title: Small dose of prostaglandin E(1) increases cardiac output without altering blood volume.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of small dose of intravenous (IV) prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) on blood volume (BV) and cardiac output (CO) by pulse dye-densitometry (PDD) in patients administered isoflurane anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 ASA physical status I and II adult patients undergoing elective neurosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to either the PGE(1) group (n = 7) or the control group (n = 7). Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal, fentanyl, and vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide. When the cardiovascular system stabilized after craniotomy and incision of the dura mater, we administered a small dose of PGE(1) at a rate of 0.02 microg/kg/min (PGE(1) group) or saline at a rate of 2 mL/min (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood volume, CO, and mean transit time (MTT) were measured by PDD before and 60 minutes after the start of administration. At the same timing, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and central venous pressure (CVP) were measured, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac index (CI), and CO/BV were computed. As for MAP, there was no significant difference within a group and between groups. In the PGE(1) group, significant increases were noted in CI from 2.54 +/- 0.46 to 3.24 +/- 0.83 (mean +/- SD) L/min/m(2) (p < 0.05), in CO/BV from 0.90 +/- 0.24 to 1.19 +/- 0.33 (p < 0.05), and in HR from 65.7 +/- 10.1 to 74.9 +/- 12.1 bpm (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease was observed in MTT from 22.3 +/- 6.5 to 18.2 +/- 5.1 seconds (p < 0.05 ). Cardiac index and CO/BV in the PGE(1) group increased higher than in the control group, while BV, CVP and SVR remained consistent in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small dose of PGE(1), low enough not to provoke hypotension, increased CO without alterations in BV. The increase in CO seemed to be mainly due to an increase in HR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan. fukudahi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yuge
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003720:Densitometry; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007530:Isoflurane; D000527:Alprostadil; D007208:Indocyanine Green