title: The toxicity of chlorpyrifos towards differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the outgrowth of axons by differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. This was achieved by morphological, Western blotting and enzymatic analyses of cells induced to differentiate in the presence and absence of CPF added either at the same time (co-differentiation) or 16 h after (post-differentiation) the induction of cell differentiation. The outgrowth of axon-like processes was impaired following 4 or 8 h exposure to CPF in both co- and post-differentiation experiments. Western blotting analysis revealed reduced levels of neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) following 8 h of exposure but no significant effect at 4 h under both co- and post-differentiation conditions. By contrast, levels of the heat shock protein HSP-70 were raised at both time points, but only in co-differentiation experiments. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) activity was lower than controls following 4 or 8 h of exposure under co-differentiation conditions, but not under any post-differentiation conditions. The results suggest that the inhibition of axon production and maintenance by CPF in differentiating N2a cells may involve multiple targets, which are different under co- and post-differentiation conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sachana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flaskos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alexaki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; C051774:neurofilament protein H; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos