title: [Interaction of the brain mediator and modulator systems and their role in development of psychophysiological and psychopathological conditions].
abstract: Neuromodulators and neurotransmitters systems of brain were demarcated on the basis of their feature. The neurotransmitters ability to EPSP and IPSP generation were used for their indication. The neuromodulators divergent morphological feature and their ability to induce a slow intracellular metabotrope reaction were used for their indication. In this review fast and slow glutamate and GABA postsynaptic receptors are discussed. Modulators are released in the intercellular space and interact with a large population of neurons. The hypothesis of a divergent modulatory integration suggests that neuromodulators, functioning divergently actualize stable functional states of the brain via their own long-term modification-inducing receptors. These stable states form the biochemical basis of motivation and emotional states. The secondary nuclear signal mechanisms triggered by the long-term modification-inducing receptors act to consolidate these states. In this review, the authors experimental results are used to corroborate the hypothesis of divergent modulatory integration. Haloperidol catalepsy and pentylenetetrazole kindling and their interactions with learning processes are considered as a behavioral model of divergent modulatory integration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bazian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid