title: Anesthetic efficacy of unilateral and bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks to determine cross innervation in anterior teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to measure the degree of anesthesia obtained with unilateral and bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks to determine whether cross innervation occurs in anterior teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through use of a repeated-measures design, 38 subjects randomly received unilateral or bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks at two separate appointments. Each inferior alveolar nerve block used 3.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Mandibular anterior teeth were blindly pulp-tested at 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes' postinjection. No response from the subject to the maximum output (80 reading) of the pulp tester was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive 80 readings were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred percent of the subjects had lip numbness with each of the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques. Anesthetic success rates of the unilateral inferior alveolar nerve block were 39% for the central incisor, 50% for the lateral incisor, and 68% for the canine. For the bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks, success rates were 66% for the central incisor, 74% for the lateral incisor, and 76% for the canine. The bilateral inferior alveolar nerve block success rates were significantly (P <.05) higher for the central and lateral incisors when compared with the success rates of the unilateral inferior alveolar nerve block.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross innervation does seem to occur in mandibular central and lateral incisors. However, the success rates in these teeth with bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks were below 75%. The failure of the inferior alveolar nerve blocks to anesthetize the anterior teeth was the overriding reason for failure. Clinically, bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks to provide profound pulpal anesthesia in mandibular anterior teeth are not recommended on the basis of the results of this study.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus 43218-2357, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonchak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reader
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Meyers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003481:Cuspid / Q000294:innervation*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000294:innervation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007180:Incisor / Q000294:innervation*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008046:Lip / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000294:innervation; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine