title: Measurement of body fat using leg to leg bioimpedance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To validate a leg to leg bioimpedance analysis (BIA) device in the measurement of body composition in children by assessment of its agreement with dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) and its repeatability. (2) To establish a reference range of percentage body fat in Hong Kong Chinese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential BIA and DXA methods were used to determine body composition in 49 children aged 7-18 years; agreement between the two methods was calculated. Repeatability for the BIA method was established from duplicate measurements. Body composition was then determined by BIA in 1139 girls and 1243 boys aged 7-16 years, who were randomly sampled in eight local primary and secondary schools to establish reference ranges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 95% limits of agreement between BIA and DXA methods were considered acceptable (-3.3 kg to -0.5 kg fat mass and -3.9 to 0.6% body fat). The percentage body fat increased with increasing age. Compared to the 1993 Hong Kong growth survey, these children had higher body mass index. Mean (SD) percentage body fat at 7 years of age was 17.2% (4.4%) and 14.0% (3.4%) respectively for boys and girls, which increased to 19.3% (4.8%) and 27.8% (6.3%) at age 16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leg to leg BIA is a valid alternative method to DXA for the measurement of body fat. Provisional reference ranges for percentage body fat for Hong Kong Chinese children aged 7-16 years are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong. yntzsung@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors