title: First-episode psychosis in the military: a comparative study of prodromal symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to provide a retrospective description of prodromal symptoms of young military servicemen with first-episode psychosis, and a comparison with first-episode non-psychotic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty consecutive servicemen presenting with first-episode psychosis were studied. Thirty-four randomly selected servicemen from 123 with non-psychotic disorders served as comparison. A combination of unstructured and semistructured interviews with the patient and other informants was used to describe the prodromal symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common prodromal psychotic symptoms were social withdrawal (83%); anxiety (77%); sleep disturbance (77%); disturbance in attention, concentration or memory (73%); deterioration in studies in school (70%); depressed mood (63%); odd behaviour (53%); and anger or irritability (53%). Common symptoms found in first-episode psychosis and non-psychotic patients included sleep disturbance, anxiety, depressed mood and anger or irritability. Common symptoms that were associated with the psychotic prodrome were social withdrawal (p < 0.001), deterioration in school results (p < 0.001) and disturbance in attention, concentration or memory (p < 0.001). The psychotic prodrome was also associated with apathy (p < 0.001), odd behaviour (p < 0.001), doing nothing (p = 0.004) and thought blocking (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive disturbances and attenuated negative symptoms appear to be more specific to the psychotic prodrome in young patients with first-episode psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Psychological Care Centre, Medicine Institute, HQ SAF Medical Corps, Singapore.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Ang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012918:Social Alienation