title: Nontraumatic vs. traumatic spinal cord injury: a rehabilitation outcome comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a significant proportion of individuals admitted for SCI rehabilitation; however, there is limited literature regarding their outcomes. As our society continues to age and nontraumatic injuries present with greater frequency, further studies in this area will become increasingly relevant. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of patients with nontraumatic SCI with those with traumatic SCI after inpatient rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study with matched block design was used comparing 86 patients with nontraumatic SCI admitted to a SCI rehabilitation unit and 86 patients with traumatic SCI admitted to regional model SCI centers, controlling for age, neurologic level of injury, and American Spinal Injury Association impairment classification. Main outcome measures included acute and rehabilitation hospital length of stay, FIM scores, FIM change, FIM efficiency, rehabilitation charges, and discharge-to-home rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that when compared with traumatic SCI, patients with nontraumatic SCI had a significantly (P < 0.01) shorter rehabilitation length of stay (22.38 vs. 41.35 days) and lower discharge FIM scores (57.3 vs. 65.6), FIM change (18.6 vs. 31.0), and rehabilitation charges ($25,050 vs. $64,570). No statistical differences were found in acute care length of stay, admission FIM scores, FIM efficiency, and community discharge rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that patients with nontraumatic SCI can achieve rates of functional gains and community discharge comparable with traumatic SCI. Whereas patients with traumatic SCI achieved greater overall functional improvement, patients with nontraumatic SCI had shorter rehabilitation length of stay and lower rehabilitation charges. These findings have important implications for the interdisciplinary rehabilitation process in the overall management and outcome of individuals with nontraumatic SCI.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Seel
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gadi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tewksbury
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology