title: Effect of supplementary choline on the performance of broiler breeders fed on different energy sources.
abstract: 1. Laying performance, egg quality, fertility and hatchability, and fat deposition in liver and abdomen were recorded in broiler breeders (29 to 48 weeks of age) fed on diets containing perarl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) (PM), broken rice (BR) or yellow maize (YM) (600 g/kg diet). Constant ratios of metabolisable energy (ME) to other nutrients were maintained in all the diets. Food grade choline chloride (50%) was added to the diets at 3 concentrations (0, 760 and 1,520 mg/kg). Each diet was offered to 3 replicate groups of 15 birds (12 hens and 3 cockerels), maintained in deep litter pens, to provide 1.46 MJ ME/bird/d. 2. Neither the source of energy nor dietary choline content had any influence on hen-d egg production, fertility or hatchability. Food efficiency and egg weight were significantly reduced in BR-fed groups compared to those fed on the other energy sources. 3. The efficiency of energy and protein utilisation increased and liver fat content was decreased significantly by dietary choline supplementation. 4. Haugh unit score, egg shell weight, liver weight and intestinal weight were not influenced by either supplementary choline or the source of energy. However, the yolk colour index was significantly reduced in PM- or BR-fed groups compared to those fed on the maize-based diet. 5. Deposition of abdominal fat was significantly greater in BR-fed birds compared to those fed on the YM-based diet, while liver fat content was significantly greater in the birds fed on the PM-or BR-based diets than those based on YM. Although supplementation of the diet with choline had no influence on abdominal fat deposition, liver fat content was significantly reduced in birds given diet containing 760 mg supplemental choline/kg diet. 6. The present study indicates that PM or BR can be used as principal energy sources in place of YM in broiler breeder diets without affecting egg production, fertility or hatchability. Liver fat content can be reduced by adding choline at 760 mg/kg to diets based on different energy sources.
authors.affiliation: Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. pdpoult@ap.nic.in
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rama Rao
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sunder
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Praharaj
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Panda
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004531:Eggs / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*; D012098:Reproduction; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002794:Choline