title: Long-term electrophysiological effects of regional cardiac sympathetic denervation of the neonatal dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In many cardiac arrhythmias, both a triggering factor and a favorable myocardial substrate are required. Whereas the sympathetic nervous system may trigger tachyarrhythmias, its function as a long-term modulator of the myocardial substrate is less well understood. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that regional sympathetic denervation at birth would produce an abnormal myocardial substrate. The comparator was the substrate associated with inherited, lethal tachyarrhythmias at 5 months of age in German shepherd dogs with incomplete sympathetic innervation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mongrel dogs underwent right cardiac stellectomy (RSX) within the first day of life and were terminally studied with control littermates at 5 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On days 1-21 of life, RSX animals manifested significant QT prolongation on ECG and sudden, asystolic death. Beyond this age, QT intervals normalized and deaths did not occur. At 5 months, action potentials (AP) were recorded from Purkinje fibers (PF) and midmyocardial preparations in anteroseptal (AS) and posterobasal (PB) left ventricle. Early afterdepolarizations occurred only in left ventricular PF from RSX dogs. Isoproterenol prolonged AP duration in AS and shortened it in PB of RSX but not control dogs. The incidence of isoproterenol-initiated triggered activity and the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarizations were greater in RSX than control dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five months after RSX heterogeneous alterations of LV electrophysiological properties were similar to those previously observed in animals having inherited deficits in sympathetic innervation and sudden death. This implicates the sympathetic nerves as long-term modulators of an arrhythmogenic substrate. That 5-month-old RSX dogs did not experience tachyarrhythmias or sudden death indicates that further anomalies--beyond those explicable by the substrate change--must exist to induce sudden death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Therapeutics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sosunov
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Anyukhovsky
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Gainullin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plotnikov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Danilo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001947:Breeding; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011690:Purkinje Fibers / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013233:Stellate Ganglion / Q000601:surgery*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013562:Sympathectomy; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D010656:Phenylephrine; D007545:Isoproterenol