title: Time perception and reproduction in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 104) were compared with a control group (n = 64) on time estimation and reproduction tasks. Results were unaffected by ADHD subtype or gender. The ADHD group provided larger time estimations than the control group, particularly at long intervals. This became nonsignificant after controlling for IQ. The ADHD group made shorter reproductions than did the control group (15- and 60-s intervals) and greater reproduction errors (12-, 45-, 60-s durations). These differences remained after controlling for IQ and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder, depression, and anxiety. Only the level of anxiety contributed to errors (at 12-s duration) beyond the level of ADHD. Results extended findings on time perception in ADHD children to adults and ruled out comorbidity as the basis of the errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA. Barkleyr@ummhc.org
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barkley
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*