title: Prognostic significance of nuclear morphometry in superficial bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the significance of nuclear morphometry in predicting the clinical course in superficial (pTa and pT1) bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 73 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who were followed for a median of 21 months (range, 1-90). Nuclear morphometry was performed by a computer-assisted image analyzer system on hematoxylineosin-stained histologic sections and characterized by five nuclear variables: area, perimeter, major and minor diameter, and form factor. Patient charts and microscopic slides were reviewed to record tumor stage, grade and size. Tumor proliferative activity was assessed by immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the morphometric variables showed a significant relation to tumor progression and recurrence. Higher values of mean nuclear area, perimeter, and major and minor diameter were significantly related to higher grade and proliferative activity. Mean nuclear area and minor diameter were associated with advanced stage. Of established prognostic factors, only histologic grade was significant in predicting progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that nuclear morphometry may be valuable in determining proliferative activity and may be well correlated with histologic grade in superficial bladder cancer. However, like many other potential prognostic factors, it seems to be unreliable in predicting clinical behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yörükoğlu
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Mungan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozkal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sağol
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kirkali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen