title: Repeatability of choku-tsuki and oi-tsuki in shotokan karate: a 3-dimensional analysis with thirteen black-belt karateka.
abstract: 13 black-belt karateka performed two different standardized counter-offensive techniques. The trajectories of selected body landmarks were studied by using a computerized image analyzer that allows a 3-dimensional reconstruction of standardized movements. The repeatability of both karate techniques was quantified for each participant. Analysis confirmed that more experienced karateka obtained the best repeatability, as already demonstrated in a preliminary study conducted with a smaller sample of less experienced participants.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Locomotore, ISEF Lombardia Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy. LAFAL@unimi.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turci
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fragnito
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serrao
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Ferrario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts; D010507:Periodicity; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*