title: Crystal structure of Bruton's tyrosine kinase domain suggests a novel pathway for activation and provides insights into the molecular basis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
abstract: Bruton's tyrosine kinase is intimately involved in signal transduction pathways regulating survival, activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B lineage lymphoid cells. Mutations in the human btk gene are the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, a male immune deficiency disorder characterized by a lack of mature, immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes. We have determined the x-ray crystal structure of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase kinase domain in its unphosphorylated state to a 2.1 A resolution. A comparison with the structures of other tyrosine kinases and a possible mechanism of activation unique to Bruton's tyrosine kinase are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Parker Hughes Cancer Center, St. Paul, Minnesota 55113, USA. cmao@ih.org
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Uckun
mesh_terms: D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D014443:Tyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077329:Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase; C000625949:BTK protein, human; C000625951:Btk protein, mouse