title: Caveolin-1 expression negatively regulates cell cycle progression by inducing G(0)/G(1) arrest via a p53/p21(WAF1/Cip1)-dependent mechanism.
abstract: Caveolin-1 is a principal component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Caveolin-1 mRNA and protein expression are lost or reduced during cell transformation by activated oncogenes. Interestingly, the human caveolin-1 gene is localized to a suspected tumor suppressor locus (7q31.1). However, it remains unknown whether caveolin-1 plays any role in regulating cell cycle progression. Here, we directly demonstrate that caveolin-1 expression arrests cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. We show that serum starvation induces up-regulation of endogenous caveolin-1 and arrests cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, targeted down-regulation of caveolin-1 induces cells to exit the G(0)/G(1) phase. Next, we constructed a green fluorescent protein-tagged caveolin-1 (Cav-1-GFP) to examine the effect of caveolin-1 expression on cell cycle regulation. We directly demonstrate that recombinant expression of Cav-1-GFP induces arrest in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. To examine whether caveolin-1 expression is important for modulating cell cycle progression in vivo, we expressed wild-type caveolin-1 as a transgene in mice. Analysis of primary cultures of mouse embryonic fibroblasts from caveolin-1 transgenic mice reveals that caveolin-1 induces 1) cells to exit the S phase of the cell cycle with a concomitant increase in the G(0)/G(1) population, 2) a reduction in cellular proliferation, and 3) a reduction in the DNA replication rate. Finally, we demonstrate that caveolin-1-mediated cell cycle arrest occurs through a p53/p21-dependent pathway. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that caveolin-1 expression plays a critical role in the modulation of cell cycle progression in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and The Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galbiati
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Volonté
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capozza
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pestell
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lisanti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C495541:Cav1 protein, mouse; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D019311:Staurosporine