title: Outcome survey in unselected hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: effects of ACE inhibition.
abstract: Although the benefit of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy is well documented in double-blind randomized, controlled clinical trials, it is uncertain whether the benefit extends to unselected patients with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension in general practice. In 2504 unselected patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age 63+/-10 years) blood pressure, cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline and during a treatment period of 1 year with the ACE inhibitor cilazapril by primary care physicians. The average dose of cilazapril was 2.5 mg/day. Outcome measures were blood pressure, serum creatinine, proteinuria (dip stick), HbA1c levels, evaluation of edema, and exertional dyspnea. In the study cohort, systolic blood pressure decreased by 24+/-17 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 12+/-11 mm Hg. An increase in serum creatinine (> 0.2 mg/dL) occurred more frequently in patients with than in those without renal involvement (19% v 7%; P < .05). Serum creatinine decreased more frequently in patients with renal involvement than in those without (26%+/-4% v 12%+/-3.8%; P < .05). Overall renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 318) improved (2.1+/-1.6 mg/dL v 1.7+/-1.4 mg/dL; P < .05). The frequency of proteinuria was lower after 1 year than at baseline (62%+/-9% v 82%+/-8%; P < .05). Metabolic control of diabetes mellitus improved in parallel (median HbA1c 8.0% v 7.0%; P < .01). Scores for edema formation and exertional dyspnea improved as well (P < .01). In this outcome survey of unselected patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, the ACE inhibitor cilazapril effectively lowered blood pressure, which was associated with an improvement in glucose metabolism, cardiac function, and renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veelken
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delles
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hilgers
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schmieder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D017315:Cilazapril / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017315:Cilazapril; D003404:Creatinine