title: A novel automated fluorometric assay to evaluate sperm viability and fertility in dairy bulls.
abstract: The artificial insemination (AI) industry is in need of an objective and rapid, but inexpensive method to evaluate frozen thawed bull semen ejaculates. This study presents a new fluorescence method that uses an automatized fluorometer and fluorophore stain propidium iodide that stains only those cells with damaged membranes. The fluorescence of the semen sample and the totally killed subsample were measured simultaneously, and viability was calculated. Every semen batch was analyzed before use in AI. For fertility evaluation, the nonreturn rates (NR%) obtained from 92,120 inseminations with the analyzed batches were recorded from 166 bulls (436 batches). This study confirms a 3.9% better NR% for the Finnish Holstein-Friesian breed than for Finnish Ayrshire. There was a clear seasonality in NR%: it differed (5.3%) significantly, being best in summer to autumn (June to October) and lowest in winter (January to March). The fluorometer method was fast and easy. The correlation between the total number of viable spermatozoa in an insemination dose and field fertility was low but significant (r = 0.051, P = 0.016), suggesting that the plasma membrane integrity evaluation can serve as a cost-beneficial quality control method of frozen-thawed semen at bull stations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland. karoliina.alm@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taponen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahlbom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuunainen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D011419:Propidium / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011419:Propidium