title: Accessibility and activity of the promoter for a dioxin-inducible ecto-ATPase gene.
abstract: We have analyzed the core promoter for a dioxin-inducible ecto-ATPase gene in mouse hepatoma cells. The transcriptional initiation site maps to a region that contains neither a TATA sequence nor a consensus initiator sequence nor a downstream promoter element. The core promoter has constitutive activity that does not require either the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor or its heterodimerization partner Arnt. Two GC-rich regions contribute approximately equally to the constitutive activity. Proteins constitutively occupy the GC-rich regions in chromatin. The promoter assumes a non-nucleosomal configuration in its native chromosomal setting in both uninduced and dioxin-induced cells. Our findings imply that the GC-rich regions together with their cognate binding proteins carry out core promoter functions for the ecto-ATPase gene. The promoter is constitutively accessible in situ, and chromatin structure is not a limiting factor for dioxin-inducible ecto-ATPase transcription in intact cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5174, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitlock
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004147:Dioxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D051379:Mice; D008836:Micrococcal Nuclease / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004147:Dioxins; D004247:DNA; D008836:Micrococcal Nuclease; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C027201:ectoATPase