title: Reduced functional expression and molecular synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We demonstrated recently that the prevalence of neuronal (nNOS) over inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase activity at the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the medullary origin of sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor tone, and the associated dominance of sympathoexcitation over sympathoinhibition underlie the maintenance of sympathetic vasomotor outflow by the endogenous NO. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that a significant downregulation of iNOS at the RVLM may play a crucial role in the genesis of augmented sympathetic vasomotor tone during hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats anesthetized with propofol were used. Compared with SHR, the hypotension, bradycardia, or depression in sympathetic vasomotor tone induced by bilateral microinjection of lipopolysaccharide (5 or 10 ng) into the RVLM of WKY rats exhibited significantly shorter-onset latency, appreciably steeper slope, and a greater incidence of mortality. All these effects of lipopolysaccharide (10 ng) were significantly blunted by coadministration of the selective iNOS inhibitor S-methylisothiourea (250 pmol). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses further revealed significantly lower iNOS mRNA and protein levels at the ventrolateral medulla in SHR under basal conditions or on activation by lipopolysaccharide (10 ng). Conversely, nNOS mRNA and protein levels remained constant in the RVLM and were comparable in both strains of rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a significant downregulation in both functional expression and molecular synthesis of iNOS at the RVLM may underlie the augmented sympathetic vasomotor tone during hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007550:Isothiuronium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008845:Microinjections; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015996:Survival Rate; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007550:Isothiuronium; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C027744:S-methylisothiopseudouronium