title: Resource Letter ETC-1:  extraterrestrial civilization.
abstract: This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature about intelligent life beyond the human sphere of exploration.  It offers a starting point for professionals and academics interested in participating in the debate about the existence of other technological civilizations or in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).  It can also serve as a reference for teaching.  This Letter is not intended as an exhaustive bibliography, but several extensive bibliographies have been cited.  The letter E after an item indicates elementary, nontechnical material of general interest to persons becoming informed in the field.  Intermediate level material, of a somewhat more specialized nature, is indicated by the Letter I.  The annotation A indicates advanced, technical material.  An asterisk (*) precedes items to be included in an accompanying Reprint Book.
authors.affiliation: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Brin
mesh_terms: D055580:Astronomical Phenomena; D001256:Astronomy; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002962:Civilization; D003142:Communication; D018559:Exobiology; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D000069497:Origin of Life