title: Cholera in the United States, 1995-2000: trends at the end of the twentieth century.
abstract: To evaluate recent trends in cholera in the United States, surveillance data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 infection reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1995 and 2000 were reviewed. Sixty-one cases of cholera, all caused by V. cholerae O1, were reported. There was 1 death, and 35 (57%) of the patients were hospitalized. Thirty-seven (61%) infections were acquired outside the United States; 14 (23%) were acquired through undercooked seafood consumed in the United States, 2 (3%) were acquired through sliced cantaloupe contaminated by an asymptomatically infected food handler, and no source was identified for 8 (13%) infections. The proportion of travel-associated infections resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, and furazolidone increased from 7 (8%) of 88 in 1990-1994 to 11 (31%) of 35 in 1995-2000. Foreign travel and undercooked seafood continue to account for most US cholera cases. Antimicrobial resistance has increased among V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from ill travelers.
authors.affiliation: Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bopp
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Mintz
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002489:Central America / Q000453:epidemiology; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D005511:Food Handling; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology; D014195:Travel; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents