title: Orexin depolarizes rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons.
abstract: Orexins, also called hypocretins, are newly discovered hypothalamic peptides that are thought to be involved in various physiological functions. In spite of the fact that orexin receptors, especially orexin receptor 2, are abundant in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the effects of orexins on PVN neurons remain unknown. Using a whole cell patch-clamp recording technique, we investigated the effects of orexin-B on PVN neurons of rat brain slices. Bath application of orexin-B (0.01-1.0 microM) depolarized 80.8% of type 1 (n = 26) and 79.2% of type 2 neurons tested (n = 24) in the PVN in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of orexin-B persisted in the presence of TTX (1 microM), indicating that these depolarizing effects were generated postsynaptically. Addition of Cd(2+) (1 mM) to artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing TTX (1 microM) significantly reduced the depolarizing effect in type 2 neurons. These results suggest that orexin-B has excitatory effects on the PVN neurons mediated via a depolarization of the membrane potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Miyazaki Medical College, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889 - 1692, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunitake
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kannan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068797:Orexins; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D002104:Cadmium; D013779:Tetrodotoxin