title: Interspecies recombination contributes minimally to fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: Analysis of 71 ciprofloxacin-resistant (MIC > or = 4 microg/ml) Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates revealed only 1 for which the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the parC, parE, and gyrB genes were genetically related to those of viridans group streptococci. Our findings support the occurrence of interspecies recombination of type II topoisomerase genes; however, its contribution to the emergence of quinolone resistance among pneumococci appears to have been minimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. dbast@mtsinai.on.ca
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bast
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Azavedo
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilburn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mandell
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II