title: Discovery of a novel compound: insight into mechanisms for acrylamide-induced axonopathy and colchicine-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death.
abstract: The exposure of humans and experimental animals to certain industrial toxins such as acrylamide is known to cause nerve damage classified as axonopathy, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here we show that acrylamide induces morphological changes and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), a member of the FAK subfamily, in human differentiating neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, we identified a novel molecule designated 'compound-1' that inhibits the morphological and biochemical events. Daily oral administrations of the compound also effectively alleviated behavioral deficits in animals elicited by acrylamide in inclined plane testing, landing foot spread testing and rota-rod performance testing. The compound also effectively inhibited the biological and biochemical responses caused by another axonopathy inducer, colchicine, including tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2, formation of an 85-kDa poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) fragment and apoptosis-associated induction of the NAPOR gene as well as neuronal cell death. Our findings not only provide insight into FAK and Pyk2 functions in neuronal cells, but may also be important in the development of therapeutic agents for peripheral neuropathy and neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, Snow Brand, 519 Shimo-Ishibashi, Ishibashi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, 329-0512, Tochigi, Japan. y_nakagawa_yagi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa-Yagi
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momoi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaki
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067878:CELF Proteins; D003078:Colchicine / Q000633:toxicity*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C436284:2-cyclopentyl-5-(5-isoquinolylsulfonyl)-6-nitro-1H-benzo(D)imidazole; D000178:Acrylamides; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D000067878:CELF Proteins; C117363:CELF2 protein, human; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C029899:imidazole; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051418:Focal Adhesion Kinase 2; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D003078:Colchicine