The Italian national survey of aircrew exposure: II. On-board measurements and results.
The Italian survey of aircrew exposure has been carried out with different advanced dosimetric systems, as described in part I of this paper. The key strategy of the survey was to obtain on-board comparison of measurements for both passive and real-time detectors flown together with passengers. The survey has been carried out in the period of solar minimum (1995-1997), in which the exposure to galactic cosmic rays reaches its maximum value. Even though carrying out the survey in the period of solar minimum was entirely coincidental, this circumstance has been used to good advantage to obtain a comprehensive set of data of the galactic cosmic radiation with little or no disturbance by the solar activity modulation. This comprehensive set of data covers flight routes between -20 degrees and 75 degrees geographic latitude at different civil aviation altitudes. The survey obtained with different advanced dosimetric systems has been supplemented by a large variety of data gathered with passive stacks on different short-range and long-range flights at supersonic and subsonic altitudes. Some of the most important conclusions which can be drawn from the survey are: (i) aircrew of civil aviation receive annual doses within the range of 1 mSv to 6 mSv; (ii) data from different periods of solar minimum agree well, since the discrepancies encountered seem mainly due to the different dosimetric systems used; (iii) repeated measurements on the same route are highly consistent.
Curzio
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Dipartimento Ingegneria Meccanica, Nucleare e della Produzione, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Grillmaier
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O'Sullivan
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D
Pelliccioni
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M
Piermattei
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Tommasino
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L
D000401:Aircraft; D000531:Altitude; D001359:Aviation; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004601:Elementary Particles; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019445:Solar Activity