title: Addition of clonidine increases duration and magnitude of vasodilative effect induced by sympathetic block with mepivacaine in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to examine the duration and magnitude of vasodilative effect induced by sympathetic block with the addition of clonidine to mepivacaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and right and left brachial artery blood flow (BABF) before and after stellate ganglion block (SGB) in dogs. The experimental protocol was designed as follows: (1) left SGB using 1.0 mL 0.5% mepivacaine (n = 6) and (2) left SGB using the addition of clonidine 0.5 microg to 1.0 mL 0.5% mepivacaine (n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAP and HR did not change significantly throughout the study in either group. Left SGB with mepivacaine increased left BABF significantly from 10 minutes through 50 minutes after SGB (baseline, 100%; peak at 10 minutes after SGB, 176% +/- 28%; P <.01). Left SGB with the addition of clonidine to mepivacaine induced a significant increase of left BABF from 10 minutes through 70 minutes after SGB (baseline, 100%; peak at 10 minutes after SGB, 223% +/- 42%; P <.01). The values of left BABF after SGB with the addition of clonidine to mepivacaine were significantly higher than those of SGB with mepivacaine alone from 10 minutes through 80 minutes after SGB (P <.05). Right BABF decreased significantly after SGB throughout the study in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of clonidine increases both duration and magnitude of the vasodilative effect induced by sympathetic block over that caused by mepivacaine alone.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Anesthesiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan. y-kimura@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008619:Mepivacaine; D003000:Clonidine