title: Combining gemcitabine with radiation in pancreatic cancer: understanding important variables influencing the therapeutic index.
abstract: We compared and evaluated available laboratory and clinical data on the use of concurrent gemcitabine (Gemzar; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) and radiation in pancreatic cancer to provide guidance for subsequent prospective research initiatives. Preclinical data suggest that the timing of administration of gemcitabine with respect to radiotherapy is important, but this issue has not yet been confirmed by clinical data. Phase I clinical data indicate that the amount of acute toxicity from the combination of gemcitabine and radiotherapy is strongly related to the dose and schedule of administration of gemcitabine, as well as to the radiation field size. There also appears to be an inverse linear relationship between the maximum tolerated gemcitabine dose and radiation dose. Also important, but less clear, is the infusion rate of gemcitabine as it relates to the systemic efficacy of the drug. The combination of additional agents with gemcitabine and radiation appears to be feasible. Finally, the addition of radioprotectors may enable chemotherapy dose escalation, but safe escalation of the radiotherapy dose with newer techniques has not been established. Semin Oncol 28 (suppl 10):25-33.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charnsangavej
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Pisters
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lahoti
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Vauthey
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Janjan
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine