title: Early-phase enhanced inflammatory reaction after spinal instrumentation surgery.
abstract: METHODS
  The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and body temperature were measured prospectively in patients after two types of spinal surgery without complications and three cases of infection after spinal instrumentation surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of instrumentation on postoperative inflammatory reaction, and to describe early detection of postoperative wound infection.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In thoracic and abdominal surgery as well as hip arthroplasty, C-reactive protein has proved more valuable than erythrocyte sedimentation rate for early detection of postoperative infectious complications. It has not yet been established, however, how inflammatory parameters change after surgery when spinal instruments have been inserted into the body.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, two groups of patients were examined: a control group that underwent spinal decompression surgery without instrumentation (n = 36) and another group that underwent spinal decompression and fusion surgery with spinal instrumentation (n = 37). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and body temperature were recorded 1 day before surgery and on days 0 to 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, and 42 after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammatory indexes (i.e., C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, and body temperature) were significantly higher for the surgery with instrumentation than for the spinal decompression surgery without instrumentation. Multiple regression analysis showed that C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate peaks significantly correlated with the use of instrumentation (C-reactive protein: P = 0.000257, erythrocyte sedimentation rate: P = 0.000132). In the patients with infection after spinal instrumentation surgery, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and body temperature started to increase again 4 to 11 days after surgery. The elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels was prolonged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein display a significantly higher reaction after spinal surgery with instrumentation. Renewed elevation of C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and body temperature after postoperative days 4 to 7 may be a critical sign of postoperative infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan. jtaka@hsp.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuzawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sheena
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D001831:Body Temperature; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein