title: Chiral diamines 4: a computational study of the enantioselective deprotonation of Boc-pyrrolidine with an alkyllithium in the presence of a chiral diamine.
abstract: The enantioselective deprotonation of N-Boc-pyrrolidine (1) with i-PrLi-(-)-sparteine has been studied at theoretical levels up through B3P86/6-31G. Four low-energy intermediate complexes involving i-PrLi-(-)-sparteine and 1 were located via geometry optimizations; two of these complexes would lead to abstraction of the pro-S hydrogen from 1, and the other two complexes would lead to loss of the pro-R hydrogen. The lowest-energy intermediate complex was found to lead to loss of the pro-S hydrogen as observed experimentally. Transition states for the deprotonations were located using the synchronous transit-guided quasi-Newton method. The calculated activation enthalpy for transfer of the pro-S hydrogen within the lowest-energy intermediate complex, 10.8 kcal/mol, is reasonable for a reaction that occurs at a relatively low temperature, and the calculated kinetic hydrogen isotope effect is in agreement with experimental data. The lower enantioselectivity observed experimentally for deprotonation of 1 using t-BuLi-(-)-sparteine is attributed to a transition-state effect due to increased steric interaction engendered by the bulky t-BuLi. Replacement of the tert-butoxycarbonyl group in 1 by a methoxycarbonyl is predicted to result in a slower deprotonation with somewhat decreased enantioselectivity. Asymmetric deprotonation of 1 using i-PrLi in combination with the C(2)-symmetric diamine, (S,S)-1,2-bis(N,N-dimethylamino)cyclohexane, was calculated to be much less selective than is the deprotonation mediated by (-)-sparteine as observed experimentally. The relative energies of the intermediate complexes were fairly well-reproduced by ONIUM calculations in which the sparteine ligand less its nitrogen atoms was treated by molecular mechanics and the remainder of the complex was treated by quantum mechanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Wiberg
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D005563:Formic Acid Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry*; D013034:Sparteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D005563:Formic Acid Esters; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C000345:t-butyloxycarbonyl group; D013034:Sparteine; D008094:Lithium