title: The enterococcal surface protein, Esp, is involved in Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation.
abstract: The enterococcal surface protein, Esp, is a high-molecular-weight surface protein of unknown function whose frequency is significantly increased among infection-derived Enterococcus faecalis isolates. In this work, a global structural similarity was found between Bap, a biofilm-associated protein of Staphylococcus aureus, and Esp. Analysis of the relationship between the presence of the Esp-encoding gene (esp) and the biofilm formation capacity in E. faecalis demonstrated that the presence of the esp gene is highly associated (P < 0.0001) with the capacity of E. faecalis to form a biofilm on a polystyrene surface, since 93.5% of the E. faecalis esp-positive isolates were capable of forming a biofilm. Moreover, none of the E. faecalis esp-deficient isolates were biofilm producers. Depending on the E. faecalis isolate, insertional mutagenesis of esp caused either a complete loss of the biofilm formation phenotype or no apparent phenotypic defect. Complementation studies revealed that Esp expression in an E. faecalis esp-deficient strain promoted primary attachment and biofilm formation on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride plastic from urine collection bags. Together, these results demonstrate that (i) biofilm formation capacity is widespread among clinical E. faecalis isolates, (ii) the biofilm formation capacity is restricted to the E. faecalis strains harboring esp, and (iii) Esp promotes primary attachment and biofilm formation of E. faecalis on abiotic surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Recursos Naturales and Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toledo-Arana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Arrizubieta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cucarella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamata
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amorena
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leiva
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Penadés
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lasa
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D013499:Surface Properties; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011137:Polystyrenes; C116707:enterococcal surface protein, esp; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride