title: Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor decreases apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The production of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is upregulated during organ injury and has a cytoprotective effect during hypoxic stress in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injuries in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine if HB-EGF-related cytoprotection is manifested through alterations in apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (DLD-1 and Caco-2) were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1 (20 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (40 ng/mL), and interferon (IFN)-gamma (10 ng/mL) with or without HB-EGF (1, 10 or 100 ng/mL) and analyzed for rates of apoptosis utilizing a Cell Death Detection ELISA and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELISA results showed a 3-fold increase in the level of apoptosis during stimulation with cytokines compared with nonstimulated cells (P <.05). Relative levels of cytokine induced apoptosis were reduced after 12 hours of HB-EGF exposure (P <.05) in a dose-dependent fashion. Results of flow cytometric analysis also showed a reduction in apoptosis at 6 hours when cell monolayers were stimulated with cytokines in conjunction with HB-EGF compared with cytokines alone (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HB-EGF downregulated apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. The results of this study suggest that alterations in apoptosis may represent a possible mechanism by which this growth factor exerts its cytoprotective effect at the mucosal level during the proinflammatory state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Michalsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Besner
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C587883:HBEGF protein, human; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma