title: Cellular engineering: molecular repair of membranes to rescue cells of the damaged nervous system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The acute administration of hydrophilic polymers (polyethylene glycol) can immediately seal nerve membranes, preventing their continuing dissolution and secondary axotomy. Polymer application can even be used to reconnect, or fuse, the proximal and distal segments of severed axons in completely transected adult mammalian spinal cord.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sealing or fusion of damaged nerve membranes leads to a very rapid (minutes or hours) recovery of excitability in severely damaged nerve fibers, observed as a rapid return of nerve impulse conduction in vitro, as well as an in vivo recovery of spinal cord conduction and behavioral loss in spinal cord-injured adult guinea pigs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Surfactant application produces a rapid repair of membrane breaches through mechanisms of interaction between the polymers and the aqueous phase of damaged membranes, and their ability to insert into, or seal, the hydrophobic core of the axolemma exposed by mechanical damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new technology applied to severe neurotrauma offers a clinically safe and practical means to rescue significant populations of spinal cord nerve fibers within 8 hours after damage--preventing their continued dissolution and secondary axotomy by secondary injury mechanisms. Application of this novel technology to other injuries to the peripheral and central nervous system is discussed, as well as a general application to soft tissue trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Applied Neurology, Center for Paralysis Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1244, USA. CPR@vet.purdue.edu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Borgens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols