title: Interobserver variability in assessment of signs of TMD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this report was to study the ability of examiners to measure reliably the clinical signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Four examiners participated in this study of 11 TMD patients and 25 nonpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vertical and lateral excursions of the jaw were measured using a millimeter ruler. Joint sounds during vertical jaw movements were assessed using digital palpation. The reliability of delivering appropriate degrees of digital pressure to assess masticatory muscle pain was assessed using a manometer after training examiners to exert specified pressures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraclass correlation coefficients for the measurement of vertical and protrusive jaw movements were > or = 0.87, which was considered excellent. The intraclass correlation coefficient for measurements of left and right lateral jaw excursions varied between 0.73 and 0.85, which was considered acceptable. The interobserver agreement for detecting the joint sounds showed overall agreement across examiners of 78%. Kappa for every possible pair of examiners varied between .52 and .86 (median .75, interquartile range .18). Reliability for diagnostic categories from the Helkimo index and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders involving joint noises showed modest reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Point estimates and measures of spread for reliability measures of single clinical TMD signs as well as combinations of signs into diagnostic categories from the Helkimo index and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders involving joint noises were sufficient in a group of four examiners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 19, 06108 Halle, Saale, Germany. mike.john@medizin.uni-halie.de
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zwijnenburg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002138:Calibration; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000503:physiopathology; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D015588:Observer Variation; D010173:Palpation; D011312:Pressure; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013016:Sound; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology