Hypoxia and oxidative stress in breast cancer. Hypoxia signalling pathways.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF), which is centrally involved in physiological oxygen homeostasis, is also activated in the majority of tumours. Activation of HIF can occur through genetic mechanisms or as a result of hypoxia within the tumour microenvironment. In some cases HIF activation appears to be intimately linked to the proliferative stimulus itself. HIF affects patterns of gene expression and tumour growth, although precise effects vary between tumour types. Modulation of HIF activity, if correctly applied, may be therapeutically beneficial in tumour therapy.
Pugh
C W
CW
Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK. cwpugh@enterprise.molbiol.ox.ac.uk
Gleadle
J
J
Maxwell
P H
PH
D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors