title: Use of expander cottonseed meal in broiler diets formulated on a digestible amino acid basis.
abstract: This experiment was designed to evaluate the use of expander cottonseed meal (CSM) in broiler diets formulated on a digestible amino acid basis and to determine the tissue distribution of gossypol enantiomers and their relationship to gossypol consumption. Gossypol is an antinutritional polyphenolic pigment found in cottonseed. A total of 800 1-d-old broilers (Arbor Acres) was randomly divided into 40 groups of 20 birds each and placed in a broiler house with wood shavings litter. The CSM was included in starter and grower diets at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28% of the diet. Diets were formulated to have similar levels of digestible methionine and lysine as the 0% CSM control diet. At 21 d of age, five birds per pen were randomly selected for the determination of gossypol enantiomers in plasma, liver, heart, and breast muscle. Tissues were again collected at 42 d of age. Results of this experiment indicated that at 21 d of age cumulative body weight and feed-to-BW ratios of birds fed CSM diets were not significantly different from the control. By 35 d of age, feed-to-BW ratios of experimental birds fed the 28% CSM diet were significantly greater than the control birds, and by 42 d, BW were lower than those of the control group. Tissue concentrations of total, (+) and (-) gossypol increased linearly as the level of CSM increased. At 42 d, liver had the most gossypol with a ratio of 87% (+) gossypol to 13% (-) gossypol. Plasma contained 73% (+) gossypol and 27% (-) gossypol. Heart contained 45% (+) gossypol and 55% (-) gossypol. Breast muscle had the least gossypol. Results of this experiment indicated that expander solvent CSM could be fed to broilers at up to 21% of the total diet if amino acid digestibility was considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station 77843-2472, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003369:Cottonseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004063:Digestion; D006072:Gossypol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D011897:Random Allocation; D012639:Seeds; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D006072:Gossypol