Abstention from smoking extends life and compresses morbidity: a population based study of health expectancy among smokers and never smokers in Denmark.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate health expectancy--that is, the average lifetime in good health--among never smokers, ex-smokers, and smokers in Denmark.


METHODS
A method suggested by Peto and colleagues in 1992 for estimating smoking attributable mortality rates was used to construct a life table for never smokers. This life table and relative risks for death for ex-smokers and smokers versus never smokers were used to estimate life tables for ex-smokers and smokers. Life tables and prevalence rates of health status were combined and health expectancy was calculated by Sullivan's method.


METHODS
The Danish adult population.


METHODS
The expected lifetime in self rated good health or without longstanding illness for never smokers and smokers.


RESULTS
The expected lifetime of a 20 year old man who will never begin to smoke is 56.7 years, 48.7 (95% confidence interval (CI), 46.8 to 50.7) years of which are expected to be in self rated good health. The corresponding figures for a man who smokes heavily are 49.5 years, 36.5 (95% CI 35.0 to 38.1 ) years of which are in self rated good health. A 20 year old woman who will never begin to smoke can expect to live a further 60.9 years, with 46.4 (95% CI 44.9 to 47.8) years in self rated good health; if she is a lifelong heavy smoker, her expected lifetime is reduced to 53.8 years, 33.8 (95% CI 31.7 to 35.9) years of which are in self rated good health. Health expectancy based on long standing illness is reduced for smokers when compared with never smokers.


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking reduces the expected lifetime in good health and increases the expected lifetime in poor health.
Brønnum-Hansen
H
H
National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark. hbh@niph.dk
Juel
K
K
D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008017:Life Expectancy; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*