The inventory of interstellar materials available for the formation of the solar system.
Tremendous progress has been made in the field of interstellar dust in recent years through the use of telescopic observations, theoretical studies, laboratory studies of analogs, and the study of actual interstellar samples found in meteorites. It is increasingly clear that the interstellar medium (ISM) contains an enormous diversity of materials created by a wide range of chemical and physical processes. This understanding is a far cry from the picture of interstellar materials held as recently as two decades ago, a picture which incorporated only a few generic types of grains and few molecules. In this paper, I attempt to review some of our current knowledge of the more abundant materials thought to exist in the ISM. The review concentrates on matter in interstellar dense molecular clouds since it is the materials in these environments from which new stars and planetary systems are formed. However, some discussion is reserved for materials in circumstellar environments and in the diffuse ISM. The paper also focuses largely on solid materials as opposed to gases since solids contain a major fraction of the heavier elements in clouds and because solids are most likely to survive incorporation into new planetary systems in identifiable form. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the implications resulting from the recent growth of our knowledge about interstellar materials and also considers a number of areas in which future work might be expected to yield important results.
Sandford
S A
SA
Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA. sandford@ssa1.arc.nasa.gov
D001256:Astronomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019443:Cosmic Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis*; D006108:Graphite; D007053:Ice / Q000032:analysis; D019110:Meteoroids; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D016082:Solar System
D019443:Cosmic Dust; D005740:Gases; D007053:Ice; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D006108:Graphite