title: Adenovirally-mediated transfer of E2F-1 potentiates chemosensitivity of human glioma cells to temozolomide and BCNU.
abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of standard cancer treatments such as chemotherapy may be improved if they are combined with gene-therapy. Less than 30% of patients with glioblastoma multiforme respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. Actively dividing cells are generally more sensitive to chemotherapy than are non-dividing cells. To determine whether forced cell-cycle progression selectively sensitizes tumor cells to alkylating agents, we examined the effects of overexpressing the E2F-1 protein (a positive regulator of cell-cycle progression) on the sensitivity of two malignant human glioma cell lines, U-251 MG and D-54 MG, to BCNU and temozolomide. Treating these cells with 20-35 microM BCNU or 20-30 microM temozolomide resulted in 50% growth inhibition (IC50) within 4 or 6 days, respectively. By contrast, cells that were first induced to overexpress E2F-1 protein by infection with an adenoviral vector had IC50s that were 37-50% lower. Conversely, transferring the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p21 to the cells, also by adenoviral infection, produced 3 to 4-fold increases in chemoresistance. Cell-cycle analyses showed that the combination of E2F-1 overexpression and treatment with BCNU or temozolomide increased the proportion of cells in S phase, but the combination of p16 or p21 overexpression and drug treatment reduced the proportion of cells in S phase. These observations suggest that overexpression of genes that positively control cell-cycle progression may be useful for increasing the sensitivity of glioma cells to alkylating agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gomez-Manzano
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitlianga
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fueyo
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Groves
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology; D002330:Carmustine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000077204:Temozolomide; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003606:Dacarbazine; D002330:Carmustine; D000077204:Temozolomide