title: Six hundred consecutive carotid endarterectomies with temporary shunt and vein patch angioplasty: early and long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study evaluates the long-term clinical outcome and the survival of 600 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed with a temporary shunt. All arteriotomies were closed by vein patch angioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1989 and November 1998, 600 isolated carotid endarterectomies (CEA) were performed in 540 patients by a uniform surgical technique at the University Clinic of Mont-Godinne. An intraluminal shunt and patch closure were systematically used. The mean age was 68 yr (ranging from 41 to 91 yr), 400 patients were men. The risk factors included hypertension in 73%, smoking history in 60%, coronary artery disease in 51% and hyperlipidemia in 35%. The indications were asymptomatic stenosis in 47%, transient ischemic attack in 40%, vertebrobasilar symptoms in 7% and stroke in 6%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined 30-day stroke and death rate was 0.9%. There were four deaths. The stroke and TIAs rates were 0.2% and 1.5% respectively. The incidence of early carotid occlusion was 0.5%. Cranial or cervical nerve dysfunction was identified in 6.3%. LATE RESULTS: The median follow-up was 49 months with a range of 2-124 months. Cumulative survival rates at 5 and 10 yr were 92+/-1% and 89+/-2% respectively. Thirty-two patients died during long-term follow-up; the death was stroke-related in only three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid endarterectomy using an intraluminal shunt and vein patch closure is a safe and effective procedure associated with low morbidity and mortality rates at short and long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Av. G. Therasse, B-5530, Yvoir, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scavée
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Viejo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eucher
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Louagie
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Haxhe
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: De Wispelaere
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Trigaux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jamart
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schoevaerdts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000401:mortality*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex