title: Hypovolaemic shock.
abstract: Measured blood loss up to 1000 ml is well tolerated by healthy pregnant women. This is partly due to physiological increases in plasma volume and red cell mass during pregnancy. Nevertheless, hypovolaemic shock is a major cause of maternal mortality. Management requires teamwork, co-ordination, speed and adequate facilities to be life-saving. The first priority is rapid fluid replacement. Evidence from randomized trials has established that crystalloids are the fluids of choice over colloids and particularly albumen, which was associated with increased mortality. Rapid access to blood or blood products for transfusion is necessary, as well as laboratory back-up. Further management includes accurate assessment of the site of bleeding; control of the bleeding; diagnosis and management of the underlying condition; supportive therapy; and monitoring of the clinical, haematological and biochemical response to treatment. Bedside diagnostic ultrasound has several applications in the evaluation of obstetric hypovolaemic shock.
authors.affiliation: Effective Care Research Unit, Cecilia Makiwane and Frere Hospitals, University of the Witwatersrand, East London 5200, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hofmeyr
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Mohlala
mesh_terms: D000037:Abruptio Placentae / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D010923:Placenta Previa / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012769:Shock / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D010952:Plasma Substitutes