title: The extracellular matrix of muscle--implications for manipulation of the craniofacial musculature.
abstract: Successful adaptation of craniofacial skeletal muscle is dependent upon the connective tissue component of the muscle. This is exemplified by procedures such as distraction histo/osteogenesis. The mechanisms underlying remodelling of intramuscular connective tissue are complex and multifactorial and involve extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, receptors for the ECM (integrins) and enzymes that remodel the ECM (MMPs). This review discusses the current state of knowledge and clinical implications of connective tissue biology as applied to craniofacial skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK. mlewis@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Machell
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sinanan
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tippett
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000502:physiology; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D016023:Integrins; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases