title: Isolation of Haemophilus somnus from dairy cattle in kwaZulu-Natal. An emerging cause of 'dirty cow syndrome' and infertility?
abstract: Haemophilus somnus was consistently isolated from vaginal discharges of dairy cows submitted from field cases of vaginitis, cervicitis and/or metritis in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands during the period July 1995 - December 2000 and from the East Griqualand area in November/December 2000. The purulent vaginal discharges, red granular vaginitis and cervicitis, and pain on palpation described in these cases was very similar to that reported in outbreaks of H.somnus endometritis syndrome in Australia, Europe and North America. In all the herds involved in these outbreaks, natural breeding with bulls was employed. Although there was a good cure rate in clinically-affected animals treated with tetracyclines, culling rates for chronic infertility were unacceptably high. Employment of artificial insemination in these herds improved pregnancy rates in cows that had calved previously, but many cows that had formerly been infected failed to conceive.
authors.affiliation: Vetdiagnostix-Veterinary Pathology Services, Cascades, South Africa.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Last
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Jarvis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004716:Endometritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006190:Haemophilus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013577:Syndrome; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D013752:Tetracycline