title: Local interferon-gamma levels during respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection are associated with disease severity.
abstract: To investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in nasopharyngeal secretions were measured in infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by RSV. A novel technique was used to measure in vivo cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs). Cytokine levels in the NPAs of 17 mechanically ventilated infants and 43 nonventilated hospitalized infants were compared. As expected, mechanically ventilated infants were significantly younger than nonventilated infants (7 vs. 14 weeks). IFN-gamma levels were above the limit of detection in the NPAs of 3 (18%) mechanically ventilated infants and in the NPAs of 26 (60%) nonventilated infants. IL-10 levels in the NPAs of mechanically ventilated and nonventilated infants were comparable. It is hypothesized that maturation-related mechanisms have a key role in the development of RSV LRTI that results in mechanical ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bont
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Heijnen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavelaars
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: van Aalderen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brus
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Draaisma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pekelharing-Berghuis
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Diemen-Steenvoorde
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kimpen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009426:Netherlands; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma