title: Synthetic soft tissue substitutes: 2001.
abstract: The human face ages in a predictable fashion. Well-described changes in the lip and perioral region include progressive deepening of the nasolabial folds and atrophy of the lips. Conventional face lifting and endoscopic and resurfacing techniques do not adequately address many of these changes. As such, soft tissue filler materials are often used. This article outlines the history of soft tissue augmentation and discusses the risks and benefits of current synthetic materials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Denton
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D012828:Silicones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015595:Skin Aging
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D003094:Collagen