title: Plasma levels of soluble CD14 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha type II receptor correlate with cognitive dysfunction during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: The relationship between monocyte immune responses and cognitive impairment during progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated in 28 subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. The mean+/-SEM CD4(+) T lymphocyte count and virus load for all patients were 237+/-41 cells/mm(3) and 77,091+/-195,372 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, respectively. Levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha type II receptor (sTNF-RII) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured in plasma by ELISA and were correlated with results from neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy tests. Plasma sCD14 and sTNF-RII levels were elevated in subjects with cognitive impairment and in those with brain atrophy. Furthermore, both factors were correlated with spectroscopic choline:creatine ratios. These findings support the idea that peripheral immune responses are linked to cognitive dysfunction during advanced HIV-1 disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. laryan@unmc.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brester
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bohac
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ratanasuwan
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gendelman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swindells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001284:Atrophy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009329:Nebraska; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha