title: *NO and oxyradical metabolism in new cell lines of rat brain capillary endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier.
abstract: To investigate the relevance of *NO and oxyradicals in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), differentiated and well-proliferating brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC) are required. Therefore, rat BCEC (rBCEC) were transfected with immortalizing genes. The resulting lines exhibited endothelial characteristics (factor VIII, angiotensin-converting enzyme, high prostacyclin/thromboxane release rates) and BBB markers (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase). The control line rBCEC2 (mock transfected) revealed fibroblastoid morphology, less factor VIII, reduced gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, weak radical defence, low prostanoid metabolism, and limited proliferation. Lines transfected with immortalizing genes (especially rBCEC4, polyoma virus large T antigen) conserved primary properties: epitheloid morphology, subcultivation with high proliferation rate under pure culture conditions, and powerful defence against reactive oxygen species (Mn-, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione) effectively controlling radical metabolism. Only 100 microM H2O2 overcame this defence and stimulated the formation of eicosanoids similarly as in primary cells. Some BBB markers were expressed to a lower degree; however, cocultivation with astrocytes intensified these markers (e.g., alkaline phosphatase) and paraendothelial tightness, indicating induction of BBB properties. Inducible NO synthase was induced by a cytokine plus lipopolysaccharide mixture in all lines and primary cells, resulting in *NO release. Comparing the cell lines obtained, rBCEC4 are stable immortalized and reveal the best conservation of properties from primary cells, including enzymes producing or decomposing reactive species. These cells can be subcultivated in large amounts and, hence, they are suitable to study the role of radical metabolism in the BBB and in the cerebral microvasculature.
authors.affiliation: Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 10315, Berlin, Germany. iblasig@fmp-berlin.de
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Blasig
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schroeter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sporbert
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Utepbergenov
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Buchwalow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schönfelder
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freyer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schimke
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Siems
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Haseloff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blasig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002196:Capillaries / Q000166:cytology; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D011464:Epoprostenol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat