title: NO and prostaglandin interactions during hemodynamic stress in the fetal ovine pulmonary circulation.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI(2)) are potent fetal pulmonary vasodilators, but their relative roles and interactions in the regulation of the perinatal pulmonary circulation are poorly understood. We compared the separate and combined effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition during acute hemodynamic stress caused by brief mechanical compression of the ductus arteriosus (DA) in chronically prepared fetal lambs. Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; NOS antagonist), meclofenamate (Mec; COX inhibitor), combined drugs (L-NNA-Mec), or saline (control) was infused into the left pulmonary artery (LPA) before DA compression. In controls, DA compression decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 43% (P < 0.01). L-NNA, but not Mec, treatment completely blocked vasodilation and caused a paradoxical increase in PVR (+31%; P < 0.05). The effects of L-NNA-Mec and L-NNA on PVR were similar. To determine if the vasodilator effect of PGI(2) is partly mediated by NO release, we studied PGI(2)-induced vasodilation before and after NOS inhibition. L-NNA treatment blocked the PGI(2)-induced rise in LPA blood flow by 73% (P < 0.001). We conclude that NO has a greater role than PGs in fetal pulmonary vasoregulation during acute hemodynamic stress and that PGI(2)-induced pulmonary vasodilation is largely mediated by NO release in the fetal lung.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neonatology, Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. parkzenge@qwest.net
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zenge
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rairigh
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Storme
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abman
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004373:Ductus Arteriosus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000196:embryology; D008469:Meclofenamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D019335:Nitroarginine; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008469:Meclofenamic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D006152:Cyclic GMP