title: Non-invasive assessment of myocardial risk and infarct area in canine model of myocardial reperfusion by intravenous contrast echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the newly developed perfluoropropene-filled echo-contrast agent (FCT-188) in non-invasive assessment of risk areas (RA) and infarct areas (IA) with intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in canine model of ischemia followed by reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight chest-opened Beagle dogs with a 90-minute ischemia followed by a 240-minute reperfusion were studied. MCE was performed after a bolus injection of FCT-188 (0.025 ml/kg, i.v.) into a superficial vein of the forelimb at baseline, 20 minutes after occlusion, and 4 h after reperfusion to non-invasively assess the left ventricular myocardium area (LVMA), myocardial ischemic risk area (RA), and infarct area (IA) in a short-axis view of left ventricle. The accuracy of detecting myocardial perfusion with intravenous MCE was further assessed by in vitro myocardial staining of the matched cross-sections. Both RA and IA were expressed as percent of LVMA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LVMA, RA, IA, and IA/RA ratio were accurately assessed by MCE (LVMA: 6.60 cm2 +/- 0.76 cm2; RA: 35.7% +/- 6.68%; IA: 21.0% +/- 13.2%; IA/RA: 60.3% +/- 31.4%; n = 7) as compared with those of the matched cross-section (LVMA: 6.81 cm2 +/- 0.73 cm2, P = 0.062; RA: 35.3% +/- 9.9%, P = 0.84; IA: 25.10% +/- 14.5%, P = 0.07; IA/RA: 68.0% +/- 22.2%, P = 0.28, respectively). There was a significant correlation of MCE-assessed IA/RA ratio and its corresponding pathologically determined finding in vitro (Y = 1.21 x -21.6, r = 0.73, P = 0.015). No significant changes of electrocardiogram (ECG), mean artery pressures (MAP), pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), and pulmonary artery wedge pressures (PAWP) were found between pre- and post-intravenous injection of FCT-188 at each time point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These indicate that FCT-188 can be used to assess risk areas and infarct areas accurately and non-invasively with intravenous MCE in the canine model of a 90-minute ischemia followed by a 240-minute reperfusion and might have potential significance for non-invasive assessment of myocardial reperfusion clinically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C042852:perflutren