title: Analgesic effect of butorphanol and levomethadone in detomidine sedated horses.
abstract: The analgesic potency of butorphanol 25 microg/kg bodyweight (BW) and levomethadone 100 microg/kg BW, administered together with detomidine 10 microg/kg BW, was measured in twelve Warmblood horses in a randomized, blinded cross-over study. Detomidine with saline 10 ml 0.9% was used as placebo. The nociceptive threshold was determined using a constant current and a pneumatic pressure model for somatic pair Detomidine alone and in combination with butorphanol or levomethadone caused a significant temporary increase (P < 0.05) of the nociceptive threshold with a maximum effect within 15 min and a return to baseline levels within 90 min. Butorphanol and levomethadone increased the nociceptive threshold and prolonged the duration of anti-nociception significantly from 15 to 75 min (P < 0.05) after drug administration compared with detomidine alone to both test methods. No significant difference between butorphanol and levomethadone was registered. It is concluded that the addition of butorphanol or levomethadone to detomidine increases the nociceptive threshold to somatic pain and prolongs the analgesic effect of detomidine in the horse.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Berne, Switzerland. urs.schatzmann@knp.unibe.ch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schatzman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armbruster
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stucki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Busato
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kohler
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; C041255:detomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008691:Methadone