title: Provision of phenotype-matched blood units: no need for pre-transfusion antibody screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Hong Kong government is planning to introduce an electronic smart identity card for all seven million citizens in 2003. If the smart card contains the full red cell phenotype/genotype of the individual, it may be possible to transfuse phenotype-matched blood units without pre-transfusion antibody screening. We conducted a feasibility study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Red cell phenotype was determined for 407 donor blood units and 493 patients for whom an antibody screen had been ordered. The computer program selected phenotype-matched blood from the donor stock for the patients according to actual transfusion request. For patients with a positive antibody screen, full crossmatching was carried out with the computer-selected phenotype units. The frequencies of the various red cell phenotypes in the population were calculated from Red Cross data of antigen frequencies. The probabilities of finding at least one unit of phenotype-matched blood from a 300-unit hospital stock and a 4,000-unit Red Cross stock were determined for each phenotype. Cost analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two out of 493 patients received a total of 395 blood units. The required number of phenotype-matched blood units could be found for 92 patients using a 300-unit pool and for all patients using a 4,000-unit pool. We calculated that phenotype-matched blood could be provided for more than 98% of patients without antibody screening. The total cost of the project is US$ 98 million with potential savings of US$ 14 million per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible and cost-effective to transfuse patients with phenotype-matched blood without antibody screening using a smart card system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004912:Erythrocytes; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007518:Isoantibodies; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D007518:Isoantibodies