Histone acetylation beyond promoters: long-range acetylation patterns in the chromatin world.
Histone acetylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls transcription and diverse nuclear processes. While great progress has been made in understanding how localized acetylation and deacetylation control promoter activity, virtually nothing is known about the consequences of acetylation throughout entire chromosomal regions. An increasing number of genes have been found to reside in large chromatin domains that are controlled by regulatory elements many kilobases away. Recent studies have shown that broad histone acetylation patterns are hallmarks of chromatin domains. The purpose of this review is to discuss how such patterns are established and their implications for regulating gene expression.
Forsberg
E C
EC
Department of Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 13090 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Bresnick
E H
EH
D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019901:Locus Control Region; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D005914:Globins; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases