[Physical exercise, nutrition and sunshine exposure for the prevention of osteoporosis].
BACKGROUND
Social and economic impact of osteoporosis is growing. Prevention deserves more attention than at present. Since previous reviews on prevention of osteoporosis by the author, many original papers and reviews on the subject have been published. Which interventions are effective?


METHODS
A MEDLINE search was performed using the search terms 'osteoporosis' and 'calcium' or 'vitamin D' or 'ultraviolet' or 'sunshine' or 'nutrition' or 'exercise' or 'hormone'. Additionally, references of recent publications were searched for significant contributions. Relevant publications as assessed by the author were included into the present review.


CONCLUSIONS
Regular high-impact physical exercise, a daily allowance of at least 1000 mg calcium, a sufficient supplementation with vitamin D through UVB-exposure of the skin or oral supplementation, and hormonal replacement therapy in deficiency states are the fundamentals of prevention of osteoporosis.
Falkenbach
A
A
Krankenanstalt Gasteiner Heilstollen, Bad Gastein-Böckstein, und Forschungsinstitut Gastein, Bad Gastein, Osterreich. falke@gasteiner-heilstollen.com
D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D016239:MEDLINE; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013472:Sunlight; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays