title: A new glycogen synthase activity ratio in skeletal muscle: effects of exercise and insulin.
abstract: It was recently reported that MnSO4 stimulates glycogen synthase-dependent glucose transfer from UDPglucose into trichloroacetic acid precipitable endogenous glycoproteins (GSMn(T)) in human muscle extracts. To determine the physiologic significance of this reaction, we compared a new GS activity ratio, GSMn(T)/GSH(E) (where GSH(E) represents the usual glucose transfer to ethanol precipitable exogenous glycogen by GS at 7.2 mM glucose 6-phosphate), with the generally used GSL(E)/GSH(E) ratio (where GSL(E) represents glucose transfer at 0.17 mM glucose 6-P concentration). Biopsies were obtained from the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy subjects at rest, after 40 min of bicycle exercise at approximately 65% of maximal oxygen uptake and after isometric contraction at 2/3 maximal force to fatigue (approximately 1 min). GSMn(T)/GSH(E) increased from 0.012+/-0.002 at rest to 0.054+/-0.008 (P<0.01) after 40 min of bicycle exercise and the increase in GSMn(T) activity was strongly related to the decrease in endogenous glycogen (i.e.. increase in short-chain endogenous glycoproteins) (r=0.90; P<0.05). On the other hand, GSL(E)/GSH(E) did not change significantly after bicycle exercise (rest = 0.49+/-0.04; exercise = 0.58+/-0.08, P>0.05). GSMn(T)/GSH(E) increased from 0.010+/-0.001 at rest to 0.016+/-0.002 (P<0.05) after isometric exercise, whereas GSL(E)/GSH(E) decreased from 0.27+/-0.04 to 0.20+/-0.02 (P<0.05) under corresponding conditions. Last, insulin, which stimulates glycogen synthesis, also increased GSMn(T)/GSH(E) (1.8-fold, P<0.05), as well as GSL(E)/GSH(E) (1.4-fold, P<0.05), in isolated rat soleus muscle. These data indicate that GSMn(T)/GSH(E) is influenced by endogenous substrate availability and covalent modification. Therefore, GSMn(T)/GSH(E) ratio may prove to be a useful alternative to other GS activity ratios that only reflect changes in the phosphorylation state of GS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shashkin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D006006:Glycogen Synthase; D005947:Glucose; C039798:manganese sulfate