title: Increasing the rate of chromatin remodeling and gene activation--a novel role for the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5.
abstract: Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) such as Gcn5 play a role in transcriptional activation. However, the majority of constitutive genes show no requirement for GCN5, and even regulated genes, such as the yeast PHO5 gene, do not seem to be affected significantly by its absence under normal activation conditions. Here we show that even though the steady-state level of activated PHO5 transcription is not affected by deletion of GCN5, the rate of activation following phosphate starvation is significantly decreased. This delay in transcriptional activation is specifically due to slow chromatin remodeling of the PHO5 promoter, whereas the transmission of the phosphate starvation signal to the PHO5 promoter progresses at a normal rate. Chromatin remodeling is equally delayed in a galactose-inducible PHO5 promoter variant in which the Pho4 binding sites have been replaced by Gal4 binding sites. By contrast, activation of the GAL1 gene by galactose addition occurs with normal kinetics. Lack of the histone H4 N-termini leads to a similar delay in activation of the PHO5 promoter. These results indicate that one important contribution of HATs is to increase the rate of gene induction by accelerating chromatin remodeling, rather than to affect the final steady-state expression levels.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität München, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 München, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbaric
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Svejstrup
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hörz
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006657:Histones; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C055831:phosphate permease; C501392:GCN5 protein, S cerevisiae; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor