title: Localization of Caspr2 in myelinated nerves depends on axon-glia interactions and the generation of barriers along the axon.
abstract: Cell recognition proteins of the contactin-associated protein (Caspr) family demarcate distinct domains along myelinated axons. Caspr is present at the paranodal junction formed between the axon and myelinating glial cells, whereas Caspr2 is localized and associates with K(+) channels at the adjacent juxtaparanodal region. Here we investigated the distribution of Caspr2 during development of peripheral nerves of normal and galactolipids-deficient [ceramide galactosyl transferase (CGT)-/-] mice. This mutant exhibits paranodal abnormalities, lacking all putative adhesion components of this junction, including Caspr, contactin, and neurofascin 155. In sciatic nerves of this mutant, Caspr2 was not found at the juxtaparanodal region but was concentrated instead at the paranodes with Kv1.2. Similar distribution of Caspr2 was found in the PNS of contactin knock-out mice, which also lack Caspr in their paranodes. During development of wild-type peripheral nerves, Caspr2 and Kv1.2 were initially detected at the paranodes before relocating to the adjacent juxtaparanodal region. This transition was not observed in CGT mice, where Caspr2 and Kv1.2 remained paranodal. Double labeling for Caspr and Caspr2 demonstrated that these two related proteins occupied mutually excluding domains along the axon and revealed the presence of both paranodal and internodal barrier-like structures that are delineated by Caspr. Finally, we found that the disruption of axon-glia contact in CGT-/- nerves also affects the localization of the cytoskeleton-associated protein 4.1B along the axon. Altogether, our results reveal a sequential appearance of members of the Caspr family at different domains along myelinated axons and suggest that the localization of Caspr2 may be controlled by the generation of Caspr-containing barriers along the axon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poliak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gollan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ranscht
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peles
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D058966:Contactins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D051663:Kv1.2 Potassium Channel; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D005810:Multigene Family; D051146:N-Acylsphingosine Galactosyltransferase; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D011901:Ranvier's Nodes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C491323:CNTNAP1 protein, human; C403049:CNTNAP2 protein, human; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; C491322:Cntnap1 protein, mouse; D058966:Contactins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C496970:Kcna2 protein, mouse; D051663:Kv1.2 Potassium Channel; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; D051146:N-Acylsphingosine Galactosyltransferase