title: Time course of lesion development in patients with acute brain stem infarction and correlation with NIHSS score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly sensitive in detecting acute supratentorial cerebral ischemia and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) lesion size has been shown to correlate strongly with the neurologic deficit in middle cerebral artery territory stroke. However, data concerning infratentorial strokes are rare. We examined the size and evolution of acute brain stem ischemic lesions and their relationship to neurological outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  brain stem infarctions of 11 patients were analyzed. We performed DWI in all patients and in 7/11 patients within 24 h, T2W sequences within the first 2 weeks (10/11 patients) and follow-up MRI (MR2) within 3-9 months (median 4.8 months) later (12/12 patients). Lesion volumes were compared with early and follow-up neurologic deficit as determined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the relative infarct volumes--with MR2 lesion size set to 100%--decreased over the time (P<0.02) with a mean shrinking factor of 3.3 between DWI (MR0) and the follow-up MRT (P<0.02), and 1.6 between early T2W (MR1) and MR2 (P<0.04). The mean DWI volume size (MR0) was larger than the early T2W (P<0.02). Although neurological outcome was good in all patients (mean NIHSS score of 1.3 at follow-up), early NIHSS and follow-up NIHSS scores were strongly correlated (r=0.9, P<0.00). NIHSS score at follow-up was highly correlated with lesion size of DWI (MR0; r=0.71, P<0.04) and T2W of MR1 (r=0.86, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in this study, we saw a shrinking of the brain stem infarct volume according to clinical improvement of patients. Great extension of restricted diffusion in the acute stage does not necessarily implicate a large resulting infarction or a bad clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Philosophenweg 3, D-07749 Jena, Germany. sabine.fitzek@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fitzek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fitzek
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stoeter
mesh_terms: D020526:Brain Stem Infarctions / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013997:Time Factors