title: Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The maternal and neonatal risks associated with pregnancy in women with heart disease receiving comprehensive prenatal care have not been well defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively enrolled 562 consecutive pregnant women with heart disease and determined the outcomes of 599 pregnancies not ending in miscarriage. Pulmonary edema, arrhythmia, stroke, or cardiac death complicated 13% of pregnancies. Prior cardiac events or arrhythmia, poor functional class or cyanosis, left heart obstruction, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction independently predicted maternal cardiac complications; the cardiac event rate can be predicted using a risk index incorporating these predictors. Neonatal complications (20% of pregnancies) were associated with poor functional class or cyanosis, left heart obstruction, anticoagulation, smoking, and multiple gestations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy in women with heart disease is associated with significant cardiac and neonatal complications, despite state-of-the-art obstetric and cardiac care. Maternal cardiac risk can be predicted with the use of a risk index.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Sam.Siu@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sermer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kells
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bergin
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kiess
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marcotte
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Amankwah
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smallhorn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies