title: No evidence for latent learning of liking for flavours conditioned by caffeine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability of caffeine to condition liking for flavours depends on the caffeine deprivation status of subjects; however, it is not known if a latent liking for a flavour can be acquired in an undeprived state, which subsequently emerges when consumers are caffeine deprived.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if exposure of undeprived caffeine consumers to a novel drink containing caffeine leads to increased liking for this drink when they are subsequently tested when caffeine-deprived.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind placebo controlled study, four groups of 13 moderate caffeine consumers evaluated a novel flavoured drink on 5 days. The test group consumed this drink with 100 mg caffeine when undeprived on days 1-4, and in a deprived state on day 5. Three control groups had the same conditions on all 5 days, with an undeprived group receiving the caffeinated drink, and two deprived groups receiving the drink with caffeine or placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pleasantness of the drink did not change over the 4 training days in the test group, and did not alter when this group was tested when caffeine-deprived. At no stage did these ratings differ between the test and undeprived control groups. Pleasantness increased significantly over the 5 days in the deprived group who received caffeine, and decreased in the deprived group who received placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that repeated pairing of a novel flavour with the effects of caffeine in subjects who are not caffeine deprived does not lead to an emergent liking for that flavour when subsequently tested caffeine-deprived. However, the pleasantness of the same caffeinated drink increased if it was consumed when caffeine deprived.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. martin@biols.sussex.ac.uk
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yeomans
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ripley
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Durlach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D002110:Caffeine