title: Intraocular pressure in genetically distinct mice: an update and strain survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about genetic factors affecting intraocular pressure (IOP) in mice and other mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine the IOPs of genetically distinct mouse strains, assess the effects of factors such as age, sex and time of day on IOP in specific strain backgrounds, and to assess the effects of specific candidate gene mutations on IOP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on over 30 studied mouse strains, average IOP ranges from approximately 10 to 20 mmHg. Gender does not typically affect IOP and aging results in an IOP decrease in some strains. Most tested strains exhibit a diurnal rhythm with IOP being the highest during the dark period of the day. Homozygosity for a null allele of the carbonic anhydrase II gene (Car2n) does not alter IOP while homozygosity for a mutation in the leptin receptor gene (Leprdb) that causes obesity and diabetes results in increased IOP. Albino C57BL/6J mice homozygous for a tyrosinase mutation (Tyrc-2J) have higher IOPs than their pigmented counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetically distinct mouse strains housed in the same environment have a broad range of IOPs. These IOP differences are likely due to interstrain genetic differences that create a powerful resource for studying the regulation of IOP. Age, time of day, obesity and diabetes have effects on mouse IOP similar to those in humans and other species. Mutations in two of the assessed candidate genes (Lepr and Tyr) result in increased IOP. These studies demonstrate that mice are a practical and powerful experimental system to study the genetics of IOP regulation and disease processes that raise IOP to harmful levels.
authors.affiliation: The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. ovs@jax.org
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Savinova
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tomarev
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Paigen
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004777:Environment; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000235:genetics; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D023421:Models, Animal; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000172:deficiency; D009154:Mutation; D010507:Periodicity; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D000099179:Myocilin
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D000099179:Myocilin