title: Muscle spindles in extraocular muscles of human infants.
abstract: The capacity of muscle spindles in adult human extraocular muscles (EOM) to provide effective proprioception was questioned on the grounds of their peculiar morphology. Their appearance could be attributable to ageing and to test this possibility examples of infant muscle spindles have been examined. Forty encapsulated structures from five extraocular muscles removed post mortem from 4 infant patients aged 6 days, 5, 23 and 30 months were examined by means of light microscopy using serial transverse sections. Seven of them were identified as false spindles. The remaining 33 structures, identified as spindles, contained a total of 175 intrafusal fibres varying from 2 to 12 (mean: 6) in each. 130 of these fibres (74.3%) were of nuclear chain type. Unequivocal evidence of bag fibres was not found. Spindles lacked or had a limited equatorial expansion, and the inner capsule was incomplete and irregularly shaped. 45 (25.7%) of the intrafusal fibres had extrafusal features with large diameters, peripherally placed nuclei, no equatorial modification and without associated sensory nerve terminals. Serial sections revealed that a majority of the nuclear chain fibres were interrupted, fragmented or terminated abruptly, and most spindles contained at least one incomplete fibre. These observations show that the atypical features observed in adult human EOM spindles are also present in infants and are therefore not attributable to ageing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optometry, Buskerud College, Frogs vei 41, N-3600 Kongsberg, Norway. jan.richard.brunech@hibu.no
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bruenech
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ruskell
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009470:Muscle Spindles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic