title: Effects of calcium, inorganic phosphate, and pH on isometric force in single skinned cardiomyocytes from donor and failing human hearts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During ischemia, the intracellular calcium and inorganic phosphate (P(i)) concentrations rise and pH falls. We investigated the effects of these changes on force development in donor and failing human hearts to determine if altered contractile protein composition during heart failure changes the myocardial response to Ca(2+), P(i), and pH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isometric force was studied in mechanically isolated Triton-skinned single myocytes from left ventricular myocardium. Force declined with added P(i) to 0.33+/-0.02 of the control force (pH 7.1, 0 mmol/L P(i)) at 30 mmol/L P(i) and increased with pH from 0.64+/-0.03 at pH 6.2 to 1.27+/-0.02 at pH 7.4. Force dependency on P(i) and pH did not differ between donor and failing hearts. Incubation of myocytes in a P(i)-containing activating solution caused a potentiation of force, which was larger at submaximal than at maximal [Ca(2+)]. Ca(2+) sensitivity of force was similar in donor hearts and hearts with moderate cardiac disease, but in end-stage failing myocardium it was significantly increased. The degree of myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation was significantly decreased in end-stage failing compared with donor myocardium, resulting in an inverse correlation between Ca(2+) responsiveness of force and myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that contractile protein alterations in human end-stage heart failure alter Ca(2+) responsiveness of force but do not affect the force-generating capacity of the cross-bridges or its P(i) and pH dependence. In end-stage failing myocardium, the reduction in force by changes in pH and [P(i)] at submaximal [Ca(2+)] may even be less than in donor hearts because of the increased Ca(2+) responsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. J.van_der_Velden.physiol@med.vu.nl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Der Velden
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaremba
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Boontje
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huybregts
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stooker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eijsman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Stienen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D010710:Phosphates; D002118:Calcium