title: Failure to expand influenza and tetanus toxoid memory T cells in vitro correlates with disease course in SIV infected rhesus macaques.
abstract: Marked decreases in influenza (flu) and tetanus toxoid (T.T.) antigen specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell memory responses were noted shortly after SIV infection in monkeys that go on to develop clinical disease within 18 months (normal progressor, NP) following SIV infection but not in monkeys that remain asymptomatic >3 years post SIV infection (long-term nonprogressor, LTNP). While PBMCs from NP and LTNP monkeys demonstrate both low and high avidity flu and T.T. specific CD8(+) and CD4(+)T cell immune responses prior to SIV infection, the PBMCs from NP but not LTNP fail to generate high avidity T cell responses post SIV infection. This failure to generate high avidity T cell responses in vitro correlated with increased apoptotic cell death in PBMC cultures from NP animals. Since high avidity antigen specific CTLs have been shown to be most efficient in eliminating viral infections, the present finding has important implications for the evaluation of the level of immune reconstitution following various modalities of therapy in HIV-1 infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Lab. Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bostik
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mayne
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villinger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology*; D011533:Proviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; C093151:tetanus toxoid (830-843); D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin