title: Risk of continued intravesical therapy and delayed cystectomy in BCG-refractory superficial bladder cancer: an investigational approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk of continued intravesical therapy and delayed cystectomy in the management of superficial bladder cancer refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 24 patients who underwent an experimental intravesical treatment with BCG plus interferon alpha-2b or valrubicin for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. All patients had Stage Tis and/or T1 transitional cell carcinoma and had failed multiple prior courses of intravesical therapy, including at least one course of BCG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were followed up for a median of 28.5 months (range 6 to 48). One patient died of unrelated disease. All other patients were alive at last follow-up. Fourteen patients with preserved bladder were continuing cystoscopic surveillance: four had no recurrence, five had recurrence limited to the mucosa (Ta or Tis) and became free of disease after an additional course of intravesical therapy, and five had recurrent Ta or Tis or positive cytologic findings. The remaining 9 patients underwent radical cystectomy. All pathologic specimens showed no evidence of progression to muscle-invasive disease. Tis of the resected ureters in 6 and involvement of the prostate in 4 of the 9 patients (three in the urethral ducts and glands and one in the prostatic stroma) were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A select group of patients with BCG-refractory transitional cell carcinoma and a poor surgical risk for cystectomy may benefit from continued intravesical therapy without a significant risk of progression. However, a cautious approach to this treatment modality is recommended, and very close follow-up is necessary to detect bladder recurrences and involvement of the upper tract and prostatic urethra.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neulander
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wajsman
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C016163:valrubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin