title: Adaptational changes in the neural control of cardiorespiratory function in a confined environment:  the CNEC#3 experiment.
abstract: The goal of the study was to characterize the changes in neurovegetative control of the circulation, attending the presumed physiological and psychological stress originated by the isolation and confinement typical of the living condition of space stations, as simulated in a ground based unit, using time and frequency domain analysis. As a secondary goal we sought to verify the implementation of real time data acquisition, for off line spectral analysis of R-R interval, systolic arterial pressure (by Finapres) and respiration (by PVF2 piezoelectric sensors). We addressed the cardiorespiratory and neurovegetative responses to standardized, simple stressors (active standing, dynamic and static handgrip) on the EXEMSI 92 crew, before, during and after the isolation period. On average the appropriate excitatory responses (to stand, dynamic and static handgrip) were elicited also in isolation and confinement. Active standing and small masses muscular exercises are easy to be performed in a confined and isolated  environment and provide a valuable tool for investigating the adaptational changes in neural control mechanisms.  The possibility there exists of using this time and frequency domain approach to monitor the level of performance and well being of the space crew in (quasi) real time.
authors.affiliation: Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari CNR, Universita di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iellamo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lucini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pizzinelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castrucci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malliani
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D018480:Astronauts / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004562:Electrocardiography; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D012934:Social Isolation; D018561:Space Simulation