title: Impact of race in lung cancer: analysis of temporal trends from a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed data from a community-based cancer database over a 26-year period in order to characterize clinicopathologic differences between black and white patients with lung cancer, and to identify relevant temporal trends in incidence and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on demographics, stage, histology, and survival were obtained on all black and white patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma registered in the community-based metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1973 to 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 48,318 eligible patients, 23% were black. Lung cancer incidence rates decreased for men of both races from 1985 to 1998, with a greater decline occurring in black men (p < 0.0001). Although incidence rates declined over time for men of both races < 50 years of age, this decrease was greater in white men, resulting in an increase in the racial differential in younger men. Temporal trends in incidence rates were similar for women of both races. The incidence of distant-stage disease was higher among blacks throughout the study period. The incidence of local-stage disease decreased for both races, though this decline was greater in blacks. A significant racial difference in 2-year and 5-year survival rates developed during the study period, due to a distinct lack of improvement in black patients. In a multivariate model, the relative risks of death for black patients, relative to white patients, were 1.24 (p < 0.0001) for local stage, 1.14 (p < 0.0001) for regional stage, and 1.03 (p = 0.045) for distant stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant racial differences exist in the incidence and survival rates for lung cancer in metropolitan Detroit. Since 1973, several disturbing trends have developed, particularly with regard to the lack of improvement in overall survival in black patients. Further study is required to determine the factors responsible for these temporal trends.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Wayne State University and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48109-0922, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gadgeel
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Severson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kalemkerian
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*