title: Preliminary result of an algorithm to select proper ventricular assist devices for high-risk patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is not suitable for long-term support because of its high incidence of complications. Conversion from ECMO to ventricular assist device (VAD) is reasonable, and we have developed a simple algorithm for selecting proper VADs for these ECMO-supported patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We converted 12 patients who were receiving ECMO support to VAD for bridge to transplantation. Group I (n = 6) was converted directly from ECMO to VAD. Group II (n = 6) underwent stage conversion. We added left atrial drainage to ECMO because of lung edema or marked left heart distension. We discontinued drainage after recovery of right heart function. Group II had more unfavorable risk factors for VAD before ECMO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients (50%) in Group I received biventricular VADs. The other 3 patients were converted to left ventricular assist device (LVAD), but only 1 (16.7%) experienced successful conversion. We successfully converted 5 patients (83.3%) in Group II to LVAD without right VAD, and 4 of them could be weaned from the ventilator. The multiple-organ dysfunction score gradually improved in Group II despite additional surgery. Two patients in each group received heart transplantation and survived long term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a conversion protocol provides a good guideline for making decisions. According to the protocol, right heart and pulmonary function can be clearly assured before shifting to LVAD in these critical ECMO-supported patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. yschen01@dreamer.com.tw
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D014850:Waiting Lists
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D001663:Bilirubin