title: Relationship between correlation dimension and indices of linear analysis in both respiratory movement and electroencephalogram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigate the relationships between signals from the electroencephalogram (EEG) and those from respiratory movement using the correlation dimension (D(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Respiratory movement and EEG were recorded for 7.5h from 7 clinically healthy men. D(2) was calculated by applying an algorithm slightly modified from that proposed by Grassberger and Procaccia (Phys Rev Lett 50 (1983) 346). Non-linearity in respiratory movement and EEG was tested by comparing D(2) for the original data with that for surrogate data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant positive correlation between D(2) of the EEG and D(2) of the respiratory movement was observed for the original data, but not for the surrogate data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduced D(2) of the EEG may be associated with an increased regularity of breathing in deep sleep (stage IV). Likewise, the increased D(2) of respiratory movement during rapid eye movement may be associated with increased complexity of the signals. Whether there is a direct coordination between brain and lungs or whether brainstem systems, including that of the cholinergic system, affect both respiration and cortex requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, S.E. Mayo Building, Room 733, Mayo Mail Code 8609, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0385, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burioka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornélissen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Halberg
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology