title: Alterations of p14ARF, p53, and p73 genes involved in the E2F-1-mediated apoptotic pathways in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: Overexpression of E2F-1 induces apoptosis by both a p14ARF-p53- and a p73-mediated pathway. p14ARF is the alternate tumor suppressor product of the INK4a/ARF locus that is inactivated frequently in lung carcinogenesis. Because p14ARF stabilizes p53, it has been proposed that the loss of p14ARF is functionally equivalent to a p53 mutation. We have tested this hypothesis by examining the genomic status of the unique exon 1beta of p14ARF in 53 human cell lines and 86 primary non-small cell lung carcinomas and correlated this with previously characterized alterations of p53. Homozygous deletions of p14ARF were detected in 12 of 53 (23%) cell lines and 16 of 86 (19%) primary tumors. A single cell line, but no primary tumors, harbored an intragenic mutation. The deletion of p14ARF was inversely correlated with the loss of p53 in the majority of cell lines (P = 0.02), but this relationship was not maintained among primary tumors (P = 0.5). E2F-1 can also induce p73 via a p53-independent apoptotic pathway. Although we did not observe inactivation of p73 by either mutation or DNA methylation, haploinsufficiency of p73 correlated positively with either p14ARF or p53 mutation or both (P = 0.01) in primary non-small cell lung carcinomas. These data are consistent with the current model of p14ARF and p53 interaction as a complex network rather than a simple linear pathway and indicate a possible role for an E2F-1-mediated failsafe, p53-independent, apoptotic pathway involving p73 in human lung carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Okby
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McMenamin
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jett
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tazelaar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trastek
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pairolero
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Corn
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Liotta
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Caporaso
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins