title: Comparison of ion release from new and recycled orthodontic brackets.
abstract: Bracket corrosion can occur in the oral environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the release of metal ions from new and recycled brackets in artificial saliva and buffers with different pH values over a 12-week immersion period. The brackets were divided into 2 groups: new and recycled. The recycled bracket bases were coated with adhesive and the brackets were heat treated. Nickel, chromium, iron, and manganese ions were detected by atomic absorption. The surface characteristics of the brackets were examined by energy dispersive radiographic analysis. The results were as follows: (1) Recycled brackets released more ions than did the new brackets. (2) Greater amounts of nickel, iron, and manganese ions were released in artificial saliva than in the other buffers tested. (3) Ion release from brackets in a pH 4 buffer was greater than that observed in pH 7 or pH 10 buffers. (4) The total amount of ion release increased with time. (5) After a 12-week immersion, the total ion release averaged over the period did not exceed the recommended daily intake.
authors.affiliation: Dental Department, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D002021:Buffers; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007101:Immersion; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D002021:Buffers; D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D002857:Chromium; D008345:Manganese; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron