title: Aspirin use and all-cause mortality among patients being evaluated for known or suspected coronary artery disease: A propensity analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although aspirin has been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and short-term mortality following acute myocardial infarction, the association between its use and long-term all-cause mortality has not been well defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether aspirin is associated with a mortality benefit in stable patients with known or suspected coronary disease and to identify patient characteristics that predict the maximum absolute mortality benefit from aspirin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized, observational cohort study conducted between 1990 and 1998 at an academic medical institution, with a median follow-up of 3.1 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 6174 consecutive adults undergoing stress echocardiography for evaluation of known or suspected coronary disease, 2310 (37%) were taking aspirin. Patients with significant valvular disease or documented contraindication to aspirin use, including peptic ulcer disease, renal insufficiency, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  All-cause mortality according to aspirin use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 3.1 years of follow-up, 276 patients (4.5%) died. In a simple univariable analysis, there was no association between aspirin use and mortality (4.5% vs 4.5%). However, after adjustment for age, sex, standard cardiovascular risk factors, use of other medications, coronary disease history, ejection fraction, exercise capacity, heart rate recovery, and echocardiographic ischemia, aspirin use was associated with reduced mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.87; P =.002). In further analysis using matching by propensity score, 1351 patients who were taking aspirin were at lower risk for death than 1351 patients not using aspirin (4% vs 8%, respectively; HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38-0.74; P =.002). After adjusting for the propensity for using aspirin, as well as other possible confounders and interactions, aspirin use remained associated with a lower risk for death (adjusted HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40-0.78; P<.001). The patient characteristics associated with the most aspirin-related reductions in mortality were older age, known coronary artery disease, and impaired exercise capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspirin use among patients undergoing stress echocardiography was independently associated with reduced long-term all-cause mortality, particularly among older patients, those with known coronary artery disease, and those with impaired exercise capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Desk F25, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thamilarasan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lauer
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin