title: Combined magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission tomography scanning in the discrimination of Alzheimer's disease from age-matched controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the utility of temporal lobe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) scanning in discriminating between subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty subjects with NINCDS-ADRDA AD (23 probable AD, 5 possible AD, 2 definite AD) and 22 age- and sex-matched controls underwent T1-weighted coronal MRI scanning (0.3 T) and technetium 99m-HMPAO SPET scanning. MRI scans were analyzed using a digitizer system with volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and whole cerebral cortex calculated. From SPET scans, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed in anterior and posterior frontal, parietal, occipital, and mesial temporal cortex using a region of interest analysis with the cerebellum as a reference area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using MRI, the areas that best separated groups were left hippocampal and left amygdala volume, resulting in correct classification (patient vs. control) in 79% of cases (sensitivity 77%, specificity 82%). Exactly the same proportion of subjects were correctly classified by SPET, with the most discriminating rCBF changes being left parietal and right posterior frontal. Combining information from both scans improved the proportion of correctly classified subjects in a discriminant function to 90% (sensitivity 93%, specificity 86%; only 2 AD and 3 controls misclassified). All AD subjects had abnormalities on MRI and/or SPET (sensitivity for combined examinations 100%), while abnormalities on both MRI and SPET had a positive predictive value of 100% for dementia (including the detection of one control subject who later had dementia). Significant correlations between MRI and SPET measures were seen in control subjects but not in patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both 0.3 T MRI and single rotating gamma camera SPET were equally useful in separating AD subjects from age-matched controls, although the combination of both significantly enhanced discrimination. In particular, all AD subjects had abnormalities on either MRI or SPET and both techniques may have an important role in assisting with clinical diagnosis, though replication in other centers and examination of differentiation of AD from other causes of dementia need to be examined.
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. J.T.O'Brien@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desmond
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Binns
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tress
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime