title: Fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with approximal cavities after restoration with different post and core systems: an in-vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated crowned maxillary incisors with approximal class III cavities and different core build-ups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four caries free human maxillary central incisors were selected for standardized size and quality, endodontically treated and prepared with approximal cavities 3mm in diameter. Group 1 was restored with titanium posts, group 2 received zirconia posts, in group 3 the root canal was partially filled with a hybrid composite. In the control group, only the access opening was restored. All teeth were prepared for and restored with full cast metal alloy crowns and subsequently exposed to 1.2 million cycles in a computer-controlled chewing simulator with simultaneous thermocycling. In addition, the samples were loaded until fracture in a static testing device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One specimen with composite reinforced root canal did not survive the dynamic load test. The following median fracture strengths in Newtons for the different groups were: titanium post 1038, zirconia 1057, composite resin 750, control (no post) 1171. The fracture load in group 3 (composite resin) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reconstruction of endodontically treated single rooted teeth with approximal cavities can be successfully performed by closure of the endodontic and additional cavities with composite. Cementation of endodontic posts offers comparable but no advantageous fracture resistance. Enlargement of the root canal space after completion of endodontic treatment should be avoided and cannot be compensated for by injection of composite resin. Less catastrophic failures were observed without post reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA. heydecke@umich.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heydecke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Butz
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Strub
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008437:Maxilla; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000209:etiology*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide