title: Gravitational effects on the rearrangement of cytoplasmic components during axial formation in amphibian development.
abstract: The spatial positioning of the dorsal-ventral axis in the amphibian, Xenopus laevis, can be experimentally manipulated either by tipping the embryo relative to Earth's gravitational force vector or by centrifugation.  Experimental evidence suggests that certain cytoplasmic components are redistributed during the first cell cycle and that these components are, in part, responsible for the establishment of this axis.  Further studies indicate that at least some of the cytoplasmic components responsible for establishing this axis may be RNA.  Recombinant cDNA and PCR technology are utilized to isolate DNA clones for messenger RNA which becomes spatially localized to the dorsal side of the embryo.  These clones are being used to study the mechanisms of spatial localization and the function of the localized RNA transcripts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Whalon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danilchik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D016764:Cell Polarity; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005260:Female; D005775:Gastrula / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006112:Gravitation; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015053:Zygote / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA