title: Ketoconazole suppresses food restriction-induced increases in heroin self-administration in rats: sex differences.
abstract: The effects of ketoconazole, an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis, were examined during food satiation and food restriction in male and female rats to determine whether increases in heroin self-administration prompted by food restriction were due to a stress response. Females self-administered more heroin infusions than males under both feeding conditions. Food restriction increased heroin infusions by an average of 96% for both females and males. Ketoconazole suppressed the increase due to food restriction in females but not in males. Corticosterone reversed the effect of ketoconazole in a group of 8 females, suggesting an interaction between feeding conditions, sex, and the stress response in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA. mcarroll@umn.edu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heideman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D003932:Heroin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012646:Self Administration; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009294:Narcotics; D003932:Heroin; D007654:Ketoconazole; D003345:Corticosterone