title: Preliminary total dose measurements on LDEF.
abstract: After spending nearly six years in Earth orbit twenty stacks consisting of radiation detectors and biological objects are now back on Earth.  These stacks (Experiment A0015 Free Flyer Biostack) are part of the fifty seven science and technology experiments of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) of NASA.  The major objectives of the Free Flyer Biostack experiments are to investigate the biological effectiveness of single heavy ions of the cosmic radiation in various biological systems and to provide information about the spectral composition of the radiation field and the total dose received in the LDEF orbit.  The Biostacks are mounted in two different locations of the LDEF.  Up to three layers of Lithium fluoride thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) of different isotopic composition were located at different depths of some Biostacks.  The preliminary analysis of the TLD yields maximum absorbed dose rates of 2.24 mGy day-1 behind 0.7 g cm-2 shielding and 1.17 mGy day-1 behind 12 g cm-2 shielding.  A thermal neutron fluence of 1.7 n cm-2 s-1 is determined from the differences in absorbed dose for different isotopic mixtures of Lithium.  The results of this experiment on LDEF are especially valuable and of high importance since LDEF stayed for about six years in the prospected orbit of the Space Station Freedom.  There is no knowledge about the effectiveness of the space radiation in long-term spaceflights and the dosimetric data in this orbit are scarce.
authors.affiliation: DLR, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Biophysics Division, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reitz
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D018534:Earth, Planet; D004867:Equipment Design; D005459:Fluorides; D007477:Ions; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D009502:Neutrons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D013026:Space Flight; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D018020:Lithium Compounds; C027651:lithium fluoride; D005459:Fluorides