title: Improving drug therapy for patients with asthma-part 2: Use of antiasthma medications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of antiasthma drugs among the study patients and to evaluate whether therapeutic outcomes monitoring (TOM) is associated with improved quality of drug therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled, multicenter study. Consumption of antiasthma medications was measured as the number of defined daily doses (DDDs) purchased. Data were collected from the pharmacies' computer systems for a period beginning 6 months before the start of the study (period 1) and during its first and second half-years (periods 2 and 3). Treatment changes for TOM patients were classified on the basis of drug regimens at periods 1 and 3.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community pharmacies in Denmark (16 intervention, 15 control).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred patients with asthma aged 16 to 60 years who were being treated in primary health care; this study used data from 350 patients from this sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  TOM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in the use of individual drugs and changes in therapeutic patterns--distribution of purchased drugs; proportion of corticosteroid users; frequency of drug regimens used; treatment changes for TOM patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TOM patients' consumption of beta2-agonists decreased by 12% overall from period 1 through period 3, while control patients' consumption of these medications decreased by only 1%. TOM patients' use of inhaled corticosteroids increased by more than 50% compared with 9% among controls. In both groups, about one-half of all purchased DDDs were for inhaled beta2-agonists. The proportion of inhaled corticosteroids increased from 27% to 42% of total DDDs for the TOM group and remained constant for controls. Of patients using beta2-agonists, 68% also used inhaled steroids initially in both the TOM and control groups. The proportion of inhaled steroid users in the TOM group increased to 84%, and to 70% among controls. The most common regimen was inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists and corticosteroids in combination, and the second most common regimen was monotherapy with short-acting beta2-agonists. With time, the regimens changed more toward consensus guidelines among TOM patients. Changes in drug therapy totaled 451, averaging 2.4 changes per TOM patient. The largest number of changes (49%) involved inhaled corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in medication use among TOM patients were toward improved asthma treatment. Our results show that community pharmacists, physicians, and patients, working together, can improve prescribing, solve drug therapy problems, and improve outcomes for patients with moderate-to-severe asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Development, Pharmakon, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice, Hilleroed. hh@pharmakon.dk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herborg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soendergaard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fonnesbaek
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hepler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Froekjaer
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003718:Denmark; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D013806:Theophylline