title: Vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic subdural haematomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate molecular aspects of the mechanisms of expansion of chronic subdural haematomas (CSH), we examined the expression of two representative angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in CSH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We quantified VEGF and bFGF in haematoma fluid and serum of 20 patients with CSH using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean concentrations of VEGF in the haematoma fluid (10277 pg/ml) and in serum, (355 pg/ml) were much greater than those of bFGF (haematoma, 3.04 pg/ml; serum, 4.74 pg/ml). Surgical specimens, including dura and the outer membrane of the CSH were analysed by in situ hybridisation to detect VEGF mRNA. Macrophages and vascular endothelial cells in the outer membrane over expressed VEGF mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced production of VEGF by macrophages and vascular endothelial cells in the outer membrane is thought to be pathogenetically important in CSH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikezaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D020200:Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2