title: The effects of diazepam dependence and withdrawal on morphine-induced antinociception and changes in locomotion in male and female rats.
abstract: Male and female rats were exposed for 3 weeks to diazepam (DZ)-filled or empty capsules (CTR) prior to the daily administration of morphine (MOR, 5 mg/kg, IP) for 5 days. Thereafter, capsules were removed and 48 h later MOR was injected for the next 5 days. The tail-flick latency (TFL) was measured prior to and 15, 30, and 60 min after MOR assessed analgesia. Locomotion (LOC) was determined before and 15 min after injection. Prior to MOR injection (baseline), male rats were more sensitive to the thermal stimulus and were less active than female rats. Daily MOR injections neither affected the baseline TFL nor LOC. Regardless of gender, MOR produced greater analgesia in DZ-dependent and withdrawn rats than in CTR. MOR analgesia was greater in DZ-dependent male than in female rats. Gender differences in MOR analgesia were not of statistical significance in DZ-withdrawn rats. The first dose of MOR produced more depression of LOC in DZ-dependent female than in male rats. Across the time of MOR injections, female DZ-dependent and withdrawn rats were less active than CTR. LOC increased with repeated administration of MOR in all groups of rats. In summary, DZ dependence and withdrawal enhanced MOR analgesia in rats of both sexes. Regardless of chronic treatment, MOR produced more analgesia and less depression of LOC in male than in female rats. It is suggested that a decrease in the function of the GABAergic system plays a role in alteration of MOR analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, S. Limestone and Kentucky Clinic Drive, Lexington, KY 40536-0216, USA. epwala@pop.uky.edu
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Wala
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Holtman
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D009020:Morphine; D003975:Diazepam