title: An evaluation of the hemostatic effects of hydrophilic, alcohol, and lipophilic extracts of notoginseng.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the hemostatic effects of hydrophilic, alcohol, or lipophilic extract of notoginseng with those of the control and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemorrhagic rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; animals were housed at the Hartford Hospital animal facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two male Wistar rats. Intervention. Administration of placebo (wheat flour), and alcohol, hydrophilic (water), and lipophilic (hexane) extracts of notoginseng.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into five groups, and their tails were transected 5 mm from the tip. Group 1 received no treatment (control), group 2 received placebo, group 3 received alcohol extract, group 4 received hydrophilic extract, and group 5 received lipophilic extract. Total bleeding time was determined and compared among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bleeding time was shorter for the placebo group than the control group (p=0.035). The alcohol extract group had the shortest bleeding time, which was significantly shorter than that of the control (p<0.0001), placebo (p=0.0124), and lipophilic extract groups (p=0.002). The hydrophilic extract group had a shorter bleeding time than the control group (p=0.0058) and showed a trend toward shorter bleeding time than the lipophilic extract group (p=0.068).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alcohol extract of notoginseng results in the shortest bleeding time and provides better hemostatic effects than no treatment, placebo treatment, and treatment with lipophilic extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hartford Hospital, Connecticut, 06102-5037, USA. cmwhite@harthosp.org
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tsikouris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001760:Bleeding Time; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D006490:Hemostatics; D010936:Plant Extracts