title: Pure ectodermal dysplasia: retrospective study of 16 cases and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the possible craniomaxillofacial deformative consequences associated with ectodermal dysplasias and embryonic malformations, which include dental ageneses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospital, Lille, France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients (seven boys and nine girls, aged 4 to 34 years) with pure ectodermal dysplasia (no ectodermal dysplasia syndromes).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had a clinical examination. Seven (two boys and five girls, aged 4 to 25 years) had undergone plaster casts and radiographic and Delaire's cephalometric studies before being treated.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had tooth ageneses (from hypodontia to anodontia), associated with cutaneous dyshidrosis and hair and nail dystrophy. Most of them had a short face, with an unusual facial concavity, a maxillary retrusion, and a relative mandibular protrusion. MANAGEMENT RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Depending on their ages and their orthopedic abnormalities, patients underwent either dental or prosthodontic, orthodontic, orthopedic, orthognathic, or implant treatment. So as not to interfere with the growth pattern, we preferred to reserve implant and orthognathic surgery for full-grown cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must undertake a comprehensive approach to these patients to improve their dental, masticatory, growing, and orthognathic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Roger Salengro University Hospital, Boulevard du Professeur Leclercq, 59037 Lille Cedex, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruhin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinot
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lafforgue
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Catteau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manouvrier-Hanu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000848:Anodontia / Q000209:etiology; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities; D003765:Models, Dental; D009065:Mouth Rehabilitation; D009264:Nails, Malformed; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011378:Prognathism / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013543:Sweat Gland Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*