Effects of palm oil and dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins: results from a dietary crossover trial in free-living subjects.
OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of palm oil (PO) and egg consumption (E) on plasma lipoproteins.


METHODS
Randomized crossover trial.


METHODS
Free-living subjects.


METHODS
Twenty-eight healthy male students aged 20-34 y.


METHODS
Four typical Colombian diets (10 878 kJ/day; 57% energy in carbohydrates, 12% energy in proteins and 31% energy in fats) were consumed for 4 weeks. The HPOLC diet was high in PO (8.8% energy as palmitic acid, PA) and low in eggs (181.2 mg/kJ of dietary cholesterol, DC); the HPOHC diet was high in PO and high in eggs (866.1 mg/kJ of DC); the MPOMC diet was moderate in PO (6.3% energy as PA) and moderate in eggs (581.6 mg/kJ of DC); and the LOPOMC diet had no PO and was moderate in eggs (543.9 mg/kJ of DC).


RESULTS
Total (TC), low density (LDL-c), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triacylglycerols (TAG) were measured on a pool of three fasting blood samples collected in consecutive days the last week of each diet.


RESULTS
Comparison of the HPOHC and HPOLC diets showed increases in TC and LDL-c of 0.21 (P=0.01), and 0.16 mmol/l (P=0.05). Comparison of LOPOMC and MPOMC diets showed increases in TC and LDL-c of 0.39 (P<0.001), and 0.38 mmol/l (P<0.001), respectively. No significant changes in HDL-c or TAG were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that non-extreme short-term changes in PO and DC consumption lead to significant elevations in plasma TC and LDL-c.


BACKGROUND
CENIPALMA, Fundación Cardiovascular del Oriente Colombiano, Universidad Industrial de Santander.
Bautista
L E
LE
Instituto Colombiano de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucanamanga, Columbia. lbautista@usuhs.mil
Herrán
O F
OF
Serrano
C
C
D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D000073878:Palm Oil