title: Tail-docking alters fly numbers, fly-avoidance behaviors, and cleanliness, but not physiological measures.
abstract: Tail docking is an animal well-being issue not only regarding the docking procedures but also because of concerns during fly season. To address the latter question, we selected eight cows that had been tail-docked in a previous experiment and eight nondocked cows matched by stage of lactation. Physiological, immunological, and behavioral measures were used to evaluate the well being of those cows housed in a tie-stall barn during fly season for 5 consecutive days. Behavior was observed for 5-min interval instantaneous scan samples for 1 h each at 0800, 1200, and 1600 h. Flies were counted before behavior observations. Blood samples were taken daily for plasma and leukocyte separation. Cows were scored on d 5 for cleanliness on a five-point scale. Docked cows were cleaner, but fly counts of docked cows were greater for total fly counts and rear leg counts. However, counts were not different on front legs. Time of day was significant, so each time of day was analyzed separately. Docked cows were observed to exhibit fewer tail swings at 0800 h, but docked cows tended to ruminate more at that time. Docked cows tended to stand less at the 1200 h observation. Total fly-avoidance behaviors were greater for all cows at the 1600-h observation. Only tail swings tended to be more frequent with docked cows, but foot stomps occurred only in the docked cows. Lymphocyte phenotypes, acute-phase proteins, and immunoglobulin concentrations did not differ. In conclusion, although docked cows were cleaner, as the fly numbers increase throughout the day, fly-avoidance behaviors also increased and foot stomping appeared as an alternative method for fly avoidance by docked cows.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. spruiett@purdue.edu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Eicher
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Morrow-Tesch
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004175:Diptera; D005260:Female; D006920:Hygiene; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D013623:Tail / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins