title: Puberty in perinatal HIV-1 infection: a multicentre longitudinal study of 212 children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define age at entry into Tanner stages in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre longitudinal study including 212 perinatally HIV-1-infected children (107 girls and 105 boys) followed-up during puberty (from 8 and 9 years onwards in girls and boys, respectively). Healthy children (843 girls and 821 boys) provided reference percentiles. P2 or B2 stages in girls and P2 or G2 stages in boys defined onset of puberty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cumulative probability [95% confidence limit (CI)] of entry into each stage at different ages was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method; differences were evaluated by log rank test. Relationships were tested using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ages of girls [years (95%CI)] at P2 [12.9 (12.6-13.2)], P3 [13.4 (13.0-13.8)], P4 [14.6 (14.0-15.2)], B2 [12.7 (12.2-13.2)], B3 [13.3 (12.8-14.0)] and B4 [14.6 (14.0-15.2)] stages were > 97th percentile (> or = 21 month delay) of controls. Ages of boys [years (95%CI)] at P2 [12.6 (12.1-13.1)], P3 [13.9 (13.4-14.4)], P4 [14.9 (14.2-15.6)], G2 [12.1 (11.5-12.7)], G3 [13.6 (13.1-14.1)] and G4 [14.9 (14.1-15.7)] stages were at the 75-97th percentiles (< or = 15 month delay). Age at onset of puberty was not related to clinical and immunological condition, antiretroviral treatment, weigh for height and age at onset of severe disease or immune suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perinatal HIV-1 infection interferes with sexual maturation. The mechanisms by which this occurs should be elucidated and intervention strategies designed. Intervention could save much psychological distress, since associated linear growth failure can exacerbate adolescents' feelings of being different and unwell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Martino
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tovo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gabiano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappa
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gattinara
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bassetti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giacomet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiappini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garetto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caselli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents