title: Collagen, human collagen, and fat: the search for a three-dimensional soft tissue filler.
abstract: As the body ages, not only are the soft tissues of the face subject to gravity but they also may undergo progressive atrophy. Suspensory procedures may return the tissues to a more youthful position, but the atrophic changes are left uncorrected and produce an aged appearance. Three-dimensional (3-D) soft tissue fillers ideally would replace the bulk that was lost. Safety, persistence, and verisimilitude to the native tissues should be optimal in useful 3-D fillers. To date, no such material has been described, but there has been a resurgence in natural materials for this purpose. This article serves as an update on human-derived soft tissue fillers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 310 East 14th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sclafani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Romo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation
chemical_list: C095474:Autologen; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C048470:glutaraldehyde-cross-linked collagen; D003094:Collagen