title: Effect of in-the-bag intraocular lens fixation on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification and to evaluate the role of posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) haptic fixation and biomaterial/design in reducing the incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study comprised 278 eyes of 263 patients having ECCE and 318 eyes of 297 patients having phacoemulsification with PC IOL implantation. Posterior capsule opacification leading to a decrease in Snellen visual acuity of 2 or more lines was considered visually significant. The presence of PCO and IOL haptic fixation were evaluated postoperatively using slitlamp biomicroscopy. Haptic position was noted as in-the-bag (B-B), 1 haptic in the bag and 1 in the sulcus (bag-sulcus [B-S]), or both haptics out of the bag (sulcus-sulcus [S-S]). In addition, the rate of visually significant PCO was compared among 3 IOL biomaterials: poly(methyl methacrylate), silicone, and hydrophobic acrylic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visually significant PCO occurred in 42.45% of eyes having ECCE and 19.18% of eyes having phacoemulsification (P <.001, chi-square test) after a mean follow-up of 2.4 years +/- 0.7 (SD). In both groups, visually significant PCO was significantly less in eyes with B-B fixation than in those with B-S or S-S fixation (P <.001). The rate of visually significant PCO in all eyes in the phacoemulsification group with B-B fixation was low (11.90%) and was significantly lower in eyes with a hydrophobic acrylic IOL (2.22%; P <.05, chi-square test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-the-bag PC IOL fixation is required to consistently reduce the incidence of PCO. Thorough removal of lens substance, including hydrodissection-assisted cortical cleanup, and in-the-bag PC IOL fixation seem to be the most important factors in reducing PCO, regardless of surgical procedure or IOL type used. Intraocular lens biomaterial and design also help prevent PCO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India. jagatram@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Apple
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials