title: Fertilization of sea urchin eggs in space and subsequent development under normal conditions.
abstract: Sea urchin eggs are generally considered as most suitable animal models for studying fertilization processes and embryonic development.  In the present study, they are used for determining a possible role of gravity in fertilization and the establishment of egg polarity and the embryonic axis.  For this purpose, eggs of the particularly well known and suitable species Paracentrotus lividus have been automatically fertilized under microgravity conditions during the Swedish sounding rocket flights MASER IV and MASER V.  It turns out, that fertilization "in Space" occurs normally and that subsequent embryonic and larval development of such eggs, continued on the ground, is normal, leading to advanced pluteus stages.
authors.affiliation: Observatoire Océanologique, Université P. & M. Curie, Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Marthy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schatt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006112:Gravitation; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013026:Space Flight; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D014893:Weightlessness