title: Elevated plasma levels of soluble receptors of TNF-alpha and their association with smoking and microvascular complications in young adults with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The purposes of this study were 1) to compare soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors, which are thought to reflect the degree of TNF-alpha activation, in nondiabetic subjects and type 1 diabetic patients, and 2) to evaluate the effects of smoking and microvascular complications on soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor levels in type 1 diabetic individuals. Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor levels (R1 and R2) were measured in 50 young type 1 diabetic patients without clinical macroangiopathy and in a matched group of 20 healthy volunteers. When diabetic patients were grouped according to smoking and microvascular complication status, the groups of patients had similar values of age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, creatinine, and glycometabolic control. Nevertheless, soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor-R1 levels but not R2 levels, were markedly elevated (P < 0.05 or less) in complicated vs. uncomplicated (2.40 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.80 +/- 0.1 ng/ml) patients and in smokers vs. nonsmokers (2.66 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.76 +/- 0.1 ng/ml). In a two-factor ANOVA, both smoking (P < 0.01) and microvascular complications (P < 0.05) were independent predictors of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor-R1. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor levels of diabetic patients who did not smoke or without complications were similar to those of healthy controls. In conclusion, smoking and microvascular complications seem to exert an additive and deleterious impact on TNF-alpha activation, as reflected by levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors, in young adults with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faccini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muggeo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zenari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falezza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014280:Triglycerides