title: Modelling aerosol processes related to the atmospheric dispersion of sarin.
abstract: We have developed mathematical models for evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of selected chemical warfare agents (CWA), including the evaporation and settling of contaminant liquid droplets. The models and numerical results presented may be utilised for designing protection and control measures against the conceivable use of CWA's. The model AERCLOUD (AERosol CLOUD) was extended to treat two nerve agents, sarin and VX, and the mustard agent. This model evaluates the thermodynamical evolution of a five-component aerosol mixture, consisting of two-component droplets together with the surrounding three-component gas. We have performed numerical computations with this model on the evaporation and settling of airborne sarin droplets in characteristic dispersal and atmospheric conditions. In particular, we have evaluated the maximum radii (r(M)) of a totally evaporating droplet, in terms of the ambient temperature and contaminant vapour concentration. The radii r(M) range from approximately 15-80 microm for sarin droplets for the selected ambient conditions and initial heights. We have also evaluated deposition fractions in terms of the initial droplet size.
authors.affiliation: Air Quality Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN-00810, Helsinki, Finland. jaakko.kukkonen@fmi.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kukkonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riikonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nikmo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jäppinen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nieminen
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D001272:Atmosphere; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D008433:Mathematics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000506:poisoning; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000506:poisoning; D012524:Sarin / Q000506:poisoning*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D012524:Sarin; C009680:VX-agent