title: Operative mortality with elective surgery in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For patients considering elective major surgery, information about operative mortality risks is essential for careful decision making. Because available information is often limited to educated guesses or optimistic data from case series, we examined surgical mortality by using nationwide data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operative mortality in 1.2 million patients in the Medicare system who were hospitalized between 1994 and 1999 for major elective surgery (six cardiovascular procedures and eight major cancer resections).
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDPAR file of the National Medicare claims database for patients 65 years of age and older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality, defined as death within 30 days of the operation or death before discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall operative mortality varied widely according to procedure. Procedures associated with relatively low mortality risk included carotid endarterectomy (1.3%) and nephrectomy (2.3%). Overall mortality was greater than 10% for other procedures, such as mitral valve replacement (10.5%), esophagectomy (13.6%), and pneumonectomy (13.7%). In general, mortality risk increased with age. Operative mortality for patients 80 years of age and older was more than twice that for patients 65 to 69 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Population-based operative mortality for major surgery varies by procedure and patient age and is considerably higher than that typically reported in case series and trials.
authors.affiliation: VA Outcomes Group, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vt., USA. Emily.Finlayson@Dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Birkmeyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality; D003082:Colectomy / Q000401:mortality; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000401:mortality; D003657:Decision Making; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000401:mortality; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000401:mortality; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology