title: Cyclic AMP inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways by inhibiting Rap1.
abstract: Cyclic AMP inhibited both ERK and Akt activities in rat C6 glioma cells. A constitutively active form of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) prevented cAMP from inhibiting Akt, suggesting that the inactivation of Akt by cAMP is a consequence of PI3K inhibition. Neither protein kinase A nor Epac (Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), two known direct effectors of cAMP, mediated the cAMP-induced inhibition of ERK and Akt phosphorylation. Cyclic AMP inhibited Rap1 activation in C6 cells. Moreover, inhibition of Rap1 by a Rap1 GTPase-activating protein-1 also resulted in a decrease in ERK and Akt phosphorylation, which was not further decreased by cAMP, suggesting that cAMP inhibits ERK and Akt by inhibiting Rap1. The role of Rap1 in ERK and Akt activity was further demonstrated by our observation that an active form of Epac, which activated Rap1 in the absence of cAMP, increased ERK and Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of ERK and/or PI3K pathways mediated the inhibitory effects of cAMP on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 gene expression. Moreover, cAMP, as well as ERK and PI3K inhibitors produced equivalent stimulation and inhibition, respectively, of p27(Kip1) and cyclin D2 protein levels, potentially explaining the observation that cAMP prevented C6 cells from entering S phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Adamo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins; C116122:RAPGEF3 protein, human; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat