title: Protein expression and cell organelle behavior in spermatogenic cells.
abstract: Spermatogenic cells stage-specifically produce a wide variety of proteins during spermatogenesis, wherein protein expression is coordinated with cell organelle behavior. It has been shown that the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are uniquely coordinated with the expression of an immunoglobulin super-family protein, flagellar plasma membrane MC31 (MC31/CE9), and a molecular chaperone, calmegin, respectively. When the Golgi apparatus begins to generate sperm components in the primary spermatocytes, it actively engages in producing proteins for the acrosome in round spermatids and for the flagellum in elongating spermatids. Structurally, the Golgi apparatus is reduced in size during meiotic division, moves from the apical to the basal region (cytoplasmic lobe) when spermatids differentiate from round to elongating phase, and then collapses in the late maturation phase. The ER is distributed uniformly over the entire cytoplasm of spermatocytes and round spermatids, and then moves distally toward the cytoplasmic lobe along the bundles of microtubule, called the manchette, in elongating spermatids. The ER is resorbed into the radial body in late maturation spermatids. MC31/CE9 expresses strong immunostaining twice on the Golgi apparatus during spermatogenesis, first in early pachytene spermatocytes and then in early elongating spermatids. Calmegin expression exactly parallels ER behavior. This mini-review focuses on the unique relationships in spermatogenic cells, particularly those between protein expression and cell organelle behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Cell Biology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toshimori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohoka
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones