title: Mandibular metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: report of a case involving severe and uncontrollable hemorrhage.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a marked tendency to spread through the portal system. Metastases from HCC usually involve lungs, surrenal glands, the skeletal and gastroenteric systems, spleen, heart and kidneys. Secondary localizations to the mandible are rare. Generally, bone metastases from HCC appear as osteolytic lesions more likely localized to the ribs, spine, femor, omer, sternum, and then to the mandible. Mandibular metastatic HCC is hemorrhagic in nature because of its hypervascularity. Any diagnostic maneuver that could end in bleeding should be avoided. Non-invasive diagnostic procedures such as computer tomography (CT) scan should be preferred. Among the invasive diagnostic procedures, only fine needle biopsy should be attempted and palliative radiotherapy could be useful for the control of local symptoms. A case report of a hemorrhagic mandibular metastatic HCC that had to be treated surgically, in order to control the severe and profuse bleeding, is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatologic and Maxillofacial Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Felicetta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lavorgna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matarazzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staibano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Troisi
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Claudio
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D006472:Oral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery