title: Activation of lymphocytes inhibits human monocyte to macrophage differentiation.
abstract: Tissue macrophages (MAC) differentiate from circulating blood monocytes (MO) during a maturation step that is of crucial importance for their functional competence. In vitro a similar process of maturation can be observed, if MO are cultured in the presence of serum. In the work presented here, we show that activated lymphocytes can interfere with MAC differentiation. Resting lymphocytes have only marginal influence upon MO to MAC transition in vitro. However, if cells are activated by the lectins PWM or ConA or by double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, pI:C), normal MAC maturation is suppressed: MO stay small and do not acquire MAC maturation-associated surface molecules like carboxypeptidase M (CPM, determined by antibody MAX.1) or CD84 (determined by antibody MAX.3). This phenomenon can be induced by small numbers of lymphocytes and can be transmitted by soluble factors in cultures stimulated with ConA or PWM. IFN-gamma is present in these conditioned media and partially suppresses MAC maturation but cannot fully substitute for the conditioned media. On the contrary, in pI:C stimulated cultures, suppression of MAC differentiation is dependent on cell-cell contact. In conclusion, activated lymphocytes are able to suppress the terminal differentiation of MAC by several pathways depending on the mode of lymphocyte stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Regensburg, Germany. Stefan.Krause@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreutz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andreesen
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000032:analysis; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011070:Poly I-C; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C498970:CD84 protein, human; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C430423:LY9 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family; D003208:Concanavalin A; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C058479:carboxypeptidase M; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D011070:Poly I-C