title: Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and risk of colorectal adenomas (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms influence risk of colorectal adenoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms in the 5' and 3' ends of the VDR gene were genotyped for 373 colorectal adenoma cases and 394 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no significant association between the 5' (FokI) or the 3' (BsmI) polymorphisms and adenoma risk. However, risk of large (>1 cm) adenomas decreased with increasing copies of the FokI f allele (p = 0.04). Compared to the FF genotype, odds ratios for the Ff and ff genotypes were 0.79 (95% CI 0.44-1.41) and 0.32 (95% CI 0.11-0.91), respectively. FokI genotype was more strongly related to large adenoma risk among subjects with low dietary calcium intake (ORFf=0.48; 95% CI 0.17-1.3; ORff=0.21: 95% CI 0.04-1.3), low dietary vitamin D intake (ORFf=0.25; 95% CI 0.09-0.69; ORff= 0.22; 95% CI 0.04-1.2), or dark skin color (ORFf=0.66; 95% CI 0.27-1.6; ORff=0.10; 95% CI 0.01-1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that VDR FokI genotype influences development of colorectal adenomas. and that the effect may be modified by calcium and vitamin D status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA. INGLES@HSC.USC.EDU
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ingles
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Coetzee
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Frankl
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Haile
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol