title: Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth at the newly formed edentulous ridge in rats: a morphological and histometric evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced overgrowth seldom occurs at sites distant from teeth, the periodontal ligament has been considered significant. The aim of this study was to examine overgrowth occurrence at the edentulous ridge--the sites without the ligament--after CsA therapy in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  After extracting all right maxillary molars, 16 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 2-week healing period. The animals were separated into CsA and control groups. CsA rats received 15 mg/kg of CsA by gastric feeding for 4 weeks, while the control group received only mineral oil. At the end of study, all animals were sacrificed and stone models were immediately obtained by rubber-based impressions. The edentulous ridge morphology, including the bucco-lingual width and the vertical height, was measured on the models. For histometry, 10 sections were selected from the edentulous ridge of each animal after undecalcified tissue preparation. The soft tissue areas of the edentulous ridge and the trabecular bone morphology of the dental alveolus were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CsA therapy produced a significant increase of the ridge width and height, measured from the stone models, when compared to the control group. Under histometry, CsA resulted in a significant increase of the epithelium, connective tissue, and total soft tissue areas. The measured trabecular bone volume was affected by both examining factors: the drug therapy and the location of the dental alveolus. CsA therapy produced a significant loss of bone volume but a significant increase of the bone-specific surface area. Although the mean osteoid volume was similar between CsA and control groups, a significant decrease of the fractional formation surface in the CsA group was revealed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An enlarged edentulous ridge and an altered dental alveolar bone morphology were observed in CsA-treated animals at the end of the study; therefore, we suggest that CsA may induce not only a soft tissue overgrowth but also an alveolar bone alteration at the edentulous ridge. The hypothesis that tooth or periodontal ligament is an essential component for the overgrowth development is questioned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. dentalab@tpts5.seed.net.tw
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nieh
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D003765:Models, Dental; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014048:Tolonium Chloride
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D016572:Cyclosporine