title: Season of birth in schizophrenia and affective psychoses in Western Australia 1916-61.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines seasonality birth effects in schizophrenia and affective psychoses in the southern hemisphere, given possible confounding of age-incidence effects with winter birth peaks in northern hemisphere data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Distributions of births by season, quarter and month for individuals born in Western Australia 1916-61 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (N=2284), affective psychoses (N=3236), and neurotic depression (N=4869) on the statewide mental health register were compared with distributions for the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no association between season of birth and schizophrenia, affective psychoses or neurotic depression. For schizophrenia, the pattern of risks by quarter reflects northern hemisphere trends. Results by month are difficult to interpret due to large fluctuations in the data. While age-incidence effects had no impact on the distribution of risk, we found an artefactual increase in January births due to routine imputation of missing birth dates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjusting for artefacts in the data produced a pattern analogous to northern hemisphere trends.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Jablensky
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Castle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001721:Birth Intervals; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012621:Seasons