title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-coupled gene network organization.
abstract: An early gene cDNA microarray was developed to study genes that are regulated immediately following gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor activation. 956 selected candidate genes were printed in triplicate, a t statistic-based regulation algorithm was used for data analysis, and the response to GnRH in a time course from 1 to 6 h was determined. Measurements were highly reproducible within arrays, between arrays, and between experiments. Accuracy and algorithm reliability were established by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays of 60 genes. Gene changes ranging from 1.3- to 31-fold on the microarray were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Many of the genes were found to be highly regulated. The regulated genes identified were all elevated at 1 h of treatment and returned nearly or completely to baseline levels of expression by 3 h of treatment. This broad, robust, and transient transcriptional response to constant GnRH exposure includes modulators of signal transduction (e.g. Rgs2 and IkappaB), cytoskeletal proteins (e.g. gamma-actin), and transcription factors (e.g. c-Fos, Egr1, and LRG21). The interplay of the activators, repressors, and feedback inhibitors identified embodies a combinatorial code to direct the activity of specific downstream secondary genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wurmbach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ebersole
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sealfon
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011485:Protein Binding; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; C103002:Atf3 protein, mouse; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D011966:Receptors, LHRH; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012313:RNA