title: Thoracic actinomycosis (arcanobacteriosis) or nocardiosis causing thoracic pyogranuloma formation in three dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe three cases of canine thoracic actinomycosis (arcanobacteriosis) or nocardiosis in which the primary pathological lesion was a pyogranulomatous abscess in the mediastinum. Clinical signs, difficulties in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are examined. Comparisons are made between human and veterinary literature to assist in formulating a rational treatment plan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of case records from 1984 to 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three dogs presented with large intrathoracic pyogranulomas producing variable clinical signs, not necessarily associated with the respiratory tract. Ages ranged from 2 to 5 years old. Two dogs responded to surgical opening and passive drainage of the abscess, or surgical excision of the granuloma with associated structures, and medical therapy. One dog died intra-operatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of surgical and antimicrobial therapy may carry a fair-to-good prognosis for thoracic granuloma caused by actinomycosis (arcanobacteriosis) or nocardiosis. The extent of surgery should be based on assessment of individual cases and must include surgical biopsy for histology and culture to enable a specific diagnosis to be made. Complete surgical excision is not necessarily required. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy is indicated.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Clinical Science, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sivacolundhu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D000190:Actinomyces / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000196:Actinomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography; D011996:Records / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies