title: Green tea extracts decrease carcinogen-induced mammary tumor burden in rats and rate of breast cancer cell proliferation in culture.
abstract: Epidemiological evidence suggests tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has chemopreventive effects against various tumors. Green tea contains many polyphenols, including epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), which possess anti-oxidant qualities. Reduction of chemically induced mammary gland carcinogenesis by green tea in a carcinogen-induced rat model has been suggested previously, but the results reported were not statistically significant. Here we have tested the effects of green tea on mammary tumorigenesis using the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rat model. We report that green tea significantly increased mean latency to first tumor, and reduced tumor burden and number of invasive tumors per tumor-bearing animal; although, it did not affect tumor number in the female rats. Furthermore, we show that proliferation and/or viability of cultured Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cell lines was reduced by EGCG treatment. Similar negative effects on proliferation were observed with the DMBA-transformed D3-1 cell line. Growth inhibition of Hs578T cells correlated with induction of p27(Kip1) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) expression. Hs578T cells expressing elevated levels of p27(Kip1) protein due to stable ectopic expression displayed increased G1 arrest. Thus, green tea had significant chemopreventive effects on carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in female S-D rats. In culture, inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation by EGCG was mediated in part via induction of the p27(Kip1) CKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hafer
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sherr
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Sonenshein
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism; D011336:Probability; D051381:Rats; D013662:Tea; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; C493962:Cdkn1b protein, rat; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers; D013662:Tea; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases