Molecular aspects of parasite-vector and vector-host interactions in leishmaniasis.
Leishmania-sand fly interactions are reviewed in the context of the potential barriers to the complete development of the parasite that exist within the midgut environment of phlebotomine flies and the molecular adaptations that the parasite has evolved that permit the development of transmissible infections to proceed. Cell surface and secreted phosphoglycans protect the parasite from the proteolytic activities of the blood-fed midgut, mediate attachment to the gut wall in order to maintain infection during excretion of the bloodmeal, and contribute to the formation of a biological plug in the anterior gut that may promote transmission by bite. The importance of vector saliva in modulating the host response to transmitted parasites is also reviewed.
Sacks
D
D
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. dsacks@nih.gov
Kamhawi
S
S
D000818:Animals; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000502:physiology; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000502:physiology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007422:Intestines / Q000469:parasitology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000502:physiology*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
D006028:Glycosphingolipids; C095909:LPG2 protein, Leishmania; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; C083281:LPG1 protein, Leishmania