title: Monitoring of chemical fertilizers on toxicity of two carbamate insecticides to the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120.
abstract: The effects of individual chemical fertilizers (urea, superphosphate and potash) on the toxicity of two carbamate insecticides (carbaryl and carbofuran) to the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120, were studied in vitro at partial lethal levels of each insecticide. Urea at 10 and 50 ppm levels reduced the toxicity due to carbaryl at 50 ppm partial lethal dose and due to carbofuran at 100 and 250 ppm partial lethal doses. Urea at 100 ppm enchanced the toxicity of both insecticides. Superphosphate at 10 ppm reduced the toxicity of carbaryl at 50 ppm and carbofuran at 100 and 250 ppm, but it enhanced the toxicity due to both insecticides at 50 ppm superphosphate. The toxicity due to carbaryl at 40 and 60 ppm were reduced by 100 and 200 ppm potash, but higher potash levels caused enhancement of toxicity. Carbofuran toxicity at 100 ppm was reduced but at 250 ppm the toxicity was enhanced with 100 ppm potash. Urea, superphosphate and potash caused no significant change in number of vegetative cells between the successive heterocysts at 10 and 50 ppm of urea and superphosphate, respectively, and 100 ppm of potash.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Department of Botany, Khallikote College, Berhampur, Orissa, India.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Padhy
mesh_terms: D017033:Anabaena / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002219:Carbamates; D011756:Diphosphates; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005308:Fertilizers; D006878:Hydroxides; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D011756:Diphosphates; D005308:Fertilizers; D006878:Hydroxides; D007306:Insecticides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; C033414:superphosphate; D014508:Urea; C029943:potassium hydroxide