title: Autoimmune hepatitis in Brazilian patients is not linked to tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphisms at position -308.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been linked to different HLA-DR antigens. Recently, AIH type 1 was associated with polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene promoter (TNFA) at position -308. In this respect, the frequency of the TNFA*2 allele, in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*0301, was shown to be significantly increased in whites with AIH type 1. The aim of this study was to assess the role of TNFA alleles in conferring susceptibility to AIH, studying a population where the disease is not primarily associated with HLA-DRB1*03.
  
  
  METHODS
  The determination of HLA-DRB1 and TNFA alleles was performed in 92 patients with AIH type 1, 29 subjects with AIH type 2 and 83 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-based techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of TNFA alleles was similar in patients with AIH types 1 and 2, when compared with controls. In addition, the TNFA*2 allele was identified in patients carrying HLA-DR antigens other than HLA-DRB1*03. Interestingly, higher gammaglobulin levels were observed in TNFA*2 positive patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that susceptibility to AIH remains primarily linked to the HLA-DRB1 locus, and suggest that the association of AIH with TNFA*2 previously observed in whites might be secondary to a linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*0301.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil. plbbr@uol.com.br
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Palácios
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cançado
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drigo
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Carrilho
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Laudanna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalil
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C553502:HLA-DRB1*03:01 antigen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha