title: Change in levator veli palatini muscle activity of normal speakers in association with elevation of the velum using an experimental palatal lift prosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine whether mechanical elevation of the velum can directly affect the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) activity using normal speakers as subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each subject was instructed to produce /mu/, /u/, /pu/, /su/, and /tsu/ in a speech task and to blow with maximum possible effort. Smoothed electromyographic activity of the LVP was recorded with an experimental palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) both in place and removed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four normal speakers were used as subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LVP activity for all tasks was significantly smaller (p <.001; Student's t test) with the PLP in place than without the PLP for all subjects. An analysis of variance (p <.001) clarified that activity ranges of the LVP were significantly different between the removal and placement conditions for all the subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result was similar to that previously obtained for patients with velopharyngeal incompetence wearing a PLP. It is possible that the decrease in the LVP activity in association with placement of a PLP is caused by the direct effect of mechanical elevation, which decreases the distance the velopharyngeal mechanisms must travel for complete closure of the velopharynx.
authors.affiliation: Division for Oral and Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan. tatimura@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nohara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000502:physiology*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D010700:Phonetics; D011312:Pressure; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy