title: Effects of hydroxypyridinone iron chelators in combination with antimalarial drugs on the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: Using standard in vitro drug susceptibility methods, we assessed the antimalarial activity of 3 orally administered iron chelators (hydroxypyridinones) alone and in combination with conventional antimalarials drugs (quinine, mefloquine, artesunate, tetracycline, atovaquone) against a chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolate. When tested alone, all iron chelators and antimalarial compounds inhibited the growth of the parasites. IC50 values for iron chelators were 60-70 microM, whereas the IC50 values for antimalarial drugs were in nM ranges, with artesunate being the most potent. The derived isobolograms for the interaction of hydroxypyridinones and antimalarial drugs showed addition or mild antagonism, similar to desferroxamine (Sum of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration, sigma FIC < 0.5 or > 4.0). Despite the absence of synergy with conventional drugs, intrinsic antimalarial activity of hydroxypyridinones supports the continued assessment of these iron chelators as treatment adjuncts.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. grkpy@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pattanapanyasat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotipun
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yongvanitchit
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hider
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Heppner
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011728:Pyridones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D011728:Pyridones