title: The role of percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation in percutaneous choledochoscopic lithotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When choledochoscopic lithotomy with basket and electrohydraulic lithotripsy is used to remove intrahepatic duct stones, fragments or small stones usually remain in the bile duct that are too small to be captured with a basket.
  
  
  METHODS
  An attempt was made to remove stone fragments in 16 patients with intrahepatic duct stones by antegrade balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi with a conventional balloon catheter. After balloon dilation, remnant stones and sludge were pushed through the papilla with the choledochoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bile duct stones were completely removed in 12 of 16 patients (75%); stones were removed in 1 session. There was no clinical evidence of procedure-related pancreatitis or fatal complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi and clearance of remnant bile duct stones and stone fragments with the tip of choledochoscope is simple and effective in patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic lithotomy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002758:Cholangiography; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D003135:Common Bile Duct; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi