title: Association of atypical chest pain presentations by African Americans and the lack of utilization of reperfusion therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One possible factor resulting in delays in using reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the failure to recognize cardiac symptomatology early in certain subgroups of patients. These patients may undergo extensive evaluation for gastrointestinal or musculoskeletal complaints before it is recognized that they are suffering from an AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of patients (52% Black and 48% White; 49% male and 51% female) presenting to an urban teaching hospital with enzyme documented myocardial infarctions were retrospectively examined for traditional elements of atypia in their initial chest pain descriptions to the emergency department (ED). The rate of reperfusion therapy utilization was also determined for this group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients meeting the study criteria (166 total), 43% were found to have atypical elements in the character of their pain description. This high prevalence of atypia also coincided with a low reperfusion intervention rate of 38%. In examining the subgroups, it appears that African Americans and women had the highest rates of atypical pain (56% and 46%, respectively) while also having the lowest utilization rates for reperfusion therapies (31% and 33%, respectively). This compares to rates of 48% for Whites and 60% for White males who had more typical chest pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While no direct correlation can be drawn from the data, it has been suggested that atypical presentations may result in early failure to recognize myocardial infarction and cause delay in or prevent appropriate therapy. It is thought that chest pain should be de-emphasized as a part of the indication criteria for thrombolytics and emergent angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finerty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data