title: Handheld computers in critical care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computing technology has the potential to improve health care management but is often underutilized. Handheld computers are versatile and relatively inexpensive, bringing the benefits of computers to the bedside. We evaluated the role of this technology for managing patient data and accessing medical reference information, in an academic intensive-care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Palm III series handheld devices were given to the ICU team, each installed with medical reference information, schedules, and contact numbers. Users underwent a 1-hour training session introducing the hardware and software. Various patient data management applications were assessed during the study period. Qualitative assessment of the benefits, drawbacks, and suggestions was performed by an independent company, using focus groups. An objective comparison between a paper and electronic handheld textbook was achieved using clinical scenario tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 6-month study period, the 20 physicians and 6 paramedical staff who used the handheld devices found them convenient and functional but suggested more comprehensive training and improved search facilities. Comparison of the handheld computer with the conventional paper text revealed equivalence. Access to computerized patient information improved communication, particularly with regard to long-stay patients, but changes to the software and the process were suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of this technology was well received despite differences in users' familiarity with the devices. Handheld computers have potential in the ICU, but systems need to be developed specifically for the critical-care environment.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Room 1825, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. stephen.lapinsky@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lapinsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weshler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varkul
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D002170:Canada; D003195:Computer Communication Networks / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008838:Microcomputers / Q000600:supply & distribution; D012984:Software