title: A multi-center analysis of rehospitalizations five years after brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and cause of rehospitalizations 1 and 5 years after traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive statistics were computed in a prospective study of the cause and incidence of rehospitalizations at years 1 and 5 after injury. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used to identify factors relating to rehospitalization; factors included length of stay, admission and discharge functional status, payer source, medical complications, injury severity, and demographics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen medical centers in the federally sponsored Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems. In each setting, the continuum of care includes emergency medical services, intensive and acute medical care, inpatient rehabilitation, and a spectrum of community rehabilitation services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred ninety-five rehabilitation patients admitted to acute care within 24 hours of traumatic brain injury between 1989 and 1999 were examined at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence and cause of rehospitalization at 1 and 5 years after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of rehospitalization ranged from 22.9% 1 year after injury to 17.0% at 5 years after injury. At 1 year after injury, a third of the rehospitalizations were for elective reasons. At 5 years after injury, the incidence of readmissions for seizures and psychiatric difficulties and general health maintenance increased substantially. T-tests and chi-square analyses were performed on the 5-year follow-up data to compare those rehospitalized for unplanned reasons with those not rehospitalized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There remains a relatively high rate of rehospitalization in the long term after traumatic brain injury. The costs of rehospitalization should be considered when evaluating the long-term consequences of injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0542, USA. jmarwitz@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Marwitz
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Cifu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Englander
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: High
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology