Suckling stimulus suppresses messenger RNA for tyrosine hydroxylase in arcuate neurons during lactation.
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons is suppressed during lactation but rebounds upon pup removal. A time course of TH mRNA changes after pup removal revealed three phases: (1) a nuclear phase (evident 1.5 hours after pup removal, maximal at 3 hours) with TH mRNA appearing in 1 or 2 nuclear loci with little or no change in cytoplasmic mRNA; (2) a cytoplasmic phase (noted 6 hours after pup removal, peaked 12-24 hours) with a significant increase in total TH mRNA levels mainly in the cytoplasm; and (3) a stabilization phase (24-48 hours after pup removal) when nuclear signals were low and cytoplasmic RNA showed a slight decline with extension of RNA clusters into the cell dendrites. In rats whose pups could suckle only on one side, TH was up-regulated only on the side contralateral to nipple blockade. These data indicate that after suckling terminates, TH up-regulation is evident at 1.5 hours, but 6 hours is needed before the cells transport sufficient mRNA into the cytoplasm. The rapid signaling of TH up-regulation stems from the fact that the TIDA neurons respond to neural signals from termination of suckling.
Berghorn
K A
KA
Laboratory for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Le
W W
WW
Sherman
T G
TG
Hoffman
G E
GE
D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000502:physiology; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013391:Sucking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
D002395:Catecholamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase