title: Surgical management of left-sided carcinoid heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoid involvement of left-sided heart valves has been reported in patients with a patent foramen ovale, carcinoid tumor of the lung, and active carcinoid syndrome with high levels of serotonin. The present study details the clinical features and surgical management of patients with carcinoid heart disease affecting both left- and right-sided valves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients (7 men, 4 women) with symptomatic carcinoid heart disease underwent surgery for left- and right-sided valve disease between 1989 and 1999. Mean age was 57+/-9 years, and median preoperative NYHA class was 3. All patients had metastatic carcinoid tumors and were on somatostatin analog. Of 11 patients, 5 (45%) had a patent foramen ovale; 1 of these also had a primary lung carcinoid tumor. Surgery included tricuspid valve replacement in all patients, pulmonary valve replacement in 3 and valvectomy in 7, mitral valve replacement in 6 and repair in 1, aortic valve replacement in 4 and repair in 2, CABG in 2, and patent foramen ovale closure in 5. One myocardial metastatic carcinoid tumor was removed. There were 2 perioperative deaths. At a mean follow-up of 41 months, 4 additional patients were dead. All but 1 surgical survivor initially improved >/=1 functional class. No patient required reoperation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carcinoid heart disease may affect left- and right-sided valves and occurred without intracardiac shunting in 55% of this surgical series. Despite metastatic disease that limits longevity, operative survivors had improvement in functional capacity. Cardiac surgery should be considered for select patients with carcinoid heart disease affecting left- and right-sided valves.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. connolly.heidi@mayo.edu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mullany
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pellikka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002275:Carcinoid Heart Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013004:Somatostatin