title: A phase II study of combined oral uracil and ftorafur with leucovorin for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this Phase II study was to define the response rate, safety profile, and toxicity of oral uracil and ftorafur (UFT) with leucovorin (UFT/LV) as a palliative treatment for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with metastatic or recurrent SCCHN with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < 2 and adequate organ function were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved trial. Prior induction or adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted provided 6 months had elapsed since the last chemotherapy. Patients were treated with UFT 300 mg/m(2) per day and leucovorin 90 mg per day administered in three doses daily for 28 days followed by a 7-day break for a 35-day cycle. Planned intrapatient dose modifications were based on individual toxicity. Patients were removed from the study for progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred six cycles of UFT/LV had been administered to 42 patients as of January 1, 2000. The most common toxicities, in descending order of incidence, were anemia, pain, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, mucositis, and anorexia. Clinically significant toxicities attributable to UFT/ LV were primarily gastrointestinal. On an intent-to-treat basis, three patients (7%) achieved a complete response, and six patients (14%) achieved a partial response. The overall response rate was 21% (95% confidence interval, 10--37%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UFT/LV therapy is feasible in this patient population and is generally well tolerated. Response rates are similar to the rates expected with continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil. UFT/LV should be studied further both alone and in combination therapy for patients with SCCHN.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Oncology Program, Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. alexander_colevas@dcfi.harvard.edu
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Colevas
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Amrein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gomolin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Posner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D010166:Palliative Care; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005641:Tegafur; D014498:Uracil; D002955:Leucovorin