title: Pap Testing Stages of Adoption among Cambodian Immigrants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined levels of Pap testing and factors associated with screening participation among Cambodian refugees.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based, in-person survey was conducted in Seattle during late 1997 and early 1998. Interviews were completed by 413 women; the estimated response rate was 73%. We classified respondents into four Pap testing stages of adoption: precontemplation/contemplation (never screened), relapse (ever screened but did not plan to be screened in the future), action (ever screened and planned to be screened in the future), and maintenance (recently screened and planned to be screened in the future). Bivariate and multivariate techniques were used to examine various factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About one-quarter (24%) of the respondents has never been screened, and a further 22% had been screened but did not plan to obtain Pap tests in the future. Fifteen percent were in the action stage and 39% were in the maintenance stage. The following factors were independently associated with cervical cancer screening stages: previous physician recommendation; younger age; beliefs about Pap testing for post-menopausal women, screening for sexually inactive women, and regular checkups; provider ethnicity; prenatal care in the US; and problems finding interpreters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm low Pap testing rates among Cambodian immigrants, and suggest that targeted interventions should be multifaceted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuniyuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tu