title: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (not T helper type 2 cytokines) is associated with severe forms of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
abstract: It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is related to the development of T helper (Th) type 2 cytokine responses. The presence of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were assessed by ELISA in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with RSV infection. Infants with mild bronchiolitis had increased Th1 cytokines and reduced Th2 cytokines, compared with infants with upper respiratory tract illness alone. Severe bronchiolitis was characterized by a more balanced Th1-Th2 response that did not differ from that of infants with upper respiratory tract illness alone. In contrast, MIP-1alpha was markedly increased in infants with severe bronchiolitis. MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 levels also were inversely related to oxygen saturation (P<.005). Thus, the severity of RSV bronchiolitis appears to be related more to chemokine release than to Th2 cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA. rpgarofa@utmb.edu
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hintz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ogra
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Welliver
mesh_terms: D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins