title: Muscarinic versus nicotinic modulation of a visual task. a pet study using drug probes.
abstract: Little is known about acetylcholine (ACh) modulation of central visual processing in humans. Receptor densities in visual brain regions are differentially distributed suggesting that receptor subtypes have different functions. Using PET, we have previously described the brain regions activated by a simple pattern-flash stimulus in healthy elderly subjects. To evaluate muscarinic and nicotinic contributions to ACh modulation of visual processing, we scanned elderly subjects watching the pattern-flash stimulus during no drug, during physostigmine augmentation, and during scopolamine antagonism of physostigmine's action. These manipulations of ACh significantly altered regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in brain regions activated by the task. The pattern of rCBF values across drug conditions suggested that muscarinic and nicotinic effects were dissociated. Muscarinic action predominated in striate cortex (Brodmann Area, BA 17) and lateral visual association areas (BA 18, 19), while nicotinic action predominated in the thalamus and inferior parietal regions (BA 39/40). Both muscarinic and nicotinic actions increased rCBF in some regions while decreasing it in others. A parsimonious reconciliation of these results with functional anatomy suggests that muscarinic action modulates visual attribute processing, while nicotinic action modulates arousal and selective attention to the visual task.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. marcjm@optonline.net
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mentis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krasuski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sobti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schapiro
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D010830:Physostigmine; D012601:Scopolamine