title: Laparoscopic bladder flap ureteral reimplantation: survival porcine study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The bladder or Boari flap is a useful technique for ureteroneocystostomy when the distal ureter is too short to reach the bladder without undue tension. We report our experience with laparoscopic Boari flap ureteroneocystostomy in the chronic porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six female farm pigs underwent unilateral laparoscopic Boari bladder flap ureteroneocystostomy. Refluxing direct ureteral reimplantation was performed in the initial 3 animals. In the next 3 animals a submucosal tunnel was formed to achieve nonrefluxing ureteroneocystostomy into the Boari flap. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery. At sacrifice ascending cystography, ipsilateral antegrade pyelography and autopsy examination of the ureteroneocystostomy site was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Average operative time was 140 minutes. Postoperatively serum creatinine and hemoglobin were normal in all pigs. All 3 animals with direct ureteroneocystostomy into the Boari flap had free reflux into the kidney and all 3 with a submucosal tunnel reimplant had no reflux on ascending cystography and free drainage on antegrade pyelography. Autopsy confirmed a patent anastomotic site in all 6 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy using the Boari bladder flap technique is feasible. Our survival porcine model confirms the successful application of the refluxing and nonrefluxing technique of ureteral reimplantation. Clinical application of the technique has the potential to decrease patient morbidity associated with traditional open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Section of Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Urology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fergany
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Samee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaouk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meraney
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D010535:Laparoscopy; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013552:Swine; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*