title: Effects of blood-processing protocols on fetal and total DNA quantification in maternal plasma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, apoptotic cells have been found in plasma obtained by centrifugation of blood from pregnant women, raising the question of what constitutes plasma and whether plasma is truly cell free. We compared the effects of different blood-processing protocols on the quantification, DNA composition, and day-to-day fluctuation of fetal and total DNA in maternal plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from healthy pregnant women. The blood sample from each individual was simultaneously processed by different means, including the following: Percoll separation, centrifugation, microcentrifugation, and filtration. The resulting plasma aliquots were subjected to real-time quantitative amplification of the beta-globin (for total DNA) and SRY (for fetal DNA) genes. The differences in the beta-globin and SRY DNA concentrations and the degree of variation between the various plasma aliquots were assessed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different protocols of blood processing significantly affected the quantification and the day-to-day fluctuation of total (P <0.001), but not fetal (quantification, P = 0.336; fluctuation, P = 0.206), DNA in maternal plasma. The quantitative difference could be attributed to the fact that efficacies of different protocols for generating cell-free plasma vary. Processing blood samples by centrifugation followed by filtration or microcentrifugation is effective in producing cell-free plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standardization in plasma-processing protocols is needed for maternal plasma DNA analysis, especially for quantification of total DNA in maternal plasma. Such preanalytic factors may also affect other applications of plasma DNA analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA