title: Critical illness polyneuropathy: risk factors and clinical consequences. A cohort study in septic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors and clinical consequences of critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) evaluated by the impact on duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Septic patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation and without previous history of polyneuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent two scheduled electrophysiologic studies (EPS): on the 10th and 21st days after the onset of mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two patients were enrolled, although nine of them were not analyzed. Forty-six of the 73 patients presented CIP on the first EPS and 4 other subjects were diagnosed with CIP on the second evaluation. The APACHE II scores of patients with and without CIP were similar on admission and on the day of the first EPS. However, days of mechanical ventilation [32.3 (21.1) versus 18.5 (5.8); p=0.002], length of ICU and hospital stay in patients discharged alive from the ICU as well as in-hospital mortality were greater in patients with CIP (42/50, 84% versus 13/23, 56.5%; p=0.01). After multivariate analysis, independent risk factors were hyperosmolality [odds ratio (OR) 4.8; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.05-24.38; p=0.046], parenteral nutrition (OR 5.11; 95% CI 1.14-22.88; p=0.02), use of neuromuscular blocking agents (OR 16.32; 95% CI 1.34-199; p=0.0008) and neurologic failure (GCS below 10) (OR 24.02; 95% CI 3.68-156.7; p<0.001), while patients with renal replacement therapy had a lower risk for CIP development (OR 0.02; 95% CI 0.05-0.15; p<0.001). By multivariate analysis, CIP (OR 7.11; 95% CI 1.54-32.75; p<0.007), age over 60 years (OR 9.07; 95% CI 2.02-40.68; p<0.002) and the worst renal SOFA (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.27-3.74; p<0.002) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIP is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. Hyperosmolality, parenteral nutrition, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers and neurologic failure can favor CIP development.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain. jgmrji@arrakis.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garnacho-Montero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madrazo-Osuna
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García-Garmendia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Leyba
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Jiménez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barrero-Almodóvar
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Garnacho-Montero
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moyano-Del-Estad
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D011115:Polyneuropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric