title: Primary thymic endocrine failure in HIV-1-infected children.
abstract: Thymulin, an essential hormone for the T lymphocyte differentiation process and function, was evaluated to asses thymic endocrine function in a cohort of 17 HIV-1-infected children aged between 2 months and 14 years, 18 seroreverted subjects and 47 normal controls. The rosette inhibition assay by Dardenne and Bach (1975) is the only method available to evaluate the biologically active form of this hormone (thymulin or Zn-facteur thymique sérique, Zn-FTS), as immunoassays cannot discriminate between thymulin and the inactive form of the hormone not containing Zn (FTS). HIV-1 patients presented undetectable or significantly lowered plasma levels of thymulin. Plasma zinc levels were significantly reduced in patients although inactive, zinc-unbound thymulin molecules were not demonstrated. The investigation of inhibitory anti-thymulin molecules performed in all patients was negative. Thymulin titers did not correlate with CD4+ lymphocyte count at the different disease stages. This study suggests that a primary thymic endocrine deficiency is present in HIV children. The critical importance of these results in assessing disease progression and a potential therapeutic approach are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina della Procrezione e dell'Età Evolutiva, Institute of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. rita.consolin@clp.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Consolini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legitimo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012397:Rosette Formation; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013934:Thymectomy; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating; D015032:Zinc