title: Orthodontic treatment for patients with Turner syndrome.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the distinctive characteristics of Turner syndrome and to illustrate how they influenced the orthodontic treatment of a 17-year-old patient with Turner syndrome. The rate and the timing of growth, the development of the craniofacial structures, and the somatic and dental morphology unique to Turner syndrome significantly influence orthodontic treatment. Modifications that might be required to orthodontic treatment plans include (1) antibiotic prophylaxis, (2) occlusal adjustments to account for altered dental morphology, (3) altered treatment timing because of major differences in growth and differences between chronological and skeletal ages, and (4) growth hormone therapy. Orthodontists must understand the characteristics of Turner syndrome and modify the patient's treatment plan accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Kathy.Russell@Dal.ca
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology