title: Systemic circulatory parameters. comparison between patients with normal tension glaucoma and normal subjects using ambulatory monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare circadian changes of systemic circulation in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and normal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with NTG and 226 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. Circulatory parameters, including blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR), were measured in all subjects for 49 hours using an ambulatory monitoring system. In addition to a comparison between NTG patients and normal controls, the same parameters were compared between NTG patients who had progressive field defects and NTG patients who had stable field defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BP in NTG patients was significantly higher than in normal subjects. The nocturnal dip of BP in NTG patients was similar to the dip in normal subjects. However, the BP dip in NTG patients showing progressive visual field defects was significantly smaller than in patients with NTG showing stable visual field defects. Blood pressure fluctuation in sleep in the "progressive" patients was significantly greater than in the "stable" patients. Patients with NTG whose random BP was in a normal range showed a higher BP than normal subjects. The dip in PR in NTG patients was significantly lower than in normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An insufficient physiological nocturnal BP dip or a greater nocturnal fluctuation in BP may disturb the microcirculation of, and/or may directly damage, the optic nerve, resulting in increasing field loss in NTG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ijiri
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D014794:Visual Fields