title: Relation between Gd-DTPA contrast enhancement and regional inotropic response in the periphery and center of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI identifies patterns of early hypoenhancement and delayed hyperenhancement in acute myocardial infarction, but their clinical significance for the prediction of myocardial viability remains controversial. Therefore, we closely examined the relationship between these CE patterns and regional inotropic response to low-dose dobutamine infusion at a regional level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen dogs underwent CE and tagged MRI at rest and during 5 microg. kg(-1). min(-1) dobutamine 48 hours after MI. CE patterns and 3D regional strains were measured in 96 segments per animal. Segments were categorized as being normofunctional (n=828) if resting circumferential shortening was within the range of remote myocardium, or dysfunctional (n=420) if not. Inotropic response in resting dysfunctional segments was assessed according to CE patterns. Significant improvement of radial thickening (from +12+/-1% [mean+/-SEM] to +22+/-2%, P<0.05) and circumferential shortening (from +1+/-1% to -5+/-1%, P<0.05) strains occurred in dysfunctional myocardium with normal CE pattern but not in myocardium with early hypoenhancement. Delayed hyperenhanced myocardium displayed a more complex behavior. Circumferential stretching improved in the peripheral regions (from +4+/-1% to -2+/-2%, P<0.05), where the infarct was nontransmural (38+/-3% transmurality), but not in centrally hyperenhanced regions (from +4+/-1% to +1+/-1% P=NS), where the infarct was 66+/-3% transmural.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inotropic reserve was confined to dysfunctional myocardium with normal contrast enhancement but not to myocardium with early hypoenhancement. Inotropic response in delayed hyperenhanced myocardium is influenced by transmurality of necrosis. These observations support the use of CE MRI for the clinical detection of myocardial viability.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rochitte
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Melin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crosille
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003287:Contrast Media; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D004280:Dobutamine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA