title: Traumatic grief in a convenience sample of victims seeking support services after a terrorist incident.
abstract: This report describes traumatic grief in 40 individuals who suffered losses in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. We administered a self-report instrument 6 months after the bombing to assess demographics; exposure; injury; retrospective report of initial emotional and physiological reaction; and current posttraumatic stress symptoms, grief, safety concerns, and functioning. A strong association was found between posttraumatic stress symptoms and grief. The relationship between grief and difficulty functioning was stronger at higher levels of posttraumatic stress than at lower levels. The results support the construct of traumatic grief and have important implications for the treatment of people exposed to large-scale traumatic events and for the training of mental health professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA. betty-pfefferbaum@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Call
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lensgraf
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003710:Demography; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009825:Oklahoma; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*