title: The A3 adenosine receptor induces cytoskeleton rearrangement in human astrocytoma cells via a specific action on Rho proteins.
abstract: In previous studies, we have demonstrated that exposure of astroglial cells to A3 adenosine receptor agonists results in dual actions on cell survival, with "trophic" and antiapoptotic effects at nanomolar concentrations and induction of cell death at micromolar agonist concentrations. The protective actions of A3 agonists have been associated with a reinforcement of the actin cytoskeleton, which likely results in increased resistance of cells to cytotoxic stimuli. The molecular mechanisms at the basis of this effect and the signalling pathway(s) linking the A3 receptor to the actin cytoskeleton have never been elucidated. Based on previous literature data suggesting that the actin cytoskeleton is controlled by small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family, in the study reported here we investigated the involvement of these proteins in the effects induced by A3 agonists on human astrocytoma ADF cells. The presence of the A3 adenosine receptor in these cells has been confirmed by immunoblotting analysis. As expected, exposure of human astrocytoma ADF cells to nanomolar concentrations of the selective A3 agonist 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (CI-IB-MECA) resulted in formation of thick actin positive stress fibers. Preexposure of cells to the C3B toxin that inactivates Rho-proteins completely prevented the actin changes induced by CI-IB-MECA. Exposure to the A3 agonist also resulted in significant reduction of Rho-GDI, an inhibitory protein known to maintain Rho proteins in their inactive state, suggesting a potentiation of Rho-mediated effects. This effect was fully counteracted by the concomitant exposure to the selective A3 receptor antagonist MRS1191. These results suggest that the reinforcement of the actin cytoskeleton induced by A3 receptor agonists is mediated by an interference with the activation/inactivation cycle of Rho proteins, which may, therefore, represent a biological target for the identification of novel neuroprotective strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy. Mariapia.Abbracchio@unimi.it
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Abbracchio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camurri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ceruti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cattabeni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falzano
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giammarioli
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trincavelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Malorni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorentini
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D000241:Adenosine; C090034:2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide