title: Risk for anogenital cancer and other cancer among women hospitalized with gonorrhea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the relationship between infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and anogenital and other cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide and population based register linkage study utilizing prospectively notified information. The observed numbers of cancers among the women were compared with those expected on the basis of national incidence rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a cohort of 4440 women hospitalized for gonorrhea we observed a total of 227 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III), with 103 expected (standardized incidence ratio (SIR), 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-2.5). No significantly increased risk for other anogenital cancers or cancer at other sites was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the view that the observed association between gonorrheal infection and subsequent cervical preneoplasia is due mainly to surveillance bias. However, our results also indicate that women hospitalized with a N. gonorrhoeae infection will benefit from the compliance with the regular Pap smear screening programs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. christof@cancer.dk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mellemkjaer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gridley
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000209:etiology; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*