title: Numerical computation of distortions in magnetic fields and induced currents in physiological solutions produced by microscope objectives.
abstract: Identifying distortions produced by commonly employed microscope objectives and their components in uniform DC and 60 Hz AC magnetic fields is important in imaging studies involving exposure of cells to spatially uniform or nonuniform magnetic fields. In this study, DC and 60 Hz AC magnetic flux densities were numerically computed in the presence of finite element models of various components of commonly utilized microscope objectives, as well as a model of a complete objective. Also computed were the distortions in the current density induced by an applied time-varying magnetic field in a physiological buffer contained within a Petri dish. We show that the magnetic flux density could be increased up to 65% in the presence of the nickel-chrome plating of an objective housing and that the presence of ferromagnetic components like a screw or spring could produce peaks that are 7% higher than the undistorted value of magnetic flux density. In addition, a slight tilt of 1% in the objective with respect to the magnetic field could cause a 93% deviation in magnetic flux density from the unperturbed value. These results correlate well with previously published experimental measurements that showed the presence of significant and sometimes asymmetric distortions in both DC and 60 Hz magnetic fields. Moreover, this study further reports that induced current density changed up to 37% compared to values in the absence of the objective. The existence of distortions in applied magnetic fields and induced currents could affect the interpretation of results of cell function studies if it is assumed that the cells are exposed to uniform magnetic flux densities in the presence of a microscope objective. Such assumptions of uniform magnetic flux density could also account for the lack of reproducibility in several studies that examined changes in intracellular calcium by imaging techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA. indira@ee.unr.edu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Craviso
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Publicover
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008280:Magnetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D010539:Permeability; D055672:Static Electricity