title: [Strong opioids].
abstract: Oral route morphine should be first choice for moderate or strong cancer pain. Morphine must be administered essentially at fixed interval. It is important to keep effective plasma morphine concentration. When a patient can not take morphine via oral route, morphine must be administered by intravenous or subcutaneous infusion. Respiratory rate per minute of patients always must be measured during administration of morphine. Patients taking morphine have to take laxatives and antiemetics simultaneously. It is crucial to establish the cause of pain and choose other proper treatment when morphine is not effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, NTT East Japan Tohoku Hospital.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamuro
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D003061:Codeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010166:Palliative Care; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D003061:Codeine