title: DNA microarrays and beyond: completing the journey from tissue to cell.
abstract: For the cell biologist, identifying changes in gene expression using DNA microarrays is just the start of a long journey from tissue to cell. We discuss how chip users can first filter noise (false-positives) from daunting microarray datasets. Combining laser capture microdissection with real-time polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription is a helpful follow-up step that allows expression of selected genes to be quantified using sensitive new in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods based on tyramide signal amplification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cagan
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007834:Lasers; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction