title: A 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in patients with mild to moderate AD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of donepezil versus placebo over 1 year in patients with mild to moderate AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 286; mean age, 72.5 years) with possible or probable AD from five Northern European countries were randomized to receive either donepezil (n = 142; 5 mg/day for 28 days, followed by 10 mg/day) or placebo (n = 144) for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was completed by 66.9% of the donepezil- and 67.4% of the placebo-treated patients. The benefit of donepezil over placebo was demonstrated by the Gottfries-Bråne-Steen (a global assessment for rating dementia symptoms) total score at weeks 24, 36, and 52 (p < 0.05) and at the study end point (week 52, last observation carried forward; p = 0.054). Advantages of donepezil over placebo were also observed in cognition and activities of daily living (ADL) assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination at weeks 24, 36, and 52, and the end point (p < 0.02) and by the Progressive Deterioration Scale at week 52 and the end point (p < 0.05). Adverse events (AE) were recorded for 81.7% of donepezil- and 75.7% of placebo-treated patients, with 7% of donepezil- and 6.3% of placebo-treated patients discontinuing because of AE. Treatment response to donepezil was not predicted by APOE genotype or sex in this population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the first 1-year, multinational, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of a cholinesterase inhibitor in AD, these data support donepezil as a well tolerated and effective long-term treatment for patients with AD, with benefits over placebo on global assessment, cognition, and ADL.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Huddinge Hospital B, Stockholm, Sweden. Bengt.Winblad@neurotec.ki.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engedal
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waldemar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wimo
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wetterholm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Subbiah
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077265:Donepezil; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil