title: Role of nuclear WW domains and proline-rich proteins in dinoflagellate transcription.
abstract: Dinoflagellates are unique among eukaryotes in their lack of histones and nucleosomes, and permanently condensed chromosomes. These unusual features raise questions as how chromatin condensation and gene expression are achieved. In this study, we investigated nuclear proteins potentially implicated in the regulation of the transcription. Dinap1 is a dinoflagellate nuclear protein that has a WW domain and is synthesized mainly in G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. In this study, we found that Dip1, a proline-rich potential ligand of Dinap1, and DapC, a Dip1 potential ligand, were both present in the nucleus of Crypthecodinium cohnii during the G1 phase. Dip1 contained a PPXY motif, and its domain organization was similar to that of the splicing factor FBP21 in that it possessed one zinc finger and two WW domains. Although DapC has no known homolog, 22 repeats of a PPXPXGX heptapeptide were identified at the N-terminus, and this structure is similar to that of the C-terminal part of the mouse splicing factor SAP62. Dinap1 was co-precipitated with Dip1 and DapC in vitro and in vivo, but despite their nuclear location, these three proteins did not bind directly to DNA. Dinap1 activated up to 40% of the basal transcription activity of C. cohnii in an in vitro assay, whereas DapC inhibited it by 40% and Dip1 had no effect. These dinoflagellate proteins appear to be the subunits of a nuclear complex that may be involved in regulating transcription.
authors.affiliation: Observatoire océanologique, laboratoire Arago, UMR 7628 CNRS-Université Paris VI, Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guillebault
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Derelle
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bhaud
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moreau
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011392:Proline; D055232:Proline-Rich Protein Domains; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C410062:DISCO Interacting Protein 1, Drosophila; C120441:Dinap1 protein, Dinoflagellida; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D011392:Proline