title: A comparative study of the experiences of violence of English and Swedish mental health nurses.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that violence in health care environments, especially mental health care, appears to be increasing. Although there is a lack of cross-cultural studies to prove it, this increase in violence would seem to be an international phenomenon. The present study sought to compare the extent and nature of violence encountered by mental health nurses in Sweden and England. Systematic studies of violence have previously been carried out independently in both countries but this was the first attempt to compare levels of violence. Clearly defined study protocols were put in place, an operational definition of 'violence' adhered to, and random samples recruited. A specially designed questionnaire was sent to every subject (Swedish nurses n=720; English nurses n=296) enquiring about the extent of nurses' exposure to violence, the nature and severity of the violence experienced, and the effect of violence on self-esteem and job satisfaction. Significant differences were found with English nurses experiencing more violence than their Swedish counterparts. Yet support for English nurses appeared to be less good than for Swedish nurses. Reasons for the differences are discussed along with possible measures to minimise the frequency of violence against nurses and the negative effects on their work.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. p.nolan@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dallender
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnetz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*