title: Duration of nuclear NF-kappaB action regulated by reversible acetylation.
abstract: The nuclear expression and action of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) transcription factor requires signal-coupled phosphorylation and degradation of the IkappaB inhibitors, which normally bind and sequester this pleiotropically active factor in the cytoplasm. The subsequent molecular events that regulate the termination of nuclear NF-kappaB action remain poorly defined, although the activation of de novo IkappaBalpha gene expression by NF-kappaB likely plays a key role. Our studies now demonstrate that the RelA subunit of NF-kappaB is subject to inducible acetylation and that acetylated forms of RelA interact weakly, if at all, with IkappaBalpha. Acetylated RelA is subsequently deacetylated through a specific interaction with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). This deacetylation reaction promotes effective binding to IkappaBalpha and leads in turn to IkappaBalpha-dependent nuclear export of the complex through a chromosomal region maintenance-1 (CRM-1)-dependent pathway. Deacetylation of RelA by HDAC3 thus acts as an intranuclear molecular switch that both controls the duration of the NF-kappaB transcriptional response and contributes to the replenishment of the depleted cytoplasmic pool of latent NF-kappaB-IkappaBalpha complexes.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94141, USA.
authors.lastname: Chen Lf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fischle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verdin
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D051379:Mice; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; C012589:trichostatin A; C494363:CREBBP protein, human; C494364:Crebbp protein, mouse