Histamine and selective H3-receptor ligands: a possible role in the mechanism and management of epilepsy.
The interaction of selective histamine H3-receptor agonist R(alpha)-methyl-histamine (RAMH) and antagonist thioperamide (THP) with some antiepileptic drugs [AED; phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), sodium valproate (SVP), and gabapentin (GBP)] was studied on seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice. It was found that subeffective dose of THP in combination with the subeffective doses of PHT and GBP provided protection against MES and/or PTZ-induced seizures. Further, RAMH reversed the protection afforded by either PHT or GBP on MES and/or PTZ seizures. In another set of experiments, the histamine content was measured in the whole brain and in different brain regions including cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebellum following convulsant (MES and PTZ) and AED treatment. It was seen that while MES exhibited a tendency to enhance brain histamine levels, PTZ showed the opposite effect. AEDs either increased (PHT and GBP) or decreased (SVP) brain histamine content in different regions to varying degrees. The results indicate a role for histamine in seizures and in the action of AEDs and suggest that selective H3-receptor antagonists may prove to be of value as adjuncts to conventional AEDs.
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Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India. divyavohora@usa.net
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D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003292:Convulsants; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D017442:Histamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008761:Methylhistamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018100:Receptors, Histamine H3 / Q000378:metabolism*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003292:Convulsants; D017442:Histamine Agonists; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D008761:Methylhistamines; D010880:Piperidines; D018100:Receptors, Histamine H3; C069357:alpha-methylhistamine; D006632:Histamine; C052075:thioperamide; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole