title: Rapid evaluation of left ventricular volume and mass without breath-holding using real-time interactive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to validate cardiac measurements derived from real-time cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as compared with well-validated conventional cine MRI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although cardiac MRI provides accurate assessment of left ventricular (LV) volume and mass, most techniques have been relatively slow and required electrocardiogram (ECG) gating over many heart beats. A newly developed real-time MRI system allows continuous real-time dynamic acquisition and display without cardiac gating or breath-holding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy volunteers and nine patients with heart failure underwent real-time and cine MRI in the standard short-axis orientation with a 1.5T MRI scanner. Nonbreath-holding cine MRI was performed with ECG gating and respiratory compensation. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular endsystolic volume (LVESV), ejection fraction (EF) and LV mass calculated from the images obtained by real-time MRI were compared to those obtained by cine MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total study time including localization for real-time MRI was significantly shorter than cine MRI (8.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 24.7 +/- 3.5 min, p < 0.001). Both imaging techniques yielded good quality images allowing cardiac measurements. The measurements of LVEDV, LVESV, EF and LV mass obtained with real-time MRI showed close correlation with those obtained with cine MRI (LVEDV: r = 0.985, p < 0.001; LVESV: r = 0.994, p < 0.001; EF: r = 0.975, p < 0.001; LV mass: r = 0.977, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time MRI provides accurate measurements of LV volume and mass in a time-efficient manner with respect to image acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macovski
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012119:Respiration; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis*