title: Butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, activates the human IGF binding protein-3 promoter in breast cancer cells: molecular mechanism involves an Sp1/Sp3 multiprotein complex.
abstract: Specific cell growth stimulators and inhibitors regulate IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), where in turn IGFBP-3 mediates their biological effects. The molecular mechanism(s) by which these factors regulate IGFBP-3 are unknown. Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor causing growth arrest and differentiation, increases IGFBP-3 expression. We investigated the molecular mechanism of this induction using an IGFBP-3 promoter reporter system in MCF-7 and Hs578T breast cancer cells. IGFBP-3 promoter activity was induced up to 40-fold following a 24-h treatment with sodium butyrate and 46-fold in cells treated with trichostatin A, a pure histone deacetylase inhibitor. Deletion analysis of the IGFBP-3 promoter identified key sodium butyrate-responsive element(s) to a 45-bp region containing consensus binding sites for Sp1 and activating protein-2. Sp1 binding to the Sp1 site and Sp3 to the activating protein-2/GA-box played a functional role in sodium butyrate's activation of the IGFBP-3 promoter, however, with no change in binding direct sodium butyrate regulation was attributed to cofactors. The histone acetyltransferase p300 and histone deacetylase-1 were identified in multiprotein complexes containing DNA bound Sp1 and Sp3, with p300 accumulating following sodium butyrate treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that sodium butyrate increases IGFBP-3 expression by activating the IGFBP-3 promoter via an Sp1/Sp3 multiprotein complex, a mechanism that may be important for other key regulators of IGFBP-3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000502:physiology; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; C497121:SP3 protein, human; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; C012589:trichostatin A