title: Cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in adenosine deaminase deficient severe combined immunodeficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the cognitive, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental function in patients with adenosine deaminase deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) and to compare the findings with those of a case control group of patients without ADA-SCID.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-matched pairs of patients with ADA-SCID (n = 11) and patients without ADA-SCID who had undergone bone marrow transplantation were recruited. Subjects were assessed by age-appropriate standard tests of intelligence, behavior, and neurodevelopment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive ability was not significantly different between the 2 groups, but patients with ADA-SCID showed a significant inverse correlation between deoxyadenosinetrisphosphate levels at diagnosis and IQ (P =.048). Behavioral assessment showed that patients with ADA-SCID functioned in the pathologic range on all domains, whereas mean scores for the control group were within normal limits. Behavioral impairment in patients with ADA-SCID also showed a significant positive correlation with age (P =.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive function in ADA deficiency is adversely affected by the severity of metabolic derangement at the time of diagnosis. In addition, patients with ADA-SCID have significant behavioral abnormalities after transplantation. These defects are not due to the transplant procedure but reflect the systemic nature of ADA deficiency. These findings have important implications for future medical and nonmedical management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Sciences and Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lwin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fairbanks
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Gaspar
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000172:deficiency*; D000293:Adolescent; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D016511:Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase