title: Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation of the X and Y chromosomes in the human eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sex of individual cells in paraffin sections of the human eye by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) of the X and Y chromosomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors developed a protocol for FISH of the X and Y chromosomes in paraffin sections of human eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the specimens that had been fixed in 10% formalin and with a fixation time of up to 3 days sex determination of individual cells was achieved. The percentage of cells with clearly identifiable signals was up to 98% for corneal epithelium, keratocytes, corneal endothelium, trabecular meshwork, lens epithelium, retina, and optic nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FISH allows the determination of the sex of single cells in paraffin sections of human eyes without destruction of the tissue structure. Its main application is the histological analysis of sex mismatched corneal, RPE, or neuroretinal transplants to distinguish host and donor cells.
authors.affiliation: Eye Pathology Laboratory, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. gwollens@hotmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wollensak
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology; D005123:Eye / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D007399:Interphase / Q000235:genetics*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000166:cytology; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*