title: Inguinal hernia after radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a study of incidence and risk factors in comparison to no operation and lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence, mechanisms and risk factors of inguinal hernia after radical retropubic prostatectomy are sparsely elucidated in the literature. We determined the rate of inguinal hernia after radical retropubic prostatectomy and compared it to the incidence in patients with prostate cancer who did not undergo operation or underwent only pelvic lymph node dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed 375, 184 and 65 men who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection, pelvic lymph node dissection only and no surgery with respect to inguinal hernia for a mean of 39, 47 and 45 months, respectively. The prostatectomy group was also evaluated in regard to the potential risk factors of previous hernia surgery and post-prostatectomy anastomotic stricture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of hernia was 13.6%, 7.6% and 3.1% in the prostatectomy, lymph node dissection and unoperated group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant in the prostatectomy and unoperated groups according to the Mantel-Cox log rank test and Cox proportional hazards rate. Previous hernial surgery and post-prostatectomy anastomotic stricture were more common in patients with an inguinal hernia after prostatectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of inguinal hernia is clearly increased in men who have undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection compared with those who undergo no surgery for prostate cancer. Inguinal hernia appears to develop more often in men with prostate cancer who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection than in those who undergo pelvic lymph node dissection only. While surgical factors trigger hernial development, previous hernial surgery and post-prostatectomy anastomotic stricture may be important risk factors. In fact, the latter may largely explain the difference in the incidence of inguinal hernia in our lymph node dissection and prostatectomy groups. Prophylactic surgical procedures must be evaluated to address this problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lodding
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergdahl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pileblad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stranne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hugosson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors