title: A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac plus misoprostol versus acetaminophen in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac + misoprostol versus acetaminophen in ambulatory patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in 12 ambulatory care settings were eligible if they were age >40 years and if they had Kellgren/Lawrence radiographic grade 2-4 osteoarthritis of the knee or hip and a score of > or =30 mm on a 100-mm visual analog pain scale. Patients were randomized to one of two groups, 75 mg diclofenac + 200 microg misoprostol twice daily or 1,000 mg acetaminophen 4 times daily (each for 6 weeks), and were then crossed over to the other treatment for 6 weeks. A placebo was included in each treatment regimen to enable double blinding. The primary outcome measures were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the visual analog pain scale of the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire. Safety was assessed using a standard form to review adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 227 patients, of whom 218 provided data for the first treatment period and 181 provided data for both treatment periods. Significantly higher levels of improvement in the primary outcomes were seen for diclofenac + misoprostol than for acetaminophen (P < 0.001). Adverse events were more common when patients took diclofenac + misoprostol (P = 0.046). Diclofenac + misoprostol was rated as "better" or "much better" by 57% of the 174 patients who provided such ratings for both treatment periods, while acetaminophen was rated as "better" or "much better" by 20% of these patients, and 22% reported no difference (P < 0.001). Differences favoring diclofenac + misoprostol over acetaminophen were greater in patients with more severe osteoarthritis according to baseline pain scores, radiographs, or number of involved joints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee had significantly greater improvements in pain scores over 6 weeks with diclofenac + misoprostol than with acetaminophen, although patients with mild osteoarthritis had similar improvements with both drugs. Acetaminophen was associated with fewer adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-4500, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sokka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lefkowith
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luta
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lautzenheiser
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Markenson
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morant
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fort
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D016595:Misoprostol; D004008:Diclofenac; D000082:Acetaminophen