title: The Arabidopsis sex1 mutant is defective in the R1 protein, a general regulator of starch degradation in plants, and not in the chloroplast hexose transporter.
abstract: Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in higher plants and of considerable importance for the human diet and for numerous technical applications. In addition, starch can be accumulated transiently in chloroplasts as a temporary deposit of carbohydrates during ongoing photosynthesis. This transitory starch has to be mobilized during the subsequent dark period. Mutants defective in starch mobilization are characterized by high starch contents in leaves after prolonged periods of darkness and therefore are termed starch excess (sex) mutants. Here we describe the molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis sex1 mutant that has been proposed to be defective in the export of glucose resulting from hydrolytic starch breakdown. The mutated gene in sex1 was cloned using a map-based cloning approach. By complementation of the mutant, immunological analysis, and analysis of starch phosphorylation, we show that sex1 is defective in the Arabidopsis homolog of the R1 protein and not in the hexose transporter. We propose that the SEX1 protein (R1) functions as an overall regulator of starch mobilization by controlling the phosphate content of starch.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Häusler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hille
authors.forename: U I
authors.initials: UI
authors.lastname: Flügge
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zeeman
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kossmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ritte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steup
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lue
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013213:Starch; C435922:At1g10760 protein, Arabidopsis