title: Emerging viral diseases of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.
abstract: Over the past 6 years, a number of zoonotic and vectorborne viral diseases have emerged in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Vectorborne disease agents discussed in this article include Japanese encephalitis, Barmah Forest, Ross River, and Chikungunya viruses. However, most emerging viruses have been zoonotic, with fruit bats, including flying fox species as the probable wildlife hosts, and these will be discussed as well. The first of these disease agents to emerge was Hendra virus, formerly called equine morbillivirus. This was followed by outbreaks caused by a rabies-related virus, Australian bat lyssavirus, and a virus associated with porcine stillbirths and malformations, Menangle virus. Nipah virus caused an outbreak of fatal pneumonia in pigs and encephalitis in humans in the Malay Peninsula. Most recently, Tioman virus has been isolated from flying foxes, but it has not yet been associated with animal or human disease. Of nonzoonotic viruses, the most important regionally have been enterovirus 71 and HIV.
authors.affiliation: University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. jmac@biosci.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Halpin
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kirkland
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McMinn
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paru
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Pyke
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siba
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van den Hurk
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D010139:Pacific Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology