title: Inhibition of bone resorption in vitro and prevention of ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo by flurbiprofen nitroxybutylester (HCT1026).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibitors of prostaglandin production, such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and pharmacologic nitric oxide (NO) donors, such as organic nitrates, have been suggested to protect against bone loss in both humans and experimental animals. Recently, a new class of nitrosylated NSAID (known as NO-NSAIDs) has been developed, which combines the properties of a NO donor with those of a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. This study investigated the effects of one of these compounds, flurbiprofen nitroxybutylester (HCT1026), on bone metabolism in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of HCT1026 on osteoclast formation and resorption were determined in vitro using cocultures of primary mouse osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effect of HCT1026 in vivo was assessed using a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced bone loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCT1026 was significantly more efficacious than the parent compound, flurbiprofen, at inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro, and these effects could not be reproduced by combinations of flurbiprofen with a variety of NO donors. Studies in vivo showed that HCT1026 protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption, whereas flurbiprofen at similar concentrations was ineffective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that HCT1026 is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in vitro and protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo by a novel mechanism that appears to be distinct from its NO donor properties and from its inhibitory effects on COX activity. We conclude that HCT1026 may be of clinical value in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, which are characterized by joint inflammation as well as periarticular and systemic bone loss.
authors.affiliation: University of Aberdeen Medical School, UK.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van 't Hof
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Torbergsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Soldato
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ralston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C095631:nitroflurbiprofen; D005480:Flurbiprofen