title: Comparison of initial combination antiretroviral therapy with a single protease inhibitor, ritonavir and saquinavir, or efavirenz.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of initial highly active antiretroviral therapy with either: a single protease inhibitor (PI); ritonavir (RTV)/saquinavir (SQV); or efavirenz (EFV) plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban HIV clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-hundred and forty-five HIV-1-infected individuals with minimal antiretroviral exposure who started combination therapy with > or = 3 antiretroviral drugs and > or = 1 NRTI to which they had not previously been exposed (single PI, 416; RTV/SQV, 68; EFV, 61).
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/ml within 8 months of starting therapy; time to HIV-1 RNA rebound to > 1000 copies/ml in the subset of patients achieving initial viral suppression; change in CD4 cell count from baseline within 12 months of starting therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By intent-to-treat analysis, initial viral suppression was achieved by 72% of patients in the EFV group, compared to 49% in the single PI group (P = 0.001) and 51% in the RTV/SQV group (P = 0.019). Among patients who achieved initial viral suppression, time to viral rebound was similar in the three groups. Durable viral suppression (> or = 3 consecutive HIV-1 RNA levels < 400 copies/ml for > 6 months) was achieved by 53% of patients in the EFV group, 26% in the single PI group, and 29% in the RTV/SQV group (P < 0.05 for both comparisons with EFV). The median CD4 cell count increase was 139 x 10(6) cells/l, and was similar in the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In agreement with a recent clinical trial, use of initial EFV-based combination antiretroviral therapy was associated with higher rates of viral suppression than PI-based therapy in a clinical cohort.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Chaisson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D048588:Benzoxazines; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010078:Oxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010078:Oxazines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C098320:efavirenz; D019258:Saquinavir; D019438:Ritonavir