title: Monitoring of extracellular dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens with  5-minute on-line microdialysis in freely moving rats.
abstract: We report a reliable 5-min on-line monitoring of dopamine released from the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens of rats using in vivo brain microdialysis. The detection limit for dopamine was approximately 20 fg in a 10-microl injection sample using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection set-up. Basal levels of dopamine in the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens 4 h after probe insertion were 2.65 +/- 0.30 pg/5 min and 1.57 +/- 0.31 pg/5 min, respectively, whereas those of 20 h after probe insertion were lower: 0.97 +/- 0.21 pg/5 min and 0.51 +/- 0.09 pg/5 min, respectively. Infusion of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX; 2 microM), essentially suppressed levels of dopamine in both brain areas. At 4 h after probe insertion, TTX perfused for 4 h via dialysis probe reduced levels of dopamine to 0.47 +/- 0.08 pg/5 min (80% reduction) in the dorsal striatum and to 0.56 +/- 0.19 pg/5 min (65% reduction) in the nucleus accumbens. At 20 h after probe insertion, a similar TTX perfusion more rapidly reduced levels of dopamine to 0.05 +/- 0.01 pg/5 min (95% reduction) in the dorsal striatum and to 0.08 +/- 0.01 pg/5 min (85 % reduction) in the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that relatively fast changes in extracellular dopamine levels in these two brain areas can reliably be followed by this in vivo microdialysis technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. saigusa@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saigusa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fusa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okutsu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koshikawa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004563:Electrochemistry; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009862:Online Systems; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D004298:Dopamine