title: Use of lepirudin in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and renal failure requiring hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report two cases of successful lepirudin use in two patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and renal failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients with renal failure requiring hemodialysis developed HIT syndrome during intravenous heparin therapy. Anticoagulation was necessary to prevent recurrent, acute venous thrombosis in one patient and to prevent arterial thrombosis associated with the use of an intraaortic balloon pump in the second. Intravenous lepirudin was initiated at doses of 0.01 mg/kg/h and 0.005 mg/kg/h, respectively, and titrated based on the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Steady-state doses were 0.015 mg/kg/h to maintain aPTT values of approximately 60 seconds in one patient, and 0.005-0.008 mg/kg/h to achieve an aPTT of approximately 45 seconds in the other patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lepirudin is one of few anticoagulants that can be safely used in patients with HIT. Because it is eliminated through the kidneys, great care must be taken when administering lepirudin to patients with renal failure; in fact, its use is currently not recommended in patients requiring hemodialysis. Lepirudin effectively prevented acute thrombosis in both of our patients with documented HIT, with no bleeding complications. We describe how we selected the initial doses and report results of aPTT monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with renal failure who develop HIT, lepirudin is one available alternative to heparin despite its poor renal elimination pattern and subsequently prolonged half-life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817-2201, USA. william.dager@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Dager
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006629:Hirudins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; C083544:lepirudin