title: Functions of GI-GPx: lessons from selenium-dependent expression and intracellular localization.
abstract: Gastro intestinal glutathione peroxidase (GI-GPx) is one of the four distinct mammalian selenoperoxidases. It had been reported to be restricted to the gastrointestinal tract but has more recently been identified also in human liver and some tumor cell lines. GI-GPx ranks high in the hierarchy of selenoproteins. The GI-GPx mRNA rather increases than decreases in selenium deficiency. GI-GPx protein responds poorly to selenium deprivation and increases fast upon resupplementation. Putative biological roles of GI-GPx, e.g. protection against food-born hydroperoxides, redox-regulation of proliferation or apoptosis, and modulation of mucosal immunity, are discussed in the light of cellular and subcellular distribution, transcriptional regulation and observations with k.o. mice.
authors.affiliation: German Institute of Human Nutrition, Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany. Flohe@www.dife.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brigelius-Flohé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florian
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmehl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wingler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology; D008322:Mammals; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012643:Selenium / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D051140:Selenoproteins
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D051140:Selenoproteins; C117436:GPX2 protein, human; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D012643:Selenium