title: Expression and putative role of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes within the human eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The human eye is an important target tissue for steroid hormones, and glucocorticoids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ocular disease, including glaucoma. In peripheral tissues, corticosteroid hormone action is regulated at a prereceptor level through the activity of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) isozymes: an oxo-reductase (11 beta-HSD1) that activates cortisol (F) from cortisone (E) and a dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD2) that inactivates F to E. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression and putative role of 11 beta-HSD within the human eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies were performed on sections of human ocular tissues, surgical trabecular meshwork (TM) specimens and a ciliary nonpigmented epithelial (NPE) cell-line. Free F and E concentrations in aqueous humor were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). IOP was measured in eight male volunteers before and after oral ingestion of carbenoxolone (CBX), a known inhibitor of 11 beta-HSD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 beta-HSD1 was expressed in the basal cells of the corneal epithelium and the NPE. 11 beta-HSD2 was restricted to the corneal endothelium. RT-PCR revealed mRNA for only the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the TM specimens, whereas GR, mineralocorticoid receptor and 11 beta-HSD1 mRNAs were all present in the NPE cell line. The demonstration of free F in excess of E (F/E 14:1) in the aqueous humor suggested predominant 11 beta-HSD1 activity. Compared with baseline (14.7 +/- 1.06 mm Hg, mean +/- SD), the IOP decreased significantly on both the third and seventh days of CBX ingestion (12.48 +/- 1.11 mm Hg, P < 0.0001 and 11.78 +/- 1.50 mm Hg, P < 0.0001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the 11 beta-HSD1 isozyme may modulate steroid-regulated sodium transport across the NPE, thereby influencing IOP.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rauz
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shackleton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewison
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D000328:Adult; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000201:enzymology*; D002229:Carbenoxolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000201:enzymology*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C468387:HSD11B2 protein, human; D002229:Carbenoxolone; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone