title: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) may be involved in acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human cancer xenografts in vivo.
abstract: A human tumour sub-line resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was established by once a day and every 5, with at least 50 administrations of 5-FU to KM12C human colorectal xenografts in nude mice. KM12C tumours treated with 5-FU showed less sensitivity to 5-FU with an inhibition rate (IR) of 7.9%, while non-treated tumours were highly sensitive to 5-FU with an IR of 81.8%. To clarify the mechanism of 5-FU-resistance, the activities of various enzymes and gene expressions involved in the metabolism of 5-FU in both parental and 5-FU-treated KM12C tumours were measured. A 2- to 3-fold increase in thymidylate synthase (TS) activity and 4- to 5-fold decrease in ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity were observed in 5-FU-resistant KM12C tumours, while the activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) thymidine and uridine phosphorylases (TP,UP) and thymidine kinase (TK) were not markedly changed as a consequence of repeated treatment of KM12C tumours with 5-FU. The expression of TS mRNA was also amplified in accordance with the increased TS activity in a 5-FU-treated tumour sub-line (KM12C/5-FU) compared with that in parental tumours, but changed expressions of both RNR-R1 and RNA-R2 mRNA could not be detected in the 5-FU-resistant tumour sub-line compared with the parental tumours, suggesting possible post-transcriptional regulation of RNR. Moreover, RNR, in addition to TS and OPRT, seemed to be related to the inherent insensitivity to 5-FU in human cancer xenografts. From these results, it may be concluded that RNR activity is one of the acquired or inherent resistant factors, including TS, to 5-FU in human cancer xenografts in vivo.
authors.affiliation: The Second Cancer Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-27 Misugidai, Hanno, Saitama 357-8527, Japan. fukusima@taiho.co.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takechi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D005472:Fluorouracil