title: Renal function before and long after liver transplantation in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal dysfunction occurs in children with liver diseases and renal function is often further impaired after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Inaccurate methods of determining renal function are used in many cases. We studied renal function with accurate methods before and repeatedly after OLT to analyze the effect of the underlying diseases, hypertension, and the immunosuppressive agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 children were studied both before and annually after OLT with clearances of inulin and paraaminohippuric acid to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). The clearance of inulin was also compared with the formula creatinine clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GFR and ERPF decreased from before to after OLT and decreased further during the first years after OLT. Patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and with tumours showed higher GFR 1 year after OLT than those with metabolic and miscellaneous disorders. No significant change in GFR of individual patients occurred from the first to the last values determined at around 1 and 6 years after OLT. No difference in renal function was seen during the first years between patients treated with cyclosporine as compared to those treated with tacrolimus, but 4 years after OLT, the GFR was higher in the tacrolimus-treated patients. Patients on antihypertensive agents had lower GFR than the normotensive ones. There was no agreement between GFR, determined by clearance of inulin, and that calculated on the basis of serum creatinine and the height of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal function is reduced by OLT and decreases further during the first years after OLT. Patients with metabolic disorders and those on antihypertensive treatment have the lowest GFR. Determination of GFR by the formula creatinine clearance is inaccurate in children after liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: U B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ericzon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemeth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007444:Inulin / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012079:Renal Circulation; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D007444:Inulin; D003404:Creatinine; D016559:Tacrolimus