title: A survey of local and topical anesthesia use by pediatric dentists in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this survey is to evaluate current usage of local and topical anesthesia by Pediatric Dentist to evaluate the current practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were sent to 3051 pediatric dentists asking about types of anesthetics, considerations in determining local anesthetic dosage, time used to inject a cartridge and shortcomings of topical preparations. Data were computed for percentage responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 55%. Only 49% used exact body weight to determine local anesthetic dosage. The mostly commonly used needles for infiltrations were 30-gauge short and blocks were 27-gauge short. Only 11% of the respondents were using > or = 60 seconds to inject a full cartridge. Topical anesthetics were used by most, with the most commonly used brand being Hurricaine [correction of Hurricane]. A third waited 60 seconds before injecting after the application of the topical anesthetic. Most patients (89%) disliked the taste of topical anesthetics and adverse drug reactions were rarely seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study demonstrate that Pediatric Dentists are most commonly using Lidocaine as the preferred type of local anesthetic using 30 gauge short needle for infiltrations and 27 gauge short needle for blocks. Most were taking anywhere from 11-> 60 seconds to inject a cartridge. Topical anesthetic was used by most and the preferred brand was Hurricaine, however their perception of the effectiveness of topical anesthetics varied. There also appears to be a need to develop newer and better mode of topical anesthetic delivery system in the pediatric dental population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Division of Pediatric Dentistry, West Virginia University-School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center North, Morgantown, WV, USA. dkohli@wvu.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crout
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Linscott
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009339:Needles; D009407:Nerve Block; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010377:Pediatric Dentistry; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists'; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D001566:Benzocaine