Service delivery and community: social capital, service systems integration, and outcomes among homeless persons with severe mental illness.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the influence of features of community social environment and service system integration on service use, housing, and clinical outcomes among homeless people with serious mental illness.


METHODS
A one-year observational outcome study was conducted of homeless people with serious mental illness at 18 sites.


METHODS
Measures of community social environment (e.g., social capital) were based on local surveys and voting records. Housing affordability was assessed with housing survey data. Service system integration was assessed through interviews with key informants at each site to document interorganizational transactions. Standardized clinical measures were used to assess clinical and housing outcomes in face-to-face interviews.


METHODS
Structural equation modeling was used to determine the relationship between (1) characteristics of the social environment (social capital, housing affordability); (2) the level of integration of the service system for persons who are homeless in each community; (3) access to and use of services by individual clients; and (4) successful exit from homelessness or clinical improvement.


RESULTS
Social capital was associated with greater service systems integration, which was associated in turn with greater access to assistance from a public housing agency and to a greater probability of exiting from homelessness at 12 months. Housing affordability also predicted exit from homelessness. Neither environmental factors nor systems integration predicted outcomes for psychiatric problems, substance abuse, employment, physical health, or income support.


CONCLUSIONS
Community social capital and service system integration are related through a series of direct and indirect pathways with better housing outcomes but not with superior clinical outcomes for homeless people with mental illness. Implications for designing improved service systems are discussed.
Rosenheck
R
R
Northeast Program Evaluation Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Morrissey
J
J
Lam
J
J
Calloway
M
M
Stolar
M
M
Johnsen
M
M
Randolph
F
F
Blasinsky
M
M
Goldman
H
H
D019090:Case Management; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011635:Public Health Administration; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support