title: Clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent inducer of angiogenesis in malignant tumors. An increased in the serum VEGF concentration (S-VEGF) has been found in patients with various solid tumors and appears to be correlated with tumor burden. The objective of the current study was to determine the correlation between pretreatment S-VEGF and clinicopathologic features in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment S-VEGF was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in 24 healthy controls and 96 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (82 patients with primary tumors and 14 with recurrent tumors). Chemoradiotherapy was performed in 35 patients followed by response evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S-VEGF was found to be significantly elevated in patients with primary esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.0011). Significant differences were observed when S-VEGF was categorized by tumor size (P = 0.0002), tumor depth (P = 0.0082), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0002), distant metastasis (P = 0.028), and International Union Against Cancer TNM stage (P < 0.0001). The patients who achieved a partial or complete response to chemoradiotherapy showed significantly less S-VEGF than those patients who were nonresponders (P = 0.018). A high (> 451 pg/mL) S-VEGF level was associated with poor survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found S-VEGF to be a significant and independent prognostic factor (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current study, a high S-VEGF was found to be associated with tumor progression, poor treatment response, and poor survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan. hshimada@srgy201.m.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nabeya
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Okazumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Funami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gunji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015996:Survival Rate; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors