title: Brain blood flow changes in depressed patients treated with interpersonal psychotherapy or venlafaxine hydrochloride: preliminary findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional brain imaging studies in major depression have suggested abnormalities of areas, including the frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia, and temporal cortex. We hypothesized that venlafaxine hydrochloride and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) might each alter brain blood flow in some or all of these areas on sequential single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight men and women aged 30 to 53 years with a DSM-IV major depressive episode, a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) rating of 18 or higher, and antidepressant-naive for at least 6 months were studied. After baseline (99m)technetium-hexa-methyl-propylene-amine-oxime scan, 1-T magnetic resonance imaging, and psychometric ratings, patients were assigned to different treatments. Thirteen patients had 1-hour weekly sessions of IPT from the same supervised therapist (E.M.). Fifteen patients took 37.5 mg twice-daily of venlafaxine hydrochloride. Single-photon emission computed tomography scans and ratings were repeated at 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatment groups improved substantially, more so with venlafaxine (mean [SD] HAM-D scores at pretreatment: IPT, 22.7 [2.7], and venlafaxine, 22.4 [3.1]; and posttreatment: IPT, 16.2 [7.1], and venlafaxine, 10.9 [8.6]). No patients had structural brain abnormalities. On analysis with statistical parametric mapping 96, the venlafaxine group showed right posterior temporal and right basal ganglia activation (P =.01), while the IPT group had limbic right posterior cingulate and right basal ganglia activation (P =.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary investigation has shown limbic blood flow increase with IPT yet not venlafaxine, while both treatments demonstrated increased basal ganglia blood flow. This was, however, a short trial with a small sample, no control group, and different symptom reduction in the 2 groups.
authors.affiliation: Affinity Research Unit, Cherry Knowle Hospital, Ryhope, Sunderland, SR2 0NB, England, UK.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Royall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000098:blood supply; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000098:blood supply; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride