title: Combined external and endoscopic frontal sinusotomy with stent placement: a retrospective review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the long-term results of combined external and endoscopic frontal sinusotomy using frontal sinus stents and to compare our results with those reported for the endoscopic Lothrop procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of 40 patients with chronic frontal sinusitis refractory to medical management who underwent a total of 62 combined external and endoscopic frontal sinusotomies with stent placement. All procedures were performed by the senior author at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative nasofrontal duct patency and subjective patient improvement based on the last clinical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall patency rate of the nasofrontal duct was 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] of +/-10%.) The overall subjective patient improvement rate was 78% (95% CI of +/-14%.). The average length of stent placement was 5 weeks. The mean patient follow-up time was 12 months. There were no surgical complications. The nasofrontal duct patency rate and patient improvement rate from our study did not differ statistically from results reported by other authors using the endoscopic Lothrop procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, in conjunction with external frontal sinusotomy and placement of frontal sinus stents, to be as effective in obtaining frontal sinus patency rates and overall patient improvement rates as the endoscopic Lothrop procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duncavage
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D015522:Frontal Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome