title: Is general practice effective? A systematic literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find evidence of the effectiveness of physicians working in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature search in the Medline and Cochrane databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 7223 titles found in the search, 45 studies, comparing, from different aspects, primary care with specialist care, were extracted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health indicators, health care costs, quality of health care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary care contributed to improved public health, as expressed through different health parameters, and a lower utilisation of medical care leading to lower costs. Physicians working in primary care, in comparison with other specialists, took care of many diseases without loss of quality and often at lower cost. The organisation of primary care was important in respect of reimbursement by capitation, more group practices, higher personal continuity, and having generalists as primary care physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To compare the effectiveness of primary care and specialist care is a complex task and there are limitations in all studies. However, we have found evidence that increased accessibility to physicians working in primary care contributes to better health and lower total costs in the health care system. It is also clear that studies with evaluation of how to most effectively organise primary care are far too few. There is an extensive need for future research in this area, a suitable task for collaborative research between the Nordic countries.
authors.affiliation: General Practice, Department of Medicine of Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. sven.engstrom@lio.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foldevi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borgquist
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D017048:Health Care Costs; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006801:Humans; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome