title: High-temperature shock formation of N2 and organics on primordial Titan.
abstract: Titan's atmosphere is composed primarily of N2 with a little methane and other organic molecules.  But theoretical models suggest that the initial form of nitrogen in Titan's atmosphere may have been NH3.  We have investigated the possible importance of strong shocks produced during high-velocity impacts accompanying the late states of accretion as a method for converting NH3 to N2.  To simulate the effects of an impact in Titan's atmosphere we have used the focused beam of a high-power laser, a method that has been shown to simulate shock phenomena.  For mixtures of 10%, 50% and 90% NH3 (balance CH4) we obtained yields of 0.25, 1, and 6 x 10(17) molecules of N2 per joule, respectively.  We also find that the yield of HCN is comparable to that for N2.  In addition, several other hydrocarbons are produced, many with yields in excess of theoretical high-temperature-equilibrium models.  The above yields, when combined with models of the satellite's accretion, result in a total N2 production comparable to that present in Titan's atmosphere and putative ocean.
authors.affiliation: Solar System Exploration Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Scattergood
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Borucki
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Van Ghyseghem
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001272:Atmosphere; D019419:Evolution, Planetary; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006856:Hydrogen Cyanide / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007834:Lasers; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018539:Saturn
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D006856:Hydrogen Cyanide; D000641:Ammonia; D006859:Hydrogen; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane