title: Spermicidal & contraceptive properties of Praneem polyherbal pessary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Though a number of barrier methods and potent spermicides are available, most of these have nonoxynol-9 (N-9) as the active ingredient which is observed to cause inflammation and genital ulceration on repeated use. The present study was undertaken to develop a safe spermicide with conjoint microbicidal properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  A polyherbal pessary was formulated with purified ingredients from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, Sapindus mukerossi (pericarp of fruit) and Mentha citrata oil. Spermicidal action on human sperm was tested by Sander-Cramer slide test in vitro and by post coital tests in vivo. Contraceptive action was tested in rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of the three herbal ingredients resulted in the potentiation of the spermicidal action by 8-folds. The post coital tests confirmed the spermicidal properties of the Praneem polyherbal pessary (PPP) in women with high cervical mucous score around mid estrus. It also prevented in most women the migration of sperm into the cervical mucous. In 15 rabbits studied pregnancy was prevented by the intravaginal administration of PPP, whereas 13 of the 15 animals in the control group became pregnant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Praneem polyherbal pessary has potent spermicidal action on human sperm in vitro and in vivo. When applied in the vagina before mating, it prevented rabbits from becoming pregnant.
authors.affiliation: Talwar Research Foundation, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raghuvanshi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagga
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Talwar
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011803:Quinine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C086286:Praneem; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D011803:Quinine