title: Degradation of partially oxidized alginate and its potential application for tissue engineering.
abstract: Alginate has been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications including drug delivery and cell transplantation. However, alginate itself has a very slow degradation rate, and its gels degrade in an uncontrollable manner, releasing high molecular weight strands that may have difficulty being cleared from the body. We hypothesized that the periodate oxidation of alginate, which cleaves the carbon-carbon bond of the cis-diol group in the uronate residue and alters the chain conformation, would result in promoting the hydrolysis of alginate in aqueous solutions. Alginate, oxidized to a low extent (approximately 5%), degraded with a rate depending on the pH and temperature of the solution. This polymer was still capable of being ionically cross-linked with calcium ions to form gels, which degraded within 9 days in PBS solution. Finally, the use of these degradable alginate-derived hydrogels greatly improved cartilage-like tissue formation in vivo, as compared to alginate hydrogels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bouhadir
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alsberg
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mooney
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002118:Calcium