title: Effects on ontogenesis of Carausius morosus hit by cosmic heavy ions.
abstract: Among the biological problems that arise in long duration spaceflights, the effects of weightlessness and ionizing radiation appear to be the two main risk factors. Eggs of the stick insect Carausius morosus were exposed to spaceflight conditions during the 12.56 day Biosatellite mission Cosmos 1887. Five different ages were used, representing different sensitivities to radiation and different capacities for regeneration. During spaceflight the eggs continued their development. Already, in the Spacelab D1 mission in 1985, it has been shown that microgravity leads to a reduced hatching rate of eggs exposed during the early steps of development. When the eggs were hit by a heavy ion, a further but not significant reduction of the hatching rate was observed. Hatching was normal for eggs which were exposed on a 1 g reference centrifuge in space. Heavy ion hits caused body anomalies. The combined action of heavy ions and microgravity resulted in an unexpectedly high rate of anomalies. In the experiment on Cosmos 1887 these results were confirmed. Studies on the embryonic development before hatching showed no major difference between flight and ground control specimen, neither in speed of development nor in morphological anomalies. Hatching therefore seems to be the critical point in insect ontogenesis.
authors.affiliation: DLR, Insitute for Aerospace Medicine, Biophysics Division, Koln, FRG.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reitz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bucker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruther
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Graul
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beaujean
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Enge
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mesland
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alpatov
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ushakov
authors.lastname: Zachvatkin YuA
mesh_terms: D000016:Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced; D000818:Animals; D003101:Collodion; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000528:radiation effects; D047108:Embryonic Development; D020450:Heavy Ions; D007313:Insecta / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000528:radiation effects; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D011874:Radiometry; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: C028827:CR 39; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003101:Collodion