title: A prospective evaluation of dietary status and symptoms after near-total esophagectomy without gastric emptying procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After esophagectomy, the stomach is the most commonly utilized reconstructive conduit. There remains debate among surgeons regarding the requirements for pyloroplasty/pyloromyotomy following reconstruction. We present a series of patients having undergone near total esophagectomy and reconstruction with gastric tube without gastric emptying procedure to analyze critically these patients' ability to reestablish a subjectively acceptable and nutritionally adequate eating pattern without significant side effects of early satiety, dumping, or diarrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 1998, 48 patients underwent esophagectomy utilizing this technique and were available for long-term follow-up and nutritional assessment. Patient weights were recorded at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year and a telephone interview conducted at a mean of 36 months postoperatively for the evaluation of eating patterns and symptoms. A subgroup of these patients (32 of 48) completed a 3-day dietary record that was assessed by a certified nutritionist. This patient group included 10 patients (21%) who had received perioperative chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary intake was characterized as normal or minimally limited in 41 patients (85%). Those who had received perioperative chemoradiotherapy needed no significant increased time to return to a normal dietary baseline (6.1 versus 5.9 months). Mean weight loss prior to surgery was 3 kg. Weight loss continued for the first 6 months (mean 10 kg); however, 63% were able to gain weight from 6 months to 1 year following surgery (mean 3 kg). Most patients were overweight prior to operation (mean 115% of ideal body weight) and achieved a new postoperative baseline (mean 104% of ideal body weight) at 1 year. Patients demonstrated a mean daily caloric intake of 2,179 kilocalories per day, which was 98% of recommended according to their ideal body weight. Postoperative symptoms of short-term nausea (19%), occasional dysphagia with certain foods (38%), mild increased stool frequency (15%), and occasional regurgitation (25%) were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Near-total esophagectomy with verticalized gastric tube without a gastric emptying procedure is well tolerated and allows a return to subjectively acceptable and nutritionally appropriate dietary eating pattern without significant associated side effects.
authors.affiliation: Section of General, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 9th Avenue, C6-GSUR, Seattle, WA 98111, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Thirlby
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001835:Body Weight; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004435:Eating; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011708:Pylorus / Q000601:surgery; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss