title: Laparoscopically assisted vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy: comparison of postoperative pain, fatigue and systemic response. A case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic and open surgery have been compared with conflicting results regarding their systemic responses. The sensitivity of biochemical markers that are used to discriminate between the stress responses to different types of surgery varies from study to study. We wanted to evaluate the stress response and the sensitivity of clinical and biochemical stress markers in patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study with patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (n=20) or abdominal hysterectomy (n=20). Pain scores were assessed at rest and during coughing, and active leg elevation and fatigue scores using a visual analogue scale. In 10 patients of each group, haematocrit, white cell count, C-reactive protein, glucose, cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, beta-endorphin immunoreactivity, interleukin-6 and urine excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured preoperatively and during the first 44 postoperative hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most sensitive symptoms and markers of the systemic response were pain scores during mobilization, fatigue scores, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (P < 0.01 in all comparisons). Pain scores at rest, and all other laboratory markers of the systemic response, did not discriminate between the two types of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Follow-up of postoperative pain scores during mobilization and fatigue levels might be an easy tool for the evaluation of postoperative recovery. Using an identical anaesthetic technique, the neuroendocrine response was of the same magnitude after both types of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Tampere, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland. rorarius@saunalahti.fi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rorarius
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kujansuu
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teisala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ylitalo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laippala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein