title: Summary of experiments onboard Soviet biosatellites.
abstract: Physiological, morphological and biochemical studies of mammals flown onboard biosatellites of the series Cosmos revealed changes in their cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine and vestibular systems. Space flight resulted in moderate stress reactions, intralabyrinthine conflict information during movements and changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism. Exposure to artificial gravity (1 g) decreased the level of myocardial, musculoskeletal and excretory changes, but disturbed the function of equilibrium. Studies with combined weightlessness and ionizing radiation demonstrated that weightlessness did not produce a significant modifying effect on radiation damage and postradiation recovery. Consistent changes in certain systems of animals and humans in weightlessness confirm the practical importance of biosatellite studies, which also contribute to the solution of general biology, problems associated with gravity effects on life processes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Problems, Ministry of Health, Moscow, USSR.
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Nikolaev
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ilyin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004285:Dogs; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013026:Space Flight; D014586:USSR; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance; D014893:Weightlessness