title: Adherence to treatment regimen in depressed patients treated with amitriptyline or fluoxetine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-compliance presents a constant challenge to effective therapy. Many studies only investigate early treatment discontinuation and not other measures like adherence to treatment regimen. We compared adherence in depressed patients using either a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine) or a tricyclic antidepressant (amitriptyline), and examined its clinical relevance through adverse events, drop-out rates, and outcome. Adherence was measured electronically with the MEMS (Medication Event Monitoring System).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine-week double blind, randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory psychiatric care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random sample of 66 depressed (DSM-III-R criteria) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluoxetine 20 mg or amitriptyline 150 mg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time course of adherence and its relation to severe adverse events, drop-outs and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-adherence to the treatment regimen occurred frequently in both treatment groups: 31% of patients had at least one 3-day drug holiday, and 34% of patients had at least one episode of three pills in a 24-h period. Over-consumption occurred more frequently during the early phases of treatment while under-consumption occurred more frequently during the later phases. Patients on amitriptyline (P=0.03) and patients with a higher pill intake (P=0.01) experienced more severe adverse events. Patients on amitriptyline (P=0.009) and patients with a lower adherence to the treatment regimen (P=0.004) discontinued from treatment more frequently. The final Hamilton score was significantly predicted by a longer duration of treatment and by a better adherence, but only in amitriptyline users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-adherence to the treatment regimen has important clinical consequences. Pharmacodynamics and human behavior predict risk for severe adverse events and drop-outs. Moreover, in amitriptyline users but not in fluoxetine users, better adherence predicts a better outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B3000 Leuven, Belgium. keon.demyttenaere@med.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mesters
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dewe
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Delsemme
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gregoire
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Ganse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D000639:Amitriptyline