title: Human germline gene therapy reconsidered.
abstract: This paper reevaluates the notion of human germline gene therapy (HGLGT) in light of developments in biomedicine, biotechnology, and ethical and policy analysis. The essay makes the following key points. First, because the distinction among "therapy," "prevention," and "enhancement" is not clear in human genetics, "gene therapy" is an inadequate descriptor of the process and goals of germline genetic alterations. The alternate use of the phrase "human germline genome modification" (HGLGM) could avoid a misleading label. Second, procedures that could be construed as genetic "enhancement" may not be as morally problematic as some have supposed, once one understands that the boundaries between therapy, prevention, and enhancement are not obvious in genetic medicine. Third, HGLGM might be the medically and morally most appropriate way of avoiding the birth of a child with a genetic disease in only a small range of cases. Fourth, there are still many ethical and scientific problems relating to the safety and efficacy of HGLGM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Humanities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4354, USA. resnikd@mail.ecu.edu
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Resnik
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D001675:Bioethics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D024861:Genetic Enhancement; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins