title: A real-time approach to detect seal defects in food packages using ultrasonic imaging.
abstract: The microbial integrity of many types of flexible food packages depends on a zero defect level in the fused seam seal. Human inspection for defects in these seals is marginal at best, and secondary incubation protocols are often used to spot packages with compromised integrity before releasing product for sale. A new type of inspection method has been developed and is being evaluated for robustness. The purpose of the study was to evaluate a new raster scanning geometry to simulate continuous motion, online ultrasonic inspection of the seal region in flexible food package seals. A principal engineering tradeoff of scanning inspection systems is between increased line speed that results from decreased spatial sampling (less acquired data to process) and decreased image quality. The previously developed pulse-echo Backscattered Amplitude Integral (BAI) mode imaging technique is used to form ultrasound images using the new scanning geometry. At an ultrasonic frequency of 22.9 MHz, 38- and 50-microm-diameter air-filled channel defects in all-plastic transparent trilaminate are evaluated. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the processed BAI-mode image is used to quantify image quality as a function of spatial sampling. Results show seal defects (38- and 50-microm diameter) are still detectable for undersampled conditions, although image quality degrades as spatial sampling decreases. Further, it is concluded that the raster scanning geometry is feasible for online inspection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozguler
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*