title: Hormonal and barrier methods of contraception, oncogenic human papillomaviruses, and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion development.
abstract: We assessed the influence of hormonal (oral, injectable, or levonorgestrel [Norplant, Wyeth-Ayerst, Philadelphia, PA]) and barrier methods of contraception on the risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), while adjusting for high-risk (HR) HPV infection. Subjects were women receiving family planning services through the state health department clinics from 1995 to 1998. We selected 60 cases with high-grade cervical/SIL (HSIL) and 316 with low-grade cervical/SIL (LSIL) and controls (427 women with normal cervical cytology) and analyzed cervical DNA for HR-HPV, using Hybrid Capture I (Digene; Gaithersburg, MD). When assessing ever use, duration, recency, latency, and age at first use, neither oral contraceptives (OC), Norplant, nor injectable use was associated with an increased risk of SIL development after adjusting for age, age at first sexual intercourse, and HR-HPV positivity. Among HR-HPV-positive women, longer duration barrier method use was associated with a reduced risk of SIL. This finding has important clinical implications for SIL prevention among HR-HPV-infected women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gerasimova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pirisi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017280:Condoms; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004279:DNA, Viral