title: Structure of dental glass-ionomer cements by confocal fluorescence microscopy and stereomicroscopy.
abstract: The microstructure of four cements, setting by different mechanisms (acid-base, dual cure, triple cure), was studied. The porosity of unpolymerized materials was detected by stereomicroscopy. After polymerization and storage in water or lactic acid solution, the porosity, filler distribution and gel layer, which was formed at the filler/matrix interface of polymerized materials, were examined by confocal laser microscopy. For this purpose, the specimens were treated with fluorescent dye solution before the test. The results showed that hydrolytic degradation (pH 7) mainly involved the resin matrix, and the acid erosion (pH 3.5) involved the gel layer too. As regards the filler, materials with different setting mechanism released the glass particles in different times. The loss of the filler particles occurred quicker in acid-base setting cements, and slower in triple-cured material.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Sciences, IVFM, University of Parma, Italy. fano@unipr.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fano
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fano
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005782:Gels; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005782:Gels; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements