title: Suppressive effects of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 on the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by titanium-alloy particles.
abstract: We investigated the effects of two anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, on the production of two proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-6, induced by titanium-alloy (Ti6Al4V) particles. Human monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of six healthy donors were cultured and exposed to retrieved titanium-alloy particles, together with IL-4 or IL-10. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that both IL-4 and IL-10 significantly reduced the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6. The level of TNF-alpha decreased by 74% with IL-4 and 56% with IL-10. The level of IL-6 decreased by 55% with IL-4 and by 66% with IL-10. IL-4 had more consistent suppressive effect on TNF-alpha production. The results from this study provide in vitro evidence of the possible utility of IL-4 and IL-10 in suppression of particle-induced activation of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hallym University Hospital, 153 Kyo-Dong, Chunchon 200-060, Korea. imgunil@hanmail.net
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D014025:Titanium