title: Relationships between counseling rapport and drug abuse treatment outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between counseling rapport and drug abuse treatment outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of outpatients who were being treated with methadone in four cities were studied. Cohort 1 comprised 354 patients in community-based nonprofit programs, and cohort 2 comprised 223 patients from a private for-profit program. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the importance of counseling rapport as a predictor of drug use and criminality relative to treatment retention in the index treatment, satisfaction with treatment, and whether additional treatment was received after the index treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both cohorts, ratings made by counselors, during treatment, of therapeutic involvement and relationships with patients provided a useful measure of counseling rapport. A lower level of rapport during treatment predicted worse post-index treatment outcomes, including more cocaine use and criminality, both by itself and after adjustment for treatment retention, satisfaction with treatment, and post-index treatment status. Counseling strategies were associated with the development of counseling rapport.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counseling rapport is a vital part of the therapeutic process and helps explain why and when treatment is effective. It contributes explicitly to the prediction of outcomes, apart from treatment retention, and accounts in part for the usual association between treatment retention and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Research of Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA. g.joe@tcu.edu
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Dansereau
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rowan-Szal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003415:Crime; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D013811:Psychotherapeutic Processes; D013781:Texas; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008691:Methadone