title: Removal effects of the Nd:YAG laser and Carisolv on carious dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal effect of the Nd:YAG laser irradiation and Carisolv on carious dentin.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many previous studies have reported several simple and alternative techniques, such as lasers and chemicals, for caries removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carisolv was applied on the surface of 20 extracted human anterior and molar teeth for 1 min and then the Nd:YAG laser was irradiated with a continuous water spray for another 1 min. The energy densities were varied from 2 to 6W with a repetition rate of 20 pps. As caries removal progressed, the cavity was carefully assessed by DIAGNOdent. Each lesion was photographed before and after treatment, and the treated cavity was observed microscopically using a stereoscope and with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal change at the time of laser irradiation was measured by thermovision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed that application of Carisolv followed by Nd:YAG laser irradiation at 4-6W pulse energy effectively removed dentin caries. The total procedure was usually repeated once or twice for complete caries removal. From the SEM study, it was found that the cavity surface treated with the laser revealed various patterns of microirregularity, often accompanied by microfissure propagation. There was also no smear layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was revealed that Nd:YAG laser and Carisolv could provide an alternative technique for caries removal instead of the conventional mechanical drilling and cutting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawanaka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D003731:Dental Caries / Q000601:surgery*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D007930:Leucine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008239:Lysine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C119934:Carisolv; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007930:Leucine; D008239:Lysine