title: Neck muscle responses to abrupt vertical acceleration in the seated human.
abstract: The control of neck muscle during marked changes in "g" loading must be to protect head-trunk orientation. However, little is known about the organization of reflexes. We therefore investigated the shortest latency in neck muscle evoked by abrupt ascending and descending vertical acceleration with a stroke of 20 cm and peak acceleration 0.4xg in six healthy subjects. The subjects were seated upright and restrained on a chair driven by a hydraulic servo system. Ascent induced small responses in sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCMs) with a latency of 24.0 ms (SE 1.7) from onset of head acceleration, followed by larger responses of 100 ms in duration. In comparison the responses in SCMs evoked by descent were significantly delayed, with greater interindividual variations at 44.1 ms (SE 3.1) and smaller in amplitude than responses in ascent. Latencies were consistent and showed no habituation. In order to eliminate stretch components, we measured the neck responses to vertical acceleration with the head fixed by cervical collar. The latency of the fast response of SCM evoked by ascent was not significantly different from the latency of SCMs without the collar. These results may indicate that the fast responses of SCMs to sudden ascent may be composed of a vestibular-collic reflex for making the neck and head rigid for defense to sudden gravitational change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Tsukasa-machi 40, Gifu 500-8705, Japan. aoki@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunami
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: y  Han
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*