title: Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms.
abstract: Bacteria that adhere to implanted medical devices or damaged tissue can encase themselves in a hydrated matrix of polysaccharide and protein, and form a slimy layer known as a biofilm. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in the biofilm mode of growth contributes to the chronicity of infections such as those associated with implanted medical devices. The mechanisms of resistance in biofilms are different from the now familiar plasmids, transposons, and mutations that confer innate resistance to individual bacterial cells. In biofilms, resistance seems to depend on multicellular strategies. We summarise the features of biofilm infections, review emerging mechanisms of resistance, and discuss potential therapies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980, USA. phil_s@erc.montana.edu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Costerton
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018441:Biofilms; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000502:physiology*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011815:R Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial