title: Interstitial pneumonia in progressive systemic sclerosis: serial high-resolution CT findings with functional correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to assess the serial high-resolution CT findings and their correlation with the results of pulmonary function tests in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and interstitial pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 40 patients with symptoms or signs of PSS and interstitial pneumonia, who underwent serial high-resolution CT scans (mean follow-up period 39 months). Seventeen patients simultaneously had serial pulmonary function tests (mean follow-up period 40 months). On high-resolution CT, the pattern and extent of parenchymal abnormalities were retrospectively analyzed. Serial changes on high-resolution CT were correlated with the changes of pulmonary function tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On initial CT, areas of ground-glass opacity (mean +/- SD extent 17.7 +/- 12.3% in all patients), irregular linear opacity (4.4 +/- 4.4% in 36 patients), small nodules (3.9 +/- 12.5% in 28), consolidation (1.9 +/- 4.2% in 13), and honeycombing (1.9 +/- 3.8% in 12) were seen. The total disease extent (p = 0.042) and extents of ground-glass opacity (18.9 +/- 15.5%; p = 0.04) and honeycombing (5.0 +/- 7.2%; p = 0.002) increased significantly on follow-up CT. Both forced vital capacity (from 2.4 +/- 0.4 to 2.0 +/- 0.4 L; p = 0.002) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (from 2.0 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.3 L; p = 0.013) decreased significantly on follow-up examination. The increase in the extent of honeycombing on CT correlated significantly with the decrease in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (r = -0.411, p = 0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with PSS and interstitial pneumonia, the overall extent of disease and extents of honeycombing and ground-glass opacity increase significantly on follow-up CT. Increase of honeycombing correlates well with decrease of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johkoh
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikado
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed