title: DNA-based detection of prostate cancer in urine after prostatic massage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Promoter hypermethylation of the glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene is a specific feature of prostate cancer. This epigenetic DNA alteration served as the target for molecular detection of prostate cancer cells in urine sediments after prostatic massage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bisulfite treatment followed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation in DNA isolated from urine sediments obtained after prostatic massage of men with and without prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation was demonstrated in the sediments of 1 (2%) of 45 patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 2 (29%) of 7 patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 15 (68%) of 22 patients with early, intracapsular cancer, and 14 (78%) of 18 patients with locally advanced or systemic prostate cancer, resulting in a specificity of 98% and an overall sensitivity of 73% for the detection of prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinalysis for GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation constitutes a sensitive and highly specific DNA-based marker for molecular detection of prostate cancer, including early stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Benjamin Franklin Medical School, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goessl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heicappell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D000368:Aged; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D005819:Genetic Markers; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007527:Isoenzymes; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase