title: Hepatitis B virus co-infection in HIV infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) share the same routes of transmission. Co-infection with the two viruses has been reported to occur in upto 90% of HIV infected patients, depending on the prevailing risk factors for acquiring infection in a given population. We studied our HIV positive patients for the prevalence of HBV co-infection in them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty consecutive HIV positive patients underwent ELISA for HBsAg and antiHBc antibodies. HBeAg was tested for in all HBsAg positive patients. Polymerase chain reaction for HBV DNA was carried out in 40 randomly selected patients who showed no serological evidence of HBV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 56 males and 24 females (mean age 33.2 +/- 8.3 years). Twenty seven (33.8%) patients (23 males, 4 females) had evidence of co-infection with HBV. Of these 6 (22.2%) were HBsAg positive, 22 had antiHBc antibodies and HBV DNA was positive in one. Four patients had evidence of replicating virus (3 HBeAg+ve, 1 DNA+ve). All 4 had normal transaminases and advanced HIV infection. HBV co-infection was significantly higher among males (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the liver functions of HBV positive and negative individuals. The risk factor for acquiring infection was heterosexual exposure in al HBV+ve patients except one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatitis B virus co-infection was seen in 33.8% of our HIV positive patients. Males were more likely to be co-infected. All except one of the patients acquired infection through heterosexual exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India 160 012. asud@doctor.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wanchu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chawla
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis