title: VCP/p97 in abnormal protein aggregates, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and cell death, phenotypes relevant to neurodegeneration.
abstract: Neuronal cell death, abnormal protein aggregates, and cytoplasmic vacuolization are major pathologies observed in many neurodegenerative disorders such as the polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, prion disease, Alzheimer disease, and the Lewy body diseases, suggesting common mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Here, we have identified VCP/p97, a member of the AAA+ family of ATPase proteins, as a polyQ-interacting protein in vitro and in vivo, and report on its characterization. Endogenous VCP co-localized with expanded polyQ (ex-polyQ) aggregates in cultured cells expressing ex-polyQ, with nuclear inclusions in Huntington disease patient brains, and with Lewy bodies in patient samples. Moreover, the expression of VCP mutants with mutations in the 2nd ATP binding domain created cytoplasmic vacuoles, followed by cell death. Very similar vacuoles were also induced by ex-polyQ expression or proteasome inhibitor treatment. These results suggest that VCP functions not only as a recognition factor for abnormally folded proteins but also as a pathological effector for several neurodegenerative phenotypes. VCP may thus be an ideal molecular target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Department, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakadate
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Popiel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinohara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwamatsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakizuka
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016923:Cell Death; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000074405:Valosin Containing Protein
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C097188:polyglutamine; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000074405:Valosin Containing Protein; C000614180:Vcp protein, rat