title: Caspase activity is involved in, but is dispensable for, early motoneuron death in the chick embryo cervical spinal cord.
abstract: We examined the role of caspases in the early programmed cell death (PCD) of motoneurons (MNs) in the chick embryo cervical cord between embryonic day (E) 4 and E5. An increase in caspase-3-like activity in MNs was observed at E4.5. Treatment with an inhibitor of caspase-3-like activity, Ac-DEVD-CHO, for 12 h blocked this increase and revealed that caspase-3-like activity is mainly responsible for DNA fragmentation and the nuclear changes during PCD but not for degenerative changes in the cytoplasm. When a more broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor was used (bocaspartyl (OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone, BAF), the appearance of degenerative changes in the cytoplasm was delayed by at least 12 h. However, following treatment with either Ac-DEVD-CHO or BAF for 24 h, the number of surviving healthy MNs did not differ from controls, indicating a normal occurrence of PCD despite the inhibition of caspases. These results suggest that caspase cascades that occur upstream of and are independent of the activation of caspase-3-like activity are responsible for the degenerative changes in the cytoplasm of dying cervical MNs. These data also suggest that, although one function of caspases may be to facilitate the kinetics of PCD, caspases are nonetheless dispensable for at least some forms of normal neuronal PCD in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. h-yaginm@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yaginuma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiraiwa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momoi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology; D003374:Coumarins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: C112287:Ac-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartyl-aminomethylcoumarin; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D003374:Coumarins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; C099158:acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal; C103192:butyloxycarbonyl-O-methyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases