From stones to bones: the biology of ClC chloride channels.
Chloride (Cl(-)) is the most abundant extracellular anion in multicellular organisms. Passive movement of Cl(-) through membrane ion channels enables several cellular and physiological processes including transepithelial salt transport, electrical excitability, cell volume regulation and acidification of internal and external compartments. One family of proteins mediating Cl(-) permeability, the ClC channels, has emerged as important for all of these biological processes. The importance of ClC channels has in part been realized through studies of inherited human diseases and genetically engineered mice that display a wide range of phenotypes from kidney stones to petrified bones. These recent findings have demonstrated many eclectic functions of ClC channels and have placed Cl(-) channels in the physiological limelight.
George
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Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, 451 Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6304, USA. al.george@vanderbilt.edu
Bianchi
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Link
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Vanoye
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D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D048429:Cell Size; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice
D018118:Chloride Channels