title: Identification of oral spirochetes at the species level and their association with other bacteria in endodontic infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent molecular approaches have revealed that fastidious organisms such as Bacteroides forsythus and oral treponemes were frequently found in root canals with apical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to identify the isolates of oral spirochetes at the species level in endodontic infections and to determine their association with B forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine teeth with apical periodontitis were selected for this study. After sampling from the root canals aseptically, polymerase chain reaction amplification for the 16S rRNA gene was performed with eubacterial universal primers. Subsequently, dot-blot hybridization was performed with 8 species-specific oligonucleotide probes. The microbial associations were analyzed by using the odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently found species was P gingivalis (27.4%), followed by Treponema maltophilum (26%), B forsythus (16.4%), and Treponema socranskii (2.7%). Other treponemes, including Treponema denticola, were not detected in our samples. Significant microbial associations were identified between T maltophilum, B forsythus, and P gingivalis by performing analysis with the odds ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that T maltophilum should be included in etiologic studies of endodontic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015342:DNA Probes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008875:Middle Aged; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013144:Spirochaetales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D014208:Treponema / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S