title: Dynamic lateral patellar tilt in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. A magnetic resonance imaging analysis.
abstract: An open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging scanner was used to document patellar tracking abnormalities in 11 anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees. The contralateral normal knees were used as controls. Images were obtained with the quadriceps muscles at rest (knee flexion at 40 degrees, 25 degrees, and 10 degrees) and with the quadriceps muscles contracted (knee flexion at 40 degrees and 25 degrees). When the quadriceps muscles were at rest there were no differences in patellar alignment between the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees and the contralateral normal knees. When the quadriceps muscles were maximally contracted at 40 degrees of flexion, the patellae of the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees tilted laterally 3.6 degrees relative to the resting state. When the quadriceps muscles were contracted at 25 degrees of flexion, the patellae of the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees tilted laterally approximately 4 degrees relative to the resting state. Quadriceps-active lateral patellar tilt at 25 degrees of flexion was greater in the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees than in the contralateral normal knees, and it correlated with instrumented measurements of anterior tibial translation. Dynamic lateral patellar tilt during open kinetic chain exercises and during other activities that produce anterior tibial translation may contribute to extensor mechanism dysfunction in the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee.
authors.affiliation: New England Baptist Hospital Sports Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Winalski
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haymen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D010329:Patella / Q000503:physiopathology*