title: In vitro activity of fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and trovafloxacin) and seven other antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: In recent years, the level of resistance of S. pneumoniae to beta-lactam and/or macrolides has increased around the world including some countries in South America. Because of this resistance, it is necessary to test the therapeutic alternatives for treating this pathogen, including the newer quinolones. This study was carried out in order to compare the in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and trovafloxacin, to penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cufuroxime sodium, ceftriaxone, azithromycin and clarithromycin, against 300 strains of S. pneumoniae. Of the 300 samples tested, 18.6% were not susceptible to penicillin (56 strains) and 7% (21 strains) were resistant to the second generation cephalosporin. Among the macrolides, resistance ranged from 6.7% for clarithromycin to 29.6% for azithromycin. Susceptibility to the newer quinolones was 100% including the 56 strains not susceptible to penicillin. Among the 10 antibiotics evaluated, the fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin displayed high levels of in vitro activity against S. pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Medical Investigation Laboragory (LIM-54) - University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. acnicode@zip.net.com.br
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nicodemo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Oplustil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinto
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D018942:Macrolides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides; D009287:Naphthyridines; D064704:Levofloxacin; C080163:trovafloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D000077734:Gatifloxacin