Monitoring requirements for groundwaters under the influence of reclaimed water.
Monitoring groundwaters under the influence of reclaimed water must consider the major constituents of concern in reclaimed water. This research focused on the fate of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen species at field sites located throughout the Southwestern United States. A watershed approach was developed to predict the fate of dissolved organic carbon as a function of the drinking water dissolved organic carbon concentration and the total dissolved solids concentration in the reclaimed water. Extensive characterization of the dissolved organic carbon recovered from groundwaters under the influence of reclaimed water was done. With the exception of fluorescence spectroscopy, the dissolved organic carbon present in effluent organic matter was similar in structure, character and reactivity as compared to natural organic matter. Evidence for sustainable nitrogen removal mechanisms during groundwater recharge with reclaimed water was obtained. The autotrophic reaction between ammonia and nitrate appears to a mechanism for the removal nitrogen in a carbon-depleted environment. The monitoring tools and methodologies developed in this research can be used to assure protection of public health and determine the sustainability of indirect potable reuse projects.
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Joerg Drewes, National Center for Sustainable Water Supply, Arizona State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tempe, USA. Peter.Fox@asu.edu
D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply
D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen