Specificity and heterogeneity in children's responses to profound institutional privation.
BACKGROUND
The sequelae of profound early privation are varied.


OBJECTIVE
To delineate the behavioural patterns that are specifically associated with institutional privation.


METHODS
A group of 165 children adopted from Romania before the age of 42 months were compared at 4 years and 6 years with 52 non-deprived UK children adopted in infancy. Dysfunction was assessed for seven domains of functioning. The groups were compared on which, and how many, domains were impaired.


RESULTS
Attachment problems, inattention/overactivity, quasi-autistic features and cognitive impairment were associated with institutional privation, but emotional difficulties, poor peer relationships and conduct problems were not. Nevertheless, one-fifth of children who spent the longest time in institutions showed normal functioning.


CONCLUSIONS
Attachment disorder behaviours, inattention/overactivity and quasi-autistic behaviour constitute institutional privation patterns.
Rutter
M L
ML
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK. j.wickham@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Kreppner
J M
JM
O'Connor
T G
TG
D000300:Adoption / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D002674:Child, Institutionalized / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012383:Romania / Q000208:ethnology; D006113:United Kingdom