title: Dealing with daily hassles: smoking and African-American adolescent girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine cigarette use and its relationship to daily life hassles in an urban sample of African-American adolescent girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 105 African-American adolescent girls (mean age of 15.45 years) derived from a larger cross-sectional research project titled "Female Adolescent Substance Experience Study" funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse comprised the sample. The sample was divided into adolescents who had ever smoked in their lifetime and adolescents who had never smoked before. Student's t-tests were conducted to determine whether there were differences between these groups on demographic characteristics and the number of daily life hassles. Pearson product moment correlations were also conducted to examine the association between age of smoking initiation and number of hassles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less than 50% of the teenagers had ever smoked cigarettes in their lifetime, and of those who had ever smoked, the average age of initiation was 12.55 years (SD = 2.63). Furthermore, girls who had ever smoked, in contrast to girls who had never smoked, had a significantly greater number of daily life hassles, in general, and within the school/academic and family/economic domains in particular. Age of smoking initiation was negatively related to the number of hassles, indicating that girls who started to smoke at a younger age reported more hassles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are discussed in terms of developing an understanding of gender and ethnic-specific correlates of smoking that can be used to better delineate the developmental smoking trajectory of African-American girls.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. bguthrie@umich.edu
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kintner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014505:Urban Population