title: The moving Dynamic Random Dot Stereosize test: development, age norms, and comparison with the Frisby, Randot, and Stereo Smile tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the response of infants and children to the Moving Dynamic Random Dot Stereosize (MDRS) test and to collect cross-sectional age-related data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty visually normal individuals were divided into four age groups: 0.5-<2, 2-<5, 5-<8, and 8-<20 years. Stereopsis was measured with the MDRS test on two occasions, plus the Frisby, Randot, or Stereo Smile tests, as was age appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All children aged >2 years and 80% of the children between ages 6 months and 2 years were able to perform the MDRS test on at least one occasion. Sixty percent of the 6-month to 2-year-old children were able to perform the Stereo Smile test on both occasions. Performance on the MDRS test improved with age up to 9 years. Improvement on the Frisby and Randot tests was seen in children aged up to 7 years. Mean and 95% confidence interval ranges for each test are given.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study gives evidence that aspects of the visual system are not fully mature until age 7-9 years. The MDRS test is a visually demanding but cognitively simple test that shows potential for detecting visual anomalies in young children.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leat
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan-Abadi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faubert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*