title: Parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk behaviors among African American adolescent females.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between parent-adolescent communication about sex-related topics and the sex-related communication and practices of African American adolescent females with partners, as well as their perceived ability to negotiate safer sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A theory-guided survey and structured interview were administered to 522 sexually active African American females 14 to 18 years old. Recruitment sites were neighborhoods with high rates of unemployment, substance abuse, violence, and sexually transmitted diseases. Multivariate analyses, controlling for observed covariates, were used to identify the association of less frequent parent-adolescent communication with multiple assessed outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less frequent parent-adolescent communication (scores below the median) was associated with adolescents' non-use of contraceptives in the past 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.7) and non-use of contraceptives during the last 5 sexual encounters (AOR = 1.6). Less communication increased the odds of never using condoms in the past month (AOR = 1.6), during the last 5 sexual encounters (AOR = 1.7), and at last intercourse (AOR = 1.7). Less communication was also associated with less communication between adolescents and their sex partners (AOR = 3.3) and lower self-efficacy to negotiate safer sex (AOR = 1.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrate the importance of involving parents in human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted disease and pregnancy prevention efforts directed at female adolescents. Pediatricians and other clinicians can play an important role in facilitating parent-adolescent communication about sexual activity.
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DiClemente
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wingood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003142:Communication; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors; D021841:Safe Sex; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*