title: Benzene and lymphohematopoietic malignancies in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative evaluations of benzene-associated risk for cancer have relied primarily on findings from a cohort study of highly exposed U.S. rubber workers. An epidemiologic investigation in China (NCI/CAPM study) extended quantitative evaluations of cancer risk to a broader range of benzene exposures, particularly at lower levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the evidence implicating benzene in the etiology of hematopoietic disorders, clarify methodologic aspects of the NCI/CAPM study, and examine the study in the context of the broader literature on health effects associated with occupational benzene exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative relationships for cancer risk from China and the U.S. show a relatively smooth increase in risk for acute myeloid leukemia and related conditions over a broad dose range of benzene exposure (below 200 ppm-years mostly from the China study and above 200 ppm-years mostly from the U.S. study).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risks of acute myeloid leukemia and other malignant and nonmalignant hematopoietic disorders associated with benzene exposure in China are consistent with other information about benzene exposure, hematotoxicity, and cancer risk, extending evidence for hematopoietic cancer risks to levels substantially lower than had previously been established. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. hayesr@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Songnian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dosemeci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linet
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D001554:Benzene