title: Gastric intestinal metaplasia: subtypes and natural history.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that the subtyping of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach is useful in stratifying patients with regard to risk of developing gastric cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether subtyping intestinal metaplasia provided useful information regarding the natural history of intestinal metaplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used large cup gastric biopsy specimens from predetermined locations (gastric mapping). Follow up biopsies were obtained at one, two, and/or nine years. Biopsies with intestinal metaplasia were stained with high iron diamine/Alcian blue (HID/AB) to determine whether they expressed neutral mucins, sialomucins, or sulphomucins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy nine patients with intestinal metaplasia were studied and characterised with regard to the most advanced subtype of intestinal metaplasia. The most severe type of intestinal metaplasia was type II in 33 patients and type III in 34 patients. Helicobacter pylori was cured in 67 patients. Follow up showed that changes in type of metaplasia (apparent regression or progression) occurred in both directions and were independent of H pylori status. For example, biopsy sites with "loss" of metaplasia at a follow up visit might have it "reappear" at a subsequent visit. During follow up, no patient developed gastric dysplasia or died from gastric cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HID subtyping did not provide useful information to the clinician or the pathologist. The data are consistent with the notion that the pattern, extent, and severity of atrophy with/without intestinal metaplasia is a far more important predictor of increased cancer risk than intestinal metaplasia subtype.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Mucosa Pathology Laboratory, VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. hzimaity@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El-Zimaity
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramchatesingh
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; C055829:high iron diamine-alcian blue