title: Apolipoprotein J/clusterin is induced in vascular smooth muscle cells after vascular injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of restenosis after PTCA may help us to develop a new strategy for the treatment of restenosis after PTCA. The purpose of this study was to identify the genes involved in vascular restenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Applying a differential hybridization method to a model of the balloon-injured rabbit aorta, we identified 6 cDNA clones that were upregulated after injury. Northern blot showed that 5 genes, but not apolipoprotein J (apoJ)/clusterin, were constitutively expressed in noninjured aorta and upregulated after balloon injury. ApoJ mRNA was not detectable in noninjured aorta (control), began to be expressed at 6 hours after injury, showed a peak level at 24 hours (a 48-fold increase), gradually declined, and returned to the control level at 24 weeks. Western blot and immunohistochemistry demonstrated no expression of apoJ protein in noninjured aorta, an expression of apoJ at 2 days after balloon injury, and a peak level (a 55-fold increase) at 2 to 8 weeks. The expression of apoJ protein continued until 24 weeks after injury. In situ hybridization revealed that apoJ mRNA was expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of media at 2 days after injury and in SMCs of media and neointima at 2 weeks. To analyze the function of apoJ, stably transfected rabbit SMCs were created. The expression of apoJ stimulated proliferation and migration of SMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ApoJ is dramatically induced in media and neointima after vascular injury, suggesting that apoJ contributes to restenosis after angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaieda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tei
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051152:Clusterin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011817:Rabbits; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D051152:Clusterin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012333:RNA, Messenger