title: Update on intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute stroke: from clinical trials to clinical practice.
abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injected intravenously within 3 hours of symptom onset has emerged as a treatment option for acute ischemic stroke. Although controversial and not universally accepted, its use in carefully selected patients is supported by evidence from randomized controlled trials and by mounting community experience. In this paper we review the literature published in the past 5 years regarding the safety, clinical trial efficacy and real-world effectiveness of intravenous tPA for stroke. First we review data from the phase III clinical trials on which approval for tPA is based. Then we summarize a growing literature of postmarketing phase IV studies and discuss the limitations and challenges that lie ahead. Our aim is to provide clinicians with an overview of this evolving therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gladstone
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D017327:Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator