title: Nastic curvatures of wheat coleoptiles that develop in true microgravity.
abstract: Dark-grown wheat coleoptiles developed strong curvatures within 5 h of being transferred in orbit from a 1 g centrifuge to microgravity during an experiment flown on the IML-1 shuttle mission.  The curving tendency was strongest in seedlings that were immature, with coleoptiles shorter than 10 mm at the time of transfer.  The curvature direction was non-random, and directed away from the caryopsis (the coleptile face adjacent to the caryopsis becoming convex).  The curvatures were most marked in the basal third of the coleoptiles, contrasting with phototropic responses, which occur in the apical third.  We interpret these curvatures as being nastic, and related to the curvatures commonly reported to occur during clinostat rotation treatments.
authors.affiliation: University City Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Heathcote
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002498:Centrifugation; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D006112:Gravitation; D008027:Light; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D012399:Rotation; D013026:Space Flight; D013997:Time Factors; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C036216:ethylene