title: Degranulation of mast cells provokes a massive inflammatory reaction in the tympanic membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pars flaccida is extremely rich in mast cells. On stimulation the mast cells release preformed and de novo synthesized inflammatory substances. The purpose of this study was to examine how these mast cell substances provoke inflammatory changes in the tympanic membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo, murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a rat model, the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 was applied locally to the tympanic membrane on 4 consecutive days and the ensuing inflammatory changes were evaluated by otological, light, and electron microscopy 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 hours and 4, 6, and 8 days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Degranulation of the mast cells occurred within 3 hours of applying compound 48/80. Release of the mast cell substances coincided with an inflammatory event characterized by a two-stage reaction: an edema stage, peaking 6 hours after application, followed by a massive invasion of inflammatory cells, peaking at 24 and 48 hours. Pars flaccida and pars tensa were both involved, pars flaccida showing the earliest changes. Pars tensa exhibited the same biphasic reaction as pars flaccida, but approximately 6 hours later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mast cells of the pars flaccida have the capacity to elicit an intense inflammation of the tympanic membrane. The biphasic reaction pattern resembles that observed in experimental otitis media, suggesting involvement of the mast cells in this inflammatory condition of the middle ear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000473:pathology*