title: Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the ischemic penumbra: relationship to expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Expressional patterns of the endothelial and neuronal forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in cerebral ischemia were studied utilizing a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) model. Motor performance and infarct volumes were determined in the rats. Immunohistochemical staining for eNOS, nNOS and neurofilament were performed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after PMCAO. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was determined by in-situ hybridization. PMCAO caused a reproducible cortical infarct with motor deficits in the rats. Double immunohistochemical stainings indicated that eNOS and nNOS were induced in ischemic neurons. Most stained neurons were positive for both NOS forms but some reacted with only one NOS antibody. nNOS expression peaked at 24-48 h after PMCAO, stained mainly the cytoplasm of core neurons, and disappeared after the 3rd day. eNOS expression increased until the 7th day, stained mainly the cytoplasm and membrane of penumbral cells and disappeared by the 14th day after PMCAO. VEGF expression was significantly induced in the penumbral zone in a similar distribution to eNOS. The anatomical and temporal pattern of VEGF and eNOS induction in the brain after permanent ischemia suggest that these mediators may play a role in protecting penumbral tissue from additional ischemic damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Hadassah University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel. leker@cc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Leker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teichner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ovadia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keshet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reinherz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben-Hur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase