title: Amniotic membrane, tear film, corneal, and aqueous levels of ofloxacin in rabbit eyes after amniotic membrane transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated ocular penetration and drug levels in tears after topical ofloxacin instillation in rabbit eyes with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight New Zealand White rabbits were used. In the first set of experiments, 24 rabbits (24 eyes) were divided into four groups according to the epithelial removal or AMT. Topical ofloxacin was instilled four times every 15 minutes. One hour after the last eyedrop, the concentration of ofloxacin in the amniotic membrane, cornea, and aqueous humor was evaluated. In the second set of experiments, 24 rabbits were divided into six groups according to AMT (transplantation of lyophilized or fresh amniotic membrane) or duration of application. Ofloxacin ointment or two drops of ofloxacin were applied to the right eye, and then tear samples were collected after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours for the analysis of ofloxacin concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ofloxacin concentrations in the cornea and aqueous humor were statistically higher in deepithelialized cornea regardless of AMT (p < 0.05). The mean tear levels of ofloxacin in the AMT groups were statistically higher than those in non-AMT groups (p < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the tear level of ofloxacin between lyophilized amniotic membrane groups and fresh amniotic membrane groups nor between 1-hour amniotic membrane-attached groups and 6-hour amniotic membrane-attached groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amniotic membrane transplantation seems to interfere with the ocular penetration of topical ofloxacin in normal rabbit corneas but enhances ofloxacin penetration in corneas with epithelial defects. The ofloxacin level in tears was higher in eyes with AMT up to 1 hour after topical ofloxacin use. Therefore, it seems that amniotic membrane has some potential to act as an effective drug delivery system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000650:Amnion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D015925:Cryopreservation; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009926:Organ Preservation; D011817:Rabbits; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D015242:Ofloxacin