title: Orthodontic space closure without contralateral extraction through mesial movement of lower molars in patients with aplastic lower second premolars.
abstract: METHODS
  A method is presented that allows unilateral space closure in patients with aplastic lower second premolars. Based on a straight-wire appliance, space closure was achieved with a combination of "push mechanics" using the second molar as an anchorage unit and Class II "pull mechanics", thus avoiding the application of any distalizing force on the lower incisors. The results from 13 consecutively treated subjects (five boys, eight girls, mean age 12 years and 6 months) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete bodily space closure was achieved in all 13 cases within a mean treatment time of 2 years and 7 months. The desired Angle Class III molar relationship of one premolar width (+/- 1/4 premolar width) on the aplastic side was successful in eleven patients, an additional 4.7 mm of space being created for the third molar on the aplastic side compared with the contralateral side (p < or = 0.01). However, adverse effects could be kept to a minimum, with no method-dependent side effects being recorded with regard to canine and molar relationships on the contralateral side, or to overbite, overjet, or upper and lower incisor inclination. The mean lower midline shift of 0.8 mm was in accordance with the mean distal canine relationship of 1/3 premolar width on the aplastic side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that orthodontic space closure in cases of unilateral aplastic lower second premolars can be performed successfully with the presented treatment method without the need for additional premolar extractions, prosthodontic treatment or implants. Furthermore, the prognosis for the lower wisdom tooth on the aplastic side is improved.
authors.affiliation: ZimArte@Ortho.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guitard
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D003765:Models, Dental; D008964:Molar, Third; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000379:methods; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques