title: Susceptibility to subsequent episodes of spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis.
abstract: We examine susceptibility to subsequent spontaneous recurrences of methamphetamine psychosis (i.e. flashbacks) in 11 flashbackers with a single episode and in nine flashbackers with subsequent episodes. All had undergone frightening stressful experiences during previous MAP use. Mild psychosocial stressors then triggered flashbacks. During flashbacks, the nine flashbackers with subsequent episodes had more markedly increased norepinephrine levels, with slightly increased 3-methoxytyramine levels. The duration of imprisonment in this subgroup approached significantly long levels than in the 11 flashbackers with a single episode. Robust noradrenergic hyperactivity with slightly increased dopamine release may therefore predict subsequent flashbacks. Longer exposure to distressing situations may also contribute to robust noradrenergic hyperactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. kyui@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yui
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D008694:Methamphetamine; C001746:3-methoxytyramine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine