title: Dose rate and repair effects on cell damage in Earth orbit.
abstract: Radiobiology experiments performed in space will encounter continuous exposures to the cosmic rays and fractionated exposures to trapped protons which accumulate to several hundred dose fractions in a few weeks.  Using models of track structure and cellular kinetics combined with models of the radiation environment and radiation transport, we consider calculations of damage rates for cell cultures.  Analysis of the role of repair mechanisms for space exposures for the endpoints of survival and transformation is emphasized.
authors.affiliation: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000528:radiation effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003359:Cosmic Radiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011874:Radiometry; D013026:Space Flight
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D000535:Aluminum