title: Disrupting basolateral amygdala function impairs unconditioned freezing and avoidance in rats.
abstract: Lesions of the lateral/basolateral amygdala nuclei (BLC) disrupt freezing behaviour in response to explicit or contextual cues (conditioned stimuli--CS) paired previously with footshock (unconditioned stimulus). This deficit in expression of defensive behaviour in response to conditioned stimuli is often interpreted as inability of lesioned rats to learn CS-US associations. However, findings of several studies indicate that BLC-lesioned rats can rapidly learn CS-US associations. Such findings suggest that lesioned rats can learn CS-US associations but are impaired in the expression of freezing behaviour. In the present study we report that both temporary inactivation (lidocaine) and permanent excitotoxic (NMDA) lesions of the BLC impair the unconditioned freezing and avoidance behaviours of rats in response to a novel fear-eliciting stimulus, a ball of cat hair. These findings suggest that the BLC influences the expression of freezing and avoidance behaviours, and/or that it potentiates rats' experience of fear. Along with prior evidence of spared memory for aversive learning after BLC lesions, these findings suggest that disrupted freezing to conditioned cues in BLC-lesioned rats does not necessarily reflect inability to form CS-US associations.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, and Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3800, USA. almira@nsma.arizona.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vazdarjanova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McGaugh
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003714:Denervation; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D009498:Neurotoxins; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D008012:Lidocaine