title: Gene transfer of the JNK interacting protein-1 protects dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that apoptosis may be the underlying cell death mechanism in the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Because the inhibition of caspases provides only partial protection in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP/MPP(+)) model of Parkinson's disease, we investigated the role of the proapoptotic c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in mice in vivo. MPTP/MPP(+) led to the sequential phosphorylation and activation of JNK kinase (MKK4), JNK, and c-Jun, the activation of caspases, and apoptosis. In mice, adenoviral gene transfer of the JNK binding domain of JNK-interacting protein-1 (a scaffold protein and inhibitor of JNK) inhibited this cascade downstream of MKK4 phosphorylation, blocked JNK, c-Jun, and caspase activation, the death of dopaminergic neurons, and the loss of catecholamines in the striatum. Furthermore, the gene transfer resulted in behavioral benefit. Therefore, inhibition of the JNK pathway offers a new treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease that blocks the death signaling pathway upstream of the execution of apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons, providing a therapeutic advantage over the direct inhibition of caspases.
authors.affiliation: Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Medical School, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: X G
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bieneman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Uney
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C490666:MAPK8IP1 protein, human; C490665:Mapk8ip protein, mouse; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; C482559:MAP2K4 protein, human; C482562:Map2k4 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020169:Caspases; D004298:Dopamine