title: TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 gene expression polymorphisms and the IL-4 receptor alpha-chain variant Q576R: effects on renal allograft outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been much interest recently in the effects of various cytokine gene expression polymorphisms on graft outcome. However, the results of these investigations reveal the outcomes to be organ-specific and center-specific. We sought to confirm and add to some of the earlier findings by studying the impact of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphisms and the interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor alpha-chain variant on posttransplant renal allograft outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 gene promoter region polymorphisms were assayed genotypically by PCR-SSP on 120 patients transplanted at the Albany Medical Center. These patients were also typed for the IL-4 receptor alpha-chain variant Q576R.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Producers of high levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha were found to be at increased risk for acute rejection episodes if the allograft was mismatched for the molecular products of the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex (HLA-DR). Expression level polymorphisms of the IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 genes were not associated with acute rejection episodes, nor was the IL-4 receptor alpha-chain variant Q576R.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data would suggest that the production of high levels of the cytokine TNF-alpha is especially detrimental to graft survival when the recipient's T-helper lymphocytes are being activated by mismatched donor HLA-class II antigens. Typing all potential kidney recipients for TNF-alpha, and providing well-matched organs for high producers of this cytokines, may be expected to increase rejection-free graft survival in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kasten-Jolly
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Constantino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graffunder
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma