title: Cellular markers of systemic inflammation and immune suppression in patients with organ failure due to severe acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data are available on cellular markers of systemic inflammation and immune suppression in early acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to describe the cellular immune inflammatory status of patients with acute pancreatitis in relation to development of organ failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study including 89 patients who presented within 72 h of onset of pain. Fifty-eight of them had mild disease (Grade I group), 19 had severe disease with no organ dysfunction (Grade II group) and 12 had severe disease with organ dysfunction (Grade III group). Serial blood samples were collected on admission and following 2 days. Phagocyte surface markers were analysed using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of HLA-DR-positive monocytes, a marker of immune suppression, and CD11b expression level on neutrophils and monocytes, a marker of systemic inflammation, were related to Grades I-III (P for trend <0.001). In Grade III patients, the proportion of HLA-DR-positive monocytes was low on presentation, or decreased rapidly during follow-up, whereas CD11b expression levels were persistently high. L-selectin and monocyte CD14 expression levels were not related to disease severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immune suppression develops early, rapidly and unexpectedly in patients with acute pancreatitis. Monitoring immune inflammatory status may provide the means by which to identify patients who benefit from biological response modifier therapy.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. lennukylanpaa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kylänpää-Bäck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takala
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haapiainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Repo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen