title: Structural and functional identification of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor VPAC2 from the frog Rana tigrina rugulosa.
abstract: Recently, a frog pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor (fPVR) has been characterized, and interestingly, this receptor exhibits characteristics of both mammalian PACAP type II receptors VPAC(1)R and VPAC(2)R. In order to investigate the receptors responsible for mediating the actions of VIP and PACAP in amphibians, in this report, a frog VPAC(2) receptor (fVPAC(2)R) cDNA was isolated. fVPAC(2)R shares 47.7, 46.9 and 62.5% amino acid sequence identity with fPVR, human VPAC(1)R and human VPAC(2)R respectively. Functionally, fVPAC(2)R, when expressed in CHO cells, was responsive to both frog peptides including VIP, PACAP38 and PACAP27 where the EC(50) values of these peptides in intracellular cAMP production were 0.15, 0.18 and 0.16 microM respectively. The pharmacological profiles of human peptides (VIP, PACAP38 and peptide histidine methionine) to stimulate frog and human VPAC(2)Rs were compared, and it was found that these peptides could only activate the frog receptor at micromolar concentrations. fVPAC(2)R was found to be widely distributed in various peripheral tissues as well as several regions of the brain. The presence of the receptor transcripts suggests the functional roles of the receptor in mediating the actions of PACAP and/or VIP in these tissues. As VIP and particularly PACAP27 are highly conserved peptides in vertebrate evolution, comparative studies of these peptides and their receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates should provide clues to better understand the physiology of these important peptides in human and other vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hoo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anouar
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaudry
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011898:Ranidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495401:ADCYAP1 protein, human; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D000242:Cyclic AMP