title: Bladder rupture after blunt trauma: guidelines for diagnostic imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to establish guidelines for diagnostic imaging for bladder rupture in the blunt trauma victim with multiple injuries, in whom the delay caused by unnecessary testing can hamper the trauma surgeon and threaten outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook chart review (1995-1999) of patients with blunt trauma and bladder rupture at our four institutions and performed focused literature review of retrospective series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of our 53 patients identified, all had gross hematuria and 85% had pelvic fracture. Literature review revealed similar rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The classic combination of pelvic fracture and gross hematuria constitutes an absolute indication for immediate cystography in blunt trauma victims. Existing data do not support lower urinary tract imaging in all patients with either pelvic fracture or hematuria alone. Clinical indicators of bladder rupture may be used to identify atypical patients at higher risk. Patients with isolated hematuria and no physical signs of lower urinary tract injury may be spared the morbidity, time, and expense of immediate cystographic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234-6360, USA.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Spore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhayani
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Brandes
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012421:Rupture; D013781:Texas; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries*; D014567:Urography; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications*