title: Ketotifen in treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present in vivo study evaluates the potential use of ketotifen, a tricyclic antihistaminic drug, in treatment of Sudanese patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (19-38 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of patients (each has 15) were randomly selected and treated by chloroquine (25mg/kg wt) in comparison with regimen combinations of ketotifen (0.13 mg/kg body wt) with chloroquine, ketotifen with Fansidar (33.3mg/kg body wt) and ketotifen with both chloroquine and Fansidar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to treatment all patients had a parasite density that varied from 1 x 10(3)-3.46 x 10(4)/mL blood. On day 2, the highest level of parasitaemia was recorded in patients treated with chloroquine only. Other patients had a significantly lower parasitaemia (P<0.05) with an average range of 111-243 parasites/300 leucocytes. On day 3 no parasites were detected in groups treated by ketotifen and Fansidar or by ketotifen in combination with Fansidar and chloroquine. The mean time of parasite clearance was minimum (<32 h) amongst patients that had chloroquine administered with ketotifen alone or with both Fansidar and ketotifen. The cumulative percentage of cases with recrudescence was >39% in groups that had the chloroquine regimen alone or the combination of chloroquine with ketotifen. A single case of recrudescence was also diagnosed on day 28 in the group treated with ketotifen plus fansidar but no recrudescence occurred in the group treated with the combination of the three drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates the possible role of ketotifen in treatment for falciparum malaria particularly when administered in combination with chloroquine and fansidar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan. adilmahgoub@ hotmail.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Elhag
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mustafa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007665:Ketotifen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D012008:Recurrence; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013397:Sudan; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D002738:Chloroquine; D007665:Ketotifen