title: Predictors and prognosis of suboptimal coronary blood flow after primary coronary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: We hypothesized that certain clinical and angiographic characteristics on presentation predict suboptimal infarct artery flow after percutaneous intervention during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The goal of angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]) during AMI is the prompt restoration of normal flow to achieve myocardial reperfusion. However, inadequate epicardial coronary flow is observed in 10% to 20% of patients. From 2 large randomized trials-Global Use of Strategies To open Occluded arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes-IIb, and Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Blockade With Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction-patients undergoing primary PTCA during AMI were included in the analysis. A multivariate logistic model was used to identify factors associated with final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade < or =2. The 891 patients were aged (mean +/- SD) 61 +/- 12 years, 75% were men, and 39% had an anterior wall AMI. Patients underwent PTCA within 4.8 +/- 3.2 hours from the onset of chest pain. The incidence of final TIMI 3 flow was 81%. TIMI flow grade < or =2 was independently associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.39 for every 10 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19 to 1.62), increasing heart rate (OR 1.16 for every 10 beats, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.28), and presence of visible thrombus on baseline angiogram (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.05). Conversely, baseline TIMI 2 or 3 flow grade (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.75) and left circumflex intervention (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.79) correlated with normal postprocedural coronary flow. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with TIMI < or =2 than TIMI 3 flow grade (10.2% vs 1.5%, p <0.001, respectively). Thus, angiographic evidence of thrombus and 2 pivotal clinical characteristics, advanced age and elevated heart rate, predict lack of adequate coronary reperfusion. Conversely, the presence of normal or near-normal coronary flow before intervention correlates with a good angiographic result. Mortality risk is increased in patients with postprocedural suboptimal angiographic coronary flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cura
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: L'Allier
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Houghtaling
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dipaola
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brener
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors