title: Estrogen regulation of human osteoblast function is determined by the stage of differentiation and the estrogen receptor isoform.
abstract: Although osteoblasts have been shown to respond to estrogens and express both isoforms of the estrogen receptor (ER alpha and ER beta), the role each isoform plays in osteoblast cell function and differentiation is unknown. The two ER isoforms are known to differentially regulate estrogen-inducible promoter-reporter gene constructs, but their individual effects on endogenous gene expression in osteoblasts have not been reported. We compared the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E) and tamoxifen (TAM) on gene expression and matrix formation during the differentiation of human osteoblast cell lines stably expressing either ER alpha (hFOB/ER alpha 9) or ER beta (hFOB/ER beta 6). Expression of the appropriate ER isoform in these cells was confirmed by northern and western blotting and the responses to E in the hFOB/ER beta 6 line were abolished by an ER beta-specific inhibitor. The data demonstrate that (1) in both the hFOB/ER cell lines, certain responses to E or TAM (including alkaline phosphatase, IL-6 and IL-11 production) are more pronounced at the late mineralization stage of differentiation compared to earlier stages, (2) E exerted a greater regulation of bone nodule formation and matrix protein/cytokine production in the ER alpha cells than in ER beta cells, and (3) the regulated expression of select genes differed between the ER alpha and ER beta cells. TAM had no effect on nodule formation in either cell line and was a less potent regulator of gene/protein expression than E. Thus, both the ER isoform and the stage of differentiation appear to influence the response of osteoblast cells to E and TAM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rickard
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khosla
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Katzenellenbogen
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Katzenellenbogen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Spelsberg
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D008024:Ligands; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase