title: High intake of energy, sucrose, and polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preeclampsia is associated with high body mass index, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia. Our objective was to investigate prospectively whether diet in the first half of pregnancy is associated with the risk for preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, population-based, cohort study of pregnant women investigated dietary intake early in the second trimester with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was completed by 3133 women (83%). Preeclampsia developed in 85 women. Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for preeclampsia was 3.7 (1.5-8.9) for energy intake of >3350 kcal/d compared with < or =2000 kcal/d. Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for preeclampsia was 3.6 (1.3-9.8) for sucrose intake (percent of total energy) of >25% compared with < or =8.5% and 2.6 (1.3-5.4) for polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (percent of total energy) of >7.5% compared with < or =5.2%. Other energy-providing nutrients were not associated with the risk for preeclampsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study suggests that high intakes of energy, sucrose, and polyunsaturated fatty acids independently increase the risk for preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aker University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. torun.clausen@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slott
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Solvoll
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vollset
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henriksen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000150:complications; D004032:Diet; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D017359:HELLP Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated