title: Lumbar back muscle activity of helicopter pilots and whole-body vibration.
abstract: Several studies have attributed the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in helicopter pilots mainly to poor posture in-flight and whole-body vibration, with the latter hypothesis particularly related to a cyclic response of the erector spine (ES) muscle to vibration. This work aims to determine if helicopter vibration and the pilot's normal posture during flight have significant effects on the electromyogram (EMG) of the ES muscle. The bilateral surface EMG of the ES muscle at the L3 level was collected in 10 young pilots before and during a short flight in UH-50 helicopters. The vibration was monitored by a triaxial accelerometer fixed to the pilots' seat. Prior to the flight, the EMG was recorded for relaxed seated and standing postures with 0 degrees (P0) and 35 degrees (P35) of trunk flexion. The effect of the posture during the flight was tested by comparing left and right EMG (normalized with respect to P35). The in-flight muscle stress was evaluated by histograms of EMG activity, and compared to P0 values. Only one pilot in ten showed significant (p<0.05) correlation between the vibration and the EMG over cycles of vibration, and no consistent causal effect was found. The pilots' posture did not show significant asymmetric muscular activity, and low EMG levels were observed during most of the duration of the flight. The results do not provide evidence that LBP in helicopter pilots is caused by ES muscle stress in the conditions studied.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE/UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68 510, 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. carlosg@peb.ufrj.br
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000401:Aircraft; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008889:Military Personnel; D009068:Movement; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011187:Posture; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects