Mutation in the class II trans-activator leading to a mild immunodeficiency.
The expression of MHC class II molecules is essential for all Ag-dependent immune functions and is regulated at the transcriptional level. Four trans-acting proteins control the coordinate expression of MHC class II molecules: class II trans-activator (CIITA), regulatory factor binding to the X box (RFX)-associated protein; RFX protein containing ankyrin repeats, and RFX5. In humans, defects in these genes result in MHC class II expression deficiency and cause combined immunodeficiency. Most patients with this deficiency suffer from severe recurrent infections that frequently lead to death during early childhood. We investigated three sisters, now ages 21, 22, and 24 years, in whom MHC-II deficiency was detected. Even though the eldest sibling was asymptomatic and the other two had only mild immunodeficiency, none of the three class II isotypes was expressed on T cell blasts, fibroblasts, EBV B cell lines, or epidermal dendritic cells. Residual HLA-II expression was detected in fresh PBMC. Somatic complementation identified the disease as CIITA deficiency. A homozygous T1524C (L469P) substitution was found in the coding region of the CIITA cDNA and was shown to be responsible for the defect in MHC-II expression. This missense mutation prevents the normal functioning of MHC-II but does not lead to the nuclear exclusion of the L469P CIITA. Transfection experiments demonstrated that the CIITA L469P mutant had residual MHC class II trans activation activity, which might explain the unusual clinical course of the patients studied. This study shows that an attenuated clinical phenotype or an asymptomatic clinical course can be observed in patients despite a profound defect in the expression of MHC class II genes. The frequency of the inherited MHC class II deficiency might thus be underestimated.
Wiszniewski
W
W
Unité 429 and Department d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Necker, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France.
Fondaneche
M C
MC
Le Deist
F
F
Kanariou
M
M
Selz
F
F
Brousse
N
N
Steimle
V
V
Barbieri
G
G
Alcaide-Loridan
C
C
Charron
D
D
Fischer
A
A
Lisowska-Grospierre
B
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005260:Female; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II / Q000235:genetics*; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006682:HLA-DP Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D007223:Infant; D007930:Leucine / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017354:Point Mutation; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*
D006682:HLA-DP Antigens; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007930:Leucine