title: Internal limiting membrane removal for traumatic macular holes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new surgical technique for traumatic macular holes and to provide epidemiological information for such holes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal but without adjuvant use on 17 consecutive eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hole closed in 100% of eyes. Vision improved > or = 2 Snellen lines in 16 eyes (94%). The macula showed additional trauma-related damage in 10 eyes (59%). No permanent complication related to ILM removal was seen. Among 4440 eyes with contusion trauma in the United States Eye Injury Registry, the risk of macular hole formation is 9 times higher in eyes closed than with open globe injury (1.4% versus 0.15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without introducing special risks, removal of the macular ILM appears to be a highly successful surgical option in improving vision in eyes with traumatic macular holes. The majority of eyes benefit from ILM removal, even when additional traumatic macular pathology is present.
authors.affiliation: Helen Keller Foundation, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. fkuhn@mindspring.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Witherspoon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride