title: The impact of corticosteroids on the developing animal.
abstract: Infants are subjected to both endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids in the pre- and postnatal periods. Stress to the mother before birth, or to the child postpartum, can give rise to high, chronic endogenous corticosteroid levels caused by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Physician-administered exogenous corticosteroids are also used in the management of a wide spectrum of pre- and postnatal conditions. The long-term effects of corticosteroids in developing humans are not well known. Studies in animals, however, indicate that both natural stress and exogenous corticosteroids can have long-lasting and deleterious effects on the body, brain, behavior, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of developing infants. These data suggest that exogenous corticosteroids should be administered with caution, after careful benefit/risk analyses, and that, as far as possible, the developing brain should be protected against the effects of pre- and postnatal stress.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Epilepsy Research Program and the Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Burnham
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones