title: A glossary of circulating cytokines in chronic heart failure.
abstract: Recent studies have emphasized the importance of biologically active molecules, termed cytokines, in the development and progression of the syndrome of chronic heart failure. This article summarizes a glossary of major cytokines and other cytokine-related inflammatory factors implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure, describing the source of their synthesis and factors regulating their secretion and analyzing their biologic effects on the cardiovascular system.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Zinonos 9, Halandri, 15234, Athens, Greece. elbee@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adamopoulos
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parissis
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kremastinos
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D007378:Interleukins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1