title: Evidence for a disease-resistance pathway in rice similar to the NPR1-mediated signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 gene is a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Over-expression of NPR1 leads to enhanced resistance in Arabidopsis. To investigate the role of NPR1 in monocots, we over-expressed the Arabidopsis NPR1 in rice and challenged the transgenic plants with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the rice bacterial blight pathogen. The transgenic plants displayed enhanced resistance to Xoo. RNA blot hybridization indicates that enhanced resistance requires expression of NPR1 mRNA above a threshold level in rice. To identify components mediating the resistance controlled by NPR1, we used NPR1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen. We isolated four cDNA clones encoding rice NPR1 interactors (named rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2, rTGA2.3 and rLG2) belonging to the bZIP family. rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2 and rTGA2.3 share 75, 76 and 78% identity with Arabidopsis TGA2, respectively. In contrast, rLG2 shares highest identity (81%) to the maize liguleless (LG2) gene product, which is involved in establishing the leaf blade-sheath boundary. The interaction of NPR1 with the rice bZIP proteins in yeast was impaired by the npr1-1 and npr1-2 mutations, but not by the nim1-4 mutation. The NPR1-rTGA2.1 interaction was confirmed by an in vitro pull-down experiment. In gel mobility shift assays, rTGA2.1 binds to the rice RCH10 promoter and to a cis-element required sequence-specifically for salicylic acid responsiveness. This is the first demonstration that the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene can enhance disease resistance in a monocot plant. These results also suggest that monocot and dicot plants share a conserved signal transduction pathway controlling NPR1-mediated resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chern
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Canlas
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ronald
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011494:Protein Kinases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C066958:NPR1 protein, S cerevisiae; D011494:Protein Kinases