title: Dramatic-erratic personality disorder symptoms: II. Developmental pathways from early adolescence to adulthood.
abstract: This study examined the relationship over time between Cluster B personality disorder symptoms (borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic symptoms) and comorbid internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a community sample of 407 adolescents. Cross-lagged longitudinal models tested (a) the hypothesis that Cluster B symptoms reflect primary disturbances that give rise to co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms; and (b) the alternative hypothesis that these Axis I symptom clusters reflect primary problems that interfere with normal personality development. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms each predicted subsequent Cluster B symptoms in girls, although these effects occurred only at specific developmental stages. Cluster B symptoms in boys and girls at ages 10 to 14 years predicted externalizing symptoms two years later. Instead of clearly supporting one hypothesis over the other, longitudinal models suggested gender-specific developmental effects that were partially consistent with both hypotheses.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA. crawfor@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors