title: Habitability constraints/objectives for a Mars manned mission:  internal architecture considerations.
abstract: It is generally accepted that high quality internal environment shall strongly support crew's adaptation and acceptance to situation of long isolation and confinement.  Thus, this paper is an attempt to determine to which extent the resulting stress corresponding to the anticipated duration of a trip to Mars (1 and a half years to 2 and a half years) could be decreased when internal architecture of the spacecraft is properly designed.  It is assumed that artificial gravity shall be available on board the Mars spacecraft.  This will of course have a strong impact on internal architecture as far as a 1-g oriented design will become mandatory, at least in certain inhabited parts of the spacecraft.  The review of usual Habitability functions is performed according to the peculiarities of such an extremely long mission.  A particular attention is paid to communications issues and the need for privacy.  The second step of the paper addresses internal architecture issues through zoning analyses.  Common, Service and Personal zones need to be adapted to the constraints associated with the extremely long duration of the mission.  Furthermore, due to the nature of the mission itself (relative autonomy, communication problems, monotony) and the type of selected crew (personalities, group structure) the implementation of a "fourth zone", so-called "recreational" zone, seems to be needed.  This zoning analysis is then translated into some internal architecture proposals, which are discussed and illustrated.  This paper is concluded by a reflection on habitability and recommendations on volumetric requirements.  Some ideas to validate proposed habitability items through simulation are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Aerospatiale les Mureaux, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Winisdoerffer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soulez-Larivière
mesh_terms: D018480:Astronauts / Q000523:psychology*; D004779:Environment Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D018535:Mars; D010550:Personal Space; D011998:Recreation; D012934:Social Isolation; D013026:Space Flight; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013997:Time Factors; D014893:Weightlessness