title: Etoposide induces the dispersal of DNA ligase I from replication factories.
abstract: In eukaryotic cells DNA replication occurs in specific nuclear compartments, called replication factories, that undergo complex rearrangements during S-phase. The molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamics of replication factories are still poorly defined. Here we show that etoposide, an anticancer drug that induces double-strand breaks, triggers the redistribution of DNA ligase I and proliferating cell nuclear antigen from replicative patterns and the ensuing dephosphorylation of DNA ligase I. Moreover, etoposide triggers the formation of RPA foci, distinct from replication factories. The effect of etoposide on DNA ligase I localization is prevented by aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, and by staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor and checkpoints' abrogator. We suggest that dispersal of DNA ligase I is triggered by an intra-S-phase checkpoint activated when replicative forks meet topoisomerase II-DNA--cleavable complexes. However, etoposide treatment of ataxia telangiectasia cells demonstrated that ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated activity is not required for the disassembly of replication factories and the formation of replication protein A foci.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Genetica Biochimica ed Evoluzionistica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy. montecucco@igbe.pv.cnr.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montecucco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Scovassi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prosperi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biamonti
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016590:Aphidicolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004249:DNA Damage; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP; D011088:DNA Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005047:Etoposide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C000607892:LIG1 protein, human; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D016590:Aphidicolin; D005047:Etoposide; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011088:DNA Ligases; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP; D019311:Staurosporine