title: Tranexamic acid in off-pump coronary surgery: a preliminary, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the hemostatic effects of tranexamic acid, a synthetic antifibrinolytic drug, in patients undergoing beating-heart coronary surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients were in a double-blind manner, prospectively randomized into two groups: 20 patients received tranexamic acid (bolus of 1 g before skin incision, followed by continuous infusion of 400 mg/hr during surgery), and 20 patients received saline. As primary outcomes, bleeding and allogeneic transfusions were considered. D-dimer and fibrinogen plasma levels were also evaluated to monitor the activation of fibrinolysis. Major postoperative thrombotic events, as a potential consequence of antifibrinolytic treatment, were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment group had significantly lower postoperative bleeding (median [25th to 75th percentiles]: 400 mL [337 to 490 mL] vs 650 ml [550 to 862 mL], p < 0.0001), lower need for allogeneic blood products (1,200 vs 5,300 mL, p < 0.001), and lower postoperative D-dimer plasma levels. No postoperative thrombotic complications were observed in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this initial series of patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery, tranexamic acid appears to be effective in reducing postoperative bleeding and the need for allogeneic blood products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Milan, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. valter.casati@tin.it
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benussi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alfieri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D005340:Fibrinogen