title: The plasma protein extravasation induced by adenosine and its analogues in the rat dorsal skin: evidence for the involvement of capsaicin sensitive primary afferent neurones and mast cells.
abstract: 1. The contribution of sensory neurons and mast cells to the oedema evoked by adenosine A1 (N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine, CPA, 3 - 30 nmol site(-1)), A2 (5'N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, NECA, 1 - 10 nmol site(-1)) and A3 receptor agonists (N6-[3-iodobenzyl]-N-methyl-5'-carboxiamidoadenosine, IB-MECA, 0.01 - 3 nmol site(-1)) was investigated in the rat skin microvasculature, by the extravascular accumulation of intravenously-injected (i.v.) 125I-albumin. 2. Intradermal (i.d.) injection of adenosine and analogues induced increased microvascular permeability in a dose-dependent manner (IB-MECA > NECA > CPA > adenosine). The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline (5 - 50 nmol site(-1)) markedly inhibited adenosine, CPA or NECA but not IB-MECA-induced plasma extravasation. The A1 receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 0.3 - 3 micromol kg(-1), i.v.) significantly reduced CPA-induced plasma extravasation whereas responses to adenosine, NECA or IB-MECA were unchanged. The A2 receptor antagonist 3,7-dymethyl-1-proprargylxanthine (DMPX, 0.5 - 50 nmol site(-1)) significantly reduced NECA-induced plasma extravasation without affecting responses to adenosine, CPA and IB-MECA. 3. The tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist (S)-1-[2-[3-(3,4-dichlorphenyl)-1 (3-isopropoxyphenylacetyl) piperidin-3-yl] ethyl]-4-phenyl-1 azaniabicyclo [2.2.2]octane chloride (SR140333), but not the NK2 receptor antagonist (S)-N-methyl-N[4-acetylamino-4-phenyl piperidino)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butyl]-benzamide (SR48968), significantly inhibited the plasma extravasation evoked by higher doses of adenosine (100 nmol site(-1)), CPA (100 nmol site(-1)), NECA (1 nmol site(-1)) and IB-MECA (0.1 - 1 nmol site(-1)). In rats treated with capsaicin to destroy sensory neurons, the response to higher doses of adenosine, CPA and NECA, but not IB-MECA, was significantly inhibited. 4. The effects of adenosine and analogues were largely inhibited by histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonists and by compound 48/80 pretreatment. 5. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that adenosine A1 and A2, but not A3, receptor agonists may function as cutaneous neurogenic pro-inflammatory mediators; acting via microvascular permeability-increasing mechanisms that can, depending on dose of agonist and purine receptor under study, involve the tachykinin NK1 receptor and mast cell amines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, PO Box 6111, 13081-970, Campinas, (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Esquisatto
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ribela
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Brain
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Nucci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019830:Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013805:Theobromine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010880:Piperidines; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011812:Quinuclidines; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2; C037692:Tyrode's solution; C068032:GR 73632; C084956:N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine; C085215:SR 140333; D013373:Substance P; D019830:Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; C048599:N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine; C057837:3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine; D000241:Adenosine; D013805:Theobromine; D002211:Capsaicin