title: Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in the blood and tumor site of Hodgkin's disease patients: implications for a T-cell-based therapy.
abstract: Approximately 40% of Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases carry EBV in the malignant Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg (H-RS) cells, with expression of viral latent membrane proteins (LMPs) 1 and 2. These viral proteins are targets for CTLs in healthy EBV carriers, and their expression in EBV-associated HD raises the possibility of targeting them for a CTL-based immunotherapy. Here we characterize the CTL response to EBV latent antigens in both the blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of HD patients using two approaches: (a) in vitro reactivation of CTLs by stimulation with the autologous EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line; and (b) an enzyme-linked immunospot assay to quantify frequencies of CTLs specific for known LMP1/2 epitopes. We detected EBV-specific CTLs in blood and biopsy samples from both EBV-negative and EBV-positive HD patients. However, as in healthy EBV carriers, LMP-specific CTL precursors occurred only at low frequency in the blood of HD patients, and with the exception of one EBV-negative HD case, were undetectable in the tumor. These data give rise to two considerations: (a) they may explain why EBV-positive tumor cells persist in the presence of an existing EBV-specific immune response; and (b) they provide a rationale for selectively boosting/eliciting LMP-specific CTL responses as a therapy for EBV-positive HD.
authors.affiliation: CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rickinson
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crocker
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins