title: Noninvasive Raman spectroscopic identification of intraocular lens material in the living human eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a safe noninvasive technique for identifying the material of intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Center for Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raman spectroscopy was used to noninvasively identify the type of IOL implanted after previous cataract surgery in 9 eyes of 6 patients who were legally blind as a result of eye disease. Three IOLs were characterized: poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (n = 5), acrylic (n = 3), and silicone (n = 1). Confocal Raman spectroscopy was used with a laser power of 95 microW and exposure time of 1 second.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distinct spectral peaks associated with each type of IOL were obtained. These included spectra peaks at 2840 cm(-1), 2946 cm(-1), and 3000 cm(-1) for PMMA; 2917 cm(-1), 2939 cm(-1), and 3055 cm(-1) for acrylic; and 2900 cm(-1), 2961 cm(-1), and 3048 cm(-1) for silicone. The procedure was well accepted by patients, and there were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The specific Raman spectra of the IOLs allowed for noninvasive determination of IOL material with the use of a safe light dose and an exposure time of 1 second.
authors.affiliation: Laser & Spectroscopy Program of the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Erckens
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Jongsma
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wicksted
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hendrikse
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motamedi
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000032:analysis*; D000368:Aged; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000032:analysis*; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000032:analysis*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate