title: Susceptibility to neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and the T102C polymorphism in the serotonin type 2A receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, which may involve dopamine-serotonin interaction. Case-control association studies have identified the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene as being associated with schizophrenia and responsiveness to clozapine. In this study, we examine the association of this polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene as a risk factor for developing schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia from prolonged treatment with neuroleptics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven healthy control subjects with no history of mental illness and 221 schizophrenic patients (87 with tardive dyskinesia, 134 without) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison between cases and control subjects revealed no significant association between the C allele and schizophrenia. There was significant difference in allele frequency (p = .044, OR = 1.54 95% CI = 1.02-2.33) between patients who developed tardive dyskinesia and those who did not. Significant difference remains even after adjusting for age and neuroleptic dosage (p = .041) with the odds ratio at 1.64 (95% CI = 1.02-2.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A genetic variant of the 5-HT2A receptor may be associated with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to replicate the finding. The role of 5-HT2A receptor in the etiology of tardive dyskinesia or treatment-resistant schizophrenia should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Defence Medical Research Institute, Defence Science and Technology Agency, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahendran
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine