title: A study of the influence of the hydrophobic core residues of yeast iso-2-cytochrome c on phosphate binding: a probe of the hydrophobic core-surface charge interactions.
abstract: To gain insight into the role of hydrophobic core-surface charge interactions in stabilizing cytochrome c, we investigated the influence of hydrophobic core residues on phosphate binding by mutating residues in yeast iso-2-cytochrome c to those corresponding to iso-l-cytochrome c in various combinations. Heat transition of ultraviolet CD was followed as a function of pH in the presence and absence of phosphate. Thermodynamic parameters were deduced. It was found that the I20V/V43A/M98L mutation in the hydrophobic core, whose locations are remote from the putative phosphate sites, modulates phosphate interactions. The modulation is pH dependent. The I20V/ M98L and V43A mutation effects are nonadditive. The results lead to a model analogous to that of Tsao, Evans, and Wennerstrom, where a domain associated with the ordered hydrophobic core is sensitive to the fields generated by the surface charges. Such an explanation would be in accord with the observed difference in thermal stability between iso-2 and horse cytochromes c.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. htaniuch@helix.nih.gov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: San Miguel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Schechter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiloach
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008433:Mathematics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; C032139:iso-2-cytochrome C; D045304:Cytochromes c