title: Microvascular fluid filtration capacity (Kf) assessed with cumulative small venous pressure steps and with various degrees of tilt.
abstract: Tilt procedures are frequently used to test central and peripheral cardio-vascular reflexes. We have previously used venous congestion strain gauge plethysmography for measurement of fluid filtration capacity (Kf) in human legs and have shown that, providing small cumulative venous congestion pressure steps are applied, venous congestion pressure can be increased to arterial diastolic pressure without activating peripheral vasoconstrictor mechanisms. We have also studied the effect of passive tilting on Kf and have shown that the procedure does not influence the measured value Kf indicating that passive tilting does not after the total surface area available for fluid filtration, but rather the blood flow in the microvessels of the tissue under study. In the present protocol we compared the fluid filtration (Jv) resulting from small (7-10 mmHg) cumulative pressure steps with those obtained by altering hydrostatic load with progressive increases and decreases of head down tilt of -8 degrees -15 degrees and -30 degrees, followed by a similar pattern of 15 degrees, 30 degrees and 70 degrees of head up tilt. The values of Jv obtained in response to these procedures were compared with those deduced from the relationship between fluid filtration and venous congestion pressure (Pcuff) obtained during the small cumulative pressure step protocol. It was reasoned that reflex activation, by the tilt induced pressure load, would cause a reduction in local blood flow and enhanced microvascular fluid extraction. The resulting local increase in colloid osmotic pressure would give rise to lower values of Jv than those predicted on the basis of the Kf slope.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, Great Britain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baranov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotov
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gartside
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nehring
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Christ
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002200:Capillary Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D018475:Head-Down Tilt / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010991:Plethysmography; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000209:etiology