title: Risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to family history of haematolymphoproliferative malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aetiological profiles of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) may differ depending upon whether the disease is inheritance-related or sporadic. Because familial risk (a probable surrogate of inheritance-relatedness) of NHL is influenced by haematolymphoproliferative malignancies (HLPM), we evaluated whether non-familial risk factors differ between NHL with and without a family history of HLPM, using the Selected Cancers Study data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were 1511 men aged 31-59 and diagnosed with NHL during 1984-1988. Controls were men without NHL, frequency-matched to cases by age range and cancer registry (n = 1910). These groups were compared: cases with a family history of HLPM and without, and controls without such a family history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polytomous logistic regression analyses showed that the odds ratio (OR) estimates of homosexual behaviour were 18.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) : 4.8-69.4) and 5.6 (95% CI : 3.3-9.5) for NHL with and without a family history of HLPM, respectively. The corresponding estimates were 3.9 (95% CI : 1.7-8.9) and 2.2 (95% CI : 1.5-3.1) for history of enlarged lymph nodes. Variables only related to NHL with a family history were use of heroin (OR = 15.6, 95% CI : 3.4-70.4), exposure to a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide (OR = 2.3, 95% CI : 1.0-5.0), occupational exposure to plywood, fibreboard or particleboard (OR = 2.0, 95% CI : 1.2-3.4) and history of liver diseases (other than hepatitis or cirrhosis) (OR = 6.5, 95% CI : 1.2-36.2). The association between homosexual behaviour and NHL among men with a family history was stronger for those aged 31-44, especially for B-cell type of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests differences in the risk factor profiles between NHL with and without a family history of HLPM. The higher risks of NHL for homosexual behaviour and heroin use, surrogates of HIV infection, in men with a family history of HLPM imply that genetic susceptibility may be influential on the occurrence of HIV-related NHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0855, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Brann
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000235:genetics*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors