title: Instrument and spacecraft faults associated with nuclear radiation in space.
abstract: A review is given which surveys the variety of faults and failures which have occurred in space due both to the effects of single, energetic nuclear particles, as well as effects due to the accumulated ionizing dose or the fluence of nuclear particles. The review covers a variety of problems with sensors, electronics, instruments and spacecraft from several countries.
authors.affiliation: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Trainor
mesh_terms: D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D003199:Computer Systems; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004868:Equipment Failure; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D019445:Solar Activity; D016082:Solar System; D013020:South America; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation*