title: Closed-loop, estimator-based model of human posture following reduced gravity exposure.
abstract: A computational and experimental method is employed to provide an understanding of a critical human space flight problem, posture control following reduced gravity exposure. In the case of an emergency egress, astronauts' postural stability could be life saving. It is hypothesized that muscular gains are lowered during reduced gravity exposure, causing a feeling of heavy legs, or a perceived feeling of muscular weakness, upon return to Earth's 1 g environment. We developed an estimator-based model that is verified by replicating spatial and temporal characteristics of human posture and incorporates an inverted pendulum plant in series with a Hill-type muscle model, two feedback pathways, a central nervous system estimator, and variable gains. Results obtained by lowering the variable muscle gain in the model support the hypothesis. Experimentally, subjects were exposed to partial gravity (3/8 g) simulation on a suspension apparatus, then performed exercises postulated to expedite recovery and alleviate the heavy legs phenomenon. Results show that the rms position of the center of pressure increases significantly after reduced gravity exposure. Closed-loop system behavior is revealed, and posture is divided into a short-term period that exhibits higher stochastic activity and persistent trends and a long-term period that shows relatively low stochastic activity and antipersistent trends.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rochlis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019415:Torque; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation