title: Melatonin enhances Th2 cell mediated immune responses: lack of sensitivity to reversal by naltrexone or benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.
abstract: Chronic administration of melatonin for 5 days to antigen-primed mice increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 but decreased the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. These results further confirm that melatonin activates Th2-like immune response. Whether melatonin-mediated Th2 response is dependent on opioid or central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors was also examined. Hence, melatonin was administered to antigen-sensitised mice with either naltrexone (a mu opioid receptor antagonist) or flumazenil (a central benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) or PK11195 (a peripheral benzoidiazepine receptor antagonist). No significant difference in melatonin-induced Th2 cell response was observed by naltrexone, flumazenil or PK11195 treatment. These findings suggest that the Th2 cell response induced by melatonin in antigen sensitised mice neither dependent on endogenous opioid system nor is modulated through the central or peripheral benzodiazepine receptors.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raghavendra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Agrewala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D006825:Hybridomas; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D018373:Peripheral Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018373:Peripheral Nervous System Agents; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D005442:Flumazenil; D009271:Naltrexone; D010047:Ovalbumin; D008550:Melatonin; C037850:PK 11195