title: Biological dosimetry to determine the UV radiation climate inside the MIR station and its role in vitamin D biosynthesis.
abstract: The vitamin D synthesis in the human skin, is absolutely dependent on UVB radiation. Natural UVB from sunlight is normally absent in the closed environment of a space station like MIR. Therefore it was necessary to investigate the UV radiation climate inside the station resulting from different lamps as well as from occasional solar irradiation behind a UV-transparent quartz window. Biofilms, biologically weighting and integrating UV dosimeters successfully applied on Earth (e.g. in Antarctica) and in space (D-2, Biopan I) were used to determine the biological effectiveness of the UV radiation climate at different locations in the space station. Biofilms were also used to determine the personal UV dose of an individual cosmonaut. These UV data were correlated with the concentration of vitamin D in the cosmonaut's blood and the dietary vitamin D intake. The results showed that the UV radiation climate inside the Mir station is not sufficient for an adequate supply of vitamin D, which should therefore be secured either by vitamin D supplemental and/or by the regular exposure to special UV lamps like those in sun-beds. The use of natural solar UV radiation through the quartz window for 'sunbathing' is dangerous and should be avoided even for short exposure periods.
authors.affiliation: DLR, Institut fur Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Strahlenbiologie, Koln, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rettberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horneck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zittermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heer
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D018441:Biofilms; D015415:Biomarkers; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013026:Space Flight; D013472:Sunlight; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol