title: Advancement flap umbilicoplasty after abdominal wall closure: postoperative results compared with normal umbilical anatomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Umbilical reconstruction frequently is an adjunct used after repair of congenital abdominal wall defects. The authors describe a new technique of umbilicoplasty and compare their results with normal neonatal umbilical anatomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  After fascial closure, 6 newborn infants with either gastroschisis (n = 3) or omphalocele (n = 3) underwent umbilicoplasty performed by advancing bilateral skin flaps including creation of an umbilical skin collar. The umbilical collar height, circumference, and distance from the xiphoid with respect to the pubis (ratio of xiphoid-umbilicus distance to xiphoid-pubis distance or XU:XP) were recorded and referenced to normal umbilical anatomy in additional 28 infants (24 to 40 weeks gestation [mean, 33.2 weeks] and age 2 to 131 days [mean, 26.5 days]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After umbilicoplasty, all infants had a near-normal-appearing umbilicus (collar height, 0.75 +/- 0.25 cm and circumference, 5.24 +/- 1.20 cm) compared with normal umbilical anatomy (collar height, 4.36 +/- 1.32 cm and circumference, 1.03 +/- 0.38 cm). However, after umbilicoplasty, the neoumbilicus was positioned more cephalad (XU:XP = 0.53 +/-.05) compared with normal (mean XU:XP, 0.67 +/- 0.07). The only complication encountered was a small dehiscence of the superior aspect of the abdominal wound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Closure of abdominal wall defects with simultaneous umbilicoplasty provides a cosmetically pleasing result. When performing umbilicoplasty, attempt should be made to position the neoumbilicus as inferior as possible, optimally at two thirds the distance from the xiphoid to the pubis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Greenholz
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Huffman
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000601:surgery*; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology