title: Hematopoietic failure after hemorrhagic shock is mediated partially through mesenteric lymph.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether hemorrhagic shock-induced bone marrow failure is mediated by the gut through the production of toxic mesenteric lymph and whether shock-induced bone marrow failure could be prevented by division of the mesenteric lymphatics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University surgical research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into five groups: unmanipulated controls (n = 12), hemorrhagic shock with laparotomy (n = 8), hemorrhagic shock with mesenteric lymph duct ligation (n = 10), sham shock with laparotomy (n = 6), and sham shock with mesenteric lymph duct ligation (n = 7). At either 3 or 6 hrs after resuscitation, bone marrow was obtained for determination of early (cobblestone forming cells) and late (granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit and erythroid burst forming unit) hematopoietic progenitor cell growth. Parallel cultures were plated with plasma (1% and 2% v/v) from all groups to determine the effect of lymphatic ligation on hematopoiesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone marrow cellularity, cobblestone forming cells, granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit, and erythroid burst forming unit growth in rats subjected to hemorrhagic with lymph duct ligation were similar to those observed in sham-treated animals and significantly greater than in rats subjected to shock and laparotomy without lymphatic duct ligation. Plasma from rats subjected to shock without lymph ligation was inhibitory to hematopoietic progenitor cell growth. In contrast, this shock-induced inhibition was not observed with plasma obtained from shocked rats that underwent mesenteric lymph ligation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhagic shock suppresses bone marrow hematopoiesis as measured by a decrease in early and late progenitor cell growth. This suppression appears mediated through mesenteric lymph as the effect is abrogated by mesenteric lymph duct ligation. These data clearly demonstrate a link between the gut and bone marrow failure after hemorrhagic shock
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anjaria
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rameshwar
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Deitch
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Forsythe
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sambol
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Livingston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008026:Ligation; D008196:Lymph / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism*