title: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the fast identification of PVC-based films.
abstract: Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to develop a non-destructive and rapid qualitative method for the analysis of plastic films used by the pharmaceutical industry for blistering. Three types of films were investigated: 250 microm PVC [poly(vinyl chloride)] films, 250 microm PVC films coated with 40 g m(-2) of PVDC [poly(vinylidene dichloride)] and 250 microm PVC films coated with 5 g m(-2) of TE (Thermoelast) and 90 g m(-2) of PVDC. Three analyses were carried out using different pre-treatment options and a PLS (partial least squares) algorithm. Each analysis was aimed at identifying one type of film and rejecting all types of false sample (different thickness, colour or layer). True and false samples from four plastics manufacturers were included in the calibration sets in order to obtain robust methods that were suitable regardless of the supplier. Specificity was demonstrated by testing validation sets against the methods. The tests showed 0% of type I (false negative identification) and 1% of type II errors (false positive identification) for the PVC method, 13 and 3%, respectively, for the PVC-PVDC method and no error for the PVC-TE-PVDC method. Type II errors, mostly due to the slight sensitivity of the methods to film thickness, are easily corrected by simple thickness measurements. This study demonstrates that NIR spectroscopy is an excellent tool for the identification of PVC-based films. The three methods can be used by the pharmaceutical industry or plastics manufacturers for the quality control of films used in blister packaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laasonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rantanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harmia-Pulkkinen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michiels
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vuorela
mesh_terms: D004349:Drug Packaging; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000032:analysis*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride