title: The atmospheric cosmic- and solar energetic particle radiation environment at aircraft altitudes.
abstract: Galactic cosmic rays interact with the solar wind, the earth's magnetic field and hadron, lepton and photon fields at aircraft altitudes. In addition to cosmic rays, energetic particles generated by solar activity bombard the earth from time to time. These particles, while less energetic than cosmic rays, also produce radiation fields at aircraft altitudes which have qualitatively the same properties as atmospheric cosmic rays. We have used a code based on transport theory to calculate atmospheric cosmic-ray quantities and compared them with experimental data. Agreement with these data is seen to be good. We have then used this code to calculate equivalent doses to aircraft crews. We have also used the code to calculate radiation doses from several large solar energetic particle events which took place in 1989, including the very large event that occurred on September 29th and 30th of that year. The spectra incident on the atmosphere were determined assuming diffusive shock theory.
authors.affiliation: Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Friedberg
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000401:Aircraft; D000531:Altitude; D001272:Atmosphere; D001359:Aviation; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004601:Elementary Particles; D006801:Humans; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards; D019445:Solar Activity