Molecular biology and pathogenesis of the human T-cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus Type-1 (HTLV-1).
Retroviruses are associated with a variety of diseases, including immunological and neurological disorders, and various forms of cancer. In humans, the Human T-cell Leukaemia/Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which belongs to the Oncovirus family, is the aetiological agent of two diverse diseases: Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) (Poiesz et al. 1980; Hinuma et al. 1981; Yoshida et al. 1982), as well as the neurological disorder tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) (Gessain et al. 1985; Rodgers-Johnson et al. 1985; Osame et al. 1986). HTLV-1 is the only human retrovirus known to be the aetiological agent of cancer. A genetically related virus, HTLV-2, has been identified and isolated (Kalyanaraman et al. 1982). However, there has been no demonstration of a definitive aetiological role for HTLV-2 in human disease to date. Simian T-cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (STLV-1 and -2) and bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) have also been classified in same group, Oncoviridae, based upon their similarities in genetic sequence and structure to HTLV-1 and -2 (Burny et al. 1988; Dekaban et al. 1995; Slattery et al. 1999). This article will focus on HTLV-1, reviewing its discovery, molecular biology, and its role in disease pathogenesis.
Johnson
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National Cancer Institute, Basic Research Laboratory, 41 Library Drive, Building 41, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Harrod
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Franchini
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D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D016370:Gene Products, rex / Q000378:metabolism; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000378:metabolism; D016679:Genome, Viral; D000882:Haplorhini; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences
D016370:Gene Products, rex; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; C116201:p12 protein, Citrus jambhiri; C072813:rof protein, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; C072814:tof protein, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1