title: Aberrant behavioral effects of a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist and agonist in monkeys: evidence of uncharted dopamine D1 receptor actions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basic research indicates a role for dopamine (DA) D1 antagonism in the treatment of schizophrenia. Clinical trials have not confirmed any role. Besides the defining second messenger (adenylyl cyclase [AC]), DA D1 receptors are linked to other effectors (e.g., phospholipase C [PLC]). Differing actions of DA D1 antagonists upon differing effectors could explain conflicting results between the lab/clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a monkey model in which behavioral effects of DA D1 antagonists/agonists have been well characterized we examined: 1) SKF 83959, biochemically, a DA D1 antagonist, behaviorally a DA D1 agonist, and 2) SKF 83822, biochemically, a DA D1 agonist, which, unlike all previously tested DA D1 agonists, does not also stimulate PLC. SKF 83959 and SKF 83822 were given alone and combined with DA D1 and D2 agonists, antagonists, and dextroamphetamine (AMP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SKF 83959 acted as a DA D1 agonist (induced oral dyskinesia given alone, counteracted DA D1 antagonist [NNC 756], induced dystonia, and did not inhibit AMP induced behaviors). SKF 83822, unlike previously studied DA D1 agonists, did not induce dyskinesia, but resulted in a state of extreme arousal and locomotor activation without stereotypy, effectively counteracted by NNC 756, but not by SKF 83959 nor raclopride (DA D2 antagonist).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is hypothesized that: 1) dyskinesia is linked to PLC stimulation; 2) DA D1 agonism can play a role in the induction of psychosis, via a mechanism linked neither to AC nor PLC, and 3) DA D1 antagonists differ in antipsychotic potential, possibly via this unidentified mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Psychiatry, St. Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerlach
mesh_terms: D015647:2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002428:Cebus; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D015647:2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; C080703:SK&F 83959; D004298:Dopamine