title: Effects of isoproterenol and butylscopolamine on the friction between an artificial stone and the intraureteral wall in anesthetized rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effects of the nonselective beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol and the nonselective muscarinic antagonist butylscopolamine on ureteral wall tension, namely friction between an artificial stone and the intraureteral wall, in anesthetized rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relaxing effect of the drugs on the KCl induced tonic contraction was examined in isolated rabbit ureters. The effect of the drugs on the applied force needed for the artificial stone to pass at a constant speed through the ureter, called sliding force, was evaluated in anesthetized rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a concentration dependent manner isoproterenol but not butylscopolamine reduced the KCl induced contraction in isolated ureter (mean pD2 7.35 +/- 0.06). Intravenous administration of 1 and 10 microg./kg. isoproterenol significantly decreased the friction between the artificial stone and intraureteral wall in anesthetized rabbits with sliding force at 15 minutes after drug administration decreased by 54.5% and 63.6%, respectively. In contrast, 100 and 1,000 microg./kg. butylscopolamine intravenously had no evident effect on ureteral wall tension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results strongly suggest that ureteral smooth muscle relaxation by beta-adrenergic stimulation reduces ureteral wall tension, thereby, diminishing mechanical effects impeding the movement of a ureteral stone down the ureter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurita
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017276:Friction; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D014513:Ureter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide; D007545:Isoproterenol