title: Orbital wall approach with preoperative orbital imaging for identification and retrieval of lost or transected extraocular muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of an anterior approach along the orbital wall to recover a lost or transected extraocular muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective review of lost or transected muscles retrieved by an anterior orbitotomy approach to the adjacent orbital wall because they were unable to be recovered by a standard conjunctival approach. Magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography was performed on all subjects before surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients underwent anterior orbitotomy via an orbital wall approach; all had undergone an attempted retrieval from a standard transconjunctival approach that failed. Five muscles had been lost from surgical or traumatic transection, and 1 muscle had been lost during strabismus surgery. The muscle location at retrieval ranged from 20 to 25 mm (mean, 23 mm) posterior to the limbus. The duration that these muscles were disinserted ranged from 7 days to 7.5 years (mean, 24 months). Preoperative deviation in primary gaze ranged from 15 to 50 PD, whereas first day postretrieval deviations all measured less than 8 PD. After a mean follow-up of 162 weeks, the mean deviation in primary gaze was 2 PD (range, orthotropia to 7 PD of esotropia).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior orbitotomy along the orbital wall with preoperative orbital imaging of extraocular muscle anatomy and function combine to create a valuable approach for retrieval of a lost or transected muscle. This technique may successfully retrieve lost or transected muscles that previously were irretrievable when using a standard transconjunctival approach.
authors.affiliation: Children's Eye Care Center, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Underdahl
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Demer
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015348:Vision, Binocular