title: Cardiovascular risk in obese and nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes in the West Indies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of obesity on glycemic control and the risk of progressing to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese and nonobese type 2 diabetic patients in primary care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety patients (64 men, 126 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean duration 9.2 years) were studied after an overnight fast. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured and blood samples were taken for glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and creatinine determinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 85% of the patients had HbA(1c) levels > 7.0%, and 48% had a diastolic blood pressure (BP) >83 mm Hg, while 40% had a total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio greater than 6. The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high BP and ratios of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol between the obese and nonobese patients were similar irrespective of sex (p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that ethnicity, sex, age and duration of diabetes had significant impact on the cardiovascular risk in this population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both obese and nonobese diabetic patients had poor glycemic control and their risk of CVD was not independent of age, sex, ethnicity and duration of diabetes. We suggest strict metabolic control and improved diabetes health education at the primary care level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. ezenwaka@tstt.net.tt
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ezenwaka
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Offiah
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014900:West Indies / Q000453:epidemiology