title: Efficacy of Bach-flower remedies in test anxiety: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with partial crossover.
abstract: Bach-flower remedies are a type of alternative medication used increasingly for over-the-counter self-help purposes. We studied the efficacy of a combination of Bach-flower remedies in subjects with test anxiety in a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded parallel group design, with crossing over the placebo group to remedies after the first phase. Anxiety was measured by a standardized, validated test anxiety questionnaire (the German version of the Test Anxiety Inventory, TAI-G). Fifty-five of 61 subjects with self-reported test anxiety gave valid data. There was no significant difference between the groups, but a significant decrease of test anxiety in all groups was present. We conclude that Bach-flower remedies are an effective placebo for test anxiety and do not have a specific effect.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum, Freiburg, Germany. walach@ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rilling
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Engelke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013732:Test Anxiety Scale
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D010936:Plant Extracts