title: Metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscles to gravitational unloading.
abstract: Responses of high-energy phosphates and metabolic properties to hindlimb suspension were studied in adult rats. The relative content of phosphocreatine (PCr) in the calf muscles was significantly higher in rats suspended for 10 days than in age-matched cage controls. The Pi/PCr ratio, where Pi is inorganic phosphate, in suspended muscles was less than controls. The absolute weights of soleus and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were approximately 40% less than controls.  Although the % fiber distribution in MG was unchanged, the % slow fibers decreased and the % fibers which were classified as both slow and fast was increased in soleus. The activities (per unit weight or protein) of succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in soleus were unchanged but those of cytochrome oxidase, beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase were decreased following unloading.  None of these enzyme activities in MG changed.  However, the total levels of all enzymes in whole muscles decreased by suspension. It is suggested that shift of slow muscle toward fast type by unloading is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis. Further, gravitational unloading affected the levels of muscle proteins differently even in the same mitochondrial enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Physiol. Biomech., Nat'l, Inst. Fit. Sports, Kanoya City, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakatsuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Edgerton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D009218:Myosins