title: Late outcome after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early and midterm results of the arterial switch operation (ASO) in transposition of the great arteries (TGA) are good, but late outcome data in large populations are still few.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve hundred patients had an ASO for TGA between 1982 and 1999, with prospective follow-up of 1095 survivors. Outcome measures included late death, reoperation, aortic insufficiency (AI), pulmonary stenosis (PS), and coronary anomaly. Median follow-up was 4.9 years (range 0.5 to 17 years). Late death occurred in 32 patients; survival was 88% at both 10 and 15 years. The hazard function for death declined rapidly, with no deaths after 5 years. Late mortality was correlated with reintervention and major events in the intensive care unit. Reoperation was performed in 103 patients, more often in complex TGA; the cause was mainly PS. Freedom from reintervention was 82% at 10 and 15 years, with a hazard function that declined rapidly but slowly increased after 3 years. At the last follow-up, PS was present in 3.9% of patients, and grade II or more AI was present in 3.2%, with a cumulative incidence of 9% at 15 years. Among the 278 patients who had a coronary arteriography, 8% had coronary lesions. Normal left ventricle and sinus rhythm were seen in 96.4% and 98.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fifteen years after ASO, late mortality was low, with no deaths after 5 years; reoperation, mainly owing to PS, occurred throughout the follow-up. AI and coronary obstruction are rare but warrant further follow-up. Good left ventricular function and sinus rhythm are maintained.
authors.affiliation: Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France. jlosay@ccml.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Losay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touchot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serraf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Litvinova
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Piot
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lacour-Gayet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capderou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Planche
mesh_terms: D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome