title: Characterization of the rat GRIK5 kainate receptor subunit gene promoter and its intragenic regions involved in neural cell specificity.
abstract: The GRIK5 (glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate-5) gene encodes the kainate-preferring glutamate receptor subunit KA2. The GRIK5 promoter is TATA-less and GC-rich, with multiple consensus initiator sequences. Transgenic mouse lines carrying 4 kilobases of the GRIK5 5'-flanking sequence showed lacZ reporter expression predominantly in the nervous system. Reporter assays in central glial (CG-4) and non-neural cells indicated that a 1200-base pair (bp) 5'-flanking region could sustain neural cell-specific promoter activity. Transcriptional activity was associated with the formation of a transcription factor IID-containing complex on an initiator sequence located 1100 bp upstream of the first intron. In transfection studies, deletion of exonic sequences downstream of the promoter resulted in reporter gene activity that was no longer neural cell-specific. When placed downstream of the GRIK5 promoter, a 77-bp sequence from the deleted fragment completely silenced reporter expression in NIH3T3 fibroblasts while attenuating activity in CG-4 cells. Analysis of the 77-bp sequence revealed a functional SP1-binding site and a sequence resembling a neuron-restrictive silencer element. The latter sequence, however, did not display cell-specific binding of REST-like proteins. Our studies thus provide evidence for intragenic control of GRIK5 promoter activity and suggest that elements contributing to tissue-specific expression are contained within the first exon.
authors.affiliation: Section on Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Laboratory of Cellular and Synaptic Neurophysiology, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qie
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D021122:Protein Subunits; D051381:Rats; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D021122:Protein Subunits; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor