Culture effects on adults' earliest childhood recollection and self-description: implications for the relation between memory and the self.
American and Chinese college students (N = 256) reported their earliest childhood memory on a memory questionnaire and provided self-descriptions on a shortened 20 Statements Test (M. H. Kuhn & T. S. McPartland, 1954). The average age at earliest memory of Americans was almost 6 months earlier than that of Chinese. Americans reported lengthy, specific, self-focused, and emotionally elaborate memories; they also placed emphasis on individual attributes in describing themselves. Chinese provided brief accounts of childhood memories centering on collective activities, general routines, and emotionally neutral events; they also included a great number of social roles in their self-descriptions. Across the entire sample, individuals who described themselves in more self-focused and positive terms provided more specific and self-focused memories. Findings are discussed in light of the interactive relation between autobiographical memory and cultural self-construal.
Wang
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Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA. qw23@cornell.edu
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001325:Autobiographies as Topic; D001722:Birth Order; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D012649:Self Concept; D014481:United States