title: Behaviors of mice given forced-swimming.
abstract: Behaviors of mice in the forced swimming test are motionlessness, climbing and the other stereotypical behaviors. We observed these behaviors in different ages and sex and in repeated forced swimming trials. The findings were 1) quantities of the climbing and the other behaviors were different with the age and sex, 2) repeated per day forced swimming remarkably increased motionlessness and motionlessness is memorized for at least 14 days, and 3) climbing is the typical opposite behavior of motionlessness and was related to adrenergic but not serotonergic neuronal activity. When these behaviors are recognized as adaptation behaviors, we conclude that mice given repeated forced swimming, but not mice given one trial of forced swimming, can be considered as a model of human depression relating to adrenaline neuronal activity.
authors.affiliation: Psychosomatic Division, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigooka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D003863:Depression; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine