title: High frequency of ras mutations in forestomach and lung tumors of B6C3F1 mice exposed to 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone for 2 years.
abstract: 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone (ADBAQ) is an anthraquinone-derived vat dye, and a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals. In a 2-year study with dietary exposure to 10,000 or 20,000 ppm ADBAQ, increased incidence of forestomach and lung tumors were observed in B6C3F1 mice. The present study indentified genetic alterations in H-ras and K-ras proto-oncogenes in ADBAQ-induced tumors. Point mutations in ras proto-oncogenes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism, single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA isolated from paraffin-embedded squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas in the forestomach, and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas in the lung. A higher frequency of ras mutations was identified in ADBAQ-induced forestomach (23/32, 72%) and lung tumors (16/23, 70%) than in spontaneous forestomach (4/11, 36%) and lung tumors (26/86, 30%). H-ras codon 61 CTA mutations were detected in (4/8, 50%) ADBAQ-induced forestomach squamous cell papillomas and (10/24, 42%) squamous cell carcinomas, but not in the spontaneous forestomach tumors examined. H-ras codon 61 CGA mutation (6/24, 25%) was also detected in ADBAQ-induced forestomach squamous cell carcinomas. K-ras codon 61 A to T transversions and A to G transitions were prominent in ADBAQ-induced lung alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas. The major finding of A to T transversions or A to G transitions in forestomach and lung tumors suggests that ADBAQ or its metabolites target adenine bases in the ras proto-oncogenes and that these mutations play a dominant role in multi-organ
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ton
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Maronpot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sills
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003062:Codon; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000187:drug effects*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D002273:Carcinogens; D003062:Codon; C047777:1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone