title: A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with moderate to severe AD (standardized Mini-Mental State Examination [sMMSE] scores of 5 to 17; Functional Assessment Staging score < or =6 at baseline).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred ninety patients were randomized to treatment in this 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients received either donepezil 5 mg/day for the first 28 days and 10 mg/day thereafter as per the clinician's judgment (n = 144) or placebo (n = 146). The primary outcome measure was the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change with caregiver input (CIBIC+).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' mean age was 73.6 years (range 48 to 92 years). Baseline demographics were similar between the treatment groups. Least squares (LS) mean +/- SE sMMSE scores at baseline were 11.7 +/- 0.35 for the donepezil group and 12.0 +/- 0.34 for the placebo group. Patients receiving donepezil showed benefits on the CIBIC+, compared with placebo, at all visits up to week 24 (p < 0.001) and at week 24 last observation carried forward (LOCF) (p < 0.0001). All other secondary measures (including sMMSE, Severe Impairment Battery, Disability Assessment for Dementia, Functional Rating Scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory) showed significant differences between the groups in favor of donepezil at week 24 LOCF. Eighty-four percent of donepezil- and 86% of placebo-treated patients completed the trial. Adverse events (AE) were experienced by 83% of donepezil- and 80% of placebo-treated patients, the majority of which were rated mild in severity; 8% of donepezil- and 6% of placebo-treated patients discontinued because of AE. Laboratory and vital sign abnormalities were similar between the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that donepezil's benefits extend into more advanced stages of AD than those previously investigated, with very good tolerability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, UBC Hospital, Clinic for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Vancouver, BC, Canada. hfeldman@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vellas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Subbiah
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whalen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D000077265:Donepezil; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil