title: Cardiotrophin-1 can protect cardiac myocytes from injury when added both prior to simulated ischaemia and at reoxygenation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cytokine cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) has previously been shown to protect cultured cardiocytes from cell death induced by serum removal or hypoxia when administered prior to the damaging stimulus. We wished to test whether a similar protective effect could be observed if CT-1 was added after the ischaemic period and to investigate the signalling pathways involved in the protective effect when CT-1 is given prior to or after ischaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore examined the protective effect of CT-1 in cultured rat cardiocytes exposed to simulated ischaemia followed by reoxygenation when CT-1 was administered either prior to simulated ischaemia or at reoxygenation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that CT-1 can exert a protective effect against the damaging effects of simulated ischaemia/reoxygenation both when added after the simulated ischaemia at reoxygenation (P<0.05 in trypan blue, TUNEL and annexin V assays) or when added prior to the simulated ischaemia (P<0.05). In both cases, these protective effects are blocked by an inhibitor of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway (P<0.05 in all assays).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT-1 can protect cardiac cells when added either prior to simulated ischaemia or at the time of reoxygenation following simulated ischaemia and these effects are dependent upon its ability to activate the p42/p44 MAPK pathway. Hence CT-1 may have therapeutic potential when added at the time of reperfusion following ischaemic damage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, UK.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stephanou
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pennica
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Yellon
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Latchman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; C092073:cardiotrophin 1; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases