title: Prevention of postoperative adhesion formation in rat uterine horn model by nimesulide: a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pelvic surgery is one of the main causes of intraperitoneal (i.p.) adhesions that create various medical problems including pelvic pain, bowel obstructions and female infertility. A rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in the prevention of adhesion formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty Wistar-Albino rats underwent bilateral uterine horn injury with a unipolar cautery. Study groups were as follows: (i) control group, no adjuvant therapy; (ii) i.p. Ringer's lactate group, 2 ml Ringer's lactate solution was instilled i.p.; (iii) i.p. Ringer's lactate plus nimesulide group, 1 ml Ringer's lactate plus 1 ml nimesulide (0.5 mg/ml) were given i.p.; (iv) intramuscular (i.m.) nimesulide group, 1 ml i.m. nimesulide (0.5 mg/ml) was given preoperatively for 5 days; and (v) i.p. nimesulide group, 1 ml nimesulide (0.5 mg/ml) was instilled i.p. At the end of the study all animals were killed, and a standard adhesion scoring system was applied by a blinded examiner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean adhesion extent in study groups was as follows: 1.33 +/- 0.76 in control group, 1.40 +/- 0.90 in i.p. Ringer's lactate group, 0.75 +/- 0.70 in i.p. Ringer's lactate plus nimesulide group, 0.25 +/- 0.44 in i.m. nimesulide group and 0.31 +/- 0.70 in i.p. nimesulide group. The mean +/- SD adhesion severities of control, i.p. Ringer's lactate, i.p. Ringer's lactate plus nimesulide, i.m. nimesulide, and i.p. nimesulide groups were 0.58 +/- 0.35, 0.30 +/- 0.41, 0.27 +/- 0.3, 0.12 +/- 0.28 and 0.15 +/- 0.35 respectively. The lowest adhesions were found in the groups treated with nimesulide i.m. and nimesulide i.p. ( P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that preoperative i.m. or postoperative i.p. administration of nimesulide to the site of injury reduced the formation of postoperative adhesions in a rat uterine horn model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140 Sivas, Turkey. tguvenal@ttnet.net.tr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guvenal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yanar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C012655:nimesulide