title: Academic detailing to improve use of broad-spectrum antibiotics at an academic medical center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic misuse is common and costly and may promote antibiotic resistance. We tested the efficacy of a targeted one-on-one educational program ("academic detailing") designed to improve the appropriateness of broad-spectrum antibiotic use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a large US teaching hospital. During an 18-week study period, 17 general medical, oncology, and cardiology services either received academic detailing or did not. The intervention was prompted by an order for either levofloxacin or ceftazidime that led to a computer-based review of data for that patient. Orders for the 2 target antibiotics deemed unnecessary by a priori criteria were included in the study. The primary outcome examined was the number of days that unnecessary levofloxacin or ceftazidime was administered in intervention and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the trial, intervention and control services had similar prescribing patterns for the target antibiotics; the drugs were used for similar indications throughout the study period. During the intervention, there was a reduction of 37% in days of unnecessary levofloxacin or ceftazidime use per 2-week interval on services randomized to the educational intervention vs control services (P< .001). In multivariable analyses controlling for baseline prescribing and study interval, the rate of unnecessary use of the 2 target antibiotics was reduced by 41% on the intervention services compared with controls (95% confidence interval, 44%-78%; P< .001). Length of stay, intensive care unit transfers, readmission rates, and in-hospital death rates were similar in both groups (P> or =.10 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted one-on-one education is a practical, effective, and safe method for reducing excessive broad-spectrum antibiotic use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Suite 341, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dhsolomon@partners.org
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Houten
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baden
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schrager
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avorn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001900:Boston; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D064704:Levofloxacin; D002442:Ceftazidime; D015242:Ofloxacin