title: Sequential changes in mucosal immunity after hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: Immunoinflammatory responses after shock and major trauma are characterized by an early hyperinflammatory response and later by compensatory anti-inflammatory host mediator production. This late phase is associated with depressed immune function that has been causally linked with post-traumatic infectious complications and late organ failure. Gut barrier failure is noted in this setting and may be an important source of nosocomial infections and organ failure. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the predominant immunoglobin at mucosal surfaces and is difficult to quantify in luminal secretions. Attempts to normalize sIgA concentrations may not be accurate and/or may not be applicable in vivo. A method using mucosal immunization with cholera toxin (ChT) to normalize gut sIgA levels was used to assess serial changes in sIgA after hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rodents. Total and anti-ChT sIgA levels were highly variable in both HS and sham animals. However, when normalized using the specific anti-ChT/total sIgA ratio, differences were clearly evident. This ratio was depressed between 3 and 10 days post-HS. The specific anti-ChT/total sIgA ratio is a reliable index of secretory antibody at gut luminal surfaces. Impaired mucosal immune function occurred in a time frame consistent with development of late nosocomial infections. This may be important mechanistically in the development of these infectious complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Liberati
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Diebel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory