title: Family cancer history and susceptibility to oral carcinoma in Puerto Rico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of alcohol and tobacco are the major risk factors for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx in most of the world. A heritable component to oral carcinoma risk also has been suggested, although only limited data are available on familial aggregation of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based case-control study of 342 subjects with carcinomas of the oral cavity and pharynx (oral carcinoma) and 521 controls was conducted in Puerto Rico. The relation between family history of carcinomas of the oral cavity, the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), and other selected sites with risk of oral carcinoma was explored using logistic regression modeling techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of oral carcinoma was elevated for subjects reporting a first-degree relative with carcinoma of the oral cavity (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-8.0) or any UADT carcinoma (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4-4.8). The increased risk associated with family history of UADT carcinoma tended to be greatest for subjects with known risk factors (i.e., heavy consumption of alcohol and/or tobacco and infrequent intake of raw fruits and vegetables) and with oral carcinoma diagnoses at ages younger than 65 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with a heritable component to oral carcinoma, although shared lifestyle risk factors may be partially involved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7244, USA. brownl@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gridley
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Harty
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fraumeni
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking