title: The mechanism by which an asymmetric distribution of plant growth hormone is attained.
abstract: Zea mays (sweet corn) seedlings attain an asymmetric distribution of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) within 3 minutes following a gravity stimulus.  Both free and esterified IAA (that is total IAA) accumulate to a greater extent in the lower half of the mesocotyl cortex of a horizontally placed seedling than in the upper half.  Thus, changes in the ratio of free IAA to ester IAA cannot account for the asymmetric distribution.  Our studies demonstrate there is no de novo synthesis of IAA in young seedlings.  We conclude that asymmetric IAA distribution is attained by a gravity-induced, potential-regulated gating of the movement of IAA from kernel to shoot and from stele to cortex.  As a working theory, which we call the Potential Gating Theory, we propose that perturbation of the plant's bioelectric field, induced by gravity, causes opening and closing of transport channels in the plasmodesmata connecting the vascular stele to the surrounding cortical tissues.  This results in asymmetric growth hormone distribution which results in the asymmetric growth characteristics of the gravitropic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1312.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bandurski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desrosiers
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Epel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006112:Gravitation; D018522:Gravitropism / Q000502:physiology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C030737:indoleacetic acid