title: Pretargeting with amplification using polymeric peptide nucleic acid.
abstract: One goal of this investigation was to develop a polymer conjugated with multiple copies of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for applications in vivo. The second goal was to establish whether the multiple copies of PNA on the polymer could be targeted by hybridization in vitro and in vivo with (99m)Tc-labeled complementary PNA (cPNA). If successful, this approach could then be considered in further investigations as an alternative to existing pretargeting approaches because of the potential for signal amplification in the target. A 80 KDa poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PA) polymer was conjugated with multiple copies of PNA and with multiple copies of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by reacting the NHS derivative of PA with the amine derivatives of PNA and PEG. Using (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-cPNA, targeting of PNA-PA-PEG was studied in vitro and in vivo in inflammation and tumor mouse models, in both cases relying upon nonspecific diffusion for localization. In addition, cPNA-avidin was considered as a clearing agent with biotinylated PNA-PA-PEG. About 80 PNAs could be conjugated to PA provided that about 200 PEGs were also conjugated to raise the aqueous solubility of the PNA-PA-PEG polymer lowered by the addition of the PNAs. About 70% of the PNAs on this polymer in vitro either in solution or attached to beads could be successfully targeted with (99m)Tc-cPNA. In both the inflammation and tumor mouse models, between 35 and 60% of these PNAs could be targeted in the lesions. The advantage of amplification was evident when less favorable results were obtained with PNA-PA-PEG conjugated with only six PNAs. We conclude that amplification can be achieved in vivo using polymers of PNA followed by radiolabeled complementary PNA and that the application of pretargeting using polymers of PNA for amplification can improve localization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusckowski
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hnatowich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004355:Drug Stability; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013667:Technetium; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids; D011108:Polymers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013667:Technetium