title: Methicillin resistance of bacteria isolated from vitreous fluid from patients undergoing vitrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the resistance patterns of bacteria in vitreous fluid from patients undergoing vitrectomy for diagnostic reasons, with bacteria of other nosocomial infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous fluid samples (n=144) were obtained from 133 patients undergoing vitrectomy for endophthalmitis, and 11 for uveitis as suspected endophthalmitis. They were Gram stained and cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were run on all isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gram stains were positive in 45/144 cases (31%), among which 38/45 (84%) were confirmed by a positive culture. Cultures were positive in 74/144 patients (51%) with mainly coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 44) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 13). In 133 patients endophthalmitis occurred after lens implantation (80 cases) and in 53 cases there was another origin (e.g. corneal transplantation, endogenous). In 26/80 post-lens implantation infections, culture remained negative; 32 infections occurred with coagulase-negative staphylococci, 10 with Staphylococcus aureus, 9 with streptococci and 3 with gram-negative bacteria. For endophthalmitis, ophthalmologists in our institution give an intraocular injection of vanccmycin and ceftazidim after vitrectomy. Among the 44 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 12 (27%) were resistant to methicillin. This is in contrast to other hospital-related coagulase-negative staphylococcus infections in general, and the resistance rate is 75% in our hospital. Only 2/13 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci from vitreous fluid are less resistant to methicillin than those isolated in other nosocomial infections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, University Hospital, RUG, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Labit
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Verbraeken
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Verschraegen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D014640:Vancomycin; D002442:Ceftazidime; D008712:Methicillin