title: Endothelin-1 synthesis and endothelin B receptor expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and monocyte-derived macrophages is up-regulated by low density lipoproteins.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide exerting its effects predominantly by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. ET-1 acts as a mitogen and co-mitogen on vascular smooth muscle cells, and accumulating evidence suggests that ET-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Deposition of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the vessel wall is known to play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of native LDL (nLDL) and oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) on ET-1 synthesis and endothelin receptor expression in cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Native LDL and oxLDL induced a significant stimulation of ET-1 release and ET-1 mRNA expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. Antibodies against the scavenger receptor CD36 significantly reduced the oxLDL-induced stimulation of ET-1 synthesis. The antioxidants trolox and probucol did not significantly inhibit the LDL-induced rise of ET-1 release. Endothelin B receptor expression was up-regulated in both cell types after incubation with nLDL and oxLDL. In coronary smooth muscle cells, endothelin A receptor expression was slightly increased by LDL, whereas endothelin A receptor was not detectable in monocyte-derived macrophages. Coronary artery smooth muscle cells secreted a more than 150-fold higher amount of immunoreactive ET-1 into the cell culture medium than monocyte-derived macrophages. In summary, the present data, demonstrating a LDL-induced up-regulation of the endothelin system in coronary smooth muscle cells and in monocyte-derived macrophages, provide further support for a pathophysiological role of endothelin in coronary atherosclerosis and suggest that ET-1 might be involved in mediating the atherogenic effects of LDL.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany. cornelia.haug@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmid-Kotsas
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zorn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schuett
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruenert
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bachem
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000494:pharmacology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D019332:Endothelin-1; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase