title: Outcome in patients with end-stage renal disease following heart or heart--lung transplantation receiving peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-stage renal disease (ESRD) complicates 5--10% of heart and heart--lung transplant patients. We report our experience of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in 17 such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1995 and February 1999, 13 heart transplant and four heart--lung transplant patients (11 male, 6 female) joined our PD programme (10 continuous ambulatory PD, seven automated PD). Median time from heart or heart--lung transplantation to ESRD was 9 years (range 1--13 years), and median age at introduction of renal replacement therapy was 51 years (range 23--66 years). The frequency of exit-site infections, peritonitis, and PD survival (including technique failure and death) in the transplant group (TxP) was calculated retrospectively. These were compared with two contemporary control groups: PD patients immunosuppressed for other indications (ISP, n=19) and, all other patients recruited onto the PD programme (NISP, n=132).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 10 months (range 2--27 months) for TxP, 7 months (range 2--29 months) for ISP, and 14 months (range 1--48 months) for NISP groups. The frequency of exit-site infections was similar in each group: 1 in 26 months for TxP; 1 in 30 months for ISP, and 1 in 27 months for NISP (P=NS). The frequency of peritonitis was greater in the TxP group at 1 in 15 months, compared with 1 in 20 months for ISP and 1 in 29 months for NISP (TxP vs NISP, P<0.05). PD failure following infection was 23.5% for TxP, 10.5% for ISP, and 12.9% for NISP. Actuarial PD survival at 24 months was only 25.2% in the TxP group compared with 79% in the NISP group. There were no deaths related to immediate complications of PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased risk of PD peritonitis and reduced PD survival is reported in this cohort of 17 heart and heart--lung recipients with ESRD. Nevertheless, for patients with severely impaired cardiac function, PD may still offer therapeutic advantage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Middlesex Hospital, UCLH Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Jayasena
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Neild
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Woolfson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome