title: Newer risk markers and surrogate endpoints in atherosclerosis management.
abstract: Risk markers that allow improved and individualized assessment of atherosclerotic disease risk and response to treatment are needed. Current candidate markers include cell adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin, and inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein; advances in genomics and proteomics will suggest additional candidate markers. Noninvasive imaging procedures such as electron-beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also show considerable promise for monitoring disease status and response to treatment, and ultimately could provide surrogate endpoints for clinical trials of therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. cmb@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein