title: The use of valrubicin for the chemoresection of superficial bladder cancer -- a marker lesion study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect and tolerance of a 6-week course of intravesical valrubicin on a tumour intentionally left in the bladder (marker lesion) following incomplete transurethral resection of the bladder (TURBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective phase II study, 40 patients with refractory superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), with or without carcinoma in situ, underwent TURBT at which a tumour <1 cm in diameter was deliberately left in the bladder. They were then treated with six instillations of 800 mg valrubicin at weekly intervals. Patients were assessed three months after the initial TURBT by cystoscopy and biopsy. Patients remaining clear of disease underwent repeat cystoscopies at 3-monthly intervals until recurrence or for up 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  21/39 (54%) of patients were found to be clinically clear of disease upon cystoscopic examination at 3 months. 18/39 (46%) of patients were considered histologically clear of bladder disease. The current estimate of the mean time to recurrence is 248 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 6-week course of intravesical valrubicin has proved effective in ablating a marker tumour left in the bladder after incomplete TURBT and in preventing or delaying recurrence of further tumours in a group of patients with previously treated superficial TCC.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhuis der Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. urol@azvu.nl
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Newling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kisbenedek
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: C016163:valrubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin