title: Cohort study of the prognostic significance of acute transplant glomerulitis in acutely rejecting renal allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute transplant glomerulitis is a unique lesion in renal allografts, the prognostic significance of which is controversial. We conducted this retrospective cohort study to examine the independent prognostic significance of moderate-to-severe transplant glomerulitis in acute rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal allograft survival for patients with acute rejection were studied, comparing one group with significant glomerulitis (G, n=28) with those with no glomerulitis (NG, n=35). Clinical, biopsy, and demographic data and renal graft survival were compared, and the association of G with graft failure was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the G versus NG group, a greater percentage of patients were highly sensitized (peak panel reactive antibody value >80%; P=0.009), had had a previous renal transplant (40% vs. 11%; P=0.02), or had suffered from delayed graft function (P=0.03). The G group had a trend toward earlier rejection episodes (P=0.07), a significantly higher serum creatinine at the time of index biopsy (P=0.01), a higher prevalence of vascular rejection (P=0.02), and less improvement in mean reciprocal serum creatinine at 1-2 weeks after biopsy (P=0.02). Although there was a trend toward shorter allograft survival in the G group (P=0.09), the level of significance of which increased with adjustment for transplantation time period and the duration of the transplant-biopsy interval (P=0.06), the relative risk for graft loss was no longer significant when additionally adjusted for index biopsy Banff score (relative risk, 0.97; P=0.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, G was significantly more common in highly sensitized patients and was strongly associated with vascular rejection biopsies but was not an independent predictor of graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Messias
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eustace
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zachary
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charney
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Racusen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000150:complications*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects