title: The transcription factor C/EBPbeta is essential for inducible expression of the cox-2 gene in macrophages but not in fibroblasts.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the inducible synthesis of prostaglandins, and its up-regulated activity is thought to play a pathological role in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Regulation of COX-2 expression is complex and appears to involve diversified mechanisms in different cell types and conditions. Here we make use of immortalized macrophages and fibroblasts that we have generated from C/EBPbeta-deficient mice to directly test and compare the specific role played by this factor in inducible COX-2 expression in these two cell types. We could demonstrate that COX-2 mRNA induction and promoter activity were profoundly impaired in C/EBPbeta(-/-) macrophages and could be rescued by expression of C/EBPbeta. The obligatory role of C/EBPbeta in COX-2 expression appeared to be mediated exclusively by the C/EBP element located at positions -138/-130 of the murine cox-2 promoter, and did not involve altered activity at the level of the other promoter elements described previously (the -402/-392 NF-kappaB site, the -59/-48 CRE/E box element, and a potential second C/EBP site located at positions -93/-85). In contrast, COX-2 induction was completely normal in C/EBPbeta-deficient fibroblasts, thus highlighting the diversity of cell-specific molecular mechanisms in determining inducible COX-2 expression and prostaglandins production.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gorgoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caivano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arizmendi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D017931:DNA Primers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone