Ecological study of effect of breast feeding on infant mortality in Latin America.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the effect of exclusive breast feeding and partial breast feeding on infant mortality from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in Latin America.


METHODS
Attributable fraction analysis of national data on infant mortality and breast feeding.


METHODS
Latin America and the Caribbean.


METHODS
Mortality from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections and nationally representative breastfeeding rates.


RESULTS
55% of infant deaths from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in Latin America are preventable by exclusive breast feeding among infants aged 0-3 months and partial breast feeding throughout the remainder of infancy. Among infants aged 0-3 months, 66% of deaths from these causes are preventable by exclusive breast feeding; among infants aged 4-11 months, 32% of such deaths are preventable by partial breast feeding. 13.9% of infant deaths from all causes are preventable by these breastfeeding patterns. The annual number of preventable deaths is about 52 000 for the region.


CONCLUSIONS
Exclusive breast feeding of infants aged 0-3 months and partial breast feeding throughout the remainder of infancy could substantially reduce infant mortality in Latin America. Interventions to promote breast feeding should target younger infants.
Betrán
A P
AP
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. betrana@who.int
de Onís
M
M
Lauer
J A
JA
Villar
J
J
D000208:Acute Disease; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000401:mortality; D012306:Risk