title: Anisotropy of wave velocities in plants: gravitropism.
abstract: New measurements of W-wave velocities in plants suggest that the previously observed velocity of 96 cm/s in plants is not unique but that there are several higher velocities, which appear to be integral multiples of 96 cm/s. The velocities apparently depend on the species, environment, and type of pulse when changed artificially. Measured vertical velocities are larger than horizontal velocities. This may provide a basis for gravitropism and may suggest a cosmic connection. Mean ratios of reciprocals of horizontal and vertical internodal spacings, in simple structure cases, give ratios like 1.25, 1.33, 1.50, 1.66, 3.0, and likely others. These ratios appear to confirm the velocity measurements since ratios of integral multiples of 96 cm/s give the same ratios. The versatility of plant growth is enhanced by the velocity variability.
authors.affiliation: Wagner Research Laboratory, Rogue River, OR 97537, USA.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D032462:Cycadopsida; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018522:Gravitropism / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D012107:Research Design; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014197:Trees / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*