title: Incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid into human respiratory epithelial cell lines.
abstract: Animal and human studies designed to examine the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) supplementation on the fatty acid composition of plasma and tissues have demonstrated a marked difference in incorporation into phospholipids of these 18-carbon precursors of the long-chain polyunsaturates. Whereas tissue phospholipid levels are linearly related to dietary ALA and LA, the levels of tissue LA can be 10-fold higher than tissue ALA even when dietary levels are equivalent. There is some dispute whether this disparity is due to ALA being more rapidly metabolized to its products or substantially oxidized by the liver, or whether LA but not ALA is readily incorporated into cellular phospholipids. We examined the level of incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into human respiratory epithelial cell lines (A549, 16HBE) by determining the dose-dependent incorporation of ALA and LA as free fatty acid (5-150 microg FFA/mL). Cell membrane phospholipid ALA and LA were both increased up to approximately 20-30% total fatty acids, with a concomitant decrease predominantly in monounsaturated membrane fatty acids, before significant toxicity was observed (50 microg/mL). Our data support the concept that rather than any inherent inability by human cells to incorporate ALA into membrane phospholipids, the lack of ALA content in human and animal tissues in vivo is due to the rapid metabolism or oxidation of this fatty acid in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forsyth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid