title: Inhibition of serotonin reuptake by antidepressants and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients: retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between inhibition of serotonin reuptake by antidepressants and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study from population based databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  317 824 elderly people observed for more than 130 000 person years. The patients started taking an antidepressant between 1992 and 1998 and were grouped by how much the drug inhibited serotonin reuptake. Patients were observed until they stopped the drug, had an upper gastrointestinal bleed, or died or the study ended.
  
  
  METHODS
  Admission to hospital for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 974 bleeds were observed, with an overall bleeding rate of 7.3 per 1000 person years. After controlling for age or previous gastrointestinal bleeding, the risk of bleeding significantly increased by 10.7% and 9.8%, respectively, with increasing inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Absolute differences in bleeding between antidepressant groups were greatest for octogenarians (low inhibition of serotonin reuptake, 10.6 bleeds/1000 person years v high inhibition of serotonin reuptake, 14.7 bleeds/1000 person years; number needed to harm 244) and those with previous upper gastrointestinal bleeding (low, 28.6 bleeds/1000 person years v high, 40.3 bleeds/1000 person years; number needed to harm 85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After age or previous upper gastrointestinal bleeding were controlled for, antidepressants with high inhibition of serotonin reuptake increased the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. These increases are clinically important for elderly patients and those with previous gastrointestinal bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9. carlv@ohri.ca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Walraven
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mamdani
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors