title: Cutaneous injury induces the release of cathelicidin anti-microbial peptides active against group A Streptococcus.
abstract: Cathelicidins are a family of peptides thought to provide an innate defensive barrier against a variety of potential microbial pathogens. The human and mouse cathelicidins (LL-37 and CRAMP, respectively) are expressed at select epithelial interfaces where they have been proposed to kill a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. To determine if these peptides play a part in the protection of skin against wound infections, the anti-microbial activity of LL-37 and CRAMP was determined against the common wound pathogen group A Streptococcus, and their expression was examined after cutaneous injury. We observed a large increase in the expression of cathelicidins in human and murine skin after sterile incision, or in mouse following infection by group A Streptococcus. The appearance of cathelicidins in skin was due to both synthesis within epidermal keratinocytes and deposition from granulocyctes that migrate to the site of injury. Synthesis and deposition in the wound was accompanied by processing from the inactive prostorage form to the mature C-terminal peptide. Analysis of anti-microbial activity of this C-terminal peptide against group A Streptococcus revealed that both LL-37 and CRAMP potently inhibited bacterial growth. Action against group A Streptococcus occurred in conditions that typically abolish the activity of anti-microbial peptides against other organisms. Thus, cathelicidins are well suited to provide defense against infections due to group A Streptococcus, and represent an important element of cutaneous innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare Center, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dorschner
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Pestonjamasp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamakuwala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rudisill
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nizet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Agerberth
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gudmundsson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054804:Cathelicidins; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D054804:Cathelicidins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger