title: Increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity in rat hearts with pressure-overload hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent reports suggest that activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in response to acute changes in cellular energy status in cardiac and skeletal muscles, results in altered substrate utilization. We hypothesized that chronic alterations in myocardial energetics in hypertrophied hearts (left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH) will lead to elevated AMPK activity, which in turn regulates substrate utilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using (31)P NMR spectroscopy and biochemical assays, we found that in LVH hearts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration decreased by 10%, phosphocreatine concentration decreased by 30%, and total creatine concentration was unchanged. Thus, the ratio of phosphocreatine/creatine decreased to one third of controls, and the ratio of AMP/ATP increased to 5 times above controls. These changes were associated with increased alpha(1) and alpha(2) AMPK activity (3.5- and 4.8-fold above controls, respectively). The increase in AMPK alpha(1) activity was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in alpha(1) expression, whereas alpha(2) expression was decreased by 30% in LVH. The basal rate of 2-deoxyglucose uptake increased by 3-fold in LVH, which was associated with an increased amount of glucose transporters present on the plasma membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate for the first time that chronic changes in myocardial energetics in hypertrophied hearts are accompanied by significant elevations in AMPK activity and isoform-specific alterations in AMPK expression. It also raises the possibility that AMPK signaling plays an important role in regulating substrate utilization in hypertrophied hearts.
authors.affiliation: NMR Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. rtian@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Musi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hirshman
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Goodyear
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011312:Pressure; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose