title: Controlling denitrification in closed artificial ecosystems.
abstract: Denitrification, the dissimilatory reduction of NO3- to N2O and N2, is found in a wide variety of organisms. In closed artificial systems, especially closed plant growth chambers, a significant loss of fixed-N occurs through denitrification, thereby decreasing the efficiency of the system and fouling the atmosphere with N2O. Denitrification is a form of anaerobic respiration. Whenever available, however, denitrifiers preferentially use O2 as their terminal electron acceptor. As a result, rates of denitrification and growth are a function of O2. Typically, in closed systems O2 consumption is greater than the diffusion of O2 through the medium to the cell, decreasing the O2 level near the cell and denitrification occurs. Using Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC # 17400) as a model organism grown in a two L bioreactor under varying levels of O2 we studied its effects on population growth and its ability to mitigate denitrification in closed systems. The results indicate that denitrification occurs in a closed system even when it is considered aerobic, that is well mixed and sparged with either air, or sufficient pure O2 to cause a complete turnover in the gaseous atmosphere in the bioreactor vessel every five minutes.
authors.affiliation: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mancinelli
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Smernoff
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning; D019149:Bioreactors; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006371:Helium; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009572:Nitrite Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D006371:Helium; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D009572:Nitrite Reductases; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen