title: Expression of matrix metalloprotease and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease genes in human anterior cruciate ligament.
abstract: Women are more susceptible to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than men performing similar athletic activities. Because tissue remodeling may affect ligament strength, we assessed expression of tissue remodeling effector genes in the human ACL. Specifically, we surveyed ACL for RNAs encoding all known matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These experiments revealed that mRNAs encoding nine of sixteen MMPs and all four TIMPs are present in the normal ACL. The nine expressed proteases were MMPs 1-3, 7, 9, 11, 14, and 17 (collagenase 1, gelatinase A, stromelysin 1, matrilysin, gelatinase B, stromelysin 3, and membrane types 1 and 4, respectively), and MMP-18. Genes for MMPs 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16 appeared not to be expressed in ACL, as their mRNAs were not detected using RT-PCR conditions that did yield positive signals from other tissues (testis or bone). We conclude that numerous genes encoding tissue remodeling effector proteins are expressedin the human ACL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech. University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Foos
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hickox
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Slauterbeck
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012737:Sex Factors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases