title: Effects of the CATCH physical education intervention: teacher type and lesson location.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substantial differences exist in how and where physical education (PE) is conducted in elementary schools throughout the United States. Few effectiveness studies of large-scale interventions to improve PE have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) was implemented in PE classes in 96 schools (56 intervention, 40 control) in four study centers: California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2.5-year PE intervention consisted of professional development sessions, curricula, and follow-up consultations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intervention effects on student physical activity and lesson context in PE were examined by teacher type (PE specialists and classroom teachers) and lesson location (indoors and outdoors).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differential effects by teacher type and lesson location were evidenced for both physical activity and lesson context. Observations of 2016 lessons showed that intervention schools provided more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p=0.002) and vigorous physical activity (p=0.02) than controls. Classroom teachers improved physical activity relatively more than PE specialists, but PE specialists still provided longer lessons and more physical activity. Classroom teachers increased lesson length (p=0.02) and time for physical fitness (p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention improved PE of both specialists' and classroom teachers' lessons. States and districts should ensure that the most qualified staff teaches PE. Interventions need to be tailored to meet local needs and conditions, including teacher type and location of lessons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. tmckenzie@sdsu.edu
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Epping
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Strikmiller
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Parcel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires