title: CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation-specific dosages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review aimed to provide distinct dose recommendations for antidepressants based on the genotypes of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. This approach may be a useful complementation to clinical monitoring and therapeutic drug monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our literature search covered 32 antidepressants marketed in Europe, Canada, and the United States. We evaluated studies which had compared pharmacokinetic parameters of antidepressants among poor, intermediate, extensive and ultrarapid metabolizers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 14 antidepressants, distinct dose recommendations for extensive, intermediate and poor metabolizers of either CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 were given. For the tricyclic antidepressants, dose reductions around 50% were generally recommended for poor metabolizers of substrates of CYP2D6 or CYP2C19, whereas differences were smaller for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided preliminary average dose suggestions based on the phenotype or genotype. This is a first attempt to apply the new pharmacogenetics to suggest dose-regimens that take the differences in drug metabolic capacity into account.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirchheiner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brøsen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roots
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sjöqvist
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brockmöller
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6