title: Pharmaceutical management in ProCare Health Limited.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review pharmaceutical budget holding and management in ProCare Health Limited by; describing budget holding strategies implemented in 1995/6, identifying prescribing savings achieved, analysing variation in prescribing behaviour and comparing the findings with experience elsewhere.
  
  
  METHODS
  With 340 members, ProCare is one of the largest and most progressive of New Zealand's independent practitioner associations (IPAs). Data were obtained for the three years 1994 to 1996 to determine pharmaceutical expenditure against budget and against national trends, by member and general medical services (GMS) consultations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ProCare has established a classical, quality focussed pharmaceutical management strategy. Savings against the agreed budget was 9.5% comparing 1996 with 1995 but 5.7% compared, with national trends. Wide variation in per capita and per consultation costs was not reduced and was entirely explained by prescribing volumes not drug prices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most important finding is that general practitioners (GPs), working collaboratively, can establish a strategy of clinical and corporate governance which may be exerting a wide ranging influence over clinical behaviour. Although there may be doubts about the actual levels of saving these appeared to be well in excess of the financial investment in the strategy. Greater savings appear possible with a focus on addressing the large and apparently inappropriate per capita prescribing volume variation between practices. Understanding and successfully addressing this variation will be one of the key issues facing the implementation of the government's primary health care strategy.
authors.affiliation: Aotearoa Health, Lyttelton. laurence.malcolm@cyberxpress.co.nz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: MacLean
mesh_terms: D017046:Cost Savings; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000639:trends; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005376:Financial Management; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007193:Independent Practice Associations / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008485:Medical Audit; D009520:New Zealand; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration*