title: Inhalation risk in low-gravity spacecraft.
abstract: Inhalation risks on long-duration manned spaced flight include gasses chronically released by outgassing of materials, gasses released during spills, thermodegradation events (including fires) with their attendant particulates, and fire extinguishment.  As an example, an event in which electronic insulation consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene undergoes thermodegradation on the Space Station Freedom was modeled experimentally and theoretically from the initial chemistry and convective transport through pulmonary deposition in humans. The low-gravity environment was found to impact various stages of event simulation. Critical unknowns were identified, and these include the extent of production of ultrafine particles and polymeric products at the source in low gravity, the transport of ultrafine particles in the spacecraft air quality control system, and the biological response of the lung, including alveolar macrophages, to this inhalation risk in low gravity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sklar
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oberdorster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018481:Convection; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D004782:Environmental Health; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015657:Respiratory Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D013026:Space Flight; D018531:Spacecraft; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene