title: Effects of a non-steroidal (ketorolac tromethamine) and a steroidal (dexamethasone) anti-inflammatory drug on refractive state and ocular growth.
abstract: Topical steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAID) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are known to affect fluid balance. The effects of twice daily topical applications of Maxidex (dexamethasone, a SAID), Acular (ketorolac, a NSAID), and saline were examined biometrically on the development of refractive errors and eye growth in chicks raised from days 3-12 wearing either a monocular +10 D, 0 D, or -10 D lens. Biometric analysis showed that neither SAID nor NSAID nor saline affected refractive error compensation but that the anti-inflammatory drugs affected eye growth. In chicks reared with a +10 D lens, dexamethasone induced a decrease in axial length (AL), vitreous chamber (VC) and anterior chamber (AC) depth, while ketorolac only induced a decrease in AC. In -10 D lens chicks dexamethasone again induced a decrease in AL and VC, but did not affect AC depth, whereas ketorolac only induced an increase in AC depth. Taken together, these results suggest that anti-inflammatory drugs can induce changes in ocular size without affecting refractive state and, as such, have implications for the management of progressive myopia.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Crewther
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Crewther
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012683:Sensory Deprivation
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D003907:Dexamethasone