BOTOX use in the mid and lower face and neck.
BOTOX is the universally accepted gold standard treatment for upper facial rejuvenation. BOTOX application in the mid and lower face and neck is a more advanced treatment requiring a detailed knowledge of underlying facial muscular anatomy and function as well as the patient's aesthetic desires and an ability to interpret the effects of BOTOX chemodenervation on their function.
Carruthers
J
J
Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Carruthers
A
A
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005145:Face; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000188:drug therapy; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A