title: Capture of a dimeric intermediate during transthyretin amyloid formation.
abstract: Point mutations in the human plasma protein transthyretin are associated with the neurological disorder familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy type 1. The disease is characterized by amyloid fibril deposits causing damage at the site of deposition. Substitution of two amino acids in the hydrophobic core of transthyretin lead to a mutant that was very prone to form amyloid. In addition, this mutant has also been shown to induce a toxic response on a neuroblastoma cell line. Renaturation of the transthyretin mutant at low temperature facilitated the isolation of an amyloid-forming intermediate state having the apparent size of a dimer. Increasing the temperature effectively enhanced the rate of interconversion from a partly denatured protein to mature amyloid. Using circular dichroism the beta-sheet content of the formed mature fibrils was significantly lower than that of the native fold of transthyretin. Morphology studies using electron microscopy also indicated a temperature-dependent transformation from amorphous aggregates toward mature amyloid fibrils. In addition, 1-anilino-8-naphtalenesulfonate fluorescence studies suggested the loss of the thyroxin-binding channel within both the isolated intermediate and the mature fibrils.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ippel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baranov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hörstedt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wijmenga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundgren
mesh_terms: D000682:Amyloid / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D028227:Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial / Q000209:etiology; D000817:Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; D001216:Asparagine / Q000235:genetics; D019281:Dimerization; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D019791:Guanidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013696:Temperature; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism; D014633:Valine / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D000817:Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011228:Prealbumin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C027132:1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate; D001216:Asparagine; D014633:Valine; D019791:Guanidine; D013974:Thyroxine