Augmentation mammaplasty in male-to-female trans-sexuals: facts and figures from Amsterdam.
In male-to-female trans-sexuals in whom the hormonal treatment has not resulted in sufficient growth of the breasts, augmentation mammaplasty may be considered. Mammaplasty is performed in two-thirds of our patients who have had vaginoplasties. We present our experience of 201 patients operated on at the Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam up to 1997. The patients' mean age was 34 years (range 17-76) and the mean follow-up was four years (range 2 weeks to 16 years). In keeping with our protocol, most patients had had oestrogen therapy and a successful real-life experience for a minimum of 1.5 years. The mean size of implants has nearly doubled over the years. Male-to-female trans-sexuals often request large breasts and repeated augmentation mammaplasties were required, mainly in cases where the result of initial augmentation was not outspoken.
Kanhai
R C
RC
Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hage
J J
JJ
Karim
R B
RB
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*