title: [Clinical features of idiopathic macular holes-differences between sexes and stages].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in the clinical features of idiopathic macular holes between sexes and stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and twenty-six eyes of 480 patients with stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular hole that had undergone vitrectomy were observed consecutively in this study. The each stage ratio, bilaterality, and affected eye were examined and the differences in age, hole duration, hole size, visual acuity, refractive power, axial length, and corneal refractive power were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six % of the cases were stage 4 in males and 31% in females. There were no significant differences in bilaterality or affected eye between the sexes. Younger age and larger size were found in females of stage 3. Larger size was found in stage 4. More myopic eye and longer axial length were found in males of stage 4. There were no significant differences in hole duration and visual acuity between sexes or stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In females the onset of macular hole occurred at a younger age than in males, size of the hole was larger from an earlier stage, and refractive power was less myopic. More myopic eye and longer axial length were found in stage 4, especially in males. This fact might be related to the existence of posterior vitreous detachment. We concluded that there were some differences in the mechanism of the onset and the progression of idiopathic macular hole between males and females.
authors.affiliation: Shinjo Ophthalmologic Institute, 899-0035 Mego, Shimokitakata-cho, Miyazaki 880-0035, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishigooka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity