title: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal obesity is strongly related to metabolic disorders. Recent research suggests that dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body fat and may improve metabolic variables in animals. The metabolic effects of CLA in abdominally obese humans have not yet been tested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the short-term effect of CLA on abdominal fat and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men with metabolic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five abdominally obese men (waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), 1.05+/-0.05; body mass index (BMI), 32+/-2.7 kg/m(2) (mean+/-s.d.)) who were between 39 and 64-y-old participated in a double-blind randomised controlled trial for 4 weeks. Fourteen men received 4.2 g CLA/day and 10 men received a placebo. The main endpoints were differences between the two groups in sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose and insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups in anthropometric or metabolic variables. After 4 weeks there was a significant decrease in SAD (cm) in the CLA group compared to placebo (P=0.04, 95% CI; -1.12, -0.02). Other measurements of anthropometry or metabolism showed no significant differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that CLA supplementation for 4 weeks in obese men with the metabolic syndrome may decrease abdominal fat, without concomitant effects on overall obesity or other cardiovascular risk factors. Because of the limited sample size, the effects of CLA in abdominal obesity need to be further investigated in larger trials with longer duration.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. ulf.riserus@geriatrik.uu.se
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Risérus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vessby
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D019787:Linoleic Acid