title: Clonidine-induced vasoconstriction in awake volunteers.
abstract: We evaluated the vasomotor effects of clonidine in awake subjects with an intact central cardiovascular regulatory system. To determine the lower limit of the vasoconstrictive effect of clonidine in awake volunteers, we blocked sympathetic innervation to the left arm by anesthetizing the brachial plexus. We then measured arterial blood pressure and vasoconstriction via finger volume plethysmography measuring infrared light transmitted through a fingertip (LTF). LTF values obtained from the left arm were compared with those from the neurally intact right arm during four progressively increasing IV doses of clonidine, targeting plasma clonidine concentrations of 0.3, 0.45, 0.68, and 1.0 ng/mL. Clonidine decreased systolic blood pressure (P < 0.004) from 135 +/- 8 mm Hg to 115 +/- 8 mm Hg and heart rate (P = 0.0017) from 68 +/- 7 mm Hg to 61 +/- 10 mm Hg. Clonidine decreased LTF by -12% +/- 11% (P < 0.0001) less than preinfusion values at the 0.68 ng/mL target concentration in the right hand. In contrast, in the left hand, clonidine increased LTF significantly more than (P < 0.0001) preinfusion values at all target concentrations, with a maximal increase of 30% +/- 7%. We conclude that IV clonidine, at doses that decrease arterial blood pressure, causes arterial vasoconstriction in awake subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IV clonidine, at doses that decrease blood pressure, causes arterial vasoconstriction in awake subjects. These data suggest that an alpha-2 agonist with a high alpha-2a/alpha-2b selectivity should provide more profound sedative and analgesic effects with less undesirable vasoconstrictive effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0648, USA. talkep@anesthesia.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Talke
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D003000:Clonidine