title: Sepsis is associated with reciprocal expressional modifications of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in human skeletal muscle: down-regulation of NOS1 and up-regulation of NOS3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression (mRNA and protein) and activity of the constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS1 and NOS3) in a skeletal muscle of septic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An adult trauma/surgical intensive care unit in an urban teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen septic patients and 21 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples of the rectus abdominis muscle were obtained during surgical procedure. NOS mRNA, protein, and activity were detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and the conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline, respectively. The main results of this study are as follows: a) Levels of NOS1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher than those of NOS3 in the rectus abdominis muscle of control patients; b) NOS1 expression was down-regulated in septic patients, whereas NOS3 was up-regulated; c) these modulations were associated with a reduction in constitutive NOS activity; and d) modifications of NOS1 and NOS3 protein expression were correlated significantly with the severity of sepsis, assessed by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sepsis induces reciprocal expressional modifications of NOS1 and NOS3 in human skeletal muscle, which decreases muscular constitutive NOS activity. These modifications may have implications for muscle impairment in septic patients.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U408 and IFR 02, Faculté X. Bichat, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lanone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mebazaa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heymes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valleur
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mechighel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Payen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boczkowski
mesh_terms: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C400702:nos-1 protein, C elegans; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III