title: beta(2)-Glycoprotein 1-dependent anticardiolipin antibodies and risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction: the honolulu heart program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been hypothesized that immunoreactivity to beta(2)-glycoprotein 1 (beta2GP1)-dependent anticardiolipin antibody (aCL), but not beta2GP1-independent aCL, is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a nested case-control study examining aCL as a risk factor for ischemic stroke and MI by using stored frozen sera obtained from subjects enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program and followed for up for 20 years. We measured beta2GP1-dependent and beta2GP1-independent aCL and anti-beta2GP1 immunoreactivity in 259 men who developed an ischemic stroke, in 374 men who developed an MI, and in a control group of 1360 men who remained free of both conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only beta2GP1-dependent aCL of the IgG class was significantly associated with both incident ischemic stroke and MI. This association was attenuated in the last 5 years of the 20-year follow-up. For stroke, the risk factor-adjusted relative odds for men with a positive versus a negative beta2GP1-dependent aCL of the IgG class were 2.2 (95% CI 1.5 to 3.4) at 15 years and 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.3) at 20 years. For MI, the adjusted relative odds were 1.8 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.6) at 15 years and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) at 20 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that aCL IgG, particularly the beta2GP1-dependent variety, is an important predictor of future stroke and MI in men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brey
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Curb
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stallworth
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kittner
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I