title: A simple fiber-optic microprobe for high resolution light measurements:  application in marine sediment.
abstract: A fiber-optic microphobe is described which is inexpensive and simple to build and use.  It consists of an 80-micrometers optical fiber which at the end is tapered down to a rounded sensing tip of 20-30-micrometers diameter.  The detector is a hybrid photodiode/amplifier.  The probe has a sensitivity of 0.01 microEinst m-2 s-1 and a spectral range of 300-1,100 nm.  Spectral light gradients were measured in fine-grained San Francisco Bay sediment that had an undisturbed diatom coating on the surface.  The photic zone of the mud was only 0.4 mm deep.  Measured in situ spectra showed extinction maxima at 430-520, 620-630, 670, and 825-850 nm due to absorption by chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, and bacterio-chlorophyll a.  Maximum light penetration in the visible range was found in both the violet and the red < or = 400 and > or = 700 nm.
authors.affiliation: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Des Marais
mesh_terms: D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D008027:Light; D008386:Marine Biology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D010788:Photosynthesis; D013057:Spectrum Analysis