title: An AAV-derived Apaf-1 dominant negative inhibitor prevents MPTP toxicity as antiapoptotic gene therapy for Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector delivery of an Apaf-1-dominant negative inhibitor was tested for its antiapoptotic effect on degenerating nigrostriatal neurons in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson's disease. The wild-type caspase recruitment domain of Apaf-1 was used as a dominant negative inhibitor of Apaf-1 (rAAV-Apaf-1-DN-EGFP). An AAV virus vector was used to deliver it into the striatum of C57 black mice, and the animals were treated with MPTP. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra was not changed on the rAAV-Apaf-1-DN-EGFP injected side compared with the noninjected side. We also examined the effect of a caspase 1 C285G mutant as a dominant negative inhibitor of caspase 1 (rAAV-caspase-1-DN-EGFP) in the same model. However, there was no difference in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons between the rAAV-caspase-1-DN-EGFP injected side and the noninjected side. These results indicate that delivery of Apaf-1-DN by using an AAV vector system can prevent nigrostriatal degeneration in MPTP mice, suggesting that it could be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with Parkinson's disease. The major mechanism of dopaminergic neuronal death triggered by MPTP seems to be the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. hideki@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimo-Nakanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamayose
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D001692:Biological Transport; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D000229:Dependovirus; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C506592:APAF1 protein, human; C506593:Apaf1 protein, mouse; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D020170:Caspase 1