title: Delayed appearance of carbon granulomas of the scalp after use of carbon fiber pins for refixation of a stereotactic head frame. Case report.
abstract: The authors present a case involving the formation of several carbon granulomas in the scalp of a woman 7 years after she underwent craniotomy. Her operation had included the use of carbon fiber pins for refixation of a stereotactic head frame. Carbon granulomas have been noted in multiple organs following surgical or traumatic carbon deposition, but have not been reported in association with neurosurgical carbon fiber pins used for head fixation. The lesions in this case arose a few months after initiation of chemotherapy for the patient's brain tumor. The relationship of carbon and cutaneous granuloma formation to adjuvant therapies and treatment strategies is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Peereboom
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Biscotti
mesh_terms: D001858:Bone Nails; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002244:Carbon; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000601:surgery; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012535:Scalp / Q000473:pathology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002244:Carbon