title: The potential for reduction of radiation doses to patients undergoing some common X ray examinations in Tanzania.
abstract: The potential for patient dose reduction in diagnostic radiology was investigated in five major Tanzanian hospitals. The aim of this study was to follow up previously reported suggestions for improved practices to achieve dose reductions. The suggestions were implemented and entrance surface dose measurement repeated by using well-calibrated LiF thermoluminescence dosemeters. The results show that dose reductions in chest PA X ray examinations ranged from 15% to 50%. For abdomen AP and pelvis AP X ray examinations, the dose reductions ranged from 24% to 73% and from 25% to 72%, respectively. The respective dose reductions for lumbar spine AP and LAT projections ranged from 4% to 58% and from 16% to 77%. Interestingly, the majority of radiographs obtained after the implementation of dose reduction measures were useful for intended diagnosis according to the opinion of radiologists. It is concluded that significant dose reductions can be achieved in the country without loss of diagnostic information. Such dose reductions also predict reductions of radiation risk to patients.
authors.affiliation: National Radiation Commission, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Muhogora
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nyanda
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D011874:Radiometry; D013636:Tanzania; D014965:X-Rays