Roles of Toll-like receptors in innate immune responses.
Innate immunity recognizes invading micro-organisms and triggers a host defence response. However, the molecular mechanism for innate immune recognition was unclear. Recently, a family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was identified, and crucial roles for these receptors in the recognition of microbial components have been elucidated. The TLR family consists of 10 members and will be expanding. Each TLR distinguishes between specific patterns of microbial components to provoke innate immune responses. The activation of innate immunity then leads to the development of antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Thus, TLRs control both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Takeda
K
K
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Akira
S
S
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D018899:CpG Islands; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000502:physiology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008074:Lipoproteins; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C499312:Myd88 protein, Drosophila; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C495341:tehao protein, Drosophila