title: Electromyographic activity and applied load during seated quadriceps exercises.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to quantify and compare mean quadriceps muscle activity and applied load for eight seated quadriceps exercises using four types of resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using surface electromyography (EMG), the right rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscles of 52 university students aged 23.5 +/- 3.4 yr (35 female and 17 male subjects) were examined during the exercises. Resistance devices included an ankle weight (78 N), blue Thera-Band tubing, a Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer, and an Inertial Exercise Trainer (IET). Electrogoniometer data were collected to determine the range of motion (ROM), angular velocity, and phase (concentric/eccentric) of exercise. Load cell data were analyzed to determine tubing and IET applied loads during exercise. A within-subjects criterion was used to improve intrasubject EMG reliability. All EMG values were normalized to a 100% maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni comparisons were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within-subject effects of muscle and exercise were significant (P < 0.05) for both the concentric and eccentric muscle activity. The interaction effect of mean average EMG amplitude across exercises for the concentric phases of knee extension was significant (P = 0.001). No significant interactions were found for the eccentric phases of all seated quadriceps exercises. None of the exercises selectively isolated the VMO over the VL; however, the VMO/VL ratio was less (P < 0.05) during the concentric phases of the free weight and elastic tubing exercise when compared with the others. Eccentric phase VMO/VL ratios revealed that inertial resistance elicited greater muscle activity than other forms of resistance exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest clinicians should consider biomechanical and resistance data when developing a strengthening program for the quadriceps muscle. Some seated quadriceps exercises may be more appropriate for certain rehabilitation goals than others.
authors.affiliation: Program in Physical Therapy, Health Science Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA. montana@fflax.net
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kernozek
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fater
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D016552:Ergometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000628:therapy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology