title: A critical role for interleukin 18 in primary and memory effector responses to Listeria monocytogenes that extends beyond its effects on Interferon gamma production.
abstract: The stimulation of interferon (IFN)-gamma by interleukin (IL)-12 has been shown to provide protection from intracellular pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is also a major player in the resolution of Listeria infections and is suggested to have more global effects than can be explained by the induction of IFN-gamma alone. Since IL-18 synergizes with IL-12 to induce IFN-gamma production by natural killer and T helper (Th)1 cells, we determined its role in responses to Listeria. IL-18 appeared to be even more potent than either IL-12 or IFN-gamma for protection against this pathogen and IL-18 enhanced bacterial clearance in the complete absence of IFN-gamma. Indeed IL-18 was comparable to TNF in its ability to resolve the infection and showed a lowered protective capacity in the absence of TNF. Moreover, IL-18 induced macrophages to secrete both TNF and nitric oxide after a Listeria infection. IL-18 was also essential for optimal IFN-gamma production by antigen-specific T cells. Therefore, IL-18 operates via its effects on both the innate immune response, including macrophages, as well as on Th1 cells, to protect against Listeria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. margaret.neighbors@dnax.org
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neighbors
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Barrat
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ruuls
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Churakova
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Debets
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bazan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Garra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000276:immunology; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C508573:Il18r1 protein, mouse; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma