title: Effect of adrenergic blockade on lymphocyte cytokine production at rest and during exercise.
abstract: To examine the effect of exercise and adrenergic blockade on lymphocyte cytokine production, six men ingested either a placebo (control) or an alpha- (prazosin hydrochloride) and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (timolol malate) capsule (blockade, or BLK) 2 h before performing 19 +/- 1 min of supine bicycle exercise at 78 +/- 3% peak pulmonary uptake. Blood was collected before and after exercise, stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin, and surface stained for T (CD3(+)) and natural killer [NK (CD3(-)CD56(+))] lymphocyte surface antigens. Cells were permeabilized, stained for the intracellular cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, and analyzed using flow cytometry. BLK had no effect on the resting concentration of stimulated cytokine-positive T and NK lymphocytes or the amount of cytokine they were producing. Exercise resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in the concentration of stimulated T and NK lymphocytes producing cytokines in the circulation, but these cells produced less (P < 0.05) cytokine post- compared with preexercise. BLK attenuated (P < 0.05) the elevation in the concentration of lymphocytes producing cytokines during exercise; however, BLK did not affect the amount of IL-2 and IFN-gamma produced. These results suggest that adrenergic stimulation contributes to the exercise-induced increase in the concentration of lymphocytes in the circulation; however, it does not appear to be responsible for the exercise-induced suppression in cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Starkie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Febbraio
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011224:Prazosin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D007376:Interleukin-2; D013999:Timolol; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin; D004837:Epinephrine