title: Voices from the field: providers discuss HIV counseling and testing programs for drug users.
abstract: The use of illicit drugs plays a critical role in the spread of HIV, with approximately one-half of all new HIV infections in the United States attributed to this mode of transmission. There is a renewed emphasis on developing special HIV counseling and testing (C&T) programs for drug users. We conducted a qualitative study of C&T providers to identify client-centered and structural barriers to providing HIV C&T to high-risk drug users. Interviews focused on obtaining a detailed description of the services; successful and problematic forms of organization, financing, and service delivery; client access and barriers to C&T services; recommendations for increasing C&T accessibility and utilization by drug users; and linkages between C&T and other HIV-prevention and intervention services. The results of our interviews illustrate that it is tremendously complex and challenging work to provide C&T to populations with multiple and immediate needs within a context of layered constraints on individual behavior, provider resources, and service delivery. Providers clearly understand client-centered and structural barriers and have demonstrated a commitment to overcoming the barriers related to AIDS stigma, confidentiality, material needs, and fear when delivering HIV C&T services.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Institute, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Downing
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mulia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vernon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferreboeuf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003219:Confidentiality; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders