title: A simplified one-pot synthesis of 9-[(3-[18F]fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine([18F]FHPG) and 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]FHBG) for gene therapy.
abstract: 9-[(3-[18F]Fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]FHPG, 2) has been synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of N(2)-(p-anisyldiphenylmethyl)-9-[[1-(p-anisyldiphenylmethoxy)-3-toluenesulfonyloxy-2-propoxy]methyl]guanine (1) with potassium [18F]fluoride/Kryptofix 2.2.2 followed by deprotection with 1 N HCl and purification with different methods in variable yields. When both the nucleophilic substitution and deprotection were carried out at 90 degrees C and the product was purified by HPLC (method A), the yield of compound 2 was 5-10% and the synthesis time was 90 min from EOB. However, if both the nucleophilic substitution and deprotection were carried out at 120 degrees C and the product was purified by HPLC, the yield of compound 2 decreased to 2%. When compound 2 was synthesized at 90 degrees C and purified by Silica Sep-Pak (method B), the yield increased to 10-15% and the synthesis time was 60 min from EOB. Similarly, 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]FHBG, 4) was synthesized with method A and method B in 9% and 10-15% yield, respectively, in a synthesis time of 90 and 60 min, respectively, from EOB. Compound 2 was relatively unstable in acidic medium at 120 degrees C while compound 4 was stable under the same condition. Both compound 2 and compound 4 had low lipid/water partition coefficient (0.126 +/- 0.022, n=5 and 0.165 +/- 0.023, n=5, respectively). Although it contains non-radioactive ganciclovir ( approximately 5-30 microg) as a chemical by-product, compound 2 synthesized by method B has a similar uptake in 9L glioma cells as that synthesized by method A, and is a potential tracer for imaging herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene expression in tumors using PET. Similarly, compound 4 synthesized by method B contains approximately 10-25 microg of penciclovir as a chemical by-product. Thus, the simplified one pot synthesis (method B) is a useful method for synthesizing both compound 2 and compound 4 in good yield for routine clinical use, and the method is readily amenable for automation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Shiue@rad.upenn.edu
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Shiue
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shiue
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hustinx
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Eck
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alavi
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C104325:9-((3-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl)guanine; C113308:9-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D006147:Guanine; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D015774:Ganciclovir