title: Frequency of nonspecific clinical signs in dogs with separation anxiety, thunderstorm phobia, and noise phobia, alone or in combination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of nonspecific clinical signs in dogs with separation anxiety, thunderstorm phobia, noise phobia, or any combination of these conditions and determine whether these conditions are associated in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  141 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnoses were established using specific criteria. Owners of dogs completed a questionnaire on how frequently their dogs exhibited destructive behavior, urination, defecation, vocalization, and salivation when the owners were absent and the types and frequency of reactions to thunderstorms, fireworks, and other noises.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Associations of the 3 conditions and of various nonspecific clinical signs within and between diagnoses were nonrandom. The probability that a dog would have separation anxiety given that it had noise phobia was high (0.88) and approximately the same as the probability it would have separation anxiety given that it had thunderstorm phobia (0.86). However, the probability that a dog would have noise phobia given that it had separation anxiety (0.63) was higher than the probability that it would have thunderstorm phobia given that it had separation anxiety (0.52). The probability that a dog would have noise phobia given that it had thunderstorm phobia (0.90) was not equivalent to the converse (0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that dogs with any of these conditions should be screened for the others. Interactions among these conditions are important in the assessment and treatment of dogs with > 1 of these conditions. Responses to noise were different from those to thunderstorms, possibly because of the unpredictability and uncertainty of thunderstorms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Overall
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dunham
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003625:Data Collection; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004285:Dogs; D009622:Noise; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires