title: Will mixed chimerism cure autoimmune diseases after a nonmyeloablative stem cell transplant?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mixed chimerism after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been shown to cure a number of genetic disorders in both the clinical and experimental settings. Although encouraging results have been reported from animal experiments, the role of mixed chimerism in eliminating autoimmune disorders is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50-year-old man with extensive psoriasis received an allogeneic transplant from his brother after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, melphalan, and Campath-1H for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The chimerism status and the immunological recovery after the transplant were serially monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one months after the transplant, the patient continues to be in complete remission from psoriasis and lymphoma with stable mixed chimerism (30% to 40% donor cells), despite significant recovery of T-cell subsets and antigen-specific response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If mixed chimerism can be achieved safely with novel low-intensity conditioning regimens and results in sustained remission of autoimmune diseases, allogeneic transplantation may become a realistic therapy in the management of some patients with autoimmune disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, B9 5SS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bryon
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Milligan
mesh_terms: D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000078224:Lenograstim; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000078224:Lenograstim; D016572:Cyclosporine; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine; D008558:Melphalan