title: ANG II type 1 receptor downregulation does not require receptor endocytosis or G protein coupling.
abstract: ANG II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors respond to sustained exposure to ANG II by undergoing downregulation of absolute receptor numbers. It has been assumed previously that downregulation involves endocytosis. The present study hypothesized that AT(1) receptor downregulation occurs independently of receptor endocytosis or G protein coupling. Mutant AT(1) receptors with carboxy-terminal deletions internalized <5% of radioligand compared with 65% for wild-type AT(1) receptors. The truncated AT(1) receptors retained the ability to undergo downregulation. These data suggest the existence of an alternative pathway to AT(1) receptor degradation that does not require endocytosis, per se. Point mutations in either the second transmembrane region or second intracellular loop impaired G protein (G(q)) coupling. These receptors exhibited a biphasic pattern of downregulation. The earliest phase of downregulation (0-2 h) was independent of coupling to G(q), but no additional downregulation was observed after 2 h of ANG II exposure in the receptors with impaired coupling to G(q). These data suggest that coupling to G(q) is required for the later phase (2-24 h) of AT(1) receptor downregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA. greg.modrall@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Modrall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanamori
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadoshima
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Barnhart
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Neubig
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D019556:COS Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007700:Kinetics; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium