title: Autonomic abnormalities in children with functional abdominal pain: coincidence or etiology?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence that autonomic neuropathies may adversely affect gastrointestinal motility by involving the extrinsic nerves of the gut. The authors' hypothesize that functional abdominal pain in children is associated with generalized autonomic dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed detailed autonomic testing in eight patients with functional abdominal pain, including deep breathing, Valsalva, tilting (to assess parasympathetic and sympathetic adrenergic function), and axon-reflex function and thermoregulatory sweat testing to assess sympathetic cholinergic function. Patients also completed a questionnaire regarding other autonomic symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of autonomic testing were abnormal in seven patients. Parasympathetic function was normal in all, and the abnormalities were restricted to sympathetic cardiac, vasomotor, and sudomotor function. Abnormal results of axon-reflex testing in six were consistent with peripheral nervous system dysfunction. Five had decreased sweating over the abdomen, determined by thermoregulatory sweat testing. Five eight had nongastrointestinal autonomic symptoms, primarily palpitations and flushing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional abdominal pain in the current patients is associated with generalized dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. This dysfunction can be peripheral or central in different individuals but seems to be restricted to the sympathetic branch. The known function of the sympathetic nervous system as the motility "brake" suggests that pain could be a manifestation of unmodulated peristalsis, resulting in abdominal cramps.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, U.S.A.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chelimsky
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tusing
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chelimsky
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010528:Peristalsis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires