title: Alterations of mismatch repair protein expression in benign melanocytic nevi, melanocytic dysplastic nevi, and cutaneous malignant melanomas.
abstract: Immunoperoxidase-staining methods were used to examine the expression of hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6 mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in 50 melanocytic lesions. Microsatellite instability (MSI), screened previously in these lesions by polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite assay, showed low-level microsatellite instability (MSI-L) in 11 of 22 melanocytic dysplastic nevi (MDN) and two of nine primary cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMMs) but not in the benign melanocytic nevi (BN). Mismatch repair proteins were widely expressed in the epidermis and adnexal structures. All lesions showed positive immunoreactivity with a gradual decrease in the MMR staining values during the progression from BN to MDN to CMMs. The average percentage of positively (PP) stained cells for hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6 in BN was 85.50 +/- 1.95, 77.90 +/- 4.50, and 87.11 +/- 1.85, respectively. The PP cell values in CMMs were significantly reduced as compared with BN (75.22 +/- 3.57, p= 0.01; 56.11 +/- 8.73, p= 0.02; 65.22 +/- 6.47, p = 0.0002 for hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6, respectively). No comparable significant difference was found between microsatellite stable and MSI-L lesions (p = 0.173, p = 0.458, and p = 0.385), suggesting a lack of correlation between MMR expression and MMR function. There was a direct correlation between PP cell values of hMSH2 and hMSH6 (R = 0.39, p = 0.008), implying that their expression could be regulated by a common mechanism. Thus, an important finding of these studies was the reduction of MMR protein levels in CMMs; whether this reflects underlying genetic or epigenetic mechanisms is still to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roggero
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sudilovsky
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Tuthill
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sudilovsky
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004416:Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1