title: Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recommendations for exercise training and physical activity for older adults include cardiovascular and resistance training components (CVT and RT, respectively). The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the fitness benefits of concurrent CVT and RT with those attained through an equivalent duration of CVT or RT alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six participants (ages 60-84) were assigned to a control group or to one of three exercise treatment groups. The treatment groups exercised three times per week for 12 wk using RT (N = 11), CVT (N = 10), or CVT and RT (BOTH, N = 9). Pre- and post-training, participants performed a submaximal exercise test (GXT), five repetition-maximum strength tests (5RM), and the AAHPERD functional fitness test for older adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All exercise treatment groups revealed lower resting heart rate and rate-pressure product; lower exercise diastolic blood pressure and rating of perceived exertion; increased GXT duration; increased leg, back, and shoulder 5RM scores; and improved AAHPERD flexibility, coordination, and cardiovascular endurance scores. The exercise treatment groups responded differently on the following: RT and BOTH enhanced arm and chest strength more than CVT; and BOTH enhanced AAHPERD strength and agility scores more than CVT or RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurrent CVT and RT is as effective in eliciting improvements in cardiovascular fitness and 5RM performance as CVT or RT, respectively. Moreover, incorporating both CVT and RT in exercise programs for older adults may be more effective in optimizing aspects of functional fitness than programs that involve only one component.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. rwood@lsu.edu
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Welsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Favaloro-Sabatier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabatier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matthew Lee
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000502:physiology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D018583:Pliability; D014891:Weight Lifting