title: The German Environmental Survey 1990/92 (GerES II): primary predictors of blood cadmium levels in adults.
abstract: As part of the representative Environmental Survey in Germany in 1990-1992, investigators determined cadmium levels in blood provided by 3,965 subjects aged 25-69 yr. The investigators considered approximately 150 variables (i.e., demographics, household and occupational characteristics, environmental exposures, smoking habits, frequency of food consumption, and additional life-style features) as potential predictors in multivariate regression analysis. On the basis of the results of multivariate regression analysis, the authors derived 2 slightly different models for the prediction of blood cadmium levels in populations from West and East Germany. Both models included 3 primary predictors of blood cadmium levels. The 2 models explained 51.3% and 61.2% of the observed variance in blood cadmium levels in West and East Germany, respectively. The most important predictor was a specific indicator for smoking habits, which was determined from a separate mathematical model. In this model, the effect of smoking was considered, and the model accounted for the biological half-life of cadmium in blood.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene, Federal Environmental Agency, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood*; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium