title: A packed-bed fungal bioreactor for the continuous decolourisation of azo-dyes (Orange II).
abstract: The degradation of an azo dye, Orange II, by immobilised Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a continuous packed bed bioreactor for periods longer than 30 days has been carried out. Nearly complete decolourisation (>95%) was achieved when working at a high dye load rate of 0.2 g x l(-1) x d(-1), a temperature of 37 degrees C, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and applying oxygen gas in a pulsed flow. These conditions allowed Manganese peroxidase (MnP) production and the subsequently Orange II decolourisation. A correlation between residual MnP activity in the effluent and decolourisation was established. Apparently, for decolourisation to be effective, a minimum MnP activity was required, no substantial increase in efficiency at MnP activities higher than 10 U x 1(-1) was observed. The treatment caused, the breakdown of the chromophoric group as well as the cleavage of the aromatic ring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Gazila, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mielgo
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feijoo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lema
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D004396:Coloring Agents; C014722:2-naphthol orange; D010100:Oxygen