title: The management of anticoagulation before and after procedures.
abstract: Patients maintained on warfarin for atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valves, or deep venous thrombosis may occasionally need to stop their anticoagulation during invasive procedures. This article reviews the literature on bleeding risks of certain procedures, thrombosis risks of stopping anticoagulation, and heparin and warfarin pharmacokinetics. Recommendations regarding how to manage anticoagulated patients are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. john.spandorfer@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spandorfer
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D019990:Perioperative Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D006493:Heparin