title: Cell inactivation, repair and mutation induction in bacteria after heavy ion exposure: results from experiments at accelerators and in space.
abstract: To understand the mechanisms of accelerated heavy ions on biological matter, the responses of spores of B. subtilis to this structured high LET radiation was investigated applying two different approaches. 1) By the use of the Biostack concept, the inactivation probability as a function of radial distance to single particles' trajectory (i.e. impact parameter) was determined in space experiments as well as at accelerators using low fluences of heavy ions. It was found that spores can survive even a central hit and that the effective range of inactivation extends far beyond impact parameters where inactivation by delta-ray dose would be effective. Concerning the space experiment, the inactivation cross section exceeds those from comparable accelerator experiments by roughly a factor of 20. 2) From fluence effect curves, cross sections for inactivation and mutation induction, and the efficiency of repair processes were determined. They are influenced by the ions characteristics in a complex manner. According to dependence on LET, at least 3 LET ranges can be differentiated: A low LET range (app. < 200 keV/micrometers), where cross sections for inactivation and mutation induction follow a common curve for different ions and where repair processes are effective; an intermediate LET range of the so-called saturation cross section with negligible mutagenic and repair efficiency; and a high LET range (>1000 keV/micrometers) where the biological endpoints are majorly dependent on atomic mass and energy of the ion under consideration.
authors.affiliation: DFVLR, Institut fur Flugmedizin, Linder Hohe, Koln, F.R.G.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horneck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baltschukat
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weisbrod
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Micke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Facius
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bucker
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D020450:Heavy Ions; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D014893:Weightlessness