Regulation of the ANF and BNP promoters by GATA factors: lessons learned for cardiac transcription.
The identification and molecular cloning of the cardiac transcription factors GATA-4, -5, and -6 has greatly contributed to our understanding of how tissue-specific transcription is achieved during cardiac growth and development. Through analysis of their interacting partners, it has also become apparent that a major mechanism underlying spatial and temporal specificity within the heart as well as in the response to cardiogenic regulators is the combinatorial interaction between cardiac-restricted and inducible transcription factors. The cardiac GATA factors appear to be fundamental contributors to these regulatory networks. Two of the first targets identified for the cardiac GATA factors were the natriuretic peptide genes encoding atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), the major heart secretory products that are also accepted clinical markers of the diseased heart. Studies using the ANF and BNP promoters as models of cardiac-specific transcription have unraveled the pivotal role that GATA proteins play in cardiac gene expression. We review the current knowledge on the modulation of the natriuretic peptide promoters by GATA factors, including examples of combinatorial interactions between GATA proteins and diverse transcription factors.
McBride
K
K
Laboratoire de développement et différenciation cardiaques, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, QC, Canada.
Nemer
M
M
D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D050992:GATA5 Transcription Factor; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D050992:GATA5 Transcription Factor; C494755:GATA5 protein, human; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; C494759:GATA6 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor