title: Psoas hitch ureteral reimplantation in adults--analysis of a modified technique and timing of repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The psoas hitch ureteral reimplantation technique has been used with great success to bridge defects in ureteral length due to injury or planned resection. Several surgical principles have been historically stressed when performing this procedure, including adequate mobilization of the bladder, fixation of the bladder to the psoas tendon before reimplantation, the use of a submucosal nonrefluxing-type ureteral anastomosis, and a 6-week delay before attempting repair after a surgical injury. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent ureteroneocystostomy with a psoas hitch, evaluated the relevance of these principles, and describe a modification of the technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients undergoing psoas hitch ureteral reimplantation were reviewed. The indications, complications, and long-term outcomes were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1989 and 1999, 24 patients underwent psoas hitch reimplantation at our institution. The indications were operative injury in 11, planned surgical resection during nonurologic pelvic surgery in 4, cancer in 4, stricture in 4, and trauma in 1. Refluxing-type ureteral anastomoses were performed in 17 cases. One case of postoperative urosepsis occurred. A delayed repair after operative injury did not improve the operative time or overall morbidity. No cases of chronic flank pain, recurrent pyelonephritis, persistent severe hydronephrosis, or compromised renal function, as measured by a change in baseline serum creatinine level, occurred. No patient required reoperation for either early or delayed complications or failure of the repair at a follow-up of 1 to 122 months (mean 32.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psoas hitch ureteral reimplantation is an effective means of treating defects in ureteral length. Immediate repair may be safely undertaken as soon as the ureteral injury is recognized. Long-term sequelae are unusual in adults, even when using refluxing-type ureteral anastomoses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Loughlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery