title: Microbial colonization of a closed growth chamber during hydroponic cultivation of lettuce.
abstract: The goal of this study was to characterize sessile and planktonic microbiota that developed during two successive hydroponic cultures of lettuce in a closed chamber system. Coupons of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) placed in the nutrient solution lines were removed periodically, as were samples of the nutrient solutions and condensate from the air-handling system. The bacteria and fungi present on the coupons and in fluid samples were enumerated by direct plate counts. Disinfecting the hydroponic system with 0.1% hypochlorite and 0.1 N nitric acid reduced the bacterial densities in biofilm samples from 1 x 10(7) CFU/10 cm2 to 1 x 10(1) CFU/10 cm2 and eliminated culturable fungi; Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Micrococcus sp. survived this procedure. Bacterial and fungal concentrations in all samples returned to predisinfection levels after 2 days of plant growth. Pseudomonas and Acremonium predominated both before and after disinfection. Fungal concentrations never exceeded 7 x 10(2) CFU/10 cm2. The coupon microbiota differed from that of the rhizoplane at harvest. Overall, the greatest numbers of species were found on the rhizoplane samples collected during the second crop. The microbial community changed little during individual crops or between successive crops. Diversity indices remained relatively constant for all samples.
authors.affiliation: KRUG Life Sciences Inc., Houston, TX 77058, USA. david.w.koenig1@jsc.nasa.gov
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barta
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pierson
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004203:Disinfection; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development; D018527:Hydroponics; D018545:Lactuca / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D008021:Life Support Systems; D013997:Time Factors; D014871:Water Microbiology