title: Nitric oxide synthase isoforms I, III and protein kinase-Ctheta in skeletal muscle fibres of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with and without Ginkgo biloba extract treatment.
abstract: The expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms I, III and protein kinase-Ctheta (PKCtheta) in rat vastus lateralis muscle was demonstrated immunohistochemically and then correlated to the physiological metabolic fibre types: SO (slow-oxidative), FOGI, FOGII (fast-oxidative glycolytic; I more glycolytic, II more oxidative), and FG (fast-glycolytic). NOS expression in muscles from different experimental groups (normal and diabetic rats, with and without Ginkgo biloba extract treatment) was assayed by Western blotting. Generally, NOS I and PKCtheta were co-expressed in fibres with predominantly oxidative metabolism (SO, FOGII). This suggests an interplay of PKCtheta and NOS I in nitric oxide production by oxidative fibres. NOS III was more highly expressed in fibres with predominantly glycolytic metabolism (FOGI, FG). A somewhat lower NOS I immunoreactivity was also found in NOS III positive fibres suggesting that NOS III and NOS I are co-expressed in these fibres. Western blotting revealed that NOS I as well as NOS III expression in the vastus lateralis muscle was down-regulated in diabetes and increased after Ginkgo biloba extract treatment. These effects may be associated with a diminished glucose uptake by myocytes of diabetic musclesand with an improved muscle function after Ginkgo biloba treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Punkt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaitsev
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wellner
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Buchwalow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; C489591:Prkcq protein, rat