title: Evoked fear and effects of appeals on attitudes to performing breast self-examination: an information-processing perspective.
abstract: The effect of fear arousal on attitude toward participating in early detection activities [i.e. breast self-examination (BSE)] was studied from an information-processing perspective. It was hypothesized that fear arousal motivates respondents to more argument-based processing of fear-relevant persuasive information. Respondents first read information about breast cancer in which fear was manipulated. After measuring fear arousal, respondents read a persuasive message about performing BSE. Analyses with reported fear, but not manipulated fear, found support for the hypothesis. Respondents who reported mild fear of breast cancer based their attitude toward BSE more on the arguments provided than respondents who reported low fear of breast cancer. This finding suggests that the use of fear arousal may be an efficient tool in health education practice. However, alternative interpretations are provided, in addition to the suggestion to be careful with using fear arousal in health education messages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ruiter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verplanken
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016504:Breast Self-Examination / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014495:Universities