title: The effect of temperature on the efficacy of ozonation for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.
abstract: Examination of the effects of water temperature on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozone, ozonation experiments were conducted in a semi-batch mode with a wide temperature range of 3-30 degrees C. Inactivation was assessed in terms of mice infectivity and in vitro excystation. The temperature dependency of the CT products by a reduction in infectivity of 2 log10 could be described successfully by the Arrhenius equation, 1/CT = 1.086 x 10(18)e-12520/K where CT is the integrated ozone concentration over the contact time (mg/min/L) and K is the Kelvin temperature of water. As for the reduction in viability assessed by the excystation assay, protocol B, the obtained regression equation, 1/CT = 1.802 x 10(18)e-12640/K, was almost identical to that observed for the infectivity. Thus, the CT products required for a 2 log10 reduction in both infectivity and viability increased by an average factor of 4.2 for every 10 degrees C decrease in water temperature. Additionally, our findings suggested that the viability, as determined by protocol B, could substitute for animal infectivity in evaluating the effects of environmental factors on the efficacy of ozonation.
authors.affiliation: Water Environment Laboratory, College of Environmental Health, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan. hiratat@azabu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moniwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013696:Temperature; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010126:Ozone