title: Lunar base extension program and closed loop life support systems.
abstract: Much of papers describing the Lunar Base Construction have been already published.  Lunar Base has been considered to be one of the very useful facilities to conduct the excellent scientific program in near future and also to develop the lunar resources such as 3He and oxygen in order to expand the human activities in space.  The scale of lunar base and the construction methods to be adopted should be determined based upon the utilization program to be conducted after the initiation of outpost habitation.  In order to construct lunar base, it needs to transport lunar base elements such as habitat modules, experiment modules and so on having 20-30 tons weight and to install, connect and activate on lunar surface.  The development of transportation system such as OTV enabling to transport over 30 ton payload weight from earth to moon seems to be very difficult in near future, and it seems reasonable to transport three elements per year as described in many papers already published.  Therefore, the initial habitat outpost would not have enough volume to produce foods and has to have ECLS system similar to that of space station already going to be developed.  After 2-3 years from the initiation of habitation, the addition of food production facilities could be started to expand the habitability of lunar base and finally the complete closed loop life support system could be installed after spending 6-7 years.  This paper describes ECLS technologies to be used in the initial habitat outpost and design philosophy of the closed loop technologies to be utilized in the final stage.
authors.affiliation: National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohya
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D008021:Life Support Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008660:Metabolism; D016081:Moon; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D063245:Plant Development; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D018505:Waste Management; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen