title: Embryotoxicity of TPPS4 and PS 3 photosensitizers in chicken embryo under different light conditions.
abstract: Hematoporphyrin derivatives have been recommended for photodynamic therapy of malignant processes. We administered TPPS4, and Photosan 3 (PS 3) in chick embryo in ovo, with or without subsequent blue light (400-550 nm) irradiation. The aim was to analyze and compare the effects of both substances on organogenesis under different light conditions. The embryotoxic effect (embryonic death and malformations) was detected after a single intra-amniotic injection of 5 different doses (0.3 to 300 microg) of TPPS4 or PS 3 at embryonic day 3-5. The beginning of the embryotoxicity range (minimal embryotoxic dose) was determined in non-irradiated embryos to be between 0.3-3.0 microg PS 3 and 3.0-30.0 microg TPPS4. Malformations of surviving embryos were similar after both substances, represented by trunk hyperlordosis combined with incomplete closure of the ventral body wall and protrusion of viscera as consequences of amnion contraction, reduction limb deformities, eye malformations and cleft beak. Ten minutes light irradiation in ovo following two hours after intra-amniotic injection of TPPS4 or PS 3 increased by one order of magnitude their embryotoxic effects. Even dark-ineffective doses became highly embryotoxic. Contraction of the amniotic sac and extraembryonic vessels seemed to be a common mechanism of photosensitizer action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klepácek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jirsa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peterka
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000002:abnormalities; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006415:Hematoporphyrins; D008027:Light; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010789:Phototherapy; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006415:Hematoporphyrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C071875:photosan III; C016136:tetraphenylporphine sulfonate