title: Randomized study comparing cardiac response in endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to compare the cardiac response and the incidence of adverse cardiac events during and after endovascular (EVAR) and open (OR) repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients with an AAA suitable for EVAR, and in a general condition allowing open surgery were randomized to EVAR (57 patients) or OR (19 patients). The analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. Haemodynamic variables were assessed intraoperatively before, during and after aortic occlusion. During the procedure myocardial ischaemia was identified with use of electrocardiography (ECG) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). After operation, cardiac complications were diagnosed by clinical observation, 12-lead ECG at 1 h, 1 day and 7 days, echocardiography at 1 month and measurement of cardiac enzymes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After aortic occlusion, a greater decrease in systemic vascular resistance compared with baseline was observed with OR than with EVAR (- 396 and - 70 dyne s/cm5 respectively; P = 0.03). The stroke work index, as a direct measure of myocardial performance, demonstrated a decrease during OR and an increase during EVAR during aortic occlusion (- 6.6 and + 1.7 g m/m2 respectively; P = 0.03) as well as after aortic occlusion (- 7.6 and + 3.4 g m/m2 respectively; P < 0.01), compared with baseline. The incidence of postoperative clinical cardiac complications was comparable in the two study groups; however, myocardial ischaemia, as observed by ECG and TEE, was observed more frequently in the OR group (ten of 19 versus 15 of 57 patients; P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haemodynamic changes were less severe and there was a lower incidence of myocardial ischaemia during EVAR than during OR. Studies are needed to demonstrate whether this may reduce the operative mortality rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. p.cuypers@planetinternet.be
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Cuypers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gardien
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buth
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Peels
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Charbon
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017546:Angioscopy / Q000379:methods*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology