title: Human T cell leukemia virus type I Tax enhances IL-4 gene expression in T cells.
abstract: The human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Since the HTLV-I-encoded transactivator Tax has been shown to activate many cellular genes including cytokine genes interleukin (IL-)1alpha, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 15, we ask whether Tax also affects IL-4 expression. In this study, we show that addition of recombinant Tax proteins greatly enhances IL-4 secretion in human peripheral primary T cells. Transient transfection studies showed that ectopic expression of Tax significantly enhanced IL-4 promoter activity. The IL-4 promoter contains a strong NF-IL6 (PRE-I element) and a NF-AT/NF-kappaB overlapping site (P1 element). We show that expression of Tax stimulates NF-IL6 binding to the PRE-I element and, consequently, enhances PRE-I-mediated transcriptional activity. Using Jurkat T cell lines which stably express Tax fused to the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER), we show that Tax enhances endogenous IL-4 mRNA expression and increases IL-4 promoter activity in a hormone-dependent manner. Mutation analysis revealed that the IL-4 PRE-I (NF-IL6 site) and the P1 (NF-AT/NF-kappaB site) are involved in Tax-mediated transactivation. Our studies provide the first evidence of the functional involvement of Tax in IL-4 gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. m.li-weber@dkfz-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li-Weber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giaisi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chlichlia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khazaie
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Krammer
mesh_terms: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020218:Response Elements; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015847:Interleukin-4