title: [Neurological alterations related to Crohn's disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of alterations of the central and/or peripheral nervous system in a patient with Crohn s disease (EC) is 33.2%. Casual association may occur in 19.3% of the cases. The disorder of the nervous system may precede the diagnosis of EC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the main neurological complications of EC. The predominant cerebral vascular pathology is arterial although cases of venous thrombosis have been reported. One of the mechanisms involved is the state of hypercoagulability secondary to thrombocytosis and increase in the factors V, V111 and fibrinogen. In other cases there was confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant, and therefore of an autoimmune mechanisms being involved. Other neurological features include peripheral neuropathy (axonal, demyelinating and autonomic), myopathies, pseudotumor cerebri, papilloedema, psychiatric disorders (anxiety, phobias, depression) and association with syndromes such as multiple sclerosis, Cogan s syndrome, Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome, connective tissue disorders and vasculitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As well as hypercoagulability being one of the pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral ischaemia, there is alteration of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with EC. This justifies this and other neurological manifestations, and explains its association with other immunity disorders.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología; Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, 50009, España. ssantosl@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Casadevall
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tejero
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larrodé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iñiguez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008556:Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications; D009220:Myositis / Q000209:etiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010211:Papilledema / Q000209:etiology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013625:Takayasu Arteritis / Q000150:complications; D013922:Thrombocytosis / Q000209:etiology; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors