title: Cloning, characterization and central nervous system distribution of receptor activity modifying proteins in the rat.
abstract: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (ADM), amylin and calcitonin (CT) are structurally and functionally related neuropeptides. It has recently been shown that the molecular pharmacology of CGRP and ADM is determined by coexpression of one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) with calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR). Furthermore, RAMP proteins have also been shown to govern the pharmacology of the calcitonin receptor, which in association with RAMP1 or RAMP3, binds amylin with high affinity. In this study, we have cloned the rat RAMP family and characterized the pharmacology of rat CGRP and ADM receptors. Rat RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 shared 72%, 69% and 85% homology with their respective human homologues. As expected CRLR-RAMP1 coexpression conferred sensitivity to CGRP, whilst association of RAMP2 or RAMP3 with CRLR conferred high affinity ADM binding. Using specific oligonucleotides we have determined the expression of RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 mRNAs in the rat central nervous system by in situ hybridization. The localization of RAMP mRNAs was heterogeneous. RAMP1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in cortex, caudate putamen and olfactory tubercles; RAMP2 mRNA was most abundant in hypothalamus; and RAMP3 was restrictively expressed in thalamic nuclei. Interestingly, in specific brain areas only a single RAMP mRNA was often detected, suggesting mutual exclusivity in expression. These data allow predictions to be made of where each RAMP protein may heterodimerize with its partner G-protein-coupled receptor(s) at the cellular level and consequently advance current understanding of cellular sites of action of CGRP, ADM, amylin and CT. Furthermore, these localization data suggest that the RAMP family may associate and modify the behaviour of other, as yet unidentified neurotransmitter receptors.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex CM20 QR, UK. kevin_oliver@merck.com
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mallee
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kinsey
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Koblan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keyvan-Fouladi
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Heavens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000502:physiology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000378:metabolism; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D058286:Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D058262:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1; D058263:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; C545578:CALCRL protein, human; D058286:Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein; C545580:Calcrl protein, rat; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; C545502:RAMP1 protein, human; C545503:RAMP2 protein, human; C545504:RAMP3 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C545508:Ramp1 protein, rat; C545509:Ramp2 protein, rat; C545510:Ramp3 protein, rat; D058262:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1; D058263:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide