title: Anxiolytic activity of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with panic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preclinical evidence exists for the anxiolytic activity of atrial natriuretic peptide, which is released during lactate-induced panic attacks. Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor modulation may have antipanic activity in patients with panic disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of 150 microg of atrial natriuretic peptide and placebo on panic attacks induced by cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) (25 microg) were studied in 10 panic disorder patients. The panicogenic activity of CCK-4 was measured with the Acute Panic Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Panic attacks occurred in seven patients in the placebo condition and in two patients in the atrial natriuretic peptide condition. CCK-4 administration was accompanied by a significant increase in Acute Panic Inventory scores. Pretreatment with atrial natriuretic peptide resulted in significantly lower Acute Panic Inventory scores than pretreatment with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the antipanic activity of atrial natriuretic peptide. Nonpeptidergic atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ligands may be ultimately used to treat anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. stroehle@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ströhle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holsboer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013758:Tetragastrin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D010919:Placebos; D013758:Tetragastrin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor