[Thermal effects of ultrasound].
OBJECTIVE
Diagnostic ultrasound is a powerful, versatile and safe investigation tool in modern medicine. Methods are described, and conclusions are drawn and recommendations given for a responsible use of diagnostic ultrasound.


RESULTS
Because of the increasing ultrasonic power penetrating the body, diagnostic techniques cannot always be applied without risk. The increase in temperature induced by ultrasound absorption should be considered a potential hazard in certain applications. The paper presents the physical basis for a quantitative estimation of the risk of a specific treatment plan. Mathematical models and the thermal index are described.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings and recommendations form a viable basis for the responsible use of diagnostic ultrasound.
Koch
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C
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig. christian.koch@ptb.de
D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012306:Risk; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation