title: A role for methotrexate in the management of non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical usefulness of methotrexate for patients with non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease who fail to respond to systemic corticosteroids and/or orbital irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients with non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease who were treated with methotrexate at Oregon Health Sciences University between June 1993 and June 2000 were examined. Methotrexate was administered at a median maximum dose of 20 mg per week (range 15-25 mg per week) in conjunction with folate supplementation. Patients were followed with regular ophthalmic examinations, as well as serum liver enzyme levels and blood cell counts. Clinical signs of regression of the orbital inflammation, visual acuity, dosage and duration of methotrexate therapy, requirement for concurrent corticosteroid administration, and adverse drug reactions were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort included 14 patients (24 eyes) with diagnoses including non-specific orbital inflammation (n=7), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (n=1), thyroid orbitopathy (n=3), Wegener's granulomatosis (n=1), sarcoidosis (n=1), and Erdheim-Chester disease (n=1). In all cases, methotrexate was commenced as a corticosteroid sparing agent. 10 patients (71%) completed a 4 month therapeutic trial of methotrexate. Median duration of treatment for the nine (64%) patients who experienced clinical benefit was 25 months (range 10-47 months). Six responders were ultimately able to cease methotrexate, including the single patient who required concurrent long term corticosteroid therapy. Complications included fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbance, hair thinning and mild, reversible serum liver enzyme elevation. Two patients (14%) discontinued treatment because of adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methotrexate is a well tolerated immunosuppressive medication which may benefit patients with recalcitrant non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease.
authors.affiliation: Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201-4197, USA. smithjus@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016727:Orbital Pseudotumor / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D013256:Steroids; D020333:Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids; D005492:Folic Acid; D008727:Methotrexate