title: Sacrospinous ligament fixation for massive genital prolapse in women aged over 80 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation for women over 80 years of age with massive vaginal vault or uterovaginal prolapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study with long term follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  and Methods The study group consisted of 25 women with a mean (SD) [range] age of 83 (3) [80-93] years: 13 had posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse and 12 had massive uterovaginal prolapse. All underwent vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation with repair of pelvic floor relaxation. Women with uterovaginal prolapse also underwent concomitant vaginal hysterectomy. The long term outcome was assessed in 19 women. The mean follow up period was 33 (31) [2-113] months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intra- and post-operative morbidity, mortality and recurrence of prolapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen of the 25 women (64 %) had no major intra- or post-operative complications. The mean estimated blood loss was 400 (280) mL, and seven women received blood transfusions. Four women (16%) had cardiovascular complications, and one died of pulmonary embolism. All four had a history of vascular disease. One woman had symptomatic recurrence of vault prolapse treated with a vaginal pessary; two women had asymptomatic cystocele and one had an enterocele requiring no treatment. The outcomes were similar for women with or without concurrent vaginal hysterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation is an effective treatment for massive vaginal vault or uterovaginal prolapse in aged women. Increased blood loss may elevate the risk of cardiovascular complications especially in elderly patients with a history of vascular disease, thus indicating the importance of intraoperative bleeding control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Heinonen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*