title: Multiple recurrences in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the orbit: a case report and a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the onset of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the orbit 8 years after irradiation in a patient with neurofibromatosis type-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report of a young man with neurofibromatosis type-1 who received irradiation for presumed bilateral optic nerve and chiasmal gliomas and in whom a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor later developed. Exenteration with extirpation of the entire contents of the orbit was performed 6 times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete recurrence of the tumor occurred after each surgical procedure until the patient died of malignancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case underscores the risk of irradiation, especially in children with neurofibromatosis type-1, and emphasizes that radiotherapy should never be given as an empirical therapy. The authors believe that irradiation and neurofibromatosis type-1 may, in combination, pose a significant risk for the development of malignancies. Clear-cut indications and a precise tissue diagnosis are desirable before the initiation of radiotherapy, particularly in the pediatric population. We recommend that if irradiation is necessary in persons with neurofibromatosis type-1, regular follow-up is imperative. In view of the hostile nature of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, early aggressive treatment appears to be the only viable alternative at present.
authors.affiliation: Atlantic Eye and Face Center, Cary, North Carolina 27513, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: DeBacker
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lipham
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gayre
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Klintworth
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005910:Glioma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018317:Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009456:Neurofibromatosis 1 / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009897:Optic Chiasm / Q000528:radiation effects; D019574:Optic Nerve Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D017233:Orbit Evisceration; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery