title: Quantitative echocardiographic assessment of the performance of the functionally single right ventricle after the Fontan operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Performance of the functionally single right ventricle may deteriorate over time. Quantitative assessment of this chamber, however, is complicated by its asymmetric geometry. Automatic detection of borders, and the Doppler-derived index of myocardial performance, are echocardiographic techniques that allow for quantitative assessment regardless of ventricular shape. We sought to evaluate the mechanics of contraction and relaxation in the functionally single right ventricle using these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated systemic ventricular function in 35 asymptomatic patients with functionally single right ventricle, having a mean age of 7.8+/-3.1 years, who had undergone the Fontan procedure. We compared them with 32 age-matched normal controls using both automatic detection of borders and Doppler indexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the controls, the group with a functionally single right ventricle demonstrated diminished systolic function as evidenced by a lower fractional change in area (42.7+/-10.1% vs. 54.6+/-10.5%, p = 0.001), and diminished diastolic function, as demonstrated by a greater reliance on atrial contraction to achieve ventricular filling (32.0+/-4.4% vs. 22.2+/-4.1%, p = 0.001). The mean index of myocardial performance in those with functionally single right ventricles was also greater than in controls (0.41+/-0.12 vs. 0.30+/-0.05, p = 0.001), and the indexed ejection time was shorter (0.35+/-0.05 vs. 0.39+/-0.05, p = 0.01), suggesting less efficient ventricular mechanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that the systolic and diastolic properties of the functionally single right ventricle differ significantly from those of the normal systemic left ventricle. Use of the echocardiographic techniques provide insight into ventricular mechanics in patients with functionally single ventricles, and may be valuable tools for serial quantitative follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Mahle
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Coon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wernovsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rychik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors