title: A cross-over clinical and electromyographic assessment of treatment for parkinsonian tremor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs exert influence on parkinsonian rest and postural tremor is a subject of debate. Different types of tremor may be influenced differently by the drugs. The aim of this study was to reevaluate the differential effects of levodopa and anticholinergic drugs on parkinsonian tremor in different limb positions and on different types of postural tremor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with parkinsonian resting tremor and postural tremor were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the electromyographic pattern of the postural tremor. We found fast synchronous postural tremor (>7 Hz) in 16 patients, and slow alternating postural tremor in 22 patients. The tremor was scored clinically in each limb position using the Webster Tremor Scale. Surface electromyographic recordings from the most involved limb in all positions were also performed. The patients were randomly assigned to levodopa (one 250/50-mg tablet), or to biperiden (one 3-mg tablet). Tremor was assessed by clinical and electromyographic examinations at base line 1h following ingestion of the drug. The subjective tremor improvement was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that levodopa had a good effect on the amplitude of the resting tremor, while the effect of biperiden was weaker. Both levodopa and biperiden has less effect on postural tremor. However, levodopa's effect was better than that of biperiden. Levodopa and biperiden had better effect on slow alternating postural tremor than on fast synchronous postural tremor. They had no effect on kinetic and intention tremors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levodopa and anticholinergic drugs have differing effects on both resting and postural tremor Also, the different categories of postural tremor respond differently to treatment. The mechanisms underlying resting parkinsonian tremor may be different from those underlying postural, kinetic and intention tremor. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying different types of postural tremor may be different.
authors.affiliation: University Neurological Hospital, St. Naum III Neurological Clinic, Blvd. Tzarigradsko shosse-IV km, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. milanovivan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milanov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001712:Biperiden; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D001712:Biperiden; D007980:Levodopa