title: Vegetative growth of higher plants on a three-dimensional clinostat.
abstract: Seedlings of rice, maize, cress, pea, and azuki bean were grown on a three-dimensional clinostat and changes in their vegetative growth processes were analyzed.  A balanced relationship among the length or the weight of each organ was observed in these species even on the clinostat.  Growth of pea second internodes is supported by the transport of sugars from the cotyledons, which was not influenced by the clinostat rotation.  Thus, growth correlation and the translocation of sugars normally occurred even under simulated microgravity conditions.  In contrast, morphogenesis was clearly changed by the clinostat rotation.  The axiality along the gravity vector disappeared and so seedlings formed themselves into a sphere-like shape on the clinostat.  The dorsiventrality was indistinct in growth of maize coleoptiles on the surface of the earth, but the clinostat rotation induced a clear dorsinventral bending.  These changes in morphogenesis may influence the long-term growth phenomena and modify the life cycle of higher plants under a microgravity environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Osaka City University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamisaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masuda
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006112:Gravitation; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012399:Rotation; D012639:Seeds; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005875:Gibberellins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C007842:gibberellic acid