title: Acute inhibition of brain-specific Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 5 by protein kinases A and C and cell shrinkage.
abstract: Little is known of the functional properties of the mammalian, brain-specific Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 5 (NHE5). Rat NHE5 was stably expressed in NHE-deficient PS120 cells, and its activity was characterized using the fluorescent pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. NHE5 was insensitive to ethylisopropyl amiloride. The transport kinetics displayed a simple Michaelis-Menten relationship for extracellular Na(+) (apparent K(Na) = 27 +/- 5 mM) and a Hill coefficient near 3 for the intracellular proton concentration with a half-maximal activity at an intracellular pH of 6.93 +/- 0.03. NHE5 activity was inhibited by acute exposure to 8-bromo-cAMP or forskolin (which increases intracellular cAMP by activating adenylate cyclase). The kinase inhibitor H-89 reversed this inhibition, suggesting that regulation by cAMP involves a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent process. In contrast, 8-bromo-cGMP did not have a significant effect on activity. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristrate 13-acetate inhibited NHE5, and the PKC antagonist chelerythrine chloride blunted this effect. Activity was also inhibited by hyperosmotic-induced cell shrinkage but was unaffected by a hyposmotic challenge. These results demonstrate that rat brain NHE5 is downregulated by activation of PKA and PKC and by cell shrinkage, important regulators of neuronal cell function.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral Biology in the Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Attaphitaya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nehrke
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Melvin
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D002460:Cell Line; D048429:Cell Size / Q000502:physiology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011522:Protons; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000074083:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011522:Protons; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000074083:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C069139:growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1; C117561:sodium-hydrogen exchanger 5; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D000584:Amiloride; D012964:Sodium; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C