title: Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption decreases cardiovascular risk, but the mechanisms of benefit remain undefined. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with coronary artery disease and increased oxidative stress. Some antioxidants have been shown to reverse endothelial dysfunction, and tea contains antioxidant flavonoids. Methods and Results-- To test the hypothesis that tea consumption will reverse endothelial dysfunction, we randomized 66 patients with proven coronary artery disease to consume black tea and water in a crossover design. Short-term effects were examined 2 hours after consumption of 450 mL tea or water. Long-term effects were examined after consumption of 900 mL tea or water daily for 4 weeks. Vasomotor function of the brachial artery was examined at baseline and after each intervention with vascular ultrasound. Fifty patients completed the protocol and had technically suitable ultrasound measurements. Both short- and long-term tea consumption improved endothelium- dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, whereas consumption of water had no effect (P<0.001 by repeated-measures ANOVA). Tea consumption had no effect on endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-induced dilation. An equivalent oral dose of caffeine (200 mg) had no short-term effect on flow-mediated dilation. Plasma flavonoids increased after short- and long-term tea consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. This finding may partly explain the association between tea intake and decreased cardiovascular disease events.
authors.affiliation: Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Keaney
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Swerdloff
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vita
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013662:Tea / Q000378:metabolism*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D002110:Caffeine