title: Persistent TTX-resistant Na+ current affects resting potential and response to depolarization in simulated spinal sensory neurons.
abstract: Small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which include nociceptors, express multiple voltage-gated sodium currents. In addition to a classical fast inactivating tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) sodium current, many of these cells express a TTX-resistant (TTX-R) sodium current that activates near -70 mV and is persistent at negative potentials. To investigate the possible contributions of this TTX-R persistent (TTX-RP) current to neuronal excitability, we carried out computer simulations using the Neuron program with TTX-S and -RP currents, fit by the Hodgkin-Huxley model, that closely matched the currents recorded from small DRG neurons. In contrast to fast TTX-S current, which was well fit using a m(3)h model, the persistent TTX-R current was not well fit by an m(3)h model and was better fit using an mh model. The persistent TTX-R current had a strong influence on resting potential, shifting it from -70 to -49.1 mV. Inclusion of an ultra-slow inactivation gate in the persistent current model reduced the potential shift only slightly, to -56.6 mV. The persistent TTX-R current also enhanced the response to depolarizing inputs that were subthreshold for spike electrogenesis. In addition, the presence of persistent TTX-R current predisposed the cell to anode break excitation. These results suggest that, while the persistent TTX-R current is not a major contributor to the rapid depolarizing phase of the action potential, it contributes to setting the electrogenic properties of small DRG neurons by modulating their resting potentials and response to subthreshold stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Paralyzed Veterans of America/Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association Neuroscience Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Waxman
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015222:Sodium Channels; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D012964:Sodium