title: Duck and human pandemic influenza A viruses retain sialidase activity under low pH conditions.
abstract: The majority of influenza A viruses isolated from wild birds, but not humans, can replicate in the duck intestinal tract. Here we demonstrate that all duck isolates tested universally retain sialidase activities under low pH conditions independent of their neuraminidase (NA) subtypes. In contrast, the sialidase activities of most isolates from humans and pigs practically disappear below pH 4.5, with the exception of four human pandemic viruses isolated in 1957 and 1968. Sequence comparisons among duck, human, and swine N2 NA subtypes indicate that amino acids at positions 153, 253, 307, 329, 344, 347, 356, 368, 390, and 431 may be associated with the low pH stability of duck and human pandemic N2 NAs. This finding suggests that the low pH stability of duck influenza A virus NA may be a critical factor for replication in the intestinal tract through the digestive tract of ducks, and that the properties of NAs are important for understanding the epidemiology of the influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nishinaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Hidari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Shortridge
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004372:Ducks; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009439:Neuraminidase