title: Evidence for recent climate change on Mars from the identification of youthful near-surface ground ice.
abstract: Ground ice in the crust and soil may be one of the largest reservoirs of water on Mars. Near-surface ground ice is predicted to be stable at latitudes higher than 40 degrees (ref. 4), where a number of geomorphologic features indicative of viscous creep and hence ground ice have been observed. Mid-latitude soils have also been implicated as a water-ice reservoir, the capacity of which is predicted to vary on a 100,000-year timescale owing to orbitally driven variations in climate. It is uncertain, however, whether near-surface ground ice currently exists at these latitudes, and how it is changing with time. Here we report observational evidence for a mid-latitude reservoir of near-surface water ice occupying the pore space of soils. The thickness of the ice-occupied soil reservoir (1-10 m) and its distribution in the 30 degrees to 60 degrees latitude bands indicate a reservoir of (1.5-6.0) x 104 km3, equivalent to a global layer of water 10-40 cm thick. We infer that the reservoir was created during the last phase of high orbital obliquity less than 100,000 years ago, and is now being diminished.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. john_mustard@brown.edu
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mustard
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rifkin
mesh_terms: D002980:Climate; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D007053:Ice; D018535:Mars
chemical_list: D007053:Ice