title: Traumatic stress and ways of coping of community residents exposed to a train disaster.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to examine the degree of traumatic stress and the coping strategies employed by community residents who lived on both sides of a rail track where a train collision occurred in 1996 in Stafford, UK. The hypothesis was that there would be a high level of traumatic stress and that emotion-focused coping would be the predictor to distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional survey with a retrospective design in which 66 community residents, who lived between 30 and 100 feet away from the crash site, were interviewed. The study began approximately 7 months after the disaster. The Impact of Event Scale (IES), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Ways of Coping Checklists (WOC) were administered to the residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the whole, the results did not entirely support the hypothesis. The residents were found to have experienced some intrusive thoughts and avoidance behaviour but their mean scores were significantly lower than those of standardized samples. Thirty-five per cent scored at 4 or above on the GHQ-28. Traumatic stress was predicted by both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although community residents were not on the train or related to the dead or injured in any way, they could, after being exposed to a train disaster, manifest traumatic stress symptoms which had long-lasting effects. Such traumatic stress was found to be associated with coping strategies of community residents characterized by their efforts to manage or alter the source of stress, and by their efforts to regulate stressful emotions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK. m.chung@plymouth.ac.uk
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werrett
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Easthope
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011890:Railroads; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*