title: Impact of demographic and medical factors on satisfaction with life after spinal cord injury: a normative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was (1) to examine demographic and medical predictors of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) to provide a normative table for the SWLS that includes appropriate adjustments for the most important predictors of life satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined predictors of the SWLS including age, education, sex, race, injury duration, number of rehospitalizations, marital status, employment status, SCI etiology, and level of neurological impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals in the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center database [from 18 SCI model systems (1995-1999)] undergoing follow-up assessment were included for study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Satisfaction With Life Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analyses indicated that marital and employment status, race, sex, education, and injury duration were significant factors associated with scores on the SWLS. In general, individuals who were female, white, married, and currently employed and had a higher education and longer injury duration reported significantly higher scores on the SWLS (P < .01). Effect-size estimates for these factors ranged from 0.16 to 0.41. Regression analyses showed that education, employment status, and injury duration were the strongest unique predictors of satisfaction with life but accounted for only 10% of the variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SWLS is a global measure of life satisfaction and is relatively unrelated to demographic and medical characteristics. Normative tables are provided for epidemiologic comparison.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dowler
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Putzke
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tate
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D012803:Sick Role; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation