title: Intravascular ultrasound-guided renal artery stenting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing renal artery stenting with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance and compare measurements between IVUS and angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-one patients (71 women; mean age 71 +/- 8 years) underwent IVUS-guided Palmaz stent implantation in 153 stenotic renal arteries at a single center. The indications for stenting were uncontrolled hypertension (102, 77.9%), renal insufficiency (10, 7.6%), and both conditions (19, 14.5%). The majority of lesions were ostial (114, 74.5%); the remainder occupied the proximal renal artery (39, 25.5%). The mean lesion length and diameter stenosis were 6.5 +/- 3.0 mm and 74% +/- 10%, respectively, as measured by angiography. Data were recorded in a prespecified database; angiographic and IVUS images were analyzed at dedicated core laboratories and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiographic success was achieved in all patients, but IVUS indicated the need for additional intervention in 36 (23.5%) cases. There was strong correlation between the angiographic and IVUS measurements of lesion length (r = 0.60, p < 0.0001) and pre-/postprocedural minimal luminal diameter (r = 0.72 and 0.63, respectively; p < 0.0001). The mean contrast volume was 74 +/- 18 mL per case. In-hospital renal failure occurred in 8 (6.1%) patients; 2 (1.5%) required transient hemodialysis. At a mean 15-month follow-up, patients were treated with fewer antihypertensive medications (p = 0.05), and systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures had decreased (p = 0.001); no significant change was noted in serum creatinine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVUS-guided stenting facilitates safe renal artery revascularization. IVUS imaging may complement angiography in certain cases, which should be studied further in prospective studies with iodinated or noniodinated contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York 10022, USA. gdangas@crf.org
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dangas
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lansky
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015607:Stents; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional