title: Higher than normal plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in cancer patients with depression: preliminary findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether cancer patients with and without major depression exhibit immune system abnormalities similar to those reported in medically healthy, depressed subjects without cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects consisted of patients diagnosed with pancreatic, esophageal, or breast cancer. Other groups consisted of subjects with major depression (without cancer) and healthy comparison subjects. Subjects' diagnoses were made with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Severity of depression was measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and postdexamethasone cortisol were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer patients with depression had markedly higher plasma concentrations of IL-6 than healthy comparison subjects and cancer patients without depression. Although significant correlations were found between Hamilton depression scale scores and plasma concentrations of postdexamethasone cortisol, no significant correlations were found between plasma IL-6 and postdexamethasone cortisol concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher than normal plasma IL-6 concentrations were associated with a diagnosis of major depression in cancer patients. IL-6 may contribute to sickness behavior that has overlapping symptoms with major depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Musselman
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manatunga
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nemeroff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D003907:Dexamethasone; D006854:Hydrocortisone