title: Headspace-gas chromatography: an ideal technique for sampling volatiles present in non-volatile matrices.
abstract: After a brief overview of the techniques of static and dynamic headspace sampling and examples are given for the dynamic method ("purge and trap"). With respect to static headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) the theoretical background of the technique and the principles of the existing instruments are outlined. Five questions related to static HS-GC are discussed in more detail: trace analysis; ultratrace analysis with cryogenic enhancement of the analytes and elimination of the possible effect of excess water vapor in the sample; sample modification by carrying out reactions in the sample vial; non-equilibrium static HS-GC; and pattern analysis by HS-GC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06850-8286, USA.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ettre
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013649:Taste; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants