title: Four year follow up of aortic valve replacement for isolated aortic stenosis: a link between reduction in pressure overload, regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in left ventricular function and the impact of ventricular hypertrophy and pressure gradient early and late after aortic valve replacement in patients with isolated aortic stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  41 patients with isolated aortic stenosis and normal systolic function underwent cross sectional and Doppler echocardiography two months before and two weeks and four years after aortic valve replacement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early after the operation, left ventricular mass index (mean (SD)) decreased from 187 (44) g/m(2) to 179 (46) g/m(2), because of a reduction in end diastolic diameter (p < 0.05). Aortic pressure gradients were reduced, as expected. Isovolumic relaxation time was reduced from 93 (20) ms to 78 (12) ms, and deceleration time from 241 (102) ms to 205 (77) ms (p < 0.05). At four years, left ventricular mass index was further reduced to 135 (30) g/m(2) (p < 0.01) as a result of wall thickness reduction in the interventricular septum (from 14 (1.6) mm to 12 (1.4) mm, p < 0.01) and the posterior wall (from 14 (1.6) mm to 12 (1.3) mm, p < 0.01). Diastolic function, expressed by a reduction in isovolumic relaxation time from 93 (20) ms to 81 (15) ms (p < 0.01) and deceleration time from 241 (102) ms to 226 (96) ms (p < 0.05), remained improved. Prolonged isovolumic relaxation time was associated with significant septal and posterior wall hypertrophy (wall thickness > 13 mm) (p < 0.05), whereas prolonged deceleration time was related to high residual gradient (peak gradient > 30 mm Hg ) (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular diastolic function improves early after surgery for aortic stenosis in parallel with the reduction in the aortic gradient. However, prolongation of Doppler indices of myocardial relaxation and ventricular filling is observed in patients with significant left ventricular hypertrophy and a residual pressure gradient early after surgery. At four years postoperatively, diastolic function remains improved.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikonomidis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsoukas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parthenakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gournizakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassimatis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rallidis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nihoyannopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology