title: Different expression of androgen receptor coactivators in human prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of androgen receptor (AR) coactivators in the human prostate for a better understanding of androgen action in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we examined the expression levels of AR coactivators (ARA55, SRC1, ARA54, TIF2, RAC3) in four prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, PC3, LNCaP, and LN-TR2), nine benign prostatic tissue samples, and 21 prostate cancer tissue specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cell lines, SRC1 was expressed ubiquitously at almost equal amounts. Contrary to this, ARA55, ARA54, TIF2, and RAC3 displayed cell line-specific expression. In the LN-TR2 cells, established from LNCaP cells by long-term treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the expression levels of ARA55 and TIF2 were much higher than those in the LNCaP cells. In every prostatic tissue specimen, the expression levels of TIF2 and RAC3 were very low. The expression levels of ARA55 and SRC1 were higher in the cancer specimens with a higher grade or poor response to endocrine therapy than in those with a lower grade or good response to endocrine therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostate cancer cells express AR coactivators. Long-term stimulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha could increase ARA55 and TIF2 expression in LNCaP cells. The different expression of coactivators may contribute to the different response of prostate cancer to androgenic stimulation or endocrine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizokami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D037222:Collectins; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008297:Male; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; C422442:COLEC12 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D037222:Collectins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C498001:NCOA2 protein, human; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C118499:RNF14 protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; C490351:TGFB1I1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3