title: A four-dimensional probabilistic atlas of the human brain.
abstract: The authors describe the development of a four-dimensional atlas and reference system that includes both macroscopic and microscopic information on structure and function of the human brain in persons between the ages of 18 and 90 years. Given the presumed large but previously unquantified degree of structural and functional variance among normal persons in the human population, the basis for this atlas and reference system is probabilistic. Through the efforts of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM), 7,000 subjects will be included in the initial phase of database and atlas development. For each subject, detailed demographic, clinical, behavioral, and imaging information is being collected. In addition, 5,800 subjects will contribute DNA for the purpose of determining genotype- phenotype-behavioral correlations. The process of developing the strategies, algorithms, data collection methods, validation approaches, database structures, and distribution of results is described in this report. Examples of applications of the approach are described for the normal brain in both adults and children as well as in patients with schizophrenia. This project should provide new insights into the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function in the human brain and should have important implications in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and cerebral disorders.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. mazz@loni.ucla.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazziotta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zilles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iacoboni
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schormann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amunts
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Palomero-Gallagher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kabani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Goualher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feidler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boomsma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hulshoff Pol
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazoyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000716:Anatomy, Artistic; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008875:Middle Aged; D009445:Neuroanatomy / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology