title: Nasal administration of cholera toxin (CT) suppresses clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
abstract: Cholera toxin (CT), a major enterotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, elicits mucosal adjuvant activities by inducing antigen-specific CD4+ T cells secreting T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is induced by Th1 cells specific for myelin-derived antigens. We induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 and CT was nasally administered as an immunomodulator on day 7 following MOG challenge. Clinical severity in the CT-treated mice was milder when compared to PBS-treated mice, while the levels of expression of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the central nervous system (CNS) of CT-treated mice were lower than PBS-treated mice. Thus, nasal administration of the mucosal immunomodulator CT ameliorated the severity of EAE, which was associated with the suppression of Th1 cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565 0871, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terawaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiroi
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kweon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006023:Glycoproteins; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C445081:myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55); D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002772:Cholera Toxin