title: The experimental study of microbial contamination of the space hardware.
abstract: The role of potential contaminants of design materials and products of space technology--aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes (myxobacteria, eubacteria, corinebacteria, actinomyces), and eukaryotes (micromyces), psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic forms, chemolythotrophic microorganisms is discussed in this paper.  The methods of analysis of microbial contamination in the solution of problem of the planetary protection are considered.  The necessity of the use of ultrasound at the evaluation of surface and subsurface contamination of specimens is demonstrated; methods of determination of buried contamination (with the use of organic solvents and mechanical pulverization) are discussed.  The data on buried and subsurface contamination for some materials and electronic parts together with microflora resistivity to sterilizing treatment are given.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Industrial Association "Biotechnology", Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Vasin
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Trofimov
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D003264:Containment of Biohazards / Q000379:methods*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D005658:Fungi; D006358:Hot Temperature; D016083:Planets; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*