title: Orofacial effects of antiretroviral therapies.
abstract: This paper summarises some of the oral adverse effects of antiretroviral agents. Some are related to bone marrow suppression which may also predispose to mouth ulcers. Erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis are especially well recognized in HIV disease, particularly as reactions to sulphonamides and to antiretroviral agents. Oral lichenoid reactions have been described in HIV disease often relating to zidovudine use. Didanosine has also produced erythema multiforme and not unusually induces xerostomia, again by an unknown mechanism. Xerostomia may be seen in up to one-third of patients taking didanosine. Taste abnormalities are common with the protease inhibitors and oral and perioral paraesthesia can be a disturbing adverse effect. Ritonavir in particular can give rise to circumoral paraesthesia in over 25% of patients. Indinavir can also produce cheilitis.
authors.affiliation: International Centres for Excellence in Dentistry, and Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, UK. C.Scully@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diz Dios
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D004892:Erythema Multiforme / Q000139:chemically induced; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000139:chemically induced; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000139:chemically induced; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D013651:Taste Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors