title: Insulin resistance induced by loop diuretics and hyperosmolarity in perfused rat liver.
abstract: Insulin-induced cell swelling was recently suggested to reflect an independent signal for metabolic insulin effects such as inhibition of hepatic proteolysis, which is transmitted at the level of autophagosome formation via p38MAPK activation [Häussinger et al., Gastroenterology 116 (1999), 921-935]. Here, the role of insulin-induced cell swelling in the overall context of insulin signalling towards proteolysis inhibition was studied in perfused rat liver. Loop diuretics and hyperosmolarity, which impair insulin-stimulated cell swelling, strongly blunt Erk-2 and p38MAPK activation as well as proteolysis inhibition by insulin, but are without effect on insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IR-beta and IRS-1. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-kinase) also block insulin-induced cell swelling, MAP kinase activation and proteolysis inhibition, but the antiproteolytic response to hypoosmolarity remains unaffected. We suggest that PI3-kinase-mediated cell swelling induced by insulin is required to amplify the insulin signal to MAP kinases and thus proteolysis regulation. The perturbation of insulin-induced cell swelling may be of pathophysiological relevance for the development of insulin resistance in clinical situations associated with hyperosmotic dehydration and loop diuretic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schliess
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Dahl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Häussinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011188:Potassium