title: Diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in adults.
abstract: In adults, GHD is a clinical syndrome that occurs in patients with pituitary or hypothalamic disease. It may be asymptomatic or present with relatively nonspecific constitutional symptoms. Most patients have abnormal body composition, consisting of increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. Life expectancy is significantly decreased in hypopituitary patients with GHD, with cardiovascular disease a common cause of death. Treatment with growth hormone reverses abnormalities in body composition and may reduce cardiovascular risk factors; however, the long-term treatment outcomes regarding mortality, the incidence of cardiovascular disease, bone fractures, tumor development, and recurrence are not known. Longer prospective clinical studies are needed. The major manufacturers of growth hormone have initiated postmarketing surveillance databases to monitor the safety of growth hormone treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stavrou
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kleinberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013006:Growth Hormone