title: Inhibition of gastric emptying by acarbose is correlated with GLP-1 response and accompanied by CCK release.
abstract: We investigated the effect of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitor, on gastric emptying of solid meals of varying nutrient composition and plasma responses of gut hormones. Gastric emptying was determined with scintigraphy in healthy subjects, and all studies were performed with and without 100 mg of acarbose, in random order, at least 1 wk apart. Acarbose did not alter the emptying of a carbohydrate-free meal, but it delayed emptying of a mixed meal and a carbohydrate-free meal given 2 h after sucrose ingestion. In meal groups with carbohydrates, acarbose attenuated responses of plasma insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) while augmenting responses of CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY). With mixed meal + acarbose, area under the curve (AUC) of gastric emptying was positively correlated with integrated plasma response of GLP-1 (r = 0.68, P < 0.02). With the carbohydrate-free meal after sucrose and acarbose ingestion, AUC of gastric emptying was negatively correlated with integrated plasma response of GIP, implying that prior alteration of carbohydrate absorption modifies gastric emptying of a meal. The results demonstrate that acarbose delays gastric emptying of solid meals and augments release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY mainly by retarding/inhibiting carbohydrate absorption. Augmented GLP-1 release by acarbose appears to play a major role in the inhibition of gastric emptying of a mixed meal, whereas CCK and PYY may have contributory roles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Marmara Medical School, Istanbul 81326.
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Enç
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imeryüz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turoğlu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haklar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tekeşin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bekiroğlu
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yeğen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rehfeld
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005414:Flatulence / Q000139:chemically induced; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D019894:Peptide YY; D013395:Sucrose; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D020909:Acarbose