title: Hospital morbidity due to post-operative infections in obstetrics & gynecology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence and risk factors for postoperative infection following cesarean sections and major gynecological surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative infection was documented in the specified registers in all patients following cesarean sections and major gynecological surgery from January 1997 to December 1998. This study was a part of the prospective analysis of hospital-based morbidity and mortality in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 89 cases of postoperative infections amongst 4,032 patients undergoing major operations giving an overall infection rate of 2.2%. The morbidity due to infections was 3.3% in cesarean sections and 0.9% in major gynecological surgery. Abdominal hysterectomies had a higher infection rate than vaginal surgery. The most common causative organisms isolated were Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Klebsiella species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found that vaginal flora was a significant source of contamination during surgery, which could be minimised by local sterilisation methods. The high infective morbidity in abdominal hysterectomies needs further analysis of the risk factors. Infection surveillance with a regular review of antibiotic protocols is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, PO Box 12, Bahrain. msingh@batelco.com.bh
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Shafei
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Al-Sharqi
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Jothy
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qadri
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001445:Bahrain / Q000453:epidemiology; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015994:Incidence; D017053:Infection Control; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009017:Morbidity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents