title: Neuromagnetic activity in alpha and beta bands reflect learning-induced increases in coordinative stability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate how learning induced increases in stability on a syncopation task are manifest in the dynamics of cortical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetoencephalography was recorded from 143 sensors (CTF Systems, Inc). A pre-training procedure determined the critical frequency (F(c)) for each subject (n=4). Subjects either syncopated or synchronized to a metronome that increased in frequency from 1.2 to 3.0 Hz in 0.2 Hz steps. The F(c) was the point at which subjects spontaneously switched from syncopation to synchronization. Subjects then underwent 100 training trials (with feedback) at F(c). Following the learning phase the pre-training procedure was repeated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in the F(c) occurred indicating that practice improved the stability of syncopation. The transition delay was also observed in the phase of the time-averaged signal in sensors over the contralateral sensorimotor area and in power analysis in the 8-12 Hz and 18-24 Hz frequency bands. Initially, reduced power was observed bilaterally during syncopation compared to synchronization. Following training, these differences were reduced or eliminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-training power differences can be explained by the greater difficulty of the syncopation task. The reduction in power differences following training suggests that at the cortical level, syncopation became more similar to synchronization possibly reflecting a decrease in task and/or attention demands.
authors.affiliation: Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA. jantzen@walt.ccs.fau.edu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jantzen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mayville
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deecke
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kelso
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003344:Cortical Synchronization; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010507:Periodicity; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*