title: Therapeutic effect of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration on portal-systemic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) has recently been introduced as a new interventional modality to prevent fatal bleeding from solitary gastric varices. A large portal-systemic shunt including gastric varices also causes severe encephalopathy in some cirrhotic patients. In this study, we evaluated the effect of B-RTO as a candidate therapeutic method to treat chronic recurrent hepatic encephalopathy due mainly to a portal-systemic shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since July 1995, we experienced 43 cirrhotic patients with chronic reccurent hepatic encephalopathy. Among them, six patients had anigographically proven large (>1 cm in diameter) portal-systemic shunt, and received B-RTO. B-RTO was carried out only once using 5% ethanolamine oleate with iopamidole to obliterate the portal-systemic shunt for 30 minutes. The median observation period after B-RTO was 29 months (range 23-46 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 6 patients, encephalopathy had disappeared after B-RTO, and the patients were free of encephalopathy during the following 6 months. B-RTO significantly reduced blood ammonia levels at one month, 3 months, and 6 months later, without affecting serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, total bilirubin and albumin concentrations, and plasma prothrombin time. Encephalopathy relapsed in 4 patients between 6 and 30 months. Additional B-RTO was required and effective in 2 of them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B-RTO is an effective treatment for chronic recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with an angiographically proven portal-systemic shunt.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D001663:Bilirubin