title: Prime solutions for cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates: antioxidant capacity of prime based on albumin or fresh frozen plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative damage and inflammation are believed to play an important role in postoperative complications after cardiopulmonary bypass. During bypass, a prime solution with a high antioxidant capacity may reduce the oxidative damage and inflammation. We investigated total antioxidant capacity and individual scavengers during the preparation of 2 different prime solutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prime solutions were prepared with either pasteurized human albumin or fresh frozen plasma. The total antioxidant capacity was measured with the total radical antioxidant parameter assay and with the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay. The individual scavengers vitamin C, sulfhydryl groups, uric acid, and total protein were measured before, during, and after the prime preparation. Malondialdehyde was measured as a parameter for lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither prime solution showed a total radical antioxidant parameter value. The ferric-reducing ability of plasma value of prime solutions was lower than that of undiluted human albumin or fresh frozen plasma. Addition of mannitol did not increase the ferric-reducing ability of plasma value. Vitamin C was only found in the fresh frozen plasma prime. Both prime solutions contained sulfhydryl groups and uric acid in low concentrations. During ultrafiltration, low-molecular-weight antioxidants were lost into the ultrafiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that prime solutions based on either albumin or fresh frozen plasma had very low antioxidant capacity and that ultrafiltration of the prime solution further lowers this capacity. A prime solution with a low antioxidant capacity may increase oxidative stress in neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Molicki
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Draaisma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Verbeet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Munneke
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Huysmans
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hazekamp
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009017:Morbidity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D000975:Antioxidants; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D001205:Ascorbic Acid