title: Nephrotic origin hyperlipidemia, relative reduction of vitamin E level and subsequent oxidative stress may promote atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relation between nephrotic syndrome and atherosclerosis has not yet been fully clarified, although the high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol usually found in this syndrome may give rise to atherosclerosis. This study was intended to test the disturbances of antioxidant/oxidant status in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS).
  
  
  METHODS
  8 children in the active stage (AS) of NS, 7 children during the remission stage (REM) of NS, and 14 control subjects (CTRL) were enrolled into the study. The levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-chol), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-chol), triglycerides (TG), vitamin E and 7-ketocholesterol (7KCH) before and after plasma saponification were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in the concentrations of TC, LDL-chol, vitamin E and total 7KCH in AS patients have been found. These patients had also a lower vitamin E/LDL-chol ratio. These changes have not been observed in the remission stage of nephrotic syndrome. Higher amounts of electronegatively charged-(oxidized) LDL particles as well as different oxysterols in AS patients have also been demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed significant disturbances in oxidant status during NS leading to plasma accumulation of oxidized LDL and cholesterol oxidation products that exert cytotoxicity and are known to induce atherosclerosis. We suggest that this may constitute an important link between nephrotic syndrome and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Silesian Medical University, ul Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Katowice, Poland. biochemz@infomed.slam.katowice.pl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skrzep-Poloczek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomasik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarnawski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hyla-Klekot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dyduch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wojciechowska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wesolowski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kopieczna-Grzebieniak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zalejska-Fiolka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D007653:Ketocholesterols / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007653:Ketocholesterols; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D014810:Vitamin E; C003001:7-ketocholesterol