title: No effect of copper supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy young adult females despite apparently improved copper status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of increasing Cu intakes, above the usual dietary intake, on biomarkers of bone metabolism in healthy young adult females (aged 21-28 y) over a 4 week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised repeat crossover Cu supplementation trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (RVAU), Copenhagen, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy young adult females aged 20-28 y were recruited from among students at the RVAU.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the 4 week intervention periods in this randomised, crossover trial (3x4 weeks with a minimum 3 week wash-out period), each subject received, in addition to their usual diet, either 3 or 6 mg elemental Cu/day as CuSO4 or a matching placebo. On the last 3 days of each dietary period 24 h urines were collected. In addition, blood was collected on the last day of each dietary period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum Cu and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (but not caeruloplasmin protein concentration or activity (putative indices of Cu status)) were significantly increased (P<0.05) after daily Cu supplementation with 3 and 6 mg/day for 4 weeks. Serum osteocalcin (biomarker of bone formation), urinary creatinine (Cr) concentration, urinary pyridinoline (Pyr)/Cr or deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr)/Cr excretion, or daily urinary Pyr or Dpyr excretion (biomarkers of bone resorption) were unaffected by Cu supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Copper supplementation of the usual diet in healthy young adult females, while apparently improving Cu status, had no effect on biochemical markers of bone formation or bone resorption over 4 week periods.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Funding from the European Commission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland. k.cashman@ucc.ie
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Cashman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ginty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bonham
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bügel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sandström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003300:Copper; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase