title: Vascular dysfunction after repair of coarctation of the aorta: impact of early surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with repaired coarctation are at increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease despite successful repair. We studied the function of conduit arteries in upper and lower limbs of patients late after successful coarctation repair and its relation to age at surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and the dilatation after sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG, 25 microgram) were measured by using high-resolution ultrasound in the brachial artery in 64 coarctation patients (44 males and 20 females, aged 19+/-10 years; median age at operation 4 months) and 45 control subjects (28 males and 17 females, aged 19+/-10 years) and in the posterior tibial artery in 37 patients and 22 control subjects. Arterial stiffness was determined by pulse-wave velocity (PWV) of the brachioradial and femoral-dorsalis pedis tracts. Patients, compared with control subjects, had lower brachial FMD (7.16+/-3.4% versus 8.62+/-2.3%, respectively; P=0.02) and NTG (11.46+/-4.3% versus 13.21+/-4.6%, respectively; P=0.046) and higher brachioradial PWV (9.17+/-3.1 versus 8.06+/-1.9 m/s, respectively; P=0.05). In contrast, posterior tibial FMD, NTG, and lower limb PWV were comparable. Age (months) at the time of repair was related to brachioradial PWV (r=0.42, P=0.002) but not to brachial FMD or NTG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with repaired aortic coarctation have impaired conduit artery function, with abnormal responses to flow and NTG, and increased vascular stiffness confined to the upper part of the body. Early repair is associated with preserved elastic properties of conduit arteries, but reduced reactivity remains.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Physiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, and the Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Divitiis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pilla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kattenhorn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadinello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donald
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leeson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redington
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deanfield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000601:surgery*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D010641:Phenotype; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016909:Tibial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin