title: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema complicating bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation--case report and review of literature.
abstract: Chronic graft-versus-host disease occurring in the setting of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can affect many organ systems, is a cause of significant morbidity, and contributes to late deaths. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a form of obstructive airway disease; when seen in the post-BMT setting, it is considered a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Air-leak syndromes including pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications of bronchiolitis obliterans. Here we describe a patient who developed pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax secondary to severe bronchiolitis obliterans complicating the post bone marrow transplantation course.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. tefferi.ayalew@mayo.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tefferi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed