title: The Flin Flon paleosol and the composition of the atmosphere 1.8 BYBP.
abstract: Within the 1800 to 1900 my old Flin Flon-Snow Lake greenstone belt, Amisk Group volcanics are overlain by Missi Group fluvial sediments.  Several localities along the Missi-Amisk contact, the volcanics show evidence of subaerial weathering.  Field relationships, mineralogical evidence, and chemical analyses confirm that this alteration zone is a paleosol.  Pedogenic fabrics and mineralogy were somewhat obscured by greenschist-grade metamorphism associated with the Hudsonian orogeny (1750 my).  This is especially true in the upper meter of the paleosol, where metamorphic paragonite and sericitic micas developed in a crenulated fabric.  This metamorphism did not, however, obliterate the imprint of weathering on the Amisk volcanics.  Features characteristic of well-drained modern soils are evident in the paleosol.  Corestones of spheroidally weathered pillow lavas occur at depth within the paleosol (Cr horizon).  The corestones decrease in size upward and eventually disappear into a hematite-rich horizon at the top of the paleosol.  These macroscopic changes are accompanied by a decrease in CaO and MgO and by an increase in Al2O3, TiO2, and total iron toward the paleosol-Missi contact.  Ferrous iron decreases upward toward the contact; FeO was apparently oxidized to ferric iron and retained within the paleosol during weathering.  The oxidation and retention of iron within the Flin Flon paleosol indicates that PO2 was probably > or = 10(-2) P.A.L. at the time of weathering.  The behavior of iron in the Flin Flon paleosol contrasts sharply with its behavior in the 2200 my Hekpoort paleosol, which is strongly depleted in iron.  This difference suggests that a significant increase in the ratio of PO2/PCO2 in the atmosphere took place between 2200 and 1800 mybp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Feakes
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zbinden
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D018534:Earth, Planet; D019419:Evolution, Planetary; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008350:Manitoba; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D010087:Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012525:Saskatchewan; D018707:Volcanic Eruptions
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008903:Minerals; D010087:Oxides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C000499:ferric oxide; D007501:Iron; D010100:Oxygen