title: Angiotensin II activates Akt/protein kinase B by an arachidonic acid/redox-dependent pathway and independent of phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
abstract: Angiotensin II (Ang II) exerts contractile and trophic effects in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). One potential downstream target of Ang II is the protein kinase Akt/protein kinase B (PKB). We investigated the effect of Ang II on Akt/PKB activity in MCs. Ang II causes rapid activation of Akt/PKB (5-10 min) but delayed activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) (30 min). Activation of Akt/PKB by Ang II was not abrogated by the PI3-K inhibitors or by the introduction of a dominant negative PI3-K, indicating that in MCs, PI3-K is not an upstream mediator of Akt/PKB activation by Ang II. Incubation of MCs with phospholipase A2 inhibitors also blocked Akt/PKB activation by Ang II. AA mimicked the effect of Ang II. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-, lipoxyogenase-, and cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism did not influence AA-induced Akt/PKB activation. However, the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and diphenylene iodonium inhibited both AA- and Ang II-induced Akt/PKB activation. Dominant negative mutant of Akt/PKB or antioxidants, but not the dominant negative form of PI3-K, inhibited Ang II-induced protein synthesis and cell hypertrophy. These data provide the first evidence that Ang II induces protein synthesis and hypertrophy in MCs through AA/redox-dependent pathway and Akt/PKB activation independent of PI3-K.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gorin
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feliers
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Abboud
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat