title: Long-term efficacy of biobehavioral treatment of temporomandibular disorders.
abstract: This study evaluated the relative long-term efficacy of biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral skills training (CBST), combined biofeedback and CBST (Combined), and no-treatment comparison groups in 108 patients suffering from chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD). After an initial evaluation, patients were assigned to one of the four treatment conditions. The three biobehavioral treatment interventions consisted of 12 standardized sessions. Patients were reevaluated 1 year after completing treatment. Results demonstrated that patients who received the biobehavioral treatments reported significant improvement in subjective pain, pain-related disability, and mandibular functioning 1 year after receiving treatment. The no-treatment comparison group did not demonstrate such improvements. The combined biofeedback and CBST treatment produced the most comprehensive improvements across all outcome measures. These results again demonstrate the heuristic value of adopting a biopsychosocial perspective to the assessment and treatment of chronic medical/dental disorders such as TMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology, University of Texas Southwestern Medicine Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9044, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gardea
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gatchel
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome