title: Relative efficacy of the proposed Space Shuttle antimotion sickness medications.
abstract: Space motion sickness has been estimated as affecting between 1/3 and 1/2 of all space flight participants. NASA has at the moment proposed a combination of promethazine and ephedrine (P/E) and one of scopolamine and dextroamphetamine (S/D), both given orally, as well as a transdermally applied scopolamine (TAS), as preventive and ameliorative measures. The reported double-blind study, tests the early phase actions and efficacy of the transdermal scopolamine (Transderm (TM)-V of ALZA Corporation) and compares these in detail to the oral medications. Motion sickness resistance was tested by standardized head movements while accelerating at 0.2 degree/sec2 to a maximum rotation of 240 degrees/sec, with an intermediate plateau of 10 min at 180 degrees/sec. To permit weighting motion sickness protection against other system influences, cardiovascular, psychological (subjective and objective), and visual parameter changes were documented for the three therapeutic modes. The relative impact of the various modalities on operational and experimental components of space missions is discussed. A comparison to intramuscularly administered promethazine (a backup therapeutic mode suggested for Space Shuttle use) is also included.
authors.affiliation: DFVLR-Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Koln, FRG.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hordinsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aust
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019416:Head Movements; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D011398:Promethazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012399:Rotation; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018489:Space Motion Sickness / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D012601:Scopolamine; D011398:Promethazine; D004809:Ephedrine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine