title: An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of the root ZX in the presence of various irrigants.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in vitro in the presence of a variety of endodontic irrigants. The in vitro model, described by Donnelly, consisted of refrigerated gelatin made with 0.9% sodium chloride instead of water. The following irrigants were tested: 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, RC Prep, liquid EDTA, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and Peridex. A total of 30 extracted, single-rooted teeth were used. The experimental measurements in the presence of the various irrigants were compared with the actual canal lengths. The present data indicate that the Root ZX electronic apex locator reliably measured canal lengths to within 0.31 mm and that there was virtually no difference in the length determination as a function of the seven irrigants used. These results strongly support the concept that the Root ZX is a useful, versatile, and accurate device for the determination of canal lengths over a wide range of irrigants commonly used in the practice of endodontics.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Education Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Flores
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000737:chemistry; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004581:Electronics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000737:chemistry; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000737:chemistry; D016014:Linear Models; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002614:Chelating Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005780:Gelatin; D008012:Lidocaine; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D004837:Epinephrine