Tubal sterilization in the United States, 1994-1996.
BACKGROUND
Although the number and rate of tubal sterilizations, the settings in which they are performed and the characteristics of women obtaining sterilization procedures provide important information on contraceptive practice and trends in the United States, such data have not been collected and tabulated for manyyears.


METHODS
Information on tubal sterilizations from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery was analyzed to estimate the number and characteristics of women having a tubal sterilization procedure in the United States during the period 1994-1996 and the resulting rates of tubal sterilization. These results were compared with those of previous studies to examine trends in clinical setting, in the timing of the procedure and in patient characteristics.


RESULTS
In 1994-1996, more than two million tubal sterilizations were performed, for an average annual rate of 1 1.5 per 1,000 women; half were performed postpartum and half were interval procedures (i. e., were unrelated by timing to a pregnancy). All postpartum procedures were performed during inpatient hospital stays, while 96% of interval procedures were outpatient procedures. Postpartum sterilization rates were higher than interval sterilization rates among women 20-29 years of age; interval sterilization procedures were more common than postpartum procedures at ages 35-49. Sterilization rates were highest in the South. For postpartum procedures, private insurance was the expectedprimary source of payment for 48% and Medicaid was expected to pay for 41 %; for interval sterilization procedures, private insurance was the expected primary source of payment for 68% and Medicaid for 24%.


CONCLUSIONS
Outpatient tubal sterilizations andprocedures using laparoscopy have increased substantially since the last comprehensive analysis of tubal sterilization in 1987, an indication of the effect of technical advances on the provision of this service. Continued surveillance of both inpatient and outpatient procedures is necessary to monitor the role of tubal sterilization in contraceptive practice.
MacKay
A P
AP
Office of Analysis, Epidemiology, and Health Promotion, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
Kieke
B A
BA
Koonin
L M
LM
Beattie
K
K
D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D049590:Postpartum Period; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology