title: Insulin and heregulin-beta1 upregulate guanylyl cyclase C expression in rat hepatocytes: reversal by phosphodiesterase-3 inhibition.
abstract: Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) is the receptor for the hormones guanylin and uroguanylin. Although primarily expressed in the rat intestine, GC-C is also expressed in the liver during neonatal or regenerative growth or during the acute phase response. Little is known about the hepatic regulation of GC-C expression. The influence of various hepatic growth or acute phase regulators on GC-C expression was evaluated by immunoblot analysis of protein from primary rat hepatocytes grown in a serum-free medium. Insulin and heregulin-beta1 strongly stimulated GC-C expression by 24 h of cell culture. Several different hormones and agents suppressed this action, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), as well as inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3-kinase) and phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE-3, an insulin- and PI-3-kinase-dependent enzyme). The compartmental downregulation of cAMP levels by PDE-3 may be a critical step in the hormonal action that culminates in GC-C synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. larry.scheving@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Scheving
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; C087230:heregulin beta1; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005934:Glucagon; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester