title: A fracture movement monitoring system to aid in the assessment of fracture healing in humans.
abstract: This paper presents a new design for a device to monitor the motion of fracture fragments in diaphyseal tibial fractures. The device measures the motion that occurs at the fracture site when loaded by gait or by manipulation. It has undergone rigorous calibration and acceptance trials. The device has been used in ethically approved research clinics held at the North Staffordshire Hospital (40 patients). The paper presents a selection of results obtained using the new device. The results demonstrate several new ways of assessing fracture healing by examining fracture site motion. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. If fracture monitoring devices are to be attached to bone screws, it is essential to minimize bone screw errors. To do this, each patient must have similar bone screw lengths, orientations, alignment and siting. This is only achievable using a peroperative reduction device. 2. If fracture stiffness is to be used as a measure of fracture healing, load rate should be controlled; at the very least strain rate should be controlled. 3. It is imperative that fracture stiffness be measured in more than one plane by a biplanar device so that asymmetry may be accommodated. 4. Fracture stiffness, on its own, is probably not a sufficiently rigorous measure of healing end-point. The quantifiably viscoelastic properties of healing callus should be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ogrodnik
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Moorcroft
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D002138:Calibration; D004548:Elasticity; D004867:Equipment Design; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009038:Motion; D009068:Movement; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016138:Walking; D016474:Weight-Bearing