title: Content of phylloquinone and menaquinone in the tissues of mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus fed diets containing different forms of vitamin K.
abstract: The contents of vitamin K in the plasma and tissues (kidney, liver and gonad) of mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus fed diets supplemented with different vitamin K groups were determined. The vitamin K mainly detected in the gastrointestinal tract of each experimental group was the one supplemented in the respective diet, and all other forms of vitamin K were observed at low concentrations. This implies that the main vitamin K source for mummichog is their food. Further evidence that the main vitamin K source is the food is that the elevation of vitamin K concentrations in the plasma and other tissues in this experiment was brought about by vitamin K added to the feed. The phylloquinone-rich diet raised the phylloquinone concentration in the plasma and the tissues much higher than the diets supplemented with short and/or long chain menaquinones. This indicates that phylloquinone is more easily accumulated into the body of fish than the menaquinone homologues. There were apparent differences in absorption and deposition of vitamin K between females and males. This may be a factor in the high mortality in male mummichog during the spawning season but further clarification of the causes of the mortality is required.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murai
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D023781:Fundulidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D006066:Gonads / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D024482:Vitamin K 2; D010837:Vitamin K 1