title: Functional mapping of ultraviolet photosensitivity during metamorphic transitions in a salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
abstract: Ultraviolet visual sensitivity appears to be reduced and, possibly, lost during smoltification in anadromous populations of salmonid fishes. Similar changes occur in non-anadromous salmonids over a mass range that is associated with smoltification in their anadromous conspecifics. However, in sexually mature adult salmonids, ultraviolet-sensitive cones are present in the dorso-temporal retina, suggesting that ultraviolet sensitivity (i) may be regained with sexual maturity or (ii) might never be completely lost. Both smoltification and the transition to sexual maturity are regulated, in part, by the hormone thyroxine. Thyroxine treatment of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss results in precocial developmental changes that mimic smoltification, including a reduction of ultraviolet sensitivity. However, whether loss of ultraviolet sensitivity in O. mykiss or in other species of salmonids is complete during normal development (or in response to thyroxine treatment) is unclear. In the present study, we have 'mapped' topographically ultraviolet photosensitivity during natural and hormone-induced smoltification. Thyroxine-treated O. mykiss juveniles and anadromous steelhead O. mykiss smolts were examined for ultraviolet visual sensitivity by recording compound action potentials from the optic nerve. By selectively illuminating either the dorsal or the ventral retina, we have shown that the reduction of ultraviolet sensitivity occurs primarily in the ventral retina in both groups of fish. Ultraviolet sensitivity remains intact in the dorsal retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Deutschlander
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Haimberger
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hawryshyn
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000254:growth & development*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine