title: [Orbital fat preservation and orbicularis muscle flap suspension for lower eyelid pouches].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is to introduce the experience in the treatment of lower eyelid pouches by orbital fat preservation and orbicularis oculi muscle flap suspension techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  From Sept. 1996 to May 1997, thirty patients with lower eyelid pouches were treated using Hamra's procedure. During the operation, the arcus marginalis was incised. The orbital fat was released and advanced beyond the infraorbital rim and sutured. A lateral-based orbicularis oculi muscle flap was created, and its pedicle was repositioned to the periosteum of the upper lateral orbital rim in a superiomedial direction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 patients were available for postoperative follow-up for 3 to 8 months (mean 5.6 months). Of them one patient developed unilateral lower eyelid ectropion due to flabby reposition of the orbicularis oculi muscle flap. The rest obtained excellent cosmetic results without complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new method has following advantages: 1. The lower eyelid pouches and the infraorbital rim show that may be corrected simultaneously: 2. Sunken eyelids and scleral show that may follow fat removal in conventional lower blepharoplasty can be effectively avoided. 3. "Cheek lift" and a youthful eyelid-cheek complex contour can be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps