title: Effects of high-affinity GABAB receptor antagonists on active and passive avoidance responding in rodents with gamma-hydroxybutyrolactone-induced absence syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Absence seizures in man are behaviourally manifested as arrest and mild jerks mainly of facial muscles, associated in the electroencephalogram with synchronous spike and wave discharges. Gamma-hydroxybutyrolactone (GHBL) administration is currently used as an experimental model of absence seizures in rats and mice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of three potent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptor antagonists CGP55845A, CGP62349 and CGP71982 (0.01 mg/kg) on the development of GHBL-induced absence epilepsy and in learning paradigms of active and passive avoidance tests in GHBL-treated mice and rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 4 weeks of development of the absence syndrome, active and passive avoidance tests with negative reinforcement were performed. In both animal species, the absence syndrome was observed after 3 weeks of treatment in the saline group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GABAB receptor antagonists CGP55845A and CGP62349 appeared to suppress the development of the absence syndrome to a greater degree in mice than in rats. CGP71982 suppressed it later than the other two antagonists (fifth week). In an active avoidance test in GHBL-treated mice, the GABAB antagonists had different effects - CGP62349 improved learning and memory retention to a greater extent than CGP55845A, whilst CGP71982 had no influence on it. In a passive avoidance test in GHBL-treated mice, the GABAB antagonists also had different effects - CGP71982 improved both learning and memory retrieval, whereas CGP55845A and CGP62349 had no effect. In the active avoidance test in GHBL-treated rats, the GABAB antagonist CGP55845A improved learning, whereas the other two, CGP62349 and CGP71982, had no effect. In the passive avoidance test the GHBL-treated rats showed an improvement in short memory retrieval. CGP55845A and CGP71982 improved this further, whilst CGP62349 had no effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GHBL appeared to influence mice and rats in a different manner - rats learned the active avoidance task better than the GHBL-treated mice. The present study confirms previous data that GABAB antagonists suppress absence behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Higher Medical Institute Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Getova
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Bowery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058788:GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010721:Phosphinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; C114540:CGP 62349; C114539:CGP 71982; D058788:GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; D009025:Morpholines; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010721:Phosphinic Acids; D011412:Propanolamines; C085075:CGP 55845A