title: Comprehensive analysis of citrate effects during plateletpheresis in normal donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although plateletpheresis procedures are generally well tolerated, the clinical and metabolic consequences associated with rapid infusion of up to 10 g of citrate are underappreciated, and a comprehensive description of these events is not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory changes were studied in seven healthy donors undergoing three 90-minute plateletpheresis procedures each, at continuous, fixed citrate infusion rates of 1.1, 1.4, and 1.6 mg per kg per minute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum citrate levels increased markedly with increasing citrate infusion rates and did not achieve a stable plateau. As citrate infusion rates increased, the total volume processed and platelet yields also increased, but donor symptoms became more severe. Ionized calcium (iCa) and ionized magnesium (iMg) concentrations decreased markedly, by 33 and 39 percent below baseline, respectively, at a citrate rate of 1.6 mg per kg per minute. Intact parathyroid hormone levels were higher at 30 minutes than at later time points, despite progressive decreases in iCa and iMg. Urine citrate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium concentrations and urine pH values increased markedly during all procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Marked, progressive increases in serum citrate levels occur during plateletpheresis, accompanied by symptomatic decreases in iCa and iMg, with significantly increased renal excretion of calcium, magnesium, and citrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. cbolan@mail.cc.nih.gov
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bolan
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cecco
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oblitas
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rehak
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Leitman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000652:urine; D001782:Blood Donors; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010983:Plateletpheresis; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D007477:Ions; D019343:Citric Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium