title: Occlusion of left common iliac vein by a distended urinary bladder in a male with paraplegia due to spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  A report of a male subject who sustained paraplegia at T-5 level due to spinal cord injury (SCI) 18 years ago, and in whom, occlusion of the left common iliac vein by a distended bladder was detected during a routine follow-up.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To illustrate a rare complication of chronic distension of the urinary bladder viz occlusion of the left common iliac vein, which persisted even after providing adequate bladder drainage by intermittent catheterisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a routine follow-up, we performed intravenous urography by injecting 50 ml of Ultravist 300 in a vein over the dorsum of the left foot. Opacification of collateral veins in the pelvis was seen in the 5- and 10-min films, which suggested iliac venous occlusion. In order to confirm the diagnosis, contrast was injected intravenously in the left foot and venography was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Venography revealed a distended left common iliac vein with contrast flowing into the right internal iliac vein through collateral veins in the pelvis; the right common iliac vein and inferior vena cava were patent. Duplex Doppler sonography showed compression of left common iliac vein by the posterior wall of a distended bladder with absence of blood flow through the compressed segment. Computerised tomography (CT) confirmed the diagnosis of extrinsic compression of the left common iliac vein against the promontory of sacrum by a distended bladder. CT excluded other causes for iliac vein occlusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a male subject with SCI, chronic bladder distension produced occlusion of the left common iliac vein. Health professionals caring for individuals with SCI should be aware that long-standing bladder distension could cause pressure effects upon adjacent structures in the pelvis.
authors.affiliation: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, District General Hospital, Southport, Merseyside, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sett
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000328:Adult; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000150:complications*; D010690:Phlebography; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D014567:Urography