title: Constipation in very-low-birth-weight children at 10 to 14 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors documented that very-low-birth-weight children (less than 750-g) when compared with 750-to 1,499-g birth-weight and normal-birth-weight-matched controls have higher than normal rates of neurosensory and cognitive impairments at school age. In this population, the authors found a higher rate of constipation than expected among 19 of 59 (32%) less-than-750-g-birth-weight children. The authors therefore wanted to evaluate in greater detail the problem of constipation and associated toileting problems in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen less-than-750-g-birth-weight children with constipation were matched to the next less than 750-g-birth-weight child of comparable age, sex, and race who did not have constipation. A telephone questionnaire was administered to 15 of 19 parents of the less-than-750-g-birth-weight children who had constipation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 15 children with constipation had significantly higher rates of neurosensory impairment (7 [47%] vs. 1 [7%]) and lower mean WISC III IQ scores (72 +/- 22 vs. 89 +/- 13) when compared with birth-weight-matched controls without constipation (P < 0.05). The constipated children also had significantly higher rates of associated toileting problems, including encopresis (8[53%] vs. 1 [7%])and stool withholding (9 [60%] vs. 2 [13%]; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher incidence of constipation among less-than-750-g-birth-weight children is associated with neurodevelopment impairment. Awareness of this problem and preventive intervention to ensure regular stools could possibly decrease the high rate of constipation and associated toileting problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. cxc55@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Minich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004688:Encopresis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D014039:Toilet Training