title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol: a novel method of ovarian stimulation in poor responders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist 'Cetrorelix' in poor responders comparing with the standard long protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 21 poor responders who underwent ICSI and treated with Cetrorelix according to the multiple-dose protocol and who were compared with 21 poor responders treated according to the long protocol and who also underwent ICSI. Patients in both groups were matched for chronological age, the number of follicles found by ultrasound at the retrieval day and cause of infertility. Fifteen patients of GnRH antagonist group were treated with the combination of GnRH antagonist with clomiphene citrate (CC) plus gonadotropins, while six patients were treated with the combination of GnRH antagonist plus gonadotropins, but without CC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of GnRH antagonist in a multiple dose protocol gave a pregnancy rate of 14.28% which was in the range expected for patient with poor response, but with shorter treatment duration and with fewer ampoules of gonadotropins as compared with the use of a GnRH agonist protocol in a depot formulation. Within Cetrorelix group patients who received CC had a significant shorter duration of stimulation and needed fewer ampoules as compared with patients in the same group who did not receive CC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A GnRH antagonist multiple dose protocol may be the protocol of choice for the treatment of poor responders. The use of GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix ended with significantly less ampoules of gonadotropins and a shorter duration of stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Medical University Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538, Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikolettos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Hasani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felberbaum
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kupker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montzka
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schopper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008596:Menotropins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D002996:Clomiphene; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008596:Menotropins; C062876:cetrorelix