title: Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract symptoms following brief environmental exposure to aerosols during a pfiesteria-related fish kill.
abstract: An outbreak of illness with flulike symptoms among state workers responding to a Pfiesteria bloom that resulted in fish death and distress on the Chicamacomico River on Maryland's Eastern Shore was investigated. Using case-control methodology, seven workers present at the Chicamacomico were compared to seven occupationally matched controls not present. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their exposures to water and their symptom histories and were assessed with a standard neuropsychological test battery. Three months later, the same questionnaires and neuropsychological tests were repeated. Three of the seven exposed workers cited minimal direct contact with water and four cited none. During the event, four developed burning eyes or nares and six developed a headache or sore throat. Six developed crampy abdominal pain, nausea, or diarrhea within 4 h of their exposure. In contrast, the only aforementioned symptom reported by controls was headache in two individuals. Acute and follow-up neuropsychological tests showed no consistent pattern of deficiency among the exposed. In conclusion, a flulike clinical illness was observed following exposure to a Pfiesteria-related fish kill, possibly as a result of inhalation of toxic aerosols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Haselow
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magnien
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Grattan
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Oldach
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005399:Fishes; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020045:Pfiesteria piscicida / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols