title: Intramuscular injection of insulin lispro or soluble human insulin: pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of insulin lispro and soluble human insulin following intramuscular (i.m.) injection in patients with Type 2 diabetes with secondary failure of sulphonylureas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single 15-U i.m. doses of insulin lispro or soluble human insulin were administered to 16 patients in a two-way, randomized, crossover design. Glucodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined over 6 h after insulin injection using clamp techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin C(max) was significantly higher (971 +/- 217 vs. 659 +/- 141 pmol/l, P < 0.001) and T(max) was significantly shorter (46.9 +/- 27 vs. 94.7 +/- 50.1 min, P = 0.002) with insulin lispro. Glucose infusion rate (GIR) curves showed clear separation 20 min after injection and were significantly greater for insulin lispro during the 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100-minute time intervals. Total glucose infused was only approximately 5% larger with insulin lispro during the 6-h follow-up, due to lower insulinaemia at later time points. The glucose R(max) and TR(max) were not statistically different between insulin treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that i.m. injection of insulin lispro is followed by its more rapid absorption, which results in stronger metabolic effect in the first 2 h when compared with soluble human insulin under the same test conditions. Diabet. Med. 18, 562-566 (2001)
authors.affiliation: University Clinic for Diabetes, Vuk Vrhovac Institute, Zagreb, Croatia. milicevic_zvonko@lilly.com
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Milicevic
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Profozic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ristic
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Woodworth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaliterna
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Metelko
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005905:Glyburide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro