title: Immunopotentiation of a developed Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis vaccine by thymulin and zinc in meat chicken breeders.
abstract: The humoral immunity, spleen and thymus weight indices, lymphocyte count in the thymus cortex, and granuloma diameter at vaccination sites were assessed in four differently immunopotentiated groups of meat chicken breeders. Breeders in the first two groups were given a killed Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) vaccine subcutaneously at 15 and 19 weeks of age. Breeders in the third and fourth groups were left unvaccinated. Breeders in the first group were further immunopotentiated with zinc and thymulin. Each bird in the first group was given the immunopotentiators intraperitoneally in a volume of 0.1 ml at intervals of 3 days for a period of 3 weeks, starting at 15 weeks of age. At each time, each bird in the first group received thymulin (10 ng) and ZnCl2 (1 micromol/L), using a carboxymethyl cellulose carrier, totalling 90 ng thymulin and 9 micromol of ZnCl2 per bird. Each bird in the first three groups was challenged orally with 6.7 x 10(6) cfu/ml of highly virulent SE organisms, at an age of 22 weeks. The first group, which had received zinc and thymulin, had the earliest and highest humoral immune response to SE (p<0.05). This was observed at 2 and 4 weeks after the first vaccination. In addition, the first group had the highest mean thymus weight index, and the highest mean lymphocyte count in the thymus cortex. No significant difference was observed between the first two vaccinated groups in the mean granuloma diameter developed at the two vaccination sites 48 h after administration of the vaccine (p>0.05).
authors.affiliation: Animal Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. eb01@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Barbour
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hamadeh
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Bejjani
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Faroon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouljihad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spasojevic
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Safieh-Garabedian
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000592:standards; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D015032:Zinc / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating; D015032:Zinc