title: Methods for developmental studies of fear conditioning circuitry.
abstract: Psychophysiologic studies use air puff as an aversive stimulus to document abnormal fear conditioning in children of parents with anxiety disorders. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine changes in amygdala activity during air-puff conditioning among adults. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal was monitored in seven adults during 16 alternating presentations of two different colored lights (CS+ vs. CS-), one of which was consistently paired with an aversive air puff. A region-of-interest analysis demonstrated differential change in BOLD signal in the right but not left amygdala across CS+ versus CS- viewing. The amygdala is engaged by pairing of a light with an air puff. Given that prior studies relate air-puff conditioning to risk for anxiety in children, these methods may provide an avenue for directly studying the developmental neurobiology of fear conditioning.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0135, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fyer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grun
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Szeszko
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ardekani
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bilder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen