title: [Clinical analysis of 12 cases with venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence, cause and clinical manifestation of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium, and its diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 cases of venous thromboembolism admitted in our hospital from 1984-1997 were analysed retrospectively. The plasma protein C, protein S and antithrombin III activities were measured in 4 of the cases and activated protein C resistance (APC-R) were assayed by activated partial thrombinplastin time (APIT) in the presence and absence of APC (APC-APIT) and FV Leiden gene mutation were analysed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) methods as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four cases occurred before delivery and 8 postpartum. Two cases complicated by pulmonary thromboembolism, and of them 1 died. APC-R(+), reduced activity of antithrombin-III and protein S each were found in 3 separate cases. No FV Leiden gene mutation was found in the 4 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The formation of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium is highly associated with the deficiency of anticoagulant proteins. Anticoagulation is recommended in the high risk women of thromboembolism.
authors.affiliation: Peking Union Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator