title: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Excellent results in a group of selected high-risk patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) has assumed an increasing role in many surgical practices. The ideal candidate has not been defined, but high-risk patients seem to benefit most when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aortic cross clamping and cardioplegic arrest are avoided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen high-risk patients (age 52 to 81 years, 1 female, EF 44%+/-8, Parsonnet score 23+/-4) were studied. They presented with acute coronary syndroms on platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, acute myocardial infarction, worsening renal failure, decompensating ischemic cardiomyopathy, religious beliefs and denial of blood transfusion, and severe peripheral/cerebrovascular disease (total bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and/or >90% stenosis). These patients underwent OPCABG via sternotomy with the intention of complete coronary revascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An average of 2.3 grafts/patient were performed and the posterior descending artery (PDA) and marginal branches of the circumflex artery (LCX) were grafted in 79% of the patients. There were 3 events of intraoperative cardiac arrest precipitated by occlusion of right coronary artery (RCA) or positioning a cardiomegaly heart leading to immediate intravascular shunting (2) and/or conversion to CPB (1). One patient was converted to CPB and graft revision (intraoperative ultrasound and probing). The mortality rate was 0% and one stroke was observed on post-operative day 1. Coronary angiography (n=6) showed no significant stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OPCABG complete revascularization is feasible in high-risk patients with low morbidity and mortality and excellent early
  
  
  RESULTS
  OPCABG may be indicated in patients on platelet receptor antagonists preventing bleeding complications. Cardiomegaly can cause difficult off-pump LCX and PDA exposure and stabilization. RCA grafting off-pump is less tolerated and PDA grafting is preferred. High-risk patients for CPB are the ones who may benefit the most from OPCABG.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. bittn006@tcumn.edu
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Savitt
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lucke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012306:Risk; D016896:Treatment Outcome