title: Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Spain: clonal diversity and appearance of ciprofloxacin-resistant epidemic clones.
abstract: Analysis of the pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles of 82 pneumococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (RSC) and of 90 co-occurring susceptible isolates indicates a considerable genetic diversity among isolates with RCS and points to a close relation between the two groups. This finding suggests that pneumococci with RCS emerge through independent mutational events.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, R. da Qta. Grande 6, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Rey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Lencastre
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D002939:Ciprofloxacin