title: Doppler ultrasonographic identification of the critical segmental artery for spinal cord protection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of identifying critical segmental arteries (CSAs) based on Doppler ultrasonographic hemodynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 18 mongrel dogs, the descending aorta was scanned directly with a 5-MHz linear probe through left thoracotomies and the flow velocities in segmental arteries were measured by pulsed Doppler. The aorta was cross-clamped between Th13 and L1, and flow velocity changes were recorded. According to flow increases, segmental arteries were divided into three groups: arteries with the largest flow increase (L-arteries), arteries with the smallest increase (S-arteries) and other arteries (O-arteries). Animals were divided into three groups. One aortic segment including an L-artery or an S-artery was perfused via a temporary shunt during 30-min aortic cross-clamping distal to the left subclavian artery (Group L or Group S) and neurological outcomes were compared with those of animals without shunting (Group N) after 24 and 48 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-arteries had significantly larger flow increases than S- and O-arteries (74.3+/-33.8, 20.4+/-9.8 and 33.3+/-17.8 cm/s, P<0.01). In Group N, five of the six animals were completely paraplegic (Tarlov Grade 0) and the other was Grade 1. In Group S, four animals were Grade 4 and two were Grade 0 after 24h. However, two animals showed delayed paraplegia. Therefore, four animals were Grade 0 and two were Grade 4 after 48 h. All animals in Group L were neurologically normal (Grade 4) at both after 24h (vs. Group N, P=0.0013) and 48 h (vs. Group N, P=0.0013; vs. Group S, P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flow responses to aortic cross-clamping differed among segmental arteries and selective perfusion of L-arteries completely prevented paraplegia. Therefore, L-arteries were considered to be CSAs. Hemodynamic measurement of segmental arterial flow using Doppler ultrasonography could be clinically useful for spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aortic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan. shibata-tho@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyairi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003250:Constriction; D004285:Dogs; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler