title: Preventing lithium intoxication. Guide for physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To raise awareness of risk factors for, and symptoms of, lithium intoxication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was searched via MEDLINE from January 1970 to December 1999 using the MeSH headings Lithium, Lithium Carbonate, Drug Toxicity, and Aging. Articles were selected based on clinical relevance and design. Most were case reports, case series, or reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A case study illustrates both risk factors predisposing patients to lithium intoxication and the symptoms of lithium intoxication. Lithium intoxication can be avoided by conservative dosing, care in combining drug therapies, regular clinical observation, monitoring drug plasma concentrations, and educating patients and caregivers to recognize early signs of intoxication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowing about lithium intoxication and how to avoid it is most important for family physicians who regularly treat patients receiving lithium.
authors.affiliation: Kingston Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Delva
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hawken
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D016651:Lithium Carbonate