title: Proposed minimum requirements for the operational characteristics and testing of closed circuit life support system control electronics.
abstract: The popularization and transformation of scuba diving into a broadly practiced sport has served to ignite the interest of technically oriented divers into ever more demanding areas. This, along with the gradual release of military data, equipment, and techniques of closed circuit underwater breathing apparatus, has resulted in a virtual explosion of semiclosed and closed circuit systems for divers. Although many of these systems have been carefully thought out by capable designers, the impulse to rush to market with equipment that has not been fully developed and carefully tested is irresistible to marketers. In addition, the presence of systems developed by well-intentioned and otherwise competent designers who are, nonetheless, inexperienced in the field of life support can result in the sale of failure-prone equipment to divers who lack the knowledge and skills to identify deficiencies before disaster occurs. For this reason, a set of industry standards establishing minimum requirements and testing is needed to guide the designers of this equipment, and to protect the user community from incomplete or inadequate design. Many different technologies go into the development of closed circuit scuba. One key area is the design of electronics to monitor and maintain the critical gas mixtures of the closed circuit loop. Much of the system reliability and inherent danger is resident in the design of the circuitry and the software (if any) that runs it. This article will present a set of proposed minimum requirements, with the goal of establishing a dialog for the creation of guidelines for the classification, rating, design, and testing of embedded electronics for life support systems used in closed circuit applications. These guidelines will serve as the foundation for the later creation of a set of industry specifications.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. James.Kirk@jhuapl.edu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kirk
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D004242:Diving; D004581:Electronics / Q000592:standards*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004869:Equipment Safety; D008021:Life Support Systems / Q000145:classification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D013597:Systems Analysis
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen