title: Procedure for the quantification of rider peaks.
abstract: Rider peaks are small peaks which are not well resolved from a large and asymmetrical neighbour but sit on its trailing side. The usual case is a large, tailed peak which is eluted just in front of the small peak, although the opposite situation can also occur (a small peak in front of a large peak with fronting). The common integration techniques. i.e. separating the peaks by vertical drop or by a tangent and determining area or height, give erroneous results. We propose a method for their quantification with low error. It is necessary to set up a "two-dimensional" calibration by varying both concentrations, i.e. of the large peak and of the rider. This leads to a series of linear equations which describe the rider size, as found by the integrator, as a function of the size of the large peak. The y-axis intercepts i of these equations show a linear relationship with the concentration x of the rider analyte, whereas the slopes s follow a quadratic relationship. These equations can be used to solve the equation y = s(x) x z + i(x) for x (y and z are the integrated peak size of the rider and the large peak, respectively). The procedure was tested with computer-generated peak pairs as well as with HPLC separations of 2,3-dimethylaniline (large tailing peak) and 2,3-dimethylphenol (symmetrical rider peak).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jurt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schär
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; C023650:aniline