title: Highly polymorphic short tandem repeat analyses clarify complex molecular test results.
abstract: Judicious application of highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) analyses and modification of assay conditions readily distinguished nonparentage from true parentage, with occasional failure to transmit one parentally derived allele. These categories were resolved with a reliability of >99.9%, the standard applied to most DNA evidence presented in a U.S. court of law. While completing a single prenatal diagnosis submitted at 19 weeks gestation, the authors found that one polymorphic grandpaternal allele did not amplify, a duplicate control propositus' DNA sample had been switched by an outside laboratory, and recombination occurred in maternal meiosis within the mutant gene region. In two parentage cases with one available parent, a Y-linked STR or an autosomal STR was modified when transmitted to the offspring. In contrast, some apparently inconsistent results between parental DNA and offspring were resolved by purifying or diluting the original extracted DNA samples. Thus, the source of each complex molecular test result was characterized unambiguously by testing a sufficient number of highly polymorphic STR loci and by purifying or diluting troublesome DNA samples to diminish polymerase chain reaction amplification artifact.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatric, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118-2526, USA. rlebo@bu.edu
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Lebo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farrer
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Fenerci
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Milunsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010334:Paternity; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA