title: Targeting platelet aggregation: CD39 gene transfer augments nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity in injured rabbit arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD39, the major endothelial nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), plays an important role in local thromboregulation. We hypothesized that balloon injury (BI) leads to an acute reduction in arterial NTPDase activity that could be restored by a targeted gene delivery strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant adenoviral vectors containing human CD39 (Ad-CD39) or beta-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ) were used. Endothelial (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were infected in vitro and NTPDase activity measured. New Zealand white rabbits (N = 28) underwent bilateral iliofemoral artery balloon injury, followed by incubation with Ad-CD39, Ad-LacZ, or vehicle. Explanted vessels were analyzed for NTPDase activity and localization of CD39 expression by immunohistochemistry. Deposition of fluorescent-labeled platelets was studied 3 days after injury and vector treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, Ad-CD39 infection resulted in a greater than 40-fold increase in adenosine diphosphatase activity in ECs and a 3-fold increase in SMCs. In vivo, CD39 transgene expression localized to the luminal aspect of Ad-CD39--treated vessels. BI resulted in an acute reduction in vessel wall NTPDase activity (P <.05). Ad-CD39 augmented NTPDase activity when compared with vehicle or Ad-LacZ (P <.05). Platelet deposition on the injured arterial surface was modest and not different between Ad-CD39-- and Ad-LacZ--treated vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BI decreases native NTPDase activity, which can be augmented by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of CD39. Further studies are required to determine whether targeted delivery of CD39 could convey thromboprotective properties to an injured vessel.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Institute for Human Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gangadharan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Rhynhart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sévigny
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Conte
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D000256:Adenoviridae; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D001081:Apyrase; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000166:cytology; D019076:Transgenes / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D001081:Apyrase; C067869:CD39 antigen