title: Renal sodium handling and haemodynamics are equally affected by hyperinsulinaemia in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant hypertensives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well-known that insulin induces renal sodium retention. It is not yet known whether insulin's renal effects are involved in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. We assessed the effects of insulin on renal sodium handling and haemodynamics in 10 salt-sensitive (SS) and 10 salt-resistant (SR) essential hypertensives.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a baseline period of 90 min, all subjects underwent a euglycaemic clamp with sequential infusion of a physiological and supraphysiological dose of insulin (50 and 150 mU/kg per h) during 90 min periods each. Time-control studies were performed in the same subjects. Clearances of 131I-hippuran, 125I-iothalamate, sodium and lithium were used to evaluate renal plasma flow (RPF), CNa/glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and fractional proximal and distal sodium reabsorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma insulin levels and insulin-mediated glucose uptake did not differ between both groups. RPF and GFR showed similar increases during both insulin infusions in both groups. During physiological hyperinsulinaemia, fractional sodium excretion decreased 38% (P = 0.009) in the SS group and 36% (P = 0.002) in the SR group. During supraphysiological hyperinsulinaemia, fractional sodium excretion decreased 49% (P = 0.01) in the SS group and 19% (P = 0.2) in the SR group, not statistically different between both groups. Fractional proximal sodium reabsorption was unaffected and fractional distal sodium reabsorption increased to a similar magnitude in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparable renal effects of acute exogenous hyperinsulinaemia in SS and SR hypertensives do not support a role for insulin in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. However, the results do not yet exclude a role for chronic hyperinsulinaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.c.ter.maaten@int.azg.nl
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: ter Maaten
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Serné
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Donker
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Gans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium