title: Long-term follow-up after biliary stent placement for postoperative bile duct stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome of temporary biliary stent placement for postoperative bile duct stenosis was retrospectively evaluated with the main aim of assessing long-term complications after stent removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  ERCP was performed between 1981 and 1991 in 74 patients with postoperative bile duct stenoses. Two 10F stents were inserted for a maximum of 12 months with stent exchange every 3 months to avoid cholangitis caused by clogging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent insertion failed in 11 patients with complete and 4 patients with incomplete biliary obstruction. Early complications occurred in 14 patients (19%) including 2 deaths. Therefore 57 patients were included in the stent phase of the study. In 10 patients the referring physician did not adhere to the treatment protocol, and nonelective stent exchange for jaundice and/or cholangitis was necessary in 7 (70%). Of the 47 patients treated according to protocol, complications developed in 40% during the period with stents in situ. Stents were eventually removed in 44 patients who were subsequently followed for a median of 9.1 years. Late complications developed in 15 patients (34%) including recurrent stenosis in 9 (20%). All cases of recurrent stenosis occurred within 2 years of stent removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic treatment is feasible in 80% of patients who undergo an ERCP for postoperative bile duct stenosis. After stent insertion and during the time with stents in situ, complications occur at a significant rate but are usually mild or reflect the patient's underlying condition. After stent removal, recurrent stenosis develops in 20% of patients within 2 years of stent removal. Endoscopic treatment should be the initial management of choice for postoperative bile duct stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burgemeister
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rauws
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gouma
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Tytgat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huibregtse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007565:Jaundice / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000401:mortality; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires