title: Colour Doppler analysis of peri-implantation utero-ovarian haemodynamics in women with excessively high oestradiol concentrations after ovarian stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gonadotrophins are used in many assisted reproduction units to achieve a better success rate by increasing the number of replaced embryos. However, high oestradiol concentrations are associated with altered physiological functions and its complications. We investigated whether high oestradiol concentrations (> or =20 000 pmol/l) after ovarian stimulation in infertile women would affect the uterine haemodynamics at the time of embryo transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colour Doppler indices of utero-ovarian arteries and endometrial colour signals were measured. Fifty-eight women undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF were classified according to serum oestradiol concentrations on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection into moderate responders (oestradiol <20 000 pmol/l; n = 39) and high responders (oestradiol > or =20 000 pmol/l; n = 19).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemodynamic parameters were significantly lower in high responders; the uterine arterial pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were (median; range) 1.87 (0.84-2.82) and 0.79 (0.57-0.90) respectively; ovarian artery PI was 0.57 (0.40-1.12) and RI was 0.43 (0.33-0.64). In moderate responders the uterine PI and RI were 2.63 (1.46-5.92) and 0.88 (0.77-1.10) respectively. Ovarian PI was 0.81 (0.32-3.72) and RI was 0.55 (0.23-0.97). The number of women showing endometrial colour signals was significantly lower in high responders (63%) than in moderate responders (92%) (P < 0.05). A further increase in oestradiol (> or =25 000 pmol/l; n = 8) showed significantly (P = 0.03) fewer endometrial colour signals [1.5 (0-8)] compared with moderate responders [4 (0-14)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite low uterine PI and RI, the endometrial blood flow in high responders appears to be impaired. This may contribute to the decline in implantation efficiency noted in high responders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Basir
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: O
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol