title: Evidence for altered hepatic gluconeogenesis in patients with cirrhosis using in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alterations in gluconeogenesis in the diseased liver can be assessed non-invasively using magnetic resonance spectroscopy by measuring changes in phosphomonoester resonance which contains information regarding several metabolites, including the phosphorylated intermediates of the gluconeogenic pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine changes in phosphomonoesters following bolus infusions of 2.8 mmol/kg L-alanine in five patients with functionally compensated cirrhosis and in five patients with functionally decompensated cirrhosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with six healthy volunteers, baseline phosphomonoester values were elevated by 35% (p<0.05) in the compensated cirrhosis group and by 57% (p<0.01) in the decompensated cirrhosis group. Following alanine infusion, phosphomonoesters in healthy volunteers increased by 46% from baseline values (p<0.01), in patients with compensated cirrhosis by 27% (p<0.02) but those with decompensated cirrhosis showed no increase from baseline. There was a reduction in the percentage of inorganic phosphate signal in all subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By analysing changes in phosphomonoester and inorganic phosphate resonances it is possible to discern clear metabolic differences between healthy volunteers and patients with cirrhosis of varying severity using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Those patients with functionally decompensated cirrhosis have higher percentage baseline phosphomonoester values but the absence of phosphomonoester elevation following L-alanine infusion suggests that they are unable to mount a significant metabolic response with a progluconeogenic stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Changani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jalan
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Korpela
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhakoo
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010758:Phosphorus; D000409:Alanine