title: Prognostic significance of p53, bax and bcl-2 gene expression in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to examine the prognostic significance of the coexpression of three genes (bax, bcl-2 and p53) which play a critical role in the apoptotic mechanisms in patients with squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2, bax and p53 genes was retrospectively examined in 38 patients with squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma and in five controls (necrotomic tissue). Tissue specimens were obtained both during the diagnostic biopsy and at the time of surgery. Clinicopathological and survival data were correlated with the staining results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bcl-2 protein expression (P=0.0472), stage (P=0.0087) and lymph-node involvement (P=0.0488) were found to be independent prognostic factors. Increased bcl-2 protein expression correlated with a better 5-year survival (P=0.0472). Patients who were bcl-2(-)/p53(-) (n=25) or bax(+)/bcl-2(-) (n=13) had a significantly worse overall survival (P=0.0305 and P=0.0482, respectively). Similarly, patients who were bax(+)/bcl-2(-)/p53(-) (n=11) also had a worse 5-year survival compared with the rest of the group (P=0.0088). Changes that were noticed in bax and p53 protein expression from the time of biopsy until the time of surgery did not correlate with a significant increase in the overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of bcl-2 gene appears to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The coexpression of the genes studied can be used to determine aggressive clinical phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gomatos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferekidis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syrigos
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bistola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giotakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adamopoulos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Androulakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers