title: Clinical variables and pro-inflammatory activation in paediatric heart surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first aim was to analyse the role of preoperative characteristics and perioperative variables in predicting the inflammatory response during and early after operations for congenital heart malformations of moderate to severe complexity. The second aim was to correlate complement and cytokine activation during the same period with clinical variables reflecting the postoperative course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective descriptive clinical study that involved 22 consecutive children (1-28 months). Five children had Down's syndrome. Concentrations of C3a, C5b-9 and IL-6 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C3a, C5b-9 and IL-6 increased significantly during the study period (ANOVA: C3a, p = 0.001; C5b-9, p = 0; IL-6, p = 0). C3a correlated with preoperative haemoglobin (r = 0.71, p = 0.0002) and CPB time (r = 0.72, p=0.0005). C5b-9 correlated with CPB time (r= 0.58, p=0.004). IL-6 related to presence of Down's syndrome (p=0.0001) and correlated with preoperative haemoglobin (r=0.55, p=0.02), preoperative weight deviation (r = -0.52, p = 0.03) and time in the ventilator (r = 0.68, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative and perioperative characteristics predict the inflammatory response during open heart surgery in infants and small children. IL-6 response is related to the postoperative course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ekroth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andréasson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003167:Complement Activation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines