title: [A case of primary zopiclone dependence].
abstract: METHODS
  A 59-year-old female patient reported an increasing intake of up to 20 pills of zopiclone per day (150 mg) during the past 3 years. The dose increase was associated with euphoria and subjectively improved fitness. The patient suffered from anxiety and inner restlessness when trying to discontinue the medication, as well as from fatigue and forgetfulness when on medication. The medical history was free of psychiatric disorders and abuse of psychoactive substances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apart from mild attention and concentration deficits with a mildly depressed mood the psychiatric findings were normal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with the preliminary diagnosis of a primary non-benzodiazepine dependence (zopiclone), after withdrawal of zopiclone the patient suffered from inner restlessness and psychomotor agitation, vague abdominal pain, and hypertension. The symptoms subsided after administration and subsequent gradual discontinuation of diazepam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zopiclone dependence has repeatedly been reported in patients with pre-existing substance-related addictions, and in patients with other psychiatric disorders. Primary zopiclone dependence may be regarded as rare. Despite the low dependence potential of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, the indication of prescription should be thoroughly considered.
authors.affiliation: Westfälisches Zentrum für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kahlert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brüne
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001288:Attention; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D003863:Depression; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; C515050:zopiclone; D003975:Diazepam