title: p21/waf1/cip1 in gastric cancer: associations with histopathological subtypes, lymphonodal metastasis, prognosis and p53 status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are determining factors of the cell cycle. In the present study, we investigated the role of p21 and p53 in the biology of gastric cancer, focusing on its influence on progression and prognosis (n = 195).
  
  
  METHODS
  P21 and p53 immunoreactivity was analysed immunohistochemically, applying monoclonal antibodies. The p53 status was comparatively evaluated by PCR-SSCP analysis of p53 mutations in selected tumours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight percent of the carcinomas were p21+ in more than 5% of the cancer cell nuclei, whereas 19% exhibited a p21 immunoreactivity in more than 20% of the nuclei. On the other hand, p53 was over-expressed (in more than 50% of the nuclei) in about 45% of the specimens. P21 immunoreactivity in more than 5% of the nuclei was inversely related to the pN as well as pTNM cancer stage, whereas only a strong p21 expression (in >20% of the nuclei) was correlated with a better survival probability in a univariate analysis. The p53 status was associated with lymphonodal metastasis, but not with prognostic data. In multivariate survival analyses, neither p21 nor p53 emerged as independent prognostic factors. Compared with the results of p53 mutation analysis by PCR-SSCP. p21 immunoreactivity was reduced in p53-mutated cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These features show an association of p21 over-expression with certain clinico-pathological parameters of gastric cancer. In this context, our data suggest that p21 immunoreactivity in more than 5% of the tumour cells has a predictive value for the course of adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany. s-e.baldus@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baldus
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mönig
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Zirbes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glossmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schüler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hölscher
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Dienes
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53