title: Effects of dietary arabinogalactan on gastrointestinal and blood parameters in healthy human subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arabinogalactan (AG) is a non-digestible soluble dietary fiber that resists hydrolytic enzyme action and enters the large bowel intact where it is fermented by resident microflora. To determine whether AG has similar physiological properties to other soluble dietary fibers, we examined the effect of 15 and 30 g per day of a commercially available AG from Western Larch on several gastrointestinal and blood parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastrointestinal parameters included fecal microflora, fecal enzyme activity, fecal short-chain fatty acids, fecal pH, fecal weight, transit time and bowel frequency. Blood parameters included total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo-A1, Apo-B, glucose and insulin. The study consisted of two three-week diet treatments with no washout period. Participants (n=20, 11 males, 9 females) consumed their usual diet in addition to 15 or 30 g AG in a beverage sweetened with aspartame as compared to their usual diet with the control beverage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases in total fecal anaerobes were observed with 15 g (p=0.01) and 30 g AG (p=0.001). A significant increase (p=0.02) in Lactobacillus spp. was observed when subjects consumed AG for a total of six weeks regardless of dose. There were no significant changes in other microflora, fecal enzyme activity, transit time, frequency, fecal weight, fecal pH and short-chain fatty acids. Fecal ammonia levels decreased with 15 g (p=0.001) and 30 g (p=0.002) AG. No significant changes in blood lipids or blood insulin were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that dietary AG is easily incorporated into the diet, well tolerated in subjects and has some positive effects on fecal chemistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feirtag
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Slavin
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000382:microbiology; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005685:Galactans; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D000641:Ammonia; D002784:Cholesterol; C005653:arabinogalactan