title: Interventional approaches to the management of myofascial pain syndrome.
abstract: Interventional therapies are a valuable addition to our armamentarium when treating myofascial pain syndromes. When combined with other therapies, interventional techniques can be an effective adjunct in the multidisciplinary management of pain. This article describes current interventional therapies that are employed in treating myofascial pain syndromes. The mainstay of injection therapies, the myofascial trigger point injection, is emphasized. More recent advances, such as the use of botulinum toxin, are also discussed. In addition, other techniques such as acupuncture and the use of laser therapy are mentioned.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984455 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4455, USA. ccriscuo@unmc.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Criscuolo
mesh_terms: D026881:Acupuncture; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins