title: Dimerizable cationic detergents with a low cmc condense plasmid DNA into nanometric particles and transfect cells in culture.
abstract: The size of condensed DNA particles is a key determinant for in vivo diffusion and gene delivery to cells. Gene molecules can be individually compacted by cationic thiol detergents into nanometric particles that are stabilized by oxidative conversion of the detergent into a gemini lipid. To reach the other goal, gene delivery, a series of cationic thiol detergents with various chain lengths (C(12)-C(16)) and headgroups (ornithine or spermine) was prepared, using a versatile polymer-supported synthetic strategy. Critical micelle concentrations and thiol oxidation rates of the detergents were measured. The formation and stability of complexes formed with plasmid DNA, as well as the size, xi-potential, morphology, and transfection efficiency of the particles were investigated. Using the tetradecane/ornithine detergent, a solution of 5.5 Kpb plasmid DNA molecules was converted into a homogeneous population of 35 nm particles. The same detergent, once oxidized, exhibited a typical lipid phase internal structure and was capable of effective cell transfection. The particle size did not increase with time. Surprisingly, the gel electrophoretic mobility of the DNA complexes was found to be higher than that of plasmid DNA itself. Favorable in vivo diffusion and intracellular trafficking properties may thus be expected for these complexes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Génétique associé CNRS/Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie BP 24, 67401 Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dauty
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Remy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blessing
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Behr
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002412:Cations; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D003902:Detergents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019281:Dimerization; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D009952:Ornithine / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000737:chemistry; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D002412:Cations; D003902:Detergents; D004220:Disulfides; D008823:Micelles; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C024713:n-tetradecane; D013096:Spermine; D009952:Ornithine; D003545:Cysteine