title: (R)-methanandamide and Delta 9-THC as discriminative stimuli in rats: tests with the cannabinoid antagonist SR-141716 and the endogenous ligand anandamide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (R)-methanandamide (AM-356), a metabolically more stable chiral analog of the endocannabinoid ligand anandamide, was used as a representative of fatty acid ethanolamide CB1 receptor ligands to characterize the discriminative stimulus functions of anandamides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats discriminated between 10 mg/kg (R)-methanandamide and vehicle administered IP 15 min prior to session onset. Another group of rats was initially trained to discriminate between 3 mg/kg Delta9-THC and vehicle given IP 30 min prior to session onset; for anandamide testing, the animals were retrained with 1.8 and 5.6 mg/kg Delta9-THC. A two lever operant methodology (FR10) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delta9-THC was more potent than (R)-methanandamide at both 15 and 30 min post-injection, irrespective of the training drug used. Additional tests with 10 and 18 mg/kg (R)-methanandamide suggested that the effects were declining by 1 h. The cannabinoid antagonist SR 141716 (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) produced rightward shifts in the Delta9-THC dose-response curve for Delta9-THC-appropriate responding and for (R)-methanandamide-appropriate responding (surmountable antagonism). SR-141716 (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) antagonized the ability of (R)-methanandamide to occasion either Delta9-THC-appropriate responding or (R)-methanandamide-appropriate responding. This antagonism was surmountable only at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg SR-1421716 in the (R)-methanandamide-trained rats. SR-141716 did not antagonize the rate-decreasing effects of (R)-methanandamide in either the Delta9-THC or the (R)-methanandamide trained rats. Response suppression precluded testing doses higher than 30 mg/kg (R)-methanandamide. Tests with SR-141716 (1 and 10 mg/kg) alone resulted in <3% Delta9-THC-appropriate responding. With 10 mg/kg SR-141716, response rate was significantly lower as compared to the rate observed during a vehicle test. Tests with anandamide (10 and 18 mg/kg) resulted in 41% and 85% (R)-methanandamide-appropriate responding at a 3-min pre-treatment time, but in a maximum of 15% (R)-methanandamide-appropriate responding at a longer (15 min) pre-treatment time. In the Delta9-THC (1.8 and 5.6 mg/kg) trained rats, anandamide never produced more than about 20% Delta9-THC-appropriate responding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results add to a growing body of evidence indicating that there are both similarities and dissimilarities between classical cannabinoids such as THC and endogenous fatty acid ethanolamides.
authors.affiliation: Hahnemann University, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. tjarbe@astro.temple.edu
authors.forename: T U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Järbe
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makriyannis
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000077285:Rimonabant
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002186:Cannabinoids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D008024:Ligands; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D011720:Pyrazoles; C088155:methanandamide; D013759:Dronabinol; D000077285:Rimonabant; C078814:anandamide