title: Cones regenerate from retinal stem cells sequestered in the inner nuclear layer of adult goldfish retina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether retinal progenitor cells in the inner nuclear layer give rise to regenerated cones after laser ablation of photoreceptors in adult goldfish retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a technique developed previously in this laboratory, photoreceptors in the retina of adult goldfish were ablated with an argon laser. The mitotic marker, bromodeoxyuridine, was used to label proliferating and regenerated cells, which were identified with cell-specific markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells proliferating locally within lesion included microglia, Müller glia, and retinal progenitors in the inner nuclear layer (INL). The nuclei of both Müller glia and associated retinal progenitors migrated from the inner to the outer nuclear layer. The proliferating retinal progenitors, which express Notch-3 and N-cadherin, regenerated cone photoreceptors and then rod photoreceptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous work has demonstrated that photoreceptors in the goldfish retina regenerate selectively after laser ablation, but the source of regenerated cones has not been identified. The results reported here provide support for the existence of retinal stem cells within the adult fish retina that are capable of regenerating cone photoreceptors. The data also support the involvement of Müller glia in the production of regenerated cones.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0616, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgett
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barthel
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006054:Goldfish / Q000502:physiology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D053685:Laser Therapy; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine