title: Surgery and postoperative radiation therapy in FIGO Stage IIIC endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcome, pattern(s) of failure, and optimal treatment volume in Stage IIIC endometrial carcinoma patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1983 and 1998, 30 Stage IIIC endometrial carcinoma patients were treated with primary surgery and postoperative RT at the University of Chicago. All underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, sampling of pelvic lymph nodes (PLN), and peritoneal cytology. All were noted to have PLN involvement. Para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) were sampled in 26 cases, and were positive in 14 cases (54%). Twenty women received whole-pelvic RT (WPRT) and 10 (WPRT), plus paraortic RT (extended-field RT, EFRT). One EFRT patient also underwent concomitant whole-abdominal RT (WART). Adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy (VB) was delivered in 10, chemotherapy in 5, and hormonal therapy in 7 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up of 32 months, the actuarial 5-year disease-free and cause-specific survivals of the entire group were 33.9% and 55.8%, respectively. Overall, 16 women (53%) relapsed. Sites of failure included the pelvis (23%), abdomen (13%), PALN (13%), and distant (40%). Of the 7 pelvic failures, 4 were vaginal (3 vaginal only). Patients treated with VB had a trend to a lower vaginal recurrence rate (0/10 vs. 4/20, p = 0.12) than those not receiving VB. All 4 PALN failures were in women treated with WPRT (2 negative, 1 unsampled, and 1 positive PALN). None of the 10 EFRT patients (2 negative, 8 positive PALN) recurred in the PALN. No patient developed an isolated abdominal recurrence. Two patients developed significant RT sequelae: chronic diarrhea in 1 patient treated with WPRT and VB, and small bowel obstruction in 1 patient treated with EFRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FIGO Stage IIIC disease comprises a small percentage of endometrial carcinoma patients but carries a poor prognosis. Our failure pattern suggests that the optimal adjuvant RT volume is EFRT, even in women with negative PALN sampling. VB should also be administered to improve local control. The low rate of abdominal recurrence does not support the routine use of WART in these women. Given the predominance of failure in distant sites, attention should be focused on the development of systemic chemotherapy protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mundt@rover.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mundt
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotmensch
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Waggoner
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Connell
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018283:Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D015993:Life Tables; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal