title: A phase I-II study of synchronous chemoradiotherapy for poor prognosis locally advanced bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial with poor local control with radiotherapy alone. Synchronous chemotherapy regimens have yielded encouraging results in other primary sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with T2-T4a N0/NX M0 bladder cancer were entered into this single centre phase I-II study. Patients received radiotherapy to 55 Gy in 20 fractions over four weeks. Concurrent chemotherapy was given with Mitomycin C 12 mg/m2 day 1 and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2/24 hours weeks one and four of radiotherapy for five or seven days on each occasion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients entered the trial from March 1998 to December 1999 (22: 5-day; 9: 7-day schedule). Median age was 68 (range 58-79) years, 23 males and 8 females. T2: 9 (29%); T3a: 4 (12%); T3b: 9 (29%); T4: 9 (29%); TCC grade 2: 8 (26%) and grade 3: 23 (74%); 14 of 31 had hydronephrosis. Ten of thirty-one had a GFR < 50 ml/min. Toxicity was mild to moderate with the five-day schedule. More severe toxicity was seen with the seven-day schedule: five of nine patients failed to complete planned therapy. Pathological complete response rate at three months was 74% (5-day regimen) and 50% (7-day regimen). Overall 12-month survival was 65%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemoradiotherapy with the five-day schedule is feasible with acceptable toxicity in poor prognosis patients. A randomised trial is being launched.
authors.affiliation: CRC Institute for Cancer Studies. University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Moffitt
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Glaholm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peake
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil