title: Intravenous administration of the natriuretic peptide urodilatin at low doses during coronary reperfusion limits infarct size in anesthetized pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been shown that cGMP content is reduced in post-ischemic myocardium, and that stimulation of cGMP synthesis prevents cardiomyocyte hypercontracture and cell death in vitro. This study was aimed at determining whether administration of the natriuretic peptide urodilatin (URO) at the time of reperfusion could limit myocardial cell death secondary to transient coronary occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relation between cGMP content in reperfused myocardium and the extent of cell death was investigated in isolated rat hearts (n=62) receiving different URO concentrations during initial reperfusion. The dose of intravenous URO necessary to obtain the targeted increase in cGMP in reperfused myocardium was investigated in ten pigs submitted to transient coronary occlusion (CO), and the effect of two selected doses of URO on infarct size was investigated in 22 pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cGMP was severely reduced in post-ischemic rat hearts. Addition of 0.01 microM URO during the first 15 min of reperfusion had no effect on myocardial cGMP content, functional recovery or LDH release in hearts submitted to 40 or 60 min of ischemia. At 0.05 microM, URO increased myocardial cGMP to 111% of values in normoxic hearts, improved functional recovery (P=0.01) and reduced peak LDH released by 40% (P=0.02). The beneficial effect of urodilatin was abolished by ANP receptor inhibition. At 1 microM, URO increased cGMP in reperfused myocardium to 363% of normoxic controls and had no beneficial effect. In pigs allocated to 47 min of CO and 5 min of reperfusion, cGMP was markedly reduced in reperfused myocardium. Intravenous URO at 10 ng/kg per min during the first 25 min of reperfusion normalized myocardial cGMP after 5 min of reflow (95% of control myocardium), and reduced infarct size by 40% (P=0.04). At 50 ng/kg per min, urodilatin increased myocardial cGMP in reperfused myocardium to 335% of control myocardium and failed to significantly reduce infarct size (46 vs. 66%, P=0.125). None of these doses had detectable hemodynamic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous low-dose URO at the time of reperfusion normalizes myocardial cGMP and limits necrosis. Large doses of URO increasing myocardial cGMP well over normal values may lack this beneficial effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia-Dorado
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agulló
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barrabés
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inserte
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Escalona
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirabet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soler-Soler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C056452:Ularitide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D006152:Cyclic GMP