TGF-beta signalling pathways in early Xenopus development.
Many different ligands of the TGF-beta superfamily signal in the early Xenopus embryo and are required for the specification and patterning of the three germ layers as well as for gastrulation. Recent advances in the field are helping us understand how ligand activity is regulated both spatially and temporally, the mechanism by which the signals are transduced to the nucleus and how essentially the same signalling pathway can activate completely different sets of genes in different regions of the embryo.
Hill
C S
CS
Laboratory of Developmental Signalling, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, WC2A 3PX, London, UK. c.hill@icrf.icnet.uk
D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008024:Ligands; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta