title: A randomized trial of exercise programs among older individuals living in two long-term care facilities: the FallsFREE program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use two different exercise programs over a 2-year period to reduce falls and their sequelae among residents of two long-term care facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place at two long-term care facilities with services ranging from independent living to skilled nursing.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ten participants whose average age was 84 and who were capable of ambulating with or without assistive devices and could follow simple directions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to one of two exercise groups (resistance/endurance plus basic enhanced programming or tai chi plus basic enhanced programming) or to a control group (basic enhanced programming only). Exercise classes were held three times per week throughout the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were evaluated for cognitive and physical functioning at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Falls were determined from incident reports filed by the nursing staffs at the facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to first fall, time to death, number of days hospitalized, and incidence of falls did not differ among the treatment and control groups (P>.05). Among all participants, those who fell had significantly lower baseline Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination and instrumental activities of daily living scores and experienced significantly greater declines in these measures over the 2-year program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences in falls among the two exercise groups and the control group. Lack of treatment differences and low adherence rates suggest that residents of long-term care facilities may require individualized exercise interventions that can be adapted to their changing needs.
authors.affiliation: Mercy Center for Aging, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania., USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nowalk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bayles
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Colvin
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D016852:Housing for the Elderly; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020380:Needs Assessment; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014891:Weight Lifting