Bitter-sweet symphony: defining the role of dendritic cell gp120 receptors in HIV infection.
BACKGROUND
Dendritic cells (DC) are believed to be one of the first cell types infected during HIV transmission. Recently a single C-type lectin receptor (CLR), DC-SIGN, has been reported to be the predominant receptor on monocyte derived DC (MDDC) rather than CD4. The role of other CLRs in HIV binding and HIV binding by CLRs on other types of DC in vivo is largely unknown.


OBJECTIVE
Review HIV binding to DC populations, both in vitro and in vivo, in light of the immense interest of a recently re-identified CLR called DC-SIGN.


CONCLUSIONS
From recent work, it is clear that immature MDDC have a complex pattern of HIV gp120 binding. In contrast to other cell types gp120 has the potential to bind to several receptors on DC including CD4 and several types of C type lectin receptor, not just exclusively DC-SIGN. Given the diverse types of DC in vivo future work will need to focus on defining the receptors for HIV binding to these different cell types. Mucosal transmission of HIV in vivo targets immature sessile DCs, including Langerhans cells which lack DC-SIGN. The role of CLRs and DC-SIGN in such transmission remains to be defined.
Turville
S G
SG
Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, PO Box 412 Darcy Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
Cameron
P U
PU
Arthos
J
J
MacDonald
K
K
Clark
G
G
Hart
D
D
Cunningham
A L
AL
D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002460:Cell Line; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000502:physiology; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D037102:Lectins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin