title: Clinical outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation triggers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ablative therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) by targeting initiating triggers, usually in or around the pulmonary veins, has been reported by several centers. Evidence for an overall improvement in quality of life (QOL) and amelioration of symptoms is lacking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one patients undergoing attempted ablation of focal AF were followed for 60+/-33 weeks. QOL and symptom questionnaires were completed 1 month before and 6 months after electrophysiologic study. Twenty-three patients (32%) underwent electrophysiologic mapping but no ablation because of either insufficient or multifocal ectopy; the other 48 patients (68%) underwent attempted ablation. Sixteen of 48 patients (33%) undergoing ablation, or 16 (23%) of 71 on an intention-to-treat basis, were found at last follow-up to have persistent sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs. Patients who underwent mapping without ablation reported no improvements in any QOL or symptom score, whereas patients who had long-term successful ablation had significant improvements in all six QOL measures. Interestingly, patients who developed AF recurrence after ablation still reported significant improvements in 4 of 6 QOL measures. Four of 48 patients (8.3%) undergoing ablation developed pulmonary vein stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paroxysmal AF can be treated successfully in some patients by ablating initiating triggers in the pulmonary veins; however, in our experience the recurrence rate (32/48 [68%]) and risk of pulmonary vein stenosis (8%) after ablation are high. Patients with recurrent AF after ablation of focal AF triggers have significant improvement in QOL and symptoms compared with before ablation. Patients and their physicians should carefully balance the risks and benefits before considering ablation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA. edwardge@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gerstenfeld
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lesh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000009:adverse effects; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012008:Recurrence; D012495:San Francisco; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents