title: Nuclear fragmentation of high-energy heavy-ion beams in water.
abstract: As a part of the physical-technical program of the heavy-ion therapy project at GSI we have investigated the nuclear fragmentation of high-energy ion beams delivered by the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS, using water as a tissue-equivalent target. For a direct comparison of fragmentation properties, beams of 10B, 12C, 14N, and 16O were produced simultaneously as secondary beams from a primary 18O beam and separated in flight by magnetic beam analysis. The Z-distributions of beam fragments produced in the water target were measured via energy loss in a large ionisation chamber and a scintillator telescope. From these data we obtained both total and partial charge-changing cross sections. In addition we have performed Bragg measurements using two parallel-plate ionization chambers and a water target of variable length. The detailed shape of the measured Bragg curves and the measured cross sections are in good agreement with model calculations based on semi-empirical formulae.
authors.affiliation: GSI, Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schardt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geissel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Irnich
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magel
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mohar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Munzenberg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheidenberger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sihver
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron; D002244:Carbon; D004735:Energy Transfer; D007477:Ions; D009584:Nitrogen; D009686:Nuclear Physics; D010100:Oxygen; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011878:Radiotherapy; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen; D001895:Boron; D010100:Oxygen