title: High glucose impairs voltage-gated K(+) channel current in rat small coronary arteries.
abstract: Hyperglycemia is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent dilation that is due to quenching of NO by superoxide (O(2)(. -)). In small coronary arteries (CAs), dilation depends more on smooth muscle hyperpolarization, such as that mediated by voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels. We determined whether high glucose enhances O(2)(.-) production and reduces microvascular Kv channel current and functional responses. CAs from Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated 24 hours in medium containing either normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose), high glucose (HG, 23 mmol/L D-glucose), or L-glucose (LG, 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose and 17 mmol/L L-glucose). O(2)(.-) production was increased in HG arteries. Whole-cell patch clamping showed a reduction of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive current (Kv current) from smooth muscle cells of HG CAs versus NG CAs or versus LG CAs (peak density was 9.95+/-5.3 pA/pF for HG versus 27.8+/-6.8 pA/pF for NG and 28.5+/-5.2 pA/pF for LG; P<0.05). O(2)(.-) generation (xanthine+xanthine oxidase) decreased K(+) current density, with no further reduction by 4-AP. Partial restoration was observed with superoxide dismutase and catalase. Constriction to 3 mmol/L 4-AP was reduced in vessels exposed to HG (13+/-5%, P<0.05) versus NG (30+/-7%) or LG (34+/-4%). Responses to KCl and nifedipine were not different among groups. Superoxide dismutase and catalase increased contraction to 4-AP in HG CAs. This is the first direct evidence that exposure of CAs to HG impairs Kv channel activity. We speculate that this O(2)(.-)-induced impairment may reduce vasodilator responsiveness in the coronary circulation of subjects with coronary disease or its risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. ypliu@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terata
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Gutterman
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005453:Fluorescence; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013481:Superoxides; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005947:Glucose