title: Computer model of hydroponics nutrient solution pH control using ammonium.
abstract: A computer simulation of a hydroponics-based plant growth chamber using ammonium to control pH was constructed to determine the feasibility of such a system. In nitrate-based recirculating hydroponics systems, the pH will increase as plants release hydroxide ions into the nutrient solution to maintain plant charge balance. Ammonium is an attractive alternative to traditional pH controls in an ALSS, but requires careful monitoring and control to avoid overdosing the plants with ammonium. The primary advantage of using NH4+ for pH control is that it exploits the existing plant nutrient uptake charge balance mechanisms to maintain solution pH. The simulation models growth, nitrogen uptake, and pH of a l-m2 stand of wheat. Simulation results indicated that ammonium-based control of nutrient solution pH is feasible using a proportional integral controller. Use of a 1 mmol/L buffer (Ka = 1.6 x 10(-6)) in the nutrient solution is required.
authors.affiliation: Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6120, USA. pitts@wsu.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stutte
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002021:Buffers; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018527:Hydroponics / Q000379:methods*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D009566:Nitrates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012996:Solutions; D017942:Nitric Acid; D009584:Nitrogen