title: Randomized study of coagulation and fibrinolysis during and after gasless and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum may be an important pathophysiological factor stimulating the coagulation system during conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that gasless laparoscopy produces smaller changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic system than carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients were allocated randomly to conventional (n = 26) or gasless (n = 24) laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Blood samples were obtained on admission, after induction of anaesthesia, after insufflation or traction, 30 min after introduction of the laparoscope, 10 min after exsufflation of carbon dioxide or traction, 4 h after extubation and 24 h after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, body mass index and duration of operation. Plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1 and 2 (F1 + 2), soluble fibrin and D-dimer did not differ between the two groups. F1 + 2 levels varied significantly in both groups during and after operation (P < 0.001). Soluble fibrin and D-dimer levels did not change during operation in either group, but after operation the levels increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum does not enhance the activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are activated during and after gasless as well as conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. jfl@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ejstrud
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Redke
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Rahr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D011516:Prothrombin; D005337:Fibrin