title: Changes in the inferior alveolar nerve after mandibular lengthening with different rates of distraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the changes in the inferior alveolar nerve after mandibular lengthening with different rates of distraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral mandibular corticotomies were performed in 8 goats. The mandibles in 6 goats were lengthened 10 mm using a custom-made distractor with 2 different rates of distraction (1 mm/d [n = 3] and 2 mm/d [n = 3]); the other 2 nondistracted mandibles served as a control. The goats with distracted mandibles were killed at 2 weeks after completion of distraction. The inferior alveolar nerve specimens from all animals were harvested and processed for histologic and ultrastructural evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mandibles were lengthened successfully in the distracted animals. Morphologic changes in the inferior alveolar nerves were observed when compared with the nondistracted controls. Moreover, signs of nerve degeneration, such as demyelination, axonal swelling, axoplasmic darking, and decrease in the number of axons, were more extensive and prominent in those nerves distracted at a rate of 2 mm/d.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Degenerative changes in the inferior alveolar nerve occur after mandibular lengthening by distraction osteogenesis. The distraction rate of 1 mm/d appears to be tolerable and safe for the inferior alveolar nerve, but rapid distraction may cause serious degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. doctorhu@sc.homeway.com.cn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020209:Cranial Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries