title: Forearm bone density in long-term users of oral combined contraceptives and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the bone mineral density of users of combined oral contraceptives (OC) or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (depot-MPA) with women who have never used a hormonal contraceptive method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary-care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 189 women, aged 30 to 34 years old, were allocated to three groups: 63 who had used OC for at least 2 years; 63 who had used depot-MPA for at least 2 years; and 63 control women who had never used hormonal contraceptives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each woman's bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated at the distal and ultradistal section of the radius of the nondominant forearm by the use of single x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained BMD measurements for each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent of the period of use and the section of the forearm studied, we found no difference in BMD for OC or depot-MPA users when compared to women who had never used hormonal contraceptive methods. In addition, BMD was similar between OC users and depot-MPA users. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the variables associated with BMD were weight, number of pregnancies, and the woman's occupation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women aged 30 to 34 years who have used OC or depot-MPA have similar BMD as control women. These findings suggest that the use of OC or depot-MPA does not affect the BMD of women in this age group.
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bahamondes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009790:Occupations; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004343:Drug Implants; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate