title: A randomized controlled trial of fentanyl for abortion pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to find out whether intravenous fentanyl was effective in reducing the pain of first-trimester abortion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized controlled trial included 825 women attending a nonhospital abortion facility. Some women chose standard care. Women who did not choose standard care were randomly assigned to receive either 50 to 100 microg of fentanyl, a placebo, or no intervention. With SAS software and a mixed effects analysis of variance model with covariates, we compared mean pain scores of the fentanyl and placebo groups to detect a difference of at least 1 point on an 11-point pain scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pain score of the fentanyl group was 1.0 point less than that of the placebo group (95% confidence interval, 3.7-4.3) and 0.9 point less than that of the observational group (95% confidence interval, 4.7-5.1). This pain reduction was statistically significant, but the women who were studied wanted a 2-point reduction from fentanyl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl, when compared with the placebo, reduced abortion pain by 1.0 point on an 11-point scale. This reduction was of questionable clinical significance and was less than desired by the women included in the study.
authors.affiliation: Everywoman's Health Centre, 2005 E 44th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5P 1N1.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rawling
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Wiebe
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010919:Placebos; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D010919:Placebos; D005283:Fentanyl