title: Reference intervals for serum apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E in healthy Japanese determined with a commercial immunoturbidimetric assay and effects of sex, age, smoking, drinking, and Lp(a) level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apolipoproteins, which are contained in lipoprotein particles, play important roles in the transport of lipids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E were determined by immunoturbidimetry in a healthy Japanese study population (1018 men and 1167 women, age 20-69 years) to establish reference intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 2185 subjects examined, the mean serum value for apoA-I was 1.42 +/- 0.20 g/l, for apoA-II was 0.30 +/- 0.05 g/l, for apoB was 0.87 +/- 0.18 g/l, for apoC-II was 29 +/- 13 mg/l, for apoC-III was 75 +/- 20 mg/l, and for apoE was 36 +/- 9 mg/l. A sex difference was detected in the mean serum concentrations of all six apolipoproteins. Alcohol consumption and cigarette use had a slight effect on serum apolipoprotein concentrations. Age effects were observed among women in apoB, apoC-II, and apoC-III concentrations. Moreover, individuals with elevated serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a), >300 mg/l] also displayed increased serum apoB and apoC-II levels and an increased apoB/apoA-I ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reference intervals for apolipoproteins in Japanese adults that we established, using commercially available reagents for automated analyzers, will be helpful for assessing risk of coronary heart disease and pathological conditions of patients with hyperlipidemia. We recommend use of these reference intervals for the clinical interpretation of serum apolipoprotein concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Omiya Medical Center, Jichi Medical School, 1-847, Amanuma-cho, Saitama 330-8503, Omiya, Japan. isakura@omiya.jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakurabayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D017270:Lipoprotein(a)