Caspase inhibition: a potential therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases.
Caspases are intracellular proteases that participate in apoptotic pathways in mammalian cells, including neurons. Here we review evidence that caspase inhibition, through pharmacological or molecular means, may inhibit neuronal cell death in a number of in vitro and in vivo models of neurological disease. It has recently become clear that, at least in most cell culture models, caspase inhibition offers only transient protection, and that a caspase-independent death eventually occurs. This may be due to irreversible caspase-independent alterations at the level of the mitochondria. Despite concerns that targeting caspases alone may prove insufficient to truly reverse the effects of various death stimuli, in vivo studies indicate that caspase inhibition promotes survival and functional outcome in a variety of neurological disease models. In addition, studies of human post-mortem material suggest that caspases are activated in certain human neurological diseases. Caspase inhibition may therefore provide a novel strategy for the treatment of such disorders. Caspases, through the generation of toxic fragments of critical protein substrates, may also be involved in earlier steps of neuronal dysfunction, such as protein aggregation in Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease, and therefore caspase inhibition may be of additional value in the treatment of these particular disorders.
Rideout
H J
HJ
Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Stefanis
L
L
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors