title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a dermatan-specific N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferase.
abstract: We have identified and characterized an N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase designated dermatan-4-sulfotransferase-1 (D4ST-1) (GenBank(TM) accession number AF401222) based on its homology to HNK-1 sulfotransferase. The cDNA predicts an open reading frame encoding a type II membrane protein of 376 amino acids with a 43-amino acid cytoplasmic domain and a 316-amino acid luminal domain containing two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. D4ST-1 has significant amino acid identity with HNK-1 sulfotransferase (21.4%), N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (GalNAc-4-ST1) (24.7%), N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase 2 (GalNAc-4-ST2) (21.0%), chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (27.3%), and chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase 2 (22.8%). D4ST-1 transfers sulfate to the C-4 hydroxyl of beta1,4-linked GalNAc that is substituted with an alpha-linked iduronic acid (IdoUA) at the C-3 hydroxyl. D4ST-1 shows a strong preference in vitro for sulfate transfer to IdoUAalpha1,3GalNAcbeta1,4 that is flanked by GlcUAbeta1,3GalNAcbeta1,4 as compared with IdoUAalpha1,3GalNAcbeta1,4 flanked by IdoUAalpha1,3GalNAcbeta1,4. The specificity of D4ST-1 when assayed in vitro suggests that the addition of sulfate to GalNAc occurs immediately after epimerization of GlcUA to IdoUA. The open reading frame of D4ST-1 is encoded by a single exon located on human chromosome 15q14. Northern blot analysis reveals a single 2.4-kilobase transcript. D4ST-1 message is expressed in virtually all tissues at some level but is most highly expressed in pituitary, placenta, uterus, and thyroid. The properties of D4ST-1 indicate that sulfation of the GalNAc moieties in dermatan is mediated by a distinct GalNAc-4-O-sulfotransferase and occurs following epimerization of GlcUA to IdoUA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schachner
authors.forename: J U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Baenziger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D016466:CHO Cells; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006224:Cricetinae; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; C498300:CHST9 protein, human; C092527:N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfotransferase; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C438013:dermatan-4-sulfotransferase-1