title: [Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the clinical manifestations of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC), to analyse its associated diagnostic methods, and to improve the understanding of PLC and its diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 4 cases of PLC and review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical manifestations of PLC include: (1) dyspnea and cough; (2) normal or restrictive pattern ventilation; (3) diffuse or local reticulonodular infiltrates in the lung like interstitial fibrosis and pleural effusion on chest radiograph; (4) CT and high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans reveal a beaded chain appearance caused by uneven thickening of the interlobular septa and pleural membrane, polygonal thickening of bronchovascular bundles, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These clinical data suggest that any manifestations similar to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis complicated with pleural effusion and paratracheal lymphadenopathy should be further differentiated from PLC by HRCT and pleural-lung tissue biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Pathology, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100044.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D008205:Lymphangitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed