title: Smoking during pregnancy in Wisconsin compared to the United States, 1997.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to identify disparities in maternal smoking between Wisconsin and United States women and to determine differences that explain the higher percentage of pregnant women who smoke in Wisconsin compared to the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  1997 Wisconsin and US birth certificate data were compared and stratified by age, education, and race/ethnicity. The relative risks (the risk of Wisconsin women smoking during pregnancy compared to US women smoking during pregnancy) were calculated by direct standardization to the 1997 US distribution for these characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1997, 17.9% of Wisconsin women smoked during pregnancy, compared with 13.2% nationally (relative risk [RR] = 1.4; Wisconsin women were 40% more likely to smoke than US women). Age and education adjusted RRs among Wisconsin women aged 20 and older were 2.3 (American Indian), 2.8 (Hispanic), and 2.2 (non-Hispanic black), while the RR was 1.2 for non-Hispanic white mothers. Among women 20 and older, the crude RR for Wisconsin was 1.5; adjusting for age, education, and race/ethnicity only slightly decreased the RR to 1.4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percentage of women who smoke during pregnancy in Wisconsin continues to be above the national rate and the Healthy People 2000 goal of 10% or less. Disparities with the US average are particularly great for minority women in Wisconsin. Adjusting for age, education and ethnicity does not explain Wisconsin's higher prenatal smoking rate.
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin Women's Health Foundation, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jehn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kvale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weisskopf
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glysch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology