title: Fire incidents involving regulators used in portable oxygen systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the causes and prevention of fire incidents involving aluminum bodied oxygen regulators used by firefighters or emergency medical technicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and an independent forensic investigator examined several incidents involving injury to firefighters and emergency medical technicians to determine why regulators in these incidents flashed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data and test results from investigations revealed that aluminum was a contributing factor, and there were a number of safe handling techniques which firefighters and emergency medical technicians could use to reduce the risk of regulator fires. A provisional test method was proposed by the American Society for Testing and materials (ASTM) in late 2000 to identify designs that would have a propensity for flashing. Results of the test method show good correlation with actual fire incidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of the ASTM standard and associated testing will be helpful to oxygen regulator designers to design safer oxygen regulator systems. As well, there are a number of additional safe handling procedures that firefighters and emergency medical technicians can follow to reduce the risk of a regulator fire.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. fbw0@cdc.gov
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Washenitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoltzfus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kubinski
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009314:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.; D016272:Occupational Health; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration