title: Hepatic resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: relation to gross tumor morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and biological behaviors related to the gross appearance of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent hepatic resection between 1986 and 1998 were divided into four groups according to the gross appearance of the tumor: ID (intraductal growth) type (n = 1), PD (periductal-infiltrating) type (n = 4), MF (mass-forming) type (n = 5), MF-with-PD type (n = 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 50.0%, 35.7%, and 35.7%, respectively. All three long-term survivors without recurrence had tumors unassociated with vascular invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, or lymph node metastasis. The MF and MF-with-PD tumors were more frequently associated with vascular invasion and/or lymph node metastasis than the ID or PD type. The Ki-67-positive grade of the cancer cells was clearly higher in the MF and MF-with-PD tumors than in the ID or PD type. All of the cases of MF-with-PD tumors were stage IV-A and had a poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extended hepatic resection with a sufficient surgical margin yielded good results in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients without vascular invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, or lymph node metastasis. However, it is necessary to develop a new effective strategy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, such as the MF-with-PD type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Japan. titamoto@mcai.med.hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dohi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen