title: In vitro contractile effects of neurokinin receptor blockade in the human ureter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We identified the predominance of neurokinin-2 receptors and evaluated the inhibition of spontaneous contraction via the blockade of neurokinin-2 receptors in human ureteral segments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Excess ureteral segments from human subjects undergoing donor nephrectomy or reconstructive procedures were suspended in tissue baths containing Krebs buffer. After spontaneous contractions were recorded, tissues were incubated with 1 microM. solutions of phosphoramidon and captopril (to inhibit peptide degradation) and either the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist CP 99,994, the neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist SR 48,968, the neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist SR 142,801 or dimethyl sulfoxide (control) for 1 hour. Contraction magnitude and frequency were again recorded and compared with spontaneous levels. Concentration-response curves to the tachykinins substance P, and neurokinins A and B were determined in the presence and absence of antagonists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neurokinin A increased contractility at lower concentrations than substance P or neurokinin B (p <0.013). Neurokinin-2 receptor blockade produced a 100-fold rightward shift of the concentration-response curves (p <0.013), while neurokinins 1 and 3 receptor blockade had no effect. SR 48,968 significantly reduced contractility during the 1-hour incubation period, causing a 97% reduction in spontaneous rates compared with a 29% reduction in control tissues. CP 99,994 and SR 142,801 had no significant effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurokinin-2 is the predominant receptor subtype responsible for tachykinin induced contraction of human ureteral smooth muscle. In vitro treatment with the neurokinin-2 antagonist SR 48,968 reduces the spontaneous contraction rate by 97% in vitro. Neurokinin-2 receptor antagonists may have clinical applications for ureteral disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jerde
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bjorling
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saban
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014513:Ureter / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001549:Benzamides; D006020:Glycopeptides; D010880:Piperidines; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2; D015320:Tachykinins; C080755:3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine; C073839:SR 48968; D002216:Captopril; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C091554:SR 142801; C008890:phosphoramidon