title: Neurocognitive correlates of helplessness, hopelessness, and well-being in schizophrenia.
abstract: Persons with schizophrenia are widely recognized to experience potent feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and a fragile sense of well-being. Although these subjective experiences have been linked to positive symptoms, little is known about their relationship to neurocognition. Accordingly, this study examined the relationship of self-reports of hope, self-efficacy, and well-being to measures of neurocognition, symptoms, and coping among 49 persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Results suggest that poorer executive function, verbal memory, and a greater reliance on escape avoidance as a coping mechanism predicted significantly higher levels of hope and well being with multiple regressions accounting for 34% and 20% of the variance (p < .0001), respectively. Self-efficacy predicted lower levels of positive symptoms and greater preference for escape avoidance as a coping mechanism with a multiple repression accounting for 9% of the variance (p < .05). Results may suggest that higher levels of neurocognitive impairment and an avoidant coping style may shield some with schizophrenia from painful subjective experiences. Theoretical and practical implications for rehabilitation are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lysaker
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011336:Probability; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires