title: The accumulation of angiostatin-like fragments in human prostate carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiostatin, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and, hence, the growth of tumor cell metastasis, is generated by a proteolytic enzyme from plasminogen. However, its localization and specific enzymes have yet to be ascertained in human tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the generation and the localization of angiostatin in prostate carcinoma, we examined angiostatin generation in a panel of human prostate cancer cell lines and performed immunohistochemistry with the antibodies to angiostatin and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a potent proteolytic enzyme of angiostatin in 55 cases of prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that the lysates of human prostate carcinoma cell lines could generate angiostatin-like fragments from purified human plasminogen but could not generate angiostatin in the absence of exogenous plasminogen. The fragmented proteins were reacted with the monoclonal antibody specific for plasminogen lysine-binding site 1 (LBS-1). Immunohistochemically, the intracytoplasmic immunostaining of LBS-1 was positive in 87.3% (48 of 55) of prostate carcinoma cases, and the immunostaining of miniplasminogen was negative in all cases. There was a significant relationship between the positive immunostaining of LBS-1 and Gleason score (P = 0.0007). The intracytoplasmic immunostaining of PSA was positive in 37.0% (20 of 54) of prostate carcinoma cases, but there was no significant relationship between the expression of PSA and Gleason score, or between the positive immunostaining of LBS-1 and PSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that angiostatin is generated by prostate carcinoma cells and is accumulated within the cytoplasm. In addition, the generation of angiostatin-like fragments was correlated with tumor grade; however, PSA may not be the only enzyme for angiostatin generation in human prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Migita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D043168:Angiostatins; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C044190:miniplasminogen; D043168:Angiostatins; D010958:Plasminogen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen