title: Double-blind, crossover comparison of 3 mg apomorphine SL with placebo and with 4 mg apomorphine SL in male erectile dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the efficacy and safety of a fixed, 3-mg dose of apomorphine SL compared with placebo, and to compare 3 mg with 4 mg apomorphine SL in patients with erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, double-blind, crossover study included 296 heterosexual men with ED of various etiologies and severities. Two crossover groups were evaluated separately: 3 mg apomorphine SL vs. placebo (n = 194), and 3 vs. 4 mg apomorphine SL (n = 102). The primary efficacy variable was the percentage of attempts resulting in erections firm enough for intercourse; additional variables included the percentage of attempts resulting in intercourse and time to erection. Partner assessments were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3 mg apomorphine SL was significantly more effective than placebo (p<0.001) for the percentage of attempts resulting in erections firm enough for intercourse and resulting in intercourse, as assessed by both patients and partners. Median time to erection was 18.8 min. The 3-mg dose was not significantly different from 4 mg in the evaluation of efficacy variables, but the incidence of adverse events was higher with 4 mg. Nausea was the most common event, reported by 3.3% of patients on 3 mg vs. 14.1% on 4 mg; in the placebo comparison, nausea was reported by 7.0% of patients taking 3 mg apomorphine SL vs. 1.1% of those taking placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3 mg apomorphine SL was significantly more effective than placebo and comparable to 4 mg, while offering an improved risk-benefit ratio.
authors.affiliation: West Coast Clinical Research, Van Nuys, Calif 91405, USA. arcwccr@aol.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dula
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bukofzer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perdok
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003075:Coitus; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D001058:Apomorphine