title: The effects of several supplementation frequencies on forage use and the performance of beef cattle consuming dormant tallgrass prairie forage.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to quantify the impact on forage use and performance of varying supplementation frequency of cattle consuming forage diets across a range of frequencies. In both experiments, a common supplement was used that contained a relatively high concentration of CP (43%) and was fed at the following frequencies: 1) 2 d/wk; 2) 3 d/wk; 3) 5 d/wk; and 4) 7 d/wk. In Exp. 1, 120 Hereford x Angus cows (BW = 537 kg) grazing winter tallgrass-prairie range were supplemented at the various frequencies from December 7 until calving (average calving date = 3/7/99). All treatments provided the same quantity of supplement on a weekly basis (12.74 kg, as-fed) but divided the amount delivered on a given day equally among the number of supplementation events for that treatment. Less BW was lost from December 7 through calving (linear effect, P = 0.02) as frequency of supplementation increased, but the magnitude of difference in weight change was relatively small. Body condition responded similarly through early February (linear effect, P = 0.02), although treatment effects were not as distinct at calving (cubic effect, P = 0.11). In Exp. 2, 16 ruminally fistulated Hereford x Angus steers (BW = 257 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to one of the four frequencies of supplementation. Steers were offered tallgrass prairie hay (73.5% NDF, 4.8% CP) ad libitum and were supplemented at a rate (relative to BW) similar to that of the cows in Exp. 1. Increasing frequency of supplementation increased (linear effect, P < or = 0.02) forage OM intake, OM and NDF digestion, and digestible OM intake. However, the most prominent differences in forage OM intake tended (cubic effect, P = 0.07) to occur with the two extreme frequencies of supplementation. In conclusion, forage use was improved with an increased frequency of supplementation, but the impact on performance is not likely to be large unless extreme differences in frequency occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66505, USA.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Klevesahl
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wickersham
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D006109:Poaceae; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D000641:Ammonia