title: Memory and memory confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: Pathological doubt, often found in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has been theoretically linked to memory deficits, but empirical evidence for such deficits has been mixed. In contrast, many studies suggest that individuals with OCD have low confidence in their memories. The present study aimed to build upon previous research by measuring memory accuracy and confidence in OCD using ecologically valid, idiographically-selected stimuli. Individuals with OCD (OCs), anxious controls (ACs), and nonanxious controls (NACs) were exposed to a set of objects that the OCs had identified as safe, unsafe, or neutral. Participants were then asked to recall as many objects as possible and to rate their confidence in each memory. This process was repeated 6 times, using the same stimuli for each trial. Contrary to hypothesis, no group differences emerged in memory accuracy. However, OCs' memory confidence for unsafe objects showed a progressive decline over repeated trials. This pattern was not observed among NACs or ACs. Furthermore, OCs with primary checking reported lower confidence in long-term memory than did OCs without primary checking. These results suggest that when OCs are repeatedly exposed to threat-related stimuli (such as repeated checking), their level of confidence in remembering these stimuli paradoxically decreases.
authors.affiliation: Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Tolin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Abramowitz
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Brigidi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Street
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Foa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012647:Self-Assessment