title: The effects of age on rate of progression of Alzheimer disease and dementia with associated cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relatively little is known about how cerebrovascular disease affects progression of dementia. Previous studies have found no differences in progression of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia, but these studies have not specifically examined age effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the rate of cognitive decline is different in Alzheimer disease compared with dementia with associated cerebrovascular disease in clinical and autopsy patient series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the longitudinal course of cognitive function as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in patients with clinically and neuropathologically diagnosed conditions evaluated through a university Alzheimer disease center. Clinical patients were grouped according to possible Alzheimer disease without stroke (n = 37), probable Alzheimer disease without stroke (n = 181), and dementia with stroke (n = 50). Autopsy cases were categorized into Alzheimer disease (n = 78) and dementia with vascular disease (n = 13). Data were analyzed using random-effects modeling of longitudinal change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant interaction between age and diagnosis in determining rate of change on the MMSE scores for both the clinical and autopsy samples. Rate of change decreased slightly with advancing age for Alzheimer disease groups, but increased with age for dementia with cerebrovascular disease groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dementia with cerebrovascular disease declined faster in patients 80 years and older compared with Alzheimer disease without associated cerebrovascular pathological conditions, but showed slower decline in patients younger than 80 years. This effect most likely reflects combined Alzheimer and vascular pathological conditions in older patients with cerebrovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA. dmmungas@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mungas
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jagust
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001344:Autopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male