title: Mycophenolate mofetil treatment of severe renal disease in pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the first clinical experience with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, CellCept) in: children with lupus nephritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven children with various forms of lupus nephritis were treated with oral MMF at a mean dose of 22 mg/kg/day (range 17-42) for a mean of 9.8 months (range 3-17). All children received concomitant prednisone and 7/11 were taking concomitant hydroxychloroquine. Indications for MMF included treatment refractory nephritis despite high dose oral or IV prednisone, azathioprine, and/or cyclophosphamide. Treatment outcome was monitored through assessment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, renal function, and serologic markers such as complement and anti dsDNA antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While renal function normalized in 4/4 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis, little effect was observed in children with proliferative glomerulonephritis. Ten children experienced a marked reduction in SLEDAI score. Anti-dsDNA antibody and serum complement levels improved or remained stable in 80% of the children. Concomitant prednisone was decreased in 6/11 patients (55%) without deterioration of renal function. Adverse events, observed in 8 patients (73%), were not dose dependent, and included infections, leukopenia, nausea, pruritus, headache, and fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMF may represent a valuable alternative to traditional cytotoxic agents for children with class V lupus nephritis, but was less effective in attenuating disease progression in class IV glomerulonephritis. MMF had a steroid sparing effect and appeared to be effective in controlling serologic disease activity in pediatric onset SLE. Adverse events such as infections may limit its use and remain a concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 90027, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buratti
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Szer
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartosh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiff
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone