title: HIV type 1 vaccine-induced T cell memory and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV type 1-uninfected volunteers.
abstract: T cell memory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigens and anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity were assessed after administration of live canarypox virus (ALVAC) expressing HIV-1 env, gag, and protease (vCP205) vaccine given alone, vCP205 given with SF-2 recombinant gp120 (rgp120) vaccine, and placebos at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. Healthy, HIV-1-uninfected subjects reporting high-risk and low-risk behavior for HIV-1 were enrolled. Anti-HIV-1 Env CD8(+) CTLs (HIV-1(MN) and/or HIV-1 subtype B and C primary isolate sequences) were detected in 12 (60%) and anti-HIV-1 Gag CD8(+) CTLs in 7 (35%) of the 20 vCP205 vaccine recipients tested by CTL assay 3.5 months after the final immunization. Fourteen days after the fourth immunization, lymphocyte proliferation in response to HIV-1 Gag antigen was detected in 14 (48%) of 29 vCP205 vaccine recipients, but secreted cytokine levels to HIV-1 Gag antigen were not above unstimulated levels. Coadministration of SF-2 rgp120 vaccine with vCP205 vaccine enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in response to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and broadened the envelope-stimulated cytokine secretion pattern, so that it consisted of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines compared with only interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) after vCP205 vaccine given alone. There was a possible association between HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated interleukin 2 secretion and CD8(+) CTLs against HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and an inverse relation between lymphocyte proliferation and CTLs against HIV-1 Gag antigens. Thus, a durable anti-HIV-1 CD8(+) CTL response was detected after immunization with the live canarypox virus vaccine and preexisting helper T cell memory responses did not necessarily predict later CD8(+) CTL activity.
authors.affiliation: St. Louis Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63106, USA. gorsegj@slu.edu
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gorse
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Belshe
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D018150:Avipoxvirus / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D015488:HIV Antigens