title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) immunoreactivity in the ureter of the duck.
abstract: The presence, distribution and colocalisation of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) immunoreactivity have been studied in the duck ureter by using Western blot analysis, radioimmunoassays (RIA) and immunohistochemistry. The presence of both PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 was demonstrated, PACAP-38 being the predominant form. PACAP-immunoreactive fibres and neurons were found in all the ureteral layers. Double immunostaining showed that PACAP was almost completely colocalised with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Moreover, PACAP was found in substance P (SP)-containing ureteral nerve fibres and in SP-containing dorsal root ganglion neurons. RIA performed on denervated ureters demonstrated that almost half of the ureteral PACAP was extrinsic in origin. These findings suggest that, in birds, PACAP has a role in diverse nerve-mediated ureteral functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Structures, Functions and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy. mirabell@unina.it
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mirabella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Squillacioti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Germano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varricchio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D004372:Ducks; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D014513:Ureter / Q000737:chemistry*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide