title: Foveal ectopia in X-linked retinoschisis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared the position of the foveal center in patients with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) and controls and estimated the frequency of foveal ectopia in XLRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fundus photographs of 23 patients with XLRS and 25 controls were reviewed. The position of the foveal center relative to the vertical center of the optic disk was determined from magnified images and expressed as the angle between the disk and foveal centers, relative to the horizontal meridian. The shortest distance between the foveal and disk centers was also measured, using the horizontal disk diameter (HDD) as the relative size unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The position of the foveal center could be determined accurately for 43 eyes of the 23 patients with XLRS. The foveal center was located an average of 4.7 degrees (standard deviation, 9.3) below and 3.2 HDD (standard deviation, 0.4) temporal to the vertical disk center. In 9 (21 %) of the eyes, the fovea was above the horizontal meridian. For the control eyes, the foveal center was an average of 7.8 degrees (standard deviation, 2.3) below and 2.9 HDD (standard deviation, 0.4) temporal to the vertical disk center. According to a previous definition, foveal ectopia was present in 13 (30%) of the eyes with XLRS and none of the control eyes (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foveal ectopia occurs in at least 30% of eyes with XLRS. This finding may provide a useful diagnostic sign for XLRS and may have implications for its pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom. martinmckibbin@cswebmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKibbin
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000150:complications*; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014960:X Chromosome