title: Anterior cingulate cortex activity and impaired self-monitoring of performance in patients with schizophrenia: an event-related fMRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined brain activity associated with the internal monitoring of performance to test the hypothesis that error-related activity in the anterior cingulate cortex is impaired in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy comparison subjects underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging during a continuous performance task; stimulus degradation was used to increase error rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison subjects, but not schizophrenic patients, showed error-related activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, and this difference in brain activity was significantly different across the two groups. Patients also showed less slowing of reaction time after error commission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower error-related activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and less performance adjustment after error commission are consistent with the hypothesis that disturbances in anterior cingulate cortex function are related to a specific alteration in an evaluative component of executive functioning-the internal monitoring of performance.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. cscarter+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stenger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology