Biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds.
This study reviews current understanding of mechanisms of biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds (OPC). The first part of this article covers chemical aspects of biotransformation describing reactions that lead to activation or detoxication of OPC. The second part explains biochemical mechanisms of biotransformation describing the role of enzymes that are involved in this process. Among them are the enzymes that take part in metabolic activation of OPC such as cytochrome P450 system, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and flavin-containing monooxygenases. Among enzymes participating in detoxication of OPC, the role of phosphoric triester hydrolases, carboxylesterases and glutathione redox system is explained. This article also deals with other aspects of detoxication of OPC such as protein binding and the role of tissue depots for these compounds.
Jokanović
M
M
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. mikatox@hotmail.com
D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding
D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010105:Oxygenases; C020066:dimethylaniline monooxygenase (N-oxide forming); D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D005978:Glutathione