title: Hormone replacement therapy and longitudinal changes in blood pressure in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of hypertension in postmenopausal women exceeds that in age-matched men. Longitudinal studies relating hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to blood pressure changes are sparse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between HRT and longitudinal changes in blood pressure in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  226 healthy, normotensive postmenopausal women from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with a mean (+/-SD) age of 64 +/- 10 years were followed for 5.7 +/- 5.3 years. Seventy-seven women used both estrogen and progestin, and 149 used neither.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lifestyle variables, blood pressure, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were measured at baseline and approximately every 2 years thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure at baseline was similar in HRT users and nonusers (133.9 +/- 16.0 mm Hg vs. 132.4 +/- 14.8 mm Hg). Over time, average systolic blood pressure increased less in HRT users than nonusers, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and alcohol use. For example, HRT users who were 55 years of age at their first Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging visit experienced a 7.6-mm Hg average increase in systolic blood pressure over 10 years; in contrast, the average increase in nonusers was 18.7 mm Hg. The lesser increase in systolic blood pressure in HRT users was more evident at older age. Diastolic blood pressure, which did not change statistically over time in either group, was not associated with HRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmenopausal women taking HRT have a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure over time than those not taking HRT. This difference is intensified at older ages.
authors.affiliation: U.O. Geriatria, INRCA, via Cassia 1167, 00189 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scuteri
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lakatta
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fleg
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins