title: Specific proteolysis of the NR2 subunit at multiple sites by calpain.
abstract: The NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor plays an important role in the molecular mechanisms of learning, memory and excitotoxicity. NMDA receptors are highly permeable to calcium, which can lead to the activation of the calcium-dependent protease, calpain. In the present study, the ability of calpain to modulate NMDA receptor function through direct proteolytic digestion of the individual NMDA receptor subunits was examined. HEK293t cells were cotransfected with the NR1a/2A, NR1a/2B or NR1a/2C receptor combinations. Cellular homogenates of these receptor combinations were prepared and digested by purified calpain I in vitro. All three NR2 subunits could be proteolyzed by calpain I while no actin or NR1a cleavage was observed. Based on immunoblot analysis, calpain cleavage of NR2A, NR2B and NR2C subunits was limited to their C-terminal region. In vitro calpain digestion of fusion protein constructs containing the C-terminal region of NR2A yielded two cleavage sites at amino acids 1279 and 1330. Although it has been suggested that calpain cleavage of the NMDA receptor may act as a negative feedback mechanism, the current findings demonstrated that calpain cleavage did not alter [(125)I]MK801 binding and that receptors truncated to the identified cleavage sites had peak intracellular calcium levels, (45)Ca uptake rates and basal electrophysiological properties similar to wild type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Guttmann
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Coulter
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C120997:NR2A NMDA receptor; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; C432823:NR2C NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D002154:Calpain; D002118:Calcium