Atrial defibrillation thresholds of electrode configurations available to an atrioventricular defibrillator.
BACKGROUND
Little investigation has been conducted to assess the atrial defibrillation thresholds of electrode configurations using electrodes designed for internal ventricular defibrillation (right ventricle [RV], superior vena cava [SVC], and pulse generator housing [Can]) combined with coronary sinus (CS) electrodes. We hypothesized that a CS-->SVC+Can electrode configuration would have a lower atrial defibrillation threshold than a standard configuration for defibrillation, RV-->SVC+Can. We also tested the atrial defibrillation thresholds of five other configurations.


RESULTS
In 12 closed chest sheep, we situated a two-coil (RV, SVC) defibrillation catheter, a left-pectoral subcutaneous Can, and a CS lead. Atrial fibrillation was burst induced and maintained with continuous infusion of intrapericardial acetyl-beta-methylcholine chloride. Using fixed-tilt biphasic shocks, we determined the atrial defibrillation thresholds of seven test configurations in random order according to a multiple-reversal protocol. The peak voltage and delivered energy atrial defibrillation thresholds of CS-->SVC+Can (168+/-67 V, 2.68+/-2.40 J) were significantly lower than those of RV-->SVC+Can (215+/-88 V, 4.46+/-3.40 J). The atrial defibrillation thresholds of the other test configurations were RV+CS-->SVC+Can: 146+/-59 V, 1.92+/-1.45 J; RV-->CS+SVC+Can: 191+/-89 V, 3.53+/-3.19 J; CS-->SVC: 188+/-98 V, 3.77+/-4.14 J; SVC-->CS+ Can: 265+/-145 V, 7.37+/-9.12 J; and SVC-->Can: 516+/-209 V, 24.5+/-15.0 J.


CONCLUSIONS
The atrial defibrillation threshold of CS-->SVC+Can is significantly lower than that of RV-->SVC+Can. In addition, the low atrial defibrillation threshold of RV+CS-->SVC+Can merits further investigation. Based on corroboration of low atrial defibrillation thresholds of CS-based configurations in humans, physicians might consider using CS leads with atrioventricular defibrillators.
Benser
M E
ME
Cardiac Rhythm Management Laboratory, Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. meb@crml.uab.edu
Walcott
G P
GP
Killingsworth
C R
CR
Girouard
S D
SD
Morris
M M
MM
Ideker
R E
RE
D000407:Alabama; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016275:Atrial Function; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004056:Differential Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D004867:Equipment Design; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012756:Sheep; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000502:physiology; D016276:Ventricular Function
D016210:Methacholine Chloride