title: Influenza virus ns1 protein induces apoptosis in cultured cells.
abstract: The importance of influenza viruses as worldwide pathogens in humans, domestic animals, and poultry is well recognized. Discerning how influenza viruses interact with the host at a cellular level is crucial for a better understanding of viral pathogenesis. Influenza viruses induce apoptosis through mechanisms involving the interplay of cellular and viral factors that may depend on the cell type. However, it is unclear which viral genes induce apoptosis. In these studies, we show that the expression of the nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza A virus is sufficient to induce apoptosis in MDCK and HeLa cells. Further studies showed that the multimerization domain of the NS1 protein but not the effector domain is required for apoptosis. However, this mutation is not sufficient to inhibit apoptosis using whole virus.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. sschultz@seprl.usda.gov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schultz-Cherry
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dybdahl-Sissoko
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaoka
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D009154:Mutation; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C085820:INS1 protein, influenza virus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins