title: Microsatellite analysis reveals a high incidence of maternal cell contamination in 46,XX products of conception consisting of villi or a combination of villi and membranous material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the use of microsatellite analysis, we sought to determine the incidence of maternal cell contamination in 46,XX products of conception consisting of villi or a combination of villi and membranous material.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deoxyribonucleic acid from cultured fibroblasts of 46,XX products of conception specimens and a corresponding maternal blood sample were obtained from 31 women. Maternal and fetal genotypes for several highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal cell contamination was present in 26 (89.7%) of the 29 products of conception specimens from which conclusive results were obtained. The contamination appeared to completely obscure the fetal material in 24 of these specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion of 46,XX karyotypes from products of conception represents maternal cell contamination. When maternal cells rather than fetal cells are karyotyped, no information is gained regarding the chromosome constitution of the abortus, and genetic counseling regarding recurrence risks for future pregnancies may be inaccurate. Thus laboratories should exercise caution when reporting normal female karyotypes on products of conception and should consider using microsatellite analysis to determine whether 46,XX results are truly representative of the fetal karyotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Genetics, the University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Michaelis
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Best
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics*; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009035:Mothers; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D012744:Sex Ratio; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D004247:DNA