title: Fate of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) wear debris in patients with hip implants.
abstract: The process of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) breakdown, started at the articular surface of the cup, continues in small fragments after generation.  An assiduous interaction between the UHMW-PE particles and the host cells leads to oxidative changes of the UHMW-PE and to size reduction of the particles simultaneous with transporting them toward, and finally by, lymphatic or blood vessels.   The particles are mobilized by means of enzymatic, extracellular matrix-degrading activity of cells that have phagocytosed them or adhered to them.  Together, these characteristics indicate an attempt by the natural cellular immunity system to eliminate the implant wear debris.  Macrophages are the main effector cells acting as scavengers;  however, excessive amount of the wear debris evokes phagocytic activity of cells other than macrophages as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witkiewicz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vidovszky
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Morrey
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bolander
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000473:pathology; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011095:Polyethylenes