title: Nuclear export of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr is not required for virion packaging.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr protein is both packaged into virions and efficiently localized to the nucleus. In this report, we show that a significant fraction of Vpr also accumulates in the cytoplasm of virus-producing cells. Although Vpr shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, studies with an export-deficient Vpr mutant reveal that nuclear export is not required for virion incorporation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6148, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Malim
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism*; D019065:Virus Assembly / Q000502:physiology*; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus