title: Methylphenidate in children with hyperactivity: review and cost-utility analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of methylphenidate in the treatment of children with hyperkinetic disorder as defined using ICD-10 criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive literature review and cost utility analysis comparing methylphenidate treatment with placebo. Costs and effects were estimated from a NHS perspective according to the methodology developed by the previous South and West Development and Evaluation Committee. The number of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) gained was estimated by using the Index of Health Related Quality of Life to model treatment effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence from good and medium quality randomized controlled trials shows benefits of methylphenidate over weeks and months respectively. Evidence beyond 6 months is poorer and it is uncertain whether effects of methylphenidate persist into adolescence and adulthood. Methylphenidate is of reasonable cost-effectiveness when considering short- and medium- term benefits with an estimated cost per QALY of 7 pounds 400 to 9 pounds 200 at 1997 prices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term treatment of hyperkinetic children with methylphenidate is effective and cost effective.
authors.affiliation: ECOHOST, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. anna.gilmore@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Milne
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D002648:Child; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D008774:Methylphenidate