title: Serum concentration of adhesion molecules in patients with delayed ischaemic neurological deficit after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: the immunoglobulin and selectin superfamilies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adhesion molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia and may play a part in the pathophysiology of delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (DIND) after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. It was hypothesised that after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, adhesion molecules may play a part in the pathophysiology of DIND as reflected by significantly altered serum concentrations in patients with and without DIND.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, mean serum concentrations of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM, and E, P, and L-selectin were compared between patients without (n=23) and with (n=13) DIND in patients with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grades 1 or 2 subarachnoid haemorrhage. Serum was sampled from patients within 2 days of haemorrhage and on alternate days until discharge. Concentrations of adhesion molecules were measured by standard procedures using commercially available enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were non-significant differences in serum concentrations of ICAM-1 (290.8 ng/ml v 238.4 ng/ml, p=0.0525), VCAM-1 (553.2 ng/ml v 425.8 ng/ml, p=0.053), and PECAM (22.0 ng/ml v 21.0 ng/ml, p=0.56) between patients without and with DIND respectively. The E-selectin concentration between the two patient groups (44.0 ng/ml v 37.4 ng/ml, p=0.33) was similar. The P-selectin concentration, however, was significantly higher in patients with DIND compared with those patients without DIND (149.5 ng/ml v 112.9 ng/ml, p=0.039). By contrast, serum L-selectin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with DIND (633.8 ng/ml v 897.9 ng/ml, p=0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of all the adhesion molecules examined in this study, P and L-selectin are involved in the pathophysiology of DIND after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK. justin@weeny.demon.co.uk
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mantle
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gregson
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mendelow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin