title: Cardiac disease in pregnancy.
abstract: Cardiovascular adaptations of pregnancy are generally well tolerated in the healthy gravida; however, these changes can place undue stress on women with underlying cardiovascular disease and can result in increased risk for morbidity and mortality. In this article, we will review issues related to preconceptional counseling, cardiovascular adaptations of pregnancy, and the prognosis and management of the gravida with cardiac disease in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249-7333, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ramin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ramin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care