title: General outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease associated with fish and shellfish, England and Wales, 1992-1999.
abstract: Between 1992 and 1999 1425 foodborne general outbreaks of Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID) were reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Of these, 148 (10%) were associated with the consumption of fish and shellfish. Three main aetiologies were identified. Outbreaks associated with fish (47%) occurred more frequently in the summer months, and were linked with Scombrotoxic fish poisoning caused by the consumption of tuna that was improperly stored. Outbreaks associated with molluscs (36%) were associated with the consumption of oysters contaminated with viral pathogens, particularly in February. Outbreaks associated with the consumption of crustaceans (11%) often involved eating prawns that contained either salmonellas or viral pathogens. The maintenance of microbial quality from prior to capture/harvesting until the moment of consumption, based on a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point style approach, is essential if gastrointestinal illness associated with such produce is to be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Diseases Division, PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ. igillesp@phls.org.uk
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brett
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bolton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology