title: A new mode of percutaneous upper thoracic phenol sympathicolysis: report of 50 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our previous study demonstrated that a high concentration of phenol (75-90%) with minimal volume (0.02 ml) can elicit serious degeneration of ganglion cells of the stellate ganglia in cats. Another previous study in our clinical patients demonstrated that approximately 84 to 90% of the upper thoracic (T2-T3) sympathetic trunks can be found under an endoscope on the ventral side of the T2-T3 rib heads. In this report, we present a new mode of dorsal percutaneous thoracic phenol sympathicolysis (PTPS) for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis or axillary bromidrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with palmar hyperhidrosis or axillary bromidrosis were injected with 75% phenol into a total of 98 sides of the T2-T3 or T3-T4 sympathetic trunks and ganglia. The injected volume was 0.6 to 1.2 ml (average, 0.8 ml) for each side. The technique of dorsal percutaneous injection was performed under local anesthesia or local with intravenous general anesthesia and under the guidance of a C-arm fluoroscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients (80%) showed satisfactory results, including cessation of sweating. The success rates of PTPS were 83.7% (41 of 49 patients) on the left side and 91.8% (45 of 49 patients) on the right side. The skin temperature of the thumb increased by 5.3 to 5.4 degrees C approximately 1 hour after the phenol injection in patients with satisfactory results, whereas it increased by only 1.3 to 2.7 degrees C in patients who had unsatisfactory results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTPS may be a good alternative to endoscopic sympathectomy to treat palmar hyperhidrosis and axillary bromidrosis. The skin temperature of the thumb is still a useful index to evaluate preliminarily whether PTPS has been successful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China. ycwang@vghtc.vghtc.goc.tw
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019800:Phenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013563:Sympathectomy, Chemical
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D019800:Phenol