title: Ultrastructural changes in paravertebral muscles associated with degenerative spondylolisthesis.
abstract: METHODS
  The paravertebral muscle of 30 patients with spondylolisthesis and 30 control patients were investigated histologically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To propose myopathologic paravertebral muscle changes in cases of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The stability of the vertebral column is based on both active and passive systems. The passive system is composed of the vertebrae, the intervertebral discs, and the ligaments. Surrounding muscles and tendons constitute the active system. The autochthonous back muscles take over support functions if the passive system is ineffective. In some cases, muscles are overstrained for a long period, ultimately leading to muscular changes. This study was performed to determine the histopathologic correlates of this permanent strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1998 and July 1999, paravertebral muscle biopsies were performed for 30 patients with monosegmental degenerative spondylolisthesis undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion. The tissue samples were submitted to histologic analysis including immune and enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. In addition, the muscle fibers were submitted to morphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severe pathologic alterations were found. The findings showed that 22 patients (73.3%) had ragged red fibers with evident ultrastructural mitochondrial anomalies. The cristae appeared irregular in 12 patients (40%) Type 1 paracrystalline inclusions were detected in five samples (16.6%) and dense bodies in eight (26.6%). Fibers with ubiquitin-positive inclusions were detected by immunohistochemistry in 13 patients (43.3%). As shown by the electron microscope, these corresponded to granulofilamentous inclusions and polyglucosan bodies. The samples were submitted to genetical analysis because biochemical studies showed reduced activity of the respiratory chain enzymes. Normal mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acids of unchanged length were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from nonspecific myopathic changes such as those observed in rimmed vacuoles and rods, increased numbers of polyglucosan bodies were detected. This increase in polyglucosan bodies currently has not been described in patients with otherwise normal muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany. josef.ramsbacher@dgn.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramsbacher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theallier-Janko
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoltenburg-Didinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D025801:Ubiquitin