title: Arterial myocardial revascularization with in situ crossover right internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extra length obtained by skeletonizing the internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) enables versatile use of in situ bilateral ITAs for coronary artery bypass grafting, as the longer skeletonized right ITA more easily reaches the anastomotic site on the left anterior descending coronary artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1996 and November 1999, 365 consecutive patients underwent revascularization with bilateral in situ ITAs (29% of 1,250 grafting procedures performed with both ITAs in our department during this period). The right ITA was routed anterior to the aorta to graft the left anterior descending coronary artery, and the in situ left ITA was used to graft circumflex branches. Right coronary artery branches were grafted with right gastroepiploic artery or saphenous vein graft. The right ITA crossed the midline above the aorta at the most cranial point to avoid damage in case of a repeat sternotomy in the future.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative mortality rate was 2.2% (8 patients). Postoperative morbidity included seven strokes (1.9%), eight sternal wound infections (2.2%), and four perioperative myocardial infarctions (1.1%). Follow-up (6 to 49 months) of 97% of hospital survivors showed a return of angina in 3%. Postoperative coronary angiography (22 patients) revealed a 95% patency rate of both ITAs. One-year and 4-year survival rates (Kaplan-Meier) were 95% and 92.4%, respectively. Important predictors of an early unfavorable event were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, old age (> or = 70 years), emergency operation, and diabetes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the only independent predictor of sternal wound infection (odds ratio, 15; 95% confidence interval, 2.8 to 80). It also predicted decreased late survival (hazard ratio, 8.3; 95% confidence interval, 3 to 21.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With skeletonized dissection of ITAs, the right ITA easily reaches the left anterior descending coronary artery for left-sided arterial revascularization with in situ bilateral ITAs. This procedure is safe, but we recommend avoiding its use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lev-Ran
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pevni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015996:Survival Rate