title: Visual language and handwriting movement: functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 tesla during generation of ideographic characters.
abstract: A functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment at 3 tesla was performed to investigate the collaborative mechanism between visuospatial processing and motor execution in performing visual language generation tasks. Japanese Kanji, ideographic characters, were utilized to design tasks. The bilateral border portions between the inferior parietal lobule and the occipital lobe were involved during a Kanji puzzle task, which required subjects to combine several parts into a Kanji. The higher motor areas, such as the premotor areas and the pre-supplementary motor areas, were also activated bilaterally during the puzzle task. The parieto-occipital activation may be related to analysis of configuration or segmentation/integration of Kanji figures. Activation in the higher motor areas may be induced by cognitive components related to motor function to perform the visuospatial language task, such as intense reference for displayed characters and finding a proper character for puzzle solution. A collaborative mechanism in these areas may explain the effectiveness of tactile reading in letter recognition by patients with pure alexia or kinesthetic facilitation by Kanji users when recalling difficult Kanji.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan. kayako.matsuo@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011932:Reading