title: Age-related differences in fat-free mass, skeletal muscle, body cell mass and fat mass between 18 and 94 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine (1) lean and fat body compartments, reflected by fat-free mass (FFM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), body cell mass (BCM), total body potassium (TBK), fat mass and percentage fat mass, and their differences between age groups in healthy, physically active subjects from 18 to 94 y of age; and (2) if the rate of decrease in any one of the parameters by age might be accelerated compared to others.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 433 healthy ambulatory Caucasians (253 men and 180 women) aged 18--94 y were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and whole body scintillation counter (TBK counter) using a large sodium iodide crystal (203 mm diameter).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ASMM change (-16.4 and -12.3% in men and women, respectively) in >75 y-old compared to 18 to 34-y-old subjects was greater than the FFM change (-11.8 and -9.7% in men and women, respectively) and this suggests that skeletal muscle mass decrease in older subjects was proportionally greater than non-skeletal muscle mass. BCM (-25.1 and -23.2% in men and women, respectively) and TBK differences were greater than the differences in FFM or ASMM suggesting altered composition of FFM in older subjects. Women had lower peak FFM, ASMM, BCM and TBK than men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decline in FFM, ASMM, BCM and TBK is accelerated in men and women after 60 y of age and FFM, ASMM, BCM and TBK are significantly lower than in younger subjects. Fat mass continued to increase until around 75 y.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Genton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hans
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karsegard
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Slosman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichard
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes; D012588:Scintillation Counting
chemical_list: D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes; D011188:Potassium