title: Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies: a single centre observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens have been described. There are little data reporting their efficacy or integration in routine clinical practice. The overall results of eradication therapy in a cohort of patients are described and an algorithm for management outlined.
  
  
  METHODS
  469 patients receiving eradication therapy in routine clinical practice were evaluated. The successes of individual regimes as first, second and third line therapy were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall success after one, two and three courses of therapy were 73% (95% confidence intervals 69-77%), 94% (91-96%) and 98% (97-99%) respectively. 10 different regimens, including many non-recommended ones were used as primary therapy. Ranitidine bismuth citrate-amoxicillin-clarithromycin triple therapy (94.8%, 90-99%) was significantly more effective than any other combination as primary therapy, including all proton pump inhibitor based triple therapies. Quadruple therapy with bismuth chelate-proton pump inhibitor-tetracycline and a nitroimidazole (70%, 52-88%) and ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapy (73%, 56-90%) where more effective second line combinations than proton pump inhibitor-triple therapies (37.5%, 12-58%). Third line therapy directed by the results of sensitivity testing improved eradication compared to further empirical antibiotics. The use of a proton pump inhibitor with clarithromycin and a nitroimidazole as initial therapy was associated with a significantly worse overall eradication rate than other combinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helicobacter pylori eradication rates can be maximised by using ranitidine bismuth citrate-clarithromycin-amoxicillin containing triple therapy, followed by bismuth and nitroimidazle containing second-line therapy, with third line combinations directed by sensitivity testing. Proton pump inhibitor-clarithromycin-metronidazole combinations should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR74 7TJ, United Kindgom. i.beales@uea.ac.uk
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Beales
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D008795:Metronidazole; C073340:ranitidine bismuth citrate; D011899:Ranitidine; D017291:Clarithromycin; D001729:Bismuth