title: The risk of stress incontinence 5 years after first delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the impact of a first pregnancy and delivery on the prevalence of stress incontinence 5 years afterward.
  
  
  METHODS
  This longitudinal cohort study included 278 women who were questioned after their first delivery and again 5 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of stress incontinence 5 years after a first delivery was 30%, and the 5-year incidence was 19%. The risk of stress incontinence 5 years after a first delivery was related to the onset and duration of symptoms after the first pregnancy and delivery in a "dose-response-like" manner. The use of vacuum extraction or episiotomy during the first delivery increased the risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First pregnancy and delivery may result in stress incontinence 5 years later. Women with incontinence 3 months after a first delivery have a particularly high risk of long-lasting symptoms. Obstetric risk factors are vacuum extraction and episiotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Glostrup County Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ndr. Ringvej 2600, Copenhagen, Denmark. viktrup@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viktrup
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lose
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014620:Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects