title: Speaking and interruptions during primary care office visits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients and physicians value effective communication and consider it an essential part of the medical encounter. This study examined physician-patient communication patterns, and interruptions in communication, during patient visits with family practice and internal medicine residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational data obtained from 60 routine primary care office visits included the time that resident physicians and patients spoke and the number and types of interruptions. A total of 22 family practice and internal medicine residents participated, 9 from family practice and 13 from internal medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients spoke, uninterrupted, an average of 12 seconds after the resident entered the room. One fourth of the time, residents interrupted patients before they finished speaking. Residents averaged interrupting patients twice during a visit. The time with patients averaged 11 minutes, with the patient speaking for about 4 minutes. Computer use during the office visit accounted for more interruptions than beepers. Verbal interruptions, a knock on the door, beeper interruptions, and computer use all interfered with communication, and increased frequency of interruptions are associated with less favorable patient perceptions of the office visit. Female residents interrupted their patients less often than did male physicians. All residents interrupted female patients more often than male patients. Early and increased interruptions were associated with patients' perception that they should have talked more. Third-year residents interrupted patients less frequently than did first-year residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerous interruptions occurred during office visits. Gender was associated with the pattern of interruptions. Physicians frequently interrupted patients before the patients were finished speaking. Computer use also interrupted physician-patient communication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina, USA. DRhoadesPhD@cs.com
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors; D014705:Verbal Behavior