One thousand renal transplants at Belfast City Hospital: post-graft neoplasia 1968-1999, comparing azathioprine only with cyclosporin-based regimes in a single centre.
From 1968-1999, 868 recipients of 1,000 renal transplants were followed up for neoplasia. Altogether, 102 tumours were diagnosed in 94 patients (11.8% incidence). Eighty-seven occurred among 750 single and 15 occurred among 118 multiple graft recipients. Three of 11 patients with pre-existing tumour developed posttransplant neoplasia, either new or recurrent. The most frequently seen posttransplant neoplasms were squamous carcinoma of skin, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) and gastro-intestinal (GI) cancer. Forty-one tumour-related deaths occurred (44% mortality). Patients on CSA (C) regimes had a greater cumulative incidence of tumour after transplantation than those on azathioprine and low-dose prednisolone alone (A regime) had--12.7% (34 of 268) vs. 4.5% (15 of 335) of those at risk up to 5 years (relative increased rate of incidence 2.4) with more early cases of PTLD. C-regime patients who developed neoplasia had been prescribed significantly higher CSA doses than tumour-free controls (4.5 vs. 3.4 mg/kg/day; p = 0.014). Patients who made a late conversion from the A to the C regime subsequently developed more neoplasms than nonconverted controls (25.7% vs. 12%), mainly due to early and often aggressive squamous carcinoma. Transplant survival figures were similar for both A- and C-regime groups. These findings suggest that current CSA doses are higher than are necessary for optimal graft survival and thus increase the risk of early neoplasia without any compensatory advantage. A dose reduction of CSA to less than 3.5 mg/kg/day in long-surviving, stable graft recipients should reduce tumour risk without imperilling function. Late conversion from the A to the C regime should be avoided where possible and CSA doses in this situation kept to a minimum.
McGeown
M G
MG
Department of Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Douglas
J F
JF
Middleton
D
D
D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001379:Azathioprine