title: Occurrence of Cryptosporidium in Japan and counter-measures in wastewater treatment plants.
abstract: The outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Ogose in 1996 forced the wastewater treatment authorities to rethink the level of contamination by Cryptosporidium of wastewater and waters in the watersheds and counter-measures in wastewater treatment plants. A survey of Cryptosporidium concentrations in wastewater and treated wastewater conducted nationwide showed relatively low levels. Also, evaluation of wastewater treatment showed a 2 log oocyst removal with an activated sludge process and an additional 1 log removal with coagulant dosing.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Division, Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, 1 Asahi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0804, Japan. suwa@pwri.go.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suwa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003458:Cryptosporidium; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage