title: Voided urine cytology of papillary renal cell carcinoma and renal calculus: report of a case with emphasis on the importance of cytologic screening in high-risk individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative diagnosis of cases of renal calculus complicated with papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by image analysis is usually difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50-year-old man who had a past history of renal calculus suffered from macrohematuria and abdominal pain for one month was admitted to our hospital. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a 4-cm tumor shadow in the right kidney; it was hypovascular in arteriography. Papillary cell clusters with abundant cytoplasm were found by the cytologic examination of voided urine. Their nuclei were oval and situated eccentrically in the cytoplasm. The nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was increased. Fine, granular chromatin was distributed evenly, and the nuclear membrane was thin and nearly smooth. Several small nucleoli were evident. All these findings were indicative of a diagnosis of papillary RCC. Histology of nephrectomy specimens confirmed the diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Voided urine cytology can be useful for screening and follow-up of patients with papillary RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sakai Municipal Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshida
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aozasa
mesh_terms: D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000652:urine; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk