title: Cataract surgery under topical anesthesia in patients with coexisting glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare levels of patient discomfort and complications during phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) under topical lidocaine hydrochloride in patients with and without various forms of chronic open-angle and chronic angle-closure glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university eye centers in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective nonrandomized comparative study comprised 176 eyes of 176 patients with various forms of chronic open-angle glaucoma and chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Eyes with cataract and without a glaucoma diagnosis or history of intraocular surgery served as a control group (n = 212). All patients received a minimum of 5 doses (2 drops per dose) of topical lidocaine hydrochloride 2% before standard temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation. No intracameral anesthetic injection was given, and no systemic sedatives were used. The main outcome measures were the number of complications and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraoperative complication rate in all patients (n = 388) was capsule tear, 1.3%; zonule tear, 1.8%; vitreous loss, 1.0%; iris prolapse, 0.8%. No statistically significant differences in intraoperative or early postoperative complications were found between the glaucoma and control groups. The mean pain scores of patients were 0.38 +/- 1.1 (SD) in the glaucoma group and 0.36 +/- 0.8 in the control group (P =.21) Patient preference for cataract surgery under topical anesthesia was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery-related complications and patient discomfort were similar in patients with and without glaucoma who had phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia. These results indicate that topical anesthesia is safe for routine phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation in patients with glaucoma and does not compromise patient comfort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Phillipp.Jacobi@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Dietlein
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Jacobi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000150:complications*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine