Intraperitoneal blood exacerbates the remote inflammatory response to murine peritonitis.
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the effects of intra-abdominal blood on the systemic response to peritonitis using a murine model of hemorrhage, peritonitis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.


METHODS
The model used male ICR mice subjected to hemorrhage and intraperitoneal zymosan. Half of the mice received intraperitoneal blood. Outcome measures included lung myeloperoxidase, lung edema, lung injury score, and plasma and lung tissue chemokine production.


RESULTS
Peritoneal blood (in association with peritoneal inflammation) increased lung neutrophil sequestration (myeloperoxidase) (2.56 +/- 1.42 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.49 U/left lung, p = 0.04) and lung weight (0.11 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.07 +/- 0.02 g/left lung, p = 0.02), and was associated with significantly higher chemokine levels in plasma (KC and MCP-1) and lung tissue (KC, MIP-2, and MCP-1). Both plasma and lung tissue neutrophil chemoattractants KC and MIP-2 were significantly linearly correlated with myeloperoxidase (p < 0.009), and lung tissue KC (a neutrophil chemokine) and MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha (mononuclear cell chemokines) correlated with lung injury score (p < 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Although blood alone in the peritoneal cavity was well tolerated, in conjunction with inflammation, it was synergistic in amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. The amplified lung injury in this model was associated with significant increases in circulating and lung tissue chemokine concentrations.
Johnson
J L
JL
Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
Wallace
B H
BH
Mareen
C D
CD
Graves
D B
DB
Ferrer
T J
TJ
Robertson
R D
RD
Cone
J B
JB
D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006465:Hemoperitoneum / Q000276:immunology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000276:immunology*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*
D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines