title: New developments in the understanding of cholera.
abstract: Recent advances in prevention and treatment of cholera have occurred in the areas of vaccine testing, modifications of oral-rehydration solutions (ORS), and antimicrobial treatment. Oral vaccines consisting of killed whole bacterial cells (WC) with and without the B-subunit of cholera toxin (BS) were shown to be effective in large trials in Bangladesh, Peru, and Vietnam. However, the trials did not resolve whether two or three doses of vaccine are required and whether BS adds significantly to the immune protection of WC. Live, attenuated bacterial vaccines that are immunogenic and have been shown protective in human volunteer studies are candidates for future field trials. Rehydration of patients is a life- saving effort. The best ORS contains rice powder in place of glucose, and solutions with reduced osmolarity (245 mOsm/L, sodium 75 mEq/L) are as effective as standard ORS. Ciprofloxacin in a single dose is effective in adults, and erythromycin or ampicillin in multiple doses is effective in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 9410, Lubbock, TX 79430-9410, USA. medtcb@ttuhsc.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D002771:Cholera / Q000628:therapy*; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D022121:Cholera Vaccines