title: An in vivo/in vitro comparison with a leuprolide osmotic implant for the treatment of prostate cancer.
abstract: An osmotically driven implantable system was designed and characterized for the delivery of leuprolide over a year-long duration. Leuprolide has been used in the treatment of prostate cancer since the 1980s. The DUROS implant consists of a titanium alloy cylinder, measures 4 mm in diameter by 45 mm in length and holds approximately 150 microl of formulation. Stability studies indicated that leuprolide was stable, as a solution formulation in DMSO, for several years at 37 degrees C. In vitro release rate testing, at weekly intervals, showed zero-order delivery for 1 year. DUROS implants demonstrated release rates that were reproducible and similar to one another after storage at 25 degrees C for 18 months prior to testing. In vivo studies, with implants placed subcutaneously, revealed delivery rates comparable to those observed under in vitro conditions. Leuprolide stability was also comparable between in vivo and in vitro conditions. Steady leuprolide serum levels produced by the implant resulted in the desired pharmacodynamic efficacy endpoint of testosterone suppression, both in canines and in humans. The good agreement between in vivo/in vitro delivery rates was as expected for a delivery system based on the principles of osmosis.
authors.affiliation: ALZA Corporation, 1900 Charleston Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. jeremy.wright@alza.com
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tao Leonard
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jao
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Skowronski
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004058:Diffusion; D004343:Drug Implants; D004355:Drug Stability; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009995:Osmosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004343:Drug Implants; D013739:Testosterone; D014025:Titanium; D016729:Leuprolide