title: Early martian environments:  the Antarctic and other terrestrial analogs.
abstract: The comparability of the early environments of Mars and Earth, and the biological evolution which occurred on early earth, motivates serious consideration of the possibility of an early martian biota.  Environments which could have contained this early martian life and which may presently contain evidence of this former life include aquatic, ice, soil, and rock habitats.  Several analogs of these potential early martian environments, which can provide useful information in searching for extinct life on Mars, are currently available for study on Earth.  These terrestrial analogs include the perennially ice-covered lakes and sandstone rocks in the Polar Deserts of Antarctica, surface of snowfields and glaciers, desert soils, geothermal springs, and deep subsurface environments.
authors.affiliation: Biological Sciences Center, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89506.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mancinelli
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001272:Atmosphere; D003081:Cold Climate; D003889:Desert Climate; D018534:Earth, Planet; D018559:Exobiology / Q000639:trends; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D018535:Mars; D000069497:Origin of Life; D013026:Space Flight / Q000639:trends