title: Effects of repeated exposure of rats to JP-5 or JP-8 jet fuel vapor on neurobehavioral capacity and neurotransmitter levels.
abstract: The U.S. Naval Service is anticipating transition from the nearly exclusive use of JP-5 jet fuel to predominant use of JP-8, consistent with the primary utilization by the U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and the militaries of most NATO countries. To compare the relative risk of repeated exposure to JP-5 versus JP-8 vapor, groups of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats each were exposed for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 6 wk (180 h) to JP-8 jet fuel vapor (1,000 +/- 10% mg/m3), IP-5 vapor (1,200 +/- 10% mg/m3), or room air control conditions. Following a 65-d rest period, rats completed 10 tests selected from the Neurobehavioral Toxicity Assessment Battery (NTAB) to evaluate changes in performance capacity. Repeated exposure to JP-5 resulted in significant effects on only one test, forelimb grip strength (FGS), while exposure to JP-8 vapor resulted in a significant difference versus controls on appetitive reinforcer approach sensitization (ARAS). Rats were further evaluated for concentrations of major neurotransmitters and metabolites in five brain regions and in the blood serum. Levels of dopamine, the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and the serotonin metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were significantly modulated in various brain regions, as measured 85+ d postexposure. Similarly, serum levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were differentially modulated following JP-8 or JP-5 exposure. Results are compared to previously published research evaluating the neurotoxicity of repeated exposure to other hydrocarbon fuels and solvents.
authors.affiliation: Naval Health Research Center Detachment-Toxicology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Nordholm
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Malcomb
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000097:blood; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; C029662:JP5 jet fuel; D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid