title: Nomogram of Wharton's jelly as depicted in the sonographic cross section of the umbilical cord.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generate a nomogram for the sonographic measurement of Wharton's jelly area (WJA) during gestation and to investigate whether WJA is related to fetal biometric parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sonographic cross-sectional area of the umbilical cord and of its vessels was measured in 659 fetuses between 15 and 42 weeks of gestation. The WJA was calculated by subtracting the vascular area from the umbilical cord area. The conventional biometric parameters were measured and correlated with the WJA. Polynomial regression analysis was utilized for statistical purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The WJA increased as a function of gestational age (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). The regression equation for the mean WJA (y) according to gestational age (x) was y = -114.7 + 4.142x - 0.01x2 and for the standard deviation (y') was y' = -7.567 + 1.319x. There was a strong correlation between the WJA and the umbilical cord area (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). A significant correlation was also found between the WJA and fetal biometric parameters before 32 weeks of gestation (WJA and biparietal diameter: r = 0.82, P < 0.001; WJA and abdominal circumference: r = 0.79, P < 0.001; WJA and femur length: r = 0.81, P < 0.001) while after 32 weeks of gestation no correlations were found between WJA and fetal anthropometric parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nomogram for the WJA has been generated. The WJA increases as a function of gestational age and it is correlated with fetal size up to 32 weeks of gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Insubria, Viale Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy. Fabio.ghezzi@uninsubria.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Naro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balestreri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Addario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*