title: Development of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test the psychometric properties of a 25-item version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational cohort study of persons with 1 of 5 chronic eye diseases or low vision who were scheduled for nonurgent visits in ophthalmology practices and a reference sample of persons without eye disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven university-based ophthalmology practices and the NEI Clinical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible participants had to have 1 of the following eye conditions: age-related cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, primary open-angle glaucoma, cytomegalovirus retinitis, or low vision from any cause. Seven of the 12 sites also enrolled persons in a reference sample. Reference sample participants had no evidence of underlying eye disease but were scheduled for either screening eye examinations or correction of refractive error. All eligible persons had to be 21 years or older, English speaking, and cognitively able to give informed consent and participate in a health status interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To provide the data needed to create the NEI VFQ-25, all subjects completed an interview that included the 51-item NEI VFQ. Estimates of internal consistency indicate that the subscales of the NEI VFQ-25 are reliable. The validity of the NEI VFQ-25 is supported by high correlations between the short- and long-form versions of the measure, observed between-group differences in scores for persons with different eye diseases of varying severity, and the moderate-to-high correlations between the NEI VFQ-25 subscales that have the most to do with central vision and measured visual acuity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reliability and validity of the NEI VFQ-25 are comparable to those of the 51-item NEI VFQ field test version of the survey. This shorter version will be more feasible in settings such as clinical trials where interview length is a critical consideration. In addition, preliminary analyses indicate that the psychometric properties of the NEI VFQ-25 are robust for the eye conditions studied; this suggests that the measure will provide reproducible and valid data when used across multiple conditions of varying severity.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, UCLA, 911 Broxton Plaza, Box 951736, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mangione
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spritzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009885:Ophthalmology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*