title: Systolic blood pressure response to exercise stress test and risk of stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise has been found to predict a future diagnosis of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease death. No studies have been conducted to show a relationship between SBP during exercise test and stroke. The aim of the present study was to study the associations between SBP rise, percent maximum SBP at 2 minutes after exercise, and the risk of stroke in a population-based sample of men with no prior coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  SBP was measured every 2 minutes during and after the exercise test. The subjects were a population-based sample of 1026 men without clinical coronary heart disease, antihypertensive medication, or prior stroke at baseline. During an average follow-up of 10.4 years, there were 46 cases of stroke (38 ischemic strokes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with SBP rise >19.7 mm Hg per minute of exercise duration had a 2.3-fold increased risk of any stroke and a 2.3-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke compared with men whose SBP rise was <16.1 mm Hg/min. Similarly, percent maximum SBP at 2 minutes after exercise (SBP at 2 minutes' recovery divided by maximum SBP) was associated (highest tertile) with a 4.6-fold increased risk of any stroke and a 5.2-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SBP rise during exercise and percent maximum SBP at 2 minutes after exercise were directly and independently associated with the risk of all stroke and ischemic stroke. Exercise SBP testing may be recommended as an additional tool in the prediction of future stroke.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Public Health, Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurl
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rauramaa
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lakka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sivenius
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Salonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control