title: AIDS-related alveolar hemorrhage: a prospective study of 273 BAL procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency and diagnostic significance of alveolar hemorrhage (AH) in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-year prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital in Paris, France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-three HIV-infected patients undergoing 273 BAL procedures during the study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  AH was assessed by using the Golde score. Data on the patients treated and observed in our institution were collected, as well as on their survival rate 12 months after undergoing BAL. Risk factors for AH were sought by comparing patients with AH (cases) and those without AH (control subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AH frequently occurred but usually was subclinical and cytologically mild. AH did not alter the 12-month survival rate. AH always was associated with at least one specific AIDS-related pulmonary disorder, and the following four independent risk factors were identified in a stepwise forward logistic regression model: pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (KS; odds ratio [OR], 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 16.7; p = 0.003), cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia (OR, 9.8; 95% CI, 1 to 100; p = 0.05), hydrostatic pulmonary edema (OR, 16.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 142; p = 0.01), and platelet count < 60,000 cells/microL (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.5 to 20; p = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AH is frequently diagnosed during BAL in HIV-infected patients. Its presence may point to an underlying cause, such as pulmonary KS, CMV pneumonia, or hydrostatic pulmonary edema, or to triggering factors such as thrombocytopenia.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie et de Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flahault
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wislez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parrot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayaud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cadranel
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000175:diagnosis; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000175:diagnosis