title: A dose-ranging study to evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of amprenavir alone and in combination with abacavir in HIV-infected adults with limited antiretroviral experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of multiple escalating doses of amprenavir administered alone, and in combination with abacavir in HIV-1-infected adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two HIV-1-infected subjects were enrolled in a multicentre, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalating trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were assigned to one of six dose groups and received amprenavir 300 mg twice daily, 300 mg three times daily, 900, 1050, or 1,200 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. One dose group received amprenavir 900 mg twice daily in combination with abacavir 300 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. Antiretroviral activity was assessed by measuring changes from baseline in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 cell counts. Safety was evaluated by monitoring clinical adverse events and changes in laboratory values. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses were performed using ABI sequencing and the recombinant virus assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 4, amprenavir monotherapy (900, 1,050, or 1,200 mg twice daily) resulted in marked decreases in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (1.3-1.6 log10 copies/ml), and substantial increases in CD4 cell counts in the two dose groups who received 1,050 mg twice daily (118 x 10(6) cells/mm3) or 1,200 mg twice daily (114 x 10(6) cells/mm3). Amprenavir/abacavir resulted in median plasma HIV-1 RNA reductions of 1.8 log10 copies/ml, and median CD4 cell count increases of 138 x 10(6) cells/mm3. Amprenavir was reasonably well tolerated with few treatment-limiting adverse events. No known active site mutations associated with amprenavir resistance were selected in any of the dose groups, and no significant phenotypic resistance to amprenavir developed during 4 weeks of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antiviral effect of amprenavir monotherapy increased with escalating doses, and all amprenavir doses were reasonably well tolerated over 4 weeks of therapy. Amprenavir/abacavir combination therapy elicited a potent antiviral effect. The three highest doses of amprenavir (900, 1,050 and 1,200 mg twice daily) were selected to design subsequent Phase II and III studies that confirmed the safety profile and efficacy of amprenavir in combination regimens and led to the approval of amprenavir in the USA in 1999.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences Center, University of Colorado, Denver, USA. robert.schooley@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schooley
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clumeck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haubrich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Danner
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: van Der Ende
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sereni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tisdale
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Millard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nacci
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002219:Carbamates; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D010641:Phenotype; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002219:Carbamates; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D005663:Furans; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000099227:Abacavir; C095108:amprenavir