title: Rapid contrasting of ultrathin sections using microwave irradiation with heat dissipation.
abstract: The use of microwave irradiation (MWI) to accelerate fixation, dehydration and contrasting (staining) for electron microscopy has been applied to the development of rapid methods to process biological samples in electron microscopy. A simple explanation is that the reduced time in those procedures is due to heating. In this paper we propose a contrasting method for thin sections that avoids the thermal effects of MWI. Grids with thin sections of mouse kidney, the dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum, spermatophores of the fly Archicepsis diversiformis, the bacteria Acinetobacter calcoaceticum and Enterobacter cloacae were placed into Beem capsules and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, while immersed in an ice-water bath, and irradiated for periods ranging from 30 s to 2 min. After each contrasting procedure, the Beem capsule was filled with distilled water to wash the grids under MWI with the same irradiation time as used to contrast. Good results were obtained on irradiating for 1 min and the temperature of the Beem capsule was maintained around 5 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. hchavarr@cariari.ucr.ac.cr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández-Chavarría
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargas-Montero
mesh_terms: D016954:Acinetobacter calcoaceticus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007668:Kidney / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods*