title: The impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on frontal cortex development in utero.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with a reduction in the frontal cortex was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women (n = 167) received multiple ultrasonographic assessments. During the assessment, brain structures were visualized and measured, including the distance from the posterior margin of the cavum to the calvarium, the distance from the posterior margin of the thalamus to the calvarium, the transcerebellar diameter, and the biparietal diameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analyses and odds ratios demonstrated that alcohol exposure was associated with a reduction in the frontal cortex, but not other brain structures. Strikingly, the percent of fetuses with a frontal cortex below the 10th percentile increased from 4% for nonexposed fetuses to 23% for heavily exposed fetuses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a relationship between frontal brain size and maternal alcohol consumption, suggesting that ultrasonography may be a sensitive tool for detecting alcohol-induced changes in the fetal brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Colorado, USA. twass@utk.edu
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wass
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Persutte
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hobbins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol