title: Human locomotion and workload for simulated lunar and Martian environments.
abstract: Human locomotion in simulated lunar and Martian environments is investigated. A unique human-rated underwater treadmill and an adjustable ballasting harness simulate partial gravity in order to better understand how gravity determines the biomechanics and energetics of human locomotion. This study has two research aspects, biomechanics and energetics. The fundamental biomechanics measurements are continuously recorded vertical forces as exerted by subjects of the treadmill which is instrumented with a force platform. Experimental results indicate that peak vertical force and stride frequency decrease as the gravity level is reduced. Foot contact time is independent of gravity level. Oxygen uptake measurements, VO2, constitute the energetics, or workload, data for this study. As theory predicts, locomotion energy requirements for lunar (1/6-g) and Martian (3/8-g) gravity levels are significantly less than at 1-g. The observed variation in workload with gravity level is nonmonotonic, however, in over half the subject population. The hypothesis is offered that energy expenditure increases for lunar, as compared with Martian, locomotion due to the subject "wasting energy" for stability and posture control in simulated lunar gravity. Biomechanics data could influence advanced spacesuit design and planetary habitat design, while workload data will help define oxygen requirements for planetary life support systems.
authors.affiliation: Man-Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004867:Equipment Design; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018535:Mars; D016081:Moon; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation; D016526:Workload