title: Shielding from solar particle event exposures in deep space.
abstract: The physical composition and intensities of solar particle event exposures of sensitive astronaut tissues are examined under conditions approximating an astronaut in deep space. Response functions for conversion of particle fluence into dose and dose equivalent averaged over organ tissues are used to establish significant fluence levels and the expected dose and dose rates of the most important events from past observations. The BRYNTRN transport code is used to evaluate the local environment experienced by sensitive tissues and used to evaluate bioresponse models developed for use in tactical nuclear warfare. The present results will help to clarify the biophysical aspects of such exposure in the assessment of RBE and dose rate effects and their impact on design of protection systems for the astronauts. The use of polymers as shielding material in place of an equal mass of aluminum would provide a large safety factor without increasing the vehicle mass. This safety factor is sufficient to provide adequate protection if a factor of two larger event than has ever been observed in fact occurs during the mission.
authors.affiliation: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA. john.w.wilson@larc.nasa.gov
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000528:radiation effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011522:Protons; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D019445:Solar Activity; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019442:Space Suits; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D011522:Protons