title: Therapeutic potential of 4-1BB (CD137) as a regulator for effector CD8(+) T cells.
abstract: A fundamental problem of antitumor immunity is tumor-induced immunosuppression. Tumor cells often down-regulate expression of co-stimulatory molecules, tumor antigens, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on tumor cells, secrete immunosuppressive substance such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or interleukin-4 (IL-4), and induce apoptosis of effector T cells to escape surveillance. A major goal of antitumor or antivirus immunotherapy is to generate long-lived protective T cells that enable killing of target cells. In this review, we discuss the importance of 4-1BB for development or survival of functionally active effector CD8(+) T cells against tumors, virus infection, and allogeneic immune responses and for potential therapeutic application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Broxmeyer
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505714:TNFRSF9 protein, human; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9