title: Cosmic ray LET spectra and doses on board Cosmos-2044 biosatellite.
abstract: Results of the experiments on board Cosmos-2044 (Biosatellite 9) are presented.  Various nuclear track detectors (NTD) (dielectric, AgCl-based, nuclear emulsions) were used to obtain the LET spectra inside and outside the satellite.  The spectra from the different NTDs have proved to be in general agreement.  The results of LET spectra calculations using two different models are also presented.  The resultant LET distributions are used to calculate the absorbed and equivalent doses and the orbit-averaged quality factors (QF) of the cosmic rays (CR).  Absorbed dose rates inside (approximately 20 g cm-2 shielding) and outside (1 g cm-2) the spacecraft, omitting electrons, were found to be 4.8 and 8.6 mrad d-1, respectively, while the corresponding equivalent doses were 8.8 and 19.7 mrem d-1.  The effects of the flight parameters on the total fluence of, and on the dose from, the CR particles are analyzed.  Integral dose distributions of the detected particles are also determined.  The LET values which separate absorbed and equivalent doses into 50% intervals are estimated.  The CR-39 dielectric NTD is shown to detect 20-30% of the absorbed dose and 60-70% of the equivalent dose in the Cosmos-2044 orbit.  The influence of solar activity phase on the magnitude of CR flux is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Space Flight Radiation Safety, Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Dudkin
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kovalev
authors.forename: Y V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Potapov
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Benton
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Benton
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schopper
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baican
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D007390:International Agencies; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D016082:Solar System; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014586:USSR; D014481:United States