title: Prevalence of HIV-1 and oral lesions in pregnant women in rural Malawi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether oral lesions were associated with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) status in a cohort of pregnant Malawian women was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred thirty-eight women participated in a randomized prospective study at 3 prenatal clinics in a rural area of southern Malawi. Oral examinations, followed by collection of oral fluid specimens with an HIV-1 oral specimen collection device, were performed. The specimens were tested for antibodies against HIV-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one oral lesions were found in 60 participants. While traditional HIV-1 associated lesions were rare, benign migratory glossitis was unexpectedly common (6%). Oral hairy leukoplakia was significantly more common among women who were HIV-1 positive than among women who were HIV-1 negative. An HIV-1 prevalence rate of 21.8% was estimated among the women, with the highest rate of HIV-1 infection (34.1%) among women aged 25 to 29 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stratifying lesions showed a small number of oral hairy leukoplakia to be markers for HIV-1. A high seroprevalence was found in this rural cohort, but there were unexpectedly few oral lesions. The relatively few oral lesions diagnosed may indicate a recent infection with HIV.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Center in Oral Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia., University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Muzyka
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kamwendo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mbweza
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glick
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kershbaumer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nyrienda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malamud
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Constantine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nyasulu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saville
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berthold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005929:Glossitis, Benign Migratory / Q000453:epidemiology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies