title: Ultrastructural aspects of otoliths and sensory epithelia of fish inner ear exposed to hypergravity.
abstract: The present electron microscopical investigations were directed to the question, whether alterations in the gravitational force might induce structural changes in the morphology of otoliths or/and inner ear sensory epithelia of developing and adult swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri) that had been kept either under long-term moderate hypergravity (8 days; 3g) or under short-time extreme hypergravity (10 minutes up to 9g). The otoliths of adult and neonate swordtail fish were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Macular epithelia of adult fish were examined both by SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The saccular otoliths (sagittae) of normally hatched adult fish revealed an enormous inter- (and even intra-; i.e. left vs. right) individual diversity in shape and size, whereas the otoliths of utricles (lapilli) and lagenae (asterisci) seemed to be more constant regarding morphological parameters. The structural diversity of juvenile otoliths was found to be less prominent as compared to the adults, differing from the latter regarding their peculiar crystalline morphology. Qualitative differences in the fine structure (SEM) of otoliths taken from adult and larval animals kept under 3g in comparison to 1g controls could not be observed. The SEM and TEM investigations of sensory epithelia also did not reveal any effects due to 3g stimulation. Even extreme hypergravity (more than 7g) for 10 minutes did not result in distinct pathological changes.
authors.affiliation: Zoological Institute, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibsch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nindl
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Anken
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kortje
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rahmann
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018471:Hypergravity; D007814:Larva; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012444:Saccule and Utricle / Q000648:ultrastructure