title: [Impact of lactic acid fermentation in the large intestine on acute lactic acidosis in cattle].
abstract: Microbial and fermentation changes in the ingesta of the large intestine and their influence on the pathogenesis of acute lactic acidosis were studied in 4 cows fitted with permanent cannulas in the ileum and cecum. Feed mixture containing 65% of maize was infused into the cecum for several days in amounts of 2 and 4 kg per day. The daily amount was divided in 8 equal portions and given with 3 l of warm physiologic saline solution. During the period of ad libitum feeding of hay, the pH values in cecal digesta were 7.4 to 7.6 and the amount of total volatile fatty acids 40-60 mmol/kg with high molar percentage (87-90 mol%) of acetic acid. As to lactic acid only the L(+) lactic isomer was found in a concentration of about 0.4 mmol/kg. Infusion of low amounts of starch induced mild lactic acid fermentation in the cecum associated with a pronounced increase in the concentration of L(+) and D (-) lactic acid to peak levels of 80 +/- 10 mmol/kg and 7 +/- 1 mmol/kg, respectively. Lactic acid fermentation ceased within 2 to 3 days indicating that the gut microflora had adapted to the starch infusion. Slight decreases of blood pH and bicarbonates in blood as well as a moderate increase of netto acid-base excretion in urine indicated mild changes of acid-base balance, but clinically no pathological symptoms were observed. Higher amounts of infused starch caused pronounced lactic acid production in the large intestine which persisted throughout the experiment. Peak L(+) and D(-) lactic acid concentration in cecal digesta reached on the average 137 +/- 16 mmol/kg and 45 +/- 7 mmol/kg respectively. Significant decreases of blood pH values from 7.41 +/- 0.02 to 7.18 +/- 0.08 (P < 0.001), actual bicarbonate from 28.2 +/- 3.2 to 11.0 +/- 2.6 mmol/l (P < 0.001) and base excess from 3.9 +/- 3.6 to -15.2 +/- 3.8 mmol/l (P < 0.001) were observed. D (-) lactic acid concentration in blood increased to 3.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, but L(+) lactic acid values remained unchanged under 1 mmol/l. Clear clinical symptoms of indigestion and intoxication characterized by severe inappetence, ruminal stasis and general weakness were also observed. Typical clinical symptoms of disease as well as blood and urine changes in acid-base balance indicated that lactic acid fermentation in the large intestine contributes considerably to the pathogenesis of acute ruminant lactic acidosis.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Ernährungspathologie der Tiere, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Ljubljana/Slowenien.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zust
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pestevsek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vengust
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D019344:Lactic Acid