title: Slow human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity correlated with low HIV coreceptor levels.
abstract: The absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes in blood is prognostic for disease progression, yet the cell surface density of CD4 receptors or chemokine receptors on a single cell has not previously been found to be predictive of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity outcome. It has recently been shown that human leukocyte elastase (HLE) and its ligand alpha(1) proteinase inhibitor (alpha(1)PI; alpha(1)antitrypsin) act as HIV fusion cofactors. The present study shows that decreased HIV infectivity is significantly correlated with decreased cell surface density of HLE but not with decreased CD4 nor chemokine receptors. In vitro HIV infectivity outcome in this study was predicted by the surface density of HLE on mononuclear phagocytes but not on lymphocytes. The set point HLE surface density was in part determined by alpha(1)PI. Decreased circulating alpha(1)PI was correlated with increased cell surface HLE and with increased HIV infectivity. The correlation of HIV infectivity outcome with surface HLE and circulating alpha(1)PI supports the utility of these HIV cofactors in diagnostic analysis and therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. bristoc@mail.rockefeller.edu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bristow
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000378:metabolism*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D019896:alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015728:Receptors, HIV; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; C037741:alpha 1-antitrypsin-leukocyte elastase complex; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase