title: Fundus changes corresponding to visual field defects after vitrectomy for macular hole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visual field defects are one of the complications of macular hole surgery, and mechanical retinal damage induced by infusion air is a proposed causative factor of this complication. In this study, we examined the fundus to see whether the changes observed corresponded to postoperative visual field defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen eyes of 17 patients who had postoperative visual field defects after vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fundus was examined by ophthalmoscopy and by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fundus changes corresponding to postoperative visual field defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eight eyes, detectable fundus changes were observed, including regional mottling and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium, filling delay of the choroidal circulation, subretinal fibrosis, and epiretinal membrane formation. These findings corresponded exactly to the visual field defects observed. Although the visual field defects had been detected shortly after surgery, fundus changes were detected, on average, more than 8 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fundus changes become apparent after surgery, and they are progressive. Therefore, it is important to examine eyes with visual field defects for a follow-up period of several years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yonemura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasumura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Negi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green