title: [Epidemiology and costs of lung cancer in Germany].
abstract: Lung cancer shows the leading incidence of all cancers among men in the developed world and an increasing incidence among women. We performed a cost of illness study that aimed to assess the economic burden of lung cancer in Germany and to identify the main cost drivers.
  
  
  
  Costs were estimated for the year 1996. In a retrospective analysis we calculated direct and indirect costs based on secondary data from governmental institutions as well as from the pharmaceutical industry. We chose the cost perspective of sickness funds to estimate direct costs. The human capital approach was applied for the calculation of indirect costs.
  
  
  
  Total estimated costs were DM 8.31 billion per year. The indirect costs of DM 7.40 billion accounted for 89 % of total estimated costs. The most important cost driver of the indirect costs, early death, represented on its own DM 4.85 billion, according to 58 % of total estimated costs. Of the direct costs, 93 % were due to hospitalization, amounting to DM 0.85 billion.
  
  
  
  This cost of illness study concerning lung cancer illustrates the outstanding importance of the indirect costs, mostly due to early death, for total costs. Based on these findings and on the leading role of smoking in the etiology of lung cancer, we suggest that studies dealing with the net costs of smoking to society should include indirect costs.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Pneumologie, Medizinische Klinik,Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. weissflog@g1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weissflog
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matthys
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasse
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Virchow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics