title: Prevention of further cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis by hyperbaric oxygen and mesna in guinea pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and mesna have been successfully used for hemorrhagic cystitis. We defined the protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and mesna in further cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 male guinea pigs were divided into 6 groups. All groups received 2 doses of 68.1 mg./kg. cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally at the same time intervals but group 1 served as controls. Group 2 received cyclophosphamide only, group 3 received hyperbaric oxygen treatment (2.8 ATA for 90 minutes twice daily) before and the day after further cyclophosphamide, group 4 received 21.5 mg./kg. mesna intraperitoneally only with further cyclophosphamide, group 5 received hyperbaric oxygen and mesna with further cyclophosphamide, and group 6 received hyperbaric oxygen before initial cyclophosphamide, between the 2 doses and after the further dose of cyclophosphamide, and mesna on the days of cyclophosphamide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although mesna alone provided protection against cyclophosphamide induced cystitis in animal bladders, there was also significant damage compared with controls. When the uroprotective efficacy of mesna was supported with hyperbaric oxygen, bladder protection was promoted since mean histological scores and hematuria levels in this group did not differ from those in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to this animal study using hyperbaric oxygen as adjuvant therapy in humans may be a better tool than mesna alone for the prophylaxis and treatment of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and Pathology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goksoy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bilgic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008297:Male; D015080:Mesna / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D020011:Protective Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D015080:Mesna