title: Robotically assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy and adnexal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this pilot study, we tested the feasibility and safety of using a robotic device to perform complex gynecologic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten female pigs underwent adnexal surgery (n = 5) or hysterectomy (n = 5) using the "Zeus" robotic device. The surgeon operates while sitting at the console away from the surgical table on which the robotic arms are fixed. Both procedures were performed solely with the robotic arms. After 1 week of observation the animals were sacrificed and the surgical site was explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was completed successfully in all cases. No animal required conversion to laparotomy or nonrobotic laparoscopic assistance. The mean operative time (+/- SD) was 170 +/- 44 min for adnexal surgery and 200 +/- 57 min for hysterectomy. No complications occurred. No ureteral injuries were found on necropsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although designed for laparoscopic microsuturing, this robotic technology has the potential to be used for more complex gynecologic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Surgery Center and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Margossian
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falcone
mesh_terms: D000290:Adnexa Uteri / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012371:Robotics; D013552:Swine