title: Coagulation factor activity during neonatal extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the activity of major coagulation factors during the first 24 h of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) used to support hypoxaemic neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study in a regional centre for ECMO and paediatric cardiac surgery, placing 15-20 neonates on ECMO per year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten neonates receiving ECMO for severe hypoxaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activity of major clotting factors, of the inhibitor anti-thrombin III and of markers of blood activation were measured during the first 24 h of neonatal extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and prior to initiation of ECMO. There was laboratory evidence of factor deficiency and of activation of coagulation at all stages. The initiation of ECMO leads to an initial worsening of coagulopathy, but factor deficiency and abnormal activation of coagulation is also seen prior to ECMO in these very sick neonates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If factor deficiency is to be avoided a pro-active approach is required to rapidly correct factor activity. This would include the use of fresh frozen plasma. The effect of such an approach on outcome is at yet uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Alder Hey (Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital), Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK. p.d.arnold@ukonline.co.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haynes
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors