title: The learning curve associated with pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is technically difficult compared with open splenectomy. This report examines our experience with LS to define the learning curve.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 49 consecutive laparoscopic splenectomies were reviewed. Indications, complications, operative time, and costs were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indications included hereditary spherocytosis, immune thrombocytopenia purpura, beta-thalassemia, lymphoma, splenic cysts, and abscesses. Surgical time averaged 196 minutes for the first 10 patients, decreasing to 105 minutes for the last 10. Blood loss for the first 10 patients averaged 50 cc and less than 5 cc for the last 10. There were 3 complications and 1 conversion to open operation. Operative and hospital charges averaged $6,670 and $13,402, respectively, for the first 10 cases compared with $5,278 and $10,863 for the last 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LS can be performed safely with few complications. LS has a steep learning curve in the first 20 patients after which operative times decrease along with overall costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, PO Box 5371/CH-78, Seattle, WA 98105-2039, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cusick
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Waldhausen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011361:Professional Competence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods*