title: Solving problems with group work in problem-based learning: hold on to the philosophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Problem-based learning (PBL) has gained a foothold within many schools in higher education as a response to the problems faced within traditional education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Working with PBL tutorial groups is assumed to have positive effects on student learning. Several studies provide empirical evidence that PBL stimulates cognitive effects and leads to restructuring of knowledge and enhanced intrinsic interest in the subject matter. However, staff members do not always experience the positive effects of group work which they had hoped for. When confronted with problems in group work, such as students who only maintain an appearance of being actively involved and students who let others do the work, teachers all too often implement solutions which can be characterized as teacher- directed rather than student-directed. Teachers tend to choose solutions which are familiar from their own experience during professional training, i.e. using the teacher-directed model. These solutions are not effective in improving group work and the negative experiences persist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is argued that teachers should hold on to the underlying educational philosophy when solving problems arising from group work in PBL, by choosing actions which are consistent with the student-directed view of education in PBL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Development and Research, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dolmans
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Wolfhagen
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van der Vleuten
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wijnen
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D011588:Psychology, Educational / Q000379:methods