title: Effectiveness of acupuncture for stroke: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acupuncture has been suggested as a treatment for stroke rehabilitation, but the question whether it is effective has not been answered satisfactorily.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarise and critically review all randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment for stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four independent computerised literature searches (in MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Embase, and CISCOM data bases) were conducted in June 1999. All randomised-controlled trials that compared any form of needle insertion acupuncture to any form of non-acupuncture control intervention in the treatment of human stroke patients were included. Data were extracted independently by two authors and arbitrated by a third. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine randomised controlled trials with a total sample size of 538 patients were included. Two studies were assessor blind, one was subject blind, and one was assessor and subject blind. Two studies exclusively used manual acupuncture, five only electroacupuncture, and two used both. Outcome measures used were Scandinavian Stroke Scale, Chinese Stroke Scale or Recovery Scale, Barthel index, Nottingham Health Profile, Motor function, balance, and days in hospital. Of the nine studies, six yielded a positive result suggesting that acupuncture is effective, and three produced a negative finding implying that acupuncture is not superior to control treatment. Only two studies obtained a Jadad score of more than 3. These methodologically best trials showed no significant effect of acupuncture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the evidence of rigorous randomised controlled trials, there is no compelling evidence to show that acupuncture is effective in stroke rehabilitation. Further, better-designed studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Complementary Medicine, School of Postgraduate Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, UK. J.B.Park@exeter.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hopwood
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome