title: Continuous-infusion contrast-enhanced US: in vitro studies of infusion techniques with different contrast agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the infusion properties of three ultrasonographic (US) contrast agents and to compare different infusion techniques for achieving constant signals during harmonic power Doppler US.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro studies were performed in a flow phantom. SH U 508A, NC100100, or FS069 was continuously infused at clinically usable doses and infusion rates. To assess agent-specific physical properties, these agents were administered by using a vertically fixed infusion pump and varying infusion start times. The contrast agents were administered by also using a horizontally oriented infusion pump that was either fixed or continuously rotated to homogenize the agent in the syringe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With SH U 508A and NC100100, constant signals were achieved, regardless of the infusion modality used. Compared with conventional infusion, the continuous homogenization of SH U 508A, although not necessary for signal constancy, increased the agent's usefulness (P <.05). With FS069, only continuous homogenization yielded constant signals (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous infusion of SH U 508A or NC100100 provided constant harmonic power Doppler US signals, regardless of the infusion modality used. Because of the special physical properties of FS069, only homogenization produced constant harmonic power Doppler US signals during continuous infusion of this agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuntz-Hehner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goenechea
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Veltmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lentz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lohmaier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ehlgen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omran
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tiemann
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C069727:Sonazoid; D007501:Iron