title: Response of extruded intervertebral herniated discs to percutaneous laser disc decompression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features of 21 patients with extruded (but nonsequestered) herniated intervertebral discs before and after treatment with percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PLDD was introduced in February, 1986, by Choy and Ascher. This relatively noninvasive technique for the treatment of herniated intervertebral discs has been extensively described elsewhere. Previously, only uncomplicated disc herniations were treated with PLDD, with a success rate according to the MacNab criteria of 89% and a complication rate of 0.4 to 1.0%. Until 1998, the author and others adhered to strict criteria of patient selection to produce "clean" data that could be analyzed without complications. However, after 12 years of accumulating clinical data, it became feasible and desirable to "expand the envelope" and attempt treatment of more complicated cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-documented extruded, but nonsequestered, herniated discs with appropriate pain syndromes were treated with PLDD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of the 21 patients treated achieved the top category of the MacNab criteria, with good pain relief, and in some instances, reversal of neurologic deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with extruded but nonsequestered disc herniations may now be included in the group selected for PLDD.
authors.affiliation: Laser Spine Center and Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10021, USA. DSC@Columbia.edu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Choy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D016896:Treatment Outcome