title: Small recirculating filters for nitrogen reduction.
abstract: Concerned about the negative impacts of nitrogen loading from septic systems on the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Maryland's Anne Arundel County Health Department has pioneered the use of small recirculating sand filters to reduce nitrogen in effluent from residential septic systems. Recirculating sand filters can reduce the total nitrogen in septic-tank effluent by up to 70 percent. Years of experience and the county's participation in the National Onsite Demonstration Project have led to modifications that make the filters more acceptable to homeowners. Use of alternative media, changes in flow patterns, and homeowner education have increased acceptance by homeowners.
authors.affiliation: Anne Arundel County Department of Health, J. Howard Beard Health Services Building, 3 Harry S. Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Piluk
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Byers
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011639:Public Opinion; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014872:Water Movements; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen