title: [Transcranial Doppler imaging: state of the art].
abstract: Initially introduced in the early 1980's, transcranial Doppler followed by transcranial Doppler sonography were used in neurosurgical units for management and follow-up of intracranial vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This imaging technique, more sensitive and less invasive than catheter angiography, also proved to be of value for diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerosis, management of patients with head trauma, and evaluation of collateral flow through the circle of Willis. Doppler US would also allow prediction of the risk of symptomatic embolic events through monitoring of HITS. Evaluation of the middle cerebral arteries during carotid occlusion testing is useful for evaluating the need for particular revascularization techniques. Finally, Doppler imaging is useful to assess patients with possible brain death. A recent advance in Doppler imaging is the ability to provide a three-dimensional projection (3D Doppler) of the intracranial arteries enabling improved detection and evaluation of stenoses involving the circle of Willis and improved characterization of intracranial aneurysms. These new applications benefit from the use of US contrast agents and harmonic US imaging.
authors.affiliation: Service de NeuroRadiologie, Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sadik
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riquier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koskas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zylberberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beyloune-Mainardi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Szmaragd
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berroir
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Piekarski
mesh_terms: D001926:Brain Death / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D018579:Patient Selection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
vernacular_title: Echo-Doppler transcrânien: Mise au point.