title: Disc herniation-related back pain impairs feed-forward control of paraspinal muscles.
abstract: METHODS
  A comparative study of lumbar paraspinal muscle reflexes during sudden upper limb loading in healthy control subjects and patients with sciatica.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess reflex activation of paraspinal muscles during sudden upper limb loading.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Sudden upper limb loading and upper limb voluntary movements cause reflex activation of trunk muscles. A short latency response of approximately 50 msec of lumbar muscles has been observed before, but the reflexes have not been studied in patients with sciatica.
  
  
  METHODS
  The paraspinal muscle responses for upper limb loading during unexpected and expected conditions were measured by surface EMG from 20 patients selected for an operation as a result of disc herniation-related chronic low back pain and 15 back-healthy controls. Pain, disability, and depression scores were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short latency response of paraspinal muscles for unexpected upper limb loading was similar in healthy controls and patients with sciatica in supported standing. During normal standing anticipation shortened the lumbar reflex latency in healthy controls but not among the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide evidence for impaired feed-forward control of lumbar muscles in patients with sciatica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. ville.leionen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kankaanpää
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luukkonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Airaksinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taimela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012585:Sciatica / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology