title: Induction of B(1)-kinin receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells: cellular mechanisms of map kinase activation.
abstract: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a prominent feature of the atherosclerotic process that occurs after endothelial injury. Although a vascular wall kallikrein-kinin system has been described, its contribution to vascular disease remains undefined. Because the B(1)-kinin receptor subtype (B1KR) is induced in VSMCs only in response to injury, we hypothesize that this receptor may be mediating critical events in the progression of vascular disease. In the present study, we provide evidence that des-Arg(9)-bradykinin (dABK) (10(-8) M), acting through B1KR, stimulates the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p42(mapk) and p44(mapk)). Activation of MAPK by dABK is mediated via a cholera toxin-sensitive pathway and appears to involve protein kinase C, Src kinase, and MAPK kinase. These findings demonstrate that the activation of B1KR in VSMCs leads to the generation of second messengers that converge to activate MAPK and provide a rationale to investigate the mitogenic actions of dABK in vascular injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velarde
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jaffa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C108123:4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(tert-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine; D005419:Flavonoids; D007211:Indoles; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008301:Maleimides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; C024626:bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C088060:bisindolylmaleimide; D001920:Bradykinin; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one