Space radiation concerns for manned exploration.
Spaceflight exposes astronaut crews to natural ionizing radiation. To date, exposures in manned spaceflight have been well below the career limits recommended to NASA by the National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). This will not be the case for long-duration exploratory class missions. Additionally. International Space Station (ISS) crews will receive higher doses than earlier flight crews. Uncertainties in our understanding of long-term bioeffects, as well as updated analyses of the Hiroshima. Nagasaki and Chernobyl tumorigenesis data, have prompted the NCRP to recommend further reductions by 30-50% for career dose limit guidelines. Intelligent spacecraft design and material selection can provide a shielding strategy capable of maintaining crew exposures within recommended guidelines. Current studies on newer radioprotectant compounds may find combinations of agents which further diminish the risk of radiation-induced bioeffects to the crew.
Stanford
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Center of Aerospace Medicine and Physiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 77555, USA.
Jones
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JA
D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D018480:Astronauts; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008297:Male; D018535:Mars; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D016081:Moon; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011874:Radiometry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D019445:Solar Activity; D013026:Space Flight / Q000592:standards*; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D014893:Weightlessness
D011522:Protons; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents