title: Immunohistochemical studies on the distribution of nerve fibers in the human prostate with special reference to the anterior fibromuscular stroma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the anterior fibromuscular stroma (AFMS) comprises up to one third of the total bulk of the prostate, its physiological function remains unknown. We recently reported the possible contribution of the AFMS to micturition. The aim of this study is to reveal the differences in the distribution of innervation between the AFMS and the other regions of the prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed immunohistochemical stainings using antibodies such as protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Morphometric analysis was made to examine the density of peripheral nerve fibers containing PGP 9.5, TH, NPY, and VIP by using a computer-assisted imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers and the smooth muscle in the AFMS decreased from the base to the apex of the prostate. TH-IR nerve fibers were more abundant in the AFMS than in the transition zone. NPY- and VIP-IR nerve fibers were less numerous in the AFMS than in the peripheral zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to demonstrate that the AFMS has peculiar neuronal innervation. We observed significantly different innervation in the AFMS compared with the other regions of the prostate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan. tiwata@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000294:innervation*; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D011467:Prostate / Q000294:innervation*; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase