title: A clinical review of granulosa cell tumours of the ovary cases in KKH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulosa cell tumour (GCT) represents the largest group of sex-cord stromal tumours and comprises 1.5-3% of ovarian malignancy. The aim is to determine the incidence of the disease, study the profile of local patients, and assess the use of imaging studies in the diagnosis of the tumour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical records of 19 patients diagnosed with GCT between October 1988 and July 1997 in Kandang Kerbau Hospital (KKH) were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCT accounts for 3.5% of ovarian malignancy (54 out of 1552) in Singapore, of which 94.7% are adult GCT. In our study, patients are mainly peri/postmenopausal women (63.2%) in their 50s who experience post-menopausal bleeding. There is a high incidence of association with endometrial hyperplasia (40%). Ultrasound scans are able to predict the size and involvement of the tumour rather accurately. In our study sample, 13 patients (68.4%) presented with Stage 1 of the disease, none with Stage 2, 1 with Stage 3 (5.3%) and none with Stage 4. The other 5 patients (26.3%) were unstaged. Only one patient required adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The local data with regards to GCT is congruent with those found in foreign literature. However, in our study, there were no patients with recurrence whereas GCTs are known to be late recurring in up to 20% of patients 10-20 years after diagnosis. This is probably attributed to the relatively short period of follow-up in this study. Thus, despite the fact that there is no evidence of recurrence of disease in our current study, we still recommend a vigilant follow-up protocol on all patients as literature has proven that with early detection of recurrences, it is possible to achieve complete cure.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Obstetrics & Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim-Tan
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia; D005260:Female; D006106:Granulosa Cell Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D014463:Ultrasonography