title: Par-4 drives trafficking and activation of Fas and Fasl to induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression.
abstract: Prostate cancer cells are generally resistant to apoptosis by conventional therapy. During a search for molecules that may overcome prostate cancer cell survival mechanisms, we identified the prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) gene. Par-4 induced apoptosis of selective prostate cancer cells PC-3, DU-145, and TSU-Pr and caused tumor regression by inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and cell membrane trafficking of Fas and FasL that leads to the activation of the Fas-Fas-associated death domain-caspase-8 pro-death pathway. Neither Fas pathway activation alone nor inhibition of NF-kappaB activity with IkappaB-super repressor was sufficient to induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Coregulation of these two pathways was essential and sufficient for Par-4 to induce apoptosis. On the other hand, prostate cancer cells LNCaP or normal prostatic epithelial cells that were resistant to apoptosis by Par-4 did not show Fas or FasL trafficking. These findings identify a mechanism of apoptosis by Par-4 and suggest that Par-4 may have therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rangnekar
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor; C101296:prostate apoptosis response-4 protein; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human