title: Treatment of focal hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A: long-term follow-up in 61 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The blocking action of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on cholinergically innervated sweat glands has been used successfully to treat patients with focal hyperhidrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of intradermal injections of BTX-A.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an open-label study in 61 patients treated over a period of 3 years for axillary or palmar hyperhidrosis. A total dose of 400 mU BTX-A (Dysport) was injected into both axillae or 460 mU BTX-A (Dysport) into both palms. The injections were repeated after relapse. Objective quantification of sweat production was performed using digitized ninhydrin-stained sheets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four weeks after BTX-A treatment the median reduction in sweat production was 71% compared with baseline (P < 0.001) in the axillary group and 42% (P = 0.005) in the palmar group. Subjective assessment of sweat production by the patients using a visual analogue scale (0, no sweating; 100, the most severe sweating) showed a significant reduction in both the axillary (P < 0.001) and palmar groups (P < 0.001). Secondary disturbances due to focal hyperhidrosis interfering with daily activities were markedly improved in both groups. The median time interval between the sets of injections was 34 weeks for axillary hyperhidrosis and 25 weeks for palmar hyperhidrosis. The treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis was complicated by transient but not disabling weakness of the small hand muscles in nine of 21 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated intradermal injections of BTX-A in patients with axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis are as effective as first treatments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Peter.Schnider@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schnider
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moraru
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Voller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Auff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009555:Ninhydrin; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D009555:Ninhydrin