title: Biological life-support systems for Mars mission.
abstract: Mars mission like the Lunar base is the first venture to maintain human life beyond earth biosphere.  So far, all manned space missions including the longest ones used stocked reserves and can not be considered egress from biosphere.  Conventional path proposed by technology for Martian mission LSS is to use physical-chemical approaches proved by the experience of astronautics.  But the problem of man living beyond the limits of the earth biosphere can be fundamentally solved by making a closed ecosystem for him.  The choice optimum for a Mars mission LSS can be substantiated by comparing the merits and demerits of physical-chemical and biological principles without ruling out possible compromise between them.  The work gives comparative analysis of ecological and physical-chemical principles for LSS.  Taking into consideration universal significance of ecological problems with artificial LSS as a particular case of their solution, complexity and high cost of large-scale experiments with manned LSS, it would be expedient for these works to have the status of an International Program open to be joined.  A program of making artificial biospheres based on preceding experience and analysis of current situation is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, USSR.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gitelson
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning / Q000295:instrumentation; D000421:Alcaligenes; D018533:Biomass; D002708:Chlorella; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008021:Life Support Systems / Q000145:classification* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018535:Mars; D010944:Plants; D012993:Solar Energy; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000295:instrumentation; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation