title: Sudden cardiac death with clozapine and sertraline combination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of sudden cardiac death in a patient receiving combination therapy with clozapine and sertraline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 26-year-old white man was discovered dead at his residence. His medical history included chronic paranoid schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, and akathisia. He had no prior history of cardiovascular disease. His medication regimen included clozapine 100 mg twice daily (started 4 y prior to his death), risperidone 3 mg twice daily, sertraline 200 mg once daily, atenolol 50 mg twice daily, and lorazepam 0.5 mg four times daily. Autopsy and toxicology studies revealed cardiomegaly suggestive of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, single-vessel coronary artery disease, sertraline and clozapine blood concentrations in the expected range, undetectable lorazepam and risperidone blood concentrations, obesity, and moderate fatty changes to the liver. The most likely cause of death was sudden cardiac death due to acute cardiac arrhythmia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clozapine is structurally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, which have type 1 A antiarrhythmic properties. Case reports have described electrocardiographic abnomalities, cardiomyopathy, and fatal myocarditis associated with its use. Unexplained death in patients on clozapine therapy has also been reported. Sertraline appears to have less cardiac effect; however, one report has observed clinically significant QT prolongation during sertraline therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clozapine-induced cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmia from clozapine and/or sertraline use may have contributed to this man's death.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. jhoehns@neimef.org
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hoehns
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fouts
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020280:Sertraline / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine; D020280:Sertraline