title: Structural polarity in the Chara rhizoid:  a reevaluation.
abstract: The Chara rhizoid is a useful model system to study gravitropism since all phases of gravitropism occur in a single cell.  Despite years of study, a complete description of the distinctive ultrastructure of Chara rhizoids is not available.  Therefore, in this paper, we reevaluate the ultrastructural features of vertically grown rhizoids, which have a structural polarity consisting of seven distinct zones.  We also characterize the apical vesicles and the cell wall in these rhizoids by using antibodies against pectic polysaccharides.  These studies demonstrate that the cell wall consists of two pectinaceous domains and that a distinct population of apical vesicles contain methyl esterified pectin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11550, USA.
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Staehelin
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D010368:Pectins