title: An evaluation of the technique sensitivity of a hydrothermal low-fusing dental ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the technique sensitivity in the manipulation of Duceram Low-Fusing Ceramic, a hydrothermal dental veneering material by employing bi-axial flexure tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disc shaped specimens of Duceram-LFC dentine powder were condensed from varying powder contents manipulated with 0.33 ml of liquid. Bi-axial flexure (ball-on-ring) testing was employed to determine the mean bi-axial flexure strength, standard deviations and Weibull modulus (m). Apparent solid density and apparent porosity were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean bi-axial flexure strengths and standard deviations of specimens condensed from 0.82 g of powder were 66.47 and 9.62MPa (m=7.23, 1.32) compared with 59.12 and 13.62 MPa (m=4.19, 0.77) and 63.91 and 14.51MPa (m=4.46, 0.81) for powder contents of 0.78 and 0.86 g, respectively. A decrease in apparent solid density and an increase in apparent porosity were also associated with increasing or decreasing the powder content of slurry consistencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A slurry consistency was identified for Duceram-LFC specimens where the reliability of fracture strength data increased. The technique sensitivity in the manipulation of Duceram-LFC would appear to be confirmed due to the relatively small amount of powder required to complete the transition from a 'fluid' to a 'thick' slurry consistency compared with a conventional veneering dental porcelain.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Unit, School of Dentistry, St. Chad's Queensway, B4 6NN, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Palin
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Marquis
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D018583:Pliability; D016062:Porosity; D011208:Powders; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013674:Technology, Dental; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: C095718:Duceram; D011208:Powders; D003776:Dental Porcelain