title: Relationship between chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix depletion in human articular cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chondrocyte apoptosis has been described in studies of the pathogenesis of various arthritides. Since matrix degradation is important in the pathology of arthritis, we investigated the effect of matrix depletion on chondrocyte apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive 1 mm sections of child's rib cartilage were cultured under 4 sets of conditions: (1) control; and treatment with (2) hyaluronidase, (3) collagenase, (4) hyaluronidase/collagenase alternately. Sections were harvested on Days 5, 8, and 11, and the proportion of apoptotic cells was measured by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Changes of Fas and Fas ligand expression were verified by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collagenase treatment led to an increase of apoptosis, which began on Day 8, whereas hyaluronidase treatment had no effect on chondrocyte viability up to Day 11. Alternating hyaluronidase and collagenase treatment induced chondrocyte death earlier, but the difference in apoptotic rate was not significant on Days 8 or 11 compared to collagenase treatment alone. Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of Fas ligand in all enzymatically treated specimens. Expression of Fas receptor was ubiquitous in both control and treated specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The collagen framework is important in the maintenance of chondrocyte survival in human cartilage. Upregulation of Fas ligand in matrix depleted specimens suggested that the Fas pathway may have a role in apoptosis induced by matrix depletion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D017364:Collagenases