title: Bracketing wires for preoperative breast needle localization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of bracketing wire placement during preoperative breast needle localization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined mammograms of 1057 consecutive lesions that had preoperative needle localization and surgical excision and classified the lesions according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) final assessment categories. Bracketing wires, defined as multiple wires placed to delineate the boundaries of a single lesion, were used in 103 (9.7%) of 1057 lesions. Medical records, imaging studies, and histologic findings in these 103 lesions were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 103 bracketed lesions, median lesion size was 3.5 cm (range, 1.5-9.5 cm). Ninety-three lesions (90.3%) contained calcifications; 65 lesions (63.1%) were BI-RADS category 5 (highly suggestive of malignancy); and 33 lesions (32.0%) were percutaneously proven cancers. The median number of wires placed was two (range, 2-5). Surgical histologic findings were carcinoma in 75 lesions (72.8%), atypical hyperplasia in eight lesions (7.8%), and benign in 20 lesions (19.4%). Of 42 calcific lesions that were bracketed and had postoperative mammograms available for review, complete removal of suspicious calcifications was accomplished in 34 (81.0%). Of 75 cancers that were bracketed, clear histologic margins of resection were obtained in 33 (44.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bracketing wires were used during preoperative needle localization primarily for larger calcific lesions that were proven cancers or were highly suggestive of malignancy (BI-RADS category 5). Bracketing wires may assist the surgeon in achieving complete excision of calcifications, but bracketing wires do not ensure clear histologic margins of resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Section, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Van Zee
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: LaTrenta
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dershaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008327:Mammography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies