title: Protein delivery from materials formed by self-selective conjugate addition reactions.
abstract: A new chemical cross-linking scheme was utilized for the formation of degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels suitable for the delivery of protein drugs. An aqueous solution containing a PEG-multiacrylate and solid particles of albumin was mixed with an aqueous solution containing a PEG-dithiol, rapidly producing a cross-linked hydrogel through a Michael-type addition reaction. For some formulations, it was observed that about 65% of the incorporated protein was released with zero-order kinetics over a period of about 4 days. By changing the functionality of the cross-linker, the release of protein could even be delayed for about 4 days, followed by zero-order release. The mechanism for release appeared to be a combination of slow dissolution of protein in the presence of PEG and hindered diffusion of protein through the gel. The cross-linking of the gels was studied rheometrically, and the hydrolytic degradation of the gels was characterized by measuring the swelling of the gels. Biochemical analysis of the released proteins demonstrated that the polymers reacted with each other, but not with proteins. Utilizing the Flory-Rehner and Peppas-Merrill equations, a framework for modeling the protein release from the gels is described.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Moussonstrasse 18, CH-8044, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Elbert
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lutolf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halstenberg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hubbell
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D020100:Hydrogels; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D020100:Hydrogels; D011506:Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C006903:carbopol 940