title: Performance, digesta characteristics, nutrient flux, plasma composition, and organ weight in pigs as affected by dietary cation anion difference and nonstarch polysaccharide.
abstract: Two dietary cation anion difference (CAD) levels (-100 and 200 mEq/kg) and two dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) levels (10 and 15%) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in two randomized blocks (trials) to evaluate performance, digesta pH and buffer capacity, apparent digestibility, plasma composition, and organ weight in pigs. Seven pigs with a mean initial weight of 7.5 kg were used in each treatment. Pigs had free access to feed and water during the 3-wk experimental period. At the end of the experiment, all pigs were killed approximately 2.5 h after addition of fresh feed. Liver, kidneys, and small and large intestine were removed and weighed immediately. Gastric and small intestinal (divided into two equal parts) digesta were collected. Dry matter, pH, buffering capacity, viscosity, acid insoluble ash, mineral content (Na+, K+, and Cl-), nitrogen, and gross energy content (only in the second part of the small intestine) of the digesta were measured. An interaction (P < 0.05) between dietary CAD and dietary NSP was observed for feed intake, growth, apparent digestibility of DM and gross energy in the distal small intestine, and chloride in the stomach and duodeno-jejunal part of the small intestine. Increasing dietary NSP content increased apparent digestibility of DM and chloride in the stomach and increased apparent digestibility of DM, chloride, sodium, and potassium in the first part of the small intestine. Lowering dietary CAD levels significantly increased apparent digestibility of DM in the first part of the small intestine and decreased chloride influx in the stomach and the small intestine. No significant differences were found for pH, buffering capacity, and viscosity of digesta, except the buffering capacity in the second part of the small intestine, which was higher (P < 0.05) in the 200 mEq/kg CAD group than in the -100 CAD mEq/ kg group. Plasma urea decreased in the low dietary CAD groups and plasma ammonia increased in the high NSP groups. Large intestine weight was significantly less for the -100 mEq/kg CAD groups than for the 200 mEq/kg CAD groups. In conclusion, the effect of CAD on feed intake and growth in pigs depends on dietary NSP levels.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. Yueming.Li@student.vv.wau.nl
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dersjant-Li
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Verstegen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zandstra
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Schrama
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verreth
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004063:Digestion; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D008903:Minerals; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea