title: Vestibular system: anatomy and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: In this article, the authors present evidence that the multisensory parietoinsular cortex in humans is involved in perceiving both verticality and self-motion. This evidence is based on (a) lesional studies in patients who have acute unilateral infarctions and (b) positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence of cerebral activation by use of vestibular caloric stimulation, galvanic stimulation, and optokinetic stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieterich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brandt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002150:Caloric Tests; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D017120:Nystagmus, Optokinetic / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests; D014726:Vestibular Nuclei / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*