title: The utility of lung biopsy in recipients of stem cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary infiltrates in recipients of stem cell transplantation often present as diagnostic dilemmas. Although lung biopsy may establish the diagnosis of parenchymal disease, it remains unclear whether such a procedure results in a significant change in the patient's treatment and outcome. This study evaluates the efficacy of lung biopsy in recipients of stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 15 stem cell transplant recipients who underwent 18 lung biopsies were reviewed. The indications for stem cell transplantation were leukemia in 10 patients, lymphoma in 2, histiocytosis in 1, neuroblastoma in 1, and Ewing's sarcoma in 1. The results of the lung biopsies were correlated to the clinical management and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mortality rate was 67% (10 patients). Eight of the 9 patients who required mechanical ventilatory support at the time of lung biopsy died. The pathologic diagnoses were pneumonitis in 6 biopsies, fibrosis in 6, brochiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in 3, hemorrhage in 2, and infarction in 1. Therapy was changed in 1 patient who improved after a course of steroids for bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Lung biopsy cultures were positive in 6 patients but rarely resulted in changes in antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of very few lung biopsies performed in stem cell transplant recipients redirected therapy. Furthermore, the ultimate outcome of these patients were not improved by the results of lung biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine and the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rescorla
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Tres Scherer
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Engum
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grosfeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate