title: Prevention and management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section: a survey of practice.
abstract: Hypotension during obstetric spinal anaesthesia has traditionally been managed by such measures as fluid preloading, positioning of the patient and the use of vasoconstrictors. However, studies and reports have regularly appeared in the literature disputing the value of conventional management, in particular, the fluid preload. With this in mind, we surveyed UK consultant obstetric anaesthetists to determine current practice in this area. Of the 558 respondents, 486 (87.1%) stated that they routinely give a fluid preload. The fluid chosen by 405 (83.3%) of the preloaders was Hartmann's solution and the usual volume, chosen by 194 (39.9%), was 1000 ml. A simple left lateral position was preferred by 221 respondents (39.6%) overall and in the treatment of hypotension, ephedrine was the sole vasoconstrictor selected by 531 (95.2%). Heavy bupivacaine 0.5% was the local anaesthetic chosen by 545 (97.7%) and 407 (72.9%) respondents indicated the use of additional spinal drugs.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Women's Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK. sburns@lineone.net
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Wilkes
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods*; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011364:Professional Practice; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004809:Ephedrine; D002045:Bupivacaine