title: Depth distribution of absorbed dose on the external surface of Cosmos 1887 biosatellite.
abstract: Significant absorbed dose levels exceeding 1.0 Gy day-1 have been measured on the external surface of the Cosmos 1887 biosatellite as functions of depth in stacks of thin thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) of U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. manufacture.  The dose was found to decrease rapidly with increasing absorber thickness, thereby indicating the presence of intensive fluxes of low-energy particles.  Comparison between the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. results and calculations based on the Vette Model environment are in satisfactory agreement.  The major contribution to the dose under thin shielding thickness is shown to be from electrons.  The fraction of the dose due to protons and heavier charged particles increases with shielding thickness.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Ministry of Public Health of the U.S.S.R., Moscow.
authors.lastname: Akatov YuA
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Dudkin
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kovalev
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Benton
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Parnell
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D007391:International Cooperation; D011835:Radiation Protection; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018531:Spacecraft; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014586:USSR; D014481:United States