title: Quantitative cerebral blood flow imaging in a patient with the Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes quantitative SPECT cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in a patient with the confirmed Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 60-year-old man reported visual disturbances, including left hemianopsia. An electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral arteriogram, and quantitative SPECT CBF imaging with Xe-133, with and without acetazolamide, were performed. After the patient's death, an autopsy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The electroencephalographic findings were nonspecific, those of magnetic resonance imaging were normal, and the cerebral arteriogram showed minimal atherosclerosis. However, the SPECT scan revealed marked depression of perfusion in the parietal and occipital cortices that did not change with the administration of acetazolamide. Autopsy results were consistent with CJD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is no consistent pattern of CBF changes that is characteristic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the Heidenhain variant of that disease may be an exception. Clinical symptoms include profound changes in vision, and the pattern of CBF changes in the patient described here included depression of perfusion in areas of primary and associated visual cortex. Also of interest is the finding that although other imaging did not reveal an abnormality, the CBF changes were marked. In addition, vasoreactivity is poor in response to acetazolamide, a finding that occurs only late in other neuronal degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8896, USA. dana.mathews@email.utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Unwin
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes; D000086:Acetazolamide