title: Cardiac gated breath-hold black blood MRI of the coronary artery wall: an in vivo and ex vivo comparison.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the coronary artery wall in vivo has been limited by the cardiac and respiratory motion, flow artifacts as well as the relatively small size of the coronary arteries. We sought to validate in vivo black blood MR imaging of the coronary artery wall using a double inversion recovery fast spin echo MR imaging sequence with limited breath-holding and cardiac gating for suppression of motion artifacts by comparison with ex vivo MR imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yorkshire albino swine (n = 6) were used in this study and coronary lesions were induced with balloon angioplasty. Four weeks after balloon injury of the coronary arteries MR imaging of the coronary artery lesions was performed. High resolution in vivo and ex vivo images of the coronary artery wall and lesions were obtained using a double inversion recovery fast spin echo sequence in a 1.5 T MR system. There was a statistically significant agreement (p < 0.0001) between measurements of vessel wall area (r = 0.87, slope = 0.87) and maximal wall thickness (r = 0.84, slope = 0.88) from in vivo and ex vivo MR images of the coronary arteries. The mean differences between in vivo and ex vivo measurements were 0.56 +/- 1.98 mm2 for vessel wall area and 0.02 +/- 0.36 mm for maximal wall thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using breathholding and cardiac gating, it is possible to perform high resolution MR imaging of the coronary artery wall in vivo with good suppression of motion artifacts with a double inversion recovery fast spin echo black blood imaging sequence.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Worthley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helft
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Badimon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine