title: Clinical and epidemiological findings during ram examination in 47 flocks in southern Greece.
abstract: In a field investigation of 47 flocks in south Greece, a clinical examination for fertility evaluation was done on 293 rams. In each ram, a general-health examination, examination of the genital organs and libido evaluation were carried out. In 143 (49%) of the 293 rams examined, at least one abnormality was recorded. The median within-flock prevalence risk (PR) of at least one abnormality was 58.0%, that of general-health abnormalities was 33%, that of genital abnormalities was 20% and that of libido abnormalities 14%. The principal abnormalities observed during the general-health examination were interdigital dermatitis, injuries of the sole, blowfly myiasis and brisket sores. The principal abnormalities observed during the examination of the genitalia were testicular hypoplasia, nodules into the testicular parenchyma, ulcerative lesions characteristic of orf in the prepuce and blowfly myiasis on the preputial orifice. The principal abnormalities observed during the evaluation of libido were incomplete erection and inability to mount the ewe. A statistically significant (P<0.05) positive association was recorded between: ram:ewe ratio and general-health abnormalities PR; general-health abnormalities PR and at least one abnormality PR; genital abnormalities PR and libido abnormalities PR; genital abnormalities PR and at least one abnormality PR; lambing percentage and total lambs born per ewe. A statistically significant (P<0.05) negative association was recorded between: ram age and general-health abnormalities PR; ram age and any abnormality PR; general-health abnormalities PR and lambing percentage.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, P.O. Box 199, 43100, Karditsa, Greece. gcf@vet.uth.gr
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fthenakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karagiannidis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brozos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saratsis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyriakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003625:Data Collection; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*