title: Glucocorticoid effects on Fos immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase histochemical staining following spinal cord injury.
abstract: Glucocorticoids (GC) provide neuroprotection and early recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). While several mechanisms were proposed to account for these effects, limited information exists regarding GC actions in sensory areas of the spinal cord. Presently, we studied the time course of Fos expression, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical staining to monitor neuronal responses to SCI with or without GC treatment. Rats with sham-operation or transection at the thoracic level (T7-T8) received vehicle or 5 mg/kg of the GC dexamethasone (DEX) at 5 min post-lesion and were sacrificed 2 or 4 h after surgery. Another group of SCI rats received vehicle or intensive DEX treatment (5 min, 6 h, 18 h and 46 h post-lesion) and were sacrificed 48 h after surgery. The number of NADPH-d positive neurons or Fos immunoreactive nuclei was studied by computer-assisted image analysis in superficial dorsal horn (Laminae I-III) and central canal area (Lamina X) below the lesion. While constitutive Fos immunoreactive nuclei were sparse in controls, SCI increased Fos expression at 2 and 4 h after injury. DEX treatment significantly enhanced the number of Fos positive nuclei in Laminae I-III by 4 h after transection, although the response was not maintained by intensive steroid treatment when tested at 48 h after SCI. NADPH-d positive neurons in Laminae I-III increased at 2 and 4 h after SCI while a delayed increased was found in central canal area (Lamina X). DEX treatment decreased NADPH-d positive neurons to sham-operated levels at all time points examined. Thus, while GC stimulation of Fos suggests activation of neurons involved in sympathetic outflow and/or pain, down-regulation of NADPH-d indicates attenuation of nociceptive outflow, considering the role of enzyme-derived nitric oxide in pain-related mechanisms. Differential hormonal effects on these molecules agree with their localization in different cell populations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Obligado 2490, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Labombarda
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Deniselle
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Saravia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roig
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: De Nicola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013376:Substantia Gelatinosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase