title: Nasal immunization with subunit proteosome influenza vaccines induces serum HAI, mucosal IgA and protection against influenza challenge.
abstract: The immunogenicity of a mucosally delivered subunit influenza vaccine was assessed in mice. Split influenza virus vaccine (sFlu) was formulated with proteosomes (Pr-sFlu), administered intranasally, and the induced immunity was compared with the responses elicited by sFlu alone given either intramuscularly or intranasally. Intranasal (i.n.) immunization with Pr-sFlu induced specific serum IgG and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers comparable to or better than those induced by intramuscular (i.m.) sFlu, and in contrast to sFlu alone, i.n. Pr-sFlu also induced high levels of influenza-specific IgA in lung and nasal washes. Mice receiving i.n. Pr-sFlu were completely protected against live virus challenge, as were mice immunized by injection with sFlu alone. The i.n. Pr-sFlu elicited cytokine responses polarized towards a type 1 phenotype whereas those elicited by sFlu alone were of a mixed type 1/type 2 phenotype. The data strongly suggest that i.n. proteosome-formulated influenza antigens are highly effective and are excellent candidates for a non-invasive human vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Intellivax International Inc., 7150 Frederick Banting, Suite 200, Que., H4S 2A1, Ville St-Laurent, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torossian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: St-Félix
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lowell
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Burt
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex