title: Dietary intake of folate by adolescents and the potential effect of flour fortification with folic acid.
abstract: The UK Department of Health recently recommended that flour be fortified with folic acid, at 2400 microg/kg. The objectives of the present paper were: to determine the consequence of this on folic acid intake of adolescents; to determine the level of fortification necessary to achieve an intake of 400 microg/d in adolescent girls (the amount recommended periconceptionally); to estimate the consequence of fortification on folic acid intake of high flour consumers; and to report on folate intake of adolescents. Dietary intake of folate and flour were determined by analysis of an existing database of the diets of 379 English adolescents. The folic acid intake that would result from white flour fortification with folic acid at 2400 microg/kg was determined and the level of folic acid fortification necessary to achieve an intake of 400 microg/d in girls from this source was also calculated. Without flour fortification, 6.9 % of girls failed to reach the UK lower reference nutrient intake for total folate. Fortification of white flour with folic acid at 2400 microg/kg would result in an additional folic acid intake of 191(sem 6) microg/d in girls. To ensure 97 % of girls received 400 microg/d from white flour, white flour would need to be fortified at a level of 10 430 microg/kg, resulting in intakes of 1260 microg/d from flour in the highest (97.5 centile) female white flour consumers and 1422 microg/d from flour in the highest (97.5 centile) male white flour consumers.
authors.affiliation: The Dental School, and the Human Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. p.j.moynihan@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Moynihan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rugg-Gunn
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005433:Flour; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid