title: Otx genes are required for tissue specification in the developing eye.
abstract: Patterning of the vertebrate eye appears to be controlled by the mutual regulation and the progressive restriction of the expression domains of a number of genes initially co-expressed within the eye anlage. Previous data suggest that both Otx1 and Otx2 might contribute to the establishment of the different eye territories. Here, we have analysed the ocular phenotype of mice carrying different functional copies of Otx1 and Otx2 and we show that these genes are required in a dose-dependent manner for the normal development of the eye. Thus, all Otx1(-/-); Otx2(+/-) and 30% of Otx1(+/-); Otx2(+/-) genotypes presented consistent and profound ocular malformation, including lens, pigment epithelium, neural retina and optic stalk defects. During embryonic development, optic vesicle infolding was severely altered and the expression of pigment epithelium-specific genes, such as Mitf or tyrosinase, was lost. Lack of pigment epithelium specification was associated with an expansion of the prospective neural retina and optic stalk territories, as determined by the expression of Pax6, Six3 and Pax2. Later in development the presumptive pigment epithelium region acquired features of mature neural retina, including the generation of Islet1-positive neurones. Furthermore, in Otx1(-/-); Otx2(+/-) mice neural retina cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptotic cell death were also severely affected. Based on these findings we propose a model in which Otx gene products are required for the determination and differentiation of the pigment epithelium, co-operating with other eye patterning genes in the determination of the specialised tissues that will constitute the mature vertebrate eye.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Dr Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martinez-Morales
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Signore
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Acampora
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simeone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bovolenta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005123:Eye / Q000196:embryology*; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000097607:Homeobox Protein SIX3
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097607:Homeobox Protein SIX3; C497235:Mitf protein, mouse; C497656:Otx1 protein, mouse; C497660:Otx2 protein, mouse; C497319:Pax2 protein, mouse; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse