title: Progression of functional and structural cardiac alterations in young normotensive uncomplicated patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have recently observed that in young, normotensive patients with a type I diabetes mellitus and no macro or microvascular complications, large artery structure and function are already altered. This study has been done to assess whether this condition is also characterized by early alterations in cardiac structure and function, and whether these alterations progress with time.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 56 insulin-treated, normotensive uncomplicated type I diabetic patients (age 35.0 +/- 2 years, means +/- SE) in good metabolic control, left ventricular wall thickness and diameter were measured by echocardiography together with left ventricular ejection fraction and diastolic function E/A (ratio between early and late ventricular filling), before and after 23 +/- 1 months. The same measurements were made in 20 age and sex-matched subjects who served as controls (C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to C, diabetic patients had a significant increase in left ventricular wall (septal plus posterior wall) thickness (+ 8.4%), left ventricular mass index (+ 11%) and h/r ratio (left ventricular wall thickness/ventricular end diastolic diameter, + 16.0%) whereas they showed a reduction of E/A (-6%). In C, all echocardiographic values were unchanged after 2 years. This was the case also for diabetic patients, except for left ventricular ejection fraction and diastolic diameter which showed a significant reduction (-7.2%) and increase (+ 3.8%), respectively, with a reduction of ratio between LV wall thickness and diameter, h/r (-6.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uncomplicated type I diabetes mellitus is characterized by early structural and functional cardiac alterations. Some of these alterations show a measurable progression within a relatively short time span.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Prevention and Applied Biotechnology, Università of Milan-Bicocca, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carugo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannattasio
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Calchera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paleari
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gorgoglione
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grappiolo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gamba
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Failla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left