title: Effect of short-term exposure to chlorpyrifos on developmental parameters and biochemical biomarkers in Chironomus riparius Meigen.
abstract: Chironomus riparius Meigen were exposed to sediment spiked with 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 mg chlorpyrifos/kg dry sediment for 48 h as late third-instar larvae. Acetylcholinesterase activity, glutathione-S-transferase activity, burrowing behavior, emergence time, and adult dry weight were measured to determine which were the most sensitive biomarkers of exposure and effect for short-term sublethal exposures. There was a significant drop in acetylcholinesterase activity at the two highest concentrations, but no effect on glutathione-S-transferase activity. Behavioral and life history biomarkers were sensitive only to the highest concentration of chlorpyrifos. The association of life history changes (female weight and male emergence times) with a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity suggests that this can be used as a biomarker of exposure and effect.
authors.affiliation: School of Animal & Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom. A.Callaghan@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hirthe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crane
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018978:Molting / Q000187:drug effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007306:Insecticides; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos