title: Sleep and treatment response in depression: new findings using power spectral analysis.
abstract: This study examined quantitative measures of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and phasic rapid eye movements (REM) as correlates of remission and recovery in depressed patients. To address correlates of remission, pre-treatment EEG sleep studies were examined in 130 women outpatients with major depressive disorder treated with interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). To address correlates of recovery, baseline and post-treatment EEG sleep studies were examined in 23 women who recovered with IPT alone and 23 women who recovered with IPT+fluoxetine. Outcomes included EEG power spectra during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and REM sleep and quantitative REMs. IPT non-remitters had increased phasic REM compared with remitters, but no significant differences in EEG power spectra. IPT+fluoxetine recoverers, but not IPT recoverers, showed increases in phasic REM and REM percentage from baseline to recovery. In NREM sleep, the IPT+fluoxetine group showed a decrease in alpha power from baseline to recovery, while the IPT group showed a slight increase. The number of REMs was a more robust correlate of remission and recovery than modeled quantitative EEG spectra during NREM or REM sleep. Quantitative REMs may provide a more direct measure of brainstem function and dysfunction during REM sleep than quantitative sleep EEG measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, E-1127 WPIC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. buyssedj@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ombao
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology