title: Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of cosalane analogues incorporating two dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore fragments.
abstract: A new series of cosalane analogues incorporating two fragments of the dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore has been synthesized. In order to identify the position for the attachment of the pharmacophore fragments to the steroid ring that results in the most potent analogues, two types of compounds were designed. In the first type, the two pharmacophore fragments were attached at C-3 and C-17 of the steroid ring by using appropriate linker units. In the second type, both pharmacophore groups were connected to C-3 of the steroid through an alkenyl chain containing an amide moiety. All of the new compounds displayed antiviral activity versus HIV-1(RF), HIV-1(IIIB), and HIV-2(ROD) in cell culture. The relative potencies of the compounds resulting from the two attachment strategies were found to depend on the viral strain as well as the cell type. Overall, the attachment of the second pharmacophore did not result in either a large gain or a large loss in anti-HIV activity, and the results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that the two pharmacophores act independently, and one at a time, with positively charged amino acid side chains present on the surface of gp120 and CD4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casimiro-Garcia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pannecouque
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witvrouw
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turpin
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Buckheit
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fanwick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015195:Drug Design; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D012459:Salicylates; C083060:cosalane; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid