title: Bone marrow micrometastases detected by RT-PCR for mammaglobin can be an alternative prognostic factor of breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new prognostic factor of breast cancer, bone marrow micrometastases which was detected by RT-PCR for mammaglobin, a sensitive molecular marker of breast cancer, was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eleven samples from stage I-III breast cancer patients were examined. Bone marrow micrometastases and clinicopathological parameters, which were age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and status of the estrogen receptor, were evaluated for the prognostic factor by statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up time was 21.1 months. Thirty-three (29.7%) out of 111 samples were RT-PCR positive. Eight cases (24.2%) in this group showed recurrent lesions in the distant organs. Whereas six (7.7%) out of 78 RT-PCR negative patients had distant recurrences. In the premenoposal patients, and in the patients with axillary lymph node metastases, RT-PCR positive cases showed significantly higher distant recurrent rate. Bone marrow micrometastases, axillary nodal status, and estrogen receptor were independent prognostic factors for breast cancer by both univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone marrow micrometastases detected by RT-PCR for mammaglobin can be a useful predictive marker for early distant recurrence of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan. mooka@onsurg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ooka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060785:Mammaglobin A; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014598:Uteroglobin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D060785:Mammaglobin A; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C556448:SCGB2A2 protein, human; D014598:Uteroglobin