title: Expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis as a novel prognostic marker in radically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the pattern of expression and the prognostic value of the inhibitor of apoptosis family member X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP; MIHA/ILP-a) in radically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of XIAP and its relationship with overall survival was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on tumors from 144 patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, the apoptotic and mitotic index, Ki-67, p53, and bcl-2 levels were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  XIAP expression was specific for tumor cells, and the pattern was cytoplasmic. The median expression of XIAP was 20%, and when this value was used as a cutoff point for statistical analyses, 63 of the samples were considered high XIAP-expressing and 81 low XIAP-expressing. Surprisingly, high XIAP-expressing patients had a longer overall survival than the group expressing lower levels (60 versus 24 months of median survival; log rank, P = 0.01). The positive impact of XIAP expression on survival was confirmed by multivariate analysis (P = 0.026). Although no correlation was observed between XIAP expression and the apoptotic index, a significant inverse correlation was observed between XIAP, Ki-67 (P = 0.006), and mitotic index (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unexpected inverse correlation of XIAP with proliferation markers and the absence of correlation with apoptotic index, coupled with its role as an independent positive prognostic factor for survival in radically resected NSCLC patients imply a more complex role for XIAP in tumor biology than anticipated by in vitro data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Valk
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Span
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kruyt
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pinedo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giaccone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human