title: The virtual retinal display as a low-vision computer interface: a pilot study.
abstract: This pilot study examined the performance of an alternative computer visual interface, the Virtual Retinal Display (VRD), for low-vision use. The VRD scans laser light directly onto the retina, creating a virtual image. Since visually impaired individuals can have difficulty using computer displays, a matched comparison study was done between the VRD and the standard cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor. Reading speed and acuity tests were collected from 13 low-vision volunteers selected to represent the broad range of partially sighted individuals actively involved in the work force. Forty-six percent of subjects had highest visual acuity while viewing the VRD; 30% of subjects had highest acuity viewing the CRT; and 24% of subjects had equal acuity across the two displays. Although mean reading speed across all 13 subjects indicated no significant difference between displays, individual subjects with predominantly optical causes of low vision exhibited clinically important increases in reading speed versus the CRT. However, most subjects with predominantly retinal damage showed a slight disadvantage using the VRD. We give theoretical explanation to the bifurcated results and conclude that for a subset of low-vision users, the VRD technology is very promising as a basis for future low-vision aids.
authors.affiliation: Human Interface Technology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-2142, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kleweno
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Seibel
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Viirre
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Furness
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D016288:Computer Terminals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*