title: Phosphorus runoff from two water sources on a calcareous soil.
abstract: Phosphorus (P) in irrigation runoff may enrich offsite water bodies and streams and be influenced by irrigation water quality and antecedent soil surface conditions. Runoff, soil loss, and P fractions in runoff using reverse osmosis (RO) water or mixed RO and well water (RO/ Tap) were studied in a laboratory sprinkler study to evaluate water source effects on P transport. A top- or subsoil Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid), either amended or not amended with manure and/or with cheese whey, with Olsen P from 20 to 141 mg kg(-1) and lime from 108 to 243 g kg(-1), was placed in 1.5 x 1.2 x 0.2-m-deep containers with 2.4% slope and irrigated three times from a 3-m height for 15 min, applying 20 mm of water. The first irrigation was on a dry loose surface, the second on a wet surface, and the third on a dry crusted surface. Surface (ca. 2 cm) soil samples, prior to the first irrigation, were analyzed for Olsen P, water-soluble P (Pws), and iron-oxide impregnated paper-extractable P (FeO-P) analyses. Following each irrigation we determined runoff, sediment, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in a 0.45-microm filtered sample, and FeO-P and total P in unfiltered samples. Soil surface conditions had no effect on P runoff relationships. Water source had no significant effect on the relationship between DRP or FeO-P runoff and soil test P, except for DRP in RO runoff versus water-soluble soil P (r2 = 0.90). Total P in RO runoff versus soil P were not related; but weakly correlated for RO/Tap (r2 < 0.50). Water source and soil surface conditions had little or no effect on P runoff from this calcareous soil.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA. dtw@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Aase
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bjorneberg
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Westermann
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005374:Filtration; D008372:Manure; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D014872:Water Movements; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D008372:Manure; D010087:Oxides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; C016538:lime