title: The development and validation of a patient-information booklet on ureteric stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a scientific approach incorporating patient preferences towards the development of a patient-information booklet about ureteric stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase 1 of the study included 35 adult patients with ureteric stents who were surveyed using semi-structured interviews (four patients) and a questionnaire (31 patients) to assess various issues relating to information given to patients about ureteric stents. In addition, published papers were assessed and clinicians' opinions sought. The results formed the basis for a comprehensive patient-information booklet about ureteric stents that incorporated patients' views and preferences. In phase 2, the booklet was tested and formally validated by inviting 30 patients, a panel of 20 urologists and general practitioners, and five stent manufacturers to assess the booklet for adequacy, coverage and readability of the content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 patients, 30 (19 men and 11 women, mean age 49 years, range 20-78) participated in the initial survey; 80% of patients reported dissatisfaction about the information they received. Patients wanted more information about the use, adverse events and effects of stents on daily life; 85% preferred all relevant information about the stents to be in a written format with illustrative drawings. An eight-page booklet was thus developed. The validation study revealed that the booklet matched patients' experiences (approval score of 9/10, range 8-10) and was reported as satisfactory by clinicians and manufacturers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A validated information booklet on ureteric stents was developed, incorporating patients' expectations and views. This booklet is expected to be an effective tool for patient communication that would help patients cope better with indwelling stents and be useful in counselling patients. A similar approach could be adopted for the development of other patient-information packs.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK. hrishibjoshi@ukonline.co.uk
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Newns
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stainthorpe
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: MacDonagh
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Keeley
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Timoney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects