title: Pain status of patients with severe haemophilic arthropathy.
abstract: Patients with severe haemophilia A growing up before the establishment of prophylactic treatment frequently developed significant haemarthropathies. The goal of the following study was to clarify the role of haemarthropathic pain for haemophilic patients. Furthermore, we aimed to determine to what degree daily activities are influenced by the impairment and which therapeutic modalities are used in pain management. Using a questionnaire we consulted 71 haemophiliacs concerning their complaints and how they were treated in 1999 (average age 43 years; range 21-63 years). The pain in the large joints and spine and the effect of specific treatment was estimated by a visual analogue scale. On average, there were four joints with major pain and 0.5 with minor pain. The most frequent sources of pain were the ankle joints (45%), followed by the knee (39%), spine (14%) and elbow (7%). Fifty percent of all patients complained of pain throughout the day if no treatment was applied. In 29% of patients, pain persisted after application of factor VIII (FVIII), while 12% claimed that pain still remained after use of FVIII and pain killers. Restriction in activities of daily life was reported by 89% of the group and 85% reported on an impact of pain on their mood. Patients primarily used FVIII to decrease pain, followed in frequency by use of anti-inflammatory drugs, orthopaedic footwear, liniments and bandages. Haemophilic patients with haemarthropathy are chronic pain patients. By means of the questionnaire, it is possible to reveal the 'silent' sufferers. Sufficient pain treatment is essential so as to increase the patient's quality of life and avoid inadvertent abnormal postures possibly resulting in increased loading of joints and subsequent bleeding episodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Bonn, Germany. wallny@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wallny
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seuser
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Brackmann
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kraft
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires