title: Enhanced inhibition of HIV-1 replication in macrophages by antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogs delivered in pH-sensitive liposomes.
abstract: An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev response element, a ribozyme complementary to the HIV-1 5'-LTR, and the reverse transcriptase inhibitors 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine (PMEA) and (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-adenine (PMPA) inhibited virus replication in monocyte-derived macrophages more effectively when delivered in pH-sensitive liposomes compared to the free drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of the Pacific, 2155 Webster Street, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Düzgünes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Slepushkin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pretzer
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Antao
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Lima
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015752:Genes, env / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008081:Liposomes; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000068698:Tenofovir; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D013873:Thionucleotides; C053001:adefovir; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine