title: Outcome study of minors after parental refusal of paramedic transport.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient refusal of paramedic transport against medical advice (AMA) has significant medical-legal implications. Previous studies have investigated patient outcomes after refusal of transport, but none has focused on these events in minors. This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of this patient population after refusal of transport as well as the significance of base hospital physician discussion with parents in the decision to refuse transport.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective telephone follow-up survey involving parents of minors for whom transport was refused after accessing emergency medical services (EMS) via the 911 system. Data were initially obtained from paramedic run records and each family was subsequently contacted by telephone and surveyed with regard to their experiences with the field medics in addition to the medical follow-up sought for their child and patient outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine patients met criteria for survey. Telephone contact was made with 44 parents, of whom 32 (73% of those contacted, 36% overall) participated. Twenty-seven (84%) received medical follow-up, either at an emergency department or in a private physician's office. Most patients (89%) who were evaluated and/or treated by a physician were subsequently released, while three children were admitted to the hospital, all three with respiratory or cardiac chief complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children whose parents refused EMS transport received medical follow-up in the majority of cases, with a small group requiring admission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Seltzer
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Vilke
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Dunford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014504:Urban Health