title: Deregulation of the expression of the fractalkine/fractalkine receptor complex in HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: Fractalkine is the only member of the CX3C chemokine family. Polymorphism of the fractalkine receptor gene may influence the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but the nature of the cells expressing fractalkine or its receptor in HIV-infected patients remains unknown. We show that, in contrast to HIV-uninfected individuals, a large number of cells expressed fractalkine in T-cell zones of lymph nodes from HIV-infected patients. CD83(+) mature and CD123(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as plasma cells are involved in this increased expression of fractalkine. Increased numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and plasma cells were present in T-cell zones of HIV-infected patients. CD83(+) dendritic cells were present in similar number in HIV-infected patients and controls, but an increased fraction of these cells produced fractalkine in HIV-infected patients. Many plasma cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue from HIV-infected patients also produced fractalkine, whereas few cells produced fractalkine in the gut of controls. The fraction of CD45RO(+) and CD45RO(-) T helper (Th) cells expressing the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 was higher in HIV-infected patients than in healthy individuals, and these cells were abnormally sensitive to fractalkine stimulation. This increased response correlated with HIV viremia, and it returned to normal levels in patients successfully treated with antiretroviral drugs. The increased expression of the fractalkine/fractalkine receptor complex associated with HIV infection may affect adhesion and migration of Th lymphocytes and their interaction with dendritic cells. Thus, it may influence the equilibrium between depletion and renewal of the Th lymphocyte compartment.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U131, Department of Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris-South Institute on Cytokines, Clamart, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foussat
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bouchet-Delbos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berrebi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Durand-Gasselin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coulomb-L'Hermine
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krzysiek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galanaud
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Emilie
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D053650:Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3 / Q000032:analysis; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019562:Viral Load; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053650:Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3; D000097802:CD83 Antigen; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C115022:IL3RA protein, human