title: [Treatment of phimosis with betamethasone ointment in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the efficacy of betamethasone ointment in the treatment of childhood phimosis and determined the most effective concentration of betamethasone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 1996 and May 2000, 69 patients (median age 3.0, range 0-12) presented to our department with severe phimosis (grade 4, Tsugaya's classification), and were enrolled in this study and treated with betamethasone ointment for 4 weeks. The ointment was applied on the narrowed preputial skin twice a day by parents. During the first week, parents were asked not to retract the foreskin. After this period, parents were encouraged to retract the foreskin gently and without intense tension. The concentration of betamethasone were 0.12%, 0.05% and 0.025%. If the patients become to be able to retract foreskin satisfactory, we consider the state as complete response. If he become to be able to retract to allow partial exposure of the glans, we consider the state as partial response. We compared the efficacy among each of the concentrations, and at 3 months after the end of the treatment, we also assessed the adverse effects and recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate was 85.5%. Success rates with 0.12%, 0.05% and 0.025% ointment were 96.8%, 82.8% and 55.6%, respectively (p = 0.0001). The 0.12% ointment was most effective. Recurrence was observed in 3 patients (4.3%). No adverse effects were observed in any of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with betamethasone ointment is very effective, easy and safe. We recommend betamethasone ointment as the first treatment of choice for childhood phimosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Numata
mesh_terms: D001623:Betamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009824:Ointments; D010688:Phimosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009824:Ointments; D001623:Betamethasone