title: Zinc induces a Src family kinase-mediated up-regulation of NMDA receptor activity and excitotoxicity.
abstract: Zinc is coreleased with glutamate from excitatory nerve terminals throughout the central nervous system and acutely inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. Here we report that cultured murine cortical neurons briefly exposed to sublethal concentrations of zinc developed increased intracellular free Na(+), phosphorylation of Src kinase at tyrosine 220, and tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor 2A/2B subunits, in a fashion sensitive to the Src family kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, PP2. Functionally, this zinc exposure produced a delayed increase in NMDA receptor current in perforated patch but not conventional whole-cell recordings, as well as an increase in NMDA receptor-mediated cell death. These observations suggest that the effect of synaptically released zinc on neuronal NMDA receptors may be biphasic: acute block, followed by Src family kinase-mediated up-regulation of NMDA receptor activity and cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manzerra
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Canzoniero
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Heidinger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus; D007700:Kinetics; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021122:Protein Subunits; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C120997:NR2A NMDA receptor; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D021122:Protein Subunits; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D014443:Tyrosine; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D012964:Sodium; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D015032:Zinc