[Caseous pneumonia: diagnosis, clinical aspects and treatment].
Fifty-two patients with caseous pneumonia (CP) (whose age ranged from 18 to 60 years) admitted to a specialized tuberculosis facility of the general health care system were followed up. On admission, all the patients had marked intoxication and bronchopulmonary manifestations of the disease. X-study revealed lesions to one lobe in 19.2%, to 2 lobes in 32.7%, to 3 lobes or more in 48.1% of the patients. At the same time, all the patients had destructive changes with large and giants caverns in 57.7% of cases. The sputa of all 52 patients exhibited Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT), whose primary drug resistance being established. The nonspecific microflora composed of gram-positive cocci, gram-negative bacilli, fungi of the genus Candida in over 60% of patients was found in the sputa in two thirds of cases. A retrospective analysis indicated that CP had been correctly diagnosed only in 11.5% of patients within the first fortnight, in 65.4% by the end of the first month and by the beginning of the second, and in 23.1% following 2 months. The main reason for untimely diagnosis of CP was no sputum test for MBT. An algorithm of early CP diagnosis at general hospitals was developed, which includes a compulsory test of 3 sputum smears by the Ziehl-Nielsen method in all patients with pneumonia on admission and 2 weeks after treatment with wide-spectrum antibiotics. Chemotherapy in CP patients was long-term and combined 4-5 essential drugs within the first 4 months with obligatory correction after there was evidence for drug resistance. A course of nonspecific antibiotic therapy and a developed complex of symptomatic and pathogenetic treatments were compulsory. By the cessation of bacterial isolation, the efficiency of combined treatment was 82.7%, but a question as to a surgical intervention that is a compulsory component of CP therapy always arose at the final stage.
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy
D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents
Kazeoznaia pnevmoniia: diagnostika, klinika i lechenie.