title: Multipoint estimation of identity-by-descent probabilities at arbitrary positions among marker loci on general pedigrees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe, implement, and test an efficient algorithm to obtain multipoint identity-by-descent (IBD) probabilities at arbitrary positions among marker loci for general pedigrees. Unlike existing programs, our algorithm can analyze data sets with large numbers of people and markers. The algorithm has been implemented in the SimWalk2 computer package.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a rigorous testing regimen containing five pedigrees of various sizes with realistic marker data, we compared several widely used IBD computation programs: Allegro, Aspex, GeneHunter, MapMaker/Sibs, Mendel, Sage, SimWalk2, and Solar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The testing revealed a few discrepancies, particularly on consanguineous pedigrees, but overall excellent results in the deterministic multipoint packages. SimWalk2 was also found to be in good agreement with the deterministic multipoint programs, usually matching to two decimal places the kinship coefficient that ranges from 0 to 1. However, the packages based on single-point IBD estimation, while consistent with each other, often showed poor results, disagreeing with the multipoint kinship results by as much as 0.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our testing has clearly shown that multipoint IBD estimation is much better than single-point estimation. In addition, our testing has validated our algorithm for estimating IBD probabilities at arbitrary positions on general pedigrees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sengul
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Weeks
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010375:Pedigree; D012984:Software