title: Mediastinal lymph node sampling following positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose imaging in lung cancer staging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the predictive accuracy as well as the rates of false-positive and false-negative results of CT and positron emission tomography (PET)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging in detecting the metastatic intrathoracic lymph nodes in patients with suspected or proven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our other objective was to determine the need for routine invasive sampling procedure in confirming PET/CT staging results.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of CT and PET-FDG scanning in 77 patients with suspected or proven NSCLC were correlated with the histologic findings of hilar/mediastinal lymph node sampling using mediastinoscopy, open biopsy, thoracotomy, or thoracotomy with resection. Patients were then classified into resectable and unresectable groups based initially on PET results and compared to histologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT and PET for detecting metastatic lymphadenopathy were 68%, 61%, 63%, and 87%, 91%, and 82%, respectively. A change of management with routine sampling following PET was seen in five of six patients (83%) with false-positive findings (13%) but in none of four patients (9%) with false-negative findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The false-positive findings of PET-FDG imaging affected selection of treatment in 83% of patients. However, false-negative results did not change management in any patient. This could potentially prevent unnecessary invasive thoracotomy, mediastinoscopy, or other sampling procedures in patients with negative PET results.
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University PET Center and Department of Surgery, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. ngupta@wvu.edu
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Graeber
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18