title: p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase but not p44/p42 MAP kinase is involved in prostaglandin E1-induced vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis in osteoblasts.
abstract: We investigated the mechanism underlying vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis stimulated by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. PGE1 induced the phosphorylation of both p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, inhibited the PGE1-stimulated VEGF synthesis as well as PGE1-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream kinase that activates p44/p42 MAP kinase, which reduced the PGE1-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase, had little effect on the VEGF synthesis stimulated by PGE1. AH-6809, an antagonist of the subtypes of the PGE receptor, EP1 and EP2, or SC-19220, an antagonist of EP1 receptor, did not inhibit the PGE1-induced VEGF synthesis. H-89, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and SQ22536, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, reduced the VEGF synthesis induced by PGE1. Cholera toxin, an activator of G(s), and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, induced VEGF synthesis. SB203580 and PD169316, another specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, reduced the cholera toxin-, forskolin- or 8bromo-cAMP-stimulated VEGF synthesis. However, PD98059 failed to affect the VEGF synthesis stimulated by cholera toxin, forskolin or 8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8bromo-cAMP). SB203580 reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase induced by forskolin or 8bromo-cAMP. These results strongly suggest that p44/p42 MAP kinase activation is not involved in the PGE1-stimulated VEGF synthesis in osteoblasts but that p38 MAP kinase activation is involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chubu National Hospital: National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kozawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uematsu
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000527:Alprostadil