title: Lung recruitment at birth does not improve lung function in immature lambs receiving surfactant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In mature animals with surfactant deficiency induced by lung lavage, the therapeutic effect of exogenous surfactant is enhanced by a lung recruitment maneuver. We then tested whether a lung recruitment maneuver at birth immediately before surfactant treatment would improve lung function also in preterm lambs with surfactant deficiency due to immaturity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten newborn lambs with a gestational age of 127 days were randomized to receive surfactant either before the first breath or immediately after a lung recruitment maneuver consisting of five sustained inflations of 8, 16 or 32 ml/kg. Functional residual capacity was measured by sulfur hexafluoride washout, and inspiratory capacity as well as maximal compliance were obtained from a static expiratory pressure-volume curve after the lungs had been inflated to 35 cm H2O. In addition, blood gases were obtained. Measurements were made at 15, 45, 175, 135, 170 and 230 min after birth. Post mortem histological examinations of the lungs were performed in a blinded fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lung recruitment maneuvers did not improve oxygenation. Inspiratory capacity, static compliance and functional residual capacity at 4 h, as well as post mortem intrapulmonary air volume, had an inverse relation to the size of inflations given at birth. There was also a negative correlation between size of inflations at birth and response to surfactant therapy, as assessed by lung microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung recruitment at birth does not improve the response to surfactant in immature lambs, but may instead have an adverse effect on lung function and morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Björklund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ingimarsson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Curstedt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants