title: Arsenic trioxide is a potent inhibitor of the interaction of SMRT corepressor with Its transcription factor partners, including the PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha oncoprotein found in human acute promyelocytic leukemia.
abstract: The SMRT corepressor complex participates in transcriptional repression by a diverse array of vertebrate transcription factors. The ability to recruit SMRT appears to play a crucial role in leukemogenesis by the PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) oncoprotein, an aberrant nuclear hormone receptor implicated in human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Arsenite induces clinical remission of APL through a incompletely understood mechanism. We report here that arsenite is a potent inhibitor of the interaction of SMRT with its transcription factor partners, including PML-RARalpha. Arsenite operates, in part, through a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade culminating in phosphorylation of the SMRT protein, dissociation of SMRT from its nuclear receptor partners, and a relocalization of SMRT out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell. Conversely, inhibition of this MAP kinase cascade attenuates the effects of arsenite on APL cells. Our results implicate SMRT as an important biological target for the actions of arsenite in both normal and neoplastic cells.
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Privalsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D056985:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C539130:NCOR2 protein, human; D056985:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2; D010087:Oxides; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide