title: Identification of overlapping but distinct cAMP and cGMP interaction sites with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A by site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling based on crystalline PDE4B.
abstract: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) hydrolyzes cAMP to AMP, but is competitively inhibited by cGMP due to a low k(cat) despite a tight K(m). Cyclic AMP elevation is known to inhibit all pathways of platelet activation, and thus regulation of PDE3 activity is significant. Although cGMP elevation will inhibit platelet function, the major action of cGMP in platelets is to elevate cAMP by inhibiting PDE3A. To investigate the molecular details of how cGMP, a similar but not identical molecule to cAMP, behaves as an inhibitor of PDE3A, we constructed a molecular model of the catalytic domain of PDE3A based on homology to the recently determined X-ray crystal structure of PDE4B. Based on the excellent fit of this model structure, we mutated nine amino acids in the putative catalytic cleft of PDE3A to alanine using site-directed mutagenesis. Six of the nine mutants (Y751A, H840A, D950A, F972A, Q975A, and F1004A) significantly decreased catalytic efficiency, and had k(cat)/K(m) less than 10% of the wild-type PDE3A using cAMP as substrate. Mutants N845A, F972A, and F1004A showed a 3- to 12-fold increase of K(m) for cAMP. Four mutants (Y751A, H840A, D950A, and F1004A) had a 9- to 200-fold increase of K(i) for cGMP in comparison to the wild-type PDE3A. Studies of these mutants and our previous study identified two groups of amino acids: E866 and F1004 contribute commonly to both cAMP and cGMP interactions while N845, E971, and F972 residues are unique for cAMP and the residues Y751, H836, H840, and D950 interact with cGMP. Therefore, our results provide biochemical evidence that cGMP interacts with the active site residues differently from cAMP.
authors.affiliation: The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Tretiakova
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jameson
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Colman
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; C517287:PDE3A protein, human; D006152:Cyclic GMP