title: A new, pluronic-based, bone hemostatic agent that does not impair osteogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intraoperative bone hemostasis can be accomplished using surgical beeswax (bone wax). However, bone wax locally interferes with osteogenesis, and its use is avoided when bone fusion is critical. We describe the use of a Pluronic copolymer blend as a biocompatible, absorbable, hemostatic agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rat femur defect model and a femur gap nonunion model were used. For each surgical model, 24 rats were divided into three treatment groups, i.e., those receiving bone wax implants, Pluronic (90% Pluronic P85/10% Pluronic F88) implants, or no implants (control group). After 10, 21, or 42 days, animals were killed and femora were removed for radiographic analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the femur defect model, no differences were observed between the Pluronic-treated and control groups; hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated bone formation and osteocytes within the defect. In the femur gap nonunion model, no fusions occurred in any group. Development of an osseous callus at the gap site was observed for the control and Pluronic-treated groups. In both models, rats that received bone wax implants exhibited no osseous growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pluronic blend exhibits handling properties similar to those of bone wax, readily achieves hemostasis, and does not inhibit bone regrowth. Pluronic compounds may serve as effective absorbable hemostatic agents for the treatment of bone bleeding in sites where fusion is critical. In addition, this copolymer blend may find use as a vehicle for the short-term release of pharmacological agents, which may further reduce the incidence of infections, reduce inflammation, and improve fusion rates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, 1200 NorthState Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. myw@hsc.usc.edu
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Meiselman
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McComb
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D020442:Poloxamer; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: C512681:Ostene; D020442:Poloxamer