title: Dawn simulation and bright light in the treatment of SAD: a controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some small controlled studies have found that dawn simulation is effective in treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD). With a larger sample size and a longer duration of treatment, we compared dawn simulation with bright light therapy and a placebo condition in patients with SAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medication-free patients with SAD were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: bright light therapy (10,000 lux for 30 min, from 6:00 AM to 6:30 AM), dawn simulation (1.5 hour dawn signal from 4:30 AM to 6:00 AM peaking at 250 lux), and a placebo condition, a dim red light (1.5 hour dawn signal from 4:30 am to 6:00 AM peaking at 0.5 lux.) Over the subsequent 6 weeks, the subjects were blindly rated by a psychiatrist using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating-Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD). We modeled the profiles of the remissions (SIGH-SAD < or = 8) and response (> or =50% decrease in SIGH-SAD) to treatment over time using Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 95 subjects who were randomized to the three conditions: bright light (n = 33), dawn simulation (n = 31) and placebo (n = 31). Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission (p <.05) and response (p <.001) rates compared to the placebo. Bright light did not differ significantly from the placebo. Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission (p <.01) and response (p <.001) rates compared to the bright light therapy. The mean daily hours of sunshine during the week before each visit were associated with a significant increase in likelihood of both remission (p <.001) and response (p <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dawn simulation was associated with greater remission and response rates compared to the placebo and compared to bright light therapy. The hours of sunshine during the week before each assessment were associated with a positive clinical response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98104-2499, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bolte
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hellekson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dunner
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Prinz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010789:Phototherapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000628:therapy*