title: Clinical potential of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors.
abstract: On the basis of their reduced potential to cause injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors were developed and marketed as a safer alternative to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This manuscript reviews the major steps leading to the introduction of COX-2-selective inhibitors into clinical practice, from the identification of the COX isoenzymes to their various roles in physiological and pathological processes. The available data show that COX-2 inhibitors have a favourable safety profile and are at least as effective as traditional NSAIDs for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions with a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal complications. Emerging evidence points to new and unanticipated effects from these agents. COX-2 inhibition appears to play an important role in the modulation of intestinal polyposis and colorectal carcinogenesis. Additionally, COX-2 expression may be associated with inflammatory responses leading to the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and potentially, COX-2 inhibitors could be used to retard the progression of this condition. However, by decreasing prostacyclin production, COX-2 inhibitors may lead to increased prothrombotic activity and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Until further large-scale prospective studies are performed, and the magnitude of these potential risks is quantified, COX-2 inhibitors should be used with caution in patients at risk for cardiovascular morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oviedo
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors