title: Distinct mesodermal signals, including BMPs from the septum transversum mesenchyme, are required in combination for hepatogenesis from the endoderm.
abstract: Mesodermal signaling is critical for patterning the embryonic endoderm into different tissue domains. Classical tissue transplant experiments in the chick and recent studies in the mouse indicated that interactions with the cardiogenic mesoderm are necessary and sufficient to induce the liver in the ventral foregut endoderm. Using molecular markers and functional assays, we now show that septum transversum mesenchyme cells, a distinct mesoderm cell type, are closely apposed to the ventral endoderm and contribute to hepatic induction. Specifically, using a mouse Bmp4 null mutation and an inhibitor of BMPs, we find that BMP signaling from the septum transversum mesenchyme is necessary to induce liver genes in the endoderm and to exclude a pancreatic fate. BMPs apparently function, in part, by affecting the levels of the GATA4 transcription factor, and work in parallel to FGF signaling from the cardiac mesoderm. BMP signaling also appears critical for morphogenetic growth of the hepatic endoderm into a liver bud. Thus, the endodermal domain for the liver is specified by simultaneous signaling from distinct mesodermal sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Zaret
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000502:physiology*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005838:Genotype; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009024:Morphogenesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D016335:Zinc Fingers; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse