title: Periprostatic local anesthesia before ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: an update of the miami experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy is a very common office procedure for most urologists. Pain or discomfort associated with this procedure has been addressed recently by the use of periprostatic local anesthesia. We re-address this issue with an update of our experience and emphasize the crucial steps that contribute to the success of the technique. We also analyzed the subsequent intraoperative effects of injecting lidocaine into the area of the neurovascular bundles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1999 and December 2000, 200 patients underwent TRUS-guided biopsies of the prostate. Patients were properly consented and subjected to the procedure using periprostatic nerve block with 10 cm3 of 1% plain lidocaine. An 'ultrasonographic wheal' was created between the rectal wall and the posterior aspect of the prostate and three or four different locations along the neurovascular bundles. Pain scores were evaluated with the visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TRUS biopsy of the prostate was performed in 200 consecutive patients using periprostatic local anesthesia, 40 patients (20%) had undergone previous prostate biopsy without anesthesia. The age of patients ranged from 44 to 75 years (mean 67). The number of biopsies ranged from 6 to 14. Mean time from introduction of the probe per rectum to the end of the procedure was 18 min. There were no instances of clinical infection, significant bleeding, urinary retention, diaphoresis or hypotension. The visual analogue scale ranged from 1 to 3 (mean 2). Intraoperative findings in 62 patients who subsequently underwent nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy were no different from the patients who had biopsies without a local anesthetic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate is the procedure of choice for diagnosing prostate cancer. This procedure can be accomplished with minimal pain with the use of periprostatic local anesthesia. It is an easy, safe, acceptable and reproducible technique that we believe should be considered for all patients undergoing TRUS biopsy regardless of age or number of biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Fla 33101, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Soloway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine