title: Computer simulation of human body dynamics.
abstract: Understanding human body dynamics is important in many situations, such as automobile and aircraft crashes, aircraft ejections, falls, and other acceleration environments.  The design of automobile interiors, cockpits, and safety equipment requires knowledge of the forces and accelerations encountered during an emergency.  Because of the limited information available from actual events and the various constraints in testing, computer simulations are often the only means of obtaining detailed information.  The Armstrong Laboratory (AL) developed the Articulated Total Body (ATB) model to predict the human body dynamics in many of these environments.  This model is a three-dimensional rigid body dynamics program in which the human body is modeled as a series of segments.  Forces on the body segments are calculated based on their interaction with the surroundings including seat and cockpit surfaces.  The model also calculates the internal joint resistive and constraint forces.  Because of this capability to predict both internal and external forces acting on the body, the ATB model can be used in investigating injuries.  It is also a valuable design tool for evaluating safety of proposed systems before prototypes are built or costly tests conducted.  When testing is conducted, the model provides data that cannot be measured, such as forces within the body, and supplementing test data with parameter variation simulations.  To validate the model, tests such as those conducted on the AL impact sled are simulated.  Test films and instrumentation data are compared with simulation graphics and quantitative output to gain confidence in the simulation results.
authors.affiliation: Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7901, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Obergefell
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000060:Accidents, Aviation; D000401:Aircraft; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic