title: The perichondrium plays an important role in mediating the effects of TGF-beta1 on endochondral bone formation.
abstract: Endochondral bone formation is complex and requires the coordination of signals from several factors and multiple cell types. Thus, chondrocyte differentiation is regulated by factors synthesized by both chondrocytes and cells in the perichondrium. Previously, we showed that expression of a dominant-negative form of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor in perichondrium/periosteum resulted in increased hypertrophic differentiation in growth plate chondrocytes, suggesting a role for TGF-beta signaling to the perichondrium in limiting terminal differentiation in vivo. Using an organ culture model, we later demonstrated that TGF-beta1 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation by two separate mechanisms. Inhibition of hypertrophic differentiation was shown to be dependent on Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and expression of PTHrP mRNA was stimulated in the perichondrium after treatment with TGF-beta1. In this report, the hypothesis that the perichondrium is required for the effects of TGF-beta1 on growth and/or hypertrophic differentiation in mouse metatarsal organ cultures is tested. Treatment with TGF-beta1 inhibited expression of type X collagen mRNA in metatarsal cultures with the perichondrium intact. In contrast, hypertrophic differentiation as measured by expression of Type X collagen was not inhibited by TGF-beta1 in perichondrium-free cultures. TGF-beta1 added to intact cultures inhibited BrdU incorporation in chondrocytes and increased incorporation in the perichondrium; however, TGF-beta1 treatment stimulated chondrocyte proliferation in metatarsals from which the perichondrium had been enzymatically removed. These results suggest that the TGF-beta1-mediated regulation of both chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation is dependent upon the perichondrium. Thus, one or several factors from the perichondrium might mediate the way chondrocytes respond to TGF-beta1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0576, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525817:Bmp6 protein, mouse; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003094:Collagen; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II