title: Dose-escalating conformal thoracic radiation therapy with induction and concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel in unresectable stage IIIA/B nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: a modified phase I/II trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A modified Phase I/II trial was conducted evaluating the incorporation of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy into a strategy of sequential and concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel in Stage III unresectable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The dose of thoracic conformal radiation therapy (TCRT) from 60 to 74 gray (Gy) was increased. Endpoints included response rate, toxicity, and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two patients with unresectable Stage III NSCLC were included. Patients received 2 cycles of induction carboplatin (area under the concentration curve [AUC], 6) and paclitaxel (225 mg/m(2) over 3 hours) every 21 days. On Day 43, concurrent TCRT and weekly (x 6) carboplatin (AUC, 2) and paclitaxel (45 mg/m(2)/3 hours) were initiated. The TCRT dose was escalated from 60 to 74 Gy in 4 cohorts (60, 66, 70, and 74 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate to induction carboplatin/paclitaxel was 40%. Eight patients (13%) progressed on the induction phase. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed during the escalation of the TCRT dose from 60 to 74 Gy. The major toxicity was esophagitis, however, only 8% developed Grade 3/4 esophagitis using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The overall response rate was 52%. Survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were 71%, 52%, 40%, and 36%, respectively, with a median survival of 26 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year progression free survival probabilities were 47%, 35%, and 29%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incorporation of TCRT with sequential and concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel is feasible, and dose escalation of TCRT to 74 Gy is possible with acceptable toxicity. Overall response and survival rates are encouraging. Both locoregional and distant failure remain problematic in this population of patients.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA. socinski@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Socinski
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rosenman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halle
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Limentani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Detterbeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel