title: Biochemical and morphological stress-reactions in humans and animals in microgravity.
abstract: This article is a literary review focused on the problem of the stress-effect of microgravity.  Based on the all-round analysis of data from manned missions and space experiments with rats it is concluded that microgravity as a permanent factor of space flight does not produce an intense chronic stress in either humans or animals.  On the other hand, microgravity is responsible for deconditioning of a number of vital systems and of the organism as a whole.  On return to Earth, the deconditioned bodies of humans and animals exaggerate the usual terrestrial loads due to gravity forces and respond by acute gravitational stress.
authors.affiliation: State Scientific Centre RF-Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Grigoriev
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kaplansky
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Durnova
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Popova
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000818:Animals; D006112:Gravitation; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D013026:Space Flight; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones