title: Overexpression of interleukin-6 aggravates viral myocarditis: impaired increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: The process of inflammation and immune response is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), one of the proinflammatory cytokines, plays a potentially critical role in viral-induced myocarditis. Our previous work demonstrates that exogenous IL-6 administration, given at the time of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) inoculation in C3H/HeJ mice, has a protective effect on myocardium and improves survival rates. In the present study, we examined whether overexpression of IL-6 modified viral myocarditis. On day 3 and 10 after inoculation with EMCV, the ratio of heart weight to body weight and myocardial injury were significantly increased in IL-6 transgenic mice (IL-6TG). On day 3, a reduction of viral clearance was shown by the presence of elevated viral titers and viral replication in the heart of IL-6TG. The concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF alpha) were dramatically increased in wild-type mice on day 1, in contrast, this change was not observed in IL-6TG. Treatment with recombinant human TNF (2 microg) significantly improved viral clearance in the IL-6TG hearts. Thus, overexpression of IL-6 promotes myocardial injury by interrupting both the cytokine network and viral clearance. These experiments suggest the possibility that IL-6 is one of the factors that accelerates tissue damage, including myocardial injury, in the viral myocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurabayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D018188:Cardiovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004686:Encephalomyocarditis virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha