title: GLUT-1 expression in ovarian carcinoma: association with survival and response to chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer cell growth is an energy-related process supported by an increased glucose metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of GLUT-1 with response to chemotherapy and outcome in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histologic sections of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded specimens from 113 primary ovarian carcinomas were stained for GLUT-1 by using polyclonal GLUT-1 antibody (Dako Co., Carpinteria, CA) and the labeled streptavidin biotin procedure. Intensity of GLUT-1 staining was compared with disease free survival (DFS), chemotherapy response, and other clinicopathologic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GLUT-1 cytoplasmic membrane staining was observed in 89 of 104 (85.6%) malignant tumors. Poorly differentiated tumors showed a trend to overexpress the GLUT-1 protein compared with the more differentiated counterparts (27.6% vs. 8.7%; P = 0.08). Patients who experienced a complete clinical response to chemotherapy were more frequently GLUT-1 positive than GLUT-1 negative (80% vs. 51.5%; P = 0.036). In multivariate analysis of advanced stage disease, residual tumor (P = 0.0001) and high GLUT-1 expression levels (P = 0.028) were the only independent variables that maintained a significant association with response to chemotherapy (P = 0.0001; chi-square = 38.13). In the subgroup of Stage III-IV (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics patients showing a complete clinical response, GLUT-1 overexpression was associated with a shorter DFS. The median time to progression was 30 months in GLUT-1 strongly positive cases (> 50% of cancer cells positive) versus 60 months in GLUT-1 weakly positive cases (< or = 50% of cancer cells positive; P = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLUT-1 status is an independent prognostic factor of response to chemotherapy in advanced stage ovarian carcinoma. Moreover, patients overexpressing GLUT-1 show a significantly shorter DFS. These results suggest that the assessment of GLUT-1 status may provide clinically useful prognostic information in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA. guigui@pol.net
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cantuaria
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrandina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadji
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Angioli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penalver
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human