title: Muscle fiber and satellite cell apoptosis in the aging human thyroarytenoid muscle: a stereological study with confocal laser scanning microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study determines the role of changes in numerical densities of apoptotic myonuclei and satellite cells in age-related remodeling of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in numerical densities of apoptotic myonuclei and satellite cells were estimated for the entire TA by using stereological techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increase in N(V apoptotic myonucleus, fiber type) (P < 0.05) and in the percentage of apoptotic myonuclei (P < 0.05) in type 1 but not in type 2 muscle fibers. There was also an increase in N(V apoptotic satellite cell, fiber type) (P < 0.05) and in the percentage of apoptotic satellite cells (P < 0.05) in type 1 fibers but not in type 2 fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apoptosis may contribute to age-related fiber loss and atrophy in the TA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic techniques based on decreasing the frequency of apoptosis may block age-related fiber loss and atrophy in the TA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. malmgrel@mail.upstate.edu
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Malmgren
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bookman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002102:Cadaver; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000166:cytology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology*; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity