title: Active site labeling of the gentamicin resistance enzyme AAC(6')-APH(2") by the lipid kinase inhibitor wortmannin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance is largely the result of the production of enzymes that covalently modify the drugs including kinases (APHs) with structural and functional similarity to protein and lipid kinases. One of the most important aminoglycoside resistance enzymes is AAC(6')-APH(2"), a bifunctional enzyme with both aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and kinase activities. Knowledge of enzyme active site structure is important in deciphering the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance and here we explored active site labeling techniques to study AAC(6')-APH(2") structure and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AAC(6')-APH(2") was irreversibly inactivated by wortmannin, a potent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, through the covalent modification of a conserved lysine in the ATP binding pocket. 5'-[p-(Fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine, an electrophilic ATP analogue and known inactivator of other APH enzymes such as APH(3')-IIIa, did not inactivate AAC(6')-APH(2"), and reciprocally, wortmannin did not inactivate APH(3')-IIIa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These distinct active site label sensitivities point to important differences in aminoglycoside kinase active site structures and suggest that design of broad range, ATP binding site-directed inhibitors against APHs will be difficult. Nonetheless, given the sensitivity of APH enzymes to both protein and lipid kinase inhibitors, potent lead inhibitors of this important resistance enzyme are likely to be found among the libraries of compounds directed against other pharmacologically important kinases.
authors.affiliation: Antimicrobial Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Boehr
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005839:Gentamicins; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C108453:6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-2''-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D019868:Kanamycin Kinase; D008239:Lysine; D000077191:Wortmannin