title: Clinicopathological factors in early squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth, in Biscay (the Basque Country, Spain).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study is made of the main clinicopathological factors in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and floor of the mouth in the province of Vizcaya (Biscay) (The Basque Country, Spain), and their relation to patient prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was made of 40 patients with early (clinical stage I/II) SCC of the tongue and floor of the mouth. A previously designed protocol was used to record the clinical and histopathological data, which were subjected to descriptive and comparative bi- and multivariate statistical and survival analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 34 males and 6 females, with a mean age of 55.7 years (range 33-81). In 23 cases the SCC was located in the tongue, and in 17 cases in the floor of the mouth. The average tumor diameter was 2.6 cm; 65% of the neoplasms were ulcerated. The mean clinical course was 3.4 months, with an average tumor growth rate or velocity of 268 (Evans formula). Thirty-four patients were smokers and 33 consumed alcohol. All SCC of the floor of the mouth, and all regional recurrences, were diagnosed in smokers and drinkers. Survival at 5 years was 65%. Well differentiated SCC were diagnosed in 52.5% of cases. The average histological malignancy grade was 1.96, and was higher in males, tongue malignancies, T2 lesions, tumors with growth velocities above 200, and in recurrent neoplasms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early SCC of the tongue and floor of the mouth in Vizcaya affects mainly male smokers and drinkers of alcohol under the age of 60 years. A relationship is observed between the histopathological findings (particularly invasion mode and stage) and patient prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estomatología Universidad del País Vasco E.H.U. Leioa 48940 Vizcaya.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Conde
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013030:Spain; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery