title: Loss of chromosome arms 3p and 9p and inactivation of P16 (INK4a) in normal epithelium of patients with primary lung cancer.
abstract: The accumulation of genetic alterations in the respiratory epithelium may give rise to cancer and often is accompanied by a series of histologic alterations over a period of several years. Recent studies have identified some molecular alterations in histologically normal-appearing epithelium among patients with lung cancer. To extend these observations, we investigated clonal genetic alterations by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and immunohistochemistry in 69 biopsy samples of histologically normal-appearing bronchial epithelium from 22 patients with or without lung cancer. Thirty-seven biopsy specimens from 13 patients were examined for loss of 3p14, and 48 biopsy specimens from 18 patients were examined for loss at 9p21 by FISH. P16(INK4a) expression was analyzed in 54 biopsy samples from 19 patients. In at least one biopsy specimen from five of the 13 patients with primary lung cancer, FISH or immunohistochemistry detected loss of the 3p14 or 9p21 region. In contrast, no alterations were detected for the same regions in the nine patients without primary lung cancer. Our results support the concept that the normal epithelial surface of large bronchi of patients with lung cancer has molecular changes suggestive of the outgrowth of numerous clonal foci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonacum
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yochem
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Westra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lengauer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sidransky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jen
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16