title: Dose-response effects of methylphenidate on ecologically valid measures of academic performance and classroom behavior in adolescents with ADHD.
abstract: The effects of methylphenidate on the academic performance and classroom behavior of 45 adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were studied. During a 6-week, placebo-controlled medication assessment in the context of a summer treatment program, participants received a double-blind, crossover trial of 3 doses of methylphenidate. Dependent measures included note-taking quality, quiz and worksheet scores, written language usage and productivity, teacher ratings, on-task and disruptive behavior, and homework completion. Group data showed positive effects of methylphenidate on academic measures; however, the greatest benefit came with the lowest dose. Although additional benefit did occur for some participants with higher doses, the largest increment of change usually occurred between the placebo and 10-mg dose. Many adolescents did not experience added benefit with increased dosages, and in some cases they experienced deterioration. Guidelines for assessment of medication effects are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA. evanssw@jmu.edu
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pelham
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bukstein
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gnagy
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Altenderfer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baron-Myak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012574:Schools
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate