title: Fractionated stereotactically guided radiotherapy and radiosurgery in the treatment of functional and nonfunctional adenomas of the pituitary gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated survival rates and side effects after fractionated stereotactically guided radiotherapy (SCRT) and radiosurgery in patients with pituitary adenoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 1998, 68 patients were treated with FSRT (n = 63) or radiosurgery (n = 5) for pituitary adenomas. Twenty-six had functional and 42 had nonfunctional adenomas. Follow-up included CT/MRI, endocrinologic, and ophthalmologic examinations. Mean follow-up was 38.7 months. Seven patients received radiotherapy as primary treatment and 39 patients received it postoperatively for residual disease. Twenty-two patients were treated for recurrent disease after surgery. Mean total dose was 52.2 Gy for SCRT, and 15 Gy for radiosurgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall local tumor control was 93% (60/65 patients). Forty-three patients had stable disease based on CT/MRI, while 15 had a reduction of tumor volume. After FSRT, 26% with a functional adenoma had a complete remission and 19% had a reduction of hormonal overproduction after 34 months' mean. Two patients with STH-secreting adenomas had an endocrinologic recurrence, one with an ACTH-secreting adenoma radiologic recurrence, within 54 months. Reduction of visual acuity was seen in 4 patients and partial hypopituitarism in 3 patients. None of the patients developed brain radionecrosis or radiation-induced gliomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactically guided radiotherapy is effective and safe in the treatment of pituitary adenomas to improve local control and reduce hormonal overproduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Radiation Therapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Stefanie_Milker-Zabel@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milker-Zabel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Debus
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thilmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wannenmacher
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010910:Pituitary Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome