title: The multiple untranslated first exons system of the human estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) gene.
abstract: In order to investigate the regulatory mechanism of the expression of the human estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) gene, we have analyzed the structure of the 5'-untranslated region of the ER beta mRNA in the normal uterine endometrium and liver using the 5'-rapid amplification of the cDNA ends method. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of the two isoforms of the ER beta mRNA containing the distinct 5'-untranslated regions. The genomic analysis revealed that the two isoforms of the message originated from the two distinct untranslated first exons, termed the exon 0K and exon 0N, which were spliced to the exon 1. We termed the two isoforms of the message the ER beta mRNA (0K-1) and ER beta mRNA (0N-1). We further analyzed the distribution of the ER beta mRNA (0K-1) and ER beta mRNA (0N-1) in the ejaculated spermatozoa, liver, uterine endometrium and myometrium, and peripheral leukocytes using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The distributions of the two mRNA isoforms were different from each other. From these results, it is indicated for the first time that the expression of the human estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) gene is regulated, at least in part, by the multiple untranslated first exons and promoters system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamanashi Medical University, Shimokato 1110, Tamaho, Nakakoma, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan. shirata@res.yamanashi-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshi
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen