title: Circadian blood pressure variability in adrenocorticotrophin-induced hypertension in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secondary hypertension is often characterized by loss of diurnal blood pressure variability. This study examined circadian (24 h) blood pressure variability in adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-induced hypertension in the Sprague-Dawley rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to sham (0.9% saline, s.c.), n = (9), ACTH (0.5 microg/kg per day, s.c., n = 8) or ACTH (100 microg/kg per day, s.c., n = 7) in a room with a 12 h light/dark cycle (0600 h to 1800 h). A radio telemetry transducer was used to measure blood pressure in unrestrained animals over 3 control days (C1-C3) and 10 treatment days (T1-T10). Heart rate, systolic (SBP), mean arterial (MAP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were continuously recorded. Body weight was measured daily and serum corticosterone concentration ([B]) prior to death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sham treatment had no effect on any parameters. ACTH 100 microg/kg per day increased SBP from 124+/-2 pooled control (PC) to 134+/-2 mmHg (T10), MAP from 105+/-2 to 115+/-2 mmHg and DBP from 87+/-1 to 99+/-2 mmHg and decreased heart rate from 305+/-6 to 249+/-5 beats/min and body weight from 299+/-6 (C3) to 280+/-8 g (T10) (all P' < 0.0036). Serum [B] was higher in ACTH- (881+/-44 ng/ml) than sham-treated rats (384+/-17 ng/ml, P < 0.001). There were no differences between sham treatment and ACTH 0.5 microg/kg per day. SBP, MAP, DBP and heart rate were consistently higher for ACTH 100 microg/kg per day and sham-treated animals during the dark cycle (1800 h to 0600 h) than the light cycle (0600 h to 1800 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACTH 100 microg/kg per day raises blood pressure in conscious unrestrained Sprague-Dawley rats without any change in normal diurnal rhythm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The St George Hospital, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Mangos
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whitworth
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone