title: The significance of interleukin 8 in urine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the implications of detection of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-8 was measured by immunoassay in all 305 urine samples from children aged 0-18.4 years received by our microbiology laboratory during four weeks, with a retrospective structured case note audit for all those in whom IL-8, white cells, or bacteria were detected. Patients were divided into three groups: urinary tract infection (UTI), at least one sample with >/=5 leucocytes x 10(9)/l and >/=10(5) cultured bacteria/ml; possible UTI, at least one sample with >/=5 leucocytes x 10(9)/l or >/=10(5) cultured bacteria/ml but not both; UTI unlikely, sample(s) with <5 leucocytes x 10(9)/l and <10(5) cultured bacteria/ml. Medical records were sought for all in groups 1 (14/14 found) and 2 (18/21 found) and those in group 3 (41/59 found) in whose urine any leucocytes, cultured bacteria, or IL-8 were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-8 was detected in 58/305 samples from 48/264 patients. IL-8 was detected in at least one urine sample from 13/14 patients with confirmed UTI (group 1); in 11/21 patients with possible UTI (group 2), of whom two were treated as UTI; and in 23/228 patients without UTI. Using a cut off of 200 pg/ml, urine IL-8 had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 90% for diagnosing UTI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine IL-8 is a sensitive test for UTI, but is poorly specific as it is also present in a variety of other infectious and inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Child Health, University of Sheffield, Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000652:urine*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8