title: Photolithographic synthesis of high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays.
abstract: High-density DNA probe arrays provide a massively parallel approach to nucleic acid sequence analysis that is transforming gene-based biomedical research and diagnostics. Light-directed combinatorial oligonucleotide synthesis has enabled the large-scale production of GeneChip probe arrays which contain several hundred of thousand oligonucleotide sequences on glass "chips" about one cm2 in size. Due to their very high information content, GeneChip probe arrays are finding widespread use in the hybridization-based detection and analysis of mutations and polymorphisms ("genotyping"), and in a wide range of gene expression studies. The manufacturing process integrates solid-phase photochemical oligonucleotide synthesis with lithographic techniques adapted from the microelectronics industry. The present-generation methodology employs MeNPOC photo-activatable nucleoside monomers with proximity photolithography, and is currently capable of printing individual 10 microns 2 probe features at a density of 10(6) probes/cm2.
authors.affiliation: Affymetrix, Inc., 3380 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Beecher
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bury
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doede
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fidanza
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: McGall
mesh_terms: D015342:DNA Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000737:chemistry; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D010777:Photochemistry
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D019793:Fluorescein