title: Human roles in future space operations.
abstract: Mankind has evolved in the biosphere from essentially another animal to the level that his industries and societies are powerful components of the life-cycles of Earth. Terrestrial industrial experience can be extended to the use of matter from the Moon and other non-terrestrial sources to create permanent habitats and industry in space. Space stations in low Earth orbit and small bases on the Moon can be the foci of early space industries for learning how to grow in space with local resources. Several near term and long range research topics appropriate to permanent human occupancy of space are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: California Space Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Criswell
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D018534:Earth, Planet; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008021:Life Support Systems; D016081:Moon; D012993:Solar Energy; D013026:Space Flight / Q000639:trends*; D018531:Spacecraft