title: The critical window of brain development from susceptive to insusceptive. Effects of clomipramine neonatal treatment on sexual behavior.
abstract: The immature brain is much more sensitive to abnormal experience, particularly sleep deprivation, drug exposure, and maternal separation. The critical time period during which features in the brain's susceptibility to such experience change, however, has not yet been determined. In previous studies on rats, we found that neonatal treatment with clomipramine (CLI) during postnatal days 8--21 (P8-21) produced behavioral and physiological abnormalities in adult rats that resembled the abnormalities found in human endogenous depression. The objective of the present study is to determine (1) the critical (more specifically, the latest) time frame in which CLI treatment will produce adult depression and (2) the shortest treatment window during which CLI can induce adult depression. Male rats were neonatally treated with CLI (20 mg/kg, sc) twice daily or with an equivolume of saline. The treatment windows were P12--17, P14--20, P16--22, and P12--15. Six variables, including number of mounts, intromission, ejaculation, mount latency, ejaculation latency, and post-ejaculation interval, were measured visually between the ages of 4 and 5 months. Rats treated with CLI showed significant sexual impairment in treatment windows P12--17 and P14--20 and slight sexual deficiency in the short window P12--15. No significant sexual impairment was found in window P16--22. We concluded that P14--20 was the latest window during which CLI treatment produces adult sexual deficiency and that 6 days might be the shortest treatment window to produce significant behavior abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sleep Research Laboratory at Emory West Campus, 1256 Briarcliff Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA. pfeng@emory.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003423:Critical Period, Psychological; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002997:Clomipramine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors