title: Effects of suspension-induced osteopenia on the mechanical behaviour of mouse long bones.
abstract: Whereas most studies of tail-suspension induced osteopenia have utilized rat femora, the present study investigated the effects of a 14 day tail-suspension on the mechanical behaviour of mice femora, tibiae and humeri.  Force-deflection properties were obtained via three-point bending for long bones from suspended and control mice.  Whole bone behaviour was characterized by converting the force-deflection values to stiffness, strength, ductility and energy parameters which were not normalized for specimen geometry.  The effects of a systematic variation in the deflection rate over the range 0.1-10 mm min-1 were also evaluated.  Statistical analysis indicated that the primary effect of the tail-suspension period was lowered bone mass which was manifested mechanically through lower values of the bone strength parameters.  These effects were similar in the bones of both the fore and hind limbs.  The results also demonstrated that the stiffness, ductility and energy characteristics were much less influenced by the tail-suspension.  Whereas a significant dependence of the bone strength values upon deflection rate was observed for the femora and humeri, the other mechanical parameters were less sensitive.  Based upon the nature of the physical and mechanical changes observed in the long bones following tail-suspension, the mouse appears to be a suitable animal model for the study of osteopenia.
authors.affiliation: Bioserve Space Technologies, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Simske
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Luttges
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D006614:Hindlimb; D006811:Humerus; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation / Q000379:methods