Risk factors for renal allograft survival from pediatric cadaver donors: an analysis of united network for organ sharing data.
BACKGROUND
The shortage of cadaveric donors for kidney transplantation has prompted many centers to use cadaver kidneys from pediatric donors. Use of kidneys from pediatric donors has been shown to have a lower graft survival.


METHODS
Recipients receiving cadaver kidneys from pediatric and adult donors between 1988 and 1995 were analyzed. The data were obtained from United Network of Organ Sharing database. The actuarial kidney transplant graft survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify various risk factors for 1-year graft failure. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated for various risk factors.


RESULTS
Kidney transplant survival rates for donor age <18 years (n=12,838) at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 81.5%, 76.3%, 71.3%, 66.4%, and 61.7%, respectively. The corresponding results for adult donors from age 18 to 50 years (n=35, 442) were 83.5%, 78.4%, 73.1%, 67.9%, and 62.4%, respectively, Log-rank test P<0.01. Pediatric donors were further divided into three groups according to donor age: group I (0-5 years), group II (6-11 years), and group III (12-17 years). The actuarial survival rates for 1, 3, and 5 years for group I (n=2198) were 73.6%, 63.3%, and 55.6%, respectively. The corresponding values for group II (n=2873) were 78.0%, 67.5%, and 57.8% and for group III (n=7767) were 85%, 75.0%, and 64.8%, respectively, P<0.01. Although the recipients of group I had lower graft survival, en bloc grafts (n=751) had much better 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survival rates (76.3%, 67.7%, and 60.7%, respectively) compared with single grafts (n=1447; 72.2%, 61.1%, and 53.2%, P=0.02) from donors 0 to 5 years. Graft thrombosis as a cause of graft failure was seen in 10% of group I compared with 6% in group II and 5% in group III. In group I, lower OR were seen when an en bloc transplant was performed (0.688, P<0.01) and when donor body weight was>15 kg (0.547, P<0.01). However, OR were elevated in recipients of previous transplants (1.556, P<0.01), with prolonged cold ischemic time (1.097, P=0.03), for black recipients (1.288, P=0.03), and for recipients with body mass index> or =25 (1.286, P=0.02). Progressive increase in the donor age was associated with lower OR in group II (0.894, P<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
(1) Overall, poorer graft survival was seen in pediatric donor transplants, (2) transplant kidney survival with en bloc kidneys was better than a single kidney from donors 0-5 years, (3) progressive increase in donor age was associated with improved graft survival when the donors were 6-11 years, whereas progressive increase in donor weight was associated with improved graft survival when the donors were 0-5 years.
Bresnahan
B A
BA
Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Nephrology, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. bbresnah@mcw.edu
McBride
M A
MA
Cherikh
W S
WS
Hariharan
S
S
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002102:Cadaver; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia; D007668:Kidney; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009926:Organ Preservation; D044469:Racial Groups; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014481:United States