title: Expanded indications for transcervical thymectomy in the management of anterior mediastinal masses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcervical thymectomy (TCT) is an accepted though controversial approach for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis (MG). The suggestion of thymoma on computed tomography (CT) has been considered a contraindication to TCT. We sought to determine whether the indications for TCT could be safely expanded to include selected patients with thymomas as well as other types of anterior mediastinal masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1992 and September 1999, we performed 121 TCTs: 98 in patients with MG and 23 in patients without MG. The patients' records were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 98 MG patients, 28 had CT scans suspicious for thymoma. Of these, 14 had a thymoma pathologically. These were classified as stage I (5), stage II (8), and stage III (1). Five patients required extension of the incision for completion of the procedure. There have been no thymoma recurrences to date with a mean follow-up of 48 months (range 3 to 96 months). In the 23 patients without MG, 12 had new anterior mediastinal masses, 4 had a history of treated lymphoma, 1 had a history of treated germ cell tumor, and 6 had suspected mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. Diagnostic tissue was obtained in all patients undergoing the procedure for diagnosis, and in 4 of 6 patients, a parathyroid adenoma was successfully resected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcervical exploration and thymectomy offers a less invasive approach to the diagnosis and/or definitive treatment of selected anterior mediastinal masses. We suggest that it is appropriate to expand its use to several clinical scenarios beyond the typical indication of thymectomy in MG patients without thymoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Deeb
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Brinster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kucharzuk
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Shrager
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013934:Thymectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013945:Thymoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed