title: Squamometry as a screening method for the evaluation of hydrating products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Squamometry is a combination of sampling corneocytes by adhesive coated discs followed by colour measurements after staining the cells. In this study, the correlation between stratum corneum (SC) hydration and scaling was investigated using capacitance measurements and squamometry, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stratum corneum hydration and assessment of barrier function by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements were carried out on different sites of left and right volar forearm skin of female volunteers (n = 13; 24 +/- 3 years). D-Squame samples were taken on the same test spots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual evaluation of the coloured samples by light microscopy and the development of a four-point-scale scoring system was found to be necessary to detect and minimise overestimation of chroma C* values. Capacitance measurements revealed neither significant differences between corresponding sites on left and right forearms no between different skin areas on the same forearm. Squamometric measurements, on the contrary, did not show any symmetry between corresponding test sites on both forearms or between different sites on one forearm. No correlation could be found between squamometric measurements and SC hydration values obtained at the same test sites. No skin barrier function impairment lays at the origin of this observation since TEWL values were found to be similar at all test sites in comparison to control skin. In a randomised single blind study, hydration and TEWL showed a significant improvement of 25% and 15%, respectively, after a 14-day application period of a moisturising cream. Although visual scoring of the coloured samples of both treated and untreated test spots revealed a good correlation with chroma C* values, the quantitative results found with squamometry were very doubtful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Squamometry with visual scoring can be proposed as a screening technique for SC hydration rather than a quantitative method to appreciate skin moisturisation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Free University of Brussels, Belgium. kdepaepe@fafy.vub.ac.be
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Paepe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hachem
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roseeuw
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rogiers
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D004643:Emollients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible
chemical_list: D004643:Emollients