title: Method for determining stable isotope ratios of dissolved organic carbon in interstitial and other natural marine waters.
abstract: A procedure is described for the analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters from marine and higher-salinity environments.  Rapid (less than 5 min) and complete oxidation of DOC is achieved using a modification of previous photochemical oxidation techniques.  The CO2 evolved from DOC oxidation can be collected in less than 10 min for isotopic analysis.  The procedure is at present suitable for oxidation and collection of 1-5 micromoles of carbon and has an associated blank of 0.1-0.2 micromole of carbon.  Complete photochemical oxidation of DOC standards was demonstrated by quantitative recovery of CO2 as measured manometrically.  Isotopic analyses of standards by photochemical and high-temperature sealed-tube combustion methods agreed to within 0.3%.  Photochemical oxidation of DOC in a representative sediment pore-water sample was also quantitative, as shown by the excellent agreement between the photochemical and sealed-tube methods.  The delta 13C values obtained for pore-water DOC using the two methods of oxidation were identical, suggesting that the modified photochemical method is adequate for the isotopically non-fractionated oxidation of pore-water DOC.  The procedure was evaluated through an analysis of DOC in pond and pore waters from a hypersaline microbial mat environment.  Concentrations of DOC in the water column over the mat displayed a diel pattern, but the isotopic composition of this DOC remained relatively constant (average delta 13C = -12.4%).  Pore-water DOC exhibited a distinct concentration maximum in the mat surface layer, and delta 13C of pore-water DOC was nearly 8% lighter at 1.5-2.0-cm depth than in the mat surface layer (0-0.5-cm depth).  These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in elucidating differences in DOC concentration and delta 13C over biogeochemically relevant spatial and temporal scales.  Carbon isotopic analysis of DOC in natural waters, especially pore waters, should be a useful probe of biogeochemical processes in recent environments.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Des Marais
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D009791:Oceanography / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010777:Photochemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002713:Chlorine; D002244:Carbon