title: Influence of clinostat rotation on fertilized amphibian egg pattern specification.
abstract: Pattern specification in fertile Xenopus eggs rotated on horizontal clinostats was monitored with respect to primary embryonic axis formation, subsequent morphogenesis, and compartmentalization of the cytoplasm.  At the speeds of 1 to 24 rpm (which are believed to simulate microgravity) a large percentage of eggs developed normal axial structures.  Eggs clinostated at 12 rpm showed a randomization of dorsal/ventral polarity.  The cytoplasmic compartments showed some clinostat effects but no abnormal mixing, disruption or dislocation of compartments.  It is predicted that Xenopus eggs fertilized and allowed to develop in space will retain normal cytoplasmic density compartments, establish primary axes and undergo normal morphogenesis in space.  Their dorsal/ventral polarity may not, however be determined by the sperm entrance site (as is the case for 1g eggs).
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Malacinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology; D016764:Cell Polarity; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D006112:Gravitation; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology*