title: Molecular cloning, expression and modelling of cat allergen, cystatin (Fel d 3), a cysteine protease inhibitor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cats are an important source of indoor allergens. However, only two cat allergens, Fel d 1 and albumin, have been cloned and sequenced. IgE antibodies to Fel d 1 and albumin do not fully account for IgE responses to cat and there is good immunochemical evidence that cats produce other allergens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify and define the molecular structure of the other potential cat allergens.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cat skin cDNA library was screened using pooled serum obtained from five asthmatic patients which contained high levels of IgE antibody to cat dander. Selected cDNA clones were screened by plaque immunoassay and one cDNA clone, encoding cystatin, was expressed in E. coli. The three dimensional structure of cat cystatin was modelled using the SWISS-MODEL computer program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three positive cDNA clones (A, B and C) were identified, two of which were fully sequenced. Clones A and C encoded the same 98 amino acid residue sequence which showed 79% and 75% homology with bovine and human cystatin A, respectively. The cat cystatin sequence contained the conserved cysteine protease inhibitor signature and two of three lipocalin motifs. By plaque immunoassay, 60-90% of cat allergic sera had IgE ab to the expressed cystatin clones. The cysteine protease inhibitor motif was also partially conserved in dog allergen sequences, Can f 1 and Can f 2, which are lipocalins. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli as an 11-kDa protein, corresponding to the predicted MW of cat cystatin. The three-dimensional structure of cat cystatin was modelled on human cystatin structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A newly identified allergen, cystatin (Fel d 3), has been cloned from cat skin and is a member of the cysteine protease inhibitor family.
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Vailes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pomés
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D001483:Base Sequence; D002415:Cats / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D015891:Cystatins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D004285:Dogs; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D015891:Cystatins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; C436956:Fel d 3 allergen