title: Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links (ICTP) and interleukin-1 levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biochemical markers harvested from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be useful to identify and predict periodontal disease progression and to monitor the response to treatment. C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links (ICTP), a host-derived breakdown product specific for bone, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1), a potent bone-resorptive cytokine, have been associated with periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on GCF levels of ICTP and IL-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five chronic periodontitis subjects were monitored at 8 sites per subject at baseline prior to scaling and root planing and 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy. Four shallow (probing depths < 4 mm) and 4 deep (probing depths > or = 5 mm) sites were monitored for both marker levels and clinical parameters. GCF was collected for 30 seconds on paper strips, and levels of ICTP and IL-1 were determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, respectively. Clinical measurements included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deep sites exhibited significantly (P<0.001) higher ICTP and IL-1 levels compared to shallow sites at all time intervals. ICTP demonstrated a stronger association to clinical parameters than IL-1 including a modest correlation (r = 0.40, P<0.001) between ICTP and attachment loss. Significant improvements in PD, CAL, and BOP were observed at 1, 3, and 6 months in all sites (P<0.01). However, non-surgical mechanical therapy did not significantly reduce ICTP and IL-1 levels over the 6-month period. Further examination of subjects based on smoking status revealed that ICTP levels were significantly reduced at 3 and 6 months and IL-1 levels reduced at 3 months among non-smokers only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single episode of non-surgical mechanical therapy did not significantly reduce biochemical markers associated with bone resorption in patients exhibiting chronic periodontitis. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to specifically evaluate the relationship between C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links and periodontal disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics/Prevention/Geriatrics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Al-Shammari
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Giannobile
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Aldredge
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Eber
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Oringer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D024042:Collagen Type I; D012534:Dental Scaling; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D003094:Collagen