title: Helicobacter pylori therapy: first-line options and rescue regimen.
abstract: In the present paper, several points regarding Helicobacter pylori treatment are reviewed, with the following conclusions: (1) all different proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are equivalent when prescribed with antibiotics; (2) ranitidine bismuth citrate is equal to or, in some cases with antibiotic resistance, more effective than PPI; (3) previous treatment with PPI does not seem to affect the rate of eradication obtained with PPI plus two antibiotics; (4) just 1 week of PPI is enough to obtain duodenal ulcer healing, provided that H. pylori eradication is achieved; (5) the eradication rates seem to be higher in peptic ulcer than in nonulcer dyspepsia; (6) in areas where the prevalence of metronidazole resistance is high, triple therapy including a PPI, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin is the best option, and (7) quadruple therapy (PPI, bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole) is the recommended second-line therapy after PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin failure, although replacing the PPI and the bismuth compound by ranitidine bismuth citrate achieves also good results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital 'La Princesa', Madrid, Spain. gisbert@meditex.es
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gisbert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pajares
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D017291:Clarithromycin