title: Diversity of SHV and TEM beta-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae: gene evolution in Northern Taiwan and two novel beta-lactamases, SHV-25 and SHV-26.
abstract: A total of 113 blood culture isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from 10 hospitals in northern Taiwan were studied for SHV and TEM beta-lactamase production. bla(SHV) was amplified from all isolates by PCR. TEM-type resistance, was found in 32 of the isolates and was of the TEM-1 type in all isolates. SHV-1, -2, -5, -11, and -12 and two novel enzymes were identified. These novel enzymes were designated SHV-25 and SHV-26 and had pIs of 7.5 and 7.6, respectively. Amino acid differences in comparison to the amino acid sequence of bla(SHV-1) were found at positions T18A (ThrACC-->AlaGCC), L35Q (LeuCTA-->GluCAA), and M129V (MetATG-->ValGTG) for SHV-25 and at position A187T (AlaGCC-->ThrACC) for SHV-26. The results of substrate profiles and MIC determinations showed that the novel enzymes did not hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins, rendering the isolates susceptible to these agents. Inhibition profiles revealed that the 50% inhibitory concentration for SHV-26 was higher than those for SHV-1 and SHV-25, resulting in an intermediate resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Forty-nine ribotypes were identified, suggesting that major clonal spread had not occurred in any of the hospitals. According to the amino acid sequence, SHV beta-lactamases in Taiwan may basically be derived through stepwise mutation from SHV-1 or SHV-11 and further subdivided by four routes. The stepwise mutations initiated from SHV-1 or SHV-11 to SHV-2, SHV-5, and SHV-12 comprise the evolutionary change responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in Taiwan. The stepwise mutations that lead to a non-ESBL (SHV-25) and the beta-lactamase (SHV-26) with reduced susceptibility to clavulanic acid are possibly derived from SHV-11 and SHV-1, respectively. The results suggest a stepwise evolution of SHV beta-lactamases in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. fychang@ndmctsgh.edu.tw
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013624:Taiwan; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C435758:beta-lactamase SHV-25; C435759:beta-lactamase SHV-26; D001618:beta-Lactamases