title: Gravitropic responses of the Avena coleoptile in space and on clinostats. II. Is reciprocity valid?
abstract: Experiments were undertaken to determine if the reciprocity rule is valid for gravitropic responses of oat coleoptiles in the acceleration region below 1 g.  The rule predicts that the gravitropic response should be proportional to the product of the applied acceleration and the stimulation time.  Seedlings were cultivated on 1 g centrifuges and transferred to test centrifuges to apply a transverse g-stimulation.  Since responses occurred in microgravity, the uncertainties about the validity of clinostat simulation of weightlessness was avoided.  Plants at two stages of coleoptile development were tested.  Plant responses were obtained using time-lapse video recordings that were analyzed after the flight.  Stimulus intensities and durations were varied and ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 g and from 2 to 130 min, respectively.  For threshold g-doses the reciprocity rule was obeyed.  The threshold dose was of the order of 55 g s and 120 g s, respectively, for two groups of plants investigated.  Reciprocity was studied also at bending responses which are from just above the detectable level to about 10 degrees.  The validity of the rule could not be confirmed for higher g-doses, chiefly because the data were more variable.  It was investigated whether the uniformity of the overall response data increased when the gravitropic dose was defined as (gm x t) with m-values different from unity. This was not the case and the reciprocity concept is, therefore, valid also in the hypogravity region. The concept of gravitropic dose, the product of the transverse acceleration and the stimulation time, is also well-defined in the acceleration region studied. With the same hardware, tests were done on earth where responses occurred on clinostats. The results did not contradict the reciprocity rule but scatter in the data was large.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Physics/AVH, Dragvoll, Univ. of Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heathcote
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D018554:Avena / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D002498:Centrifugation; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D006112:Gravitation; D018522:Gravitropism / Q000502:physiology*; D018466:Gravity Sensing / Q000502:physiology; D018472:Hypogravity; D012399:Rotation; D013026:Space Flight; D013997:Time Factors; D014893:Weightlessness