title: Helicobacter pylori-associated iron-deficiency anemia in adolescent female athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) of pubescent athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood sampling and a questionnaire survey were performed on 440 regular high school students and 220 athletes of a physical education high school. Hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, and immunoglobulin G antibody to H. pylori were measured to compare the prevalence of IDA and H. pylori infection in the groups. Nutritional analysis and a questionnaire survey for socioeconomic status were undertaken to compare and control for other risk factors that might influence IDA and H. pylori infection in the groups. In those with IDA coexistent with H. pylori infection, we also determined whether IDA can be managed by H pylori eradication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence rates of IDA, H pylori infection, and H. pylori -associated IDA in female athletes were higher than in the control group. The relative risk of IDA was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.5 to 5.6) for those with H. pylori infection. Athletes who exhibited H. pylori -associated IDA showed significant increases in hemoglobin, iron, and ferritin levels after H. pylori eradication. The subjects in the control group who were treated orally with iron alone showed no significant changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent female athletes may have development of H. pylori -associated IDA, which can be managed by H. pylori eradication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires