title: Measurement of differential proton spectra onboard the Space Shuttle using a thermoluminescent dosimetry system.
abstract: An experimental technique that permits the extraction of orbit-averaged, differential energy spectra of trapped radiation belt protons using simple passive detectors is described.  An inversion technique is used for the data analysis.  The basic principle of the described system is measurement of the energy deposited in six thermoluminescent (TLD) detector assemblies behind various spherical absorbers.  The technique has been applied to a detector assembly flown on four Shuttle flights.  Although severe restraints were placed on the flight package, the differential energy spectra derived from these measurements are in good agreement with analytical results using a modified trapped proton environment model.  The technique shows good promise for measuring the spectra in low inclination orbits where the flux of high energy galactic cosmic rays protons is small.  Modifications to the detector assembly to improve the accuracy and to extend the range of the system to higher energies are suggested.
authors.affiliation: NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Badhwar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cash
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Atwell
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011522:Protons; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons