title: Clomipramine versus haloperidol in the treatment of autistic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
abstract: Clomipramine, haloperidol, and placebo were compared with baseline in the treatment of autism, and overall outcome, specific symptoms, and side effects were examined. It was hypothesized that clomipramine would be better tolerated than haloperidol and prove superior on a measure of stereotypy. Individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder (mean age, 16.3 years; range, 10-36 years) were randomly assigned, by using a Latin square design, to the following 7-week trials: placebo, clomipramine (mean daily dose, 128.4 mg; range, 100-150 mg), or haloperidol (mean daily dose, 1.3 mg; range, 1-1.5 mg). Data on 36 subjects were analyzed and taken together; the results favored haloperidol. In those patients who were able to complete a full therapeutic trial, clomipramine proved comparable to haloperidol in terms of improvement compared with baseline. However, significantly fewer individuals receiving clomipramine versus haloperidol were able to complete the trial (37.5% vs. 69.7%, respectively) for reasons related to both side effects and efficacy or behavior problems. In the intent-to-treat sample, which is perhaps more clinically relevant, only haloperidol proved superior to baseline on a global measure of autistic symptom severity, as well as specific measures for irritability and hyperactivity. Clomipramine did not seem more effective on a measure of stereotypy, nor was it better tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Division, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. gary_remington@camh.net
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remington
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sloman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konstantareas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol; D002997:Clomipramine