title: Laser lithotripsy of a urethral calculus via ischial urethrotomy in a steer.
abstract: A steer examined because of obstructive urolithiasis and urethral rupture underwent laser lithotripsy, using a chromium-thulium-holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser inserted through an ischial urethrotomy. Procedures were performed with caudal epidural anesthesia. Six months after surgery, the urethra was patent with no clinical evidence of urethral stricture or fistula. Ischial urethrotomy provided rapid access to the bladder for catheterization and to the obstructive urolith for lithotripsy. Laser lithotripsy was a rapid and effective means of urolith removal in this steer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Streeter
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Higbee
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery