title: Regulation of adrenomedullin secretion in cultured human skin and oral keratinocytes.
abstract: Adrenomedullin, a potent vasoactive peptide, is actively secreted from primary cultures of human oral and skin keratinocytes, but nothing is known of the regulation of its release. This study describes the effects of a range of substances on adrenomedullin production from cultures of oral and skin keratinocytes. We have established that keratinocytes do not store adrenomedullin but secrete it constitutively. Cytokines interleukin-1alpha and -1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, and the bacterial product, lipopolysaccharide, significantly stimulate adrenomedullin secretion from oral but not skin keratinocytes. Both transforming growth factor-beta1 and interferon-gamma are potent suppressors of adrenomedullin secretion from both cell types, as are forskolin, di-butyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and adrenocorticotropin. The peptides thrombin and endothelin-1 increase adrenomedullin production, particularly from skin keratinocytes. These findings indicate that there are differences in the regulation of adrenomedullin production between oral and skin keratinocytes and that oral keratinocytes are particularly responsive to the action of inflammatory cytokines. This raises the possibility that adrenomedullin may serve a different functions in oral mucosa and skin.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Barts & the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK. s.kapas@mds.qmw.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapas
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tenchini
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Farthing
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D006490:Hemostatics; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D010455:Peptides; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D005576:Colforsin; D003994:Bucladesine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D013917:Thrombin