title: Autologous endothelialized vein allograft: a solution in the search for small-caliber grafts in coronary artery bypass graft operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early graft failure after the use of less satisfactory autologous grafts (30% of all vein grafts) is caused primarily by the following problems: (1) suitable autologous transplants are limited; (2) biotechnology has not yet been able to produce reliable graft substitutes that are legally and ethically approved; and (3) current prosthetic materials are prothrombotic. To overcome these problems, we developed an easily accessible, quality-controlled graft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human autologous venous endothelial cells (HAVECs) were isolated from short segments of peripheral veins unsuitable for bypass grafting. After mechanical deendothelialization of cryopreserved allograft veins (CAVs) and precoating with recipient autologous serum, these homologous cells were seeded by use of a rotating device. Growth of a confluent HAVEC layer within 1 week in a special incubator was observed. After histological and mechanical tests, 12 patients received 15 grafts in total. Bypass operation was followed by clinical and angiographic follow-up. Production period was 22+/-8 days. HAVEC-coated CAVs showed normal connective tissue wall structure and a tight endothelial monolayer (burst pressure >2000 mm Hg). To date, 12 CABG patients lacking suitable autologous graft material have been treated. One patient died of a cause unrelated to the grafts, which were found morphologically normal and patent during autopsy. Of 15 grafts, 2 were occluded at the first angiographic follow-up. The oldest graft has now been in place for approximately 3 years. Immune suppression was not administered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At present, autologous endothelialized CAVs present good alternative small-caliber grafts for patients lacking suitable autologous vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany. Lamm@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juchem
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuffenhauer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D015996:Survival Rate; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000379:methods; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*