title: Changes in regional cerebral blood flow elicited by craving memories in abstinent opiate-dependent subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The brain circuitry of opiate craving was investigated with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve abstinent opiate-dependent subjects listened to audiotaped autobiographical scripts of an episode of craving and a neutral episode while undergoing a PET scan with the tracer [(15)O]H(2)O. Statistical parametric mapping was used to analyze the PET images of rCBF changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of the drug-related and neutral stimulus conditions revealed activation of rCBF in the left medial prefrontal and left anterior cingulate cortices and deactivation in the occipital cortex in response to the drug-related stimulus. A further statistical parametric mapping analysis with a subjective rating of craving as a covariate showed a positive association of between craving and rCBF in the left orbitofrontal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patterns of cerebral activation reflect the different brain regions mediating the salience of opiate-related stimuli and the subjective experience of craving for opiates.
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Daglish
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Malizia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Melichar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Britten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lingford-Hughes
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Myles
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grasby
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013637:Tape Recording; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D014867:Water