title: Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching adhesives. Part II: etching effects on unground enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aggressiveness of three self-etching adhesives on unground enamel was investigated. Ultrastructural features and microtensile bond strength were examined, first using these adhesives as both the etching and resin-infiltration components, and then examining their etching efficacy alone through substitution of the proprietary resins with the same control resins.
  
  
  METHODS
  For SEM examination, buccal, mid-coronal, unground enamel from human extracted bicuspids were etched with either Clearfil Mega Bond (Kuraray), Non-Rinse Conditioner (NRC; Dentsply DeTrey) or Prompt L-Pop (ESPE). Those in the control group were etched with 32% phosphoric acid (Bisco) for 15s. They were all rinsed off prior to examination of the etching efficacy. For TEM examination, the self-etching adhesives were used as recommended. Unground enamel treated with NRC were further bonded using Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply), while those in the etched, control group were bonded using All-Bond 2 (Bisco). Completely demineralized, resin replicas were embedded in epoxy resin for examination of the extent of resin infiltration. For microtensile bond strength evaluation, specimens were first etched and bonded using the self-etching adhesives. A second group of specimens were etched with the self-etching adhesives, rinsed but bonded using a control adhesive. Following restoration with Z100 (3M Dental Products), they were sectioned into beams of uniform cross-sectional areas and stressed to failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Etching patterns of aprismatic enamel, as revealed by SEM, and the subsurface hybrid layer morphology, as revealed by TEM, varied according to the aggressiveness of the self-etching adhesives. Clearfil Mega Bond exhibited the mildest etching patterns, while Prompt L-Pop produced an etching effect that approached that of the total-etch control group. Microtensile bond strength of the three experimental groups were all significantly lower than the control group, but not different from one another. When the self-etching adhesives were replaced with the control adhesive after etching, bond strengths of NRC/Prime&Bond NT and Prompt L-Pop were not significantly different from that of the control group, but were significantly higher than that of Clearfil Mega Bond.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both etching efficacy and strength of the resins are important contributing factors in bonding of self-etching adhesives to unground enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA. dpashley@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D006801:Humans; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D016628:Replica Techniques; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry; D013718:Tensile Strength; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C029849:Clearfil Bonding Agent; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D008298:Maleates; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C103500:Prime & Bond; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; D013386:Succinates; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C100742:All-Bond 2; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C030272:maleic acid; D015040:Zirconium; C005229:itaconic acid