title: Retinol palmitate counteracts oxidative injury during experimental septic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinols seem to be of clinical importance in ameliorating the clinical consequences of septic shock. These beneficial effects of retinols are suggested to be due to an antioxidant property. The present study was undertaken in order to confirm or rule out such an effect of retinol palmitate (RP) in experimental septic shock by measuring F2-isoprostanes and a major prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite as indicators of oxidative injury and inflammatory response, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen anaesthetised pigs were randomly given an injection of RP (2.300 IU x kg-1) or the corresponding volume of vehicle. All pigs received a continuous infusion of E. coli endotoxin (10 micrograms x kg-1 x h-1). Blood samples were analysed for lipid peroxidation products (8-iso-PGF2 alpha), indicating free radical induced oxidative injury and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2 alpha indicating cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammatory response).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly elevated levels of 8-iso-PGF2 alpha were seen at 3, 5 and 6 hours of endotoxaemia in the vehicle + endotoxin group as compared to RP + endotoxin group. Endotoxin induced cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammatory response was not affected by RP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first one to show that RP counteracts oxidative injury rather than inflammatory response in experimental septic shock. These results may be of importance for the understanding of some beneficial effects of RP during endotoxaemia (i.e. improved systemic haemodynamics and reduced serum levels of endotoxin). Our results may explain the therapeutic effects of nutrients rich in caroten/retinols used in some clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Section of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 609, SE-751 25 Uppsala, Sweden. samar.basu@geriatrik.uu.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004224:Diterpenes; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D011897:Random Allocation; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013552:Swine; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004224:Diterpenes; D004731:Endotoxins; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; C026528:15-ketoprostaglandin F2alpha; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli; D015237:Dinoprost