title: Concealed umbilical stoma: long-term evaluation of stomal stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The technique of forming a concealed umbilical stoma has been described previously and includes a posterior umbilical flap for improved cosmesis and stenosis prevention. We assessed long-term stomal stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed retrospectively the charts of 46 patients (mean age at surgery 14 years) of whom 35 had undergone concealed umbilical stoma creation and 11 the Malone antegrade continence enema procedure for continent urinary diversion. Urinary stomas were created from appendix in 20 cases, ileum in 8, sigmoid colon in 5, bladder in 1 and stomach in 1. Malone antegrade continence enema stomas were constructed from appendix in 10 cases and sigmoid colon in 1. A total of 21 patients underwent urinary diversion and augmentation cystoplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At followup of 12 to 84 months (median 3.4 years) 93.5% of patients had an intact stoma with no need for surgical revision. Of the remaining patients 3 (6.5%) required revision of the stoma at skin level for stomal stenosis at 1, 4 and 38 months after initial surgery and 2 had a brief period of indwelling catheterization for correction of stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concealed umbilical stoma technique provides an excellent cosmetic result with a low rate of stomal stenosis in patients requiring intermittent bladder or bowel catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Glassman
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Docimo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D054047:Surgical Stomas / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*