title: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: an unusual presentation of domestic violence.
abstract: The incidence of "battered woman syndrome" is increasing over the past few years affecting as many as one in every four families. Most of these cases present to the emergency room with mostly head and maxillofacial injuries. We are describing three cases of battered women with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as the only presenting symptom of domestic violence. The different etiologies, work up and treatment strategies are all discussed and reviewed.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaytoun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shreif
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarazi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications; D017579:Domestic Violence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis