title: Relationship between psychological state and level of activity of extrinsic gut innervation in patients with a functional gut disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxiety and depression are known to be associated with alterations in central autonomic activity, and this may manifest as a functional gut disturbance. However, the final expression of motility disturbance is non-specific and non-quantifiable. This study examines the relationship between psychological state and psychosocial functioning with a new direct measure of the level of activity of extrinsic autonomic gut innervation, rectal mucosal Doppler blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty four female patients (mean age 36 years, range 19--45) with constipation for greater than five years and 19 healthy women (mean age 38 years, range 21--60) were studied. They completed the general health questionnaire-28 point scale (GHQ-28; psychosocial functioning) and the Bem sex role inventory (BSRI; an index of women's psychological feelings about their own femininity). On the same day they underwent measurement of rectal mucosal Doppler blood flow, a new validated measure of the activity of gut extrinsic nerve innervation. Measurements were made during the follicular phase and in the fasted state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with constipation scored higher on the total GHQ-28 score and the somatisation (p=0.05) and anxiety (p=0.05) subscales of the GHQ-28. There was a negative correlation between mucosal blood flow and GHQ somatisation subscale (r=-0.45, p<0.005), anxiety (r=-0.38, p<0.05), and depression (r=-0.40, p<0.01) scores in women with constipation. Although constipated women scored no higher than controls on the BSRI, there was a significant negative correlation between blood flow and BSRI score (r=-0.49, p<0.005) for constipated women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General psychosocial function, somatisation, anxiety, depression, and feelings about female role are impaired in women with constipation and associated with altered rectal mucosal blood flow, a measure of extrinsic gut innervation. These findings suggest that psychological factors are likely to influence gut function via autonomic efferent neural pathways.
authors.affiliation: St Mark's Hospital, Northwick Park, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003248:Constipation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000294:innervation*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012007:Rectum / Q000098:blood supply; D012039:Regional Blood Flow