title: Agricultural use of organophosphate pesticides and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among male farmers (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data from three population-based case-control studies conducted in Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Minnesota were pooled to evaluate the relationship between the use of organophosphate pesticides and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) among white male farmers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data set included 748 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 2236 population-based controls. Telephone or in-person interviews were utilized to obtain information on the use of pesticides. Odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age, state of residence, and respondent status, as well as other pesticide use where appropriate, were estimated by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of organophosphate pesticides was associated with a statistically significant 50% increased risk of NHL, but direct interviews showed a significantly lower risk (OR = 1.2) than proxy interviews (OR = 3.0). Among direct interviews the risk of small lymphocytic lymphoma increased with diazinon use (OR = 2.8), after adjustment for other pesticide exposures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we found associations between the risk of NHL and several groupings and specific organophosphate pesticides, larger risks from proxy respondents complicate interpretation. Associations, however, between reported use of diazinon and NHL, particularly diffuse and small lymphocytic lymphoma, among subjects providing direct interviews are not easily discounted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zahm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baris
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Weisenburger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Burmeister
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blair
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003976:Diazinon / Q000506:poisoning; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D003976:Diazinon