title: Geographical pattern of female deaths from myocardial infarction in an urban population: fatal outcome out-of-hospital related to socio-economic deprivation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study of myocardial infarction (MI) amongst urban women has sought to assess whether there are differences in fatal outcome, in-hospital respectively out-of-hospital, between residential areas defined in terms of socio-economic circumstances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Register-based surveillance study 1986-95.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen residential areas in the city of Malmö, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women 20-74 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in fatal outcome, in-hospital respectively out-of-hospital, between residential areas were expressed in terms of age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), calculated by means of logistic regression. Socio-economic circumstances in the areas were expressed in terms of a composite score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between residential areas there were marked and statistically significant differences in incidence (range 124-328/10(5), P < 0.001, d.f.=16) and mortality (range 38-132/10(5), P < 0.005, d.f.=16). Area rates of mortality covaried with incidence (r=0.85, P < 0.001) and with odds ratios of fatal outcome out-of-hospital (r=0.52, P=0.031) but not in-hospital. The odds ratios of fatal outcome out-of-hospital decreased in a statistically significant stepwise fashion from areas in the lowest socio-economic quintile (reference) to areas in the highest socio-economic quintile (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.94). There was no corresponding association with the odds ratios of fatal outcome in-hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of mortality from MI amongst women in areas with deprived socio-economic circumstances was related to deaths occurring out-of-hospital. In order to assess the preventive potential there is a need for further studies that may clarify to what extent the association with socio-economic circumstances can be explained by other factors and conditions known to influence the probability of survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. patrik.tyden@smi.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tydén
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janzon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D019371:Topography, Medical; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*