title: Effect of respiratory CO(2) changes on the temporal dynamics of the hemodynamic response in functional MR imaging.
abstract: Increasing end-expiratory CO(2) levels (PETCO(2)) increases the dispersion and the time of maximum of the hemodynamic response curve in human primary visual cortex. This was demonstrated using event-related multislice functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with short repetition time and 3-s flicker light stimulation. Measurements were performed at 5 different PETCO(2) levels between 20 and 60 mmHg using hyperventilation or by adding CO(2) to the inspired air. Between 30 and 60 mmHg the full-width-at-half-maximum of the hemodynamic response curve induced by visual stimulation increased nearly linearly at 130 ms per mmHg PETCO(2). Consistent with previous studies a concomitant decrease of the signal amplitude was observed at PETCO(2) values below 40 mmHg and above 50 mmHg. The relevance of these findings for the temporal resolution of fMRI and especially of event-related methods is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Research Center Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kemna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Posse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010313:Partial Pressure; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012119:Respiration; D013997:Time Factors; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide