title: NASA's  Biomass Production Chamber:  a testbed for bioregenerative life support studies.
abstract: The Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) located at Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA provides a large (20 m2 area, 113 m3 vol.), closed environment for crop growth tests for NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) program.  Since the summer of 1988, the chamber has operated on a near-continuous basis (over 1200 days) without any major failures (excluding temporary power losses).  During this time, five crops of wheat (64-86 days each), three crops of soybean (90 to 97 days), five crops of lettuce (28-30 days), and four crops of potato (90 to 105 days were grown, producing 481 kg of dry plant biomass, 196 kg edible biomass, 540 kg of oxygen, 94,700 kg of condensed water, and fixing 739 kg of carbon dioxide.  Results indicate that total biomass yields were close to expected values for the given light input, but edible biomass yields and harvest indices were slightly lower than expected.  Stand photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and nutrient uptake rates were monitored throughout growth and development of the different crops, along with the build-up of ethylene and other volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere.  Data were also gathered on system hardware maintenance and repair, as well as person-hours required for chamber operation.  Future tests will include long-term crop production studies, tests in which nutrients from waste treatment systems will be used to grow new crops, and multi-species tests.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Operations and Research Office, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mackowiak
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stutte
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sager
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Yorio
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ruffe
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Fortson
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Dreschel
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Knott
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D018527:Hydroponics; D018545:Lactuca / Q000254:growth & development*; D008021:Life Support Systems; D008027:Light; D017785:Photons; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000502:physiology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000254:growth & development*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000254:growth & development*; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development*; D014481:United States; D018557:United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide