title: Racial and socioeconomic factors in glomerular disease.
abstract: The influence of racial and socioeconomic factors on the incidence, prognosis, and response to therapy of many diseases has long been noted. Although glomerular diseases comprise 10% to over 16% of the dialysis and renal transplant populations, respectively, only recently have racial and socioeconomic factors been evaluated. Several glomerular diseases are associated with a striking African-American predominance. These include idiopathic focal sclerosis, and especially its collapsing variant, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy, and severe lupus nephritis. In many of these entities the renal disease is also more aggressive and rapidly progressive than in other populations. Recent data points to genetic-biologic as well as social and economic factors that may be responsible for these findings. Studies dealing with the therapy of glomerular lesions must be stratified for racial and social background differences to avoid bias in outcome. Whether racial and socioeconomic data should be used in treating individual patients, and how, remains an area of controversy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halevy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Appel
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D006716:Homosexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American