title: Whole-body 18F dopa PET for detection of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate fluorine 18 (18F) dopa positron emission tomography (PET) in comparison with established imaging procedures in gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  After evaluation of the normal distribution of 18F dopa, 17 patients with histologically confirmed tumors were examined with 18F dopa PET. Results of 2-[fluorine 18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET, somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy, and morphologic imaging (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) were available for all patients. Results of the procedures were evaluated by two radiologists and two nuclear medicine specialists, whose consensus based on all available histologic, imaging, and follow-up findings was used as the reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two tumors were diagnosed: eight primary tumors, 47 lymph node metastases, and 37 organ metastases. 18F dopa PET led to 60 true-positive findings (seven primary tumors, 41 lymph node metastases, 12 organ metastases); FDG PET, 27 (two primary tumors, 14 lymph node metastases, 11 organ metastases); somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy, 52 (four primary tumors, 27 lymph node metastases, 21 organ metastases); and morphologic imaging, 67 (two primary tumors, 29 lymph node metastases, 36 organ metastases). This resulted in the following overall sensitivities: 18F dopa PET, 65% (60 of 92); FDG PET, 29% (27 of 92); somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy, 57% (52 of 92); morphologic procedures, 73% (67 of 92). Although the morphologic procedures were most sensitive for organ metastases, 18F dopa PET enabled best localization of primary tumors and lymph node staging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  18F dopa PET is a promising procedure and useful supplement to morphologic methods in diagnostic imaging of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoegerle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Altehoefer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheruebl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nitzsche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine