title: The T cell regulator gene SH2D2A contributes to the genetic susceptibility of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: The T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd) encoded by the SH2D2A gene is involved in the control of T cell activation. The gene is located in the 1q21 region, which has been implicated in susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the mouse. We therefore evaluated whether a polymorphic GA repeat (GA(13)-GA(33)) within the promoter region of the SH2D2A gene shows association to multiple sclerosis (MS). The frequency of the short alleles GA(13-16) was increased among 313 Norwegian MS patients compared to 277 healthy controls (0.332 vs 0.249, OR 1.5, Pc = 0.03). Transmission disequilibrium analysis in 146 Scandinavian families with at least two affected sibs showed increased transmission of GA(16) to MS patients. No linkage or association of MS to four genetic markers flanking the SH2D2A gene was observed. After activation of naive CD4(+) T cells, T cells homozygous for MS associated short alleles displayed lower level of TSAd ex vivo than T cells carrying at least one long allele, which were not associated to MS. Since the SH2D2A protein modulates T cell activation, this may be a mechanism for how short SH2D2A alleles confer susceptibility to develop MS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, The National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: K Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Harbo
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Celius
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oturai
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svejgaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hillert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fredrikson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandberg-Wollheim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Myhr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nyland
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vartdal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spurkland
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C405691:SH2D2A protein, human; C104112:4-sulfobenzaldehyde dehydrogenase; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase