title: Undiagnosed term breech: management and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the antenatal and intra-partum risk factors associated with undiagnosed breech at term and to compare their outcome with those diagnosed before the onset of labor, as well as identifying the determinants for cesarean section in breech presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study of 183 undiagnosed breech deliveries at term with those diagnosed before labor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between diagnosed term breech and undiagnosed breech deliveries with regards to maternal, neonatal outcome and incidence of cesarean section. Footling breech presentation, hypertension and failure to attend antenatal visits were independent risk factor for cesarean section in all case of breech.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Undiagnosed breech at term are not at increased risk for cesarean section and there is no additional maternal or fetal morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Babay
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Al-Nuaim
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Addar
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdulkarim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D001946:Breech Presentation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D015994:Incidence; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology