title: The palatal island flap for reconstruction of palatal and retromolar trigone defects revisited.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although a host of local soft tissue flaps have been described for the reconstruction of postoperative palatal defects, tissue-borne palatal obturators remain the most common form of rehabilitation of these defects. The palatal island flap, first applied to the reconstruction of the retromolar trigone and palatal defects, was first described by Gullane and Arena in 1977. This single-staged mucoperiosteal flap offers a reliable source of regional vascularized soft tissue that obviates the need for prosthetic palatal rehabilitation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe a series of 5 cases in which the palatal island flap was used as a primary palatal or retromolar reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have retrospectively reviewed 5 consecutive cases between March 1998 and August 1999 wherein palatal island flaps were used for the primary reconstruction of postablative palatal defects. Each case was reviewed for primary pathologic findings, postoperative wound complications, postoperative speech and swallowing, and donor site morbidity. Selection of this reconstructive technique was based on the size and location of the defect and the assessment by the surgeon that the arc of rotation and amount of residual palatal mucosa were appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six local palatal island flaps were performed on 5 patients who had not undergone irradiation (1 patient underwent bilateral flaps). The primary pathologic findings included T1 N0 squamous cell carcinoma, T4 N0 squamous cell carcinoma, T2 N0 low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, pigmented neurofibroma, and T2 N0 low-grade clear cell carcinoma. All of the lesions were located on the hard or soft palate or the retromolar trigone, and the average defect size was 7.2 cm(2). All 5 patients began an oral diet between postoperative days 1 and 5 (mean, 2 days), and all patients were discharged home without postoperative donor site or recipient site complications between days 1 and 6 (mean, 3 days). Donor site reepithelialization was complete by 4 weeks in all 5 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The palatal island flap offers a reliable method of primary reconstruction for limited lesions of the retromolar trigone and hard and soft palate. The mucoperiosteal tissue associated with this flap is ideal for partitioning the oral and nasal cavities and obviates the need for prosthetic palatal obturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1189, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Genden
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Urken
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010157:Palatal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps