title: Antimutagenicity and induction of anticarcinogenic phase II enzymes by basidiomycetes.
abstract: Extracts from Phellinus linteus, Phellinus igniarius, and Agrocybe cylindracea have been tested for their antimutagenic properties against direct-acting mutagens [4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) and sodium azide (NaN(3))] and indirect-acting mutagens [2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)], using the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA 98 and TA 100. In addition, the chemopreventive potentials of these extracts to induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and glutathione (GSH) level extracts from the filtrate of the cultured broth of P. linteus, polysaccharide extracts from the cultured broth (PI I) and mycelia (PI II) and water extract of fruiting bodies (PI II) of P. igniarius, and polysaccharide extracts from the cultured broth (AC I) and mycelia (AC II) of A. cylindracea showed inhibitory effects on the mutagenic activities induced by the direct-acting mutagens, NPD and NaN(3), and the indirect-acting mutagens, 2-AF and B[a]P. QR was induced with PI I, PI II, AC I, and AC II, and GST activity was induced with PL I, PL II, PI I, PI II, PI III and AC I in murine Hepa1c1c7 cell culture. In addition, PL I, PL II, PI I, PI II, PI III and AC II increased glutathione level. These results suggest that P. linteus, P. igniarius, and A. cylindracea have antimutagenic activities and may play a role in the prevention of cancer by inducing QR and GST activities and increasing GSH level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Intractable Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Sukjang-Dong 707, Kyongju 780-714, South Korea.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shon
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018890:Chemoprevention; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D019810:Sodium Azide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C012277:1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene; D019810:Sodium Azide; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione