title: Integrated pest management of two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae on greenhouse roses using petroleum spray oil and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis.
abstract: From 1995 to 1999, four experiments were conducted on greenhouse roses to assess the effectiveness of the nC24 petroleum spray oil (PSO), D-C-Tron Plus, against two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), and to determine how the oil could be most efficiently and effectively used in combination with the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in an integrated pest management program. The results showed that 0.5% PSO applied fortnightly to roses gave excellent protection from T urticae infestation when the mite population was not already established. However, PSO applied after roses were infested with T. urticae above the economic threshold only stabilised populations without reducing them below that threshold. Populations of P. persimilis in the upper and lower canopies were unchanged after two sprays of PSO at 7-day intervals, and application of PSO to the upper canopy was as effective in controlling T. urticae in the presence of P persimilis as spraying the entire plant. Combining PSO with P. persimilis gave better control of T. urticae than using P. persimilis alone. The most cost-effective use of PSO in the presence of P. persimilis is, therefore, to apply spray only to the upper canopy. This will not affect control of powdery mildew with PSO. Comparison of a control program for T urticae based on the monitored use of synthetic miticides with that based on calendar application of PSO revealed that both gave equally effective control. The benefits of combining PSO and P. persimilis in an integrated pest management program for T. urticae on roses over a program based on synthetic fungicides are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney Hawkesbury, Penrith South DC, NSW, Australia. o.nicetic@uws.edu.au
authors.lastname: Nicetic
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meats
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides; D008925:Mites; D009821:Oils; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010578:Petroleum; D011156:Population Density; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D027826:Rosa; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009821:Oils; D010578:Petroleum