title: Diagnosis of Alexander disease in a Japanese patient by molecular genetic analysis.
abstract: Alexander disease is a leukodystrophy that is neuropathologically characterized by the presence of numerous Rosenthal fibers in astrocytes. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were identified in patients with Alexander disease. We sequenced the GFAP gene of a Japanese girl who presented with typical symptoms of Alexander disease but in whom the diagnosis was not proven by histopathology. We identified a missense mutation, R239C, which is identical to the mutation previously reported to be most frequent. As was the case in previously described patients, our patient was also heterozygous for the de novo mutation. Interestingly, despite the fact that this is a de novo mutation, R239C was found to be common in different ethnic groups, implying that the site is a "hot spot" for mutagenesis. Molecular genetic analysis now makes the antemortem diagnosis of Alexander disease possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiroma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsujino
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein