title: [Central retinal artery occlusion. Importance of selective intra-arterial fibrinolysis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional treatment of a central retinal artery occlusion usually has a poor prognosis but intra-arterial fibrinolysis (IF) of the ophthalmic artery is an invasive treatment option. The importance of IF was evaluated in 62 patients with central retinal artery occlusion and in addition the risk spectrum for this disease was considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from charts of 62 patients were retrospectively analysed. Visual recovery after IF (n = 17) was compared to conventional treatment (e.g. decrease of IOP, improvement of rheological conditions, n = 45). Patients were excluded from IF if the occlusion was present for more than 8 h, if there was a history of bleeding and previous operations, or if they were older than 85 years. IF was performed using either urokinase (n = 7) or tPA (n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 62 patients, 22 (35%) with central retinal artery occlusion underwent catheterisation. Stenosis of the carotid artery excluded IF in 5 out of these 22 cases, therefore only 17 patients were treated by IF. Of the patients, 40 (65%) were excluded from IF for various reasons: 47% (19/40) arrived later than 8 h after occlusion, 17% (7/40) did not consent to IF, 15% (6/40) had medical contraindications and 13% (5/40) were over 85 years of age. Two patients required no IF because of a cilioretinal anastomosis with moderate visual acuity and another patient showed spontaneous visual recovery during ophthalmic examination. Of the 17 patients treated with IF, 4 achieved an improvement of visual acuity by more than 2 lines, no change of visual acuity was observed in 12/17 patients and 1/17 lost more than 2 lines after treatment. Of the 45 conservatively treated patients, 16 achieved improvement by more than 2 lines and no change occurred in 29/45 patients. Three patients treated with IF suffered from a stroke during treatment. The main risk factor for central retinal artery occlusion was high blood pressure in 32% of all cases and nicotine abuse in 16%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients presented too late for IF. However, there was no statistical difference between patients with IF and conventional treatment with regards to the improvement of visual acuity. Additionally there is an increased risk of a stroke from IF, therefore a prospective study is necessary to evaluate the importance of IF. Stabilisation of high blood pressure may be the best prophylaxis for preventing a central retinal artery occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg. carsten.framme@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Framme
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roider
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Butz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Gabel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000150:complications; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator