title: Constitutive nitric oxide synthase is associated with retinal vascular permeability in early diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association between vascular permeability and constitutive nitric oxide synthase in rats with diabetes for a short duration (2 weeks).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal vascular permeability was evaluated in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin using vitreous fluorophotometry and a small animal adapter. We carried out in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to study the expression of endogenous constitutive nitric oxide synthase mRNA in diabetic retinas. We also examined changes in the protein expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in diabetic retinas using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal vascular permeability was significantly higher in diabetic rats (median, 1.09 arbitrary unit) compared with control rats (median, 0.69 arbitrary unit) (p < 0.05). The expression of both neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA was higher in diabetic retinas than in the retinas of control rats as determined by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting also showed that neuronal nitric oxide synthase increased in diabetic retinas. The immunohistochemistry of endothelial nitric oxide synthase indicated that non-vessel tissues increased in diabetic retinas while retinal vessels weakened. Western blotting showed that the amount of endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that increases in both constitutive NOSs (nNOS and eNOS) could be associated with retinal vascular permeability and that NOS is associated with clinical vascular dysfunction in the early stages of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takamiya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakagomi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012160:Retina / Q000201:enzymology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat