title: Feto-maternal morbidity and mortality after cardiac valve replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the fetomaternal morbidity and mortality of the pregnancies of women who conceived after cardiac valve replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of one hundred and thirty-six pregnancies of one hundred and one patients who conceived after cardiac valve replacement were retrospectively analyzed. Regarding the anticoagulation therapy, 101 patients were classified into three groups: A: patients on oral anticoagulants (n=68), B: patients on heparin (n=16) and C: patients who received no anticoagulation (n=17).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three groups (patients on oral anticoagulants (A), on heparin (B), patients who received no anticoagulation (C)) were compared in terms of spontaneous abortion (19%, 11%, 5.6%), preterm delivery (14%, 22.3%, 16.6%), maternal mortality (3%, 11.1%, 0%), thromboembolic events (4%, 11.1%, 0%), cardiac failure (6%, 11.1%, 11.1%), atrial fibrillation (9%, 11.1%, 5.6%), antenatal bleeding (9%, 11.1%, 5.6%), delivery route and fetal malformation (5%, 0%, 0%) and no statistically significant differences were detected. In group B, hematoma formation rate (22.2%) (p=0.011) and transfusion rate (27.8%) (p=0.005) were significantly higher. Five cases of congenital anomalies were detected, all belonging to group A, but this tendency was not found to be statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of pregnancies with prosthetic heart valves require closely monitored anticoagulation, and an obstetrician should be familiar with the potential fetal and maternal adverse effects of any anticoagulant therapy during the course of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayhan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bildirici
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dogan
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin