Prevention of prostate cancer.
Strategies for reducing the occurrence of prostate cancers will be critical in limiting the morbidity and mortality of this disease. The long latency period of prostate tumors and improved understanding of prostate carcinogenesis suggest opportunities for effective preventive measures. Because androgen is integral to prostatic carcinogenesis, several preventive strategies under investigation target the androgen axis. Epidemiologic and basic studies implicate dietary factors in prostate cancer development and suggest that altering diet may influence prostate cancer risk and progression. Many of the micronutrients with preventive potential have antioxidant properties; cellular defenses against oxidative stresses are likely to be crucial in reducing prostate carcinogenesis. This article summarizes the current status and opportunities in prostate cancer prevention.
DePrimo
S E
SE
Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5118, USA.
Shinghal
R
R
Vidanes
G
G
Brooks
J D
JD
D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018120:Finasteride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008019:Life Style; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D044469:Racial Groups; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use
D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018977:Micronutrients; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D018120:Finasteride; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; D012643:Selenium; D000077276:Lycopene