title: Metabolic alterations in dogs with osteosarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) as well as protein and carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  15 weight-stable dogs with OSA that did not have other concurrent metabolic or endocrine illness and twelve 1-year-old sexually intact female Beagles (control dogs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Indirect calorimetry was performed on all dogs to determine REE and respiratory quotient (RQ). Stable isotope tracers (15N-glycine, 4.5 mg/kg of body weight, IV; 6,6-deuterium-glucose, 4.5 mg/kg, IV as a bolus, followed by continuous-rate infusion at 1.5 mg/kg/h for 3 hours) were used to determine rate of protein synthesis and glucose flux in all dogs. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were performed to determine total body composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accounting for metabolic body size, REE in dogs with OSA was significantly higher before and after surgery, compared with REE of healthy control dogs. The RQ values did not differ significantly between groups. Dogs with OSA also had decreased rates of protein synthesis, increased urinary nitrogen loss, and increased glucose flux during the postoperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations in energy expenditure, protein synthesis, urinary nitrogen loss, and carbohydrate flux were evident in dogs with OSA, similar to results documented in humans with neoplasia. Changes were documented in REE as well as protein and carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with OSA. These changes were evident even in dogs that did not have clinical signs of cachexia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mazzaferro
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wingfield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fettman
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose; D005998:Glycine