title: Primary ciliary dyskinesia with situs inversus totalis, hydrocephalus internus and cardiac malformations in a dog.
abstract: A nine-month-old golden retriever bitch was presented with exercise intolerance and recurrent nasal discharge. Based on clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examination, a diagnosis of rhinitis, situs inversus totalis and tricuspid valve insufficiency was established. The results of video- and electron microscopy studies of the respiratory epithelium were compatible with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). However, no evidence of a primary ultrastructural defect of the cilia was found. The dog was euthanased because of the poor prognosis. At necropsy, a hydrocephalus internus and a subaortic stenosis were additionally diagnosed. PCD, in combination with situs inversus, has been previously reported in golden retrievers, but without a concomitant hydrocephalus internus. Furthermore, concomitant occurrence of internal cardiac malformation and PCD has not previously been reported in the dog.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Reichler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoerauf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guscetti
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gardelle
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stoffel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jentsch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D007619:Kartagener Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography; D012857:Situs Inversus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography