title: CD28 is not required for c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in T cells.
abstract: Studies in Jurkat cells have shown that combined stimulation through the TCR and CD28 is required for activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), suggesting that JNK activity may mediate the costimulatory function of CD28. To examine the role of JNK signaling in CD28 costimulation in normal T cells, murine T cell clones and CD28(+/+) or CD28(-/-) TCR transgenic T cells were used. Although ligation with anti-CD28 mAb augmented JNK activation in Th1 and Th2 clones stimulated with low concentrations of anti-CD3 mAb, higher concentrations of anti-CD3 mAb alone were sufficient for JNK activation even in the absence of anti-CD28. JNK activity was comparably induced in both CD28(+/+) and CD28(-/-) 2C/recombinase-activating gene 2(RAG2)(-/-) T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb alone, and with L(d)/peptide dimers, a direct alphabeta TCR ligand. Moreover, JNK activation was also detected in 2C/RAG2(-/-) T cells stimulated with P815 cells that express the relevant alloantigen L(d) whether or not B7-1 was coexpressed. However, IL-2 production by both Th1 clones and CD28(+/+) 2C/RAG2(-/-) T cells was detected only upon TCR and CD28 coengagement. Thus, CD28 coligation is not necessary, and stimulation through the TCR is sufficient, for JNK activation in normal murine T cells. The concept that JNK mediates the costimulatory function of CD28 needs to be reconsidered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Herrin
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Gajewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006183:H-2 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D064532:Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D012515:Mast-Cell Sarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000201:enzymology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D064532:Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009842:Oligopeptides; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C064655:V(D)J recombination activating protein 2; C088354:p2Ca peptide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases