title: Freunds adjuvant alone is antiatherogenic in apoE-deficient mice and specific immunization against TNFalpha confers no additional benefit.
abstract: TNFalpha participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The effect of immunization against TNFalpha on development of advanced vascular lesions in atherosclerosis-susceptible apoE-deficient mice was investigated. At 5-7 weeks of age, animals received immunization with either Freunds adjuvant and a recombinant antigenic TNFalpha molecule (TNF106), Freunds adjuvant alone, or no immunization. All mice received a Western-type high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Aortic sinus lesion area was determined by microscopic morphometry, the total aortic arch cholesterol content was determined by gas chromatography, and antibodies against TNFalpha, malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein, or heat shock protein 60, were assessed by ELISAs. Immunization with TNF106 induced high-titered circulating antibodies against TNFalpha (n=23), and these antibodies were not detected in mice immunized with Freunds adjuvant alone (n=22), or in non-immunized control animals (n=25). After 12 weeks, the atherosclerotic lesion size was significantly reduced in immunized animals, whether they had been immunized with TNF106 or Freunds adjuvant alone, and the total lesional cholesterol content was decreased in mice immunized with TNF106. There were no correlations between circulating antibody titers and plaque size, total aortic arch cholesterol content, or plasma lipid levels, respectively. Administration of Freunds adjuvant alone can thus reduce formation of mature atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice and this response is not modified by specific immunization against TNFalpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology P, Gentofte University Hospital, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark. prh@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daugherty
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heegaard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mouritsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001835:Body Weight; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D008055:Lipids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant