title: Interactions among the glucocorticoid receptor, lipoprotein lipase and adrenergic receptor genes and abdominal fat in the Québec Family Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether interactions between glucocorticoid receptor (GRL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adrenergic receptor (ADR) gene markers contribute to individual differences in indicators of adiposity and abdominal obesity, including visceral fat level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study; 742 individuals from the phase 2 of the Québec Family Study cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total body fat assessed by hydrodensitometry and the sum of six skinfolds. Abdominal fat areas measured by computed tomography and adjusted for age, sex and total fat mass in all analyses. GRL Bcl I, alpha 2A-ADR Dra I and beta 2-ADR Ban I markers were typed by Southern blot, and other markers by polymerase chain reaction technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is confirmed that the 4.5 kb allele of the GRL BclI polymorphism is associated with a higher amount of abdominal visceral fat (AVF) depot (P for trend<0.001) independent of the level of total body fat. Furthermore, the alpha 2-ADR Dra I variant is associated with lower cross-sectional areas of abdominal total (P=0.003) and subcutaneous (P=0.012) adipose tissue. Gene-gene interactions between GRL and alpha 2-ADR genes affecting overall adiposity (P=0.016) as well as between GRL and beta 2-ADR genes (P=0.049) having influence on total abdominal fat levels were observed. When the three genes were considered together in the same analysis, significant interactions having influence on overall adiposity (P=0.017), abdominal total (P=0.032) and visceral fat (P=0.002) were observed. About 1-2% of the total variation in total fatness and abdominal fat was explained by these gene-gene interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an association between the GRL BclI polymorphism and increased AVF levels independent of the level of total body fat. The alpha 2-ADR DraI variant is associated with a lower cross-sectional area of abdominal total fat. Numerous interactions between GRL and ADR markers on overall adiposity and total abdominal fat as well as between GRL, LPL and ADR genes on overall adiposity, abdominal total and visceral fat suggest that the genetic architecture of body fat content and adipose tissue distribution is complex although some genes, like GRL, may have ubiquitous effects.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808-4124, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérusse
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chagnon
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000886:Anthropometry; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011792:Quebec; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase