Ambient ozone exposure is associated with eosinophil activation in healthy children.
BACKGROUND
Eosinophil activation is characteristic for allergic airways disease. However, eosinophilic airways inflammation has also been observed subsequent to ambient ozone exposure.


METHODS
For a population sample of 877 children living at nine sites with different ozone exposure we measured urinary eosinophil protein X (U-EPX) as a marker of eosinophil activation. U-EPX was determined from a single spot urine sample during autumn 1997. Children were participants in a longitudinal study of ozone effects on lung function.


RESULTS
The 5-95% percentiles of ozone exposure (30-day mean before test) were 11.8-51.5 p.p.b. (mean: 31.6 ppb). U-EPX was measured by radioimmunoassay and expressed as ratio to urinary creatinine (microg EPX/mmol creatinine). Log transformation was performed to achieve a normal distribution. LogU-EPX was associated with gender, a diagnosis of asthma and atopy (skin test sensitivity to any of seven aeroallergens). LogU-EPX increased with ozone exposure for all children. The medians of LogU-EPX according to the first-fourth quartiles of ozone exposure were: 1.82, 1.88, 1.95 and 2.03. For 172 non-asthmatic children who had spent the whole summer at their site corresponding figures were 1.57, 1.78, 2.07 and 2.13. In a multivariate model with logU-EPX being the dependent variable and adjusted for gender, site and atopy, ozone was found to be significant (estimate: 0.007 microg/mmol creatinine per ppb ozone; SE:0.02; P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our observation supports the hypothesis that ozone in healthy children is associated with eosinophil inflammation, most likely in the airways.
Frischer
T
T
University Children's Hospital Vienna, Austria.
Studnicka
M
M
Halmerbauer
G
G
Horak
F
F
Gartner
C
C
Tauber
E
E
Koller
D Y
DY
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000652:urine
D000393:Air Pollutants; D010126:Ozone; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D012260:Ribonucleases