title: Steroid management in giant cell arteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular involvement in giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an ophthalmic emergency which, if untreated, can progress to permanent blindness. There is little evidence in the literature to support current protocols for the acute treatment of GCA with steroids. The authors sought to review the effects of intravenous and oral steroids in GCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study reviewed the records of 100 consecutive patients with biopsy proved giant cell arteritis. 73 patients with visual loss who were treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH) and St Vincent's Hospital were included in the final series. The authors studied the management of the patients in the first week after presentation, analysing types of treatment, dose, effect on visual acuity, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients except one had visual loss due to anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION). 17 patients (23%) had bilateral eye involvement. Visual acuity improved in 21 of 73 patients (29%) by a mean of two Snellen chart lines after commencement of steroids. There was an increased likelihood of improved vision in the group who had intravenous steroids (40%) compared with those who received oral steroids (13%). In all except four patients (95%) vision remained stable at 1 month review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prompt treatment of GCA with steroids leads to improvement of visual acuity in a significant number of cases. Intravenous steroids may offer a greater prospect of improvement compared with oral steroids. A prospective trial comparing intravenous with oral steroids is needed to validate these findings and would not expose elderly patients to unacceptable risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. chunkeng@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Day
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids