title: Effects of regular and slow speed resistance training on muscle strength.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study assessed a way to increase the intensity and effectiveness of resistance training by comparing training with a slower repetition speed to training with a conventional repetition speed. Slower repetition speed may effectively increase intensity throughout the lifting phase while decreasing momentum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two studies were done with untrained men (N=65) and women (N=82), (mean age=53.6) who trained two to three times per week for eight to 10 weeks on a 13 exercise Nautilus circuit performing one set of each exercise. Participants exclusively trained using regular speed repetitions for 8 to 12 repetitions per set at 7 sec each (2 sec lifting, 1 sec pause, 4 sec lowering) or a Super Slow training protocol where they completed 4 to 6 repetitions per set at 14 sec each (10 sec lifting, 4 sec lowering). All of the participants were tested for either the 10 repetition-maximum (RM) weightload (regular-speed group) or the 5-RM weightload (slow-speed group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both studies, Super-Slow training resulted in about a 50% greater increase (p<0.001) in strength for both men and women than regular speed training. In Study 1, the Super-Slow training group showed a mean increase of 12.0 kg and the regular speed group showed an increase of 8.0 kg increase (p<0.001). In Study 2, the Super-Slow training group showed a 10.9 kg increase and the regular speed group showed an increase of 7.1 kg (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Super-Slow training is an effective method for middle-aged and older adults to increase strength. Although studies still need to be done with at-risk populations, repetition speed should be considered when prescribing resistance training.
authors.affiliation: South Shore YMCA, Quincy, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Westcott
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Winett
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Loud
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cleggett
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glover
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting