title: Effect of the hemoregulatory peptide (pEEDCK)2 (pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys)2 and MIP-1alpha is reduced in bone marrow cultures from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
abstract: The granulocyte-derived hemoregulatory peptide pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys = pEEDCK is known to keep hematopoietic cells quiescent. When oxidized to its dimeric form (pEEDCK)2, it activates growth of hematopoietic progenitors in association with stroma-derived cytokines. (pEEDCK)2 has a Cys-Cys motif which is also a typical feature of the macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1alpha). The present study was designed to analyze differences between the response of normal and leukemic progenitor cells to (pEEDCK)2 or MIP-1alpha. When long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) were incubated with (pEEDCK)2 or MIP-1alpha and/or cytokines, the stimulatory effect on colony-forming units-granulocyte/erythroid/macrophage/megakaryocyte of LTBMC from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients was less than 50% compared to LTBMC from healthy humans. No difference in oncogene expression could be observed in LTBMC from CML patients regarding reduction of Philadelphia chromosome-associated transcription of the BCR-ABL gene. With respect to the expression of growth and differentiation-associated genes (Galpha16, 5-lipoxygenase, phospholipaseA2, c-kit, and CD34), which were analyzed from LTBMC by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, the same transcription rate was observed in CML patients and healthy donors. However, two isoforms of a key enzyme of oxidative metabolism, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A and CPT1B), showed 50-fold higher expression rates in LTBMC cells of healthy donors compared to CML patients. It is known that a decrease in oxidative metabolism is associated with an increase in redox equivalents in malignancy. This might result in a reduction of disulphide bonds in (pEEDCK)2 or MIP-1alpha, thus inducing a downregulation of these factors in bone marrow from CML patients.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Leukemia Research and Hematology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria. heidrum.karlic@chello.at
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karlic
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Louda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfeilstöcker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lohninger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pittermann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paukovits
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; C040758:hemoregulatory peptide 5b; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid