title: The combination of thrombophilic genotypes is associated with definite antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity are clinical features of the definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). These clinical complications are also associated with the presence of inherited thrombophilias. Interactions between acquired and genetic risk factors are becoming increasingly related to a higher thrombotic risk. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of four common gene polymorphisms in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 105 consecutive unselected patients with aPL grouped as having APS (n= 69) and not having APS (n= 36) was studied. A control group of 200 healthy subjects was also investigated for the presence of factor V Leiden (FVL), the 20210A allele of the prothrombin (PT-20210A) gene, the thermolabile variant (677TT) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and the 4G/4G genotype of the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) promoter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients who belong to the APS group carried the FVL while PT-20210A was found in 6 patients with APS (8.7%) and in 1 of the non-APS group (2.8%). The prevalence of FVL was similar to that found in the control group whereas PT-20210A was significantly more frequent in APS patients than in normal controls (2.0%, p=0.02). The MTHFR-677TT was found in 22.0%, 15.1% and 13.0%, and the PAI-1 (4G/4G) in 27.5%, 22.8% and 23.5% of APS, non-APS patients and normal controls, respectively. Furthermore, combinations of PT-20210A or FVL with PAI-1 (4G/4G) were significantly more frequent in APS patients (5.8%) than in normal controls (0.5%, p=0.016). This difference was not found between non-APS patients and normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present data indicate that testing for heritable thrombophilia would be important to identify aPL subjects with an increased risk of developing APS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forastiero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinuzzo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adamczuk
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pombo
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Carreras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid