title: Adaptive behavior in stressful situations and stroke incidence in hypertensive men: results from prospective cohort study "men born in 1914" in Malmö, Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, many hypertensive persons remain healthy. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether adaptation in a stressful situation was associated with the incidence of stroke in hypertensive men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-eight hypertensive men were followed from baseline in 1982/1983 until first stroke, death, or December 31, 1996. Adaptation to stress was studied with the serial Color-Word Test. In the Regression dimension, 4 patterns of adaptation could be distinguished according to mastering of the test. Successful mastering of the test was shown in stabilized patterns, increasing difficulty in cumulative patterns, fluctuating difficulty in dissociative patterns, and fluctuating difficulty that increased during testing in cumulative-dissociative patterns. The patterns were compared regarding stroke incidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three men experienced a stroke during follow-up. Stroke rates per 1000 person-years were 12.6 for men with stabilized patterns, 14.3 for men with cumulative patterns, 16.2 for men with dissociative patterns, and 31.2 for men with cumulative-dissociative patterns. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for relevant cerebrovascular risk factors, showed that the cumulative-dissociative pattern of the Regression dimension was associated with an increased risk of stroke during follow-up (relative risk 3.00, 95% CI 1.32 to 6.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The specific behavior pattern, characterized by the greatest difficulties in managing the test, was associated with incidence of stroke in hypertensive men. One interpretation is that hypertensive men who chronically fail to find successful strategies in stressful situations are vulnerable to the damaging effects of stress and thereby at an increased risk of a future stroke.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. Lena.Andre-Petersson@psychology.lu.ses
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: André-Petersson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janzon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000145:classification; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology