title: Fibroblast growth factor activation of the rat PRL promoter is mediated by PKCdelta.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factors play a critical role in cell growth, development, and differentiation and are also implicated in the formation and progression of tumors in a variety of tissues including pituitary. We have previously shown that fibroblast growth factor activation of the rat PRL promoter in GH4T2 pituitary tumor cells is mediated via MAP kinase in a Ras/Raf-1-independent manner. Herein we show using biochemical, molecular, and pharmacological approaches that PKCdelta is a critical component of the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway. PKC inhibitors, or down-regulation of PKC, rendered the rat PRL promoter refractory to subsequent stimulation by fibroblast growth factors, implying a role for PKC in fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. FGFs caused specific translocation of PKCdelta from cytosolic to membrane fractions, consistent with enzyme activation. In contrast, other PKCs expressed in GH4T2 cells (alpha, betaI, betaII, and epsilon) did not translocate in response to fibroblast growth factors. The PKCdelta subtype-selective inhibitor, rottlerin, or expression of a dominant negative PKCdelta adenoviral construct also blocked fibroblast growth factor induction of rat PRL promoter activity, confirming a role for the novel PKCdelta isoform. PKC inhibitors selective for the conventional alpha and beta isoforms or dominant negative PKCalpha adenoviral expression constructs had no effect. Induction of the endogenous PRL gene was also blocked by adenoviral dominant negative PKCdelta expression but not by an analogous dominant negative PKCalpha construct. Finally, rottlerin significantly attenuated FGF-induced MAP kinase phosphorylation. Together, these results indicate that MAP kinase-dependent fibroblast growth factor stimulation of the rat PRL promoter in pituitary cells is mediated by PKCdelta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. Twila.Jackson@UCHSC.edu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schweppe
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Koterwas
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bradford
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms; D011388:Prolactin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002227:Carbazoles; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009281:Naphthalenes; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C081021:Go 6976; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D011388:Prolactin; C085746:rottlerin; C497260:Prkcd protein, rat; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; C058819:calphostin C