title: Fear of blushing: effects of task concentration training versus exposure in vivo on fear and physiology.
abstract: Patients with fear of blushing as the predominant complaint (N = 31) were randomly assigned to (1) exposure in vivo (EXP), or (2) task concentration training (TCT), in order to test the effect of redirecting attention above exposure only. In addition, it was investigated whether treatment reduced actual blush behavior; therefore, physiological parameters of blushing were measured during two behavioral tests. Half of the patients served as waiting-list controls first. Assessments were held before and after treatment, at 6-weeks, and at 1-year follow-up. Both treatments appeared to be effective in reducing fear of blushing and realizing cognitive change. Yet, at posttest, TCT tended to produce better results with respect to fear of blushing. At 6-weeks follow-up, TCT produced significantly more cognitive change. At 1-year follow-up, patients further improved, while differential effects had disappeared. The reduction in fear of blushing was not paralleled by a reduction in actual blush behavior during the behavioral assessments. Thus, it seems that fear of blushing reflects a fearful preoccupation, irrespective of actual facial coloration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. s.mulkens@psychology.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mulken
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bögels
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Louwers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D001821:Blushing / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010991:Plethysmography; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012718:Set, Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome