title: Changes in acidity and in proton transport at the tonoplast of grape berries during development.
abstract: As in many fruits, the induction of grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) ripening results in intense breakdown of malic acid. Using membrane fractions, we tested the hypothesis that changes in acidity resulted from malate vacuolar decompartmentation. The hydrolytic activities of the two primary vacuolar pumps inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) and vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase; EC 3.6.1.3) increased throughout development with an acceleration during ripening, as confirmed by Western blotting and analysis of transcript expression. The ratio of V-PPase activity to V-ATPase activity was always in favour of V-PPase and reached its maximum value at véraison. The rate of anion transport strongly increased during ripening. Before ripening, tonoplast passive permeability was low, but rose during ripening. Our data indicate that tonoplast leakage dramatically increased during ripening. This leakage is probably the prime cause of malate decompartmentation, amplified by the incapacity of oxidative phosphorylation to face increased energy demand.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche de Biochimie Métabolique et Technologie, Institut des Produits de la Vigne, INRA, Montpellier, France. terrier@ensam.inra.fr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Sauvage
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ageorges
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romieu
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D015153:Blotting, Western; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000201:enzymology; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D043564:Inorganic Pyrophosphatase; D017136:Ion Transport; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017494:Proton Pumps / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008293:Malates; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017494:Proton Pumps; D011522:Protons; C077491:tonoplast intrinsic protein, plant; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D043564:Inorganic Pyrophosphatase