title: Salvage cryotherapy using an argon based system for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: the Columbia experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate has been reported as potential treatment for radioresistant clinically localized prostate cancer. We report our experience with the safety and efficacy of salvage cryosurgery using the argon based CRYOCare system (Endocare, Inc, Irvine, California).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1997 and September 2000, 38 men with a mean age of 71.9 years underwent salvage cryosurgery for recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy failed. All patients had biochemical disease recurrence, defined as an increase in prostate specific antigen (PSA) of greater than 0.3 ng./ml. above the post-radiation PSA nadir. Subsequently prostate biopsy was positive for cancer. Pre-cryosurgery bone scan demonstrated no evidence of metastatic disease. In addition, these patients received 3 months of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy before cryotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PSA nadir was 0.1 or less, 1 or less and greater than 1 ng./ml. in 31 (81.5%), 5 (13.2%) and 2 (5.3%) patients, respectively. Biochemical recurrence-free survival calculated from Kaplan-Meier curves was 86% at 1 year and 74% at 2 years. Reported complications included rectal pain in 39.5% of cases, urinary tract infection in 2.6%, incontinence in 7.9%, hematuria in 7.9% and scrotal edema in 10.5%. The rate of rectourethral fistula, urethral sloughing and urinary retention was 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports cryosurgery of the prostate as safe and effective treatment in patients in whom radiation therapy fails. Using the CRYOCare machine resulted in a marked decrease in complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghafar
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De La Taille
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagiella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatal
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001128:Argon; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D001128:Argon