title: Subcutaneous adipose tissue layers as a stable correlate of leptin in response to short term energy restriction in obese girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the relationship of subcutaneous adipose tissue layers (SAT-layers) measured at 15 specified body sites with leptin before and after a weight loss program for three weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 70 obese girls, SAT-layers were measured by means of the optical device, lipometer. Fat mass (FM) was estimated by means of bioelectrical impedance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the beginning of the study, all estimates of adiposity, insulin, and SAT-layers from the upper body (from 1-neck to 6-lateral chest) were correlated to leptin at a P-value of<0.0001. Percentage FM together with SAT-layer 4-upper back and insulin explained 75% of the variation in leptin (P<0.0001). After three weeks, estimates of adiposity and leptin were reduced (all P<0.0001). Most SAT-layers were reduced, but SAT-layers 8-lower abdomen and 9-lower back were significantly increased. Changes in leptin were best explained by initial leptin, but percentage change (Delta) in insulin, Delta SAT-layer 1-neck, and Delta SAT-layer 3-biceps contributed to the Delta leptin (adj. r(2)=0.47, P<0.0001). In the weight-reduced state, circulating leptin was best explained by three SAT-layers and insulin (adj. r(2)=0.67, P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that Delta changes in leptin are attributable to changes in the endocrine state and subcutaneous fat, and SAT-layers may serve as a stable correlate of leptin in the weight-reduced state.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sport Sciences, Karl-Franzens University, Mosartgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria. Karl.Sudi@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sudi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallistl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tröbinger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weinhandl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Payerl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tafeit
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Borkenstein
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin