[Vaccinations for overseas travelers--new evidence and recommendations].
Vaccinations are an easy and highly effective way to keep travellers healthy. There are few problems with compliance, as all vaccinations are administered pretravel and many vaccines offer protection rates > 95% after a single dose (e.g. hepatitis A, yellow fever). Vaccination of hepatitis A and diphtheriatetanus are recommended for all developing countries. Polio is still indicated for Asia and Africa. Hepatitis B, if possible in combination with A, is recommended for persons travelling for > 30 days, travellers < 35 years, and for people showing special risk behaviour (e.g. high-risk sports, unprotected sexual intercourse). Depending on destination and kind and duration of travel, further vaccinations have to be considered, e.g.: yellow fever (endemic areas, rule of entry), rabies (trekking, travel in remote areas), typhoid fever (Indian sub-continent), meningococcal meningitis (meningitis belt, pilgrims to Saudi-Arabia), tick-borne encephalitis (endemic areas in Europe and Asia), influenza (persons at special risk of complications), Japanese encephalitis (low standard travel in rural areas of Southeast Asia > 30 days), measles (particularly endemic in Africa). Cholera vaccination is virtually never indicated. Several vaccines can be delivered at the same time.
Stürchler
M P
MP
Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Universität Zürich. mps@ifspm.unizh.ch
Steffen
R
R
D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; D004675:Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011819:Rabies Vaccines; D013557:Switzerland; D014195:Travel; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014611:Vaccination; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine
D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines; D011819:Rabies Vaccines; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine