title: Effects of palm oil and dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins: results from a dietary crossover trial in free-living subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of palm oil (PO) and egg consumption (E) on plasma lipoproteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized crossover trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Free-living subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight healthy male students aged 20-34 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four typical Colombian diets (10 878 kJ/day; 57% energy in carbohydrates, 12% energy in proteins and 31% energy in fats) were consumed for 4 weeks. The HPOLC diet was high in PO (8.8% energy as palmitic acid, PA) and low in eggs (181.2 mg/kJ of dietary cholesterol, DC); the HPOHC diet was high in PO and high in eggs (866.1 mg/kJ of DC); the MPOMC diet was moderate in PO (6.3% energy as PA) and moderate in eggs (581.6 mg/kJ of DC); and the LOPOMC diet had no PO and was moderate in eggs (543.9 mg/kJ of DC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total (TC), low density (LDL-c), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triacylglycerols (TAG) were measured on a pool of three fasting blood samples collected in consecutive days the last week of each diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of the HPOHC and HPOLC diets showed increases in TC and LDL-c of 0.21 (P=0.01), and 0.16 mmol/l (P=0.05). Comparison of LOPOMC and MPOMC diets showed increases in TC and LDL-c of 0.39 (P<0.001), and 0.38 mmol/l (P<0.001), respectively. No significant changes in HDL-c or TAG were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that non-extreme short-term changes in PO and DC consumption lead to significant elevations in plasma TC and LDL-c.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CENIPALMA, Fundación Cardiovascular del Oriente Colombiano, Universidad Industrial de Santander.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Colombiano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucanamanga, Columbia. lbautista@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Herrán
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serrano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D000073878:Palm Oil