title: Subclinical pulmonary involvement assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with early undifferentiated connective tissue disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the presence of neutrophil and lymphocyte fibrosing alveolitis by bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with early undifferentiated connective tissue disease (EUCTD) and systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 13 patients with EUCTD who exhibited signs of lung involvement by non-invasive methods including lung function tests and high resolution computed tomography. The mean age of cases was 48.1 +/- 6.6, and the mean disease duration was 1.8 +/- 0.8 years. Differential cell counts of BAL were evaluated. Eleven patients with systemic sclerosis and 5 healthy control subjects were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of the 13 EUCTD and 10 of the 11 SSc patients showed an elevated total cell number (above the median cell/ml of control + 2 SD) in the BAL fluid. In patients with EUCTD, the lymphocyte count was elevated in 6, and the polymorphonuclear neutrophil count in 2 patients. One of the patients with EUCTD had simultaneously elevated lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocyte counts. In the SSc group, 6 patients had an elevated lymphocyte and 6 an increased neutrophil count. Three of these cases had both increased neutrophil and elevated lymphocyte counts, simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclinical, predominantly lymphocyte alveolitis can be present in patients with EUCTD. Patients with SSc tend to exhibit neutrophil alveolitis.
authors.affiliation: Nephrological Center and 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical Faculty, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumánovics
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zibotics
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komócsi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Czirják
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008947:Mixed Connective Tissue Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology