title: Rapid detection and typing of oculopathogenic strain of subgenus D adenoviruses by fiber-based PCR and restriction enzyme analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new detection and typing method of oculopathogenic strains of subgenus D adenoviruses directly from conjunctival scrapings by a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis (REA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A new PCR method using primer pairs of AF2/AR2, which are specific for the fiber genes, were developed to amplify 1150-bp products from nine oculopathogenic prototypes of subgenus D adenoviruses. Amplicons were cleaved with three restriction enzymes: DdeI, HinfI, and RsaI. Clinical specimens of 102 conjunctival scrapings were also evaluated by this PCR method. Restriction patterns of prototypes were used for the typing of clinical samples. Detection limit was determined by the PCR amplification of a known amount of purified adenovirus serotype 8 DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A novel PCR method based on the fiber genes allowed the amplification of nine oculopathogenic serotypes of subgenus D (Ad8, Ad9, Ad15, Ad17, Ad19, Ad22, Ad28, Ad37, and Ad39). As little as 38.4 fg of adenovirus type 8 could be detected by this method. Positive results were obtained from 48 of 102 samples (47%) by both hexon- and fiber-based PCR, whereas only 29 of 102 (28.4%) yielded positive results by culture isolation/neutralization test (NT). All positive specimens (29 samples) of culture isolation and PCR-RFLP methods showed positive results by our new fiber-based PCR method, and no positive products were detected from other subgenus of adenovirus or nonadenoviral DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A newly developed fiber-based PCR-REA method for the detection and typing of adenoviruses is faster than any former PCR methods. This all-in-1-day detection and typing method will be quite useful to the rapid diagnosis of subgenus D adenovirus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Adhikary
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Numaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaburaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yagyu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003236:Conjunctivitis, Viral / Q000821:virology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D000091402:Prohibitins; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015183:Restriction Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; C000717331:PHB2 protein, human; D000091402:Prohibitins