title: Harmonic analysis of facial profiles: a 10-year evaluation.
abstract: A 10-year longitudinal evaluation was performed of the morphology of soft tissue facial profiles of 14 healthy adults (8 female and 6 male; mean age at the second evaluation, 34 years). Standardized left-side photographs were taken of each subject, and facial profiles were traced between trichion and cervical point. The line joining the 2 landmarks was set as the baseline, and each outline was automatically digitized and mathematically reconstructed by a 20-harmonic elliptic Fourier series expansion. Shape modifications were quantified by calculating the morphologic distance between the Fourier reconstruction of each facial profile in the 2 examinations. The area enclosed in each facial outline was automatically computed, and the difference between the soft tissue areas obtained in the 2 examinations was calculated. On average, significant longitudinal differences were found in both men and women for shape differences (P < 0.05), while size variations were significant only in men. While the 10-year increase in size was significantly (P < 0.01) larger in men than in women, no sex-related differences were found for shape modifications. Between the third and the fourth decades of life, both men and women experience some modifications in their facial soft tissues. While shape changes in both sexes, size changes are particularly evident in men and less manifest in women, who show greater variability in the amount of change that takes place.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Anatomia Umana, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy. farc@unimi.it
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dellavia
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003625:Data Collection; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013223:Statistics as Topic