title: Comparison of Endorette and dilatation and curettage for sampling of the endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding.
abstract: MAIN QUESTION: To compare the diagnostic properties of Endorette and D&C in women with postmenopausal bleeding, to relate the properties to endometrial thickness as measured by ultrasound, and to assess the women's experiences of the two methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, 133 consecutive women with postmenopausal bleeding were examined with transvaginal ultrasound. After measuring the endometrial thickness, Endorette sampling was performed without anesthesia. Dilatation and curettage (D&C) was carried out under general anesthesia within six weeks. After completion of each sampling procedure the women filled in a questionnaire regarding their experience of the sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endorette sampling failed in 16% (21/133) of the women. More than half (56%) of the women experienced moderate or strong pain during Endorette sampling, and the doctor underestimated the pain in 62% of the women. Endorette failed to diagnose two of seven (29%) endometrial cancers found at D&C. In one of these two cases, the examiner suspected that the Endorette device had not reached the uterine fundus. In women with endometrium < 7 mm, Endorette and D&C showed similar results with regard to obtaining a sufficient endometrial sample and to distinguishing normal endometrium, benign pathological endometrium and malignancy. In women with endometrium > or =7 mm, Endorette yielded insufficient samples significantly more often than D&C (23% vs 6%, p=0.02; the McNemar test) and missed all polyps and most (77%) hyperplasias diagnosed by D&C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endorette and D&C have similar diagnostic properties in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium < 7 mm. D&C is superior to Endorette in women with endometrium > or =7 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital MAS, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden. elisabeth.epstein@obst.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skoog
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*