title: An Antarctic research outpost as a model for planetary exploration.
abstract: During the next 50 years, human civilization may well begin expanding into the solar system.  This colonization of extraterrestrial bodies will most likely begin with the establishment of small research outposts on the Moon and/or Mars.  In all probability these facilities, designed primarily for conducting exploration and basic science, will have international participation in their crews, logistical support and funding.  High fidelity Earth-based simulations of planetary exploration could help prepare for these expensive and complex operations.  Antarctica provides one possible venue for such a simulation.  The hostile and remote dry valleys of southern Victoria Land offer a valid analog to the Martian environment but are sufficiently accessible to allow routine logistical support and to assure the relative safety of their inhabitants.  An Antarctic research outpost designed as a planetary exploration simulation facility would have great potential as a testbed and training site for the operation of future Mars bases and represents a near-term, relatively low-cost alternative to other precursor activities.  Antarctica already enjoys an international dimension, an aspect that is more than symbolically appropriate to an international endeavor of unprecedented scientific and social significance--planetary exploration by humans.  Potential uses of such a facility include:  1) studying human factors in an isolated environment (including long-term interactions among an international crew); 2) testing emerging technologies (e.g., advanced life support facilities such as a partial bioregenerative life support system, advanced analytical and sample acquisition instrumentation and equipment, etc.); and 3) conducting basic scientific research similar to the research that will be conducted on Mars, while contributing to the planning for human exploration.  (Research of this type is already ongoing in Antarctica).
authors.affiliation: Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company, Washington, DC 20024, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rummel
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D003081:Cold Climate; D003889:Desert Climate; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D004779:Environment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006077:Government Agencies; D007391:International Cooperation; D008021:Life Support Systems; D018535:Mars; D013026:Space Flight / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D018561:Space Simulation; D014481:United States; D018557:United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence