title: An original technique for bladder autoaugmentation with protective abdominal rectus muscle flaps: an experimental study in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder autoaugmentation uses partial detrusorectomy to create a diverticular bulge in the bladder mucosa. This technique has eliminated certain serious complications of cystoplasty with gastrointestinal tissues (e.g., fluid/electrolyte/acid-base imbalances, mucous hypersecretion), but the exposed mucosa is subject to fibrosis and, sometimes, to perforation, which can annul the benefits of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed an original technique based on traditional autoaugmentation with protection of the herniated mucosa by split-thickness pedunculated rectus abdominis muscle flaps that are sutured to the incised margins of the detrusor. Preliminary testing was done on 30 adult Wistar rats. A control group of 15 rats underwent laparotomy alone. Bladder capacity was measured via suprapubic cystography before and after (4 weeks, 8 weeks, 1 year) surgery, just before sacrifice. Sections of the reconstructed bladder were examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three bladder-augmented rats and 13 controls survived. In the experimental group, bladder capacity increased by 38% (mean). None of the rats experienced urinary retention, although one developed bladder stones. Histology revealed no pathologic changes (other than chronic inflammatory infiltrates at suture sites) in the mucosa, detrusor, or muscle flaps, which were all viable and well integrated by the fourth postoperative week. There were no signs of mucosal or muscle fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary results in a rat model suggest that this new technique can produce an enlarged bladder that is fully functional and less vulnerable to fibrotic retraction and rupture. Residual contractility in the muscle flaps might theoretically be exploited to facilitate paraphysiologic micturition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Medical School, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manzoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grottesi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Urzo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pintus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrelli
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*