title: Association of Mycoplasma genitalium persistence in the urethra with recurrence of nongonococcal urethritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients with recurrent symptomatic nongonococcal urethritis receive negative test results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, and the cause of such recurrence usually is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of Mycoplasma genitalium with recurrent nongonococcal urethritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 72 men with nongonococcal urethritis were treated with levofloxacin. Before and after treatment, symptoms and signs were assessed and first-pass urine was examined for C trachomatis, M genitalium, U urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis by polymerase chain reaction-based assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 6 of 45 men who had no symptoms and no evidence of inflammation after treatment, nongonococcal urethritis recurred. Of these 6 men, 5 had positive test results for M genitalium before levofloxacin treatment, which remained positive afterward. After the second treatment for recurrent nongonococcal urethritis, one man was still had a positive test result for the mycoplasma and experienced a subsequent recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the persistence of M genitalium in the urethra may be associated with recurrence of nongonococcal urethritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012008:Recurrence; D014526:Urethritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin