title: Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
abstract: A new means of accessing N(1)-cyclopropylmethyl-N(11)-ethylnorspermine (CPMENSPM) and the first synthesis of (2R,10S)-N(1)-cyclopropylmethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-N(11)-ethylnorspermine [(2R,10S)-(HO)(2)CPMENSPM] are described. Both of these polyamine analogues are shown to be more active against L1210 murine leukemia cell growth than either N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) or (2R,10R)-N(1),N(11)-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine [(2R,10R)-(HO)(2)DENSPM] after 96 h of treatment; the activity was comparable to that of (2S,10S)-N(1),N(11)-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine [(2S,10S)-(HO)(2)DENSPM] at 96 h. Both cyclopropyl compounds reduced putrescine and spermidine pools, but less effectively than did DENSPM and its derivatives. Only CPMENSPM, and not (2R,10S)-(HO)(2)CPMENSPM, lowered spermine pools. As with DENSPM and (2R,10R)-(HO)(2)DENSPM, both cyclopropyl analogues diminished ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity. Unlike the hydroxylated DENSPM compounds, both cyclopropyl norspermines substantially upregulated spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase. The most interesting effect of hydroxylating CPMENSPM is the profound reduction in toxicity compared with that of the parent drug. The same phenomenon had been observed for the DENSPM/(2R,10R)-(HO)(2)DENSPM pair. Thus, hydroxylation of norspermine analogues appears to be a way to maintain the compounds' antiproliferative activity while reducing their toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. bergeron@mc.cop.ufl.edu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McManis
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Algee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Weimar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiegand
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007939:Leukemia L1210; D051379:Mice; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000099228:Diamine N-Acetyltransferase
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase; D013096:Spermine; D000099228:Diamine N-Acetyltransferase