title: Accommodation of females in the high-G environment: the USAF Female Acceleration Tolerance Enhancement (FATE) Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1993, the U.S. Secretary of Defense opened combat aircraft assignments to women. To verify the adequacy of acceleration (+Gz) protection for female high-G aircrew, USAF investigators conducted fit tests of standard and developmental G-protective equipment and determined the effectiveness of a unique laboratory modification (AL Mod) of the standard (CSU-13B/P) anti-G suit during gender-comparative centrifuge evaluations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Investigators determined relaxed +Gz tolerance and straining endurance to +4.5 to +7 Gz and +5 to +9 Gz simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) centrifuge profiles (4.5-7 SACM: 8 females and 10 males; and 5-9 SACM: 6 females and 8 males, respectively). Additionally, in the 5-9 SACM study, between and within gender SACM endurance differences were assessed before and after female subjects' use of the AL Mod. Ten female subjects also were fit tested in extended coverage, developmental G-protective equipment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no gender difference in 4.5-7 SACM endurance. Male 5-9 SACM endurance exceeded that of females in the unmodified CSU-13B/P (p < 0.05), but gender parity was achieved when females wore the AL Mod. Fit modifications of developmental G-protective equipment were not required, but smaller sizes of the standard CSU-13B/P and a developmental anti-G suit were indicated and developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In properly fitted anti-G suits, gender parity in SACM endurance is achievable; however, full accommodation of female aircrew in the high-G environment will require the AL Mod and/or smaller sized anti-G suits.
authors.affiliation: Health & Wellness Directorate, USAF Air Mobility Warfare Center, Ft. Dix, NJ, USA. james.dooley@brookds.af.mil
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hearon
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shaffstall
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005676:Gravity Suits; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000145:classification; D016730:Program Development; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States