title: Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of the aorta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Penetrating aortic ulcers burrow into the aortic wall and can have fatal consequences. Although they were first described as long ago as 1934 they have only recently been recognized as a distinct pathological entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the current literature was undertaken, based primarily on an English language Medline search with secondary references obtained from key articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Penetrating aortic ulcer is principally a disease of elderly hypertensive men. It may run a benign course or may produce complications such as aortic rupture, embolization and aneurysm formation. Presentation may be identical to that of classical aortic dissection, but the distinction is important because an ulcer may be more likely to cause rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open surgical repair has been the 'gold standard' of treatment but endovascular stenting is an attractive option in this group of frail patients.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgical Unit, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK. matrox@supanet.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Troxler
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Mavor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homer-Vanniasinkam
mesh_terms: D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014456:Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy