title: Racial differences in low-density lipoprotein particle size in families at high risk for premature coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated in atherogenesis and coronary heart disease (CHD) events, little is known about possible racial differences in LDL particle size. This study was designed to examine racial differences in the prevalence of small, dense LDL among 159 African-American and 477 White siblings of persons with premature (<60 years of age) CHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study examined fasting levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-1, and triglycerides, as well as factors known to be associated with small, dense LDL, including age, sex, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Relative LDL particle size was defined by the LDL cholesterol to ApoB ratio. Direct measurement of LDL particle size was obtained by proton NMR spectroscopy in a subset of 64 siblings. Despite similar levels of total and LDL cholesterol, White siblings were more likely to have low LDL cholesterol to ApoB ratios, indicative of atherogenic small, dense LDL, compared with African-American siblings. Multiple logistic regression analysis predicting the presence of LDL cholesterol/ApoB < or = 1.0 demonstrated that race (P = .009), triglyceride level (P = .0001), and diabetes (P = .02) were independent predictors, controlling for age and all other variables. Direct measurement of LDL particle size by NMR spectroscopy supported these findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide the first known evidence that White individuals from a population at high risk for premature CHD have a greater probability of having a preponderance of small, dense LDL particles than do African Americans, independent of triglyceride levels, and despite comparable levels of total and LDL cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Promotion, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kral
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Yook
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Kwiterovich
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Otvos
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL