title: Interferon-alpha drives T cell-mediated immunopathology in the intestine.
abstract: The ability of interferon (IFN)-alpha to induce autoimmunity and exacerbate Th1 diseases is well known. We have recently described enhanced expression of IFN-alpha in the mucosa of patients with celiac disease (CD), a gluten-sensitive Th1-mediated enteropathy, characterized by villous atrophy and crypt cell hyperplasia. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that T cell activation in explant cultures of human fetal gut can also result in villous atrophy and crypt cell hyperplasia. We have, therefore, examined changes that take place in explant cultures of human fetal gut after activation of T cells with anti-CD3 and/or IFN-alpha. We show that activation of T cells with anti-CD3 alone elicits a small IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha response with no tissue injury. Similarly, no changes are seen in explants cultured with IFN-alpha alone. However, addition of IFN-alpha with anti-CD3 results in enhanced Th1 response and crypt cell hyperplasia. This is associated with enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and Fyn, a Src homology tyrosine kinase, which interacts with both TCR and IFN-alpha signal components. Together these data indicate that IFN-alpha can facilitate activation of Th1-reactive cells in the gut and drive immunopathology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection, Inflammation and Repair, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, GB.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monteleone
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pender
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Wathen
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496453:FGF7 protein, human; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C494957:FYN protein, human; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases