Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in pediatric renal transplant recipients: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS).
BACKGROUND
The incidence of renal post transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in adults varies from 3-46%.


METHODS
We did a retrospective analysis of 1365 children in The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study with renal transplant (Tx) reported between January 92 and July 1997. PTDM, defined as >2 weeks of insulin therapy after Tx, developed in 36 patients. A control group of 153/1329 non-PTDM patients was selected and matched for age at Tx and primary diagnosis.


RESULTS
African-Americans were overrepresented (36.1 vs. 17.6%, P=0.017) and Hispanics were underrepresented (5.6 vs. 26.1%, P=0.019) among cases. Although prednisone dose 30 days post-Tx was higher among cases (0.89 mg/kg/day) versus controls (0.71 mg/kg/day), P=0.019, cyclosporine dose was similar. No differences in prednisone or cyclosporine doses were observed at 6, 12, or 24 months post-Tx. Tacrolimus use in PTDM group was high (45%). The estimated incidence of first acute rejection at 1, 3, and 12 months was higher among cases, 0.41+/-0.08, 0.52+/-0.08, 0.61+/-0.08, compared to controls, 0.23+/-0.02, 0.37+/-0.02, and 47+/-0.02 (P=0.058). Crude graft failure rates of 13.5% (5/36) and 12.4% (19/153) were similar between the two groups, so was the calculated creatinine clearance at 12 and 24 months and post-Tx hospitalization days.


CONCLUSIONS
PTDM occurs in <3% of children. African-Americans are at higher risk and Hispanics at lower risk for PTDM. Tacrolimus is a significant risk factor for PTDM. Children with PTDM had a higher incidence of acute rejection, but graft survival, kidney function, and hospitalization rates were similar to selected controls.
Al-Uzri
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Department of Pediatrics, University of VIrginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
Stablein
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DM
A  Cohn
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D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus