title: Variation in the level of grain defect light flecks and spots on cattle hides.
abstract: The occurrence of hide damage light flecks and spots was determined on tanned hides from 28 herds during a period of 8 to 12 months. Light flecks and spots are described as small areas of grain loss up to 3 mm in diameter that are seen on dyed crust cattle leather. Damage was found on 75.8% of all hides. The neck and shoulders were the anatomical region with the highest prevalence of damage. Sixty-eight per cent of all hides had light flecks and spots in this region. The forelimbs and dewlap were the anatomical region with the second highest occurrence with a prevalence of 39.1%. This distribution corresponded to the known distribution of lice in cattle. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, prevalence of lice in the herd assessed in March or infestations with different lice species. The frequency of light flecks and spots varied significantly during the year. The frequency was highest in the late winter and early spring, decreased significantly during the summer and was lowest in the autumn. This variation supported the importance of lice in the development of light flecks and spots and suggested a relatively long healing period for the damages induced by lice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway. ola.nafstad@fagkjott.no
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nafstad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grønstøl
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D012876:Skin Diseases, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014945:Wound Healing