title: Brief intervention for heavy-drinking college students: 4-year follow-up and natural history.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined long-term response to an individual preventive intervention for high-risk college drinkers relative to the natural history of college drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-session, individualized preventive intervention was evaluated within a randomized controlled trial with college freshmen who reported drinking heavily while in high school. An additional group randomly selected from the entire screening pool provided a normative comparison. Participant self-report was assessed annually for 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-risk controls showed secular trends for reduced drinking quantity and negative consequences without changes in drinking frequency. Those receiving the brief preventive intervention reported significant additional reductions, particularly with respect to negative consequences. Categorical individual change analyses show that remission is normative, and they suggest that participants receiving the brief intervention are more likely to improve and less likely to worsen regarding negative drinking consequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief individual preventive interventions for high-risk college drinkers can achieve long-term benefits even in the context of maturational trends.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Substance Abuse Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA. jsbaer@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kivlahan
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Marlatt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005246:Feedback; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009042:Motivation; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D014861:Washington