title: Frequency distribution of axon diameters in the left aortic nerve of the rat raised in space--Neurolab Program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study development of the aortic baroreflex mechanisms under conditions of microgravity, we carried out the various experiments in the neonate rats aged 25 days raised in microgravity for 16 days (flight: FLT group) in Neurolab program (STS-90, space shuttle Columbia, launch date: Apr 17, '98. Some results of the experiments were already reported. The results of histological examination of the aortic nerve which is the afferent of the aortic baroreflex showed that the number of unmyelinated fibers in FLT was significantly less in than those in two control groups and there was no difference between FLT and each control group in the analysis of myelin. In the present paper, the frequency distribution of axon diameters of the left aortic nerves in FLT was compared to that in two ground control groups to examine the growth of the aortic nerve fibers in space.
  
  
  METHODS
  After breeding Sprague-Dawley rats for 16 days in the shuttle in space and in the animal center in the Kennedy space center, a total of 43 deeply anesthetized rats were perfused with 1% parahormaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde or 4% parahormaldehyde solution buffered at pH7.4 with 0.12 M phosphate solution. Concerning the control groups, one group was the asynchronous ground control (AGC) group in which the rats were housed in the same cages as those on the shuttle, and the other was the vivarium ground control (VIV) group in which the rats were housed in commercial cages. The cervical region of the left aortic nerve which is a branch of the vagus was cut off and stored in the same fixative as that used for perfusion, and postfixed in the solution of 1% OsO4, for 2 hours within 24 hours after the perfusion. The fixed specimens were embedded in epoxy resin blocks by the usual method for electron microscopy following dehydration. Electron microscopic montages of transverse sections of these nerve trunks were made from the five left aortic nerves in each group. The magnification of the montages was approximately 13400 times. The long and short axes (a and b) of the nerve fibers and the myelin thickness (T) were measured with a caliper and the axon diameters (R were calculated by following formula: R2=[(a-2T)2+(b-2T)2]/2.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiol., Fukushima Med Univ. School of Med.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waki
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Katsuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O-ishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katahira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wago
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okoch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mukai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001011:Aorta / Q000294:innervation*; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness