title: Parents as distraction coaches during i.v. insertion: a randomized study.
abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of a brief Distraction Education intervention for parents prior to their preschool children's medical procedures. Forty-four preschool children with chronic non-life-threatening conditions were having intravenous catheters (IVs) placed for medical tests. Parent-child dyads were randomized into two groups. The experimental group received Distraction Education prior to IV insertion; the control group received standard care. Data were analyzed for two phases of the IV procedure. Phase 1 was the preparation for needle insertion; Phase 2 began with needle insertion. Experimental group parents used significantly more distraction than did control group parents during both phases (P < 0.001). There were no group differences for child behavioral distress or self-report of pain. There was a trend toward a group by phase interaction for behavioral distress (P = 0.07); more experimental group children showed decreased behavioral distress over time (from phase 1 to phase 2) than did control group children (P = 0.02).
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Iowa, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kleiber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Craft-Rosenberg
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Harper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D002666:Psychology, Child