title: Coadministration of either cyclosporine or steroids with humanized monoclonal antibodies against CD80 and CD86 successfully prolong allograft survival after life supporting renal transplantation in cynomolgus monkeys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown some efficacy using monotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD80 and CD86 receptors after life-supporting renal transplantation in non-human primates. Our study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of combinations of the same mAbs with either microemulsion cyclosporine (CsA) or steroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unilateral renal transplantation was performed in 16 blood group-matched and MLR-mismatched cynomolgus monkeys that were assigned to four different treatment groups. All monkeys in groups I, II, and IV were treated with the combination of a CD80 (h1F1) and CD86 (h3D1) mAb given at 20 mg/kg each preoperatively, then 5 mg/kg at weekly intervals starting postoperative (po) day 0 until poday 56 (9 doses). In group I the animals (n=4) were treated with mAbs only. In group II (n=4) mAbs were combined with a CsA regimen adjusted daily to maintain target 24 hr trough levels of 150-300 ng/ml CsA for poday 0 to poday 56. In group III (n=4) the animals received CsA monotherapy according to the same regimen as group II. In group IV methylprednisone was administered at 2 mg/kg IV on poday 0-2, then at 0.5 mg/kg/day prednisone per gavage that was and tapered to 0.2 mg/kg/day on which they were maintained until poday 56. All animals were off all immunosuppressive treatment after poday 56 and were then followed until poday 119.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean survival of groups I-IV was 74 (range 9-119 days), 113 (96-119 days), 39 (22-71 days), and 79 days (6 to 119), respectively. All animals in group I showed clinical evidence of acute severe rejection (fever, creatinine increase, anuria) within the first week posttransplant, including those that retained renal function until poday 119. Only one animal in group II had a moderate clinical rejection during the treatment period and three of four animals survived the intended follow-up period. All animals in group III had multiple biopsy proven or severe clinical rejection episodes within the first 21 days and only one animal survived beyond poday 40. Moderate or severe acute rejection was diagnosed in three of four animals of group IV within the first 28 days post transplant and only one animal survived until poday 119.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that combining a calcineurin inhibitor or prednisone with mAbs designed to block costimulatory signals does not antagonize the immunosuppressive efficacy of these mAbs. In addition, combining CsA with mAbs directed against the CD80 and CD86 receptors significantly prolongs graft survival when compared to CsA monotherapy. Therefore clinical trials of humanized mAbs to CD80 and CD86 used in combination with conventional immunosuppression can be considered.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Immunology, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk CVRB, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305-5407, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hausen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klupp
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Christians
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celnicker
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D001682:Biological Availability; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D013256:Steroids; D016572:Cyclosporine