title: [Changes in penile blood flow during cycling--how does one prevent a decreased perfusion?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased incidence of erectile dysfunction has been observed in cycling enthusiasts. Compression of the perineal region during cycling seems to cause decreased penile perfusion. The resulting hypoxaemia in the corpus cavernosum is associated with penile fibrosis, which leads in the long run to erectile dysfunction. This study set out to determine if cycling can cause changes in penile perfusion and, if so, what precautions can be taken to avoid any associated health hazards, including whether various saddle forms and designs might influence penile blood flow. COHORTS AND METHODS: In 100 healthy athletic men (aged 36 +/- 6.2 years) transcutaneous penile oxygen pressure (tpO (2)) at the glans penis was measured during cycling in different positions and with different types of saddle, using a modified Clark oxygen electrode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The penile blood supply decreased significantly during cycling in a seated position. Cycling in a standing or reclining position (on a reclining bicycle) did not lead to any decrease in penile blood flow. Saddle width was the most important factor for ensuring adequate penile perfusion while cycling in a seated position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that changing from a seated to a standing position during cycling leads to a significant increase in penile perfusion. Therefore we suggest frequent changes from a seated to a standing position during cycling. Additionally we suggest taking sufficient breaks during prolonged and vigorous bike tours, in order to avoid any possible health hazards. Another, not yet widespread, alternative for avoiding a reduction in penile blood flow is cycling on a reclining bicycle.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie der Universität Köln, Germany. Frank.Sommer@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Engelmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011482:Protective Devices; D019876:Sports Equipment
vernacular_title: Veränderungen der penilen Durchblutung beim Radsport--wie verhindert man eine Minderdurchblutung?