title: Risk factors of urethral involvement of bladder cancer after radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder in females.
abstract: The cystectomy and urethrectomy specimens of 20 females with invasive bladder cancer were studied for evidence of urethral involvement. The bladder showed transitional cell carcinoma in 18 cases (90%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 2 cases (10%). Urethral involvement was found in 5 cases (25%). The trigone was the most common site of tumor (50%) which had 33 per cent chance of urethral involvement. Bladder neck was the next common site of tumor (15%) and had 66 per cent chance of urethral involvement. High stage (T3b, T4) and high grade (III) at trigone also correlated with urethral involvement. The tumor bearing node showed only 20 per cent correlation with urethral involvement. Female patients with high stage/high grade at trigone and any stage/grade at bladder neck are at high risk of urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kochakarn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaimuangraj
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leenanupunth
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muangman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion