title: Skilled finger movement exercise improves hand function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aging is accompanied by a marked decline in muscle strength and ability to maintain steady submaximal force. Studies have shown that exercise programs can improve age-related regression of hand function in elderly individuals. The purpose of this study was to train elderly subjects to perform skilled finger movements and to evaluate the changes in hand function involving skillful use of finger pinch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Grip strength, maximum pinch force (MPF), steadiness of pinch force at 5%, 10%, and 20% MPF, M wave, and Hoffman (H) reflex were measured. Fourteen elderly subjects were trained with skilled finger movements, and their performance involving finger pinch was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with untrained elderly subjects, the trained older adults significantly (p <.05) improved their ability to control submaximal pinch force, to maintain a steady hand posture, and to relocate a small object quickly with finger grip. The amplitude of H reflex increased significantly for the trained group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skilled finger movement training improves the ability to control submaximal pinch force, hand steadiness, and manual speed in elderly subjects; these improvements may be due to training-induced adaptations in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Siemionow
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sahgal
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012016:Reference Values; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis