title: Relaxin inhibits effective collagen deposition by cultured hepatic stellate cells and decreases rat liver fibrosis in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) transform into myofibroblast-like cells (activation) and are the major source of type I collagen and the potent collagenase inhibitors tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the fibrotic liver. The reproductive hormone relaxin has been reported to reduce collagen and TIMP-1 expression by dermal and lung fibroblasts and thus has potential antifibrotic activity in liver fibrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of relaxin on activated HSC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following isolation, HSC were activated by culture on plastic and exposed to relaxin (1-100 ng/ml). Collagen deposition was determined by Sirius red dye binding and radiolabelled proline incorporation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and TIMP expression were assessed by zymography and northern analysis. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA and protein levels were quantified by northern analysis and ELISA, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of activated HSC to relaxin resulted in a concentration dependent decrease in both collagen synthesis and deposition. There was a parallel decrease in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 secretion into the HSC conditioned media but no change in gelatinase expression was observed. Northern analysis demonstrated that primary HSC, continuously exposed to relaxin, had decreased TIMP-1 mRNA expression but unaltered type I collagen, collagenase (MMP-13), alpha smooth muscle actin, and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that relaxin modulates effective collagen deposition by HSC, at least in part, due to changes in the pattern of matrix degradation.
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Group, Division of Cell and Molecular Medicine, D Level, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Benyon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hadwin
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Unemori
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Iredale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012065:Relaxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D012065:Relaxin; D003094:Collagen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases