title: Mineral recovery system for a Closed Ecology Experiment Facility (CEEF).
abstract: A unique recovery system, which consists of electrodialysis (ED) and crystallization processes, is proposed for NaCl (salt) from waste water after oxidation of urine. NaCl recovery characteristics from the oxidized urine, which contains KCl and NO3- impurities, were experimentally evaluated. Concentrated NaCl/KCl mixed solution was obtained using the ED process from simulated oxidized urine and sweat. Large amounts of NO3- were contained in the concentrated solution. After the crystallization process, NaCl salt of 90% purity, containing less than 5% NO3-, could be recovered by crystallization from the solution at 90 degrees C because NaNO3 or KNO3 salt has high solubility in water at that temperature. The results show that the proposed mineral recovery system can recover NaCl from waste water in the CEEF.
authors.affiliation: Power & Industrial Systems R & D Division, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funabashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nitta
mesh_terms: D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003460:Crystallization; D003956:Dialysis; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D006801:Humans; D008021:Life Support Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D009566:Nitrates; D012965:Sodium Chloride