title: Ethanol- and nicotine-induced membrane changes in embryonic and neonatal chick brains.
abstract: In order to study the effects of EtOH and/or nicotine on brain membrane fatty acid composition, various concentrations of EtOH and/or nicotine were injected into the air sac of chicken eggs at 0 days of incubation. Controls were injected with saline. Experimental groups were injected with either 200 micromol EtOH/kg egg, 100 micromol nicotine/kg egg, 200 micromol nicotine/kg egg, 200 micromol EtOH/kg and 100 micromol nicotine/kg egg, or 200 micromol EtOH/kg and 200 micromol nicotine/kg egg. In all experimental groups, EtOH- and nicotine-induced decreases in brain long-chain polyunsaturated membrane fatty acids were observed in stage 44 embryos, stage 45 embryos, and neonatal chicks. These EtOH- and nicotine-induced decreases in brain membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated with elevated levels of brain lipid hydroperoxides and reduced brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC. 3.1.1.7) activities.
authors.affiliation: Hillsdale College, Biology Department, 33 E College Street, Hillsdale, MI 49242-1205, USA. bob.miller@hillsdale.edu
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Heckel
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koss
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Montague
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Greenman
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000819:agonists; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D008566:Membranes / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007850:Lauric Acids; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D019814:Myristic Acid; C030358:lauric acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D000431:Ethanol; D009538:Nicotine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase