title: Metabolizable energy values and amino acid availability of vetch (Vicia sativa) and ervil (Vicia ervilia) seeds soaked in water and acetic acid.
abstract: In two experiments we evaluated the effect of water and acetic acid soaking on ME, apparent amino acid (AA) availability, and true AA availability of vetch (V) and ervil (E) seeds. In Experiment 1, the feedstuffs were untreated (U) V or coarsely ground V soaked in water (1:10, wt/vol) at 40 C for 72 h with a water change every 12 h (40WV), vetch soaked in 1% acetic acid for 24 h at 40 C (40AAV) or at room temperature (RTAAV), or dehulled soybean meal (SBM). In Experiment 2, E seeds were subjected to the same soaking methods, and the ingredients were UE, 40WE, 40AAE, RTAAE, and SBM. Each feedstuff was precision-fed to five individually caged mature ISA Brown roosters. A group of five roosters was used to correct for metabolic and endogenous energy and amino acid losses. The AME, AMEn, TME, and TMEn of UV and UE (in parentheses) were 2,558 (2,663), 2,840 (3,098), 3,026 (3,154), and 2,934 (3,176) kcal/kg DM, respectively, and were, in general, higher than those of SBM. The TMEn of V increased as a result of soaking in water or acetic acid, whereas that of E decreased in 40WE and RTAAE by 492 and 920 kcal/kg DM, respectively (P < 0.05). The apparent availability of most essential amino acids in UV and UE was lower (P < 0.05) than that of SBM. Acetic acid soaking of V, irrespective of temperature, and E at 40 C resulted in apparent AA availability similar to that of SBM except for Met. The true AA availability of V treated or not, and that of E soaked at 40 C, were similar to that of SBM. Results indicated that UV and UE are energy rich ingredients but detrimental to amino acid availability. Soaking the seeds in acetic acid at room temperature and at 40 C improved the nutritional value of V and E, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Lebanon. mf02@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Farran
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Barbour
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Uwayjan
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ashkarian
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae; D005511:Food Handling; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012639:Seeds; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014867:Water; D019342:Acetic Acid