title: Prognostic significance of pathologic features in localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy: implications for staging systems and predictive models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although predicting outcome for men with clinically localized prostate cancer (PC) has improved, the staging system and nomograms used to do this are based on results from the North American health system. To be internationally applicable, these models require testing in cohorts from a variety of different health systems based on the predominant PC case identification methods used.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 732 men with localized PC treated with radical prostatectomy and no preoperative therapy between 1986 and 1999 at one Australian institution to determine the effect of clinicopathologic features on disease-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, Gleason score, pathologic stage, and year of surgery were independent predictors of outcome. Although margin status demonstrated only a trend toward significance in multivariate modeling overall, it proved to be independent in subgroups based on later year of surgery (1986 to 1994 v 1995 to 1998), preoperative PSA of less than 10 ng/mL, and Gleason score > or = 7. Adjuvant radiation therapy improved disease-free survival rates in patients with multiple surgical margin involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work confirms the prognostic significance of pathologic stage, Gleason score, and preoperative serum PSA. In the context of a contemporaneous screening effect in Australia, these findings may have implications for methods that predict outcome following surgery as screening becomes more prevalent in a population. The independent prognostic effect of margin status may alter with an increase in the proportion of screening-identified PCs. Staging systems and nomograms that predict outcome following surgery require validation in cohorts with different health practices before being universally applied.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Henshall
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kooner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golovsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Delprado
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grygiel
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Stricker
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000592:standards*; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen