title: [Auto-antibody profile and breast feeding in type 1 diabetic patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Islet cell-specific autoantibodies such as islet cell antibody (ICA), antiinsulin (IAA), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and anti-tyrosine phosphatase (IA2) can be present in patients with type I diabetes. Breast feeding duration and the early exposure to milk substitutes are environmental factors associated to etiology of type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the frequency of the anti-GAD, anti-IA-2 e ICA antibodies in Chilean type 1 diabetic patients and determine the possible modulator effect of the breast feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty four type 1 diabetic patients, aged one to 15 years old, were studied at the moment of their diagnosis. Patients were classified according to the duration of exclusive breast feeding. IA-2 and GAD were determined by radio immuno assay and ICA by means of indirect immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with three months or less and those with more than three months of breast feeding were positive for ICA in 78.8 and 90.6% of cases respectively, for GAD in 75 and 54.6% of cases respectively (p = 0.024) and for IA-2 in 73 and 43.8% of cases respectively (p = 0.001). All three antibodies were positive in 53.9 and 21.8% of children with less or more than three months of breast feeding (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both IA-2 and GAD antibodies are less frequently positive in type 1 diabetic patients who have been breast fed for more than three months. These findings suggest a possible attenuating role of exclusive breast feeding on pancreatic aggression events in patients with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Nutrición Pública, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Casilla 138-11 Santiago, Chile. fperez@uec.inta.uchile.cl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Bravo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riesco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oyarzún
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrasco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C024211:islet cell antibody; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase
vernacular_title: Perfil de auto-anticuerpos y lactancia materna en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1.