title: Estimating equations for kappa statistics.
abstract: Kappa statistics are often used for measuring agreement or association. The original measure suggested by Cohen for use with nominal data has since been generalized in a number of ways, including the incorporation of weights, adaptation for use with more than one rater and the application to bivariate data. Each modification requires a new approximation to the standard error and these have usually been derived by the delta method. This paper illustrates the use of estimating equations for kappa which offer a unified approach to many previously considered situations and which is also applicable to more complex designs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK. trj@leicester.ac.uk
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods*