title: Low altitude dose measurements from APEX, CRRES and DMSP.
abstract: Dosimeter data taken on the APEX (1994-1996), CRRES (1990-1991) and DMSP (1984-1987) satellites have been used to study the low altitude (down to 350 km) radiation environment. Of special concern has been the inner edge of the inner radiation belt due to its steep gradient. We have constructed dose models of the inner edge of the belt from all three spacecraft and put them into a personal computer utility, called APEXRAD, that calculates dose for user-selected orbits. The variation of dose for low altitude, circular orbits is given as a function of altitude, inclination and particle type. Dose-depth curves show that shielding greater than approximately 1/4 in Al is largely ineffectual for low altitude orbits. The contribution of outer zone electrons to low altitude dose is shown to be important only for thin shields and to have significant variation with magnetic activity and solar cycle.
authors.affiliation: Geophysics Directorate, Phillips Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731, USA.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gussenhoven
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holeman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delorey
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D004583:Electrons; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008280:Magnetics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012984:Software; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D011522:Protons