title: Aspirin treatment improves bladder function after outlet obstruction in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether bladder smooth muscle dysfunction after outlet obstruction could be altered by treatment with aspirin. Long-term outlet obstruction causes contractile and metabolic dysfunction of the bladder in vivo and in vitro. The evidence is growing that a decrease in bladder perfusion is an important cause of this phenomenon. The platelet aggregation inhibitor, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), has been used to improve perfusion of the heart for decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male New Zealand white rabbits were obstructed for 4 weeks. Five rabbits received no further treatment (Obs), and 5 rabbits received 2 mg/kg/day aspirin (Obs+aspirin), administered by an osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously 1 week before the surgical obstruction. The bleeding time was measured to confirm the effectiveness of the aspirin treatment. Three different control groups were created: sham-operated rabbits, unobstructed rabbits with pumps containing DMSO (vehicle), and unobstructed rabbits with pumps containing aspirin. The contractile responses of bladder strips to field stimulation, adenosine triphosphate, carbachol, and KCl were determined. A section of each detrusor tissue was fixed in formalin and used to determine the smooth muscle and collagen (connective tissue) volume fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in the bladder weights or responses to stimuli in the different control groups, which were therefore combined. Partial bladder outlet obstruction caused significant increases in the bladder weight of the obstructed animals (Obs+aspirin, 10.15 +/- 0.87 g; Obs, 10.17 +/- 0.88 g; and controls, 2.87 +/- 0.21 g). The aspirin treatment increased the bleeding time from 1.7 +/- 0.3 minutes to 3.3 +/- 0.1 minutes. The responses to field stimulation were significantly reduced in all of the obstructed rabbits. However, the responses of the bladder strips from the Obs rabbits to field stimulation were impaired to a significantly greater degree than were those from the Obs+aspirin rabbits. The response to 32-Hz stimulation was reduced by 86% in the Obs group but by only 64% in the Obs+aspirin group. The responses to carbachol were significantly reduced by 62% in the strips from the Obs rabbits, but the responses of the strips from the Obs+aspirin rabbits were similar to the responses of the strips from the controls. The responses to KCl and adenosine triphosphate were reduced, although they just failed to achieve statistical significance using Bonferroni's analysis. The ratio of smooth muscle and connective tissue shifted slightly toward smooth muscle after 4 weeks of obstruction, but no difference was found with or without aspirin treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose aspirin has a small but significant protective effect on the contractile dysfunction induced by bladder outlet obstruction in rabbits, although the increase in bladder mass was not altered. Bladders of the same weight showed improved responses to all forms of stimulation after pretreatment with aspirin. Already used by millions of patients with heart diseases, aspirin could be a useful protection against contractile dysfunction of the obstructed bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Longhurst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004343:Drug Implants; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D001241:Aspirin