title: Medical investigations and resulting countermeasures in support of 16-day Space Shuttle missions.
abstract: Investigations with crew subject participants were flown on over 40 Shuttle missions (STS-32 through STS-73). All Astronauts who flew volunteered to participate in one or more of these studies, resulting in approximately 700 individual performances or data points for the 45 Detailed Supplementary Objectives (DSOs).
authors.affiliation: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. csawin@ems.jsc.nasa.gov
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Sawin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D018480:Astronauts; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005676:Gravity Suits; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008297:Male; D013026:Space Flight; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures