title: Patterns and predictors of the breast cancer detection methods in women under 45 years of age (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined methods by which breast cancers are detected, and only one study has been published on predictors of those methods. This study examined patterns and predictors of breast cancer detection methods during 1990-1992 among women age 20-44.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person interview and medical record data were obtained during a population-based case-control study of 1619 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in three areas of the United States (US).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one percent of the cancers were identified by self-detection, 9% by routine clinical breast exam (CBE), and 20% by routine mammography. Cancers detected by mammography and CBE, but not those detected by breast self-exam, were much more likely to be early-stage. Detection by mammography increased with age, and a history of mammography use was associated with detection by mammography or CBE. Several commonly studied predictors of screening utilization in the US population were associated with CBE detection, but were less clearly related to or unrelated to mammography detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that, during the 1990s in the US, most breast cancers among women under age 45, including those age 40-44, were self-detected. Few factors other than age and prior screening are verified predictors of method of breast cancer detection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. rjc5@cdc.gov
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Uhler
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brogan
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gammon
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Flagg
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brinton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012648:Self Care; D016353:Self-Examination