title: Hemangioma-like lesions in chronic liver disease: diagnostic evaluation in patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the risk of misdiagnosis of focal hepatic lesions manifesting at ultrasonography (US) as typical hemangiomas in a population at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify the most effective approach to their diagnostic evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,982 patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis underwent US and serum alpha-fetoprotein determinations for early detection of HCC. Focal lesions with typical features of hemangioma were evaluated with confirmatory findings of contrast material-enhanced dynamic or spiral computed tomography (CT) and/or single photon emission CT with technetium 99m-labeled red blood cells and, in the absence of confirmatory imaging findings, US-guided fine-needle biopsy. Patients whose initial US scan depicted no lesions or hemangiomas were enrolled in a US follow-up program. All hemangioma-like lesions detected during follow-up were evaluated, or biopsy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US depicted hemangioma-like lesions in 44 of 1,982 patients: 22 hemangiomas and 22 HCCs. Hemangioma-like lesions detected during follow-up in 1,648 patients were HCCs (n = 22) or dysplastic nodules (n = 4). Only 85 (22%) of 383 patients with HCC had alpha-fetoprotein levels suggestive of the diagnosis. The probability of a diagnosis of HCC (or preneoplastic lesion) is 100% for hemangioma-like lesions depicted on subsequent US scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If initial US examination of a cirrhotic liver depicts a hemangioma, confirmatory findings of imaging studies are necessary since 50% of hemangiomas in this study were hyperechogenic HCCs. US-guided biopsy can be safely performed, and its findings can be used to confirm the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Viale Cappuccini, I-71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy. e.caturelli@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caturelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Siena
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sperandeo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andriulli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisceglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins