title: Indirect MR arthrography of the knee: effects of low-intensity ultrasound on the diffusion rate of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether application of low-intensity ultrasound may increase the diffusion rate of intravenously administered gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) and increase the amount of joint fluid on indirect magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional MR imaging, indirect MR arthrography, and power Doppler ultrasonography were performed before and after application of therapeutic, pulsed low-intensity ultrasound in 12 asymptomatic knees of 12 volunteers. Intra-articular diffusion of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA as measured by signal intensity differences of the intra-articular joint fluid before and after ultrasound treatment was assessed. In addition, the amount of joint fluid was rated, and differences in synovial blood flow as evidenced by power Doppler ultrasonography were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All volunteers tolerated well the application of therapeutic low-intensity ultrasound. A significant increase in intra-articular diffusion of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA was noted in all knees, and an increase in joint fluid was noted in 8 of 12 knees (66.6%). Detection of power Doppler flow signal in the synovium of the suprapatellar recess was possible in one instance at posttreatment exam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of pulsed, therapeutic low-intensity ultrasound may increase the diffusion rate of intravenously administered Gd-DTPA and may induce joint effusion.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. dominik.weishaupt@dmr.usz.ch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weishaupt
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rawool
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Winder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001175:Arthrography; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA