title: Analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of intrathecally administered romifidine or romifidine and ketamine in goats (Capra hircus).
abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of romifidine alone (50 microg/kg) and a combination of romifidine (50 microg/kg) and ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) after intrathecal administration in goats. Ten adult goats of either sex weighing between 15 and 20 kg were randomly placed in 2 groups (groups I and II). The agents were administered at the lumbosacral subarachnoid space. Clinico-physiological parameters such as analgesia, motor incoordination, sedation, salivation, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial pressure, central venous pressure and rectal temperature were studied. Other haematobiochemical parameters monitored were packed cell volume, haemoglobin, plasma proteins, glucose, urea and creatinine. The onset of analgesia was faster in group II (35.5 +/- 6.25 s) compared to that of group I (5.2 +/- 0.54 min). Analgesia of the tail, perineum, hind limbs, flank and thorax was mild to moderate in group I, but complete analgesia of tail, perineum and hind limbs was recorded in group II. Motor incoordination was mild in group I and severe in group II. Significant reduction in heart rate (more pronounced in group I) and respiratory rate (more pronounced in group II), and a significant increase in central venous pressure were recorded in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was reduced in both groups, but more markedly in group I. Sedation, electrocardiogram, rectal temperature and haemato-biochemical parameters did not show significant differences between the 2 groups. The results of this study indicated a possible synergistic analgesic interaction between intrathecally administered romifidine and ketamine, without causing any marked systemic effects in goats.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India. aithal@ivri.up.nic.in
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Aithal
authors.lastname: Amarpal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kinjavdekar
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pawde
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pratap
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; D007649:Ketamine; C076257:romifidine