title: Thalidomide in multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes and histiocytosis. Analysis of clinical results and of surrogate angiogenesis markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thalidomide, as a single agent, has been recently found to induce a clinical response in one third of refractory or relapsed myeloma patients. Although it has been reported that thalidomide significantly inhibits angiogenesis. it is still unclear whether its clinical effect is mediated, at least in part, by its anti-angiogenic properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated thalidomide as a single agent in myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and histiocytosis, i.e. hematological diseases characterized by increased angiogenesis, and measured prospectively a number of surrogate angiogenesis markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical responses were observed in 7 of 17 myeloma and 2 of 5 MDS patients. The histiocytosis patient had a partial response. At the time of the best clinical response, plasma levels of angiogenic growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), were significantly decreased, and flow cytometry indicated a decrease of activated endothelial cells in the bone marrow of responding MDS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations confirm thalidomide efficacy in myeloma, suggest a possible use in MDS and histiocytosis and may contribute to the prediction of clinical response and to understanding the mechanism of thalidomide's action.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. francesco.bertolini@ieo.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mingrone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alietti
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cocorocchio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peccatori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinieri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corsini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burlini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zucca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cineri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000097:blood; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015614:Histiocytosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D013792:Thalidomide