title: Hepatitis B among homeless and other impoverished US military veterans in residential care in Los Angeles.
abstract: Findings are presented for a cross-sectional study of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an underserved population-impoverished veterans of the US armed forces in a Veterans Administration (VA) residential program in the US. We examine the demographic, background, and risk factors associated with HBV infection in this high-risk population. This paper presents a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey and clinical data for 370 male veterans who were residents of a domiciliary care program for homeless veterans in Los Angeles, using chi(2), Fisher's Exact, and logistic regression analysis. About one-third (30.8%) of the sample tested positive for current or past HBV infection (ie, seropositive for either the HBV core antibody or surface antigen). After multivariate analysis, rates of HBV were significantly higher among veterans who were older, non-white, or who had a history of regular heroin use (a proxy measure for injection drug use), drug overdose, or drug detoxification treatment. The rate of current or past HBV infection among veterans in this sample (30.8%) was high compared to an estimated 5% to 8% of the general US population. Also, 3% of the sample were currently infected with HBV. Strategies for intervention include broader screening, immunization, and treatment interventions with this high-risk group.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Department of Family Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. gelberg@ucla.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gelberg
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leake
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bakhtiar
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Getzug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012112:Residential Facilities; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*