title: The barriers to effective management of heart failure in general practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown that most patients with heart failure are not investigated and treated according to published guidelines. More effective management could reduce both mortality and morbidity from heart failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the reasons for gaps between recommended and actual management of heart failure in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nominal group technique was used to elicit general practitioners' (GPs') perceptions of the reasons for differences between observed and recommended practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten Medical Research Council General Practice Framework practices in the North Thames region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on the investigation and treatment of heart failure in the 10 participating practices and presented to 49 GPs and 10 practice nurses from those practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 674 patients requiring echocardiograms, 226 were referred for echocardiography (34%), and 183/391 (47%) with probable heart failure were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A wide variety of barriers were elicited. The main barrier to the use of echocardiograms in the diagnosis of heart failure was lack of open access. The main barrier to the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in treating heart failure was GPs' concerns about their possible adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The barriers to the effective management of heart failure in general practice are complex. We recommend further research to establish whether multifaceted intervention programmes based on our findings can improve the management of heart failure in primary care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Archway Resource Centre, Holborn Union Building, Highgate Hill, London N19 3UA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hickling
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nazareth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors