title: Frequent presence of HBV in the sera of HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive blood donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have revealed that HBV may not be cleared even after the disappearance of serum HBsAg. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the replication of HBV persists in HBsAg-negative blood donors who lack apparent liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum HBV was examined by using PCR coupled with Southern blotting in 50 blood donors who were identified to be HBsAg negative but anti-HBc positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBV DNA was detected in the sera from 19 (38%) of 50 donors. In 11 of the 19, HBV existed exclusively as immune complexes, while HBV presumably did not exist as immune complexes in the remaining eight. The levels of HBV DNA were similar to those in patients who had recovered from acute HBV. Some nucleotide substitutions, which did not confer amino acid changes in the major epitope of HBsAg, were found in the preS-S regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The replication of HBV is ongoing in a substantial proportion of healthy blood donors who have anti-HBc. Blood from such donors may contain very low levels of HBV free of immune complex formation and should be excluded for transfusion. The fact that such blood donors apparently lacked liver disease suggests no pathogenicity of such "occult" HBV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. hyotsu@marianna-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yotsuyanagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujie
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nojiri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juji
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000097:blood; D001782:Blood Donors; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens