title: Preliminary evaluation of epidural morphine for treatment of heroin withdrawal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of epidural morphine in treating heroin withdrawal in patients who failed to detoxify by the other methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Psychiatry of a general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 ASA physical status I patients, aged 26 to 42 years, not having concurrent diseases requiring medication, and who had previously failed other methods of detoxification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidural catheters were inserted at the L(3)-L(4) interspace. Bolus injections of morphine sulfate, 3.0 mg in normal saline, were administered epidurally at 24-hour intervals. Treatment continued for 10 to 12 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Withdrawal symptoms, such as mydriasis, insomnia, rhinorrhea, arthralgia, muscular pain, tooth pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dysphoria, and drug craving were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Withdrawal symptoms ceased within 10 days. Withdrawal symptoms were diminished or entirely abolished by the treatment, and no patient requested to drop out of the program. Discontinuation of the epidural injections did not cause relapse of withdrawal. All patients reported that withdrawal with epidural morphine was considerably easier compared to other methods that they had previously experienced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A preliminary evaluation of epidural morphine in addicts that failed previous detoxifications showed high effectiveness of this method in reducing withdrawal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Rebecca Zief Government Hospital, Safed, Israel. levl@hotmail.com
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Langerman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abu-Nasra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tverskoy
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kook
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizrukhin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004824:Epidural Space; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine