title: Fetal and maternal sheep hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis responses to chronic binge ethanol exposure during the third trimester equivalent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that in utero ethanol exposure results in changes in fetal and maternal adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol during the third trimester equivalent, by using a chronically instrumented fetal sheep model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant ewes received saline or ethanol intravenously 3 consecutive days per week from day 109 to day 132 of gestation. Fetal and maternal blood samples were collected on days 118 and 132.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal and fetal ACTH and cortisol values increased on days 118 and 132 of gestation in response to ethanol infusions that created blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) that are easily achievable by human drinkers. Peak ACTH and cortisol values were detected 30 to 60 min after peak BECs were achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic ethanol exposure during the third trimester equivalent in sheep resulted in repeated activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in both the mother and fetus. Temporally, the patterns of maternal and fetal responses to ethanol infusion were similar. We conclude that ovine maternal ethanol exposure during the third trimester equivalent increases fetal ACTH and cortisol concentrations, hormonal responses that may play a role in mediating alcohol-related birth defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA. tcudd@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cudd
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone