title: The histopathology of 103 consecutive colonoscopy biopsies from 82 symptomatic patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: original and look-back diagnoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the primary diagnoses assigned by general surgical pathologists on a series of 103 consecutive colon biopsies from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with diagnoses rendered by a pathologist with extensive experience in gastrointestinal pathology in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  New sections were cut from paraffin blocks of 103 consecutive colon biopsies taken during colonoscopies of 82 different HIV-infected patients; all new sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. These individuals either had negative stool studies or had failed to respond to therapy and had chronic large bowel symptoms, such as frequent small volume-type diarrhea, tenesmus, and/or bright red blood per rectum. Immunohistochemistry for cytomegalovirus (CMV) was performed on 18 of 22 specimens originally diagnosed with CMV colitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial study yielded 70 (68%) negative or nonspecific diagnoses, 22 (21%) cases of CMV colitis, 5 (5%) Cryptosporidium diagnoses, 2 cases each of adenomatous polyps and Kaposi sarcoma, and 1 case each of spirochetosis and squamous cell carcinoma of the anorectum. Review of the recuts yielded 64 (62%) negative or nonspecific diagnoses, 12 (12%) new adenovirus infections (3 combined with CMV), and 11 (11%) lone CMV infections. Three attaching and effacing bacterial infections were diagnosed, 1 with adenovirus coinfection. A total of 4 spirochetosis cases were found on review. Seven (7%) of the biopsies showed at least 1 coinfection. Nine biopsies had features suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colonoscopy with biopsy after negative stool studies or failure to respond to therapy yielded a high proportion of negative or nonspecific diagnoses. Adenovirus and enteropathogenic bacterial infections had been totally overlooked on initial examination. It takes particular experience to evaluate gastrointestinal biopsies from HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA. patjmo@gwumc.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Orenstein
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dieterich
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000473:pathology; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D003092:Colitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000473:pathology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000473:pathology