title: Can the Treatment Services Review be used to estimate the costs of addiction and ancillary services?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The economic costs of addiction treatment and ancillary services are of great interest to substance abuse treatment providers, researchers, and policymakers. This paper examines whether a widely used treatment evaluation instrument, the Treatment Services Review (TSR), can be used to estimate the costs of addiction and ancillary services.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fifth edition of the TSR (TSR-5) is carefully reviewed and critiqued for cost estimation purposes. Unit cost estimates and sources are presented for most of the service delivery units on the TSR-5, and important missing service measures are identified. A cost analysis method is proposed that is based on data from the TSR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A variety of unit cost estimates are offered so that researchers and practitioners will understand how this financial information is compiled. However, the investigation determined that the TSR-5 is not currently structured for a comprehensive cost analysis of treatment services. The potential benefits and limitations of the TSR-5 as a cost analysis tool are identified and explained. In addition, recommended changes to the TSR-5 are suggested and described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although not originally developed for economic evaluation purposes, with some modifications and enhancements, the TSR is an instrument that is capable of facilitating an economic cost analysis of addiction treatment and ancillary services. By combining service utilization information from a revised TSR (i.e., TSR-6) with reliable unit cost estimates for those services, future evaluation studies will be able to provide more standardized estimates of the costs of addiction and ancillary services for different types of treatment clients. When joined with outcome data, the TSR-6, along with the proposed cost module, can also be used to determine cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios for subgroups of patients and treatment components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami (D93), P.O. Box 016069, Third Floor, Highland Professional Building, 1801 Northwest 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33101, USA. mfrench@miami.edu
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roebuck
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McLellan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sindelar
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000191:economics; D003191:Comprehensive Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000191:economics; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000191:economics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000191:economics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs