Adrenomedullin expression in pathogen-challenged oral epithelial cells.
Adrenomedullin, a multifunctional peptide, is expressed by many surface epithelial cells and, previously, we have demonstrated that adrenomedullin has antimicrobial activity. The oral cavity contains an epithelium that is permanently colonized by microflora, yet infections in a host are rare. We exposed oral keratinocytes to whole, live cells from four microorganisms commonly isolated from the oral cavity, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Eikenella corrodens. There was upregulation of protein and gene expression in these cells in response to bacterial suspensions, but not with the yeast, Candida albicans. We propose there is a potential role for microbial products in enhancing mucosal defense mechanisms and that adrenomedullin participates in the prevention of local infection, thus contributing to host defense mechanisms.
Kapas
S
S
Molecular Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Research Centre, 2 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom. s.kapas@mds.qmw.ac.uk
Bansal
A
A
Bhargava
V
V
Maher
R
R
Malli
D
D
Hagi-Pavli
E
E
Allaker
R P
RP
D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002176:Candida albicans; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000378:metabolism
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D023083:beta-Defensins; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide