title: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children: an individualized protocol for workload increase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of individualized workload increments, as used in adults, for exercise testing in children; and to investigate whether this individualized protocol makes it possible to satisfy the usual criteria for maximal exercise (clinical exhaustion, predicted maximum heart rate [HRmax], oxygen uptake [O(2)] plateau, maximal respiratory exchange ratio > 1.1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric exercise testing laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two children aged 5 to 17 years with various cardiac and respiratory diseases (33 with asthma, 11 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 6 with cystic fibrosis, 10 with congenital heart disease, and 32 miscellaneous).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individualized maximal incremental exercise testing. The increase in workload was adapted to the individual and was calculated from predicted maximal oxygen uptake (O(2)max) for each child. The test lasted 10 to 12 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exercise test was well tolerated by all children and was maximal in all but seven patients. A total of 65.7% of children reached the predicted O(2)max and 68.4% satisfied the criteria for a O(2) plateau at peak exercise. The predicted HRmax was achieved in all but two children. The mean maximal respiratory exchange ratio was 1.06.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The individualized protocol for increasing workload, based on O(2) rather than power, was well tolerated by children. In our view, the best two criteria for assessing the maximality of the tests were clinical exhaustion and HRmax, especially if the O(2) plateau was not reached. These results suggest that individualized protocols could be used instead of standardized tests for exercise testing in children.
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie et d'allergologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Blic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waernessyckle
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Benoist
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheinmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000075202:Contraindications; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis