title: Penetration of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin into the aqueous humor of eyes with functioning filtering blebs: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine concentrations of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in aqueous humor after topical or combined topical and oral administration in eyes with filtering blebs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, investigator-masked, randomized, controlled comparative study involving 36 eyes of 34 patients with functioning filtering blebs who were to undergo cataract surgery. Treatment groups received either topical ofloxacin or topical ciprofloxacin (instillation of 0.3% ophthalmic solution every 30 minutes for 4 hours before surgery), or a combined topical plus oral regimen (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, four 100-mg tablets, or ofloxacin, one 400-mg tablet, administered 24-26, 12-14, and 2 hours preceding surgery). The main outcome measure was antibiotic concentration measured by chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry of aqueous samples obtained during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topical antibiotic treatment yielded mean concentrations of ofloxacin, 0.75 microg/mL, and ciprofloxacin, 0.21 microg/mL, in aqueous. With combined topical and oral therapy, significantly more ofloxacin was measured than ciprofloxacin (3.84 microg/mL vs 0.35 microg/mL [P<.001]). The combination regimen produced significantly greater ofloxacin levels than did topical therapy alone (P =.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ofloxacin penetrates better than ciprofloxacin into the aqueous of eyes with filtering blebs, particularly after combined topical and oral administration, by which ofloxacin reaches more than a 10-fold greater concentration than does ciprofloxacin. Combined topical and oral therapy with ofloxacin may be beneficial in the treatment of bleb-associated infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Cir, Room 141, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. lcantor@iupui.edu
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donnenfeld
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Finley
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Lakhani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoop
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Flarty
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D018463:Filtering Surgery; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin