The calpain family and human disease.
The number of mammalian calpain protease family members has grown to 14 on last count. Overactivation of calpain 1 and calpain 2 (and their small subunit) has long been tied to acute neurological disorders (e.g. stroke and traumatic brain injury) and recently to Alzheimer's disease. Loss-of-function mutations of the calpain 3 gene have now been identified as the cause of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. Calpain 10 was recently identified as a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes, whereas calpain 9 appears to be a gastric cancer suppressor. This review describes our current understanding of the calpain family members and their mechanistic linkages to the aforementioned diseases as well as other emerging pathological conditions.
Huang
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Y
Laboratory of Neuro-biochemistry, Dept. of CNS Molecular Sciences, Pfizer Global Research & Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
Wang
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KK
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D002154:Calpain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002386:Cataract / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D004194:Disease; D020832:EF Hand Motifs; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology
D002154:Calpain