title: Identification and characterization of novel mammalian neuropeptide FF-like peptides that attenuate morphine-induced antinociception.
abstract: The two mammalian neuropeptides NPFF and NPAF have been shown to have important roles in nociception, anxiety, learning and memory, and cardiovascular reflex. Two receptors (FF1 and FF2) have been molecularly identified for NPFF and NPAF. We have now characterized a novel gene designated NPVF that encodes two neuropeptides highly similar to NPFF. NPVF mRNA was detected specifically in a region between the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. NPVF-derived peptides displayed higher affinity for FF1 than NPFF-derived peptides, but showed poor agonist activity for FF2. Following intracerebral ventricular administration, a NPVF-derived peptide blocked morphine-induced analgesia more potently than NPFF in both acute and inflammatory models of pain. In situ hybridization analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of FF1 and FF2 in the rat central nervous system. FF1 was broadly distributed, with the highest levels found in specific regions of the limbic system and the brainstem where NPVF-producing neurons were shown to project. FF2, in contrast, was mostly expressed in the spinal cord and some regions of the thalamus. These results indicate that the endogenous ligands for FF1 and FF2 are NPVF- and NPFF-derived peptides, respectively, and suggest that the NPVF/FF1 system may be an important part of endogenous anti-opioid mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA. jim.liu@merck.com
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bomford
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mallee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000700:Analgesics / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009842:Oligopeptides; C042219:leucyl-prolyl-leucyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide; D009020:Morphine; C053651:phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide