title: The pharmacologic and expectancy effects of alcohol on social anxiety in individuals with social phobia.
abstract: Individuals with social phobia are at an increased risk for alcohol problems. Individuals with social phobia could increase their risk for pathological alcohol use if they drink as a means of coping with anxiety-provoking social situations. Providing a circumscribed test of this view, we evaluate the effect of alcohol on the intensity of social phobia anxiety responses. Sixty-one individuals with social phobia gave two speech challenges in front of a group ('social anxiety challenge'), one occurring before and one after they consumed either: (a) an alcoholic drink they were told contained alcohol ('alcohol group'), (b) a non-alcoholic drink they were told contained alcohol ('placebo group'), or, (c) a non-alcoholic drink they were told contained no alcohol ('control group'). Both the alcohol group and the placebo group showed greater reduction in performance anxiety from the first to the second speech challenge than did the control group. Further, there was a strong trend in the data for the alcohol group to show greater reduction in performance anxiety from the first to the second speech challenge than did the placebo group. We concluded from these findings that the pharmacologic effects of alcohol and the belief that one consumed alcohol decrease social performance anxiety in an additive fashion. These results provide direct support for the negatively reinforcing properties of alcohol and are consistent with the view that symptom reduction may motivate alcohol use among socially phobic individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Fairview-Riverside Hospital, F-282-2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voight
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012718:Set, Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior