title: Chemical investigation of Titan and Triton tholins.
abstract: We report chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses of both Titan and Triton tholins, organic solids made from the plasma irradiation of 0.9:0.1 and 0.999:0.001 N2/CH4 gas mixtures, respectively. The lower CH4 mixing ratio leads to a nitrogen-richer tholin (N/C > 1), probably including nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Unlike Titan tholin, bulk Triton tholin is poor in nitriles. From high-pressure liquid chromatography, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, and molecular weight estimation by gel filtration chromatography, we conclude that (1) several H2O-soluble fractions, each with distinct UV and IR spectral signatures, are present, (2) these fractions are not identical in the two tholins, (3) the H2O-soluble fractions of Titan tholins do not contain significant amounts of nitriles, despite the major role of nitriles in bulk Titan tholin, and (4) the H2O-soluble fractions of both tholins are mainly molecules containing about 10 to 50 (C + N) atoms. We report yields of amino acids upon hydrolysis of Titan and Triton tholins. Titan tholin is largely insoluble in the putative hydrocarbon lakes or oceans on Titan, but can yield the H2O-soluble species investigated here upon contact with transient (e.g., impact-generated) liquid water.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6801, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Khare
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sagan
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry*; D018541:Neptune; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018539:Saturn; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011108:Polymers; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane