title: A method for preserving saliva samples at ambient temperatures.
abstract: To facilitate biochemical and biopharmaceutical studies when cold storage is unavailable, we assessed the stability of saliva samples containing preservatives stored at room temperature over a 1-year period. Two preservative mixtures were evaluated: sodium benzoate and citric acid (P1), and ethyl and propyl paraben (P2). Saliva samples were spiked with acetaminophen (APAP) or antipyrine (AP) and stored in preservative-coated vials and examined for concentrations of APAP, AP, melatonin, and cortisol at regular intervals as a function of preservative type and storage duration. Samples were stored at room temperature or at -20 degrees C (positive control) and analyzed periodically for APAP and AP by high-performance liquid chromatography and for melatonin and cortisol by radioimmunoassay. The effectiveness of the preservatives was determined by calculating the value of samples stored at room temperature in terms of percent of control (-20 degrees C) values. P1 effectively maintained the stability of APAP (100%) and AP (100%) for 360 days at room temperature; concentrations in samples at room temperature on day 360 were comparable to those on day 01. P1 also effectively maintained melatonin (100%) and cortisol (95%) concentrations for 180 days at room temperature. P2 preserved AP and cortisol in saliva for 60 days, but APAP for only 14 days.
authors.affiliation: Universities Space Research Association, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nimmagudda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Putcha
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000032:analysis; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000032:analysis; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010226:Parabens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014021:Tissue Preservation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D010226:Parabens; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; C012313:ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate; D019343:Citric Acid; D000082:Acetaminophen; D008550:Melatonin; D000983:Antipyrine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; C006068:propylparaben