title: Hydronephrosis associated with colorectal carcinoma: treatment and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstruction of the upper urinary tract, hydronephrosis, is not uncommon in the context of primary or recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC). Its presence poses a therapeutic dilemma. This study focuses on the significance of hydronephrosis as a prognostic marker for CRC by analysing the resectability and survival rates of patients affected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data of 52 patients with hydronephrosis were analysed. Ten had primary CRC at different sites and 42 developed hydronephrosis 1-84 months following resection of a primary CRC. Twenty eight had unilateral and 24 bilateral hydronephrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10 patients with primary CRC and in 38 of those with a history of CRC, hydronephrosis was secondary to malignant obstruction. In four it was related to iatrogenic injury to the urinary tract. Complete surgical resection was possible in five patients (10%) with malignant obstruction. The remaining 90% underwent palliative or no surgical treatment due to diffuse metastasis or extensive local disease. No difference in survival was found between these two groups (6 vs 8 months) nor when comparing CEA levels, Duke's staging, or unilateral vs bilateral hydronephrosis. Patients with benign obstruction were treated by a ureteric stent, leading to resolution of hydronephrosis. All four are alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malignant hydronephrosis, secondary to primary or recurrent CRC, represents local manifestation of a disseminated disease with almost no probability of long-term survival and cure. It would seem that patients with such disease do not benefit from aggressive operations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lev-Chelouche
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keidar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rub
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matzkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome