title: Effect of calcium antagonist or beta blockade treatment on nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation and oxidative stress in essential hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Essential hypertension is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation caused by oxygen free radical-induced nitric oxide (NO) breakdown. Since calcium antagonists can improve endothelial function in hypertensive patients, we tested whether this beneficial effect could be related to restoration of NO availability by antioxidant activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 healthy subjects and 20 essential hypertensive patients, we studied forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) modifications induced by intrabrachial acetylcholine (from 0.15-15 microg/100 ml per min), bradykinin (0.005-0.05 microg/100 ml per min), two endothelium-dependent vasodilators, and sodium nitroprusside (1-4 microg/100 ml forearm tissue per min), an endothelium independent vasodilator, in the absence and presence of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (100 microg/100 ml forearm tissue per min), an NO synthase inhibitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In controls, vasodilation to acetylcholine and bradykinin was inhibited by L-NMMA. In hypertensive patients, vasodilation to acetylcholine and bradykinin, but not to sodium nitroprusside, was blunted and resistant to L-NMMA. Hypertensive patients were randomized to a 12-week treatment with lacidipine (4-6 mg/daily) or atenolol (50-100 mg/daily) (n = 10 each group). Lacidipine but not atenolol increased the vasodilation to acetylcholine and bradykinin and restored the inhibiting effect of L-NMMA on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, without affecting the response to sodium nitroprusside. Moreover, lacidipine reduced circulating markers of oxidative stress including plasma and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) hydroperoxides, the susceptibility of LDL to Cu2+-induced oxidation and the reactive oxygen species generated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells after incubation with LDL derived from plasma of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lacidipine increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring NO availability, and this effect possibly is related to antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. s.taddei@int.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virdis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghiadoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magagna
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Garbin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cominacini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvetti
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001682:Biological Availability; D015415:Biomarkers; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C060285:lacidipine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001262:Atenolol