title: Enhancing longevity of pacemakers through reprogramming. Underutilization and cost-effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to observe the number of pacemakers that had never been reprogrammed after implantation, and the effect of optimised output programming on estimated longevity of pulse generators in patients with pacemaker
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with Teletronics Reflex pacemakers were evaluated in a pacemaker clinic, from the time of the beginning of its activities, in June 1998, until March 1999. Telemetry was performed during the first clinic visit, and we observed how many pulse generators retained nominal output settings of the manufactures indicating the absence of reprogramming until that date. After evaluation of the capture threshold, reprogramming of pacemakers was performed with a safety margin of 2 to 2.5:1, and we compared the estimated longevity based on battery current at the manufacturer's settings with that based on settings achieved after reprogramming.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 95% of the cases, the original programmed setting was never reprogrammed before the patients attended the pacemaker clinic. Reprogramming the pacemaker prolonged estimated pulse generator life by 19.7+/-15.6 months (35.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the pacemakers evaluated had never been reprogrammed. Estimated pulse generator longevity can be prolonged significantly, using this simple, safe, efficacious, and cost-effective procedure.
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. antonior@net.em.com.br
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rincón
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pires
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000191:economics; D012984:Software; D013686:Telemetry; D013997:Time Factors