title: Computer-enhanced totally endoscopic sequential arterial coronary artery bypass.
abstract: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting of the anterior wall using a left anterior small thoracotomy became a routine procedure within the last 3 years. The introduction of robotics into the cardiosurgical practice in 1998 has finally enabled totally endoscopic closed chest procedures. We report two patients with totally endoscopic left internal thoracic artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery and the first diagonal branch in sequential arterial revascularization technique using the daVinci surgical system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. s.dogan@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aybek
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mierdl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wimmer-Greinecker
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*