title: Branchial elimination of superhydrophobic organic compounds by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: The branchial elimination of pentachloroethane and four congeneric polychlorinated biphenyls by rainbow trout was measured using a fish respirometer-metabolism chamber and an adsorption resin column. Branchial elimination was characterized by calculating a set of apparent in vivo blood:water partition coefficients (P(BW)). Linear regression was performed on the logarithms of P(BW) estimates and the log K(OW) value for each compound to give the fitted equation: log P(BW)=0.76 x log K(OW)-1.0 (r(2)=0.98). The linear nature of this relationship provides support for existing models of chemical flux at fish gills and suggests that a near equilibrium condition was established between chemical in venous blood entering the gills, including dissolved and bound forms, and dissolved chemical in expired branchial water. In vivo P(BW) estimates were combined with P(BW) values determined in vitro for a set of lower log K(OW) compounds (Bertelson et al., Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 (1998) 1447-1455) to give the fitted relationship: log P(BW)=0.73 x log K(OW)-0.88 (r(2)=0.98). The slope of this equation is consistent with the suggestion that chemical binding to non-lipid organic material contributes substantially to blood:water chemical partitioning. An equation based on the composition of trout blood (water content and the total amount of organic material) was then derived to predict blood:water partitioning for compounds with log K(OW) values ranging from 0 to 8: log P(BW)=log[(10(0.73 log K(ow)) x 0.16)+0.84].
authors.affiliation: US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Fitzsimmons
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nichols
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016014:Linear Models; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D004980:Ethane; C016036:pentachloroethane