title: Paediatric antibiotic prescribing by general dental practitioners in England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The inappropriate use of antibiotics is known to be a major contributory factor to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. No information is available on how practitioners prescribe antibiotics for children. This study investigated the prescribing of liquid-based antibiotics for children by general dental practitioners in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of National Health Service liquid-based prescriptions issued by general dental practitioners in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  All prescriptions issued by practitioners in 10 Health Authorities in England for February 1999 were collected. All the liquid-based antibiotic prescriptions for children were selected and we investigated the type of antibiotic prescribed, whether sugar free, the dose, frequency and duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18,614 prescriptions were issued for antibiotics. Of the 1609 liquid-based paediatric prescriptions 88.3% were for generic and 11.7% for proprietary antibiotics, of which 75.5% were for amoxicillin, 15.2% for phenoxymethylpenicillin, 6.6% for erythromycin, 1.7% for metronidazole. Cephalexin, ampicillin, cephadrine and combinations of two antibiotics were also prescribed. There was a wide variation in dosages for all the antibiotics prescribed. A significant proportion of practitioners prescribed at frequencies inconsistent with manufacturers' recommendations and for prolonged periods, with some practitioners prescribing for periods up to 10 days. Only 29.1% of all the prescriptions issued were sugar free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that some practitioners prescribe liquid-based antibiotics inappropriately for children. This may contribute to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Clear guidelines on the choice of antibiotic, dose, frequency and duration along with educational initiatives for GDPs might reverse this trend.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pealing
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ireland
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004739:England; D005792:General Practice, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013549:Sweetening Agents
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D013549:Sweetening Agents