title: 15-lipoxygenase-1 metabolites down-regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma via the MAPK signaling pathway.
abstract: Human colon tumors have elevated levels of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1), suggesting that 15-LO-1 may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. Also, 15-LO-1 metabolites can up-regulate epidermal growth factor signaling pathways, which results in an increase in mitogenesis. However, metabolites of 15-LO-1 can serve as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), and activation of this receptor causes most colon cancer cell lines to undergo a differentiative response and reverse their malignant phenotype. Hence, the role 15-LO-1 plays in colon cancer is not clear. To clarify the role of 15-LO-1 in carcinogenesis, the effect of 15-LO-1 and its metabolites on epidermal growth factor signaling and PPARgamma was investigated. In HCT-116 cells, exogenously added 15-LO-1 metabolites, 13-(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 13-(R)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and 13-(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid, up-regulated the MAPK signaling pathway, and an increase in PPARgamma phosphorylation was observed. Furthermore, in stable overexpressing 15-LO-1 HCT-116 cells, which produce endogenous 15-LO-1 metabolites, an up-regulation in mitogen-activated protein kinase and PPARgamma phosphorylation was observed. Incubation with a MAPK inhibitor ablated MAPK and PPARgamma phosphorylation. The 15-LO-1 up-regulates MAPK activity and increases PPARgamma phosphorylation, resulting in a down-regulation of PPARgamma activity. Thus, 15-LO-1 metabolites may not only serve as ligands for PPARgamma but can down-regulate PPARgamma activity via the MAPK signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Eicosanoid Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hsi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Eling
mesh_terms: D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000502:physiology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; C024348:13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase