title: Comparative expression of the mitotic regulators SAK and PLK in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disruption of normal mechanisms for cell cycle regulation is important in carcinogenesis. SAK and PLK are members of the polo family of serine threonine kinases, which in lower organisms have been shown to be required for the precise regulation of mitosis. Studies of human polo family members have focused on PLK, which has been found to be overexpressed in several tumor types, with the degree of overexpression correlating with adverse clinical outcome. However, PLK expression had not previously been analyzed in colorectal cancer. SAK, a polo family member with unique properties, had not been systematically studied in any tumor type.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, SAK expression was evaluated in a series of sporadic human colorectal cancer specimens (n = 74) and compared with that of PLK. Expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the majority of cases, both SAK and PLK were more highly expressed in tumor tissue than in adjacent normal intestinal mucosa. Levels of SAK and PLK expression in tumor relative to paired normal mucosa correlated directly with patient age and with each other but did not correlate with tumor stage. These results suggest a mechanism for augmented disruption of mitotic regulation in older patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polo family mitotic regulators SAK and PLK are both aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer. The potential prognostic significance of SAK and PLK expression in colorectal cancer will be evaluated in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Macmillan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Swallow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008938:Mitosis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1; C490219:PLK4 protein, human