title: Recombinant Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin proteins are required to interact to inhibit human cell cycle progression and to stimulate human leukocyte cytokine synthesis.
abstract: It has recently been discovered that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, an oral bacterium causing periodontitis, produces cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), a cell cycle-modulating toxin that has three protein subunits: CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC. In this study, we have cloned and expressed each toxin gene from A. actinomycetemcomitans in Escherichia coli and purified the recombinant Cdt proteins to homogeneity. Individual Cdt proteins failed to induce cell cycle arrest of the human epithelial cell line HEp-2. The only combinations of toxin proteins causing cell cycle arrest were the presence of all three Cdt proteins and the combination of CdtB and CdtC. A similar experimental protocol was used to determine if recombinant Cdt proteins were able to induce human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to produce cytokines. The individual Cdt proteins were able to induce the synthesis by PBMCs of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-8 but not of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-12, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, with CdtC being the most potent and CdtB being the least potent cytokine inducer. There was evidence of synergism between these Cdt proteins in the stimulation of cytokine production, most markedly with gamma interferon, which required the minimum interaction of CdtB and -C to stimulate production.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Microbiology Research Group, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akifusa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewthwaite
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C067044:cytolethal distending toxin