title: The institute of medicine's "dietary reference intake" for phosphorus: a critical perspective.
abstract: Two questions relevant to the safety of phosphate additives have been raised in the literature: 1) Is the dietary ratio of calcium to phosphorus clinically significant in humans? Specifically, can a high-phosphorus, low-calcium diet cause hypocalcemia and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism in humans? 2) Does the growing use of phosphate-containing food additives increase the risk of low bone density and/or fracture in humans? In 1999, the Institute of Medicine published a monograph which addressed these two questions. This article critically reviews the findings and conclusions of the Institute of Medicine in the light of recent research.
authors.affiliation: leonardsax@prodigy.net
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sax
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005503:Food Additives / Q000009:adverse effects; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010710:Phosphates / Q000009:adverse effects; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D005503:Food Additives; D010710:Phosphates; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary