title: Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and arthritis in the rat by GW3333, a dual inhibitor of TNF-alpha-converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-converting enzyme (TACE) cleaves the precursor form of TNF, allowing the mature form to be secreted into the extracellular space. GW3333, a dual inhibitor of TACE and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), was compared with an anti-TNF antibody to evaluate the importance of soluble TNF and MMPs in rat models of arthritis. Oral administration of GW3333 completely blocked increases in plasma TNF after LPS for up to 12 h. In a model wherein intrapleural zymosan injection causes an increase in TNF in the pleural cavity, GW3333 completely inhibited the increase in TNF in the pleural cavity for 12 h. Under these dosing conditions, the plasma levels of unbound GW3333 were at least 50-fold above the IC(50) values for inhibition of individual MMPs in vitro. In a model wherein bacterial peptidoglycan polysaccharide polymers reactivate a local arthritis response in the ankle, a neutralizing anti-TNF antibody completely blocked the ankle swelling over the 3-day reactivation period. GW3333 administered b.i.d. over the same period also inhibited ankle swelling, with the highest dose of 80 mg/kg being slightly less active than the anti-TNF antibody. In a 21-day adjuvant arthritis model, the anti-TNF antibody did not inhibit the ankle swelling or the joint destruction, as assessed by histology or radiology. GW3333, however, showed inhibition of both ankle swelling and joint destruction. In conclusion, GW3333 is the first inhibitor with sufficient duration of action to chronically inhibit TACE and MMPs in the rat. The efficacy of GW3333 suggests that dual inhibitors of TACE and matrix metalloproteinases may prove therapeutic as antiarthritics.
authors.affiliation: Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. jgc1982@glaxowellcome.com
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beaudet
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bickett
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boncek
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Crumrine
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Leenitzer
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: McDougald
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hedeen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pink
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tippin
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Scates
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selph
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stimpson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Becherer
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004151:Dipeptides; C434456:GW 3333; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; C000606464:Adam17 protein, rat