title: Orientation of the photosynthetic flagellate, Peridinium gatunense, in hypergravity.
abstract: The photosynthetic freshwater flagellate, Peridinium gatunense, uses both positive phototaxis and negative gravitaxis to move upwards in the water column. At higher fluence rates approaching those at the surface of their habitat, the cells tend to become unoriented and thus stop their upward movement. Orientation and motility of Peridinium gatunense has been studied in the slow rotating centrifuge microscope (NIZEMI), which allows observation of swimming behavior during centrifugation acceleration between 1 g and 5g. The movement vectors were analyzed by real time image analysis capable of tracking many cells simultaneously. At 1 g the orientation was not very precise, but the degree of orientation increased significantly at higher acceleration forces up to about 3 g. Most cells were capable of swimming even against an acceleration vector of 3.8 g; at higher acceleration forces the cells were not able to cope with the centrifugal force. The linear velocity of cells swimming against 1 g was about 20% lower than that of cells moving in other directions. The velocity decreased even more in cells swimming against higher acceleration forces.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Botany and Pharmaceutical Biology of the Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hader
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreuzberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002498:Centrifugation; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006112:Gravitation; D018466:Gravity Sensing; D018471:Hypergravity; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008027:Light; D009043:Motor Activity; D009068:Movement; D009949:Orientation; D012399:Rotation