title: Intraureteral metallic endoprosthesis in the treatment of ureteral strictures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience on intraureteral metallic stents placement for the treatment of malignant and benign ureteral strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (six men and two women) with inoperable malignant or benign ureteral strictures, underwent insertion of metallic stents through percutaneous tracts. Six lesions (three malignant, three benign) involved ureterointestinal anastomoses after cystectomy for bladder cancer and ureteroileal urinary diversion or bladder substitution, and two malignant lesions involved the midureter. Self-expandable stents were used in seven cases and a balloon-expandable stent in the remaining one case. One stent was sufficient in seven ureters, and in one ureter, two overlapping stents were placed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metallic stents were inserted without technical difficulties in all obstructed ureters and patency was achieved in all patients. Ultrasonography revealed resolution of pre-existing hydronephrosis. The duration of follow-up was 6-17 months (mean, 9 months). One ureter was occluded 8 months after stent placement because of ingrowth of tumor and granulation tissue. The other ureters showed no signs of obstruction during follow-up. No major complications directly attributable to the metallic stent occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that insertion of a metallic stent in the ureter is feasible and safe for the treatment of benign or malignant ureteral strictures. However, more work needs to be done to establish the use of these stents for the treatment of ureteral obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete,Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daskalopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatzidakis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Triantafyllou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delakas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anezinis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metaxari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cranidis
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*