title: Pain relief in major trauma patients: an Israeli perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pain of major trauma patients remains often unrelieved while in the emergency department. Our objective was to examine pain management in several trauma units, and to evaluate the impact of implementation of a trauma pain management protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current status was evaluated from questionnaires filled by trauma unit personnel of nine medical centers. In one, a pain management protocol was introduced. Staff and patients evaluated pain management before and after the protocol was instituted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 80% of staff respondents from various centers were not aware of guidelines for pain management in trauma. The belief that pain assists diagnosis was the main reason (78.6%) for withholding analgesia. Large variability existed on what contraindicates analgesia, with the majority withholding analgesia in abdominal and multiple injuries. When administered, analgesia was delayed, and most commonly intramuscular meperidine was given. After the protocol's implementation, the personnel's awareness of analgesia increased, and consequently it was administered earlier and to more patients, mostly as intravenous morphine. Patients appreciated the timely analgesia (38% after vs. 14% before, p = 0.01), with fewer receiving none. Analgesia was considered beneficial by more patients (70% after vs. 23% before, p < 0.001), and enhanced cooperativity with personnel (p < 0.001). This was reflected in increased overall satisfaction with pain relief during the entire hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of pain management protocols in major trauma was demonstrated by the response of personnel and patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel. zoharyz@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zohar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eitan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stolero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadid
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shemer
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Zveibel
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013997:Time Factors; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000592:standards*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics