title: Chronic hypoxia alters prejunctional alpha(2)-receptor function in vascular adrenergic nerves of adult and fetal sheep.
abstract: The impact of development and chronic high-altitude hypoxia on the function of prejunctional alpha(2)-adrenoceptors was studied by measuring norepinephrine release in vitro from fetal and adult sheep middle cerebral and facial arteries. Blockade of prejunctional alpha(2)-adrenoceptors with idazoxan significantly increased stimulation-evoked norepinephrine release in normoxic arteries. This effect was eliminated after chronic hypoxia in cerebral arteries, with a tendency to decline in fetal facial arteries. After chronic hypoxia, the capacity to release norepinephrine declined in fetal middle cerebral arteries with a similar trend in facial arteries. Norepinephrine release was maintained in adult arteries. During development, stimulation-evoked norepinephrine release from middle cerebral and facial arteries was higher compared with adult arteries. In fetal arteries, adrenergic nerve function declined after chronic hypoxia. However, in adult arteries, adrenergic nerves adapted to chronic hypoxia by maintaining overall function. This differential adaptation of adrenergic nerves in fetal arteries may reflect differences in fetal distribution of blood flow in response to chronic hypoxic stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. jbuchholz@som.llu.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Duckles
mesh_terms: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000196:embryology / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005145:Face / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D019329:Idazoxan / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D003042:Cocaine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D019329:Idazoxan