title: Recent approaches in the analysis of weightlessness effects on arthropod development.
abstract: The concept of Biological Development refers to the extremely complex process by which every biological organism reproduces starting from a huge single cell, the fertilized egg.  It includes all aspects of cellular and intercellular structure and function.  In spite of many recent advances, especially at the molecular and genetical level, we are still far from fully understanding the details and mechanisms at work in developmental systems.  It is even unclear what physical mechanisms are used by the different molecular components resulting in the emergence of these higher levels of organization.  Newman and Comper, have extensively discussed the "generic" physical forces potentially involved in pattern formation, arguing that among others, gravitational effects could be involved in the production of cytoplasmic, tissue and extracellular matrix components rearrangements playing a role in morphogenesis.  Although plagued with the problem of being a very weak force, specially at the tiny dimensions of cells, gravity is one of the "generic" physical forces that have been continuously operating on biological organisms during evolution.  Few scientists would argue against the idea that at least in the early times of evolution, gravity could have been involved in shaping the spatial inhomogeneities behind the initial phases of development.
authors.affiliation: MDBML, Dept. Bioq. UAM, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ushakov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Juan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manzanares
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandorena
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miquel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001181:Arthropods; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D012107:Research Design; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness