title: Antepartum depressive symptomatology is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine if depressive symptomatology in pregnancy is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective observational study, 959 women were followed up longitudinally from early pregnancy to postpartum. The level of depression was measured at baseline (first antepartum visit) and in late pregnancy using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes were recorded at delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression in late pregnancy was associated with increased risk of epidural analgesia (33% vs. 19%, p =.01, adjusted RR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.24-5.30), operative deliveries (caesarean sections and instrumental vaginal deliveries) (39% vs. 27%, p =.02, adjusted RR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.15-4.53), and admission to neonatal care unit (24% vs. 19%, p =.03, adjusted RR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.02-4.66). These effects remained significant even when controlled for potential confounders, such as antepartum complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous studies have shown that antepartum anxiety or stress was associated with growth retardation, premature delivery, and epidural analgesia. Our findings add to this body of evidence, which together suggest an adverse impact of antepartum psychological morbidity on maternal and neonatal well-being.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong. tonychung@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005113:Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales