title: Potentially avoidable hospitalisations in New Zealand, 1989-98.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe potentially avoidable hospitalisation in New Zealand, including recent trends and variations between groups differentiated by age, gender, ethnicity and degree of deprivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital discharges among people aged 0-74 years for the years 1989-98 were classified as 'potentially avoidable' or 'unavoidable' based on the ICD9-CMA code of the principal diagnosis. Potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAH) were further subcategorised according to the intervention involved--primary prevention, ambulatory care or injury prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 1998, one in three of these hospitalisations was theoretically avoidable--two-thirds of these through more effective primary health care services. Although in practice only a proportion of these could realistically have been avoided, these estimates reveal considerable scope for further reduction in the incidence of serious disease and injury. Maori and Pacific people had age-standardised PAH rates approximately 60% higher than European and other New Zealanders. Similar discrepancies exist by socio-economic deprivation. Had all New Zealanders enjoyed the PAH rates of the most advantaged 40% of the population, 28% fewer potentially avoidable hospitalisations would have occurred in 1998, some 26,000 hospital admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis has revealed significant scope for the health sector to contribute to population health gain and, in particular, to improvement in equity of outcomes across ethnic and socio-economic groups. Potentially avoidable hospitalisations provide a useful tool for evidence-based population health needs analysis and health policy development.
authors.affiliation: Counties Manukau District Health Board, South Auckland, New Zealand. gjackson@cmdhb.org.nz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobias
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004194:Disease / Q000145:classification; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D013222:State Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data