title: The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 1. Psychiatric outcomes in adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strong links exist between juvenile and adult depression but comorbid conduct disorder in childhood may mitigate this continuity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the impact of comorbid conduct disorder on psychiatric adult outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 149 subjects assessed at the Maudsley Hospital in the period 1970-1983 and meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with (n=53) or without (n=96) conduct disorder were interviewed 20 years later. Data were collected on the lifetime history of psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult depressive recurrence was high for major depression (62.4%) and any depression (75.2%), and survival analyses showed no difference between the two groups. The group with conduct disorders had higher rates of drug misuse and dependence, alcoholism and antisocial personality disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent depression carries an elevated risk of adult depression irrespective of comorbidity. Comorbid conduct disorder in childhood is associated with raised rates of other psychiatric outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fombonne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wostear
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012008:Recurrence