title: Quantitative changes in gene expression of glutamate receptor subunits/subtypes in the vestibular nucleus, inferior olive and flocculus before and following unilateral labyrinthectomy in the rat: real-time quantitative PCR method.
abstract: Spontaneous recovery from the oculomotor and postural symptoms of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) is known as vestibular compensation, which is a useful model for investigation of the mechanisms of lesion-induced CNS plasticity. In the present study, to elucidate the molecular biological basis of vestibular compensation, we investigated changes in the mRNA expression of glutamate receptor subunit/subtypes in the rat central vestibular system, including the vestibular nucleus complex (VNC), inferior olive (IO), and cerebellar flocculus following UL, using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. In normal control animals, regional differences in the expression of several glutamate receptor subunit/subtypes, e.g., NR1 and NR2A subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, GluR2 and KA2 subtypes of non-NMDA receptors, and mGluR1 and mGluR7 metabotropic glutamate receptors, were consistent with previous results from studies using in situ hybridization histochemistry, suggesting that the real-time quantitative PCR method was a reliable procedure for evaluation of changes in mRNA expression. In the vestibular nucleus complex, NR2A, GluR2 and mGluR7 mRNA were ipsilaterally downregulated by 6 h following UL (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In the inferior olive, no changes in gene expression were observed. In the ipsilateral flocculus, KA2 mRNA expression was increased by 50 h post-UL (P<0.05). However, in the contralateral flocculus, mGluR1 mRNA was downregulated by 6 h post-UL (P<0.005). Both the increase in KA2 mRNA expression in the ipsilateral flocculus and the decrease in mGluR1 mRNA expression in the contralateral flocculus may have had the effect of reducing Purkinje cell inhibition of ipsilateral VNC neurons, thereby contributing to the rebalancing of spontaneous resting activity between the ipsilateral and contralateral VNCs. It is suggested that such changes in the activities of the floccular-VNC pathways may be important to the vestibular compensation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand. ahorii@ent.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Darlington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000235:genetics; D017459:Receptors, Amino Acid / Q000235:genetics; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000235:genetics*; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000235:genetics; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics; D014726:Vestibular Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D017459:Receptors, Amino Acid; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2