title: Symptom reduction and suicide risk among patients treated with placebo in antipsychotic clinical trials: an analysis of the food and drug administration database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The assumption that psychotic patients assigned to placebo in clinical trials of antipsychotics are exposed to substantial morbidity and mortality is not based on data about what actually happens to such patients. This study assesses symptoms and risks of suicide and suicide attempts in psychotic patients assigned to receive placebo in clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used the Food and Drug Administration database to assess suicides, suicide attempts, and psychotic symptom reduction in clinical trials of three new antipsychotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 10,118 participating patients, 26 committed suicide and 51 attempted suicide. Rates of suicide and attempted suicide did not differ significantly between the placebo-treated and the drug-treated groups. Annual rates of suicide and attempted suicide based on patient exposure years were 1.8% and 3.3%, respectively, with placebo; 0.9% and 5.7% with an established antipsychotic; and 0.7% and 5.0% with a new antipsychotic. Symptom reduction was 16.6% with new antipsychotics (N=1,203), 17.3% with established antipsychotics (N=261), and 1.1% with placebo (N=462).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data may help inform discussions about the use of placebo in antipsychotic clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Clinical Research Center, Bellevue, Wash., USA. arif@accessone.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019992:Databases as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D012307:Risk Factors; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D010919:Placebos; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D010890:Pirenzepine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine