title: Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging defecography: a diagnostic alternative in the assessment of pelvic floor disorders in proctology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Standard diagnostic proctologic procedures in the assessment of pelvic floor disorders include clinical evaluation and endoscopy. Particular aspects of combined pelvic floor disorders, especially those involving more than one pelvic compartment, may remain undetected without additional technical diagnostic procedures such as videoproctoscopy, cinedefecography, or colpocystodefecography. The aim of the study was to review the potentials of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging defecography to elucidate the underlying anatomic and pathophysiologic background of pelvic floor disorders in proctologic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging defecography was performed in 20 Patients (13 females) with main diagnoses such as rectal prolapse or intussusception, rectocele, descending perineum, fecal incontinence, outlet obstruction, and dyskinetic puborectalis muscle after clinical evaluation. The investigation was performed on a 1.5 T-magnetic resonance imaging machine in supine position. The rectum was filled with Gd-DTPA enriched ultrasound gel. First a T1/T2 weighted investigation of the pelvis was performed, followed by defecography with evacuation of the rectum. Images were obtained in a sagittal plane in a frequency of 1 image/second (true FISP) at rest and during straining. The obtained magnetic resonance imaging video tapes were analyzed off-line with cinematographic evaluation of bladder base, uterus, and anal canal position in relation to the pubococcygeal line by a blinded radiologist. Investigation time was 20 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In dynamic magnetic resonance imaging defecography of the pelvic floor, 12 patients with descending perineum, 10 rectoceles (10 females), 6 cystoceles (6 females), 4 enteroceles (4 females), 8 intussusceptions (5 females), and a dyskinetic puborectalis muscle in 3 males were detected. In 11 females and 3 males multifocal disorders were found, involving more than one compartment in females, whereas in males complex defects were restricted to the posterior compartment. Magnetic resonance imaging defecography revealed diagnoses consistent with clinical results in 77.3 percent and defects in addition to clinical diagnoses in combined pelvic floor disorders in 34 percent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In complex pelvic floor disorders, involving more than a single defect, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging represents a convenient diagnostic procedure in females and to a lesser extent in males, in particular in terms of dynamic imaging of pelvic floor organs during defecation. In addition to the clinical assessment, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging had clinical impact in proctologic and interdisciplinary treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rentsch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paetzel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenhart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feuerbach
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jauch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fürst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology*; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D020047:Rectocele / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors