title: Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene expression.
abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically the n-3 and n-6 series, play a key role in the progression or prevention of human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, neurological and heart disease, mainly by affecting cellular membrane lipid composition, metabolism, signal-transduction pathways, and by direct control of gene expression. PUFAs show regulation of gene expression in several tissues, including brain, liver, heart, and adipose. Most recently, research has focused on identifying the mechanisms by which PUFAs regulate lipogenic gene expression. Research to date indicates that PUFA-mediated regulation of the genetic expression and proteolytic maturation of a group of transcription factors termed sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) accounts for the suppression of hepatic lipogenic gene expression. However, our recent studies on the transcriptional regulation of the stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase gene, encoding a key enzyme in the cellular synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids indicates that PUFA can suppress gene transcription by a mechanism independent of SREBP maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706-1544, USA. ntambi@biochem.wisc.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ntambi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bené
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000502:physiology; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C497390:SREBF2 protein, human; C497389:Srebf1 protein, rat; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002784:Cholesterol; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase