title: The Berkeley Contact Lens Extended Wear Study. Part II : Clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the principal clinical outcomes associated with 12 months use of rigid gas-permeable (RGP) extended wear contact lenses and address two primary study questions: (1) does extended wear (EW) of high oxygen transmissibility (Dk/t) RGP lenses reduce the incidence of ocular complications, and (2) does the wearing of high-Dk/t lenses reduce the rate of failure to maintain 6-night RGPEW over 12 months?
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, concurrently controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects who adapted to EW with high Dk (oxygen permeability) RGP lenses were randomized to either high Dk or medium-Dk RGP lenses for 12 months of 6-night EW.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contact lens-associated keratopathies (CLAK), changes in refractive error and corneal curvature, and survival in EW.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred one subjects were randomized to medium or high-Dk lenses for 12 months of EW. Sixty-two percent of the subjects in each group completed 12 months of EW; however, the probability of failure was significantly greater for the medium-Dk group. Although the risk of complications was similar for the two groups, the number of CLAK events that led to termination were 16 versus 5 for the medium-Dk and high-Dk groups, respectively. This suggests that the type of adverse response or the inability to reverse an adverse event was different for the group being exposed to the lower oxygen dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of oxygen available to the cornea has a significant impact on maintaining successful RGP extended contact lens wear, but not on the initial onset of CLAK. The number of clinical events leading to termination was substantially higher for the medium Dk group, which suggests that corneal hypoxia is an important factor in the development of CLAK. Although overnight contact lens wear should be recommended with caution and carefully monitored for early detection of ocular complications, it appears that high-Dk RGP lenses can be a safe and effective treatment for correction of refractive error for most individuals who can adapt to EW.
authors.affiliation: Morton D. Sarver Laboratory for Cornea and Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2020, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Polse
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Fusaro
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003262:Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen