title: [Treatment for brain metastasis from lung cancer in the era of radiosurgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment for brain metastasis has undergone remarkable changes since the development of radiosurgery. We investigated the results of treatment for brain metastasis from lung cancer since the initiation of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and we discuss the usefulness of GKRS combined with other treatments in cases with recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 142 patients with brain metastasis from lung cancer. Sixteen patients were treated surgically, 11 patients were treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and 115 patients were treated with GKRS. Our treatment plan is to use GKRS in cases with less than 5 lesions and lesions less than 3 cm in mean diameter. We use WBRT in cases with 5 or more lesions, and surgery in cases with lesions 3 cm or larger. If new lesions or tumor regrowth appeared after the initial treatment, we retreated them with one of the methods mentioned above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twice or three-time treatments were performed in 30 patients. Median survival including all cases was 10 months and the number of deaths due to local treatment failure was only 5 (6.5%) out of the total 77 deaths which occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to carry out less invasive treatment for brain metastasis from lung cancer by utilizing GKRS. Though we have to consider the indications for other treatments, we can say that radiosurgery is usually the treatment of first choice for brain metastasis from lung cancer. When new lesions appear in cases where a particular initial treatment was used, it is possible to maintain or improve the quality of life by retreatment, using a combination of GKRS, surgery or WBRT, to prolong the patient's life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojimahondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery