title: Reactive hyperemia and interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic value of peripheral circulatory reactive hyperemia and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in early-onset neonatal sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reactive hyperemia in the dorsal hand and serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were studied in newborn infants (n = 32; gestational age 39 +/- 3 weeks) who had been admitted to the neonatal unit because of suspected sepsis <48 hours after birth. On admission, reactive hyperemia after a standardized arterial occlusion was measured with laser Doppler technique, and blood samples were taken for cytokine analyses. On the basis of predetermined criteria, the infants subsequently were classified as septic (n = 12) or not (n = 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of reactive hyperemia was higher in the group with sepsis (median + 170% perfusion increase) than in that without (+37%). On admission, serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha all were higher in septic (median values: 1620, 331, and 22 pg/mL, respectively) than in nonseptic neonates (median values: 42, 63, and 13 pg/mL, respectively). In the group with sepsis, the degree of reactive hyperemia correlated to log IL-6 (r = 0.80) and log IL-8 values (r = 0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newborn infants with septicemia have increased reactive hyperemia and elevated cytokine levels very early in their disease. Reactive hyperemia in skin can be analyzed at the bedside and noninvasively and therefore may serve as an additional diagnostic tool in neonatal sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Neonatology, Karolinska Hospital, Sweden. helena.martin@kbh.ki.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D005865:Gestational Age; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha