title: Hemichloris antarctica, gen. et sp. nov. (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta), a cryptoendolithic alga from Antarctica.
abstract: Hemichloris antarctica gen. et sp. nov. (Oocystaceae, Chlorococcales) is characterized by a single, articulated, pyrenoid-less, thick saucer-shaped chloroplast, which generally fills less than half of the cell periphery.  Multiplication is only by autospores.  The species is psychrophilic and is damaged at temperatures above 20 degree C.  Hemichloris antarctica is a member of the cryptoendolithic microbial community living in porous sandstone rocks of the Antarctica cold desert.  It inhabits the zone below that of cryptoendolithic lichens and survives at extremely low light intensities.  In the natural habitat, morphology is somewhat different from that in culture, as chloroplasts are smaller and without articulation, and the cells develop a gelatinous sheath.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Botanik der Universität, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tschermak-Woess
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Friedmann
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003081:Cold Climate; D003889:Desert Climate; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D005844:Geology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron