title: Depression among Australian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and factors associated with depression in Australian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative, multistage probability sample of Australian households conducted in 1998 (part of the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being). Adolescents completed self-report questionnaires and parents were interviewed using a lay-administered, structured psychiatric interview and several questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,490 adolescents aged 13-17 years and their parent or main caregiver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of depression in adolescents, as reported by parents and by adolescents themselves; demographic factors; health-risk behaviours; and rate of use of support services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,490 adolescents originally sampled, 150 (10%) did not complete responses to questions on depression and were excluded from the analysis. Seventy of the remaining 1340 adolescents (5.2%; 95% CI, 4.0%-6.4%) met criteria for self-reported depression. Agreement between parent- and adolescent-reported depression was poor (kappa=0.27). Adolescent-reported depression was associated with increased suicide plans (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; 95% CI, 1.19-6.70) and attempts (OR, 9.05; 95% CI, 3.49-23.50) in the previous year, use of marijuana 10 or more times in the previous month (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.25-6.64), having conduct disorder (OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.23-13.63) and use of school support services (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.82-12.22). Those who used any kind of support service (24/70; 34%) used a mean of 2.9 services (mode, 2; range, 1-5). Three per cent (2/70) of depressed adolescents had been treated with antidepressants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressed adolescents exhibit higher rates of health-risk behaviours and psychosocial impairment than non-depressed adolescents, but only a small number receive appropriate treatment. Staff working in school-based services should be trained to identify adolescents with depression and facilitate referral for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. jrey@mail.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Baghurst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires