title: Early experience in intermediate-risk penile cancer with sentinel node identification using the gamma probe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the initial experience with sentinel node identification using the gamma probe in patients with intermediate-risk penile cancer (T2NXM0, or T1 with intermediate or high-grade disease) and impalpable groin nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technetium-99m-labeled sulfur colloid was injected at the site of primary penile carcinoma 1 hour before surgery. The sentinel lymph nodes were located using the gamma probe and excised through a 3-cm inguinal incision. A full groin dissection was performed only in cases in which frozen section of the node demonstrated metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine sentinel nodes were identified by the gamma probe and excised in 5 men. In 3 patients, the sentinel nodes were negative bilaterally. In 2 patients, the sentinel node, although grossly normal, showed a single focus of metastasis by frozen section analysis. In both of these patients, a full groin dissection was carried out and revealed no other nodal metastases. All 5 remained free of recurrence (median follow-up 18 months, range 16 to 23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with microscopic involvement of a single lymph node only (confirmed by full groin dissection), gamma probe identification was 100% accurate. None of the patients with negative sentinel nodes had a recurrence. Biopsy of the sentinel nodes using the gamma probe can predict the presence or absence of inguinal node metastasis in patients with intermediate-risk penile cancer, sparing many patients the long-term morbidity of a full groin dissection. These initial results suggest further study is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akduman
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Fleshner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klotz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006119:Groin; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid