title: Ghost artifact cancellation using phased array processing.
abstract: In this article, a method for phased array combining is formulated which may be used to cancel ghosts caused by a variety of distortion mechanisms, including space variant distortions such as local flow or off-resonance. This method is based on a constrained optimization, which optimizes SNR subject to the constraint of nulling ghost artifacts at known locations. The resultant technique is similar to the method known as sensitivity encoding (SENSE) used for accelerated imaging; however, in this formulation it is applied to full field-of-view (FOV) images. The method is applied to multishot EPI with noninterleaved phase encode acquisition. A number of benefits, as compared to the conventional interleaved approach, are reduced distortion due to off-resonance, in-plane flow, and EPI delay misalignment, as well as eliminating the need for echo-shifting. Experimental results demonstrate the cancellation for both phantom as well as cardiac imaging examples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1061, USA. kellman@nih.gov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kellman
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: McVeigh
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology