title: Human papillomavirus typing in HIV-positive women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of cervical carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia worldwide. Certain HPV types have a strong association with and probably a causative role in the pathogenesis of premalignant cervical lesions. Epidemiologic studies in women infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have shown an increased incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), which were predominantly high-grade. Six to 30 per cent of women diagnosed with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear harbor SIL in normal screening populations. This study was undertaken to determine the presence of low-and high-risk HPV types in women infected by HIV and to correlate the results to those of the Pap smear.
  
  
  METHODS
  HPV DNA typing (low- and high-risk) by Digene (Digene Corporation, Gathesburg, MD) hybrid capture methodology was performed on cervical swabs from 209 HIV-positive women. The results of HPV typing were correlated with those of the Pap smear in a retrospective analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and one women (48%) tested positive for HPV subtypes by DNA typing by the hybrid capture method. Of these, 64 patients (63%) had Pap smears which were read as being normal, having benign cellular changes, or having ASCUS (favor reactive process). Of these, 19 patients tested positive for both high-risk and low-risk subtypes, 32 patients tested positive only for high-risk subtypes, and 13 patients tested positive only for low-risk subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV subtyping identifies a significant group of HIV-positive women who are at risk for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, although they may not show significant abnormalities on their Pap smears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skurnick
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kloser
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral