title: Mycobacteria-induced TNF-alpha and IL-10 formation by human macrophages is differentially regulated at the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity.
abstract: The clinical course of mycobacterial infections is linked to the capacity of pathogenic strains to modulate the initial antimycobacterial response of the macrophage. To elucidate some of the mechanisms involved, we studied early signal transduction events leading to cytokine formation by human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in response to clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium. TNF-alpha production induced by M. avium was inhibited by anti-CD14 mAbs, but not by Abs against the macrophage mannose receptor. Analysis of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase) showed a rapid phosphorylation of all three subfamilies in response to M. avium, which was inhibited by anti-CD14 Abs. Using highly specific inhibitors of p38 (SB203580) and MAP kinase kinase-1 (PD98059), we found that activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, but not of p38, was essential for the M. avium-induced TNF-alpha formation. In contrast, IL-10 production was abrogated by the p38 inhibitor, but not by the MAP kinase kinase-1 inhibitor. In conclusion, M. avium-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by human macrophages is differentially regulated at the level of MAP kinase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology and Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. nreiling@fz-borstel.de
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reiling
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Flad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehlers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D011725:Pyridines; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one