Endoluminal sonographic imaging of upper urinary tract: three-dimensional reconstruction.
Two-dimensional endoluminal sonographic imaging of the ureter demonstrates the periureteral anatomy, as well as define lesions within the ureteral wall. It has been used for evaluation of a wide range of abnormalities, including ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstructions, crossing vasculature at an obstructed UPJ, ureteral and renal pelvic neoplasms, and the obstructed ureter. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of two-dimensional (2D) sonographic imaging is a new technique applicable to intraluminal imaging. It offers advantages over 2D imaging by demonstrating the spatial relation of anatomic structures that cannot be appreciated using conventional imaging. We have evaluated a number of ureters with various pathology using 2D endouminal sonography. In this paper, we present three cases in which we have used 3D reconstruction to gain a clearer understanding of the pathology. Although still early in its application, 3D endoluminal reconstruction has potential to be a clinically useful aid to surgical decision-making.
Grotas
A
A
New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA.
Grasso
M
M
D000328:Adult; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008875:Middle Aged; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery