title: Image processing used to harness blinking as a channel of communication and control for physically disabled people.
abstract: Sophisticated mathematical algorithms (such as differencing, thresholding, aggregation and statistical analysis of skin colours) are used to compare successive frames of computer-captured images of the face. From these, changes in state of the eyes are determined and are used to detect blinks. A recognition performance of 83.74 +/- 0.03% is achieved over five subjects with a low rate of false positives 2.71 +/- 0.01%. A logical decision rule identifies purposeful blinks and applies them to control either a custom-designed communication package or an external device.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Engineering, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Dun Laoghaire, Co, Dublin, Ireland. david.burke@ucd.ie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Paor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001767:Blinking; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation