title: Is nicotine dependence related to smokers' support for restrictions on smoking?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between nicotine dependence and attitudes, predicted behaviours and support regarding restrictions on smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, computer-assisted, telephone survey of adults in Ontario, Canada using a two-stage stratified sampling design; 1764 interviews were completed (65% response rate) yielding 424 (24%) cigarette smokers, of whom 354 (83%) smoked daily. The Heaviness of Smoking Index was used as a measure of nicotine dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Attitudes toward smoking restrictions, predicted compliance with more restrictions, and support for total smoking bans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attitudes favorable to smoking restrictions tended to decrease with increased nicotine dependence, but the associations were not statistically significant after adjusting for demographic variables. Predicted compliance with more restrictions on smoking decreased with higher levels of dependence, as did support for a total ban on smoking in restaurants, workplaces, bingo halls, and hockey arenas. Support for smoking bans in food courts, family fast food restaurants, and bars and taverns did not vary significantly with level of nicotine dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Level of nicotine dependence is associated with intended behaviors and support for smoking restrictions in some settings. These results have implications for tobacco control programs and policies.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacchetti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrence
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Groh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pederson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*