title: Multiple marker second trimester serum screening for pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether an appropriate combination of maternal serum inhibin A, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (free beta-hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may be an effective means of screening for pre-eclampsia in the second trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who attended an antenatal clinic in Oxford, from whom serum samples were stored, 19 of whom subsequently developed pre-eclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum inhibin A, free beta-hCG, uE3, and AFP were measured in 32 serum samples collected from the 19 women who developed pre-eclampsia and, for each sample, in three control samples collected from women with unaffected pregnancies matched for gestational age and maternal age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In pregnancies that developed pre-eclampsia the median inhibin A value was raised (1.7 multiples of the median (MoM) for unaffected pregnancies (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1 to 2.7 MoM), the median free beta-hCG was raised (2.1, 1.4 to 3.3 MoM) and the median uE3 was lowered (0.8, 0.6 to 0.98 MoM) after 19 completed weeks of gestation and at least 2 weeks before the onset ofproteinuria. Values of AFP were similar in affected and unaffected pregnancies. Combining the values ofinhibin A, free beta-hCG, and uE3 to form a screening test would detect an estimated 55% of affected pregnancies with a false positive rate of 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibin A, free beta-hCG, and uE3 in combination may be a useful screening test during the second trimester for pre-eclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry,  UK. n.j.wald@mds.qmw.ac.uk
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000378:metabolism; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C422362:inhibin A; D007265:Inhibins; D004964:Estriol