title: The reversed and bidirectional elephant trunk technique in the treatment of complex aortic aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The elephant trunk technique with a free-floating vascular prosthesis was originally developed to facilitate a subsequent operation on the downstream aorta. We present here our experience with further developments of this technique, which we call the reversed elephant trunk and bidirectional elephant trunk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2000, 505 adult and adolescent patients underwent operations of the thoracic aorta. A reversed elephant trunk procedure in 13 patients and a bidirectional elephant trunk procedure in 4 patients was performed to facilitate either subsequent proximal or proximal and distal aortic replacement. Nine patients underwent subsequent aortic arch replacement with the reversed prosthetic portion after a mean interval of 8 +/- 5.5 months, and 2 patients received distal extension by use of the distal portion of the free-floating graft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no hospital mortality (30 days) in this small group of patients, and no patient had aortic rupture, malperfusion caused by the technique itself, or thromboembolic complications during the waiting interval between the first and the second operations. Five patients are still being observed until the contiguous aortic size is large enough to require an operation, and one 74-year-old patient declined a second-stage operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reversed and bidirectional elephant trunk techniques are interesting options that may be suitable for patients having complex abnormalities of the thoracic aorta and thoracoabdominal aorta when the proximal portion of the descending aorta has to be replaced before the aortic arch with or without the ascending aorta or the distal descending aorta with or without the thoracoabdominal aorta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland. thierry.carrel@insel.ch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berdat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kipfer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome