title: Update on endothelins - biology and clinical implications.
abstract: In the decade since the initial discovery and characterization of endothelin, its biology as a powerful vasoconstrictor has been dramatically demonstrated. Studies have clarified the existence of endothelin isoforms, complex mechanisms of biosynthesis, interaction with specific receptors, and pathogenic implications. We are on the brink of using endothelin antagonism as a clinical treatment for disease processes where endothelin plays an important role, including congestive heart failure and hypertension. Novel observations have been made about the unexpectedly profound contribution endothelins make to normal fetal maturation, especially in cardiac and enteric development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2584, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hunley
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D016232:Endothelins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000502:physiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin