Platelet polymorphisms in thrombotic disorders.
Plaque rupture and/or endothelial damage lead to exposure of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and collagen which facilitate the adhesion of circulating platelets via glycoprotein (GP) GPIb-IX-V and integrin alpha2 beta1, respectively, to the damaged vessel wall. This process activates the platelets and leads to a conformational change of a second integrin alphaIIb beta3 that facilitates fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation. Thrombin generated at the blood-plaque interface converts fibrinogen to fibrin, which stabilizes thrombus growth. Therefore, any genetic differences that might alter surface expression or activity of these receptors could influence the risk for adverse outcome as a result of the hemostatic process. In the last five years, there has been a rapid accumulation of literature concerning the relationship between genetic variations in platelet glycoproteins and risk for coronary heart disease. In this study, we have presented a comprehensive review of the impact of platelet receptor polymorphisms and thrombotic risk.
Santoso
S
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Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany. sentot.santoso@immunologie.med.uni-giessen.de
D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D038981:Receptors, Collagen; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet; D016023:Integrins; D019007:P-Selectin; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D038981:Receptors, Collagen; D017452:Receptors, IgG; C032193:glycoprotein receptor GPIb-IX; D014841:von Willebrand Factor