title: Adrenomedullin (ADM) in the human forearm vascular bed: effect of neutral endopeptidase inhibition and comparison with proadrenomedullin NH2-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the haemodynamic responses of proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) in the forearm vascular bed of healthy male volunteers, and to investigate the role of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in the metabolism of ADM.
  
  
  METHODS
  On two separate occasions, ADM (1-30 pmol x min(-1)) and PAMP (100-3000 pmol x min(-1)) were infused into the brachial artery of eight male subjects, and forearm blood flow (FBF) assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. In a second study, eight male subjects received the same doses of ADM, co-infused with either the NEP inhibitor thiorphan (30 nmol x min(-1)) or the control vasoconstrictor noradrenaline (120 pmol x min(-1)), on separate occasions. Both studies were conducted in a double-blind, randomized manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADM and PAMP produced a dose-dependent increase in FBF (P < or = 0.002). Based on the dose producing a 50% increase in FBF, ADM was approximately 60 times more potent than PAMP. Thiorphan and noradrenaline produced similar reductions in FBF of 14 +/- 4% (mean +/- s.e. mean) and 22 +/- 6%, respectively (P = 0.4). However, the area under the dose-response curve was significantly greater during co-infusion of ADM with thiorphan than with noradrenaline (P = 0.028), as was the maximum increase in FBF ratio (2.1 +/- 1.0 vs 1.2 +/- 0.2; P = 0.030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADM and PAMP both produce a local dose-related vasodilatation in the human forearm, but PAMP is approximately 60 times less potent than ADM. In addition, NEP inhibition potentiates the haemodynamic effects of ADM. These findings suggest that PAMP may not play a role in the physiological regulation of blood flow. However, in pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension and heart failure, NEP inhibition may exert a beneficial effect by increasing the biological activity of ADM.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McEniery
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bongaerts
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: MacCallum
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cockcroft
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010991:Plethysmography; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015244:Thiorphan / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D015244:Thiorphan; D015260:Neprilysin; D009638:Norepinephrine