title: Persistent detection of alfa-fetoprotein in the vagina without overt preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Clinical and chemical characterizations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to clinically characterize and seek risk factors for the patients with persistently detected alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) in the vagina without showing overt preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort study was undertaken using vaginal-cervical specimens collected consecutively between 21 and 40 weeks of gestation from 25 consenting women. Demographic, obstetric, neonatal, and laboratory data from patients with persistent positive results of AFP kit tests without showing overt leakage of amniotic fluid were compared to those from controls. Cervical levels of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and granulocyte elastase were measured by immunoassay, and the uterine cervix was assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography. Statistical analysis involved Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of overt preterm PROM was significantly higher in the patients with persistently detected AFP in preterm (3 in 4 cases) than in controls (3 in 21 controls). At sampling before determination of persistently detected AFP, patients with persistently detected AFP had significantly higher cervical levels of interleukin-6 and significantly shorter cervical length than controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with persistently detected AFP in the vagina without showing overt preterm PROM have the risk of overt preterm PROM. Increased levels of interleukin-6 in cervical specimens and short cervical length may be risk factors for the occurrence of persistent detection of AFP in the preterm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. tatsuro@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase