title: [Regulating the distribution of health professionals in Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Quebec and the United states: monograph study].
abstract: The Province of Quebec and the United Kingdom have both a strong system of medical manpower regulation. Growth of the number of doctors--and consequently of health expenditures--is kept under control. Shortage of supply of health services increases the queuing process. In the two countries, the main problem is not how to curb health costs but to cope with the unmet demand. In Germany, the control of medical school intake is very weak. However, agreement of young doctors by the Sickness Fund is strictly controlled, the Fund having the right to close the list of "agreed physicians" in areas or specialties where doctor surplus is observed. In Belgium, a numerus clausus system is established very recently for medical school intake. In the USA, the health care system is traditionally regulated by the market forces. The strong increase of health expenditures during the recent decades has shifted the power from the medical profession to the paying bodies (HMO, MCO...) who are now supporting the emergence of new health personnels, less costly.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bourgueil
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Durr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rocamora-Houzard
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000639:trends; D004501:Education, Medical; D005858:Germany; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006291:Health Policy; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006280:Health Workforce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D011792:Quebec; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States