title: The use of transvaginal sonography and vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in women on tamoxifen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term administration of tamoxifen causes endometrial changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of transvaginal sonography and vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in the screening of patients on tamoxifen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen 20 mg daily underwent transvaginal sonography and vaginoscopic hysteroscopy, a modified relatively painless approach, at the beginning of the treatment and at a follow-up visit approximately 9 months after its initiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the follow-up visit, the mean uterine dimensions and mean endometrial thickness as measured by ultrasound were significantly larger, and pulsatility and resistance indices of the uterine arteries as measured by Doppler were significantly lower. Sonography revealed abnormal endometrial thickness in 73% (51 of 70) of the patients, and 83% (58 of 70) had hysteroscopical changes. Sonography missed 1 case of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy, an approach that causes reduced pain, can add significantly to the sensitivity of transvaginal sonography for the detection of endometrial changes in patients with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen. It is recommended for every patient prior to the initiation of treatment and at the follow-up visits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital, Greece. paschomi@acropolis.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paschopoulos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontostolis
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Lolis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koliopoulos
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alamanos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paraskevaidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen