title: Cardioprotective effect afforded by transient exposure to phosphodiesterase III inhibitors: the role of protein kinase A and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors (PDEIII-Is) improve the hemodynamic status of heart failure via inotropic/vasodilatory effects attributable to the increase in intracellular cAMP level. Direct cardioprotection by PDEIII-Is and its underlying mechanisms, however, have not been identified. We tested the infarct size-limiting effect of PDEIII-Is and the roles of cAMP, protein kinase (PK) A, PKC, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) families in open-chest dogs. Methods and Results-- Milrinone, olprinone (PDEIII-Is), or dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) was injected intravenously 30 minutes before 90-minute ischemia, followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Olprinone was also examined with an intracoronary cotreatment with a PKA inhibitor (H89), a PKC inhibitor (GF109203X), an extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059), or a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) throughout the preischemic period. Either PDEIII-Is or db-cAMP caused substantial hemodynamic changes, which returned to control levels in 30 minutes. Collateral flow and percent risk area were identical for all groups. Both PDEIII-Is and db-cAMP increased myocardial p38 MAPK activity during the preischemic period, which was blocked by H89, but not by GF109203X. Both PDEIII-Is and db-cAMP reduced infarct size (19.1+/-4.1%, 17.5+/-3.3%, and 20.3+/-4.8%, respectively, versus 36.1+/-6.2% control, P<0.05 each). Furthermore, the effect of olprinone was blunted by either H89 (35.5+/-6.4%) or SB203580 (32.6+/-5.9%), but not by GF109203X or PD98059. H89, GF109203X, PD98059, or SB203580 alone did not influence infarct size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with PDEIII-Is has cardioprotective effects via cAMP-, PKA-, and p38 MAPK-dependent but PKC-independent mechanisms in canine hearts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Papst
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Node
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D004285:Dogs; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020105:Milrinone / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011728:Pyridones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008301:Maleimides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011728:Pyridones; D013449:Sulfonamides; C059498:olprinone; D003994:Bucladesine; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D020105:Milrinone; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one