title: Insertion-deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is associated with obstetric cholestasis but not with preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to investigate the contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion-deletion polymorphism in the development of obstetric complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective case-control study, angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion-deletion polymorphism was investigated in a control group of healthy women (n = 115) and in a group of women diagnosed with preeclampsia (n = 133) and obstetric cholestasis (n = 57). Polymerase chain reaction detection of insertion-deletion polymorphism was used to determine the presence of the two angiotensin-converting enzyme alleles in the groups; the frequencies in the general population in our area are presented for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the D allele was 43.9% among women with obstetric cholestasis and 27% among healthy fertile women, which is close to the rate in the general population in our area (28%). The odds ratio for obstetric cholestasis associated with the DD genotype was 2.12 (95% CI, 1.08-4.12) compared with the pooled II and ID genotypes (P = .03). Neither the ID genotype distributions nor the allele frequencies differed significantly between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies (P = .36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data indicate that the DD genotype is a genetic marker associated with an elevated risk of obstetric cholestasis, but this polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is unlikely to play any significant role in preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Heiskanen
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pirskanen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mannermaa
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Punnonen
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Heinonen
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000235:genetics*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A