title: Artificial gravity in space flight.
abstract: Clearly, physiologic adaptation to terrestrial life for all animals is assured only by frequent encounters with gravity.  Indeed, upon exposure to weightlessness in space flight, losses of physiologic functions quickly begin.  Some physiologic parameters change more rapidly than others, but the deconditioning process starts rapidly.  The rates of functional losses for all affected parameters are interesting in that they appear to approach a limit; i.e., losses of these functions may not continue until indefinitely.  The regulation of this functional asymptotic response to space is not known, but probably based on functional requirements of the body to life itself and perhaps genetic expression.  The latter controlling mechanism (DNA) functions only on aquatic (weightless) animals on Earth--land animals must stimulate these physiologic functions as they relate to gravity on a regular frequent basis.  This loss of regulation upon entering the weightless environment is fascinating since land-based animals including the humans have evolved from millions (perhaps billions) of years of terrestrially adapted ancestors.  One would expect some DNA involvement in the regulation of its physiology, but it appears to be absent.  Therefore, if the functional debilitation of space is to be denied, we must begin to understand the adaptation process of the sole basis for the control of our physiologic processes on land; i.e., how gravity regulates our biologic functions.  To learn about this regulatory mechanism, some inquiry into how aquatic animals first adapted to living on land might be helpful.
authors.affiliation: Crew Systems Directorate, Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D018493:Cardiovascular Deconditioning / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002498:Centrifugation; D018470:Gravity, Altered; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000517:prevention & control; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors; D014893:Weightlessness; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures