title: Route learning performance in Alzheimer disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine performance on an objective measure of route learning in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Topographic disorientation (TD) is a common problem among AD patients. The underlying cognitive deficits that contribute to TD in AD patients are not well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined 19 healthy older individuals (controls) and 16 AD patients who were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery along with a novel Route Learning Test (RLT). Areas assessed included incidental learning, spatial relations. recall of the walking route, and recognition of landmarks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite comparable performance on basic visuospatial ability measures, AD patients performed significantly worse than controls on the RLT and evidenced poor incidental learning for environmental details. A measure of egocentric and allocentric orientation ability was the best predictor of RLT performance in AD patients. Among RLT subtests, AD patients performed best on recognition of landmarks compared with recognition and recall of spatial layout or recognition of incidental items in the environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that poor performance on the RLT in AD patients is characteristic of poor spatial orientation or spatial reasoning. Therefore, episodes of TD in AD patients may occur secondary to poor spatial orientation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. cherrier@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cherrier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perryman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology*