title: Interferon regulatory factor-two restricts expression of interferon-stimulated genes to the endometrial stroma and glandular epithelium of the ovine uterus.
abstract: Interferon tau (IFNtau) is the signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants. The positive effects of IFNtau on IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression are mediated by ISG factor 3 (ISGF3), which is composed of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 1, Stat 2, and IFN regulatory factor-9 (IRF-9), and by gamma-activated factor (GAF), which is a Stat 1 homodimer. Induction of ISGs, such as ISG17 and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, by IFNtau during pregnancy is limited to the endometrial stroma (S) and glandular epithelium (GE) of the ovine uterus. The IRF-2, a potent transcriptional repressor of ISG expression, is expressed in the luminal epithelium (LE). This study determined effects of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and IFNtau on expression of Stat 1, Stat 2, IRF-9, IRF-1, and IRF-2 genes in the ovine endometrium. In cyclic ewes, Stat 1, Stat 2, IRF-1, and IRF-9 mRNA and protein were detected at low levels in the S and GE. During pregnancy, expression of these genes increased only in the S and GE. Expression of IRF-2 was detected only in the LE and superficial GE (sGE) of both cyclic and pregnant ewes. In cyclic ewes, intrauterine administration of IFNtau stimulated Stat 1, Stat 2, IRF-9, and IRF-1 expression in the endometrium. Ovine IRF-2 repressed transcriptional activity driven by IFN-stimulated response elements that bind ISGF3, but not by gamma-activation sequences that bind GAF. These results suggest that IRF-2 in the LE and sGE restricts IFNtau induction of ISGs to the S and GE. In the S and GE, IFNtau hyperactivation of ISG expression likely involves formation and actions of the transcription factors ISGF3 and, perhaps, IRF-1.
authors.affiliation: Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burghardt
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Berghman
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Bazer
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000494:pharmacology; D050832:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3; D007372:Interferons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; D012756:Sheep; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; D007370:Interferon Type I; D050832:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C020947:interferon tau; D007372:Interferons