title: Body mass index and the incidence of visually significant age-related maculopathy in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports have suggested relationships of body weight with age-related maculopathy (ARM), particularly its nonneovascular (dry) forms, but results are inconsistent and prospective data are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine prospectively relationships of body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) with visually significant dry and neovascular ARM during an average of 14.5 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident ARM was assessed by medical record confirmation of self-reported ARM among the 21 121 men participating in the Physicians' Health Study who (1) were followed up for at least 7 years, (2) were free of visually significant ARM at baseline, and (3) had information on BMI and cigarette smoking. We used proportional hazards regression models to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for visually significant dry ARM (256 cases) and neovascular ARM (84 cases) within 4 categories of BMI: lean (< 22.0), normal (22.0-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), and obese (> or = 30.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusting for age, randomized aspirin and beta carotene assignments, and cigarette smoking, the incidence for visually significant dry ARM was lowest in men with a normal BMI. Compared with these men, the RRs (95% CIs) were as follows: 1.43 (1.01-2.04) for lean, 1.24 (0.93-1.66) for overweight, and 2.15 (1.35-3.45) for obese men. Although there was no significant relationship of BMI with the diagnosis of neovascular ARM, due to the small number of cases these analyses could not rule out an important relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity is a risk factor for visually significant ARM in men, in particular for dry ARM. However, the relationship of BMI with dry ARM appears to be J-shaped, and the leanest individuals also appear to be at increased risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215, USA. dschaumberg@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schaumberg
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D001241:Aspirin