title: A novel approach to endourological training: training at the Surgical Skills Center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of didactic teaching and supervised hands-on practice on endourological skills using high fidelity genitourinary bench models at a surgical skills laboratory. We also validated a global rating scale and checklist designed specifically for endourological tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 17 urology residents for the ability to remove a mid ureteral stone using a high fidelity genitourinary model on 3 occasions, including a pre-test at the beginning of the study to assess baseline skills, after a didactic teaching session and after a supervised practice session on high fidelity models. Performance was graded according to a global rating scale, checklist, pass rating and time needed to complete task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Senior residents achieved significantly higher pre-test global rating scores than junior residents (p <0.01). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of training on the endoscopic global rating score (p <0.001). Post-hoc tests demonstrated significant improvement in the global rating scores from the pre-test to the post-didactic session (p <0.05) and from the post-didactic to the post-practice session (p <0.01). Interrater reliability using the global rating scale was high (Pearson's r = 0.82, p <0.01). Significant but less powerful results were observed in the checklist score, pass rating and time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a positive effect of training at the surgical skills laboratory on endourological skills. The global rating scale showed good construct validity and reliability for assessing endourological tasks, more so than the checklist, pass rating or time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hamstra
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Radomski
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cusimano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D014481:United States; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education*