title: Extraoperative cortical stimulation of motor function in children.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors altering the amperage threshold needed to provoke functional responses in children with epilepsy. Twenty patients (4-18 years of age) who underwent epilepsy surgery at our institution from 1996-2000 after insertion of subdural grid electrodes were reviewed retrospectively. Extraoperative electrical cortical stimulation was performed with 50-Hz biphasic pulses of 0.2 ms in duration using a "distance reference" technique. Amperage thresholds of primary motor responses and afterdischarges were evaluated. The patients were grouped according to underlying pathology: eight with neuronal migration disorders (group A) and 12 with other disorders (group B). The motor cortex was defined successfully in all children because the afterdischarges threshold was higher than the motor cortical threshold. Amperage thresholds ranged from 2-20 mA (mean = 7.7) for primary motor function. An inverse relationship was found between amperage threshold and age: the younger the patient, the higher the threshold (P = 0.0005). Patients in group A required a higher amperage (2-20 mA, mean = 8.6) for motor cortical mapping than those in group B (2-14 mA, mean = 6.4). Younger children with neuronal migration disorders require a higher amperage threshold to achieve adequate motor functional mapping with careful observation of afterdischarges.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology and Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chitoku
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rutka
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdoll
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Snead
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011612:Psychosurgery; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014741:Video Recording