title: Different levels of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes in synoviocytes and chondrocytes during joint contracture formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the levels of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) isozymes (or cyclooxygenase, COX) in vivo during the development of joint contractures secondary to immobilization in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats had one knee joint immobilized for up to 32 weeks. Three groups were compared: 47 rats had knee joints immobilized, 38 animals had sham surgery, and 13 unoperated animals served as controls. Levels of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 enzymes were characterized in the chondrocytes and synoviocytes of the knee joint by immunohistochemistry. Immunostaining intensity was quantified by microscopy using conventional analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGHS-1 level was lower in synoviocytes of the anterior capsule compared with shams (1.3 vs 2.0; p < 0.05). PGHS-2 level was also lower in synoviocytes of the posterior capsule (1.8 vs 2.3; p < 0.05), but higher in chondrocytes at the anterior aspect of the tibia compared with shams (1.6 vs 0.8; p < 0.05). PGHS-2 staining was increased in chondrocytes at the posterior, opposed, and anterior aspects of the tibia compared with controls (1.1, 0.6, 0.8 vs 0.2, 0.1, 0.2, respectively; all p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immobility induced joint contractures are characterized by a contrasting cellular pattern of PGHS enzyme levels: decreased in the synovium and increased in the chondrocytes. These findings suggest that chondrocytic PGHS isoenzymes are important in cartilage degradation of contractured joints.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trudel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desaulniers
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Uhthoff
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laneuville
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D003286:Contracture / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases