title: Theophylline inhibits TNF-alpha-induced CD4 expression on human eosinophils and CD4+ eosinophil migration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence regarding asthma suggests that CD4+ cells are preferentially recruited to sites of bronchial inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-16 has been reported as playing an important role in the accumulation of CD4+ cells. We have shown that the CD4 molecule is expressed on normal human eosinophils by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effects of theophylline, KF19514 [a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) IV inhibitor] and dexamethasone on CD4 expression on eosinophils and eosinophil migration in response to IL-16, a natural soluble ligand of the CD4 molecule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum eosinophil migration was observed when eosinophils were cultured with TNF-alpha at 10 ng/ml for 18 h and the concentration of IL-16 was 10 pg/ml. CD4+ eosinophil migration in response to IL-16 was mostly, if not fully, chemokinetic and this migration was significantly inhibited by Fab of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. Theophylline (10(-4)-10(-3) M), KF19514 (10(-7)-10(-6) M) and dexamethasone (10(-8)- 10(-6) M) significantly inhibited CD4 expression on eosinophils induced by TNF-alpha. Theophylline (10(-3) M) and KF19514 (10(-6) M) inhibited CD4+ eosinophil migratory responses induced by IL-16, but 10(-6) M dexamethasone did not. Theophylline and KF19514 augmented the intracellular adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration in eosinophils, suggesting modulation by cAMP of CD4 expression and eosinophil migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that TNF-alpha-induced CD4+ eosinophils may contribute to eosinophil migratory responses induced by IL-16. Theophylline and selective PDE IV inhibitor may prevent airway inflammation by downregulating CD4 expression on eosinophils and inhibiting eosinophil migration through CD4 and IL-16 interaction.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsukadaira
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000494:pharmacology; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D019410:Interleukin-16; C106878:KF 19514; D009287:Naphthyridines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013806:Theophylline