title: Clinical implications for affected parents and siblings of probands with long-QT syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whenever a proband is identified with long-QT syndrome (LQTS), his or her parents and siblings should be evaluated regarding the possibility of carrying the disorder. In the majority of cases, one of the proband's parents and one or more siblings are affected. The aim of this study was (1) to determine whether the clinical severity of LQTS in the proband is useful in identifying first-degree family members at high risk for cardiac events, and (2) to evaluate the clinical course of affected parents and siblings of LQTS probands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical and ECG characteristics of 211 LQTS probands and 791 first-degree relatives (422 parents and 369 siblings) were studied to determine if the clinical profile of the proband is useful in determining the clinical severity of LQTS in affected parents and siblings. Affected female parents of an LQTS proband had a greater cumulative risk for a first cardiac event than affected male parents. The probability of a parent or sibling having a first cardiac event was not significantly influenced by the severity of the proband's clinical symptoms. Female sex and QT(c) duration were risk factors for cardiac events among affected parents, and QT(c) was the only risk factor for cardiac events in affected siblings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The severity profile of LQTS in a proband was not found to be useful in identifying the clinical severity of LQTS in affected first-degree relatives of the proband.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimbrough
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zareba
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benhorin
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Locati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Priori
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Timothy
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Towbin
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005190:Family; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic