title: Increased level of cholecystokinin in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with chronic pain-like behavior in spinally injured rats.
abstract: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a physiological antagonist of opioid-mediated antinociception and may be involved in some chronic pain states where opioids have reduced effect. We have previously shown in a rat model of central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury that blockade of CCK-B receptors lead to marked pain relief. In the present study, we showed that spinally injured rats exhibiting chronic pain-like behaviors (aversive reaction to innocuous mechanical and cold stimulation) had significantly elevated level of CCK-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid compared to normal rats or spinally injured rats which did not exhibit pain-like behaviors. The increased level of circulating CCK in the cerebrospinal fluid may thus contribute to the maintenance of chronic pain in these rats by reducing the endogenous inhibitory tone provided by opioid peptides and may be involved in the phenomenon of opioid insensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Technology, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alster
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wiesenfeld-Hallin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D009294:Narcotics / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009294:Narcotics; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin; D002766:Cholecystokinin