title: Development of tissue culture techniques and hardware to study mineralization under microgravity conditions.
abstract: To study the effects of weightlessness on mouse fetal long bone rudiment growth and mineralization we have developed a tissue culture system for the Biorack facility of Spacelab.  The technique uses standard liquid tissue culture medium, supplemented with NA-beta-glycerophosphate, confined in gas permeable polyethylene bags mounted inside ESA Biorack Type I experiment containers.  The containers can be flushed with an air/5% CO2 gas mixture necessary for the physiological bicarbonate buffer used.  Small amounts of fluid can be introduced at the beginning (e.g. radioactive labels for incorporation studies) or at the end of the experiment (fixatives).  A certain form of mechanical stimulation (continuous compression) can be used to counteract the, possibly, adverse effect of microgravity.  Using 16 day old metatarsals the in vitro calcification process under microgravity conditions can be studied for a 4 day period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology, ACTA-VV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Veldhuijzen
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Windgassen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wattel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Vilsteren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014893:Weightlessness