title: CD1-restricted NK T cells protect nonobese diabetic mice from developing diabetes.
abstract: NK T cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d. After activation, NK T cells promptly produce large amounts of cytokines, which may modulate the upcoming immune responses. Previous studies have documented an association between decreased numbers of NK T cells and the progression of some autoimmune diseases, suggesting that NK T cells may control the development of autoimmune diseases. To investigate the role of NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes, we crossed CD1 knockout (CD1KO) mutation onto the nonobese diabetic (NOD) genetic background. We found that male CD1KO NOD mice exhibited significantly higher incidence and earlier onset of diabetes compared with the heterozygous controls. The diabetic frequencies in female mice showed a similar pattern; however, the differences were less profound between female CD1KO and control mice. Early treatment of NOD mice with alpha-galactosylceramide, a potent NK T cell activator, reduced the severity of autoimmune diabetes in a CD1-dependent manner. Our results not only suggest a protective role of CD1-restricted NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes but also reveal a causative link between the deficiency of NK T cells and the induction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; D017931:DNA Primers; D005699:Galactosylceramides; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma