title: The effects of space flight on some rat liver enzymes regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
abstract: We have examined, in the livers of rats carried aboard the Cosmos 936 biosatellite, the activities of about 30 enzymes concerned with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.  In addition to the enzyme studies, the levels of glycogen and of the individual fatty acids in hepatic lipids were determined.  Livers from flight and ground control rats at recovery (R0) and 25 days after recovery (R25) were used for these analyses. For all parameters measured, the most meaningful comparisons are those made between flight stationary (FS) and flight centrifuged (FC) animals at RQ.  When these two groups of flight rats were compared at R0, statistically significant decreases in the activity levels of glycogen phosphorylase, alpha-glycerol phosphate acyl transferase, diglyceride acyl transferase, aconitase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and an increase in the palmitoyl CoA desaturase were noted in the weightless group (FS).  The significance of these findings was strengthened by the fact that all enzyme activities showing alterations at R0 returned to normal 25 days postflight. When liver glycogen and total fatty acids of the two sets of flight animals were determined, significant differences that could be attributed to reduced gravity were observed.  The weightless group (FS) at R0 contained, on the average, more than twice the amount of glycogen than did the centrifuged controls (FC) and a remarkable shift in the ratio of palmitate to palmitoleate was noted.  These metabolic alterations, both in enzyme levels and in hepatic constituents, appear to be characteristic of the weightless condition.  Our data seem to justify the conclusion that centrifugation during flight is equivalent to terrestrial gravity.
authors.affiliation: Bruce Lyon Memorial Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Volkmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002498:Centrifugation; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018470:Gravity, Altered; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013026:Space Flight; D015431:Weight Loss; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008112:Liver Glycogen