title: Hemodynamic effects of S-nitrosocysteine, an intravenous regional vasodilator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S-nitrosocysteine is a carrier form of nitric oxide that can be delivered intravenously. S-nitrosocysteine is rapidly metabolized by plasma (half-life = 2-3 seconds), forming nitric oxide and cysteine. With its short half-life and potent vasodilatory properties, S-nitrosocysteine may be useful as a pulmonary vasodilating agent in cases of postoperative and chronic pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the hemodynamic properties of S-nitrosocysteine on the pulmonary and systemic circulations to assess its potential utility as a pulmonary vasodilatory agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven adult swine were anesthetized. Thermodilution (Swan-Ganz; Baxter International, Inc, Deerfield, Ill) and arterial catheters were inserted. Flow probes were placed around the coronary, renal, superior mesenteric, and iliac arteries. Incremental infusion doses of S-nitrosocysteine (5-80 nmol. kg(-1). min(-1)) were delivered into the right atrium. Cardiac output, right and left heart pressures, heart rate, Pao(2), and iliac, renal, coronary, and mesenteric blood flow rates were recorded at baseline and at each infusion dose of S-nitrosocysteine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-dose S-nitrosocysteine infusion decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure (15%, P =.013) without a significant reduction in mean systemic artery pressure. Higher dose infusions produced further dose-dependent declines in pulmonary vascular resistance and measurable reductions in systemic vascular resistance (P =.01). At an S-nitrosocysteine dosage of 40 nmol. kg(-1). min(-1), there was a significant reduction in renal (P <.001) and mesenteric (P =.003) blood flow but no change in iliac (P >.2) or coronary (P >.2) blood flow. Cardiac output remained constant up to infusion rates of 40 nmol. kg(-1). min(-1) (P >.2). Doses higher than 5 nmol. kg(-1). min(-1) resulted in a substantial dose-dependent reduction in Pao(2) (P <.001), suggesting dilation of atelectatic areas of the lung.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S-nitrosocysteine is a potent vasodilatory agent capable of overcoming the hypoxic vasoconstrictive response of the lung. Our results suggest it may prove useful as a pulmonary vasodilatory agent at low doses. Higher dose infusions reduce mean systemic pressure and lead to compensatory reductions in renal and mesenteric blood flow without a decrease in cardiac output.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Stuesse
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vlessis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Trunkey
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C021315:S-nitrosocysteine; D003545:Cysteine