title: Pericapillary arteriovenous malformations angiographically manifested as cerebral venous malformations.
abstract: Cerebral venous malformations have been diagnosed by angiographic features and are considered to be a benign anomaly. However, ample evidence indicates that stroke or similar symptomatology occurs in patients harboring a cerebral vascular malformation that was diagnosed angiographically as a venous malformation. The purpose of the study is to confirm the presence of a pericapillary arteriovenous malformation in these patients by analyzing the clinical history and surgical findings and correlating them with histological features. Thirteen patients were included in this study. Each patient fulfilled four criteria: 1. the patient was neurologically symptomatic; 2. the angiographic diagnosis was a venous malformation; 3. at operation, shunting arterioles (50-100 microns) were found to contribute to the malformation; and 4. histologically, a mixture of venous channels and arterioles with arterioles directly connected to venules was found. Based on the above findings, the malformation present in the 13 patients can be termed a 'pericapillary arteriovenous malformation'. Its angiographic distinction from the cerebral venous malformation requires technological advancement in the capability of magnifying images of arterioles and venules, along with improvement in image resolution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA. Yamada1000@worldnet.att.net
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Liwnicz
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Colohan
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002196:Capillaries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012640:Seizures / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome