title: Risk factors for postoperative anxiety in adults.
abstract: We identified risk factors for postoperative anxiety and quantified their effect on 712 adults between 18 and 60 years of age (ASA I-III physical status) undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia, neural blockade or both. The measuring instruments were a structured questionnaire, a pain visual analogue scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, a Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, and a Self-Perception of Future Questionnaire. Multivariate conditional regression modelling taking into account the hierarchical relationship between risk factors revealed that postoperative anxiety was associated with ASA status III (OR = 1.48), history of smoking (1.62), moderate to intense postoperative pain (OR = 2.62) and high pain rating index (OR = 2.35), minor psychiatric disorders (OR = 1.87), pre-operative state-anxiety (OR = 2.65), and negative future perception (OR = 2.20). Neural block anaesthesia (OR = 0.72), systemic multimodal analgesia (OR = 0.62) and neuroaxial opioids with or without local anaesthesia (OR = 0.63) were found to be protective factors against postoperative anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Caumo
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Adamatti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bandeira
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009407:Nerve Block; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors