title: Hepatitis delta virus minimal substrates competent for editing by ADAR1 and ADAR2.
abstract: A host-mediated RNA-editing event allows hepatitis delta virus (HDV) to express two essential proteins, the small delta antigen (HDAg-S) and the large delta antigen (HDAg-L), from a single open reading frame. One or several members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA) family are thought to convert the adenosine to an inosine (I) within the HDAg-S amber codon in antigenomic RNA. As a consequence of replication, the UIG codon is converted to a UGG (tryptophan [W]) codon in the resulting HDAg-L message. Here, we used a novel reporter system to monitor the editing of the HDV amber/W site in the absence of replication. In cultured cells, we observed that both human ADAR1 (hADAR1) and hADAR2 were capable of editing the amber/W site with comparable efficiencies. We also defined the minimal HDV substrate required for hADAR1- and hADAR2-mediated editing. Only 24 nucleotides from the amber/W site were sufficient to enable efficient editing by hADAR1. Hence, the HDV amber/W site represents the smallest ADAR substrate yet identified. In contrast, the minimal substrate competent for hADAR2-mediated editing contained 66 nucleotides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lazinski
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018963:Hepatitis Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D035923:Hepatitis delta Antigens; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017393:RNA Editing; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D018963:Hepatitis Antigens; D035923:Hepatitis delta Antigens; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C442244:hepatitis delta virus large antigen; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase