title: Stability of simultaneous maxillary and mandibular osteotomy for treatment of class III malocclusion: an analysis of three-dimensional cephalograms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current investigation was undertaken to study the three-dimensional (3-D) stability of simultaneous maxillary advancement and mandibular setback using rigid fixation. The study also aimed to analyse the factors involved in postsurgical relapse by evaluation of changes in various parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five cases were evaluated of simultaneous Le Fort I maxillary advancement and mandibular setback using rigid fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative, immediate and 6-month postoperative skeletal and dental changes were analysed using 3-D cephalograms obtained from biplanar stereoradiography. Maxillary fixation screws were used as landmarks to evaluate postoperative stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maxillary advancement was 3.7 mm. Relapse in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes was not detectable in the maxilla (p > 0.05). However, for an average mandibular setback of 5.7 mm, mean mandibular relapse was 1.1 mm or 19.3% anteriorly (p < 0.05). Surgical or postsurgical skeletal changes in the maxilla had no detectable influence on mandibular relapse (p > 0.05). Vertical alterations of the facial skeleton achieved surgically predicted the mandibular relapse (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillary advancement and vertical changes of +/- 2 mm did not influence the postoperative stability of the mandible. Relapse of the mandible seems to be influenced mainly by the amount and direction of the surgical alteration of mandibular position.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan. Kwontg@dsmc.or.kr
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003765:Models, Dental; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000145:classification; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012008:Recurrence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014716:Vertical Dimension