title: Acute muscle damage as a stimulus for training-induced gains in strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single acute bout of maximal eccentric work upon the strength gains during 9 subsequent weeks of strength training. Eccentric work causes acute muscle damage that may initiate compensatory hypertrophy and enhance training-induced gains in strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six healthy adults (21 +/- 1 yr, 7 women) trained the elbow flexors 3 d per week for 9 wk. One arm (C) performed purely conventional isotonic training, i.e., lifting and lowering. The other arm (E) began with a single bout of maximal eccentric work but thereafter undertook identical isotonic training. Every week dynamic lifting strength (1 RM) and isometric strength were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that an acute bout of eccentric muscle damage does not accentuate training-induced gains in strength. Isometric strength of arm E fell by 15 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM) 2 d after the bout of eccentric work, and, 4 d afterward, plasma creatine kinase levels were 1502 +/- 397 IU.L-1. Although arm E displayed rapid gains in strength from 2 d after the bout of eccentric work, these were not sustained, and for several weeks arm E showed significantly smaller gains in strength than arm C (isometric strength, 2 wk; dynamic lifting strength, 5 wk).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 9 wk of training, the gains in both isometric and dynamic lifting strength were similar for the two arms. A single bout of damaging eccentric work did not enhance the response to conventional strength training and significantly compromised strength gains for several weeks.
authors.affiliation: Chelsea School Research Centre, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom. j.folland@bton.ac.uk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Folland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Copeman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003402:Creatine Kinase