title: Active case finding: understanding the burden of tuberculosis in rural South Africa.
abstract: METHODS
  The Agincourt demographic and health surveillance site in South Africa's rural Northern Province.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To accurately assess the true burden of tuberculosis in a rural sub-district with a known high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on hospital registrations of tuberculosis were combined with data from an ongoing demographic health and surveillance system to accurately describe the burden of tuberculosis in a well-defined community. Undiagnosed active cases of sputum-positive disease in the community were detected among chronic coughers identified by heads of household during a single-pass census interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of hospitalised tuberculosis among the permanently resident population (n = 56 566) was 212/100,000 person-years during 1999. The average point prevalence of detected tuberculosis (all forms) among patients aged over 10 years was 133/100,000, and 81/100,000 for sputum-positive pulmonary disease. This compares with a point prevalence of 16/100,000 cases of sputum-positive disease detected through active case finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For every nine cases of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis being treated at any one time, there are two cases of undiagnosed disease in the community. This study demonstrates a modest burden of undiagnosed tuberculosis among residents in a rural sub-district in South Africa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. pronyk@soft.co.za
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pronyk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madonsela
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Collinson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mokoena
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tollman
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hausler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012424:Rural Population; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*