[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the vessel wall: new regulators of gene expression in vascular cells].
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma) are nuclear transcription factors regulating gene expression in response to their ligands. Initially, PPARs were identified as regulators of gene expression in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, but recent work has demonstrated PPAR expression in vascular cells and suggests antiinflammatory properties in the vasculature. Since PPAR alpha activators include lipid-lowering fibric acid derivatives and since PPAR gamma can be activated by antidiabetic thiazolidinediones, activation of these receptors might be an intriguing tool to influence atherogenesis in patients with vascular disease. However, there is also evidence that PPAR activators might furnish lesion development under certain circumstances. The following review will focus on these aspects of potential anti- or proatherogenic effects in the vessel wall and discuss potential clinical implications of these findings.
Marx
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Abteilung Innere Medizin II-Kardiologie Universität Ulm Robert-Koch-Str. 8 89081 Ulm, Germany. nikolaus.marx@medizin.uni-ulm.de
Hombach
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V
D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002839:Chromans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015248:Gemfibrozil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D020025:Peroxisome Proliferators / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012106:Research; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077288:Troglitazone
D002839:Chromans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008024:Ligands; D020025:Peroxisome Proliferators; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077288:Troglitazone; D015248:Gemfibrozil; D011345:Fenofibrate
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in der Gefässwand--neue Regulatoren der Genexpression in vaskulären Zellen.