title: Macrophage and lymphocyte chimerism in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from human lung allograft recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chimerism is suggested to predict a more favourable prognosis in solid organ transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight bronchoalveolar lavages from 10 patients (5 females and 5 males) who had received sex-mismatched donor lungs were monitored for varying periods of time, of up to 2 years, at regular intervals (median 3.0 (0.5-24) months). To investigate the chimerism in macrophages and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage cells a cloned 2.12 kilobase large biotinylated Y-chromosome-specific DNA-probe was used for in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Donor macrophages disappeared in seven patients within the first 6 months after surgery (median 3.0 (1-6) months). But 15% donor macrophages could be detected in one patient 1 year and 10% in 2 patients two years after surgery. Donor lymphocytes disappeared in all patients within 3 months (median 1 (0.5-3) months). There was no correlation between periods or severity of acute rejection and percentage of donor macrophages and donor lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage. None of the patients developed obliterative bronchiolitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macrophage chimerism in lung may exist for several years. Whilst our results do not elucidate the role of local macrophage chimerism, they do not currently support the view that chimerism prevents rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. rsbwi@ra.dk
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015342:DNA Probes; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes