title: Insulin resistance syndrome predicts coronary heart disease events in elderly type 2 diabetic men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether cardiovascular risk factors cluster with hyperinsulinemia in elderly type 2 diabetic subjects and, if so, whether this clustering predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) events during a 7-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed by factor analysis. Cox regression models were used to investigate whether these clusters (factors) predict CHD events (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) during a 7-year follow-up in 229 type 2 diabetic subjects aged 65-74 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 70 CHD events (21 in men and 49 in women) during the follow-up period. In diabetic men, components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) loaded on Factor 1 (the insulin resistance factor), which reflected high fasting insulin, obesity (high BMI), central obesity (high waist-to-hip ratio), high total triglycerides, and a short duration of diabetes. Only this IRS factor predicted CHD events in multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71, 95% CI 1.08-2.71, P = 0.022). In diabetic women, components of IRS loaded on two factors, none of which predicted CHD events. In women, only Factor 4, characterized by advanced age, left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram, high alcohol consumption, high systolic blood pressure, and albuminuria, predicted CHD events in multivariate Cox regression analysis (1.34, 1.03-1.74, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IRS is a risk factor for CHD in elderly type 2 diabetic men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuusisto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lempiäinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mykkänen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D002784:Cholesterol