title: Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass: determinants of perioperative morbidity and mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective study evaluates perioperative results of reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with and without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1995 to March 1999 reoperative CABG was performed on 581 patients: 307 (52.84%) patients were operated upon on-CPB and 274 (47.16%) off-CPB. Median sternotomy was used in all patients on-CPB. Median sternotomy or alternative surgical approaches were used in the off-CPB group. Data was retrospectively reviewed. To identify the variables independently related to perioperative mortality and adverse outcome, multivariate analysis was performed in the overall population of 581 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative risk factors were comparable in the two groups. Critical lesions of the right and left circumflex coronary artery were more common in the on-CPB group (p < 0.005). A total of 2.7 grafts/patient was performed in the on-CPB group versus 1.3 grafts/patient in the off-CPB group (p = NS). Freedom from postoperative complications was higher in the off-CPB group (72% versus 90.9%, p < 0.005). Perioperative stroke and respiratory failure rates were more common in the on-CPB group (3.9% versus 0.7% and 5.9% versus 2.2% respectively, p < 0.005). Actual mortality was 5.9% in the on-CPB group and 3.6% in the off-CPB group (p = NS). Risk adjusted mortality was 2.2% and 1.3% in the on-CPB and off-CPB groups respectively. Although CPB was found to be independently related to adverse outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 2.89, p-value < 0.005), no correlation was found between mortality and CPB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Avoidance of CPB independently reduces adverse outcomes in reoperative CABG without affecting mortality rate.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Buffalo General Hospital and State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Ancona
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karamanoukian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lajos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergsland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016019:Survival Analysis