title: Glucose-binding property of pegylated concanavalin A.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Concanavalin A (Con A) has been used in the development of sol-gel phase-reversible hydrogels for modulated insulin delivery. The usefulness of Con A has suffered from its poor aqueous solubility and stability. The goal of this study was to modify Con A with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and examine the water solubility and stability of the PEGylated Con A.
  
  
  METHODS
  Con A was PEGylated using monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) p-nitrophenol carbonates, and the extent of PEGylation was determined by the fluorescamine method. The stability of the PEGylated Con A was examined by measuring the time-dependent absorbance at 630 nm. The binding affinities of glucose and allyl glucose to native- and PEGylated-Con A were measured by the equilibrium dialysis method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of PEG molecules that can be grafted to Con A was 10. As the number of grafted PEG chains per each Con A was increased up to 5, the binding affinity of glucose was gradually increased and reached the maximum. The solubility and stability of PEGylated Con A were improved significantly over those of native Con A. The binding affinity of allyl glucose to Con A was not changed much by PEGylation. When the extent of PEGylation was excessive (i.e., the number of grafted PEG chains per each Con A was larger than 5), however, the binding affinities of both glucose and allyl glucose were decreased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEGylation of Con A resulted in improved aqueous solubility and stability of Con A. The binding affinity of glucose increased and reached the maximum when the extent of PEGylation was 50%. Advantages of PEGylated Con A over native Con A are improved aqueous solubility, enhanced long-term stability, and higher glucose sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, Department of Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D003208:Concanavalin A; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005947:Glucose