title: Adipic acid increases plasma lysine but does not improve the efficiency of lysine utilization in swine.
abstract: Adipic acid, upon catabolism, results in intermediates that bear a structural similarity to lysine degradation products. The objectives of this research were to determine whether adipic acid affects lysine concentrations in plasma and to evaluate whether adipic acid improves the efficiency of lysine utilization in pigs. In Exp. 1, nursery pigs (n = 14) were fed (for a period of 7 d) either a standard nursery diet or the same diet supplemented with 1% adipic acid to assess effects on plasma amino acid concentrations (plasma collected on d 7). In Exp. 2, nursery pigs (n = 56) were fed (for a period of 15 d) either a control diet or the same diet but deficient in either lysine, threonine, or tryptophan with or without supplemental adipic acid to assess the effects of adipic acid on the efficiency of amino acid utilization. The results from Exp. 1 showed that adipic acid increased plasma lysine (by 18%) but not alpha-amino adipic acid, an intermediate in lysine degradation. Experiment 2 demonstrated that adipic acid did not increase the efficiency of utilization of lysine, threonine, or tryptophan. The lack of effects on alpha-amino adipic acid in Exp. 1 and the lack of a positive effect on the efficiency of utilization of lysine, threonine, and tryptophan suggest that adipic acid does not inhibit the mitochondrial uptake of lysine and(or) its degradation in the mitochondrion. It is concluded that feeding adipic acid increases plasma lysine but does not improve the efficiency of lysine utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA. t_vankempen@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: van Kempen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Heugten
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Trottier
mesh_terms: D000272:Adipates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008239:Lysine / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000272:Adipates; D000596:Amino Acids; C029900:adipic acid; D008239:Lysine