title: Identifying and using tools for reducing risks to patients and health care workers: a nursing perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research efforts and policy initiatives in health care errors and injury to health care workers have attracted increasing attention in recent years. An emerging theme in both these areas is the importance of organizational and other systems factors in the occurrence of medical error and health care worker injury. These commonalities call for the identification of common research efforts and, when appropriate, policy efforts.
  The proposition that health care error and worker injury are linked to the same organizational variables requires further research and deserves the same type of human factors approach that has characterized much of the investigative efforts that have occurred in the patient safety arena during the past decade. Serious problems exist with respect to access to data on staffing levels, skill mix, consecutive work hours, and other information that is crucial to examining the link between practice conditions, health care error, and health care worker injury.
  One important resource in identifying effective approaches to prevent error and health care worker injury is the field of human factors, the discipline concerned with the design of tools, machines, and systems that takes into account human capabilities, limitations, and characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential benefits of linking patient safety and health care worker safety efforts are significant. The research, experience, and successful practices from multiple disciplines must be utilized in identifying areas of common interest and concern in advancing work in both of these important areas.
authors.affiliation: American Nurses Association, 600 Maryland Ave, SW, Suite 100 West, Washington, DC 20024, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keepnews
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Worthington
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009738:Nursing Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D016272:Occupational Health; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards*; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D017751:Safety Management; D018511:Systems Integration; D014481:United States