title: Targeting of doxorubicin to ES-2 human ovarian cancers in nude mice by linking to an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone improves its effectiveness.
abstract: Receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), expressed by ovarian cancers, can be used for targeting chemotherapeutic compounds more selectively to these tumors. We investigated the effects of cytotoxic LHRH analog AN-152, consisting of doxorubicin (DOX)-14-O-hemiglutarate linked to the epsilon-amino group of [D-Lys6]LHRH, on the growth of LHRH receptor-positive ES-2 human ovarian cancer line xenografted into nude mice. A single injection of AN-152, at a dose of 345 nmol/20 g body weight, caused a 34.5% reduction (P<0.05) in tumor growth after 28 days, while its cytotoxic moiety DOX was inactive at the same dose. Since the overexpression of certain growth factors and/or their receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2/neu, as well as various oncogenes like c-fos and c-jun, is associated with unfavorable prognosis and contributes to progressive growth of ovarian carcinomas, their mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR. Treatment with AN-152 significantly (P<0.05) reduced the expression of EGFR, VEGF, c-fos and c-jun, to 49%, 48%, 55% and 58% respectively, compared to controls. HER-2/neu mRNA expression was also decreased to non-detectable levels. Conversely, DOX decreased non-significantly the expression levels for EGFR by 32%, VEGF 35%, both c-fos and c-jun approximately 20% and HER-2/neu by only 15%. In conclusion, cytotoxic LHRH analog AN-152 could be considered for chemotherapy of ovarian cancers expressing LHRH receptors.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112-1262, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arencibia
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schally
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krupa
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bajo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szepeshazi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plonowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008222:Lymphokines; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C080883:LHRH, lysine(6)-doxorubicin