title: Effect of ethnicity and hypertension on atrial conduction: evaluation with high-resolution P-wave signal averaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurements by P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (P-SAECG) of P-wave duration and P-wave voltage integral are higher in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) than in those with sinus rhythm. Hypertension is perhaps the most common cardiovascular antecedent cause of AF, and particularly a disproportionate cause of morbidity and mortality among blacks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hypertension and ethnicity on P-SAECG parameters in patients without AF.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It was hypothesized that P-SAECG parameters can identify hypertensives, and are disproportionately higher in hypertensive blacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 234 normotensives and 84 hypertensives underwent P-SAECG analysis. In an ancillary study group of 34 hypertensive black men, the relationship between severity of hypertension and measured parameters of P-SAECG was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean filtered P-wave duration and total P-wave voltage integral for normotensives of both ethnic groups were similar. Hypertensive blacks had greater increase in P-wave duration (138 +/- 16 vs. 132 +/- 12ms;p < 0.01, N42:42) and total P-wave voltage integral (922 +/- 285 vs. 764 +/- 198 microV-ms; p < 0.001) than white hypertensives. Filtered P-wave duration and total P-wave voltage integral increased with severity of hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients at very early stages of hypertension have demonstrable evidence of prolonged atrial conduction by P-SAECG and, thus, cardiac electrical remodeling. P-wave duration and total P-wave voltage integral increase with severity of hypertension. Hypertensive blacks manifest a greater increase in P-SAECG parameters than whites. This may portend an increased cardiovascular risk for black patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6300, USA. ernest.madu@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Madu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Baugh
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Gbadebo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhala
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D044465:White People