title: Effects of dietary fat and L-carnitine on plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations and cardiac function in healthy dogs fed protein-restricted diets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate plasma taurine concentrations (PTC), whole blood taurine concentrations (WBTC), and echocardiographic findings in dogs fed 1 of 3 protein-restricted diets that varied in fat and L-carnitine content.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 healthy Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline PTC and WBTC were determined, and echocardiography was performed in all dogs consuming a maintenance diet. Dogs were then fed 1 of 3 protein-restricted diets for 48 months: a low-fat (LF) diet, a high-fat and L-carnitine supplemented (HF + C) diet, or a high-fat (HF) diet. All diets contained methionine and cystine concentrations at or above recommended Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) minimum requirements. Echocardiographic findings, PTC, and WBTC were evaluated every 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PTC and WBTC were not significantly different among the 3 groups after 12 months. All groups had significant decreases in WBTC from baseline concentrations, and the HF group also had a significant decrease in PTC. One dog with PT and WBT deficiency developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Taurine supplementation resulted in significant improvement in cardiac function. Another dog with decreased WBTC developed changes compatible with early DCM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results revealed that dogs fed protein-restricted diets can develop decreased taurine concentrations; therefore, protein-restricted diets should be supplemented with taurine. Dietary methionine and cystine concentrations at or above AAFCO recommended minimum requirements did not prevent decreased taurine concentrations. The possibility exists that AAFCO recommended minimum requirements are not adequate for dogs consuming protein-restricted diets. Our results also revealed that, similar to cats, dogs can develop DCM secondary to taurine deficiency, and taurine supplementation can result in substantial improvement in cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ogburn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D002331:Carnitine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013654:Taurine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D013654:Taurine; D002331:Carnitine