title: Prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in isolates from soil collected from two horse farms in South Africa and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of virulence plasmids in the isolates from infected foals, a dog and a monkey.
abstract: The prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in soil isolates from two horse farms in South Africa and nine clinical isolates from six foals, a foal foetus, a dog, and a monkey was investigated. The isolates were tested for the presence of virulence plasmid DNA and 15- to 17-kDa antigens by immunoblotting. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from almost all of the soil samples obtained from the two farms with 5.0 x 10(1) to 3.3 x 10(4) colony forming units per gram of soil. Virulent R. equi was isolated from three soil samples from one of the farms and appeared in 3.8% (three of 80 isolates), but not in any of the 182 isolates from the other farm. Of the three virulent R. equi isolates, one contained an 85-kb type I plasmid and two an 87-kb type I plasmid. Of nine clinical isolates from the foals, foal foetus, dog and monkey, five from the foals were virulent R. equi which expressed the virulence-associated antigens and contained a virulence plasmid 85-kb type I, and were all isolated from cases of pneumonia typical of that induced by R. equi in young foals living in widely separated areas in South Africa. The isolates from the other four foals, the dog and the monkey were avirulent R. equi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan. takai@vmas.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Henton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukushi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006736:Horses; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000662:veterinary; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010957:Plasmids; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015995:Prevalence; D016929:Rhodococcus equi / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial