title: Loss of chromosomal integrity in human mammary epithelial cells subsequent to escape from senescence.
abstract: The genomic changes that foster cancer can be either genetic or epigenetic in nature. Early studies focused on genetic changes and how mutational events contribute to changes in gene expression. These point mutations, deletions and amplifications are known to activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. More recently, multiple epigenetic changes that can have a profound effect on carcinogenesis have been identified. These epigenetic events, such as the methylation of promoter sequences in genes, are under active investigation. In this review we will describe a methylation event that occurs during the propagation of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) in culture and detail the accompanying genetic alterations that have been observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, 94143-0506, USA. ttlsty@itsa.icsf.edu
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Tlsty
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Romanov
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kozakiewicz
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral