title: Optimizing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft: technical and metabolic aspects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to determine if complete revascularization could be successfully performed off bypass in the majority of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a metabolic protocol and the Medtronic Octopus stabilizer device (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN), 285 consecutive patients between July 1, 1997 and July 31, 1999 were successfully revascularized off pump via median sternotomy. A relative contraindication for off bypass CABG was cardiogenic shock. The metabolic protocol was designed to enhance systolic and diastolic cardiac function during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 298 patients on whom we attempted off-pump revascularizations, 96% (285/298) were successful. The mean number of grafts per case was 3.3. The mean age of patients was 69.5 years, and 38% (109/285) were 75 years of age or older. Perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in two patients (0.7%) and operative mortality was 2.8% (8/285). Average Parsonnet score was 4.8. Cost savings were realized through minimal blood product utilization (average 1.5 units per case) and decreased cardiopulmonary bypass supplies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete revascularization can be performed off bypass in the majority of CABG patients. The concomitant use of the Octopus off-bypass technique with aggressive metabolic support ensures manual manipulation of a beating heart and results in a low incidence of postoperative complications and significant cost savings.
authors.affiliation: Saddleback Memorial Medical Center, Laguna Hills, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Perkowski
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gorman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin