title: Zooming-in on the proteome: very narrow-range immobilised pH gradients reveal more protein species and isoforms.
abstract: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) enables separation of complex mixtures of proteins on a single polyacrylamide gel according to isoelectric point, molecular weight, solubility, and relative abundance. For this reason, 2-DE together with mass spectrometry (MS) has become a key technology in proteome analysis. The introduction of immobilised pH gradients (IPGs) for isoelectric focusing of proteins affords improved reproducibility and permits full-scale proteome analyses to be undertaken. Whilst broad-range IPGs are useful for investigating simple proteomes (e.g. Mycoplasma genitalium) it is becoming clear that additional resolving power is needed for separating the more complex proteomes of eukaryotic organisms. The use of narrow-range and very narrow-range IPGs provides the means with which to dissect a complex proteome. We have compared very narrow-range IPGs (3.5-4.5L, 4-5L, 4.5-5.5L, 5-6L, and 5.5-6.7L) with broad- (3-10NL) and narrow-range IPGs (4-7L and 6-9L) for the visualisation of the human heart proteome. The superior ability of very narrow-range IPGs to separate different protein species and isoforms, compared with 3-10NL and 4-7L 2-D gels is demonstrated. The results are supported by MS identifications which further show that reduction of the number of comigrating protein species results in less ambiguous and more reliable database search results.
authors.affiliation: National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, UK. jules.westbrook@harefield.nthames.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wait
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Welson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020543:Proteome; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C107608:FABP7 protein, human; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011506:Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins