title: Overexpression of HRad17 mRNA in human breast cancer: correlation with lymph node metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A novel human gene, designated HRad17, was identified as the human homologue of the Rad17 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Rad24 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In yeast, these genes play a critical role in maintaining genomic stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of HRad17 in human breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated HRad17 mRNA expression in 64 cases of human breast cancer by means of reverse-transcription-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HRad17 mRNA was overexpressed in 35 cases (54.7%). Twenty-four (68.6%) of 35 cases with HRad17 overexpression in cancer tissues were node-positive, whereas only 8 (27.6%) of 29 cases without HRad17 overexpressions were node-positive. The expression of HRad17 mRNA correlated with both lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and high Ki67 labeling index (P = 0.006). Although not significantly different, expression of HRad17 mRNA tended to correlate with tumor size (P = 0.06) and expression of mutant p53 protein (P = 0.10). Furthermore, expression of HRad17 mRNA was an independent predictor of axillary lymph node metastasis as well as of lymphatic permeation by multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that HRad17 might be related to the development of lymph node metastasis in human breast cancers. Although its function still remains unclear, the expression of HRad17 mRNA could open up a new window for the diagnostic staging and treatment of human breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadanaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueo
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Auclair
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C113575:Rad17 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53