title: Iron and vitamin deficiencies, endocrine and immune status in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of iron and vitamin deficiencies, endocrine disorders and immunological parameters in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (1 degree SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  At the time of the establishment of the diagnosis of 1 degree SS in 43 consecutive patients, a clinical examination including haematological analyses was performed. The patients' medical records were also reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred for diagnosis to The University Hospital, Linköping, a secondary or tertiary referral hospital serving the middle part of southern Sweden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, current or previously treated iron and vitamin deficiencies were registered for 63% of the 1 degree SS patients (iron 51%, vitamin B12 25%, folate 9%). Current low ferritin was noted in 24%, low iron saturation in 37%, decreased vitamin B12 in 13% and folate in 9%. Thyroid disease was found in a total of 33% and 30% had had autoimmune thyroiditis. Three patients (7%) had verified diabetes mellitus. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was raised in 65% of the patients and 84% had a polyclonal increase of Ig. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was detected in 85%, antinuclear antibody (ANA) in 74%, anti-SS-A in 88% and anti-SS-B in 73% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iron and vitamin deficiencies and thyroid diseases are common in patients with 1 degree SS. Since these disorders often are treatable and may affect the patients' distress as well as their immune and exocrine function, an active, recurrent search for deficiencies, endocrine diseases and other frequently recorded disorders is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, The University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lundström
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lindström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000209:etiology; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000209:etiology; D014804:Vitamin B Deficiency / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes