title: The role of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex in telomerase- mediated lengthening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeres.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Saccharomyces Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p proteins form a complex, called the MRX complex, that is required to maintain telomere length. Cells lacking any one of the three MRX proteins and Mec1p, an ATM-like protein kinase, undergo telomere shortening and ultimately die, phenotypes characteristic of cells lacking telomerase. The other ATM-like yeast kinase, Tel1p, appears to act in the same pathway as MRX: mec1 tel1 cells have telomere phenotypes similar to those of telomerase-deficient cells, whereas the phenotypes of tel1 cells are not exacerbated by the loss of a MRX protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nuclease activity of Mre11p was found to be dispensable for the telomerase-promoting activity of the MRX complex. The association of the single-stranded TG1-3 DNA binding protein Cdc13p with yeast telomeres occurred efficiently in the absence of Tel1p, Mre11p, Rad50p, or Xrs2p. Targeting of catalytically active telomerase to the telomere suppressed the senescence phenotype of mec1 mrx or mec1 tel1 cells. Moreover, when telomerase was targeted to telomeres, telomere lengthening was robust in mec1 mrx and mec1 tel1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data rule out models in which the MRX complex is necessary for Cdc13p binding to telomeres or in which the MRX complex is necessary for the catalytic activity of telomerase. Rather, the data suggest that the MRX complex is involved in recruiting telomerase activity to yeast telomeres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Taggart
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Zakian
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D043211:Exodeoxyribonuclease V; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016615:Telomere / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019926:Cyclin B; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C086930:RAD50 protein, S cerevisiae; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C086929:XRS2 protein, S cerevisiae; D004247:DNA; C088937:MEC1 protein, S cerevisiae; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C513623:TEL1 protein, S cerevisiae; D019098:Telomerase; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; C094191:MRE11 protein, S cerevisiae; D043211:Exodeoxyribonuclease V