title: Hip abduction-adduction strength and one-leg hop tests: test-retest reliability and relationship to function in elite ice hockey players.
abstract: METHODS
  Single group, test-retest.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine: (1) hip abduction and adduction torques during concentric and eccentric muscle actions, (2) medial and lateral one-leg hop distances, (3) the test-retest reliability of these measurements, and (4) the relationship between isokinetic measures of hip muscle strength and hop distances in elite ice hockey players.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The skating motion used in ice hockey requires strong contractions of the hip and knee musculature. However, baseline scores for hip strength and hop distances, their test-retest reliability, and measures of the extent to which these tests are related for this population are not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dominant leg of 27 men (mean age 20 +/- 3 yrs) was tested on 2 occasions. Hip abduction and adduction movements were completed at 60 degrees.s(-1) angular velocity, with the subject lying on the non-test side and the test leg moving vertically in the subject's coronal plane. One-leg hops requiring jumping from and landing on the same leg without losing balance were completed in the medial and lateral directions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hip adduction torques were significantly greater than abduction torques during both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, while no significant difference was observed between medial and lateral hop distances. Although hop test scores produced excellent ICCs (> 0.75) when determined using scores on 1 occasion, torques needed to be averaged over 2 test occasions to reach this level. Correlations between the strength and hop tests ranged from slight to low (r = -0.26 to 0.27) and were characterized by wide 95% confidence intervals (-0.54 to 0.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isokinetic tests of hip abduction and adduction did not provide a strong indication of performance during sideways hop tests. Although isokinetic tests can provide a measure of muscular strength under specific test conditions, they should not be relied upon as a primary indicator of functional abilities or readiness to return to activity.
authors.affiliation: Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kea
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forwell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Birmingham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006688:Hockey; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012107:Research Design; D013223:Statistics as Topic