title: Plasma and bronchoalveolar fluid concentrations of nitric oxide and localization of nitric oxide synthesis in the lungs of horses with summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and localize nitric oxide synthesis in the lungs of horses with summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease (SPAOPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  7 adult horses with SPAOPD and 6 clinically normal adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Severity of SPAOPD was determined by use of clinical scores, change in intrapleural pressure (APpl) during tidal breathing, cytologic analysis of BALF, and histologic evaluation of lung specimens obtained during necropsy. Nitric oxide concentrations in plasma, BALF and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were determined by use of a chemiluminescent method. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were localized in formalin-fixed lung specimens by use of immunohistochemical staining, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) activity was localized in cryopreserved specimens by use of histochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma concentration of NO in affected horses was slightly but not significantly greater than concentration in nonaffected horses. Nitric oxide concentrations in BALF or ELF did not differ between groups. Immunoreactivity of iNOS in bronchial epithelial cells of 3 of 5 lung lobes was greater in horses with SPAOPD, compared with nonaffected horses. However, staining for NT and NADPHd activity did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of iNOS was greater in bronchial epithelial cells of horses with SPAOPD, compared with nonaffected horses, suggesting that NO may play a role in amplifying the inflammatory process in the airways of horses with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Seahorn
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hosgood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D004848:Epithelium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006736:Horses; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase