Positive and negative TAF(II) functions that suggest a dynamic TFIID structure and elicit synergy with traps in activator-induced transcription.
Human transcription factor TFIID contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and several TBP-associated factors (TAF(II)s). To elucidate the structural organization and function of TFIID, we expressed and characterized the product of a cloned cDNA encoding human TAF(II)135 (hTAF(II)135). Comparative far Western blots have shown that hTAF(II)135 interacts strongly with hTAF(II)20, moderately with hTAF(II)150, and weakly with hTAF(II)43 and hTAF(II)250. Consistent with these observations and with sequence relationships of hTAF(II)20 and hTAF(II)135 to histones H2B and H2A, respectively, TFIID preparations that contain higher levels of hTAF(II)135 also contain higher levels of hTAF(II)20, and the interaction between hTAF(II)20 and hTAF(II)135 is critical for human TFIID assembly in vitro. From a functional standpoint, hTAF(II)135 has been found to interact strongly and directly with hTFIIA and (within a complex that also contains hTBP and hTAF(II)250) to specifically cooperate with TFIIA to relieve TAF(II)250-mediated repression of TBP binding and function on core promoters. Finally, we report a functional synergism between TAF(II)s and the TRAP/Mediator complex in activated transcription, manifested as hTAF(II)-mediated inhibition of basal transcription and a consequent TRAP requirement for both a high absolute level of activated transcription and a high and more physiological activated/basal transcription ratio. These results suggest a dynamic TFIID structure in which the switch from a basal hTAF(II)-enhanced repression state to an activator-mediated activated state on a promoter may be mediated in part through activator or coactivator interactions with hTAF(II)135.
Guermah
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Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Tao
Y
Y
Roeder
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RG
D015153:Blotting, Western; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D035561:Transcription Factor TFIIA; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII / Q000737:chemistry*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C101882:TAF4 protein, human; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D035561:Transcription Factor TFIIA; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C069001:TATA-binding protein associated factor 250 kDa; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I