title: CTA1-DD-immune stimulating complexes: a novel, rationally designed combined mucosal vaccine adjuvant effective with nanogram doses of antigen.
abstract: Mucosally active vaccine adjuvants that will prime a full range of local and systemic immune responses against defined antigenic epitopes are much needed. Cholera toxin and lipophilic immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS) containing Quil A can both act as adjuvants for orally administered Ags, possibly by targeting different APCs. Recently, we have been successful in separating the adjuvant and toxic effects of cholera toxin by constructing a gene fusion protein, CTA1-DD, that combines the enzymatically active CTA1-subunit with a B cell-targeting moiety, D, derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Here we have extended this work by combining CTA1-DD with ISCOMS, which normally target dendritic cells and/or macrophages. ISCOMS containing a fusion protein comprising the OVA(323-339) peptide epitope linked to CTA1-DD were highly immunogenic when given in nanogram doses by the s.c., oral, or nasal routes, inducing a wide range of T cell-dependent immune responses. In contrast, ISCOMS containing the enzymatically inactive CTA1-R7K-DD mutant protein were much less effective, indicating that at least part of the activity of the combined vector requires the ADP-ribosylating property of CTA1. No toxicity was observed by any route. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the successful combination of two mechanistically different principles of adjuvant action. We conclude that rationally designed vectors consisting of CTA1-DD and ISCOMS may provide a novel strategy for the generation of potent and safe mucosal vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Bacteriology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland. a.m.mowat@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mowat
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Donachie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jägewall
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Löwenadler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dalsgaard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaastrup
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lycke
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019281:Dimerization; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D016882:ISCOMs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008643:Mesentery / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; C440610:CTA1-DD protein, recombinant; D016882:ISCOMs; C111390:OVA 323-339; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D010047:Ovalbumin; D002772:Cholera Toxin