title: Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among at-risk women, young sex workers, and street youth attending community organizations in Quebec City, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite a relatively recent decline in the global incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae it seems that some segments of the population such as street youth, sex workers, and individuals with social problems or delinquent behavior could be part of a core group for STDs. These persons may be reluctant to undergo STD diagnosis in traditional medical settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae infection using polymerase chain reaction on urine samples among subjects attending an anonymous HIV testing clinic and four community organizations in Quebec City, and to identify associated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 626 street youth, sex workers, and women with social problems or delinquent behavior was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalences of N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis were, respectively, 1.1% (95% CI, 0.5%--2.3%) and 5.8% (95% CI, 4.1%--7.9%). No significant difference was found between men and women, but the sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence was much higher in subjects younger than 20 years: 11.4% versus 3.6% (P < 0.01). In a logistic regression model, factors independently associated with STD infection were age younger than 20 years (OR, 2.6; P = 0.007), occasional sex partners (OR, 2.9; P = 0.007), and injection of drugs (OR, 2.8; P = 0.002) in the preceding 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A moderate STD prevalence was found in the study population. The prevalence, however, can be considered high (>10%) among street youth and young sex workers. Providing community-based STD screening and treatment services appear to be an efficient method for reaching these high-risk groups.
authors.affiliation: Direction Régionale de la Santé Publique de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poulin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alary
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carbonneau
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boily
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Joly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018453:Homeless Youth / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial