title: Low-reflection-coefficient liquid interfaces for system characterization.
abstract: The use of liquid brominated hydrocarbons to form a planar reflecting interface with water is described. Gravity-based planar reflecting surfaces with known reflection coefficients can be used in system characterization for quantitative ultrasonics, and a set of surfaces with a range of reflection coefficients allows calibration of the output power and receiver gain of ultrasonic imaging systems. The substances reported here are immiscible in water and form interfaces with water, resulting in a broad range of acoustic reflection coefficients. Reflection coefficients were measured at temperatures from 18-24 degrees C for "pure" substances and for mixtures of two brominated hydrocarbons. Results show that reflection coefficients are weakly dependent on temperature and that, at a specific temperature, a significant range of arbitrarily small reflection coefficients is available, in the case of the mixtures, by the appropriate choice of weight-percents of the two brominated hydrocarbons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7234, USA. thall@kumc.edu
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D012015:Reference Standards; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D014867:Water