title: Emesis and space motion sickness in amphibians.
abstract: Amphibians possess the ability to vomit in response to a variety of stimuli that provoke emesis in mammals. Pharmacological studies have establish that the ejection of gastric contents and the basic mechanism for vomiting have been phylogenetically conserved among these tetrapods. As part of on-going comparative studies on emesis in vertebrates, we previously documented that some postmetamorphic anurans and salamander larvae experience motion-induced emesis when exposed to the provocative stimulus of parabolic aircraft flight. However, more recent experiments suggest that there are strict conditions for inducing emesis in amphibians exposed to parabolic flight and that amphibians are not as sensitive to this stimulus as mammals. Further studies on emesis in lower vertebrates may help us understand the processes that cause emesis in abnormal gravitational regimes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izumi-Kurotani
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takabatake
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wassersug
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D004074:Digitoxin / Q000009:adverse effects; D004639:Emetics; D018471:Hypergravity; D010042:Ouabain / Q000009:adverse effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013026:Space Flight; D018489:Space Motion Sickness / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014562:Caudata; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D004639:Emetics; D010042:Ouabain; D004074:Digitoxin; D001058:Apomorphine; D002945:Cisplatin