title: Pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy with a laryngeal mask airway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bedside flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) with sedation has been recognized as a diagnostic modality in children. In certain circumstances, general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is advocated. This study evaluates the usefulness of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an alternative to endotracheal intubation during pediatric FFB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1995 and June 2000, we studied 92 children (51 girls; age range, 1 through 15 years) in the operating theater of a major tertiary children's hospital. The LMA was used in children with atelectasis, diffuse infiltrates, and those who required BAL under general anesthesia. The size of the LMA was chosen to accommodate a bronchoscope appropriate for the child's weight and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedures were well tolerated, no complications were observed, and oxygen saturation exceeded 95% in all patients. Major findings included mucoid impaction and purulent bronchial secretions, and BAL was successfully accomplished in all individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic BAL or extraction of mucous plugs should be accomplished with optimal control of the airway under general anesthesia. The use of the LMA during FFB is safe, provides excellent patient comfort, and should be utilized as an alternative to endotracheal intubation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Miller Children's Hospital at Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90801-1428, USA. enussbaum@memorialcare.org
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zagnoev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004112:Dimercaprol; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D009093:Mucus; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000628:therapy; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D004112:Dimercaprol