title: Calculation of beta-ray dose distributions from ophthalmic applicators and comparison with measurements in a model eye.
abstract: Dose distributions throughout the eye, from three types of beta-ray ophthalmic applicators, were calculated using the EGS4, ACCEPT 3.0, and other Monte Carlo codes. The applicators were those for which doses were measured in a recent international intercomparison [Med. Phys. 28, 1373 (2001)], planar applicators of 106Ru-106Rh and 90Sr-90Y and a concave 106Ru-106Rh applicator. The main purpose was to compare the results of the various codes with average experimental values. For the planar applicators, calculated and measured doses on the source axis agreed within the experimental errors (<10%) to a depth of 7 mm for 106Ru-106Rh and 5 mm for 90Sr-90Y. At greater distances the measured values are larger than those calculated. For the concave 106Ru-106Rh applicator, there was poor agreement among available calculations and only those calculated by ACCEPT 3.0 agreed with measured values. In the past, attempts have been made to derive such dose distributions simply, by integrating the appropriate point-source dose function over the source. Here, we investigated the accuracy of this procedure for encapsulated sources, by comparing such results with values calculated by Monte Carlo. An attempt was made to allow for the effects of the silver source window but no corrections were made for scattering from the source backing. In these circumstances, at 6 mm depth, the difference in the results of the two calculations was 14%-18% for a planar 106Ru-l06Rh applicator and up to 30% for the concave applicator. It becomes worse at greater depths. These errors are probably caused mainly by differences between the spectrum of beta particles transmitted by the silver window and those transmitted by a thickness of water having the same attenuation properties.
authors.affiliation: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Canada. wcross@magma.ca
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hokkanen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mourtada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sipilä
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vynckier
mesh_terms: D001610:Beta Particles; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012238:Rhodium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014867:Water; D014962:X-Ray Film; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes; D014867:Water; D012428:Ruthenium; D012238:Rhodium