title: The uptake and metabolism of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in rat cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) is a glycolytic intermediate which has been theorized to increase the metabolic activity of ischemic tissues. Here we examine the effects of externally applied FDP on cardiomyocyte uptake and metabolism. Adult rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and exposed to varying concentrations (0, 5, 25 and 50 mM) of FDP for either 1, 16 or 24 h of hypoxia (95% N2/5% CO2), each time period followed by a 1 h reoxygenation (95% air/5% CO2). The uptake of FDP by rat cardiomyocytes was more concentration-dependent than time-dependent. Furthermore, the uptake of FDP by the cardiomyocytes was similar in the hypoxia and normoxia treated cells. Alamar Blue, a redox indicator that is sensitive to metabolic activity, was used to monitor the effects of the FDP on cardiomyocyte metabolism. In the 1 h hypoxia or normoxia group, the 5, 10 and 25 mM FDP showed a significant increase in metabolism compared to the control cells. When the length of hypoxia was extended to 16 h, all doses of FDP were greater than control. And at the 24 h hypoxia or normoxia time period, only the 10, 25 and 50 mM FDP groups were greater than control. The results indicate a non-linear trend between the external concentration of FDP and the changes noted in metabolism. The findings from this study indicate that a narrow concentration range between 5-10 mM augments cardiomyocyte metabolism, but higher or lower doses may have little additional affect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ehringer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010078:Oxazines; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D010078:Oxazines; D014966:Xanthenes; C005843:resazurin; D004533:Egtazic Acid; C029063:fructose-1,6-diphosphate