title: The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 2. Suicidality, criminality and social dysfunction in adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strong links exist between juvenile and adult depression, but comorbid conduct disorder may be associated with worse adult social difficulties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the impact of comorbid conduct disorder on social adjustment and dysfunction, suicidality and criminality of adults who had had depression as youths.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n=149) assessed at the Maudsley Hospital in 1970-1983 and meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with (CD-MDD; n=53) or without (MDD; n=96) conduct disorder were interviewed 20 years later. Data were collected on lifetime psychiatric disorders and adult social/personality functioning. Death certificates and criminal records were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The suicide risk was 2.45%, and 44.3% of the sample had attempted suicide once in their lives. Compared with the MDD group, the CD-MDD group had higher rates of suicidal behaviours and criminal offences, and exhibited more pervasive social dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent depression is associated with raised risks of adult suicidality and with persistent interpersonal difficulties. Youths with CD-MDD show more severe and pervasive social dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fombonne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wostear
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*