title: Neural adaptations to fatigue: implications for muscle strength and training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper investigates the neural mechanisms responsible for the increase in strength that occurs during serial isometric contractions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-session design was used. Thirteen subjects (N = 13) were asked to perform five maximal isometric elbow extension strength trials to serve as baseline. After a 5-min rest, the subjects were administered a 30-trial fatigue protocol. This process was repeated two more times at 2-wk intervals. Elbow extension torque and surface electromyography (EMG) of the triceps and biceps brachii were monitored concurrently. The criterion measures were elbow extension torque, root-mean-square EMG amplitude, and mean power frequency (MPF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraclass reliability ranged from good to excellent. Within each experimental session, the fatigue protocol resulted in a decrease in maximal isometric elbow extension torque as well as biceps and triceps EMG amplitude and MPF (P < 0.05). However, the mean of the 30 trials and the magnitude of the linear decrease in elbow extension torque increased across the three sessions (P < 0.05). Biceps and triceps EMG amplitude increased and MPF decreased as the number of sessions increased (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the fatigue protocol served as a training stimulus to down regulate motor-unit firing frequency.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1. dgabriel@arnie.pec.brocku.ca
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Basford
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting