title: Using standardized patients as teachers: a concurrent controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two methods of teaching physical assessment, a traditional faculty-taught course and a course with components taught by specially trained standardized patients (SPs), with respect to students' performances and costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical students in their second year and without preliminary course work in physical assessment were taught by faculty-led small groups. Students in their first year were taught by faculty-led lecture-demonstrations and exercises led by physical examination teaching associates (PETAs). Both groups of students were tested with a performance-based examination that involved six identical stations. The costs of both courses were calculated using faculty and SP salaries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in students' performances on two of the stations, those involving the eye and abdominal examinations. The class that had been taught by PETAs, however, demonstrated a statistically significant performance advantage on the remaining four stations. The cost saving from using the PETAs was conservatively estimated at $24,155.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specially trained SPs can effectively teach the normal physical examination to medical students and are a less expensive alternative to traditional faculty small-group teaching methods.
authors.affiliation: Office of Generalist Education, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. Davidra@medicine.ufla.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duerson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rathe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000191:economics; D013663:Teaching / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors; D016526:Workload