title: Endoscopic hemoclip treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic hemostasis of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a widely accepted modality of treatment, and endoscopic hemoclipping has been reported to cause fewer complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (active bleeding or non-bleeding visible vessel), 30 men and 10 women with a mean age of 59.1 +/- 14.4 (28-86) years were treated with endoscopic hemoclipping. After panendoscopy or colonoscopy, a local epinephrine injection was routinely given in the initial 20 cases, followed by hemoclipping. For the latter 20 cases, local epinephrine was given only to those with active bleeding. If there was adherent blood clot, irrigation with 3% H2O2, and removal of the blood clot with forceps or basket were done. Six cases with bleeding at technically difficult locations were managed with a new method; a transparent cap (Olympus EMRC) fitted with a 2-channel endoscope for hemoclipping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 35 patients with peptic ulcer, 2 with post endoscopic papillotomy bleeding, 1 with duodenal Dieulafoy's lesion, 1 with Mallory Weiss syndrome, and 1 with rectal ulcer. The types of bleeding were spurting in 7, oozing in 12, and non-bleeding visible vessel in 21 cases. The average number of clips used was 3.1 +/- 1.7 (1-9) and the average clip loss was 0.6 +/- 0.9 (0-4) per patient. The success rate for hemostasis using the transparent cap-fitted endoscope was 100% and the overall success rate was 85% with no complications related to the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic hemoclip treatment for GI bleeding is safe and effective. The transparent cap-fitted endoscope is a new method for hemoclipping in technically difficult lesions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shalu Tungs' Memorial Hospital, 11Fl., 8, Lane 168, Sec. 2, Mei-Tsun Road, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. lienfu42@ms10.hinet.net
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Siauw
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged