title: The gravikinetic response of Paramecium is based on orientation-dependent mechanotransduction.
abstract: Paramecium generates persistent shifts of the membrane potential of a few millivolts depending on its orientation with respect to the gravity vector. The resulting potential-induced modulation of the speed of propulsion is called gravikinesis because it acts to neutralize, fully or in part, sedimentation. Gravisensitivity is maximal at neutral orientation, i.e., in horizontally swimming cells, when the gravitational force per unit membrane area is at minimum. Stimulus-response relationships and energetic considerations show that sensing of the gravity vector by a nonspecialized, single-cell organism ranks among the most sensitive mechanoreceptors known in nature.
authors.affiliation: Arbeitsgruppe Zellulare Erregungsphysiologie, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gebauer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watzke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels; D006112:Gravitation; D018466:Gravity Sensing / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008465:Mechanoreceptors; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009043:Motor Activity; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010247:Paramecium / Q000502:physiology*; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels