title: Highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated regression of cytomegalovirus retinitis: long-Term results in a small case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the stability of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis lesions that have undergone regression in the absence of specific anti-CMV medications owing to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-generated immune recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial examination revealed HAART-associated regression of CMV retinitis lesions in eight subjects at two institutions. Patients were monitored for recurrences of CMV activity. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) loads were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had positive initial responses to HAART with an average HIV load decrease of 2.26 log units (range 0.3-5.57). Mean CD4+ T-lymphocyte count at baseline was 45.6 (range 4-107) and increased by an average of 132.5 (range 7-266) within the first 2 to 4 months of HAART. Patients were observed for an average of 15.5 months (range 11-20 months). Six subjects had a vigorous and sustained response to therapy, achieving an average HIV load of 9,400 copies/mL (3.32 log10 decrease) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 158.2 cells/microL. These patients had no CMV retinitis progression. By contrast, two others who attained an average log10 decrease of only 0.48 had modest and short-lived increases in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. These patients experienced reactivation of CMV retinitis after 5 and 7 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regressed CMV retinitis may remain healed for long periods. However, failure of HAART to induce substantial decreases in HIV load may predict poor or unsustainable rises in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and presage recurrence of CMV retinitis. Vigilance in ophthalmic examinations is especially mandatory in these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas 78236-5300, USA. john.reed@59mdw.whmc.af.mil
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence; D019562:Viral Load; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral