title: Synthesis of substituted benzamides as anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit preferentially cyclooxygenase 1 but do not cause gastric damage.
abstract: Parsalmide (5-amino-N-butyl-2-(2-propynyloxy) benzamide) (5a), is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), commercialised in Italy until 1985 with the brand name of Synovial(R), that has been widely used to treat arthritic patient. In addition, it was shown to spare gastric mucosa. Here we have synthesised a series of novel substituted benzamides, related to Parsalmide, and have evaluated their activity in vitro on COX-1 and COX-2 as well as in vivo in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema, a classical in vivo anti-inflammatory assay. Compounds 5b, 11a and 11b, which showed a favourable profile in vitro and in vivo, were screened in comparison with Parsalmide for gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability in vivo in the rat. Results obtained showed that Parsalmide and compound 11b inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro as well as they were active in vivo. Both compounds were devoid of gastric effect at the efficacious dose. In addition, both prevented indomethacin-induced gastric damage. Thus, these compounds may guide the definition of a new leading structure with anti-inflammatory activity that may allow designing new safer NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131, Naples, Italy. caliendo@unina.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caliendo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santagada
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perissutti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Severino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiorino
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ifa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cirino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Nucci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015195:Drug Design; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005508:Food Deprivation; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012756:Sheep; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat