title: Nausogenic properties of various dynamic and static force environments.
abstract: Motion sickness can occur when an accelerating force acting on the human body repeatedly changes amplitude and direction or both. It also can occur without any motion after transfer into a constant force field significantly different from Earth-gravity. Dynamic and static causes of motion sickness can be distinguished accordingly. Space sickness, too, has dynamic as well as static aspects. Dynamic space sickness might depend on increased bilateral differential sensitivity of the peripheral and central vestibular apparatus, whereas static space sickness may be caused by erroneous compensation of bilaterial asymmetries of the otolith-system in the microgravity environment. Experiments in airplanes, cars and on a vestibular sled have shown that the susceptibility to motion sickness is highest for changes of acceleration in the negative X-axis (as compared to the other axes) of the body. During reciprocating linear accelerations on the vestibular sled, standstill periods of movement and the direction of movement cannot correctly be indicated, because the peripheral vestibular apparatus lacks true motion detectors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Mainz, FRG.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: von Baumgarten
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kass
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000401:Aircraft; D001336:Automobiles; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions; D009039:Motion Perception; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D013026:Space Flight; D018489:Space Motion Sickness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects