title: Experimental rapid infection in market swine following exposure to a Salmonella contaminated environment.
abstract: The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the possibility of swine becoming infected with Salmonella Typhimurium after a short time interval in a contaminated environment. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 consisted of five trials with eight market weight swine. Pigs were necropsied at 2 (n = 10), 3 (n = 10) and 6 (n = 5) hours after continuous exposure to an environment contaminated with feces shed by swine intranasally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (chi 4232). In Experiment 2, pigs were necropsied after 30 minutes (n = 6), 60 minutes (n = 6), 2 hours (n = 6), and 6 hours (n = 3). In addition, control animals with no exposure were also necropsied in both experiments. At necropsy, the superficial inguinal, ileocecal, and mandibular lymph nodes, as well as cecal contents, distal ileum portion, and feces were evaluated. All samples were cultured for the presence of the nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. Feces deposited on the floor by intranasally inoculated swine were mixed with water to form slurry with a resulting load of 10(3)-10(5) Salmonella Typhimurium CFU per gram. In Experiment 1, 80% percent of animals with a 2-hour, 60% of animals with a 3-hour, and 100% of animals with a 6-hour exposure to this slurry had at least one sample test positive for the marked Salmonella Typhimurium strain. In Experiment 2, 50% of the 30 minute, 50% of the 60 minute, and 33% of the 2-hour exposed pigs had at least one sample test positive. These experiments show that market swine can become infected during routine resting or holding periods when exposed to relatively low levels (10(3) CFU) of Salmonella in the simulated pre-slaughter environment, and that exposure times as short as 30 minutes are sufficient to produce contaminated gastrointestinal tracts. They also demonstrate the high risk of holding pigs longer than six hours. Intervention at this step in the swine production process may have a significant impact on the safety of pork products.
authors.affiliation: Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Shurd@nadc.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gailey
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McKean
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rostagno
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006799:Housing, Animal; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D013997:Time Factors