title: Estimating the percentage of Papanicolaou smears that can be reproducibly identified: modeling Papanicolaou smear interpretation based on multiple blinded rescreenings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple blinded rescreenings of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears for litigation purposes is based on the assumption that a subset of Pap smears can be reproducibly identified. The size of this subset is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  To estimate the size of the subset of Pap smears that can be reproducibly identified, a model was constructed based on the results of repeated blinded screenings in the AutoPap Primary Screening System Trial. Additional analysis came from data in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Routine and AutoPap-assisted screening both have a detection rate for all detected abnormal cases of < 50%. Models with only two subsets or types of slides each with a different detection rate correlated well with the available data. Data from multiple rapid reviews strongly supported the existence of additional definable subsets. Although the percentage of cases with an expected detection rate of 100% in a three-subset model might have been as high as 30% of the abnormal cases detected in a single review, all estimates that included a second subset of slides with at least a 50% detection rate limited the percentage of slides in the 100% sensitive subset of slides to < 2% of all abnormal slides and < 6% of all abnormal slides detected by a single screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated screenings of Pap smears allowed more accurate models of the sensitivity of Pap-smear screening and the overall incidence of abnormal cases. The data strongly supported the existence of multiple subsets of Pap smears, which can be defined by repeated blinded rescreenings. The percentage of slides that can be reproducibly identified was small.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Baptist Hospital of Miami, Miami, Florida 33176, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*