Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current management strategies for chest pain in patients with normal findings on angiography.
Chest pain syndromes in patients with normal angiographic findings represent a multifactorial pathophysiologic state, which may range from abnormalities in pain perception to abnormalities in endothelial- and non-endothelial-dependent coronary flow reserve associated with myocardial ischemia. Treatment begins with an accurate diagnosis by obtaining a comprehensive history and performing a physical examination, followed possibly by performing functional angiography in those who continue to have symptoms. This approach may help to determine appropriate treatment.
Al Suwaidi
J
J
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
Higano
S T
ST
Holmes
D R
DR
Lerman
A
A
D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis