title: Hygiene problems of residual limb and silicone liners in transtibial amputees wearing the total surface bearing socket.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether washing the residual limb and silicone liner reduces the associated skin problems in transtibial amputees who wear a total surface bearing (TSB) socket.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three transtibial amputees (65 men, 18 women; mean age, 53.4 yr) in western Japan who used or had used a TSB socket with a silicone liner in the previous 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants took a self-administered questionnaire that included items concerning their personal profile, daily life activities, period of TSB use (yr), hours of TSB use daily, washing frequency of the residual limb and silicone liner, the method of washing, and any associated hygiene problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine factors related to hygiene problems. Predicted values include hygiene problems (perspiration, eruptions, itching, odor) and explanatory values include TSB use, daily life activity, and washing of limb and prosthetic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five subjects washed the residual limb, and 44 subjects washed the silicone liner every day. Itching, perspiration, eruption, and odor were frequent hygiene problems. Perspiration was noted less by women, eruption more by older subjects, and itching and odor more by younger subjects. Washing the silicone liner every day was associated with fewer reports of skin eruption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Keeping the residual limb and silicone liner clean is important to reduce skin problems, but hygiene problems of the residual limb and silicone liner still remain to be resolved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hachisuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohmine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shitama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinkoda
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001186:Artificial Limbs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001494:Baths / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants; D011537:Pruritus / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones