title: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) and brain cancer in adults and children: review and comment.
abstract: Epidemiologic and experimental research on the potential carcinogenic effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) has now been conducted for over two decades. Cancer epidemiology studies in relation to EMF have focused primarily on brain cancer and leukemia, both from residential sources of exposure in children and adults and from occupational exposure in adult men. Because genotoxic effects of EMF have not been shown, most recent laboratory research has attempted to show biological effects that could be related to cancer promotion. In this report, we briefly review residential and occupational EMF studies on brain cancer. We also provide a general review of experimental studies as they relate both to the biological plausibility of an EMF-brain cancer relation and to the insufficiency of such research to help guide exposure assessment in epidemiologic studies. We conclude from our review that no recent research, either epidemiologic or experimental, has emerged to provide reasonable support for a causal role of EMF on brain cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology/Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gurney
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Wijngaarden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects; D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011840:Radiation, Nonionizing / Q000009:adverse effects; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012306:Risk; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000528:radiation effects; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D008550:Melatonin; D002118:Calcium