title: Phase I and pharmacological study of a new camptothecin derivative, exatecan mesylate (DX-8951f), infused over 30 minutes every three weeks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A Phase I study of exatecan, a new water-soluble camptothecin derivative, was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose and a recommended dose, according to an internationally standardized core protocol. Pharmacological profiles of lactone and total (lactone + carboxylate) exatecan were also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with 3, 5, and 6.65 mg/m(2) of exatecan infused over 30 min every 3 weeks. Concentrations of lactone, total drug, and a metabolite in plasma and urine were determined during the first course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-limiting neutropenia and liver dysfunction were observed in two of six patients at 6.65 mg/m(2), but no grade 3 or worse diarrhea was observed. Emesis was moderate, and no grade 3 or worse nausea and vomiting were observed at a recommended dose of 5 mg/m(2), with prophylactic use of granisetron. Pharmacokinetics were linear and had moderate variability; clearances of lactone and total drug were 6.8 +/- 2.8 and 2.1 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SD) l/h/m(2), respectively. The ratio of lactone concentration to total drug concentration in plasma decreased from 0.81 +/- 0.06 at the end of infusion to 0.15 +/- 0.06 10 h after the infusion. The lactone:total ratio of drug exposure was 0.30 +/- 0.08, ranging from 0.16 to 0.43. Neutropenia was related to the drug exposure of both lactone and total drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommended dose of exatecan infused over 30 min every 3 weeks is 5 mg/m(2), with a favorable toxicity profile of mild and infrequent diarrhea. Interpatient variability of pharmacokinetics was similar to or smaller than that with other camptothecin derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan. hminami@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamanoi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002166:Camptothecin