title: sTNFRI and sTNFRII synthesis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy sample cultures is significantly associated with acute rejection in kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously we reported that cultures of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples synthesize different cytokine pattern depending on the alloimmune response towards the kidney graft. However, we failed to find a clear picture for growth factors implicated in early T-cell activation (interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-12), although we observed that interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was associated with absence of acute rejection. We have now studied tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its two soluble receptors, sTNFRI and sTNFRII, IL-1beta and soluble IL-1 receptor II (sIL-1RII), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), all potential modulators of T-cell activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six cadaver kidney transplants (KTX) were divided into four groups: group 1, day 7 after KTX, stable (n=30); group 2, day 7 after KTX, 8+/-4.5 days before acute rejection (n=12); group 3, first day of acute rejection (n=17); and group 4, day 14 after KTX, stable (n=32). Patients from groups 1 and 4 remained rejection-free for the first 6 months. All rejection episodes were confirmed by core renal biopsy. FNAB samples were cultured according to our published methodology, and culture supernatants were collected at 48 hr and analyzed by ELISA for IL-1beta, sIL-1RII, TNF-alpha, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and LIF. Serum levels for sIL-1RII, sTNFRI, and sTNFRII were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FNAB cultures from groups 1 and 4 synthesized significantly lower amounts of sTNFRI and sTNFRII than those from either groups 2 or 3. Both sTNFRI and sTNFRII reached high positive and negative predictive values for acute rejection. IL-1beta and sIL-1RII were synthesized by all groups but without differences. No trace of LIF and TNF-alpha was found. sTNFRII was significantly higher in serum from group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both TNF receptors were positively associated with acute rejection and were good predictors of impending acute rejection. The ratio of sIL-1RII over IL-1 (together with IL-1ra that we previously measured in FNAB cultures) suggests that IL-1 actions may be inhibited with current immunosuppression early after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Renal Department, Hospital S. Joāo, Trav. Das Antas, 84, 5.C, 4350-046 Porto, Portugal. gerardooliveira@mail.telepac.pt
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pestana
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II