title: Ground-based simulations of galactic cosmic ray fragmentation and transport.
abstract: Since mean free paths for nuclear fragmentation are of the order of the ranges of primary Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) nuclei, determination of the radiation field produced by successive fragmentations of nuclei in material and tissue is essential to accurate assessment of GCR radiation risk to humans on long-duration missions outside the geomagnetosphere.  We describe some recent measurements made at the Bevalac of heavy ion transport through materials, with representative results and examples of how they may be applied to aspects of the space radiation problem, including efforts to devise analytical tools for predicting biological effects and for designing spacecraft shielding.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008422:Materials Testing; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009356:Neon; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011874:Radiometry; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017356:Synchrotrons
chemical_list: D009356:Neon; D007501:Iron