title: Bilateral medial prefrontal and temporal neocortical hypometabolism in children with epilepsy and aggression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify brain regions with abnormal function in children with intractable partial epilepsy and aggressive behavior by using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six children (mean age, 9.9 years) with intractable partial epilepsy and aggressive behavior underwent detailed psychodevelopmental assessment and FDG-PET scanning. The objective technique of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was applied to define focal abnormalities of glucose metabolism, and compared those with those of a group of normal adult subjects (n = 17) as well as age-matched children with epilepsy with similar seizure characteristics but without aggression (n = 7). The findings were analyzed further by using a region-of-interest (ROI) approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aggressive children all showed developmental delay, and four of them also manifested autistic symptoms. SPM analysis demonstrated extensive glucose hypometabolism in the aggressive group bilaterally in the temporal and prefrontal cortex compared with that in normal adult controls. A focal area of medial prefrontal glucose hypometabolism was defined in the aggressive children as compared with the nonaggressive pediatric group with SPM, whereas ROI comparison of these groups confirmed prefrontal hypometabolism and also showed glucose hypometabolism of the temporal neocortex in the aggressive children. Severity of aggression correlated inversely with glucose metabolism of the left temporal as well as bilateral medial prefrontal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral prefrontal and temporal neocortical brain glucose hypometabolism in children with epilepsy and aggressive behavior may indicate a widespread dysfunction of cortical regions, which normally exert an inhibitory effect on subcortical aggressive impulses. PET studies may be used to elucidate the neurobiologic basis of aggressive behavior in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Behen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muzik
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chugani
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019579:Neocortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose