title: Validation of a test for dams carrying foetuses persistently infected with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus based on determination of antibody levels in late pregnancy.
abstract: Our objective was to estimate, using a generalised linear mixed-model approach, the sensitivity and specificity of an indirect ELISA when used to identify dams pregnant with persistently bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (BVDV)-infected foetuses. Cows that had been tested for antibodies to BVDV with a positive result during their pregnancy and where the offspring had been tested for both antibody and virus were identified by accessing the Swedish BVD database and the official pedigree records. The resulting data set consisted of 2162 cow-calf pairs in 126 herds, of which 281 included virus-positive calves. The sensitivities and specificities at 12 different decision thresholds (corresponding to optical densities (ODs) between 0.5 and 1.6) were estimated using generalised linear mixed models (binomial error, logit link), in which the gold standard (the BVDV status of the calf) was included as a covariate. In each model, the dependent variable was the dichotomous test result at the decision threshold in question. There was a significant positive interaction between the calf's status and gestational stage in all 12 models--indicating that the sensitivity and specificity at any given decision threshold was improved when the the test was performed later in pregnancy. The test should be applied only when samples have been taken in late gestation--not before the seventh month in pregnancy. If applied during the last months of pregnancy, the point estimate of the sensitivity ranges between 0.94 and 1.0 as the decision threshold is moved from 1.0 and downwards to 0.7. Similarly, the specificity ranges between 0.39 and 0.67 as the decision threshold is moved from 0.8 and upwards to 1.1.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Dairy Association, Research and Development, P.O. Box 7019, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ann.lindberg@svenskmjolk.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alenius
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Emanuelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016015:Logistic Models; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral