title: Ubiquitous elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in the vasculature of patients with abdominal aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) exhibit arterial dilation and altered matrix composition throughout the vasculature. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is the dominant elastase in small AAAs, and overexpression of MMP-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may be a primary etiological event in aneurysm genesis. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP-2 production in vascular tissue remote from the abdominal aorta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) was harvested from patients undergoing aneurysm repair (n=21) or colectomy for diverticular disease (n=13, control). Matrix composition of the vessels was determined by stereological techniques. MMPs were extracted from tissue homogenates and quantified by gelatin zymography and ELISA. MMP-2, membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type 2 (TIMP-2) expression were determined by Northern analysis. SMCs were isolated from IMV, and the production and expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the SMC lines were quantified. Tissue homogenates and isolated inferior mesenteric SMCs from patients with aneurysms demonstrated significantly elevated MMP-2 levels, with no difference in TIMP-2 or MT1-MMP. These differences were a result of increased MMP-2 expression. Histological examination revealed fragmentation of elastin fibers within venous tissue obtained from patients with AAA and a significant depletion of the elastin within the media. In situ zymography localized elastolysis to medial SMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with AAA have elevated MMP-2 levels in the vasculature remote from the aorta. This finding is due to increased MMP-2 expression from SMCs, a characteristic maintained in tissue culture. These data support both the systemic nature of aneurysmal disease and a primary role of MMP-2 in aneurysm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hemingway
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004549:Elastin / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D004549:Elastin; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2