title: Influence of supplementary fibrolytic enzymes on the fermentation of corn and grass silages by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro.
abstract: This study was done to determine the effectiveness of supplementary enzymes at increasing the fiber digestion by ruminal microorganisms and to assess whether enzyme activity limits the rate of fiber digestion in ruminal digesta. In vitro comparisons of enzyme activities in two feed enzyme preparations (A and B) with enzyme activities extracted from ruminal fluid indicated that the addition of fibrolytic enzymes at the application rates recommended by the manufacturers would not be expected to increase significantly glycanase and polysaccharidase activities in ruminal fluid. Preparations A and B both increased (P < 0.001) the rate of gas production from freeze-dried corn and grass silages in in vitro incubations with ruminal fluid, but only at concentrations much higher than recommended application rates. Autoclaved controls had little or no effect. Ultrafiltration of enzyme B indicated that most stimulation was due to components >100 kDa, which is consistent with the cause of the stimulation being enzyme activity. Fibrolytic enzymes from other sources were also able to stimulate gas production: increased rates of gas production were observed in seven out of eight combinations of "cellulase" and corn or grass silage (P < 0.05). The comparison of glycanase and polysaccharidase activities with gas-stimulatory activity in the different enzyme preparations indicated that the highest correlation was between increased gas production and enzyme activity against microgranular cellulose (P < 0.05). In a wider range of fibrolytic enzyme preparations, those with endo-(beta-1,4)- or exo-(beta-1,4)-xylanase activity equal to that of preparation A did not produce similar increased rates of fermentation of corn silage when glucanase activity was low (P > 0.05). In contrast, preparations with glucanase activity similar to enzyme A gave at least as great (P < 0.05) an improvement in gas production than enzyme A, irrespective of xylanase activity. It was concluded that enzyme activity, probably a type of endo-(beta-1,4)-glucanase activity, limits the rate of fermentation of corn and grass silage in the rumen. Enzyme supplements of the type used in these experiments are unlikely to possess sufficient activity to overcome this limitation by direct application to ruminal digesta, implying that treatment of the ration prefeeding will be key to harnessing the potential of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in ruminant nutrition.
authors.affiliation: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK. rjw@rri.sari.ac.uk
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McKain
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Nsereko
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Hartnell
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004203:Disinfection; D005285:Fermentation; D005374:Filtration; D005511:Food Handling; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D043325:Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D014995:Xylosidases; C020668:glycanase; D043325:Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; D002480:Cellulase