title: Antiprolactin autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency and correlation with prolactinemia and disease activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (1) the frequency of antiprolactin (anti-PRL) autoantibodies, and (2) the relationships among anti-PRL autoantibodies, serum prolactin (PRL) levels, and lupus activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross sectional study 259 consecutive patients with SLE were tested for serum PRL levels and anti-PRL autoantibodies based on disease activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of anti-PRL was 5% (13/259), and all SLE patients with anti-PRL had hyperprolactinemia. There was lupus activity in 110 patients (42.5%) and there was no significant difference in frequency of anti-PRL autoantibodies between patients with or without lupus activity (5.5 vs 4.7%; p = 0.99). Only a high level of serum PRL was associated with lupus activity independent from other studied variables (p = 0.024). There was a negative but nonsignificant correlation between the titers of anti-PRL autoantibody and SLEDAI (r(s) = -0.16, p = 0.59). Anti-PRL positive patients had higher levels of serum PRL than anti-PRL negative patients (33.2+/-13.8 vs 11.6+/-13.2 ng/ml; p = 0.0001) and a significantly different frequency of hyperprolactinemia (100 vs 11.4%; p = 0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of anti-PRL autoantibodies was associated with hyperprolactinemic status and high serum PRL levels; these data suggest that anti-PRL autoantibodies could be the cause of hyperprolactinemia in a subset of patients with SLE. An increase in serum PRL levels proved to be an important independent factor related to lupus activity, but there was no relationship between anti-PRL autoantibodies and lupus activity.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Unit, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México DF, México. alfredo@intranet.com.mx
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leaños-Miranda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pascoe-Lira
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chávez-Rueda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanco-Favela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000276:immunology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D011388:Prolactin