title: Effects of linear, irrigated-tip radiofrequency ablation in porcine healed anterior infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in healed infarction is modestly successful. More extensive, anatomically based procedures and irrigated RF delivery may improve outcome. However, limited data exist regarding the characteristics of irrigated RF lesions in infarcted myocardium. This study addresses this shortcoming.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear lesions were created at the medial border of a healed anterior infarct in eight pigs using irrigated RF energy guided by sinus rhythm electroanatomic voltage mapping and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). Lesion morphology and effects on ventricular function were assessed with ICE imaging and pathologic analysis (n = 5). The response to programmed stimulation also was determined before and after linear lesions (n = 6). A mean of 9.4 +/- 1.3 RF applications created linear lesions 37.0 +/- 10.6 mm long, 5 to 12 mm wide, and 4 to 8 mm deep. Thrombus formation was not observed. Lesion delivery resulted acutely in increased local wall thickness at the RF site (26.9% +/- 27.5%; P < 0.0001) and transient systolic dysfunction in adjacent normal myocardium (fractional shortening -38% +/- 34%; P < 0.01). Uniform sustained VT (cycle length 232 +/- 41 msec) was induced in 4 of 6 pigs before ablation, but sustained VT could not be induced afterward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrigated RF energy produced relatively large lesions in infarcted myocardium without thrombus formation. Changes in tissue thickness and echo density observed with ICE verify irrigated RF lesion delivery. Temporary left ventricular dysfunction is consistently observed in the normal myocardium adjacent to the linear lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA. callansd@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Callans
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michele
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Marchlinski
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004452:Echocardiography; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left