title: Dermacentor andersoni: effects of repeated infestations on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and adhesion-molecule expression by BALB/c mice.
abstract: The effects of repeated infestations with Dermacentor andersoni nymphs on the lymphocyte functions of BALB/c mice were investigated. The in-vitro proliferation responses to concanavalin-A or salivary-gland molecules, the production of cytokines, and the expression of two adhesion molecules-leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late activation-4 (VLA-4)-were all studied. In addition, the ability of salivary-gland extract or saliva from D. andersoni to modulate expression of lymphocyte adhesion molecules in vitro was determined. The proliferative responses of T-lymphocytes to concanavalin-A were significantly suppressed after first and second infestations, and significant increases in lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of tick salivary-gland antigen were observed in infested mice. After two infestations, production of interleukin-2 was significantly decreased but that of interferon-gamma remained unchanged. Production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 was significantly enhanced in infested mice after both the first and second infestations. Expression of LFA-1 and VLA-4 by lymphocytes from infested mice was suppressed. Furthermore, both a salivary-gland extract and the saliva of D. andersoni reduced the in-vitro expression of both of these adhesion molecules by lymphocytes from tick-naive mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 127 Noble Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. kmaca001@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Macaluso
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wikel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003870:Dermacentor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012008:Recurrence; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma