title: Antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of Terminalia avicennoides roots.
abstract: The antidiarrhoeal effects of the aqueous root extract of Terminalia avicennoides were evaluated in rodents. Studies were carried out on the isolated rabbit jejunum, gastrointestinal motility in vivo and on castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The results revealed that the extract exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of the spontaneous pendular movement of the isolated rabbit jejunum and attenuated acetylcholine induced contractions. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) also caused a dose-dependent decrease of gastrointestinal transit and markedly protected mice against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The intraperitoneal LD(50) of the extract was found to be 871.4-917.4 mg/kg in mice (95% confidence). A preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of T. avicennoides roots revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. The results obtained showed that the water extract of T. avicennoides roots may contain some biologically active principles that may be active against diarrhoea and this may be the basis for its use traditionally for gastrointestinal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Science Education Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Abdullahi
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Agho
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Gamaniel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wambebe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002368:Castor Oil; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011817:Rabbits; D019685:Rosales
chemical_list: D000930:Antidiarrheals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002368:Castor Oil