title: Bone density in an immigrant population from Southeast Asia.
abstract: The epidemiology of bone loss in populations of Asian heritage is still poorly known. This study compared the skeletal status of a convenience sample of 396 Southeast Asian immigrants (172 Vietnamese, 171 Cambodians and 53 Laotians) residing in Rochester, Minnesota in 1997 with 684 white subjects previously recruited from an age-stratified random sample of community residents. Areal bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, g/cm3) were determined for lumbar spine and proximal femur using the Hologic QDR 2000 instrument for the white population and the QDR 4500 for Southeast Asian subjects; the machines were cross-calibrated from data on 20 volunteers. Lumbar spine BMD was 7% higher in white than Southeast Asian women (p < 0.001), and similar results were observed for the femoral neck; lumbar spine BMD was 12% higher in white than nonwhite men (p < 0.001). Race-specific discrepancies were reduced by calculating BMAD: for premenopausal women, lumbar spine and femoral neck differences between whites and Southeast Asians were eliminated; for postmenopausal women the lumbar spine differences persisted (p < 0.0001), while femoral neck BMAD was actually higher for Southeast Asians. There were no race-specific differences in femoral neck BMAD among men of any age (p = 0.312), but lumbar spine BMAD was less for younger (p = 0.042) but not older (p = 0.693) Southeast Asian men. There were differences among the Southeast Asian subgroups, but no clear pattern emerged. Predictors of lumbar spine BMAD in Southeast Asian women were age (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.015) and gravidity (p = 0.037). Even after adjusting for bone size using BMAD, 32% and 9% of Southeast Asian women and men, respectively, would be considered to have osteoporosis at the femoral neck and 25% and 4%, respectively, at the lumbar spine. These findings indicate a need for culturally sensitive educational interventions for Southeast Asians and for physicians to pursue diagnosis and treatment to prevent osteoporosis-related disabilities in this population.
authors.affiliation: Office of Diversity in Clinical Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Melton
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Muhs
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Crowson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosomeen
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: O'Fallon
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Riggs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002160:Cambodia / Q000208:ethnology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007812:Laos / Q000208:ethnology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People