title: Synergistic effect of cadmium chloride and acetaldehyde on cytotoxicity and its prevention by quercetin and glycyrrhizin.
abstract: Cadmium chloride at concentrations of 10-50mM and acetaldehyde (AA) at 1-5mM showed synergistic toxic effects on V79 cells in vitro. Furthermore, synergistic effects of these chemicals were also observed in mutagenicities of the Hprt gene within certain dose ranges (cadmium chloride 5-10mM, and AA 1-2.5mM). Moreover, lipid peroxide formation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, detected by 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction and the mitochondrial membrane potentials detected by rhodamine 123 uptake were significantly increased with the combined effect of cadmium and AA in V79. Thus, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity displayed by combination of these chemicals can be considered to be associated with oxidative stress. Further, these effects were efficiently reduced by quercetin and less efficiently with glycyrrhizin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D011794:Quercetin; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; D000079:Acetaldehyde; D019256:Cadmium Chloride