title: FLAIR imaging using nonselective inversion pulses combined with slice excitation order cycling and k-space reordering to reduce flow artifacts.
abstract: High-signal artifacts produced by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow can adversely affect fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging of the brain and spinal cord. This study explores the use of a nonslice-selective inversion pulse to eliminate CSF flow artifacts together with a technique called "K-space Reordered by Inversion-time for each Slice Position" (KRISP) to achieve constant contrast in a multislice acquisition. Theory shows that with this method the CSF point spread function (PSF) has a minimum at the center and attenuated side lobes, providing CSF suppression, but residual edge signals remain. The PSF for brain is only mildly attenuated and signals for extended regions are not attenuated. KRISP FLAIR sequences were assessed in 15 patients (10 brain and five spinal cord cases). The images showed reduced CSF and blood flow artifacts and higher conspicuity of the cortex, meninges, ventricular system, brainstem, and cerebellum when compared with conventional FLAIR sequences.
authors.affiliation: Robert Steiner Magnetic Resonance Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Herlihy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oatridge
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Curati
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Bydder
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Hajnal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012212:Rheology