In vitro characterization of the inhibition profile of loratadine, desloratadine, and 3-OH-desloratadine for five human cytochrome P-450 enzymes.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate loratadine, desloratadine, and 3-OH-desloratadine as inhibitors of certain human liver cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Pooled human liver microsomes were used to determine whether loratadine, desloratadine, and 3-OH-desloratadine were inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. Loratadine did not inhibit CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 at concentrations up to 3829 ng/ml, which is approximately 815-fold greater than the expected maximal human plasma concentration (4.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml) following the recommended dose of 10 mg/day. Loratadine inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 with IC(50) values of approximately 0.76 microM [291 ng/ml; K(i) congruent with 0.61 microM (234 ng/ml)] and 8.1 microM [3100 ng/ml; K(i) congruent with 2.7 microM (1034 ng/ml)], respectively, which are approximately 62 and 660 times the expected loratadine therapeutic exposure concentration. Neither desloratadine nor 3-OH-desloratadine inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP3A4 greater than 25% at concentrations of 3108 or 3278 ng/ml, respectively. These results suggest that loratadine and the active metabolites desloratadine and 3-OH-desloratadine are unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of coadministered drugs which are metabolized by these five cytochrome P-450 enzymes.
Barecki
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Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Lafayette, NJ 07848-0032, USA. mary.barecki@spcorp.com
Casciano
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CN
Johnson
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Clement
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D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D065609:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D065690:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017336:Loratadine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D065609:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; D065690:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D017336:Loratadine; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; C121345:desloratadine