title: Molecular mechanism to maintain stem cell renewal of ES cells.
abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells directly derived from early stage embryos that retain the ability to differentiate into all cell types. This unique feature is the basis of various applications of ES cell technology such as in vitro models of mammalian development, germline transgenesis to make knockout mice, and a generic source for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. To achieve success in these applications, the pluripotency of ES cells has to be kept stable during long-term culture in vitro, leading to the necessity of determining the molecular basis for maintaining ES self-renewal. This paper summarizes the recent progress in this area, focusing mainly on the LIF signaling pathway and the transcription factor Oct-3/4. Although it is still unclear how these components works together, a model is presented here that provides a plan to solve this problem.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Regulation Research, Area of Molecular Therapeutics, Course of Advanced Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. niwa@rtc.riken.go.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niwa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C494174:Pou5f1 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors