title: Skew deviation as a complication of cardiac catheterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report three patients who developed diplopia and skew deviation after cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients complained of diplopia after cardiac catheterization for myocardial infarction (two male patients) or aortic dissection (one female patient). Examination demonstrated skew deviation in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diplopia and skew deviation were mild and resolved completely in 4 months (case 1), 16 months (case 2), and 1.5 months (case 3). Sensitive signs of minor ischemic damage to the brain stem that cause such disorders are not detectable by neuroimaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rarely, cardiac catheterization may be complicated by diplopia and skew deviation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan. suzukitn@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chikuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000601:surgery; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields