TGF-beta/Smad signaling defects in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms and possible novel therapies for chronic inflammation.
Fiocchi
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Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 425, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4952, USA. cxf18@po.cwru.edu
D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; C497790:SMAD3 protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; C497806:SMAD7 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta