title: Hypoxia and oxidative stress in breast cancer. Hypoxia and tumourigenesis.
abstract: The microenvironmental hypoxia that arises as a consequence of the development of a solid tumour also acts to promote tumour growth. Hypoxia induces the expression of key components of the angiogenic and apoptotic signalling cascades, the glycolytic pathway and various cell-cycle control proteins. At the cellular level it mediates the infiltration and accumulation of tumour-associated macrophages within avascular tumour regions. Complex interactions between tumour cell and macrophage hypoxia-regulated gene products and their associated pathways form the basis for the hypoxic promotion of tumourigenesis and malignant progression.
authors.affiliation: ICRF Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018384:Oxidative Stress