Proton stopping cross sections of liquid water.
The proton stopping cross section of liquid water for the energy range from 40 keV to 10 MeV is calculated by applying the modified local-plasma model and employing a simple model of liquid water.  The calculated stopping cross section of liquid water is about 5.6% to 14% lower than the calculated vapor-state results for the range of 80 to 500 keV and is about 8.5% to 13.4% lower than measured vapor-state results.  The present results agree well with the measurements for ice crystals.  The mechanism of this physical-state effect is also presented.
Xu
Y J
YJ
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508, USA.
Khandelwal
G S
GS
Wilson
J W
JW
D004583:Electrons; D007053:Ice; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011522:Protons; D011835:Radiation Protection; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
D007053:Ice; D011522:Protons; D014867:Water