title: Responsiveness to brightness change in hooded rats: effects of sex and procedure.
abstract: In an investigation of recognition memory involving a preference test, hooded rats of both sexes were individually confined to the stem and choice area of a T- or Y-maze by means of clear Perspex barriers across each arm entrance that enabled the subjects to see into but not enter the arms. Following removal of the barriers and changing of one arm to opposite brightness, the first arm entered and the number of entries of and time spent in each arm were recorded. In the first experiment, rats entered first the arm that had been changed. During the first minute of observation, they also entered this novel arm more often and spent more time in it than the unchanged arm, irrespective of the type of change. In a second experiment, when the change was from one arm black and the other white to two black arms, more responsiveness occurred after 6-min prior exposure (without access) than after 3 min. In both experiments, the nature of the apparatus (T- or Y-maze) affected several outcomes, but the most significant influence was of the sex of the subjects. Females appeared less responsive to change than males as determined by entries of and time spent in the changed arm. Rather than inferiority of females in recognition or spatial memory, the sex effects were most likely due to their more rapid habituation to novelty possibly assisted by superior visual exploration capacities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
authors.forename: R N.
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hughes