title: Phase i/ii trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults.
abstract: Tenofovir DF is an antiviral nucleotide with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The pharmacokinetics, safety, and activity of oral tenofovir DF in HIV-1-infected adults were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, escalating-dose study of four doses (75, 150, 300, and 600 mg given once daily). Subjects received a single dose of tenofovir DF or a placebo, followed by a 7-day washout period. Thereafter, subjects received their assigned study drug once daily for 28 days. Pharmacokinetic parameters were dose proportional and demonstrated no change with repeated dosing. Reductions in plasma HIV-1 RNA were dose related at tenofovir DF doses of 75 to 300 mg, but there was no increase in virus suppression between the 300- and 600-mg dose cohorts, despite dose-proportional increases in drug exposure. Grade III or IV adverse events were limited to laboratory abnormalities, including elevated creatine phosphokinase and liver function tests, which resolved with or without drug discontinuation and without sequelae. No patients developed detectable sequence changes in the reverse transcriptase gene.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. pbarditc@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barditch-Crovo
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Deeks
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Safrin
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Coakley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Lamy
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lietman
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000068698:Tenofovir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine