title: Developmental potential of elongating and elongated spermatids obtained after in-vitro maturation of isolated round spermatids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Round spermatid injections are associated with disappointing clinical outcomes, and although these cells have been shown to mature into late spermatids in vitro, the developmental potential of such gametes remains to be demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Round spermatids were isolated from 12 testicle samples of patients with obstructive azoospermia, hypoplasia, complete maturation arrest, and incomplete Sertoli cell-only syndrome. They were cultured for 7 days at 32 degrees C, 5% CO(2)in air, in microdrops of Vero cell-conditioned medium containing 10% synthetic serum substitute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 238 round spermatids cultured, 25.2% attained the elongating and 5.5% the elongated spermatid stage (3-4 days per step). Relatively higher maturation rates were found in cases with obstructive azoospermia, but differences were significant only for elongated spermatids (9.3%). No differences were found in maturation rates between cases with non-obstructive azoospermia (4.3% of elongated spermatids). Experimental microinjections with elongating and elongated spermatids revealed a low fertilization rate (40.9%) but a normal blastocyst formation rate (60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late spermatids resulting from in-vitro culture of round spermatids in conditioned medium, either in controls in cases with a spermiogenetic block, appeared able to successfully fertilize the human oocyte and elicit normal embryo development.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Bernabeu de Fertilidad y Ginecologia, Avda. de la Albufereta 31, 03016 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cremades
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernabeu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013087:Spermatids / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned