title: Protein synthesis: twenty three amino acids and counting.
abstract: The genetic code can be interpreted during translation as 21 amino acids and three termination signals. Recent advances at the interface of chemistry and molecular biology are extending the genetic code to allow assignment of new amino acids to existing codons, providing new functional groups for protein synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomolecular Recognition, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory B, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3c, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibba
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stathopoulos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Söll
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005815:Genetic Code; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011506:Proteins; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases