title: Race as a predictor of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of race on the results of a standardized evaluation of urinary incontinence and prolapse in African Americans and Caucasians.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an analysis of 183 African Americans and 132 Caucasians referred consecutively for symptoms associated with urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, or both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genuine stress incontinence, detrusor instability, mixed incontinence, or other condition was diagnosed in 22%, 30%, 16%, and 32% of the African-American subjects, respectively, compared with 46%, 13%, 11%, and 31% of the Caucasian subjects (P =.001). There was no significant racial difference in the presence or severity of pelvic organ prolapse. With the use of stepwise logistic regression to compare risk factors for incontinence, Caucasian race was the most significant predictor of genuine stress incontinence (odds ratio 2.21; 95% confidence interval 1.31-3.73), and African-American race was the only significant predictor of detrusor instability (odds ratio 2.6; 95% confidence interval 1.45-4.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for and conditions of urinary incontinence differed significantly between African-American and Caucasian women in this population. Racial differences in risk factors and in prevalence of incontinence subtypes may have importance for the diagnosis and prevention of urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Mallett
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D010298:Parity; D011312:Pressure; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology; D014563:Urodynamics; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American