Dose reduction of steroid premedication for paclitaxel: no increase of hypersensitivity reactions.
BACKGROUND
Premedication with dexamethasone, ranitidine and clemastine is mandatory for patients receiving paclitaxel to avoid hypersensitivity reactions. The proposed dexamethasone dose is 20 mg orally 12 and 6 h prior to paclitaxel infusion. With this premedication severe hypersensitivity reactions are reduced to 1-2% of the treated patients. Besides this oral schedule a single dose of dexamethasone, 40 mg given i.v., just prior to paclitaxel has been shown to be equally effective. In an attempt to reduce steroid-induced side effects, especially for patients receiving weekly paclitaxel protocols, we reduced the dexamethasone dose.


METHODS
A total of 132 patients were treated on an outpatient basis with paclitaxel-containing protocols. Paclitaxel was given in doses of 135-175 mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks in 76 patients and/or with 100 mg/m(2) weekly in 70 patients. Dexamethasone premedication was given in a single dose (40, 20, 10 mg) as an infusion directly before paclitaxel.


RESULTS
0/46 patients receiving 40 mg dexamethasone premedication in 235 cycles and 0/48 patients receiving 20 mg dexamethasone premedication in 186 cycles experienced a severe hypersensitivity reaction. 1/52 patients receiving 10 mg dexamethasone in 480 applications developed a severe hypersensitivity reaction with bronchospasm, hypotension and supraventricular tachycardia shortly after her first paclitaxel infusion started.


CONCLUSIONS
No increase of severe hypersensitivity reactions is seen when dexamethasone premedication is reduced to doses of 20 or even 10 mg prior to paclitaxel infusion.
Köppler
H
H
Praxis für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Neverstrasse 5, D-56058 Koblenz, Germany. Haem.Onc.Ko@t-online.de
Heymanns
J
J
Weide
R
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D002974:Clemastine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011292:Premedication; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D003907:Dexamethasone; D011899:Ranitidine; D002974:Clemastine; D017239:Paclitaxel