title: Cytokine modifications after tension-free hernioplasty or open conventional inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [INF-gamma], interleukin [IL]-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-l0, IL-13) in patients undergoing Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty (LH) using polypropylene prosthetic materials or conventional Bassini hernia (BH) repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five male patients (age range 25 to 60 years) with unilateral inguinal hernia without complications or recurrence were included in this study. Randomly, patients underwent conventional operation and had their inguinal hernia repair performed with polypropylene mesh. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected 24 hours prior to surgery and then 6, 24, 48, and 168 hours postoperatively. Fifteen healthy controls were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present evidence that LH patients showed both an increased serum level of Thelper 1 (Th1)-like cytokines (IFN-gamma) and an increase in Thelper 2 (Th2)-like cytokines (IL-6 and IL-l0), associated with a slight reduction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) producing IL-6 and a normal level of PBMC producing IFN-gamma, IL-l0, IL-13, and IL-4. Whereas BH patients showed in part an amplification of Th2-like cells, characterized by the sustained serum production of IL-6 and IL-l0, associated with an increase in IL-l0 secreted by in vitro stimulated PMBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that LH is associated with a higher production of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-6) compared with BH, likely induced by the presence of the polypropylene prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Surgery Department, 1st Division, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Vita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Bella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cillari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D011126:Polypropylenes; D007371:Interferon-gamma