title: A method for measuring dermal exposure to multifunctional acrylates.
abstract: UV-curable acrylates are used increasingly for coating wood surfaces in the furniture industry. One of the active components, tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), is known to be both an allergen and irritant to the skin. Methods to measure dermal exposure to skin irritants and allergens, such as acrylates, are insufficient for exposure assessment and there is none for this compound. The aim of this investigation was to develop a skin and surface sampling method, based on tape stripping, and a gas chromatographic method for quantitative analysis for assessing occupational skin exposure to multifunctional acrylates. Twelve adhesives were tested for their efficiency to remove TPGDA and UV-coating from a glass surface, the skin of guinea pigs and human volunteers employing the tape-stripping method in order to find the best performing tape. Variables that affect removal efficiency such as the applied dose and its retention time on the skin, tape adhesion time on the skin, and the number of strippings required to detect the contaminant from the skin were studied. Fixomull tape performed the best during sampling and analysis and had the most consistent removal efficiencies for the studied substances. The average removal efficiency with a single stripping at the 2 microliters TPGDA exposed skin sites was 85% (RSD = 14.1), and for UV-resin exposed sites 63% (RSD = 20.2). The results indicated that this method can be used for measuring dermal exposure to multifunctional acrylates efficiently, accurately, and economically. This method provides a sensitive and powerful tool for the assessment of dermal exposure to multifunctional acrylates both from the skin and from other contaminated surfaces in occupational field settings.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Working Life, S-112 79 Stockholm, Sweden. Jouni.Surakka@niwl.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Surakka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosén
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates