title: A mixture of alfentanil and morphine for rapid postoperative loading with opioid: theoretical basis and initial clinical investigation.
abstract: Pharmacokinetic modelling of estimated central nervous system concentrations was used to devise the optimal mixture of morphine and alfentanil for the treatment of postoperative pain. Modelling revealed that an intravenous opioid pain protocol using an alfentanil-morphine mixture in the proportions 0.75 : 10 mg would provide a profile of analgesia of rapid onset, yet slow offset. The regimen was evaluated in 58 patients in the recovery ward who were randomly allocated to receive analgesia using pain protocols with either morphine or the mixture. Groups were well matched for age, weight and initial pain scores. The mean (SD) time to patient comfort was 27.6 (20.2) min for the mixture and 41.2 (18.6) min for morphine (p = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that that initial pain score (p = 0.009) and drug group (p = 0.02), but not age, weight or gender were independent predictors of the time to comfort. Drug group was not a significant predictor of adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Adelaide University and Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. guy.ludbrook@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ludbrook
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Macintyre
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Upton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017060:Patient Satisfaction
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015760:Alfentanil; D009020:Morphine