title: Intrinsic nasal muscles and their electromyographic evaluation after external septorhinoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rhinoplastic surgery is performed for the improvement in the appearance of the nose, but it should not cause any detrimental effect on the intrinsic muscles. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the external rhinoplasty on intrinsic nasal muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients were operated on by external septorhinoplasty. Functions of the nasal muscles were assessed by electromyography in response to voluntary nasal movements in patients before and after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative electromyographic activities of the muscles were significantly less than preoperative measurements for all movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influence of the surgical incisions, alterations of the sites of origin and/or insertion of the muscles, and the postoperative healing process can be incriminated for the decreased muscular activity. Nasal muscle function requires a better appreciation and respect for the achievement of the best aesthetic and functional results. The nasal valve reconstructive procedures should be applied routinely to compensate for this inevitable muscular involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inonu University, Medical Faculty, 44300 Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Miman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009666:Nose; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods