title: [Voice disorders caused by neurological diseases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review voice disorders in neurological diseases, with special emphasis to acoustic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first part of this article we describe data regarding neural control of voice, physiology of phonation, and examination of the patient with voice disturbances, including the use of voice laboratory, acoustic analysis fundamentals, phonetometric measures and aerodynamic measures. In the second part, we review the voice disturbances associated to neurological diseases, emphasizing into movement disorders (specially Parkinson s disease, essential tremor, and spasmodic dysphonia).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of neurological diseases causing alterations of corticospinal pathway, cerebellum, basal ganglia and upper and/or lower motoneurons can induce voice disturbances. Voice examination using ear, nose & throat examination, endoscopy and videorecording of laryngeal movements, acoustic analysis, elecroglottography, laryngeal electromyography, and aerodynamic measures, could be useful in the clinical examination of some neurological diseases.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología; Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Jiménez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mate
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cobeta
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004491:Edrophonium; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009991:Oscillometry; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014833:Voice Quality
chemical_list: D004491:Edrophonium