title: Intracranial hypertension influences the resolution of vasogenic brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of intracranial hypertension on the resolution of vasogenic brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage. An intracerebral hematoma was induced by 500 microliters of blood injected into the left frontal lobe of rabbits (n = 25). Na(+)-fluorescein (MW376) and Texas-Red-albumin (MW67.000) were administered intravenously as edema markers. By using a closed cranial window for superfusion of the brain surface and a ventriculo-cisternal perfusion the clearance of both fluorescence markers was measured in the CSF-effluates up to 8 hours using spectrophotometry. ICP was adjusted between 2-6 mmHg (low pressure, n = 10), 8-12 mmHg (moderate pressure, n = 10) or 14-20 mmHg (high pressure, n = 5). In all groups Na(+)-fluorescein started to accumulate at 60 min after induction of the hematoma in the subarachnoid space, while at 90 min in the ventricular system. In the low intracranial pressure group Na(+)-fluorescein (mean +/- SEM) in the ventricular system amounted to 1.47 +/- 0.42 nmol as compared to 1.34 +/- 0.41 nmol in the moderate, or 0.38 +/- 0.11 nmol in the high intracranial pressure group. In the subarachnoid space the marker reached 1.96 +/- 0.57 nmol, 4.15 +/- 1.28 nmol, or 0.96 +/- 0.32 nmol, respectively. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that vasogenic edema induced by an intracerebral hematoma is cleared into both CSF compartments, albeit with delay into the ventricular system. Edema resorption occurred earlier and to a higher extent into the subarachnoid space as compared to the ventricular system. Further, edema resorption is influenced by the actual intracranial pressure, with marked inhibition by a high intracranial pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holtmannspötter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baethmann
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Reulen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uhl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous