title: Upper extremity venous gangrene following coronary artery bypass. A case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Acute symptomatic upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are estimated to account for only 2-4% of all deep vein thrombosis. Upper extremity DVT leading to phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) occurs in an estimated 2-5% of these cases. Progression of PCD to venous gangrene is extremely rare with only 16 previously reported cases in the literature. Only 7 of the cited cases document significant tissue loss. This report describes a 61-year-old male who developed upper extremity DVT complicated by PCD which led to venous gangrene and limb loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, 5325 Elliott Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lampman
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hankin
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Whitehouse
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005734:Gangrene / Q000209:etiology; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin