title: Methylphenidate improves HIV-1-associated cognitive slowing.
abstract: Sixteen HIV-1 seropositive individuals participated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-design study of the effectiveness of 30 mg/ day of methylphenidate (MPH) in the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive slowing. Regression analyses revealed that participants who entered the study with a greater degree of either depressive symptomatology or cognitive slowing tended to demonstrate a better response to MPH on computerized measures of choice and dual-task reaction time. Participants without evidence of cognitive slowing at study entry did not show greater improvement on MPH than on placebo. Contrary to expectation, symptoms of depression did not respond better to MPH than to placebo, regardless of initial symptomatology. Information processing slowing in HIV-1 infection therefore appears amenable to pharmacologic intervention with the dopamine agonist MPH. However, results suggest clinicians should consider reserving the use of MPH for patients with more pronounced cognitive and affective deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90024, USA. chinkin@ucla.edu
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hinkin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Castellon
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farinpour
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019954:Neurobehavioral Manifestations / Q000187:drug effects*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011930:Reaction Time; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate