title: Mucosal output of eotaxin in allergic rhinitis and its attenuation by topical glucocorticosteroid treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eotaxin is a chemokine that attracts and activates eosinophils. The present study examines the occurrence of eotaxin in nasal mucosal surface liquids in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis without allergen exposure and during repeat allergen challenge with and without topical glucocorticosteroid treatment. The number of subepithelial eosinophils and mucosal outputs of bulk plasma (alpha2-macroglobulin) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients underwent daily allergen challenges for 6 days. Separately, 14 patients, who were receiving budesonide and placebo in a parallel group design, also underwent allergen challenge for 6 days. Nasal biopsies were obtained before and 24 h after the allergen challenge series, and lavages were carried out before and 15 min after selected allergen challenges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline nasal lavage fluid levels of eotaxin correlated to levels of alpha2-macroglobulin and ECP. After the first allergen challenge there was a correlation between nasal lavage fluid levels of eotaxin and ECP. Repeat allergen exposure increased the mucosal output of eotaxin (P <0.05) and ECP (P <0.01) as well as eosinophil numbers (P <0.01), but no correlation was found between increased eosinophil numbers and eotaxin. Budesonide reduced eotaxin levels during repeat allergen challenge (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeat allergen exposure in allergic rhinitis is associated with increased mucosal output of eotaxin. Topical budesonide attenuates this effect, suggesting the possibility that inhibitory effects on mucosal eotaxin may contribute to anti-eosinophilic actions of topical glucocorticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. lennart.greiff@onh.lu.se
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greiff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Erjefält
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D002631:Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006109:Poaceae; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012260:Ribonucleases; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001798:Blood Proteins; C515456:CCL11 protein, human; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D002631:Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil; D016207:Cytokines; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D019819:Budesonide; D012260:Ribonucleases