title: Clonogenic analysis reveals reserve stem cells in postnatal mammals: I. Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Clonal populations of lineage-uncommitted pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells have been identified in prenatal avians and rodents. These cells reside in the connective tissue matrices of many organs and tissues. They demonstrate extended capabilities for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple separate tissues within the mesodermal germ line. This study was designed to determine whether such cells are present in the connective tissues of postnatal mammals. This report describes a cell clone derived by isolation from postnatal rat connective tissues, cryopreservation, extended propagation, and serial dilution clonogenic analysis. In the undifferentiated state, this clone demonstrates a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and extended capacity for self-renewal. Subsequent morphological, histochemical, and immunochemical analysis after the induction of differentiation revealed phenotypic markers characteristic of multiple cell types of mesodermal origin, such as skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, fat cells, cartilage, and bone. These results indicate that this clone consists of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells. This report demonstrates that clonal populations of reserve stem cells are present in mammals after birth. Potential roles for such cells in the maintenance, repair, and regeneration of mesodermal tissues are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia 31207, USA. young_he@mercer.edu
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duplaa
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cuzzourt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D003238:Connective Tissue; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology