title: Functional evidence for a role of vascular chymase in the production of angiotensin II in isolated human arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In human arteries, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors incompletely block the production of angiotensin (Ang) II from Ang I. This ACE-independent production of Ang II appears to be caused by serine proteases, one of which presumably is chymase. However, several serine proteases may produce Ang II, and the exact role of chymase in the vascular production of Ang II has never been directly evaluated using selective chymase inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rings of human mammary arteries were subjected to either Ang I or the chymase-selective substrate [pro,(11) D-Ala(12)] Ang I in the absence or the presence of the ACE inhibitor captopril, the serine protease inhibitor chymostatin, or the selective chymase inhibitor C41. Captopril only partially inhibited (by 33%) the response to Ang I. In the absence of captopril, C41 markedly reduced (by 44%) the response to Ang I, and this effect was identical to that of chymostatin. C41 also significantly reduced the response to Ang I in the presence of captopril, although this inhibitory effect was slightly less than that of captopril in combination with chymostatin. [Pro,(11)D-Ala(12)] Ang I induced potent contractions that were not affected by captopril but were abolished by chymostatin and markedly reduced by C41. In addition, we found that prior treatment of the patients with an ACE inhibitor did not affect the in vitro response to Ang I (in the absence or the presence of captopril) or to [Pro,(11)D-Ala(12)] Ang I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results reinforce the hypothesis that chymase is a major serine protease implicated in the ACE-independent production of Ang II in human arteries.
authors.affiliation: INSERM E9920 (IFRMP23), Rouen University Medical School, Rouen, France. Vincent.Richard@univ-rouen.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurel-Merle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scalbert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lallemand
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bessou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thuillez
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D053818:Chymases; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000803:Angiotensin I; C002101:chymostatin; D002216:Captopril; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053818:Chymases