title: Reasons for higher in-hospital mortality >24 hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in women compared with men.
abstract: Women have a higher in-hospital mortality rate than men after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To determine reasons for this, we analyzed the outcome of PTCA at our institution from 1989 to 1995 for 5,989 patients (2,101 women). Women were older than men (66.8 +/- 10.9 vs 61.0 +/- 11.2 years, respectively; p <0.0001) and more likely to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or a history of congestive heart failure than men. In-laboratory complications at the time of PTCA were similar for women and men. During the first 24 hours after PTCA, women were more likely than men to become hypotensive (0.33% vs 0.08%, p = 0.04) and had a higher rate of vascular injury than men (1.6% vs 0.6%, p <0.001). More than 24 hours after the procedure, women had a significantly higher mortality rate (1.2% vs 0.52%, p = 0.017), which was no longer significantly different after adjustment for age (odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 1.32). Multivariate correlates of death >24 hours after PTCA were age, a prior history of congestive heart failure, vascular injury, and use of thrombolytic agents. Of those dying >24 hours after the procedure, 67% of women suffered a noncardiac-related death compared with only 10% of men (p <0.001). The noncardiac death rate was 0.8% for women and 0.05% for men. These deaths were related to renal failure, vascular complications, bleeding, hypotension, and stroke, especially hemorrhagic stroke. In conclusion, immediate procedural complications at PTCA were similar for women and men; however, mortality was higher for women >24 hours after PTCA and before discharge due to a higher rate of noncardiac death.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. fwelty@caregroup.harvard.edu
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kowalker
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shubrooks
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors