title: Response of severe HIV-associated thrombocytopenia to highly active antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the response of HIV-associated severe thrombocytopenia (STP) to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including protease-inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 15 patients with HIV-associated STP (platelet count < 50 x 10(9)/l mostly antiretroviral experienced (13/15), underwent HAART for at least 6 months (median 21; range 6-41 months) during which the platelet (PLT) count and plasmatic HIV-RNA were monitored. The PLT response was compared to that observed in 19 patients previously treated with zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HAART induced a significant increase in the PLT count (chi(2)=10.53, P=0.01) within the third month which was sustained up to the sixth month of therapy. No STP relapse was observed among eight PLT responders followed for longer than 6 months (median 27; range 7-41 months). The PLT increase after HAART was similar to that observed with AZT monotherapy, but a greater number of HAART patients were antiretroviral-experienced. HAART determined a PLT response in 10/13 subjects whose thrombocytopenia had not improved after previous AZT monotherapy. After 6 months of HAART, a complete platelet response occurred more frequently in patients with undetectable plasma HIV-RNA levels (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAART induces a sustained PLT response in HIV-associated STP, even in antiretroviral-experienced subjects and in those with AZT-resistant thrombocytopenia. An undetectable plasma HIV viraemia induced by HAART is necessary for STP recovery.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carbonara
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ingravallo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angarano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D015215:Zidovudine