Physical-chemical treatment of wastes: a way to close turnover of elements in LSS.
"Man-plants-physical-chemical unit" system designed for space stations or terrestrial ecohabitats to close steady-state mineral, water and gas exchange is proposed. The physical-chemical unit is to mineralize all inedible plant wastes and physiological human wastes (feces, urine, gray water) by electromagnetically activated hydrogen peroxide in an oxidation reactor. The final product is a mineralized solution containing all elements balanced for plants' requirements. The solution has been successfully used in experiments to grow wheat, beans and radish. The solution was reusable: the evaporated moisture was replenished by the phytotron condensate. Sodium salination of plants was precluded by evaporating reactor-mineralized urine to sodium saturation concentration to crystallize out NaCl which can be used as food for the crew. The remaining mineralized product was brought back for nutrition of plants. The gas composition of the reactor comprises O2, N2, CO2, NH3, H2. At the reactor's output hydrogen and oxygen were catalyzed into water, NH3 was converted in a water trap into NH4 and used for nutrition of plants. A special accessory at the reactor's output may produce hydrogen peroxide from intrasystem water and gas which makes possible to close gas loops between LSS components.
Kudenko YuA
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Gribovskaya
I V
IV
Zolotukhin
I G
IG
D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D005308:Fertilizers; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D008021:Life Support Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
D003470:Culture Media; D005308:Fertilizers; D008903:Minerals; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000641:Ammonia; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide