title: Glucose kinetics and exercise performance during phases of the menstrual cycle: effect of glucose ingestion.
abstract: To study the effect of menstrual cycle phase and carbohydrate ingestion on glucose kinetics and exercise performance, eight healthy, moderately trained, eumenorrheic women cycled at 70% of peak O(2) consumption for 2 h and then performed a 4 kJ/kg body wt time trial. A control (C) and a glucose ingestion (G) trial were completed during the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle. Plasma substrate concentrations were similar before the commencement of exercise. Glucose rates of appearance and disappearance were higher (P < 0.05) during the 2nd h of exercise in FC than in LC. The percent contribution of carbohydrate to total energy expenditure was greater in FC than in LC, and subjects performed better (13%, P < 0.05) in FC. Performance improved (19% and 26% in FG and LG compared with FC and LC, respectively, P < 0.05) with the ingestion of glucose throughout exercise. These data demonstrate that substrate metabolism and exercise performance are influenced by the menstrual cycle phase, but ingestion of glucose minimizes these effects.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Febbraio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol