title: Beta-cell function evaluated by HOMA as a predictor of secondary sulphonylurea failure in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secondary failure to oral hypoglycaemic agents, a common evolution of long-standing Type 2 diabetes, is usually assessed by non-standardized indices requiring fine clinical assessment, including hyperglycaemia resistant to maximum doses of sulphonylureas despite appropriate diet and follow-up. The goal of this study was to evaluate if HOMA, a modelized plasma insulin/glucose ratio allowing simple evaluation of residual insulin secretion and sensitivity, is a better predictor of the insulin requiring stage than clinical indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  HOMA was measured in 84 Type 2 diabetic patients aged 58 +/- SD 6 years, with diabetes duration 11 +/- 4 years, hospitalized because of hyperglycaemia resistant to maximal doses of sulphonylureas (e.g. glibenclamide > or = 15 mg/day), with no apparent external reason for hyperglycaemia. Despite reinforced appropriate diet recommendations, 62 of these patients remained hyperglycaemic (insulin-requiring group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) and HOMA value for insulin sensitivity (71 +/- 6% vs. 76 +/- 7%, normal values 59-161%) were comparable in the two groups. HbA(1c) was higher (10.0 +/- 0.2% vs. 8.3 +/- 0.3%, P < 0.001) and HOMA insulin secretion values lower (25 +/- 2% vs. 43 +/- 6%, normal values 70-150%, P < 0.01) in the insulin-requiring group. Of the following potential predictors: HbA(1c) > 8%, duration of diabetes > or = 10 years, HbA(1c) combined with diabetes duration, insulin sensitivity < or = 40%, insulin secretion < or = 20%, the latter showed the best positive predictivity (86% patients with low insulin secretion were insulin-requiring).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (i) HOMA is a simple and good predictor of the insulin-requiring stage in Type 2 diabetes mellitus; (ii) this stage of diabetes is characterized by a further decline of insulin secretion rather than of insulin sensitivity. Diabet. Med. 18, 584-588 (2001)
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetology, INSERM U. 341, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taverna
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pacher
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruzzo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Selam
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002138:Calibration; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005905:Glyburide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds