title: Formulation of entomopathogenic nematode-infected cadavers.
abstract: Entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially applied in aqueous suspension. These biocontrol agents may also be applied in nematode-infected insect cadavers, but this approach may entail problems in storage and ease of handling. We determined the feasibility of formulating nematode-infected insect cadavers to overcome these hindrances. All experiments were conducted with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and Galleria mellonella (L.). Nonformulated cadavers were used as controls. Of 19 formulations tested (including combinations of starches, flours, clays, etc.) 1 (starch-clay combination) was found to adhere to the cadaver and to have no significant deleterious effects on nematode reproduction and infectivity; other formulations exhibited poor adhesion or reduced nematode reproduction. Two formulations enabled cadavers to be partially desiccated without affecting reproduction; other formulations and nonformulated cadavers exhibited reduced reproduction upon desiccation. Four-day-old cadavers were more amenable to desiccation than 8-day-old cadavers. Formulated cadavers were more resistant to rupturing and sticking together during agitation than nonformulated cadavers.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, SE Fruit and Tree Nut Research Lab, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, Georgia 31008, USA. dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Shapiro-Ilan
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Behle
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D003890:Desiccation; D006652:Histological Techniques; D007313:Insecta / Q000469:parasitology*; D009348:Nematoda; D009349:Nematode Infections