title: Effects of a tartar control whitening dentifrice on tooth shade in a population with long-standing natural stain.
abstract: Changing and whitening tooth color in people with long-standing tooth stain without excessive hard tissue abrasion may represent one of the more difficult challenges for whitening dentifrices. An eight-week clinical trial was conducted to evaluate change in tooth color by a silica-based, enamel-safe tartar control whitening dentifrice compared to a marketed baking soda dentifrice control. First, a screening exercise was conducted to identify individuals with long-standing extrinsic dental stain. This exercise targeted adults who reported "stained teeth" and coffee/tea drinking or smoking, but who had no recent history of dental prophylaxis. Targeted subjects were examined for stain (Lobene Index) and tooth shade/color (Vita). A total of 291 adults having extrinsic stain and discolored teeth were enrolled in the study. Subjects were randomized to one of the two treatment groups, and all dentifrice use was unsupervised. Tooth color was measured at 4 and 8 weeks from shade values collected from the 8 incisors, and averages were determined from a linear ordering of the shade guide. A total of 278 evaluable subjects completed the 8-week study. Overall, the tartar control whitening dentifrice group experienced an improvement in color, differing statistically from baseline (p < 0.001) and from the marketed control (p < 0.05). Safety profiles for the two dentifrices were generally similar. Among patients with long-standing extrinsic stain, use of the tartar control whitening dentifrice resulted in superior overall tooth shade and reduced maximum or worst color compared to the marketed baking soda dentifrice control.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Health Care Research Center, Mason, OH, USA. gerlach.rw@pg.com
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cordero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D003116:Color; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012449:Safety; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects; D014070:Tooth / Q000473:pathology; D014073:Tooth Bleaching; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003069:Coffee; D003802:Dentifrices; D011756:Diphosphates; D013662:Tea; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride