title: Flow quantification of the non-occlusive excimer laser-assisted EC-IC bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For six years, we used the Excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis technique for high-flow revascularization of the brain in patients with either nonclippable and noncoilable giant aneurysms of the internal carotid or basilar artery or progressive stroke associated with occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery. The aim of this study is to assess the blood flow capacity of this type of Extra-Intracranial bypass and its haemodynamic behaviour over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with a giant aneurysms and 8 patients with occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery were treated with the nonocclusive Excimer laser assisted EC-IC bypass. intra-operatively, direct measurements of flow in the EC-IC bypass were performed in all patients (Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca. NY). Postoperatively, follow up measurements of flow were performed with MR angiography in 14 patients with a giant aneurysm after occluding the internal carotid artery, and 7 patients with occlusive carotid disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean flow in the laser assisted bypasses in the group of patients with a giant aneurysm was 158 ml/min after ligation or balloon occlusion of the ICA. The mean flow of the laser assisted bypass in the group of patients with ICA occlusive disease was 130 ml/min. A comparison with data on flow capacity of conventional EC IC bypasses is made. A demonstrated increase of flow in the bypass during follow up is discussed from a haemodynamic point of view.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that the flow capacity of the nonoccluding excimer laser assisted bypass is much higher than the capacity of the conventional, more peripherally located conventional EC IC bypass, and should therefore be denoted as High-Flow EC IC bypass. Consequently, this type of bypass can be a powerful and safe tool in new revascularization strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Zwan
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tulleken
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hillen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome