title: Role of tramadol in reducing pain on propofol injection.
abstract: Propofol is frequently associated with pain on injection. We evaluated the effect of tramadol in a randomised, double-blind study using a tourniquet venous retention technique. Normal saline placebo was given intravenously to patients in Group 1 (n = 30),tramadol 50 mg to Group 2 (n = 30), and lignocaine 50 mg to Group 3 (n = 30). The venous retention of drugs was maintained for 1 minute, followed by tourniquet release and intravenous administration of propofol. Pain assessment was made immediately after propofol injection. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of pain associated with propofol administration in patients pretreated with lignocaine and tramadol (P < 0.05). In addition, pretreatment with tramadol was as effective as lignocaine in reducing pain on propofol injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Cheong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014147:Tramadol; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol