title: Extraction and purification of the zwitterions cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii.
abstract: The hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been isolated from the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (C. raci.). Efforts to study this toxin have been hampered by the time-consuming requirement to extract it from cultures of the organism. It is usually extracted from lyophilized cells collected from a laboratory culture. Our preliminary work suggested far more of the toxin is available in solution in the culture media than in the cells collected. We have therefore investigated the use of commercially available solid phase extraction sorbents to extract CYN from culture media in which C. raci. has been grown. A range of reverse phase and ion-exchange sorbents were tested across a range of pHs for their ability to retain CYN without success. Subsequently, graphitized carbon cartridges were found to retain CYN strongly. Elution with 5% formic acid in methanol allowed the CYN to be regained for final purification by HPLC. Deoxy-CYN, an analog of CYN can also be extracted using this procedure.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, Qld., Australia.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Eaglesham
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Senogles
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chiswell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Seawright
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003470:Culture Media; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; C430287:deoxy-cylindrospermopsin; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil