title: Social support and caregiver distress: a replication analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior studies have conceptualized and operationalized social support in different ways, making it difficult to determine if the inconsistencies in findings are due to differences in study design, samples, conceptualization, or measurement. The present study examined the replicability of models of social support and caregiver distress across 4 community-based caregiving studies representative of many conducted in the past 10 years. The goal was to identify areas of consistency in findings across the data sets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed 3 models specifying patterns of relationship between social support and depression (main effect, mediation effect, and moderation effect) separately within data sets using hierarchical ordinary least squares regression. Results were compared across data sets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The replication analysis confirmed the robustness of behavior problems and caregiver health as important contributors to caregiver distress. Results of hypotheses examining the pattern of relationship between social support and distress were inconsistent, however. Only 1 type of social support was associated with distress in the expected direction: Less emotional support was associated with higher levels of distress in 2 of the 4 data sets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More complex theoretical models that incorporate common measures to represent the linkages between types of stressor, types of support, and their interactions are needed to foster replicability and generalizability of research results.
authors.affiliation: Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. bhm4@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stull
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014481:United States