title: Protein kinase B phosphorylates AHNAK and regulates its subcellular localization.
abstract: AHNAK is a ubiquitously expressed giant phosphoprotein that was initially identified as a gene product subject to transcriptional repression in neuroblastoma. AHNAK is predominantly nuclear in cells of nonepithelial origin, but is cytoplasmic or associated with plasma membrane in epithelial cells. In this study we show that the extranuclear localization of AHNAK in epithelial cells depends on the formation of cell-cell contacts. We show that AHNAK is a phosphorylation substrate of protein kinase B (PKB) in vitro and in vivo. Nuclear exclusion of AHNAK is mediated through a nuclear export signal (NES) in a manner that depends on the phosphorylation of serine 5535 of AHNAK by PKB, a process that also plays a major role in determining extranuclear localization of AHNAK. AHNAK is a new PKB substrate whose function, though unknown, is likely to be regulated by its localization, which is in turn regulated by PKB.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stokoe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ossina
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shtivelman
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002452:Cell Count; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C075176:AHNAK protein, human; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009025:Morpholines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt