title: [Relationship between glycoxidation and cytokines in the vitreous of eyes with diabetic retinopathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the correlations among pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product, and related cytokines [vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), transforming growth factor(TGF)-beta 2, and monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1], and active oxygen in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous samples from 43 eyes undergoing vitrectomy to treat DR were divided into four subgroups and analyzed. Vitreous samples from 21 eyes of patients with no systemic conditions were age- and sex-matched controls. The vitreous levels of pentosidine, cytokines, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and titanium-hydrogen peroxide colorimetric method respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of pentosidine, VEGF, total TGF-beta 2, and MCP-1 in the vitreous samples of eyes with DR were significantly higher than in the controls(p < 0.01). Significant correlation(p < 0.01) was found between pentosidine and VEGF, pentosidine and H2O2, H2O2 and VEGF, and total TGF-beta 2 and MCP-1(r = 0.62, 0.58, 0.65, and 0.59, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the elevated levels of the glycoxidation product pentosidine may have caused increased levels of VEGF in the vitreous of DR patients. Increased levels of total TGF-beta 2 and MCP-1 together may also play an important role in the development of DR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya 343-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogata
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D001120:Arginine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine