12: convergence and cross-regulation among mediators of cellular immunity.
abstract: Therapeutic use of type I IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) has become common. Many of the diverse diseases targeted are marked by pathogenetic abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity (CMI), these cellular immune responses either causing injury to the host, lacking sufficient vigor for virus or tumor clearance, or both. In general, therapeutic efficacy is limited. It is thus notable that the pleiotropic effects of type I IFN on CMI remain poorly understood. We characterized the effects of type I IFN on the production of IL-12, the central immunoregulatory cytokine of the CD4(+) T cell arm of CMI. We show that type I IFN are potent inhibitors of IL-12 production by human monocytes/macrophages. The underlying mechanism involves transcriptional inhibition of the IL-12p40 gene, marked by down-regulation of PU.1 binding activity at the upstream Ets site of the IL-12p40 promoter. Type I IFN have previously been shown to be able to substitute for IL-12 in driving IFN-gamma production from T and NK cells. The ability of IFN-alpha/beta to suppress IL-12 production while up-regulating IFN-gamma production suggests a possible mechanistic basis for the difficulties of employing these cytokines in diseases involving abnormalities of CMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Byrnes
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trinchieri
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Karp
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020218:Response Elements; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D016899:Interferon-beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015846:Monokines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1