title: Prevention of bacterial diarrhea by pasteurization of drinking water in Kenya.
abstract: Diarrheal disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Drinking water is a primary transmission route of infectious diarrheagenic bacteria in a rural area of Kenya (Microbiol. Immunol. 41: 773-778, 1997). We tried to prevent diarrhea at villages with approximately 1,500 households in Kenya by pasteurizing drinking water. A durable simple thermoindicator which changes color at 70 C was used as an indicator of pasteurization. The number of households in which drinking water was coliform bacteria-free increased from 10.7% to 43.1% after adoption of a pasteurization practice. Consequently, the incidence of severe diarrhea among people drinking pasteurized water was significantly lower than in people taking raw water (odds ratio=0.55, P=0.0016). The reduction ratio of the incidence after pasteurization was nearly equivalent with that after the adoption of a boiling method. Employment of women leaders as fieldworkers and demonstration of bacterial colony disappearance on agar plates by pasteurization also affected reduction of the diarrheal incidence.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacteriology, Kobe Institute of Health, Hyogo, Japan. iijima@oak.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karama
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Oundo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D012424:Rural Population; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards