title: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although widely used for more than 85 years, the efficacy of radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) has not been established convincingly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for GO.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, internally controlled, double-blind clinical trial in a tertiary care academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were ethnically diverse males and females over age 30 seen in a referral practice. The patients had moderate, symptomatic Graves' ophthalmopathy (mean clinical activity score, 6.2) but no optic neuropathy, diabetes, recent steroid treatment, previous decompression, or muscle surgery. Forty-two of 53 consecutive patients were enrolled after giving informed consent and fulfilling study entry criteria. Eleven eligible patients declined to participate because of inconvenience, desire for alternative therapy, or concern about radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One randomly selected orbit was treated with 20 Gy of external beam therapy; sham therapy was given to the other side. Six months later, the therapies were reversed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Every 3 months for 1 year, we measured the volume of extraocular muscle and fat, proptosis, range of extraocular muscle motion, area of diplopia fields, and lid fissure width. Effective treatment for GO will modify one or more of these parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No clinically or statistically significant difference between the treated and untreated orbit was observed in any of the main outcome measures at 6 months. At 12 months, muscle volume and proptosis improved slightly more in the orbit that was treated first.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group of patients, representative of those for whom radiotherapy is frequently recommended, we were unable to demonstrate any beneficial therapeutic effect. The slight improvement noted in both orbits at 12 months may be the result of natural remission or of radiotherapy, but the changes are of marginal clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. colum@mayo.edu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garrity
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fatourechi
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Earle
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bergstralh
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Offord
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rademacher
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bartley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome