title: Development of human epithelial cell systems for radiation risk assessment.
abstract: The most important health effect of space radiation for astronauts is cancer induction.  For radiation risk assessment, an understanding of carcinogenic effect of heavy ions in human cells is most essential.  In our laboratory, we have successfully developed a human mammary epithelial cell system for studying the neoplastic transformation in vitro.  Growth variants were obtained from heavy ion irradiated immortal mammary cell line.  These cloned growth variants can grow in regular tissue culture media and maintain anchorage dependent growth and density inhibition property.  Upon further irradiation with high-LET radiation, transformed foci were found.  Experimental results from these studies suggest that multiexposure of radiation is required to induce neoplastic transformation of human epithelial cells.  This multihits requirement may be due to high genomic stability of human cells.  These growth variants can be useful model systems for space flight experiments to determine the carcinogenic effect of space radiation in human epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Craise
mesh_terms: D001128:Argon; D018480:Astronauts; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003359:Cosmic Radiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011853:Radiobiology / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016082:Solar System; D013026:Space Flight
chemical_list: D001128:Argon; D007501:Iron