title: Frasier syndrome with childhood-onset renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1) gene encodes a protein which is believed to exert transcriptional and tumour-suppressor activities. Mutations of this gene have occasionally been associated with Wilms' tumour (<15% of cases) and, more consistently, with three syndromes characterized by urogenital abnormalities (WAGR, Denys-Drash and Frasier syndrome). SUBJECT/METHOD: A 25-year-old phenotypic female with a 46,XY karyotype presented with amenorrhoea. An ultrasound scan showed streak gonads and a rudimentary uterus. The patient had a history of post-streptococcal glomerulonephrosis, when aged 4 years, which had rapidly progressed to kidney failure, requiring transplantation at age 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frasier syndrome was suspected and confirmed by genetic analysis. In fact, direct sequencing of the PCR product of the intron 9 donor splice site revealed a substitution of guanine for adenine in position +5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides being one of the few Frasier syndrome cases to be genetically characterized, this case is interesting because of the unusually early-onset renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Auxoendocrinologia, Clinica Pediatrica dell'Università di Brescia, Italia. mazzolar@master.cci.unibs.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilotta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Felappi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camerino
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Notarangelo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000235:genetics; D016162:Genes, Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D013290:Streptococcal Infections; D013577:Syndrome