title: Usefulness of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy in investigating infertile women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new technique called transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL) was recently developed for the exploration of the tubo-ovarian structures in infertile patients without obvious pelvic pathology. This study was performed to investigate the usefulness of THL to evaluate Chlamydia trachomatis tubal infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one women with primary and secondary infertility participated in this study. Fourteen had past C. trachomatis infection. In 38 (92.7%) of the 41, access to the pouch of Douglas was obtained. In total, 71 (93.4%) out of 76 adnexa were clearly visualized. Thirty-seven patients were analysed and compared their tubal passages and peritubal adhesions using both hysterosalpingography (HSG) and THL. Twenty-four tubes from 14 patients with past C. trachomatis infection and 44 tubes from 23 patients without a history of C. trachomatis infection were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the diagnosis of the tubal passage, there were no significant differences in the discrepancy rates between HSG and THL, in patients with and without past C. trachomatis infection. In 14 (58.3%) of the 24 tubes from patients with past C. trachomatis infection and in eight (18.2%) of the 44 tubes from patients without infection, peritubal adhesion was diagnosed only by THL. There was a significant difference in the discrepancy rates of the diagnosis of peritubal adhesion between HSG and THL in the two groups (P = 0.0007 ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that C. trachomatis infection is highly associated with peritubal adhesion which is difficult to diagnose by HSG. Therefore, in C. trachomatis antibody-positive patients, exclusion of tubal pathology by THL or standard laparoscopy should be carried out to consider appropriate treatments. Although THL is not a substitute for laparoscopy, it can be proposed as a first line procedure in the early stages of the infertility investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Minamikawachi-machi, Kawachi-gun, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. sibahara@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Idei
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002690:Chlamydia Infections; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000276:immunology; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G