title: Circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P-selectin: studies in baboons, human coronary intervention, and human acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet surface P-selectin is considered the "gold standard" marker of platelet activation. Degranulated, P-selectin-positive platelets, however, aggregate with leukocytes in vitro and rapidly lose surface P-selectin in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometric tracking of autologous, biotinylated platelets in baboons enabled us to directly demonstrate for the first time in vivo that (1) infused degranulated platelets very rapidly form circulating aggregates with monocytes and neutrophils, and (2) 30 minutes after infusion of the degranulated platelets, the percentage of circulating monocytes aggregated with infused platelets persist at high levels, whereas the percentage of circulating neutrophils aggregated with infused platelets and the platelet surface P-selectin of nonaggregated infused platelets return to baseline. We therefore performed 2 clinical studies in patients with acute coronary syndromes. First, after percutaneous coronary intervention (n=10), there was an increased number of circulating monocyte-platelet (and to a lesser extent, neutrophil-platelet) aggregates but not P-selectin-positive platelets. Second, of 93 patients presenting to an Emergency Department with chest pain, patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n=9) had more circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates (34.2+/-10.3% [mean+/-SEM]) than patients with no AMI (n=84, 19.3+/-1.4%, P<0.05) and normal control subjects (n=10, 11.5+/-0.8%, P<0.001). Circulating P-selectin-positive platelets, however, were not increased in chest pain patients with or without AMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As demonstrated by 3 independent means (in vivo tracking of activated platelets in baboons, human coronary intervention, and human AMI), circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P-selectin.
authors.affiliation: Center for Platelet Function Studies, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. michelson@platelets.org
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Furman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010215:Papio; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019007:P-Selectin