title: Tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of chronic cutaneous graft-vs-host disease: a case series of 18 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tacrolimus (formerly FK 506) is an immunosuppressive drug that works by inhibiting calcineurin, a calcium-dependent protein phosphatase required for immune function. Tacrolimus has been shown to be effective topically in atopic dermatitis and systemically in psoriasis and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). However, its efficacy in treating cutaneous GVHD when applied topically has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the therapeutic efficacy of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment on chronic cutaneous GVHD in patients with symptoms refractory to systemic corticosteroid therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tacrolimus ointment effectively treated pruritus and/or erythema in 13 (72%) of 18 patients with chronic GVHD. Responding patients had a rapid effect within several hours to days. Effectiveness was measured by means of patient report, results of physical examination, side-by-side comparisons of tacrolimus vs a vehicle control, and temporal flares of the cutaneous symptoms of the disease in the context of stopping tacrolimus ointment therapy. Because of the progression of GVHD and in 2 cases, loss of drug efficacy, all patients eventually went on to receive more aggressive treatment, including increases in steroid dosage, psoralen-UV-A therapy, and extracorporeal photopheresis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series suggests that tacrolimus ointment has efficacy in treating the erythema and pruritus of steroid-refractory, chronic cutaneous GVHD in most patients. The rapid response of tacrolimus ointment may provide a useful therapeutic bridge to systemic therapies that have slower onset, such as psoralen-UV-A therapy or extracorporeal photopheresis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nghiem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004890:Erythema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009824:Ointments; D011537:Pruritus / Q000188:drug therapy; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009824:Ointments; D016559:Tacrolimus