title: Mechanisms of endothelial P2Y(1)- and P2Y(2)-mediated vasodilatation involve differential [Ca2+]i responses.
abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of endothelial intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in the difference between P2Y(1)- and P2Y(2)-mediated vasodilatations in cerebral arteries. Rat middle cerebral arteries were cannulated, pressurized, and luminally perfused. The endothelium was selectively loaded with fura 2, a fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator, for simultaneous measurement of endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) and diameter. Luminal administration of 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate (2-MeS-ATP), an endothelial P2Y(1) agonist, resulted in purely nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation and [Ca(2+)](i) increases up to approximately 300 nM (resting [Ca(2+)](i) = 145 nM). UTP, an endothelial P2Y(2) agonist, resulted in dilations that were both endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)- and NO-dependent with [Ca(2+)](i) increases to >400 nM. In the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-indomethacin to inhibit NO synthase and cyclooxygenase, UTP resulted in an EDHF-dependent dilation alone. The [Ca(2+)](i) threshold for NO-dependent dilation was 220 vs. 340 nM for EDHF. In summary, the differences in the mechanism of vasodilatation resulting from stimulation of endothelial P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) purinoceptors result in part from differential [Ca(2+)](i) responses. Consistent with this finding, these studies also demonstrate a higher [Ca(2+)](i) threshold for EDHF-dependent responses compared with NO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. marrelli@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Marrelli
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C546384:P2ry1 protein, rat; C546387:P2ry2 protein, rat; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; D013873:Thionucleotides; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate; D007213:Indomethacin; C008501:2-methylthio-ATP