title: Metabolites of the L-arginine-NO pathway in patients with left-to-right shunt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The endogenous production of metabolites of the L-arginine-NO pathway has been found to be altered in patients with left-to-right shunt and pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of age and of the magnitude of the left-to-right shunt on plasma levels of L-arginine, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitrite and nitrate in children and young adults presenting with left-to-right shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with ventricular septal defect (n=18), atrial septal defect (n=6) and atrioventricular canal (n=5) were assigned to group I when the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) was less than 1.5 (n=10) and to group II when Qp/Qs > or = 1.5 (n=19). At cardiac catheterization blood samples were taken from the pulmonary vein or left ventricle. In 33 controls peripheral venous blood was obtained. cGMP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, L-arginine, nitrite and nitrate by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-arginine plasma levels were lower in group II than in controls (51.7 [23.3-82.2] versus 60.5 [32.4-85.9] pmol/l; p < 0.05 by KRUSKAL-WALLIS). Age did not influence the L-arginine plasma levels (p = 0.30). cGMP levels depended on age (p<0.01) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (p <0.01) but not on high pulmonary blood flow (p=0.85; ANOVA). Plasma nitrite and nitrate were not different in both groups and when compared with controls (nitrite: 26.0 [23.5-31.0] micromol/l; nitrate: 26.8 [24.0-32.0] micromol/l).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age and pulmonary artery pressure exert important effects on plasma cGMP. Measurement of nitrite and nitrate in plasma alone may not reflect the endogenous NO production. Future studies should evaluate the role of plasma levels of L-arginine in patients with high pulmonary blood flow undergoing repair of their defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. Matthias_Gorenflo@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorenflo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pöge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bettendorf
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Werle
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fiehn
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ulmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001120:Arginine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood; D004694:Endocardial Cushion Defects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D006152:Cyclic GMP