Effects of stress factors, bioregulators, and synthetic precursors on indole alkaloid production in compact callus clusters cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
Compact callus cluster (CCC) cultures established from Catharanthus roseus consist of cohesive callus aggregates displaying certain levels of cellular or tissue differentiation. CCC cultures synthesize about two-fold more indole alkaloids than normal dispersed-cell cultures. Our studies here show that additions of KCl, mannitol, and a variety of synthetic precursors and bioregulators to the CCC cultures markedly improved indole alkaloid production and release of these alkaloids into the medium. Treatment with 250 mM mannitol and 4 g/l KCl yielded 42.3 mg l(-1) and 33.6 mg l(-1)of ajmalicine, respectively; these amounts were about four-fold higher than the control. Succinic acid, tryptamine, and tryptophan feedings also significantly increased ajmalicine (41.5 mg l(-1), 36.9 mg l(-1), and 31.8 mg l(-1), respectively) and catharanthine (21.1 mg l(-1), 17.2 mg l(-1), and 18 mg l(-1), respectively) production by the CCC cultures, while geraniol feeding inhibited biomass and alkaloid accumulation. We also found that tetramethyl ammonium bromide could significantly improve ajmalicine production (49.3 mg l(-1)) and catharanthine production (18.3 mg l(-1)) in C. roseus CCC cultures. The mechanisms responsible for these treatment effects are discussed herein.
Zhao
J
J
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing. jianzhao@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Hu
Q
Q
Guo
Y Q
YQ
Zhu
W H
WH
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018533:Biomass; D030008:Catharanthus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids / Q000378:metabolism; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014363:Tryptamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000494:pharmacology; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000470:Alkaloids; D003470:Culture Media; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; D013729:Terpenes; D014363:Tryptamines; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; D015016:Yohimbine; D008353:Mannitol; C030820:tryptamine; D010649:Phenylalanine; C005709:raubasine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D014364:Tryptophan; D019802:Succinic Acid; C009244:serpentine (alkaloid); C027917:tetramethylammonium; C007836:geraniol; C017836:catharanthine; D010634:Phenobarbital