title: Streptococcus thermophilus in cheddar cheese--production and fate of galactose.
abstract: The behaviour of Streptococcus thermophilus in combination with Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris or subsp. lactis mesophilic starters in experimental Cheddar cheese is reported. In a standard manufacturing procedure employing a 38 degrees C cook temperature, even very low levels (0.007%) of Str. thermophilus combined with normal levels of the mesophilic starter (1.7%) resulted in increased rates of acid production, the formation of significant amounts of galactose (approximately 13 mmol/kg cheese), and populations nearly equivalent to those of the mesophilic lactic starter in the curd before salting. At a 41 degrees C cook temperature, the Str. thermophilus attained a higher maximum population (approximately log 8.2 colony forming units (cfu)/g) than the Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris (approximately log 6.8 cfu/g) and formed more galactose (approximately 28 mmol/kg). Lactobacillus rhamnosus, deliberately added to a cheese made using Str. thermophilus starter and which contained 24 mmol galactose/kg at day one, utilized all the galactose during the first 3 months of cheese ripening. Adventitious non-starter lactic acid bacteria had the potential to utilize this substrate too, and a close relationship was demonstrated between the increase in this flora and the disapearance of the galactose. Some possible consequences for cheese quality of using Str. thermophilus as a starter component are discussed.
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Martley
mesh_terms: D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005690:Galactose