title: Power Doppler sonography in the evaluation and follow-up of knee involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of ultrasound (US), conventional color (CD) and power Doppler (PD) in the detection and quantification of inflammatory signs of the knee in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to correlate these findings with patient history, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with JIA who had clinical signs of knee involvement as well as 15 healthy children as a control group where subjected to full clinical examination and laboratory investigations on the same day of US examination. The knee joints were evaluated with plain radiography, US, and color Doppler in 13 patients, while the remaining 17 were assessed with power Doppler. Fourteen patients were subjected to follow-up assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A highly significant difference in synovial thickening and cartilage thickness detected by US between JIA affected knees and those of controls (p < 0.0001). Knee effusion was demonstrated in 93% of patients. Synovial vessels were detected by Doppler in 76.7% of patients. A significant correlation was detected between the degree of vascularity detected by PD and knee score (p < 0.05), and JAFAR score (P < 0.05). On comparing the findings of the follow-up with those of the initial examination, a significant positive correlation was detected between the differences in the knee score and those in synovial thickness (p < 0.05), and with the vascularity scale detected by PD (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests the Doppler sonography as a non-invasive, low-cost, and readily available tool for the evaluation and follow-up of articular involvement in knees of JIA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. rughe@rusys.eg.net
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shahin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: el-Mofty
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: el-Sheikh
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ragab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001168:Arthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007223:Infant; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013585:Synovitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color