title: Gravitational effects on mammalian cells.
abstract: In this paper we present first the results of our most recent investigations on gravitational effects on the activation of human lymphocytes:  by immunoenzymatic staining and by using concanavalin A (Con A) coated to red blood cells (RBC) we demonstrate that the increase of activation measured at 10xg is due to a simultaneous activation of T- and B-lymphocytes whereas at 1xg only T-cells are stimulated.  Conversely, activation of T-cells by chemical modification of the membrane with sodium periodate is depressed at 10xg.  Secondly, experiments performed in the centrifuge as well as in the clinostat with Friend, K-562, and hybridoma cells show that each cell line develops its own adaptation reaction to gravitational stress.
authors.affiliation: Laboratium für Biochemie, ETH-Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lorenzi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bechler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cogoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cogoli
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002498:Centrifugation; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000378:metabolism; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D005622:Friend murine leukemia virus; D006427:Hemin; D006801:Humans; D006825:Hybridomas; D018471:Hypergravity; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000378:metabolism; D010504:Periodic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012399:Rotation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008934:Mitogens; D010504:Periodic Acid; D003208:Concanavalin A; D006427:Hemin; C009288:metaperiodate; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide