title: Planetary Protection Policy (U.S.A.).
abstract: Through existing treaty obligations of the United States, NASA is committed to exploring space while avoiding biological contamination of the planets, and to the protection of the Earth against harm from materials returned from space.  Because of the similarities between Mars and Earth, plans for the exploration of Mars evoke discussions of these Planetary Protection issues.  US Planetary Protection Policy will be focused on the preservation of these goals in an arena that will change with the growth of scientific knowledge about the martian environment.  Early opportunities to gain the appropriate data will be used to guide later policy implementation.  Because human presence on Mars will result in the end of Earth's separation from the martian environment, it is expected that precursor robotic missions will address critical planetary protection concerns before humans arrive.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rummel
mesh_terms: D003264:Containment of Biohazards; D018534:Earth, Planet; D018559:Exobiology; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D018535:Mars; D016083:Planets; D011640:Public Policy; D013026:Space Flight; D014481:United States; D018557:United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration