Two dopamine genes related to reports of childhood retrospective inattention and conduct disorder symptoms.
The 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) and the 10 repeat allele of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) have shown association and linkage with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. The parents of ADHD children (clinic group, n = 80 fathers and 107 mothers) and control children (control group, n = 42 fathers and 51 mothers) were the focus of this study. These parents reported retrospectively on their level of ADHD Inattention and Conduct Disorder symptoms in adolescence. In analyses of the relation of symptom levels to the DRD4 and DAT1 genotypes, fathers possessing the 7 repeat DRD4 allele had greater levels of both inattention and conduct disorder symptoms. Mothers with the 10/10 genotype had higher levels of inattention symptoms. Thus, genetic associations found in children may be replicable in their parents.
Rowe
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Graduate Committee in Genetics and Division of Family Studies and Human Development, Campus Box 210033, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. dcr091@ag.arizona.edu
Stever
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Chase
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Sherman
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Abramowitz
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Waldman
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D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009035:Mothers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009679:Nuclear Family; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D002352:Carrier Proteins; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D004298:Dopamine