title: The ketogenic diet: a 3- to 6-year follow-up of 150 children enrolled prospectively.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the long-term outcome of the 83 children with difficult-to-control seizures who were enrolled prospectively in a study of the efficacy of the ketogenic diet and who had remained on the diet for 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 consecutive children were entered prospectively into a study of the ketogenic diet's efficacy and tolerability. Three to 6 years after diet initiation, all 150 families were sent a survey inquiring about their child's current health status, seizure frequency, and current anticonvulsant medications. They were asked about their experience with the diet and reasons for discontinuation. Several telephone attempts were made to contact those who did not respond to the written questionnaire. Responses were entered in an Access database and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1999, 3 to 6 years after initiating the diet, 107 of 150 families responded to a questionnaire. Thirty-five additional families were interviewed by telephone, 4 were lost to follow-up, and 4 children had died, unrelated to the diet. Of the original 150 patient cohort, 20 (13%) were seizure-free and an additional 21 (14%) had a 90% to 99% decrease in their seizures. Twenty-nine were free of medications, and 28 were on only 1 medication; 15 remained on the diet. There were no known cardiac complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three to 6 years after initiation, the ketogenic diet had proven to be effective in the control of difficult-to-control seizures in children. The diet often allows decrease or discontinuation of medication. It is more effective than many of the newer anticonvulsants and is well-tolerated when it is effective.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hemingway
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pillas
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pyzik
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007662:Ketosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007659:Ketones