title: Chrono and clinical pharmacokinetic study of tacrolimus in continuous intravenous administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The circadian variation of clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients receiving continuous intravenous administration has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the circadian variation of this drug in continuous intravenous administration, with regard to the dosing scheme for conversion from intravenous to oral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The blood concentration-time curve was studied in 10 living-related kidney transplant recipients, aged 18-51 years (mean, 36.5 years), 1 day before operation for preoperative oral administration, the third postoperative day for continuous intravenous administration and the sixth postoperative day at the conversion from intravenous to oral therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the total body clearance of daytime was slightly higher than that of night-time, the intravenous tacrolimus infusion maintained an adequate therapeutic blood concentration for 24 h. There were significant differences between the preoperative and the postoperative state in the area under the curve, total body clearance and bioavailability for the oral administration. The mean absolute bioavailability was 17.7% in preoperative and 11.1% in postoperative state, respectively and a large interindividual variation was confirmed in this parameter, which was 7.0-27.2% for preoperative and 6.4-22.0% for postoperative area under the curve, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study proposes that intravenous administration is a safe and appropriate method to achieve the required blood concentration in patients with various tacrolimus metabolism in the early post-transplant period. As the oral tacrolimus absorption was found to be variable between preoperative and postoperative states in identical patients, the conversion dosage cannot be calculated from preoperative oral or postoperative intravenous pharmacokinetics. Frequent blood concentration monitoring is needed to ensure safe treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tachiki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus