title: Mapping therapeutic response in a patient with malignant glioma.
abstract: Short-interval scanning of patients offers a detailed understanding of the natural progression of tumor tissue, as revealed through imaging markers such as contrast enhancement and edema, prior to therapy. Following treatment, short-interval scanning can also provide evidence of attenuation of growth rates. We present a longitudinal imaging study of a patient with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) scanned 15 times in 104 days on a 3 T MR scanner. Images were analyzed independently by two automated algorithms capable of creating detailed maps of tumor changes as well as volumetric analysis. The algorithms, a nearest-neighbor-based tissue segmentation and a surface-modeling algorithm, tracked the patient's response to temozolomide, showing an attenuation of growth. The need for surrogate imaging end-points, of which growth rates are an example, is discussed. Further, the strengths of these algorithms, the insight gained by short-interval scanning, and the need for a better understanding of imaging markers are also described.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Division of Brain Mapping, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haney
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cloughesy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Alger
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Frew
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres-Trejo
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mazziotta
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Toga
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors