title: [The Freehand System: an implantable neuroprosthesis for functional electrostimulation of the upper extremity].
abstract: We report on the first experience with the Freehand system in German-speaking countries, an implantable neuroprosthesis developed for the functional electrical stimulation of the upper extremity. Indications for its use are neurological deficits of the cervical spinal cord with active mobility of the shoulder and elbow flexion in tetraplegics, ideally in C5/6 tetraplegics. A further precondition for the implantation of this system is an intact reflex arc of the muscles that are to be stimulated, i.e. of the forearm and hand. Central defects such as hemiparesis, cerebral palsies or athetoid disorders or peripheral nerve palsies (e.g. brachial plexus lesions) are no good indications for the implantation of the Freehand system. We report on patient selection criteria, preoperative percutaneous electrical stimulation, the surgical procedure itself with optional active tendon transpositions, the intensive postoperative rehabilitation program until the patient is able to use the system independently and the life-long after-care.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Orthopädie II-Rehabilitationsmedizin, Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Heidelberg.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gerner
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology