title: Measuring cosmetic facial plastic surgery outcomes: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test 4 previously published outcomes instruments (the Facelift Outcomes Evaluation, the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation, the Blepharoplasty Outcomes Evaluation, and the Skin Rejuvenation Outcomes Evaluation) in terms of their reliability and validity in assessing patient-related outcomes of surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective pilot study of 78 patients in 3 similar private cosmetic surgery centers undergoing a total of 100 face-lift, rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, and skin rejuvenation procedures. Patients were evaluated at 2 preoperative and 1 postoperative time points and the instruments were analyzed with regard to their test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and responsiveness to change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 4 outcomes instruments had excellent reliability, consistency, and validity scores. Test-retest reliability was 0.74 to 0.83 (Pearson correlation coefficients), internal consistency scores were.83 to.88 (Cronbach alpha), and responsiveness to change was statistically significant for each instrument tested (P< or =.001). In addition, patients experienced significant quality of life improvement, with overall satisfaction increasing on average from 37% to more than 84% after these procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These 4 instruments are reliable and valid and can be used to accurately assess patient-related satisfaction in studies of face-lift, rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, and skin resurfacing outcomes. These brief questionnaires provide the cosmetic surgeon with quantitative tools to evaluate otherwise subjective and purely qualitative outcomes and are recommended for use in future prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: The Newbury Center, Cosmetic Facial Plastic Surgery, 69 Newbury St, Boston, MA 02116, USA. ralsarraf@earthlink.net
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alsarraf
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Larrabee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D015361:Rhytidoplasty; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires