title: Epilepsy care in six Indian cities: a multicenter study on management and service.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epilepsy care in developing countries is lagging behind than in the developed countries. Precise data on delivery of neurological services for epilepsy is essential to optimize the medical services for epilepsy care with limited resources.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out in order to examine the management practices and utilization of various medical services for epilepsy in different parts of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  University centers with epilepsy clinics, one each from six states of India, had participated in this study. Demographic data, clinical details, and data on epilepsy care were collected simultaneously on standard proforma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on 285 patients with epilepsy (generalized epilepsy: 49.1%, localization-related epilepsy: 49.9%, others: 1%) were included. Mean age of onset of epilepsy was 14.8+11.1 years. Mean delay in diagnosis was 1.5+/-4 years. Mean distance from place of residence to the consulting neurologist was 70+/-82 km. Medical consultations before referral to epilepsy center included general practitioners (54.1%) and specialists (43.3%). Very few patients received services from clinical psychologist or social worker. Investigations included, EEG (63.2%), CT Scan (36.2%). MRI brain (8.5%) and video EEG (2.1%) were limited to a few. Nearly 75.5% were on monotherapy. Newer Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) were used only in less than 5% patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The services for epilepsy are urban-based and there is underutilization of services, general practitioners and specialists. Newer AEDs (although expensive) are gradually emerging in Indian market. Facilities for epilepsy surgery, therapeutic drug monitoring and services of clinical psychologist or medical social workers are limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, 695 011, Trivandrum, India. sanjeev@sctimst.ker.nic.in
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shekhar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vengamma
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D009462:Neurology; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants