title: Behavior of Japanese tree frogs under microgravity on MIR and in parabolic flight.
abstract: Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica) were flown to the space station MIR and spent eight days in orbit during December, 1990.  Under microgravity, their postures and behaviors were observed and recorded.  On the MIR, floating frogs stretched four legs out, bent their bodies backward and expanded their abdomens.  Frogs on a surface often bent their neck backward and walked backwards.  This behavior was observed on parabolic flights and resembles the retching behavior of sick frogs on land--a possible indicator of motion sickness.  Observations on MIR were carried out twice to investigate the frog's adaptation to space.  The frequency of failure in landing after a jump decreased in the second observation period.  After the frogs returned to earth, readaptation processes were observed.  The frogs behaved normally as early as 2.5 hours after landing.
authors.affiliation: Space Utilization Research Center, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izumi-Kurotani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurotani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mogami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oketa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wassersug
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naitoh
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013026:Space Flight; D018489:Space Motion Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014586:USSR; D014839:Vomiting; D014893:Weightlessness