title: Decrease in GABA synthesis rate in rat cortex following GABA-transaminase inhibition correlates with the decrease in GAD(67) protein.
abstract: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis in the brain is mediated by two major isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD(65) and GAD(67). The contribution of these isoforms to GABA synthesis flux (V(GAD)) is not known quantitatively. In the present study we compared V(GAD) in cortex of control and vigabatrin-treated rats under alpha-chloralose/70% nitrous oxide anesthesia, with total GAD activity and GAD isoform composition (GAD(65) and GAD(67)) measured by enzymatic assay and quantitative immunoblotting. V(GAD) was determined by re-analysis of 13C NMR data obtained ex vivo and in vivo during infusions of [1-13C]glucose using an extension of a model of glutamate-glutamine cycling that included a discrete GABAergic neuronal compartment with relevant interconnecting fluxes. V(GAD) was significantly lower in vigabatrin-treated rats (0.030-0.05 micromol/min per g, P<0.003) compared to the non-treated control group (0.10-0.15 micromol/min per g). The 67-70% decrease in V(GAD) was associated with a 13% decrease in total GAD activity (P=0.01) and a selective 44+/-15% decrease in GAD(67) protein (from 0.63+/-0.10 to 0.35+/-0.08 microg protein/mg tissue, P<0.05); GAD(65) protein was unchanged. The reduction in GAD(67) protein could account for a maximum of approximately 65% of the decrease in V(GAD) in vigabatrin-treated animals suggesting that inhibition of GAD(65) must have also occurred in these experiments, although product inhibition of GAD(67) by increased GABA could play a role. GAD(67) could account for 56-85% of cortical GABA synthesis flux under basal conditions and the entire flux after vigabatrin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Center for Research in Metabolism and Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. graeme.mason@yale.edu
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Sibson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Behar
mesh_terms: D000612:4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020888:Vigabatrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000612:4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2; D020888:Vigabatrin