title: Proteasomal inhibition leads to formation of ubiquitin/alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions in PC12 cells.
abstract: Proteasomal dysfunction has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and diffuse Lewy body disease. We have developed an in vitro model of proteasomal dysfunction by applying pharmacological inhibitors of the proteasome, lactacystin or ZIE[O-tBu]-A-leucinal (PSI), to dopaminergic PC12 cells. Proteasomal inhibition caused a dose-dependent increase in death of both naive and neuronally differentiated PC12 cells, which could be prevented by caspase inhibition or CPT-cAMP. A percentage of the surviving cells contained discrete cytoplasmic ubiquitinated inclusions, some of which also contained synuclein-1, the rat homologue of human alpha-synuclein. However the total level of synuclein-1 was not altered by proteasomal inhibition. The ubiquitinated inclusions were present only within surviving cells, and their number was increased if cell death was prevented. We have thus replicated, in this model system, the two cardinal pathological features of Lewy body diseases, neuronal death and the formation of cytoplasmic ubiquitinated inclusions. Our findings suggest that inclusion body formation and cell death may be dissociated from one another.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rideout
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sulzer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stefanis
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D051381:Rats; D051843:Synucleins; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051844:alpha-Synuclein
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C497606:Snca protein, rat; D051843:Synucleins; D014452:Ubiquitins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; C090535:benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C067713:lactacystin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000111:Acetylcysteine