title: Human thioredoxin reductase is efficiently inhibited by (2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine)platinum(II) complexes. Possible implications for a novel antitumor strategy.
abstract: Malignant neoplasms of the brain represent the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children under the age of 15. The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant type of gliomas, remains poor offering a median survival time of only 1 year. (2,2':6',2"-Terpyridine)platinum(II) complexes are known to possess DNA-intercalating activity and have been shown to be potential chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study we identified the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) as a major target of (2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)platinum(II) complexes. New complexes were synthesized in order to optimize this inhibition. The NADPH-reduced enzyme is inhibited almost stoichiometrically by the complexes involving a reversible competitive and an irreversible tight-binding component. For the most potent inhibitor, N,S-bis(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)platinum(II)-thioacetimine trinitrate, the K(i) for the competitive component of the inhibition is 4 nM and the IC(50) for the tight-binding component is 2 nM after an incubation time of 5 min. The closely related but non-selenium-containing enzyme glutathione reductase is much less inhibited (by a factor of >1000). The platinum complexes were found to strongly inhibit the proliferation of three different glioblastoma cell lines as well as of two different head-and-neck squamous carcinoma cell lines. In a glioblastoma cell culture, less than 10 microM of a platinum(II) compound caused an initial drop of hTrxR activity which was followed by an increase of activity in the surviving cells. A 10 microM inhibitor added every 24 h led to 4% residual hTrxR activity but 100% glutathione reductase activity in the cells surviving for 67 h. The potential of (2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)platinum(II) complexes acting simultaneously at two different intracellular targets-hTrxR and DNA-as antitumor agents is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center, Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. becker.katja@gmx.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herold-Mende
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schirmer
mesh_terms: D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase