title: Dosimetric comparison of radionuclides for therapy of somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapy of tumors expressing somatostatin receptors, sstr, has recently been clinically tested using somatostatin analogues labeled with (111)In and (90)Y. Several other radionuclides, i.e., (131)I, (161)Tb, (64)Cu, (188)Re, (177)Lu, and (67)Ga, have also been proposed for this type of therapy. The aim of this work was to investigate the usefulness of the above-mentioned radionuclides bound to somatostatin analogues for tumor therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biokinetic data of (111)In-labeled octreotide in mice and man were used, primarily from our studies but sometimes from the literature. Dosimetric calculations were performed with the assumption that biokinetics were similar for all radionuclides bound to somatostatin analogues. The cumulated tumor:normal-tissue activity concentration, TNC was calculated for the various physical half-lives of the radionuclides. Using mathematical models, the tumor:normal-tissue mean absorbed dose rate ratio, TN D and tumor:normal-tissue mean absorbed dose ratio, TND, were calculated for various tumor sizes in mice and humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNC of radionuclide-labeled octreotide increased with physical half-life for most organs, both in mice and in humans. TN D showed that radionuclides emitting electrons with too high energy are not suitable for therapy of small tumors. Furthermore, radionuclides with a higher frequency of photon emissions relative to electron emissions will yield lower TN D and are thus less suitable for therapy than radionuclides with a lower frequency of photon emissions. The TND was highest for (161)Tb in both mice and humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that long-lived radionuclides, which emit electrons with rather low energy and which have low frequency of photon emissions, should be the preferred therapy for disseminated small sstr-expressing tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden. peter.bernhardt@radfys.gu.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Benjegård
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kölby
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Johanson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahlman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forssell-Aronsson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011853:Radiobiology; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin