title: Phasic activities of rapid eye movement sleep in vegetative state patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the phasic components of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in patients in vegetative state and to evaluate the possible relationship of these activities to patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep disorders unit at a major rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients in vegetative state (10 males and 1 female) aged 17-53 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous 24-hour polysomnographic recording.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients had REM sleep periods during the 24-hr recording session. Mean total REM sleep time for the whole session was 66.5 +/- 34.9 min, and for the nocturnal hours only, 37.3 +/- 19.7 min. Comparison with the control group (79.2 +/- 11.5 min) yielded a significant difference only for nocturnal REM sleep time (p<0.0003). The duration of the REM sleep periods was significantly shorter in the patients than the controls for the whole 24-hr session (10.9 +/- 6.0 vs.19.6 +/- 4.9 min, p<0.008), but not for the nocturnal period alone. Compared to controls, the density of rapid eye movements (REMs) (p=0.001), chin twitches (p=0.002), and leg muscle twitches (p=0.023) was significantly lower in the patient group. The density of the sawtooth waves was also lower in the patients, but the difference did not reach significance (p=0.069). Similar results were obtained when the comparison was done only for the nocturnal period. There was no significant difference for any of the REM sleep characteristics or REM sleep phasic activities (24-hr, nocturnal and diurnal periods) between the patients who recovered consciousness and those who did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that patients in vegetative state have a significant reduction in the phasic activities of REM sleep. However, the amount of these activities is unrelated to recovery from the clinical condition. These findings may reflect possible damage to the pedunculopontine tegmentum cholinergic mechanisms in vegetative state.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Unit, Loewenstein Hospital, Rehabilitation Center, Raanana, Israel. psycot3@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oksenberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arons
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sazbon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*