title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease. A meta-analysis of patient-level data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of ACE inhibitors for treatment of nondiabetic renal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 randomized, controlled trials comparing the efficacy of antihypertensive regimens including ACE inhibitors to the efficacy of regimens without ACE inhibitors in predominantly nondiabetic renal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE database for English-language studies evaluating the effects of ACE inhibitors on renal disease in humans between May 1977 (when ACE inhibitors were approved for trials in humans) and September 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 1860 nondiabetic patients were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean duration of follow-up was 2.2 years. Patients in the ACE inhibitor group had a greater mean decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (4.5 mm Hg [95% CI, 3.0 to 6.1 mm Hg]) and 2.3 mm Hg [CI, 1.4 to 3.2 mm Hg], respectively) and urinary protein excretion (0.46 g/d [CI, 0.33 to 0.59 g/d]). After adjustment for patient and study characteristics at baseline and changes in systolic blood pressure and urinary protein excretion during follow-up, relative risks in the ACE inhibitor group were 0.69 (CI, 0.51 to 0.94) for end-stage renal disease and 0.70 (CI, 0.55 to 0.88) for the combined outcome of doubling of the baseline serum creatinine concentration or end-stage renal disease. Patients with greater urinary protein excretion at baseline benefited more from ACE inhibitor therapy (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively), but the data were inconclusive as to whether the benefit extended to patients with baseline urinary protein excretion less than 0.5 g/d.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antihypertensive regimens that include ACE inhibitors are more effective than regimens without ACE inhibitors in slowing the progression of nondiabetic renal disease. The beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors is mediated by factors in addition to decreasing blood pressure and urinary protein excretion and is greater in patients with proteinuria. Angiotensin-converting inhibitors are indicated for treatment of nondiabetic patients with chronic renal disease and proteinuria and, possibly, those without proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jafar
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giatras
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maschio
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamper
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Himmelmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bannister
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Landais
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahinfar
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Zeeuw
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Levey
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control; D016015:Logistic Models; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003404:Creatinine