title: Long-term (29 years) results of reconstructive surgery in rheumatic mitral valve insufficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results of conservative surgery are well established in degenerative mitral valve (MV) insufficiency. However, there are controversies in rheumatic disease. This study is the evaluation of one center for rheumatic MV insufficiency based on a functional approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1970 to 1994, 951 patients with rheumatic MV insufficiency were operated on with the reconstructive techniques elaborated by Alain Carpentier. Aortic valve diseases were excluded. Mean age was 25.8 years (4 to 75), and sinus rhythm was present in 63%. The functional classification used was type I, normal leaflet motion, 71 patients (7%); type II, prolapsed leaflet, 311 patients (33%); and type III, restricted leaflet motion, 345 patients (36%). The combined lesion of prolapse of the anterior leaflet and restriction of the posterior was present in 224 patients (24%). Surgical techniques used were implantation of a prosthetic ring in 95%, shortening of the chords and leaflet enlargement with autologous pericardium, and commissurotomy. Hospital mortality rate was 2%. The mean follow-up was 12 years (maximum, 29 years): 8618 patients per year. Actuarial survival was 89+/-19% at 10 years and 82+/-18% at 20 years. The rate of thromboembolic events was 0.4% patients per year (33 events), with 3 deaths. Freedom from reoperation was 82+/-19% at 10 years and 55+/-25% at 20 years. The main cause (83%) of reoperation was progressive fibrosis of the MV. The actuarial rate of reoperation was 2% patients per year and was correlated to the degree of preoperative fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conservative surgery of rheumatic MV insufficiency has a low hospital mortality rate and an acceptable rate of reoperation. The results are excellent regarding the minimal risk of thromboembolic events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. sylvain.chauvaud@egp.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chauvaud
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fuzellier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berrebi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deloche
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fabiani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carpentier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013995:Time