title: Does cognitive-behavioral insomnia therapy alter dysfunctional beliefs about sleep?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to exam the degree to which cognitive-behavioral insomnia therapy (CBT) reduces dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and to determine if such cognitive changes correlate with sleep improvements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled design in which participants were randomized to CBT, progressive muscle relaxation training or a sham behavioral intervention. Each treatment was provided in 6 weekly, 30-60-minute individual therapy sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sleep disorders center of a large university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five individuals (ages 40 to 80 years of age) who met strict criteria for persistent primary sleep-maintenance insomnia were enrolled in this trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants completed the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep (DBAS) Scale, as well as other assessment procedures before treatment, shortly after treatment, and at a six-month follow-up. Items composing a factor-analytically derived DBAS short form (DBAS-SF) were then used to compare treatment groups across time points. Results showed CBT produced larger changes on the DBAS-SF than did the other treatments, and these changes endured through the follow-up period. Moreover, these cognitive changes were correlated with improvements noted on both objective and subjective measures of insomnia symptoms, particularly within the CBT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT is effective for reducing dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and such changes are associated with other positive outcomes in insomnia treatment.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Service, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. jack.edinger@duke.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Edinger
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Wohlgemuth
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Quillian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires