title: Cadaverine prevents the escape of Shigella flexneri from the phagolysosome: a connection between bacterial dissemination and neutrophil transepithelial signaling.
abstract: Shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery in humans by invading epithelial cells of the colon, which is characterized by an acute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL)-rich inflammation. Our recent studies demonstrated that cadaverine, a polyamine, specifically acts to abrogate transepithelial signaling to PMNL induced by S. flexneri. Here, insight is provided into the cellular mechanisms by which cadaverine attenuates the ability of Shigella species to induce PMNL signaling. It was found that cadaverine retards the lysis of the Shigella species-containing vacuole, suggesting that a blockade is established, in which the pathogen is prevented from adequately interacting with the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, an IcsA mutant of S. flexneri that cannot interact with the cytoskeleton and spreads intercellularly fails to induce transmigration of PMNL. Results indicate that cadaverine-induced compartmentalization of Shigella species to the phagolysosome might be a protective response of the host that directly contributes to the diminished ability of PMNL to transmigrate across model intestinal epithelia.
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunology Laboratories, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-4404, USA. mifernan@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuch
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siber
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Maurelli
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000382:microbiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009154:Mutation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C058483:virG protein, Shigella flexneri; D002103:Cadaverine