title: Localization of glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 in murine tissues using two novel polyclonal antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) is a coactivator that binds to the nuclear hormone receptors in a ligand-dependent manner and mediates transcriptional activation of the target genes. The aim of this study was to investigate GRIP1 expression in various murine tissues and whether the protein is nuclear, cytoplasmic, or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two novel polyclonal antibodies against amino acids 34-47 and 468-481 of GRIP1 were raised and characterized in order to study the GRIP1 expression with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transient transfection studies with COS cells showed a clearly nuclear staining pattern and also immunohistochemical localization of GRIP1 was mainly nuclear, but cytoplasmic expression was seen as well. GRIP1 was expressed in epithelial cells of the submandibular gland, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, kidney, uterus, mammary gland, testis, prostate, trachea, lungs and adrenal gland. GRIP1 was also detected in stromal cells of colon, rectum, urinary bladder, vagina, uterus, mammary gland and trachea, and to a lesser extent in esophagus, ureter, urethra, thymus and spleen. Smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal and urinary tract, uterus, epididymis, prostrate and bronchioles expressed GRIP1. Blood vessels of many organs, capsule of the kidney and prostate, mesovarium, adipocytes of the mammary gland, pericardium and cartilage of the trachea were also GRIP1-positive. Liver, thyroid gland and striated muscle did not express GRIP1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GRIP1 was expressed in a wide variety of murine organs, and expression varied between cell types and organs. In addition to mainly nuclear localization of endogenous GRIP1, cytoplasmic expression was seen as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Tampere, FIN-33014, Tampere, Finland. rp58671@uta.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puustinen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarvilinna
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuohimaa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ylikomi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D019556:COS Cells; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000737:chemistry; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D003600:Cytosol / Q000737:chemistry; D004064:Digestive System / Q000737:chemistry; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000737:chemistry; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014162:Transfection; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; C498002:Ncoa2 protein, mouse; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014157:Transcription Factors