title: Forward or inversely planned segmental multileaf collimator IMRT and sequential tomotherapy to treat multiple dominant intraprostatic lesions of prostate cancer to 90 Gy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the technical feasibility of using forward or inversely planned segmental multileaf collimator (SMLC) intensity-modulated radiotherapy and sequential tomotherapy (ST) to escalate to a dose of 90 Gy to multiple dominant intraprostatic lesions within the prostate gland while delivering a dose of 75.6 Gy to the remaining prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A selected case with one dominant intraprostatic lesion located at the left base and a second dominant intraprostatic lesion at the right apex of the prostate was planned using three different intensity modulation techniques. Two plans were generated with inverse treatment planning, using either SMLC or ST with a special multivane collimator. The third plan also employed SMLC but was generated using forward planning. All three plans were compared based on dose-volume histograms, isodose distributions, and doses to sensitive normal structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three plans meet and exceed the desired dose constraints, limiting doses to the rectum and bladder to an estimated RTOG Grade 2 complication rate of <10%. The ST plan achieved the best dose conformality, whereas the inverse SMLC plan gave the lowest dose to the rectal wall, and the forward SMLC plan obtained the best dose homogeneity inside the targets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using any of the three intensity-modulated techniques, it is technically feasible to concurrently treat multiple selected high-risk regions within the prostate to 90 Gy and the remaining prostate to 75.6 Gy, while keeping the doses to the rectum and the bladder significantly lower than those associated with a Grade 2 complication rate of 10%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pickett
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vigneault
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roach
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum; D001743:Urinary Bladder