title: [Fabrication of tissue engineered skin equivalent].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To fabricate artificial human skin with the tissue engineering methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The artificial epidermis and dermis were fabricated based on the successful achievements of culturing human keratinocytes(Kc) and fibroblasts (Fb) as well as fabrication of collagen lattice. It included: 1. Culture of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts: Kc isolated from adult foreskin by digestion of trypsin-dispase. Followed by comparison from aspects of proliferation, differentiation of the Kc, overgrowth of Fb and cost-benefits. 2. Fabrication of extracellular matrix sponge: collagen was extracted from skin by limited pepsin digestion, purified with primary and step salt fraction, and identified by SDS-PAGE. The matrix lattice was fabricated by freeze-dryer and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, in which the collagen appeared white, fibrous, connected and formed pores with average dimension of 180 to 260 microns. 3. Fabrication artificial human skin: The artificial skin was fabricated by plating subcultured Kc and Fb separately into the lattice with certain cell density, cultured for one week or so under culture medium, then changed to air-liquid interface, and cultured for intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The artificial skin was composed of dermis and epidermis under light microscope. Epidermis of the skin consisted of Kc at various proliferation and differentiation stages, which proliferated and differentiated into basal cell layer, prickle cell layer, granular layer, and cornified layer. Conifilament not only increased in number, but also gathered into bundles. Keratohyalin granules at different development stages increased and became typical. The kinetic process of biochemistry of the skin was coincide with the changes on morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue engineered skin equivalent has potential prospects in application of repairing skin defect with advantages of safe, effective and practical alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Engineering, Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun JiLin, P. R. China 130021.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: W Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D023822:Tissue Engineering