title: On-line high-precision stable hydrogen isotopic analyses on nanoliter water samples.
abstract: We describe a new on-line chromium reduction technique for the measurement of stable hydrogen (deltaD) isotopes in waters using continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The on-line Cr reduction method has low intersample memory effects (< 1%) and excellent precision and accuracy for deltaD (+/-0.5% and was used to analyze waters samples as small as 50 nL. The on-line Cr method has a number of significant advantages over conventional offline Zn and U reduction and on-line carbon-based pyrolysis techniques. A single Cr reactor can be used to analyze approximately 1,000 water samples using an injection volume of 0.5 microL, with an individual sample analysis time of 4 min. Intersample memory effects are negligible. The Cr reactor temperature of 1050 degree C is easily attainable on standard elemental analyzers and so does not require the specialized and costly high-temperature furnaces of carbon-based pyrolysis reactors. Furthermore, hydrogen isotopes in extremely small water samples in the 100-nL range or less can be easily measured; hence, this new method opens up a number of exciting application areas in earth and environmental sciences, for example, natural abundance deltaD measurements of individual fluid inclusions in geologic materials using a laser source and measurements of body fluids in physiological and metabolic research.
authors.affiliation: Micromass UK Ltd, Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK. john.morrison@micromass.co.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brockwell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Merren
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fourel
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D012492:Salts / Q000032:analysis; D018401:Sample Size; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012914:Snow; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012492:Salts; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D014867:Water; D003903:Deuterium