title: Prevalence of driver sleepiness in a random population-based sample of car driving.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain reliable estimates of the prevalence of driver sleepiness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to obtain a sample of car drivers representative of time spent driving on public roads in a geographically defined region. Data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed in accordance with the sampling design.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Auckland region of New Zealand, between April 1998 and July 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  588 drivers of cars and other light vehicles recruited at 69 roadside survey sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 746 eligible participants, 79% were interviewed, 12% refused, 8% were untraceable, and 1% were unable to give informed consent. From this sample we estimated that 58.7% of driving was undertaken by men. The vast majority of driving (90.8%) was undertaken by drivers with Epworth Sleepiness scores in the normal range (<10), but a significant minority was undertaken by drivers with one or more characteristics likely to impair alertness. 3.1% had < or = 5 hours sleep in the previous 24 hours, and 21.9% had < or = 4 full nights sleep in the previous week. The triad of symptoms associated with sleep apnea (snoring, choking, and breathing pauses while sleeping) was present in 1.6%; and 8.1% worked a pattern of shifts likely to interfere with normal sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of sleepiness amongst a random sample of New Zealand car driving was low, and less than suggested by previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Injury Prevention Research Centre, Department of Community Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. j.connor@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ameratunga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wigmore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires