title: [CBO guidelines 'Antiretroviral therapy in the Netherlands'].
abstract: In collaboration with the Dutch Institute for Health Care Improvement (CBO) and on the basis of recent developments, new guidelines have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected patients. The most important recommendations are: Treatment of adult patients is indicated if HIV load > 30,000 RNA copies/ml, or when CD4+ cell count is < 350 x 10(6) cells/l. Treatment of children is indicated if HIV load > 5,000 copies/ml, even when CD4+ cell count is > 500 x 10(6) cells/l. Optimal antiretroviral treatment consists of a combination of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one protease inhibitor, or a combination of two NRTIs and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Patients on antiretroviral treatment should be monitored every 3 months. Undetectable HIV load should be the target of first- or second-line antiretroviral treatment. In order to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child, prescription of antiretroviral drugs after the first three months of pregnancy is indicated in pregnant women with a detectable HIV load. Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections can be discontinued if CD4+ cell count recovers above 200 x 10(6)/l. In case of exposure to HIV due to a needle or other occupational accident or unsafe sexual contact, post-exposure prophylaxis should be offered after careful risk evaluation. Preferably, vaccination to prevent pneumococci infections, influenza, hepatitis A or hepatitis B should be given when CD4+ cell count is > 200 x 10(6)/l.
authors.affiliation: Universitair Medisch Centrum, afd. Interne Geneeskunde, onderafd. Infectieziekten en Aids, Postbus 85.500, 3508 GA Utrecht. j.c.c.borleffs@azu.nl
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Borleffs
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Danner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Everdingen
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors
vernacular_title: CBO-richtlijn 'Antiretrovirale behandeling in Nederland'.