title: Effects of stress factors, bioregulators, and synthetic precursors on indole alkaloid production in compact callus clusters cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
abstract: Compact callus cluster (CCC) cultures established from Catharanthus roseus consist of cohesive callus aggregates displaying certain levels of cellular or tissue differentiation. CCC cultures synthesize about two-fold more indole alkaloids than normal dispersed-cell cultures. Our studies here show that additions of KCl, mannitol, and a variety of synthetic precursors and bioregulators to the CCC cultures markedly improved indole alkaloid production and release of these alkaloids into the medium. Treatment with 250 mM mannitol and 4 g/l KCl yielded 42.3 mg l(-1) and 33.6 mg l(-1)of ajmalicine, respectively; these amounts were about four-fold higher than the control. Succinic acid, tryptamine, and tryptophan feedings also significantly increased ajmalicine (41.5 mg l(-1), 36.9 mg l(-1), and 31.8 mg l(-1), respectively) and catharanthine (21.1 mg l(-1), 17.2 mg l(-1), and 18 mg l(-1), respectively) production by the CCC cultures, while geraniol feeding inhibited biomass and alkaloid accumulation. We also found that tetramethyl ammonium bromide could significantly improve ajmalicine production (49.3 mg l(-1)) and catharanthine production (18.3 mg l(-1)) in C. roseus CCC cultures. The mechanisms responsible for these treatment effects are discussed herein.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing. jianzhao@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018533:Biomass; D030008:Catharanthus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids / Q000378:metabolism; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014363:Tryptamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000494:pharmacology; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000470:Alkaloids; D003470:Culture Media; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; D013729:Terpenes; D014363:Tryptamines; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; D015016:Yohimbine; D008353:Mannitol; C030820:tryptamine; D010649:Phenylalanine; C005709:raubasine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D014364:Tryptophan; D019802:Succinic Acid; C009244:serpentine (alkaloid); C027917:tetramethylammonium; C007836:geraniol; C017836:catharanthine; D010634:Phenobarbital