title: Heterogeneous, restricted patterns of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent gene expression in patients with chronic active EBV infection.
abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to infect T lymphocytes and to be associated with a chronic active infection (CAEBV), which has been recognized as a mainly non-neoplastic T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (T-cell LPD). The systemic distribution of EBV genomes was studied, by real-time PCR, in multiple tissues from six patients with CAEBV, including three patients with T-cell LPD, one patient with B-cell LPD and two patients with undetermined cell-type LPD. There were extremely high loads of EBV genomes in all tissues from the patients. This reflects an abundance of circulating and infiltrating EBV-infected cells and a wide variety of clinical symptoms in the affected tissues. We chose one sample from each patient that was shown by real-time PCR to contain a high load of EBV genomes and examined the expression of EBV latent genes by RT-PCR. EBER1 and EBNA1 transcripts were detected in all samples. Only one sample also expressed EBNA2, LMP1 and LMP2A transcripts in addition to EBER1 and EBNA1 transcripts. Two of the remaining five samples expressed LMP1 and LMP2A transcripts. One sample expressed LMP2A but not LMP1 and EBNA2 transcripts. Another sample expressed EBNA2 but not LMP1 and LMP2A transcripts. The other sample did not express transcripts of any of the other EBNAs or LMPs. None of the samples expressed the viral immediate-early gene BZLF1. These results showed that EBV latent gene expression in CAEBV is heterogeneous and that restricted forms of EBV latency might play a pathogenic role in the development of CAEBV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan1.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan1.
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan2.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan1.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan1.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan1.
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: C063676:BZLF1 protein, Herpesvirus 4, Human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; C099537:Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins