title: Downregulation of hASH1 is associated with the retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MASH1, a transcription factor with basic helix-loop-helix domain, has a pivotal function to promote differentiation of neural crest cells into autonomic neurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the functional significance of human MASH1 (hASH1) in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma, which is originated from autonomic precursor cells, we studied hASH1 gene expression in primary neuroblastomas and human nueroblastoma cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The follovving results were obtained: (i) hASH1 was expressed in 40 out of 61 (66%) primary neuroblastomas, (ii) hASH1 transcripts were downregulated in several cell lines prior to differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA), (iii) a neuroblasotma cell line without expression of endogenous hASH1 did not respond to RA at all, and (iv) the analysis of the hASH1 genomic DNA revealed two possible transcription initiation sites, which may correspond to 3.0 kb and 3.5 kb transcripts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations suggest that, although hASH1 may not preserve the growth capacity of neuroblastomas, downregulation of hASH1 may be necessary to promote neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichimiya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakagawara
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005796:Genes; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin; C065500:ASCL1 protein, human