title: [Smoking and coronary heart disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease in men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated an almost linear relationship between smoking and coronary heart mortality and morbidity, the risk being more than twofold and most pronounced in younger individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smokers are younger than nonsmokers when they suffer their first myocardial infarction, more of them are males, and they experience more frequently posterior infarcts. They are likely to develop right coronary occlusions, the lesions being rather thrombogenic than atherosclerotic. This phenomenon may partly be related to the specific flow pattern in the right coronary artery. Passive smoking is harmful. Quitting smoking in patients and in healthy individuals reduces the risk markedly within a short period of time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking causes vasoconstriction of coronary arteries, and endothelial function as well as fibrinolysis is impaired while platelets are activated. A human ex-vivo experimental model has shown that the thrombus volume was increased twofold in blood from smokers at shear forces that are found in moderately stenosed coronary arteries. In addition, smokers are insulin-resistant and at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Institutt for farmakoterapi Postboks 1065 Blindern 0316 Oslo. k.h.landmark@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Landmark
mesh_terms: D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution