title: Repeated exposure of flight phobics to flights in virtual reality.
abstract: The present study examined the effects of repeated exposure of flight phobics to flights in virtual reality (VR). Flight phobics were randomly assigned either to complete one VR test flight followed by four VR exposure flights (VR group; N=15) in one lengthy session or to complete one VR test flight followed by a lengthy relaxation training session (relaxation group; N=15). All participants completed a second VR test flight at the end of the session. Fear reports and physiological fear reactions (heart rate, skin conductance level) during VR exposures were registered, and fear of flying was assessed psychometrically from 3 weeks before to 3 months after exposure. Exposure to VR flights elicited subjective and physiological fear responses in flight phobics, and these responses attenuated within and across VR flights. Fear reduction associated with repeated VR exposure was greater than fear reduction caused by relaxation training. Fear of flying improved in both treatment groups, but several outcome measures indicated greater effects in the VR treated group than in the relaxation group. These findings indicate that exposure in virtual reality may offer a new and promising approach for the treatment of fear of flying.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mühlberger
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ellgring
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pauli
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001359:Aviation; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic / Q000379:methods; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010507:Periodicity; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface