title: Long-term fructose feeding impairs vascular relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries.
abstract: To investigate the long-term influence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia on vascular reactivity, both muscarinic and alpha2-receptor-mediated relaxations and the contribution of nitric oxide to these mechanisms were studied in the fructose-fed rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either fructose-rich chow (FFR, n = 6) or normal chow (CNT, n = 6) for 40 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method. A 3-mm segment of mesenteric artery was excised, cannulated and pressurized, pretreated with prazosin (10(-6) mol/L) and propranolol (3 x 10(-6) mol/L), then precontracted with serotonin (10(-6) mol/L). Endothelium dependent relaxation was induced by addition of acetylcholine (10(-9) to 10(-4) mol/L), or a selective alpha2-agonist B-HT 920 (10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/L), with or without the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (10(-4) mol/L). Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in FFR at the early period; however, there was no difference at the end of 40 weeks compared to CNT. Fasting plasma insulin was much higher in FFR than in CNT (110+/-62 v 41+/-11 microU/mL, P < .05), whereas plasma glucose was not different. Maximum relaxation to acetylcholine was attained at 10(-6) mol/L in FFR but at 3 x 10(-7) mol/L in CNT. The degree of maximum relaxation attained with acetylcholine was similar in FFR and CNT (89+/-9 and 94+/-4% of precontraction), although attenuated (P < .01) by the addition of L-NAME only in FFR (to 34+/-22%, P < .05) but not in CNT (to 82+/-25%). The half-maximal relaxation dose of acetylcholine was greater in FFR (P < .01) compared with CNT and was significantly increased (P < .05) by L-NAME in both groups. B-HT 920 at 10(-5) mol/L induced a greater relaxation in CNT (36+/-10% of serotonin constriction) than in FFR (19+/-14%, P < .05). These responses were significantly blunted by L-NAME. Thus, muscarinic receptor-mediated vascular relaxation is less sensitive and more nitric oxide dependent in FFR versus CNT. Alpha2-adrenergic-mediated relaxation, predominantly mediated by nitric oxide, is also impaired in FFR. It is possible that prolonged insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in FFR could alter endothelial-dependent vasodilatory mechanisms, thereby contributing to the increase in blood pressure seen in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Sepulveda, California 91343, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagawa
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tuck
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Golub
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000502:physiology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D005632:Fructose; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000109:Acetylcholine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester