title: Echocardiographic left ventricular geometry in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: The LIFE Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and concentric remodeling in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic (ECG)-LVH and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of echocardiography and ECG for detection of LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiographic LV measurements and the prevalence of abnormal LV geometric patterns were compared between 964 hypertensive patients with ECG-LVH (Cornell voltage-duration product > 2440 and/or SV1 +/- RV5-6 > 38 mm) participating in the LIFE trial and groups of 282 employed hypertensives and 366 apparently normal adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among both women and men, stepwise increases from reference subjects to employed hypertensives to LIFE patients were observed for LV wall thicknesses, chamber size and mass. Mean LV mass/body surface area (BSA) and LV mass/height(2.7) were substantially larger in LIFE patients than normal adults among women (113 vs 69 g/m2 and 55 vs 32 g/m(2.7), p <0.001) and men (127 vs 83 g/m2 and 55 vs 36 g/m(2.7), p < 0.001), with intermediate values in employed hypertensives. Compared to the latter group, LIFE patients had higher prevalences of concentric LVH (25-29% vs 3-4%) and eccentric LVH (45-51% vs 13-17%) but not concentric LV remodeling (8-11% vs 12-14%). LVH was present in 70% of LIFE patients by LV mass/BSA criteria and 76% by LV mass/height(2.7) criteria (odds ratios = 11.4 and 13.5 vs employed hypertensives).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ECG criteria used in LIFE identify hypertensive patients with a >70% prevalence of anatomic LVH, allowing accurate identification of high-risk status by this commonly used technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, NY, USA. rbdevere@mail.med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rokkedal
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papademetriou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paranicas
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Okin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlöf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling