title: Quantification of gastric emptying and duodenogastric reflux stroke volumes using three-dimensional guided digital color Doppler imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a non-invasive method for evaluating gastric emptying and duodenogastric reflux stroke volumes using three-dimensional (3D) guided digital color Doppler imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technique involved color Doppler digital images of transpyloric flow in which the 3D position and orientation of the images were known by using a magnetic location system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, the system was found to slightly underestimate the reference flow (by average 8.8%). In vivo (five volunteers), stroke volume of gastric emptying episodes lasted on average only 0.69 s with a volume on average of 4.3 ml (range 1.1-7.4 ml), and duodenogastric reflux episodes on average 1.4 s with a volume of 8.3 ml (range 1.3-14.1 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the appropriate instrument settings, orientation determined color Doppler can be used for stroke volume quantification of gastric emptying and duodenogastric reflux episodes.
authors.affiliation: Med. Dept., Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. tryh@haukeland.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hausken
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leotta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ødegaard
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004383:Duodenogastric Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color