title: The performance of standard vertical S-1 flight maneuvers by student U.S. Naval helicopter pilots.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During flight training, student U.S. Naval helicopter pilots learn the use of flight instruments through a prescribed series of simulator training events. We recorded the training flights of 76 student U.S. Naval helicopter pilots undergoing the simulator phase of basic flight instrument training. From the final basic instrument simulator flight, the Vertical S-I (VS) flight maneuver, a standard flight maneuver required of the students, was selected for analysis. This maneuver was chosen because the ideal performance was well described.
  
  
  METHODS
  The training simulator is the 2B42 training device, a 6 degrees of freedom, motion-based, high-fidelity instrument trainer. The quality of the flight performance of the cohort of student aviators executing the VS was described using objective measures of deviation from the ideal flight path. The measures included air speed, altitude, and heading average error from target values and standard deviations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distributions of these scores for the 76 student pilots were described and used to calculate a composite score that summarized a student's overall performance of the maneuver. The worst four, the best four, and a group of four average pilots were identified from their composite scores and their relative performance was compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A graphical summary of each pilot's flight performance was developed, and from this performance summary a pattern became evident that suggested that differences in performance levels were related to the use of flight instruments.
authors.affiliation: Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Pensacola, FL 32508-1046, USA. temme@namrl.navy.mil
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Temme
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Still
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D001359:Aviation / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000193:education*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States