title: Apoptosis: biphasic dose responses.
abstract: The features of apoptotic dose responses typically have been evaluated over a broad dose-response continuum to differentiate apoptotic and necrotic responses. The present article specifically addresses the dose-response relationship for apoptosis in detail. It was determined that a number of well-documented cases exist in which the dose-response relationship for apoptosis is biphasic. The underlying mechanisms and biomedical implications of this biphasic dose-response phenomenon are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA. edwardc@schoolph.umass.edu
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Calabrese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009336:Necrosis; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011832:Radiation Injuries; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013619:Tacrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013619:Tacrine; D004126:Dimethylformamide; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019311:Staurosporine; D008550:Melatonin