title: MR imaging of the lingual thyroid. Comparison to other submucosal lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study MR findings for clues to the diagnosis of lingual thyroid.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR findings and clinical and scintigraphic data of 5 cases of lingual thyroid were reviewed and the MR findings were compared to those of 16 cases of other submucosal lesions in the base of the tongue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the 5 patients with lingual thyroid were women and all had hypothyroidism. MR imaging depicted lingual thyroid in the midline in the base of the tongue (n=5) and additional ectopic thyroid glands in the floor of the mouth (n=2) or between the right and left sternohyoid muscles (n=1). Ectopic thyroid glands appeared isointense or hyperintense relative to muscle tissue on T1-weighted images and showed slight or fair contrast enhancement. All glands had low to intermediate T2 signal, which was also seen in 1 case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. All ectopic thyroid glands had well-defined margins, whereas malignant tumors tended to have ill-defined margins and to invade the surrounding structures. All but the 5 cases of lingual thyroid had an MR-demonstrable thyroid gland in the normal cervical position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A well-defined mass of low-intermediate T2 signal in the midline base of the tongue, neither with invasive tendency nor with a cervical thyroid gland in the normal site on MR imaging, may strongly indicate lingual thyroid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momose
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000175:diagnosis; D002828:Choristoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009060:Mouth Floor; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging