title: Estimating the costs of job related arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the first estimate of the costs of job related osteoarthritis (OA) in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from national data sets collected by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the US National Center for Health Statistics, and existing cost estimates for arthritis in the literature. We used proportional attributable risk (PAR) models to estimate the percentage of acute and repetitive injuries resulting in OA. These PAR vary between men and women. We used the human capital method that decomposes costs into direct categories such as medical expense and indirect categories such as lost earnings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We estimate job related OA costs US$3.41 to 13.23 billion per year (1994 dollars). Our point estimate is that job related OA contributes about 9% ($8.3 billion) to the total costs for all OA. About 51% of job related costs result from medical costs and 49% from lost productivity at work and at home. These costs are likely to underestimate the true burden since costs of pain and suffering as well as costs to family members and others who provide home care are ignored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost of job related arthritis is significant and has implications for both clinical and public policy. Depending on the PAR selected, job related arthritis is at least as costly as job related renal and neurological disease combined, and is on a par with the costs of job related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and all asthma, whether job related or not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 95616-8638, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leigh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seavey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leistikow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States; D014942:Workers' Compensation