title: Association between terbinafine and arthralgia, fever and urticaria: symptoms or syndrome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antifungal agent terbinafine has been approved for marketing in The Netherlands since 1992. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may occur in about 10% of the patients, the majority gastrointestinal disorders and skin reactions. Since the introduction of terbinafine, the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Foundation Lareb received eight reports of arthralgia during the use of this drug. In four reports the additional presence of skin reactions was mentioned, two of these reports concerned urticaria. Two patients who reported arthralgia also had a fever. These reports were described in more detail, and analysed statistically in order to determine whether symptoms are interrelated.
  
  
  METHODS
  All reports with known gender and a reporting date between 1 March 1992 and 1 January 1999, concerning patients older than 10 years, were included. The extent to which the symptoms urticaria, fever and arthralgia were interrelated was examined by logistic regression modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case series as well as the results of the statistical analysis show a clustering of symptoms among reports of patients using terbinafine. Both urticaria and arthralgia were statistically significantly associated with reports on terbinafine compared to all other reports in the database.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings might point towards a clustering of these symptoms in patients using terbinafine. Possibly these symptoms have a shared aetiology, presumably an immunological reaction.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Foundation Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch. e.vanPuijenbroek@Lareb.nl
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: van Puijenbroek
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Egberts
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Meyboom
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leufkens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009426:Netherlands; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology; D013577:Syndrome; D000077291:Terbinafine; D014581:Urticaria / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D000077291:Terbinafine