title: Prophylactic excision of the gallbladder and bile duct for patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a high-risk factor for biliary tract carcinogenesis because of a continuous reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract. It remains to be disclosed whether we should perform prophylactic excision of gallbladders and bile ducts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A person-year method.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 68 patients with PBM treated between August 1, 1974, and December 31, 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative risks (observed number-expected number ratios) of gallbladder and bile duct carcinomas according to type of bile duct dilation (ie, cystic dilation, diffuse dilation, and nondilation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observed number-expected number ratios of gallbladder carcinomas were high: 291.3 in 43 patients with cystic dilation, 167.2 in 16 patients with diffuse dilation, and 419.6 in 7 patients with nondilation. Observed number-expected number ratios of bile duct carcinomas were 194.2 in 43 patients with cystic dilation before surgery and 142.8 in 39 patients with cystic dilation after long postsurgical follow-up. All these values were statistically significant (P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gallbladder carries a high risk for carcinogenesis in all types of dilation in patients with PBM. The bile duct carcinomas of PBM were exclusively identified by the type of cystic dilation. Prophylactic cholecystectomy should be recommended for all dilation types, and prophylactic excision of bile ducts including cholecystectomy should be performed in patients with PBM and cystic dilation. Complete excision of extrahepatic dilated bile ducts and careful follow-up for carcinogenesis in residual dilated bile ducts should be recommended for patients with PBM and cystic dilation.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuoh-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kenmochi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saigo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007582:Jejunostomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010179:Pancreas / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D012720:Severity of Illness Index