title: Cell-derived apolipoprotein E (ApoE) particles inhibit vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human endothelial cells.
abstract: Sub-endothelial infiltration of monocytes occurs early in atherogenesis and is facilitated by cell adhesion molecules that are up-regulated on activated endothelium. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) helps protect against atherosclerosis, in part, because apoE particles secreted by macrophages have local beneficial effects at lesion sites. Here, we hypothesize that such protection includes anti-inflammatory actions and investigate whether cell-derived apoE can inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated up-regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Two models were used to mimic endothelial exposure to macrophage-derived apoE. In the first, HUVECs were transiently transfected to secrete apoE; VCAM-1 induction inversely correlated with secretion of apoE into the media (r = -0.76, p < 0.001). In the second, incubation of HUVECs with media from recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing apoE (CHO(apoE)) also reduced VCAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner (r = -0.70, p < 0.001). Characterization of CHO(apoE) cell-derived apoE revealed several similarities to apoE particles secreted by human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. The suppression of endothelial activation by apoE most likely occurs via stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase; apoE increased levels of intracellular nitric oxide and its surrogate marker, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, while the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, ethyl-isothiourea, blocked its effect. We propose that apoE secreted locally at lesion sites by macrophages may be anti-inflammatory by stimulating endothelium to release NO and suppress VCAM-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Stannard
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sacre
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Tagalakis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Eckardstein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Athanasopoulos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000502:physiology*; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide