title: A review of the role of visual problems in reading disabilities.
abstract: In this review we discuss the etiology of reading disturbances in children and adults. The majority of reading problems in children are either due to primary causes (dyslexia) or secondary to a variety of nonophthalmologic disorders or diseases. In adults the nature of reading difficulties is different to that in children and is defined as asthenopia. Asthenopia can develop as a result of uncorrected refractive errors or due to an imbalance of extraocular muscle action. The therapeutic approach to reading problems is reviewed and it will be seen to be different in children and in adults.
authors.affiliation: Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spierer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Desatnik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D011932:Reading; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*