title: Simultaneous determination of malathion, permethrin, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine using high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A method was developed for the separation and quantification of the insecticide malathion (O,O-dimethyl-S-(1,2-carbethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioate), its metabolite malaoxon (O,O-dimethyl-S-(1,2-carbethoxyethyl) phosphorothioate), the insecticide permethrin (3-(2,2-dichloro-ethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid(3-phenoxyphenyl)methylester), two of its metabolites m-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and m-phenoxybenzoic acid, the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), and its metabolites m-toluamide and m-toluic acid in rat plasma and urine. The method used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reversed phase C(18) column, and UV detection at 210 nm. The compounds were separated using gradient of 45--99% acetonitrile in water (pH 3.5) at a flow rate ranging between 0.5 and 2 ml/min in a period of 15 min. The retention times ranged from 7.4 to 12.3 min. The limits of detection ranged between 20 and 100 ng/ml, while limits of quantitation were 50-150 ng/ml. Average percentage recovery of five spiked plasma samples were 80.1+/-4.2, 75.2+/-4.6, 84.5+/-4.0, 84.3+/-3.4, 82.8+/-3.9, 83.9+/-5.5, 82.2+/-6.0, 83.1+/-4.3, and from urine 78.8+/-3.9, 76.4+/-4.9, 82.3+/-4.5, 82.5+/-3.9, 81.4+/-4.0, 83.9+/-4.3, 81.5+/-5.0, and 84.5+/-3.8 for, malathion, malaoxon, DEET, m-toluamide, m-toluic acid, permethrin, m-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, and m-phenoxybenzoic acid, respectively. The method was reproducible and linear over range between 100 and 1000 ng/ml. This method was applied to analyze the above chemicals and metabolites following combined dermal administration in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, PO Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Abu-Qare
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Abou-Donia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003671:DEET / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D007306:Insecticides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008294:Malathion / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D026023:Permethrin; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003671:DEET; D026023:Permethrin; D008294:Malathion