title: Histology of intervertebral disc protrusion: an experimental study using an aged rat model.
abstract: METHODS
  In vitro experimental intervertebral disc ruptures of aged rats were examined histologically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the mechanism of intervertebral disc herniations by microscopic investigation of ruptured discs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinically, disc herniations have been classified into two types: extrusion and protrusion. However, the pathogenesis of protrusion type herniations has not yet been demonstrated by any studies. To clarify this issue, it is essential to establish an appropriate model producing disc herniations, and to examine the sequential changes in the structure of herniated discs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lumbar discs of 2-year-old rats were examined histologically and compared with human lumbar discs. To examine structural changes in discs subjected to repetitive motion stress, 400 repetitions of a sequence of flexion (30 degrees ) and axial rotation (6 degrees ) were applied in vitro to the lumbar discs of the animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microstructure of normal lumbar discs in aged rats was similar in many ways to the human lumbar discs in a 20- to 40-year-old adult. Of 10 discs subjected to repetitive stress, 4 were ruptured at the junction between the posterior anulus fibrosus and the sacral cartilage endplate. One had an extruded nucleus pulposus, and three had a protruded anulus fibrosus, which displayed disorganized structure containing widened and flaccid lamellae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study indicate that disc protrusion can be caused by disorganization of the ruptured annular lamellae, not by focal compression of the nucleus pulposus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan. nkuga@anat1.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D018583:Pliability; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012399:Rotation