title: An integrated method for the enrichment and selective isolation of Actinokineospora spp. in soil and plant litter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To devise and evaluate a method for isolating the rare, zoosporic actinomycetes, Actinokineospora spp. in soil and plant litter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The newly developed method consists of two enrichment stages followed by plating on a selective medium. The source material is initially incubated with calcium carbonate to multiply the population of Actinokineospora spp., and is then air-dried. The second stage consists of rehydration-centrifugation, in which the amended substrate is immersed in phosphate buffer-soil extract to liberate actinomycete zoospores, and nonmotile microbial associates are then eliminated by centrifugation. Portions of the supernatant enriched with zoospores are plated on humic-acid vitamin agar supplemented with fradiomycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. We examined 39 soil and plant-litter samples taken from fields, forests and stream banks. The proposed method consistently enriched and selectively isolated Actinokineospora spp. in 17 samples. Evidence for antimicrobial activity was found in most of the isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of enrichment and a medium containing selective antibiotics can be used successfully for efficient isolation of certain rare actinomycete taxa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of new methodologies with which to isolate rare actinomycetes is of great importance to extend our understanding of their ecology, taxonomy and bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Yamanashi University, Takeda-4, Kofu 400, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otoguro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iimura
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009355:Neomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D007612:Kanamycin; D009355:Neomycin