title: Early results and characteristic problems associated with cardiac surgery in long-term dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze early results and characteristic problems that develop after cardiac surgery on dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fourteen patients on maintenance dialysis underwent cardiac surgery. Their mean age was 63.5 +/- 9.7 years, and 87 (76%) were male. The causes of chronic renal failure were diabetes mellitus in 41 (36%) and chronic glomerulonephritis in 40 (35%). Patients had previously been on dialysis for a mean duration of 7.8 +/- 5.6 years (range; 0.25-24 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen (12%) were emergent cases. Eighty six patients (75%) received isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and 10 patients underwent operations in which CABG was combined with other cardiac procedures. Twelve patients (14%) of the isolated CABG patient group (86 patients) were restricted to non-clamping bypass procedure due to severe calcification of the ascending aorta. Calcification score, which was represented by the sum of all involved coronary artery segments, was also significantly higher in dialysis patients than in the control group (4.5 +/- 2.4 segments vs. 1.5 +/- 2.1 segments, p < 0.05). Hospital mortality was 8.8% (10/114) overall, and 7% (6/86) in isolated CABG patients. The causes of deaths were as follows: intestinal necrosis in 3, arrhythmia in 2, cerebral infarction in 1, low output syndrome in 1, and sepsis in 3 (mediastinitis, pneumonia, and prosthetic valve infection).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term dialysis is a major risk factor in cardiac surgery. However, because the surgical results proved to be acceptable, long-term dialysis patients should not be denied cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kumamoto Central Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ura
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome