title: The aquatic fate of triclopyr in whole-pond treatments.
abstract: The aquatic fate of the triethylamine salt formulation of triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) was determined in whole-pond applications in closed (no water exchange) systems in California, Missouri and Texas in two studies conducted in 1995 and 1996. These studies determined dissipation rates of triclopyr and its principal metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-methoxypridine (TMP) in water, sediment and finfish. Ponds at each site containing a healthy biological community were treated at 2.5 mg AE litre-1 triclopyr. Water and sediment samples were collected through 12 weeks post-treatment, and non-target animals were collected through 4 weeks post-treatment. Dissipation rates for triclopyr, TCP and TMP were similar at each of the study sites, despite differences in weather, water quality, biotic community, light transmission and geographic location. Half-lives of triclopyr in water ranged from 5.9 to 7.5 days, while those of TCP and TMP ranged from 4 to 8.8 and 4 to 10 days, respectively. Levels of triclopyr and TCP declined in sediments at half-lives ranging from 2.8 to 4.6 days and 3.8 to 13.3 days, respectively. No TMP was detected in sediment. Triclopyr and TCP cleared from fish in relation to concentrations found in the water column. TMP levels in fish were generally an order of magnitude higher than levels of triclopyr and TCP, particularly in the visceral portion of the animals. No adverse effects on water quality or on the non-target biotic community were found following triclopyr applications. Results of these studies were comparable to those of triclopyr dissipation studies conducted in reservoirs, lakes and riverine systems in Georgia, Florida, Minnesota and Washington, indicating that the degradation and dissipation of triclopyr and its metabolites are similar in representative systems throughout the USA.
authors.affiliation: NDR Research, 710 Hanna Street, Plainfield, IN 46168-1245, USA.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Skogerboe
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Getsinger
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Houtman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fairchild
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D006016:Glycolates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000378:metabolism; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D006016:Glycolates; D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032742:triclopyr