title: Gastroduodenoscopy in the dog and cat.
abstract: Endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract in dogs and cats is a relatively recent development. It was just over 20 years ago, in 1978, that the first series report of GI endoscopy in dogs and cats was presented. In those initial days, endoscopy was truly a novelty, and the primary uses for endoscopes were to retrieve foreign objects or visualize the esophagus and stomach. It was not until the mid-1980s that technology and training made gastroduodenoscopy standard practice. The evolution in endoscopic technology has also mirrored the evolution in computers and imaging modalities. The original fiberoptic endoscopes, although still available, are giving way to video endoscopy and digital imaging capabilities that provide spectacular images and an ability to generate hard copy images for medical records, teaching purposes, and research data that was previously not possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA. dzoran@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zoran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D004384:Duodenoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*