title: Herpes simplex encephalitis: MRI findings in two cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assay.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I causes a fulminant necrotising meningoencephalitis distinguished from other encephalitides by its focal and often haemorrhagic nature. Specific antiviral therapy with acyclovir can significantly improve the prognosis. We present MRI findings of two cases of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) confirmed by PCR analysis, focusing on the serial changes after acyclovir therapy: gyral swelling, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the subfrontal region, temporal lobe and insula in the initial stage, then regional extension with enhancement and haemorrhage despite appropriate acyclovir therapy, and finally encephalomalacia and brain atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D000212:Acyclovir