title: Radiofrequency modified maze in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing concomitant cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the majority of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation the arrhythmia will persist after correction of the underlying structural abnormality. The maze procedure is an effective surgical method to eliminate atrial fibrillation and to restore atrial contractility.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we used radiofrequency energy to create lines of conduction block in both atria during cardiac surgery as a modification of the maze III procedure. One hundred twenty-two patients with atrial fibrillation for at least 1 year and structural heart disease underwent open heart operation and a radiofrequency modified maze procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 108 (89%) of 122 patients mitral valve surgery was performed, and in this group 86 patients (80%) underwent 121 concomitant procedures. Fourteen patients (11%) underwent cardiac surgery not involving the mitral valve. The additional crossclamp time required for the left atrial part of the radiofrequency modified maze procedure was 14 +/- 3 minutes. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.1%. The overall 39-month survival was 90%, and freedom of atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation was 78.5% +/- 5.1%. Eighty-nine survivors with sinus, atrial rhythm, or atrioventricular sequential pacemaker had Doppler echocardiography, and right atrial transport function was documented in 83% and left atrial transport function in 77% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the radiofrequency modified maze procedure as an adjunctive procedure is safe, time-sparing, and effective in eliminating atrial fibrillation and restoring atrial transport function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Isala Klinieken, Hospital De Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands. hauwsie@worldonline.nl
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sie
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Beukema
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Misier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elvan
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ennema
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haalebos
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wellens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome