title: Videourodynamic studies in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a comparison of community based versus referral urological practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the clinical and urodynamic characteristics of men referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms in community based versus referral urological practices and examined the various pathophysiological mechanisms of these symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed a multicenter urodynamics database of 963 consecutive men referred for the evaluation of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms at 2 community based and 1 urological referral center. Of the 963 patients in the database 422 (44%) were excluded from study due to neurological disorder in 41%, previous urinary or pelvic surgery in 27% and the use of medications known to affect voiding in 24%. A total of 541 patients with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of 64.4 +/- 13.8 years met study inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. We compared the clinical and urodynamic characteristics of patients at the community and referral centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower urinary tract symptoms were equally common in men presenting to community and referral centers. The most common symptom was difficult voiding, followed by frequency, urgency and nocturia in 58%, 54%, 43% and 40% of the study population, respectively. Urodynamic diagnoses were also similar in the 2 groups. Although bladder outlet obstruction was diagnosed in 69% of patients, it was the only urodynamic finding in a third of the patients with obstruction. The main concomitant urodynamic diagnoses were detrusor overactivity, bladder hyposensitivity, impaired detrusor contractility, low bladder compliance and bladder hypersensitivity in 47%, 10%, 10%, 9% and 3% of obstructed cases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in men is multifactorial, and similar at community practice and tertiary referral centers. The disparity in urodynamic findings and subjective symptoms emphasizes the need for a thorough and early clinical and urodynamic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College, Cornell University and Uro-center of New York, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groutz
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blaivas
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chaikin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003151:Community Health Centers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014741:Video Recording