title: Galactic cosmic ray radiation levels in spacecraft on interplanetary missions.
abstract: Using the Langley Research Center galactic cosmic ray (GCR) transport computer code (HZETRN) and the computerized anatomical man (CAM) model, crew radiation levels inside manned spacecraft on interplanetary missions are estimated.  These radiation-level estimates include particle fluxes, LET (linear energy transfer) spectra, absorbed dose, and dose equivalent within various organs of interest in GCR protection studies.  Changes in these radiation levels resulting from the use of various different types of shield materials are presented.
authors.affiliation: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nealy
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000528:radiation effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003359:Cosmic Radiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011874:Radiometry; D016082:Solar System; D013026:Space Flight; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D011522:Protons