title: Prevalence of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening study: a population based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate data for prevalence rates for heart failure due to various causes, and for left-ventricular systolic dysfunction in all adults are unavailable. Our aim was to assess prevalence of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in a large representative adult population in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 6286 randomly selected patients aged 45 years and older, 3960 (63%) participated in the study. They came from 16 randomly selected general practices. We assessed patients by history and examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Prevalence of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (defined as ejection fraction <40%) and heart failure was calculated for the overall population on the basis of strict criteria and, when necessary, adjudication by a panel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left-ventricular systolic dysfunction was diagnosed in 72 (1.8% [95% CI 1.4-2.3]) participants, half of whom had no symptoms. Borderline left-ventricular function (ejection fraction 40-50%) was seen in 139 patients (3.5% [3.0-4.1]). Definite heart failure was seen in 92 (2.3%, [1.9-2.8]) and was associated with an ejection fraction of less than 40% in 38 (41%) patients, atrial fibrillation in 30 (33%), and valve disease in 24 (26%). Probable heart failure was seen in a further 32 (0.8% [0.6-1.1]) patients. In total, 124 (3.1% [2.6-3.7]) patients aged 45 years or older had definite or probable heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart failure is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in primary care. Our results suggest that assessment of left-ventricular function in patients with suspected heart failure could lead to more effective diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Selly Oak Hospital, Raddlebarn Road, Selly Oak, West Midlands, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kenkre
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Roalfe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wosornu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lancashire
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004452:Echocardiography; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*