title: An update on antileishmanial vaccine candidates and prospects for a canine Leishmania vaccine.
abstract: Dogs are the domestic reservoir for Leishmania infantum, the parasite causing zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in both the Old and New Worlds. Since the available methods for canine leishmaniasis treatment and control have limited efficacy, the development of a canine Leishmania vaccine is highly desirable. Mechanisms of antileishmanial immune responses in murine, human, and canine infections are briefly presented. Vaccine candidates, including live or killed parasites, Leishmania purified fractions, defined recombinant parasite antigens, live recombinant bacteria expressing Leishmania antigens and antigen-encoding DNA plasmids, are reviewed. Finally, some practical requirements for the evaluation of vaccine candidates in dogs are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. gradoni@iss.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gradoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D051379:Mice; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines