title: The Z-line appearance and prevalence of intestinal metaplasia among patients without symptoms or endoscopical signs indicating gastroesophageal reflux.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A four-graded classification of the Z-line appearance (ZAP) has been proposed, which was shown to correlate with the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study was to determine the ZAP grade and the prevalence of IM among patients without GERD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 53 consecutive patients without signs or symptoms of GERD were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A normal Z-line (ZAP grade 0) was found in 26 patients (51%), and this group had a lower prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophy in the cardia than ZAP grade patients. The non-GERD patients in this study had less ZAP pathology than the GERD patients in our previous study. Intestinal metaplasia at the Z-line, observed in 17% of the patients, was found to associate with peptic ulcer and carditis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normal Z-line is feasibly defined as ZAP grade 0.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. bengt.wallner@kirurgi.uu.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sylvan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stenling
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Janunger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D015897:Comorbidity; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology