title: The effects of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro.
abstract: The effects of two commonly used cell culture mitogens, pokeweed (PWM) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on bovine oocyte maturation in vitro (IVM) and preimplantation embryo development in vitro were evaluated by randomized complete block experimental design with three treatments. Effects were measured by quantifying subsequent embryo development. Oocyte maturation was adversely affected by PWM-containing medium as indicated by a decrease in cleavage rate and subsequent embryo development to morula and blastocyst stages. Embryo developmental competence was also adversely affected by PWM. Development in PHA-containing medium was significantly better (P<0.05) than in the PWM treatment, although there was no difference (P>0.05) when compared to Control. We conclude that there are no beneficial effects in adding mitogenic agents to culture medium to enhance in vitro embryo production and development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-9400, USA. swang@cc.usu.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Panter
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bunch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D009028:Morula / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens