title: Auditory information processing in rat genotypes with different dopaminergic properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Auditory filtering disturbances, as measured in the sensory gating and prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigms, have been linked to aberrant auditory information processing and sensory overload in schizophrenic patients. In both paradigms, the response to the second stimulus (S2) is attenuated by an inhibitory effect of the first stimulus (S1). Dopamine (DA) agonists have been found to reduce gating of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and PPI in healthy human subjects and in rats. These effects have been linked to DA hyperactivity in the mesolimbic system. A non-invasive approach in studying the role of the DA system in PPI and AEP gating is to compare rat genotypes that are marked by distinct DA systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Several questions were asked in the present study. Are PPI and AEP gating disturbed in (a) rats that are marked by a relatively high DA reactivity of the mesolimbic system, namely apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) and WAG/Rij rats or in (b) rats that are marked by a relatively high DA activity of the nigrostriatal system, namely apomorphine-unsusceptible (APO-UNSUS) and ACI rats? Moreover, is the particular DA balance (c) between the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic system related to deficits in PPI and AEP gating?
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, the above-mentioned four rat genotypes (APO-SUS, APO-UNSUS, ACI and WAG/Rij) that vary in DA balance between both systems, were compared in the AEP gating paradigm. PPI was only measured in the ACI and WAG/Rij rats, since it has already been shown in a previous study that APO-SUS rats show diminished PPI as compared to rats of the APO-UNSUS genotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AEP gating of the vertex N50 was significantly reduced in WAG/Rij rats as compared to the remaining three rat genotypes (APO-SUS, APO-UNSUS and ACI). No PPI deficits were found in the ACI and WAG/Rij rats, although ACI rats had a significantly higher basal startle amplitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PPI deficit in APO-SUS and not in the other genotypes, suggests that especially a relatively high DA reactivity of the mesolimbic system, together with a relatively low activity of the nigrostriatal system, contributes to this deficit. In contrast, the N50 gating deficit in WAG/Rij rats and not in the other genotypes suggests that a relatively high DA activity of the nigrostriatal system together with a relatively high DA reactivity of the mesolimbic system is necessary for the presence of a N50 gating deficit. On the basis of these results we have concluded that both auditory filtering processes are differently regulated by DA in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychoneuropharmacology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. natasdb@yahoo.com
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: de Bruin
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: van Luijtelaar
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cools
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ellenbroek
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D001058:Apomorphine; D004298:Dopamine