title: Right internal jugular vein venography in infants and children.
abstract: We obtained venograms of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in 105 infants and children with congenital heart disease during cardiac catheterization. No major anomalies were found in the course of the RIJV. The diameter of the RIJV tended to increase with the patient's age, weight, and height. However, some disproportionately small vessels were seen in 8% of the patients. The depth from the skin to the RIJV varied from 2.5 to 20 mm and did not significantly correlate with age, weight, or height. Confirmation of the diameter or the depth of the RIJV by venography may facilitate clinical decisions and may be useful for performing percutaneous cannulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We obtained venograms of the right internal jugular vein in children with congenital heart disease. Generally, the diameter increased with the patient's body size, but disproportionately small vessels were seen in 8% of the patients. Preoperative internal jugular venography may facilitate identifying those patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, 3-3-1, Futaba-dai, Mito, 311-4145, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izumi
mesh_terms: D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D012044:Regression Analysis