title: Twelve-month treatment of overactive bladder: efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tolterodine is a bladder-selective antimuscarinic agent designed for the treatment of overactive bladder. Traditional antimuscarinic therapies are poorly tolerated due to a high incidence of anticholinergic adverse events and consequently few patients remain on long term therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long term efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve-month open-label extension of 4 randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multinational, multicentre trials of 4 weeks' duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  714 patients (aged 18 to 92 years) with symptoms of overactive bladder who completed the double-blind portion of the studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tolterodine 2 mg twice daily for up to 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Micturition diary variables: number of micturitions per 24 hours, number of urge incontinence episodes per 24 hours, mean urine volume voided per micturition. Safety variables: adverse events, study discontinuation rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 441 patients (62%) completed 12 months' open-label treatment with tolterodine, which significantly reduced the number of micturitions per 24 hours [mean change -2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.7 to -2.2, median change -20%, p < 0.0001] and number of urge incontinence episodes per 24 hours (mean change -1.3, 95% CI -1.6 to -1.0, median change -74%, p < 0.0001), while the mean volume voided per micturition was significantly increased (+33 ml, 95% CI +28 to +38, median change +18%; p < 0.0001). 41% of patients reported dry mouth (27% mild, 10% moderate, 3% severe). Dosage reduction to 1 mg twice daily was required in 23% of patients. 15% of patients withdrew from the study due to adverse events, with 5% having associated dry mouth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high percentage of patients completing 12 months' treatment indicates that tolterodine is an effective and well tolerated agent for long term treatment of overactive bladder.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, England. paul_abrams@bui.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malone-Lee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacquetin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wyndaele
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003408:Cresols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate