title: Analysis of cross-resistance of the selective estrogen receptor modulators arzoxifene (LY353381) and LY117018 in tamoxifen-stimulated breast cancer xenografts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-resistance is the primary issue facing the evaluation of new antiestrogens to treat metastatic breast cancer because they may be tested, initially, in populations of patients that have failed long-term adjuvant tamoxifen (Tam) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have tested the benzothiophene derivatives, arzoxifene (Arzox; LY353381) and LY117018 in two models of Tam-stimulated tumor growth derived from either MCF-7 (M. M. Gottardis and V. C. Jordan, Cancer Res., 48: 5183-5187, 1988) or T47D (J. MacGregor Schafer et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 6: 4373-4380, 2000) breast cancer cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the MCF-7:Tam model, we found that both Arzox and LY117018 (1.5 mg/day) resulted in tumor growth and, therefore, were partially cross-resistant with Tam. Next, using the T47D:17beta-estradiol (E(2)) model, we compared the antiestrogenic/antitumor properties of Arzox and LY117018 and determined that neither Arzox nor LY117018 caused T47D:E(2) tumor growth after 21 weeks. In addition, we determined that long-term treatment does not result in failure and subsequent development of transplantable Arzox- or LY117018-stimulated tumors. To establish whether Arzox and LY117018 are cross-resistant in T47D:Tam tumors, mice were treated with Arzox or LY117018 (1.5 mg/day), and, again, we found that neither resulted in the growth of transplantable tumors. Lastly, we showed that Arzox and LY117018 were only partially able to compete with postmenopausal E(2) (0.3 cm silastic capsule) in T47D:Tam tumors. However, when T47D:E(2) tumors were treated for 7 days instead of 5 days, both Arzox and LY117018 were more effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arzox is not cross-resistant with Tam in the T47D athymic mouse model but does exhibit cross-resistance in the MCF-7 model.
authors.affiliation: Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dardes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bentrem
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: O'Regan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Los Reyes
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013876:Thiophenes; D013629:Tamoxifen; D004958:Estradiol; C025430:LY 117018; C115121:LY 353381