title: NO-mesalamine protects colonic epithelial cells against apoptotic damage induced by proinflammatory cytokines.
abstract: The activation of a self-amplifying cascade of caspases, of which caspase-8 is the apical protease, mediates Fas-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-, and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in colon cell lines. Nitric oxide (NO) protects from apoptosis induced by Fas and TNF-alpha. We examined whether NCX-456, an NO-releasing derivative of mesalamine, protects colon epithelial cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis. Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines express death factor receptors and are driven to apoptosis in response to incubation with Fas-agonistic antibody, TNF-alpha/interferon-gamma, and TRAIL. The two novel observations reported here are that 1) cotreatment of cells with NCX-456, but not mesalamine, resulted in concentration-dependent protection against death factor-induced apoptosis and inhibition of caspase activity, and 2) exposure to dithiothreitol, an agent that effectively removes NO from thiol groups, resulted in a 70% recovery of caspase activity, which is consistent with S-nitrosation as a major mechanism for caspase inactivation. These data suggest that caspase S-nitrosation represents a mechanism for protection of colonic mucosal epithelial cells from death factor-induced death.
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy. fiorucci@unipg.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiorucci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Distrutti
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ajuebor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mencarelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mannucci
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palazzetti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Soldato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000636:Aminosalicylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000636:Aminosalicylic Acids; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C434799:NO-mesalamine; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C108661:TNFRSF10C protein, human; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019804:Mesalamine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases