title: Purification and functional analysis of a novel leucine-zipper/nucleotide-fold protein, BZAP45, stimulating cell cycle regulated histone H4 gene transcription.
abstract: Regulation of histone gene transcription at the G1/S phase transition via the Site II cell cycle control element is distinct from E2F-dependent mechanisms operative at the growth factor-related restriction point. E2F-independent activation of histone H4 gene expression combines contributions of several promoter factors, including HiNF-M/IRF2 and the HiNF-D/CDP-cut complex which contains pRB, CDK1, and cyclin A as non-DNA binding subunits. Mutational analyses suggest additional rate-limiting factors for Site II function. Using sequence-specific Site II DNA affinity chromatography, we identified a 45 kDa protein (KIAA0005 or BZAP45) that is embryonically expressed and phylogenetically conserved. Based on amino acid sequence analysis, BZAP45 contains a unique decapeptide that is part of a putative leucine-zipper protein with a nucleotide (ATP or GTP) binding fold. Bacterial expression of a full-length cDNA produces a 45 kDa protein. Binding studies reveal that highly purified BZAP45 does not interact with Site II, suggesting that BZAP45 function may require partner proteins. Forced expression of BZAP45 strongly stimulates H4 promoter (nt -215 to -1)/CAT reporter gene activity. Deletion analyses and point mutations indicate that BZAP45 enhances H4 gene transcription through Site II. Thus, BZAP45 is a novel regulatory factor that contributes to transcriptional control at the G1/S phase transition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655-0106, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D016193:G1 Phase; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D011485:Protein Binding; D016196:S Phase; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C435403:BZW1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones