title: Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis among ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 11 identified by sequencing of the gene.
abstract: Interleukin (IL11) is a member of the interleukin 6 (IL6)-related cytokine subfamily, which stimulates T cell-dependent development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells. IL11 is also an important paracrine regulator of bone metabolism that induces formation of osteoclasts. In the work reported here, we sequenced the entire IL11 structural gene of 48 alleles in a Japanese test population. These experiments identified ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and determined their allelic frequencies. One polymorphism was identified upstream of exon 1, one in exon 3, four in intron 4 and four in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of exon 5. Based on the genotype data, we constructed six haplotypes in the tested population. Two-way comparisons of SNPs revealed two combinations in complete linkage disequilibrium, one with SNPs at nucleotide positions 2753, 3644, 5154, and 5568, and another with SNPs at positions 3686, 5141, and 5734. These results will be useful in disease-association studies where a contribution of the human IL11 gene has been suspected, especially in disorders affecting immune response and bone metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ezura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emi
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D005091:Exons; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns; D007564:Japan; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D017370:Interleukin-11