title: Involvement of the cholinergic pathway in the pathogenesis of pituitary Cushing's syndrome.
abstract: Transsphenoidal adenomectomy is currently the first choice for treatment of patients with pituitary ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. However, pharmacotherapy is prescribed for some patients, e.g., unsuccessful surgery. We treated a woman in whom pituitary Cushing's syndrome was improved while she was on antimuscarinic cholinergic agents, atropine sulphate and pirenzepine hydrochloride. The diminished effect of anticholinergics on ACTH and cortisol was incidentally identified in an inferior petrosal sinus sampling procedure. A single intramuscular injection of atropine significantly decreased both ACTH (43.9 pg/ml to less than 12.0; normal, 12.0-40.0 pg/ml) and cortisol (29.9 microg/dl to 13.6; normal, 7.6-23.6 microg/dl). An M1-muscarinic receptor specific antagonist, pirenzepine hydrochloride, also had a diminishing effect on these hormones and this inhibiting effect was partially blocked by the simultaneous administration of an anticholinesterase agent, pyridostigmine bromide. Chronic oral ingestion of these agents led to improvement in clinical symptoms, and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid and 17-ketosteroid levels were at normal to upper-normal levels. This is the first documentation of involvement of the cholinergic system in the pathogenesis of pituitary Cushing's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D015065:17-Hydroxycorticosteroids / Q000652:urine; D015068:17-Ketosteroids / Q000652:urine; D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002794:Choline / Q000502:physiology*; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008797:Metyrapone; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017591:Petrosal Sinus Sampling; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D015065:17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; D015068:17-Ketosteroids; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010890:Pirenzepine; D001285:Atropine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D002794:Choline; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D008797:Metyrapone