title: Endoscopic circumferential esophageal mucosectomy in a porcine model: an assessment of technical feasibility, safety, and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic mucosectomy has been performed for early cancers and dysplastic lesions < or = 2 cm in diameter. The feasibility and safety of mucosectomy for circumferential lesions of the esophagus is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the technical feasibility, as well as the short and long-term complication rates, with circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy of the distal esophagus in the pig.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy of the distal 3 cm of the esophagus was performed in four pigs, using a cap mucosectomy device. The animals were sacrificed after 30, 50, 70, and 90 days to assess mucosal regeneration and stricture formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure time for circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy was 15-30 min. Circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy was technically feasible and without short-term complications. Videotapes of all resections were reviewed to ensure that complete removal of the mucosa was achieved. All mucosectomy specimens underwent histological evaluation. The specimens included the mucosa alone in three of the pigs. Some of the specimens in the fourth pig included a superficial layer of muscularis propria. This pig failed to thrive. Macroscopic examination of the dissected esophageal specimens from the healthy pigs revealed a well-healed, normal-appearing esophagus, whereas a stenosis of 4 x 10 mm was observed in the distal esophagus of the pig that failed to thrive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy of the porcine distal esophagus is feasible and safe. An adequate submucosal saline cushion is essential to prevent stenosis due to deep injury.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sorbi
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Batts
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gostout
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D004869:Equipment Safety; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D023421:Models, Animal; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome