title: Dose rate, dose-equivalent rate, and quality factor in SLS-1.
abstract: A tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) sensitive to the lineal energy range of 0.26-300 keV micrometer-1 was flown on STS-40 (39 degrees x 278 km x 296 km) inside the Spacelab.  This instrument was previously flown on STS-31 but was modified to provide a finer resolution at lower lineal energies to better map the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) protons.  The instrument was turned on 6 June 1991, and operated for 7470 min (124.5 h).  The flight duration was characterized by a very large number of X-ray solar flares and enhanced magnetic field fluctuations; however, no significant dose from the solar particles was measured at the location of this instrument.  The flight data can be separated into trapped and galactic cosmic radiation parts.  The dose rate, dose-equivalent rate and quality factor for trapped radiation were 4.21 +/- 0.03 mrad day-1, 7.72 +/- 0.05 mrem day-1, and 1.83 +/- 0.1, respectively.  The dose rate, dose-equivalent rate, and quality factor for galactic cosmic radiation were 5.34 +/- 0.03 mrad day-1, 14.63 +/- 0.06 mrem day-1, and 2.74 +/- 0.1, respectively.  The overall quality factor for the flight was 2.38.  The dose from the GCR is higher than from SAA protons because of the high inclination and low altitude of this flight.  The AP8MAX model of the trapped radiation gives a dose rate of 2.43 mrad day-1 and a quality factor of 1.77.  The CREME solar maximum model of galactic cosmic radiation gives a dose rate of 2.54 mrad day-1 and a quality factor of 2.91.  Thus the AP8MAX model underestimates the dose by a factor of 1.8 whereas the CREME model leads to an underestimation of the dose by a factor of 2.  A comparison of the LET spectra using the AP8MAX model and galactic cosmic radiation transport codes shows only a qualitative agreement.
authors.affiliation: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Badhwar
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Braby
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Atwell
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008280:Magnetics; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016082:Solar System; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*