title: Microinjection technique used to study functional interaction between p53 and hepatitis B virus X gene in apoptosis.
abstract: Microinjection of expression vectors into cultured cells has been utilized to study functional interaction of p53 and the hepatitis B virus HBx gene in apoptosis. This approach allows us to determine protein-protein interactions in primary cultured human cells at a single cell level, including fibroblasts, mammary epithelial cells, renal epithelial cells, and hepatocytes. In principle, this approach can be used to study functional interaction of p53 and any gene that is either pro- or anti-apoptotic. The use of primary cultured human cells minimizes ambiguous results associated with immortalized or tumorigenic cell lines. Moreover, it is an easy and effective way to introduce genes of interests into primary human cells with defined genetic defects, thereby facilitating the delineation of genetic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Lab. Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bldg. 37, Room 2025, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA. xin_wei_wang@nih.gov
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D015534:Trans-Activators; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein