title: Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine survival factor for neuropilin-expressing breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: We identify a novel function for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in its ability to stimulate an autocrine signaling pathway in metastatic breast carcinoma cells that is essential for their survival. Suppression of VEGF expression in metastatic cells in vitro induced their apoptosis, in addition to inhibiting the constitutively elevated phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity that is characteristic of these cells and important for their survival. Hypoxia enhanced the survival of metastatic cells by increasing VEGF expression. The importance of the VEGF receptor neuropilin was indicated by the ability of a neuropilin-binding VEGF isoform to enhance breast carcinoma survival. Moreover, the expression of neuropilin in neuropilin-deficient breast carcinoma cells protected them from apoptosis. The identification of this VEGF autocrine signaling pathway has important implications for tumor metastasis and therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bachelder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crago
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mercurio
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D039942:Neuropilin-1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008222:Lymphokines; D009025:Morpholines; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D039942:Neuropilin-1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one