title: Impact of health technology assessment on preventive screening in Belgium: case studies of mammography in breast cancer, PSA screening in prostate cancer, and ultrasound in normal pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe how scientific evidence has influenced healthcare policy making in Belgium in the field of sickness prevention for mammography, PSA testing in prostate cancer screening, and use of ultrasound in pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of published and gray literature and interviews with stakeholders and experts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of 1999, a systematic national/regional screening program had not yet been implemented for any of the three screening strategies. A systematic breast cancer screening program is being prepared for implementation only in Flanders. This limited impact can be attributed to the fragmentation in healthcare policy, the different options among the different regions, fragmentation in healthcare practice, the strong impact of healthcare stakeholders (provider groups and sickness funds) on decision making, and limited attention to scientific evidence in health policy and technology assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health technology assessment has had very little impact on policy and practice in use of mammography, PSA testing, and ultrasound in pregnancy in Belgium.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research, University of Leuven.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coppens
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kesteloot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001530:Belgium; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen