title: Enhancement of mast cell survival: a novel function of some secretory phospholipase A(2) isotypes.
abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that certain secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) isotypes act in a cytokine-like fashion through cell surface receptors to influence mast cell survival. Initial experiments revealed that sPLA(2) activity and sPLA(2) receptor expression are increased, and mast cells lost their capacity to maintain membrane asymmetry upon cytokine depletion. Groups IB and III, but not group IIA PLA(2), prevented the loss of membrane asymmetry. Similarly, group IB prevented nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in mast cells. Providing putative products of sPLA(2) hydrolysis to cytokine-depleted mast cells did not influence survival. Furthermore, catalytic inactivation of sPLA(2) did not alter its capacity to prevent apoptosis. Inhibition of protein synthesis using cycloheximide or actinomycin reversed the antiapoptotic effect of sPLA(2). Additionally, both wild-type and catalytically inactive group IB PLA(2) induced IL-3 synthesis in mast cells. However, adding IL-3-neutralizing Ab did not change Annexin V(FITC) binding and only partially inhibited thymidine incorporation in sPLA(2)-supplemented mast cells. In contrast, IL-3-neutralizing Ab inhibited both Annexin V(FITC) binding and thymidine incorporation in mast cells maintained with IL-3. sPLA(2) enhanced phosphoinositide 3'-kinase activity, and a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3'-kinase reversed the antiapoptotic effects of sPLA(2). Likewise, sPLA(2) increased the degradation of I-kappaBalpha, and specific inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa activation (NF-kappaB) reversed the antiapoptotic effects of sPLA(2). Together, these experiments reveal that certain isotypes of sPLA(2) enhance the survival of mast cells in a cytokine-like fashion by activating antiapoptotic signaling pathways independent of IL-3 and probably via sPLA(2) receptors rather than sPLA(2) catalytic products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. afonteh@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Fonteh
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marion
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Barham
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Edens
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Samet
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: High
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chilton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D007377:Interleukin-3; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D054507:Receptors, Phospholipase A2; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D007377:Interleukin-3; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; C516357:Pla2r1 protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D054507:Receptors, Phospholipase A2; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D010741:Phospholipases A