title: Encephalopathy with staphylococcal endocarditis: multiple neuropathological findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infective endocarditis is associated with serious neurological sequelae.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here, we report a patient with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, secondary to congenital heart disease, with subacute onset of multiple neurological complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite prompt antibiotic treatment with rapid sterilization of blood cultures, the patient died with brain herniation within 96 hours of admission. Neuropathological examination showed intraparenchymal hemorrhages, mycotic aneurysms, micro-abscesses and septic arteritis with accompanying infarction. Immunocytochemical studies revealed enhanced CD45 and GFAP immunoreactivity, together with adenosine A1 receptor detection on macrophages and microglia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infective endocarditis is associated with multiple neuropathological lesions, which may contribute to its poor clinical outcome and activation of cells of monocyte-microglial lineage throughout the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Auer
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Doig
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Power
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000502:physiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens