title: Chronic myelocytic leukemia in a juvenile rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: Myeloid neoplasia has been studied extensively in human beings but has not been reported in macaques. A 2-year-old female rhesus macaque that was experimentally exposed to lead as a neonate, was noted to have immature circulating myelocytic cells, including 1% blasts, and normocytic normochromic anemia on a blood sample obtained for monthly health monitoring. The animal was treated with hydroxyurea, blood transfusion, and recombinant human erythropoietin to reduce the leukocytosis and correct the anemia. The disease had a relatively indolent course for 3 months, when it progressed to blast crisis. After the onset of blast crisis, the animal was euthanized because of bleeding problems, anemia, and a progressive decline in her health. The animal was negative by serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and/or culture for simian retrovirus (SRV), simian T-lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). PCR assay for the bcr-ABL chromosomal translocation using primers made for the human gene was negative. Serology for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-like viruses was positive for IgG directed against the viral nucleocapsid antigen, but epidemiologic factors make it unlikely that the leukemia was associated with EBV-induced viral transformation. Lead exposure has been associated with neoplasia in human beings, and the possible role of neonatal lead exposure in hematologic neoplasias deserves further scrutiny.
authors.affiliation: Research Animal Resources Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53705-4098, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Krugner-Higby
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gendron
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D005260:Female; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007854:Lead