title: Using Spacelab as a precursor of science operations for the Space Station.
abstract: For more than 15 years, Spacelab, has provided a laboratory in space for an international array of experiments, facilities, and experimenters.  In addition to continuing this important work,  Spacelab is now serving as a crucial stepping-stone to the improved science, improved operations, and rapid access to space that will characterize International Space Station.  In the Space Station era, science operations will depend primarily on distributed/remote operations that will allow investigators to direct science activities from their universities, facilities, or home bases.  Spacelab missions are a crucial part of preparing for these activities, having been used to test, prove, and refine remote operations over several missions.  The knowledge gained from preparing these Missions is also playing a crucial role in reducing the time required to put an experiment into orbit, from revolutionizing the processes involved to testing the hardware needed for these more advanced operations.  This paper discusses the role of the Spacelab program and the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center- (MSFC-) managed missions in developing and refining remote operations, new hardware and facilities for use on Space Station, and procedures that dramatically reduce preparation time for flight.
authors.affiliation: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Marmann
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005060:Europe; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D007391:International Cooperation; D007753:Laboratories; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends*; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation; D013685:Telecommunications / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014481:United States; D014893:Weightlessness