title: Predictors of hazardous child seating behavior in fatal motor vehicle crashes: 1990 to 1998.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in children ages 5 to 14. Children seated in the front seats of vehicles are at increased risk of death and injury in crashes, particularly in vehicles with passenger-side air bags. This study identifies factors associated with the seating of children in the front seats of vehicles involved in fatal crashes between 1990 and 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 1990 to 1998 data from the Fatal Analysis Reporting System, a US census of motor vehicle crashes involving a fatality, multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association between child seating behavior and vehicle, driver, and occupant characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of vehicles carrying children in the front declined from 42% to 31% over the 9-year period. Controlling for driver and vehicle characteristics, the risk of front-seating declined between 1990 and 1998, and this risk was smaller in vehicles carrying only younger children (</=6 years) than in those carrying older children. In the 3 years after the introduction of dual air bags into a significant proportion of the passenger fleet in late 1995, dual air bags were associated with fewer children being seated in the front seat. By the end of 1998, traveling in a vehicle with dual air bags and only children age 6 or younger was associated with a 95% lower chance of a child being seated in the front (odds ratio = 0.05; 95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.08). An important factor in safer seating position was the presence of multiple passengers, especially an older one, and children were at higher risk of front-seating when they traveled alone with the driver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1990s saw a decline in front-seating of children in vehicles involved in fatal crashes among all types of vehicles and drivers. Although this trend is encouraging, children ages 6 to 12 and children traveling alone with the driver remain at higher risk of being seated in the front. These traveling situations should be targeted for behavioral safety interventions to improve child motor vehicle safety.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. eve_wittenberg@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wittenberg
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Goldie
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017278:Air Bags; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D010370:Pediatric Assistants; D010819:Physician's Role; D011187:Posture; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012622:Seat Belts