Realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in lower dimensions.
Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms have been prepared in optical and magnetic traps in which the energy-level spacing in one or two dimensions exceeds the interaction energy between atoms, realizing condensates of lower dimensionality. The crossover into two-dimensional and one-dimensional condensates was observed by a change in aspect ratio and by the release energy converging to a nonzero value when the number of trapped atoms was reduced.
Görlitz
A
A
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Vogels
J M
JM
Leanhardt
A E
AE
Raman
C
C
Gustavson
T L
TL
Abo-Shaeer
J R
JR
Chikkatur
A P
AP
Gupta
S
S
Inouye
S
S
Rosenband
T
T
Ketterle
W
W