title: Worst-case prediction strategy in force programming when visual information is obstructed.
abstract: A person's strategy for applying force while lifting an object is dependent upon visual cues. This study investigated the alteration of strategy in force programming when visual information about an object's size was obstructed at the moment of lifting. Seven subjects were instructed to use a precision grip for repeated lifts of a cube-like grip apparatus attached to a box. The grip apparatus was a special device designed to measure grip and load forces. Three different-sized plastic boxes of equal weight were pseudorandomly presented by attaching them beneath the grip apparatus to the subjects in two visual conditions. In the Full-vision condition, subjects could view the box's size prior to lifting. In the Obstructed-vision condition, a screen prevented subjects from seeing the box size prior to lifting. In the Full-vision condition, the grip force and load force used by subjects on the grip apparatus increased with box size. In contrast, the subjects in the Obstructed-vision condition used forces appropriate for the largest box regardless of box size. The present results suggest that absence of size information may cause an alteration of strategy used to determine force output in that subjects may apply a maximum force adequate for the largest box, which could be called a "worst-case" prediction strategy, i.e., when there is doubt, the most secure lift may be selected for all possible cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tezukayama University, Nara-city, Nara, Japan. skawai@tezukayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ivens
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014892:Weight Perception