title: Phase I trial of weekly gemcitabine at 3-h infusion in refractory, heavily pretreated advanced solid tumors.
abstract: Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) is a nucleoside analog with antitumor activity against a variety of malignancies. The critical enzyme cytidine kinase is saturated at plasma concentrations achieved after a 30-min infusion at conventional doses. Prolonged infusion time may yield higher intracellular dFdCTP concentrations. A phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of gemcitabine, given by infusion for 3 h, in heavily pretreated patients. Twenty-seven patients (13 head and neck cancer, seven sarcoma, three esophageal cancer, three non-small-cell lung cancer and one ovarian cancer) were enrolled. Twenty patients were defined as refractory at first- or second-line chemotherapy. Four different entry dose levels (300, 400, 450 and 500 mg/m(2)) were evaluated for gemcitabine administered on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The MTD was defined as 450 mg/m(2), with granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and asthenia being dose limiting. The maximum grade III/IV patient toxicities for hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils and platelets for all doses were 7, 19, 19 and 11%, respectively. Non-hematological toxicities included asthenia, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea. Thus, gemcitabine administered at a fixed 3-h infusion was well tolerated up to 450 mg/m(2) in heavily pretreated patients. Myelosupression and asthenia were dose-limiting toxicities.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Service, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Av Isabel La Catolica 1-3, Zaragoza, Spain. jmaurel@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maurel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zorrilla
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puertolas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artal
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez-Trufero
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Puertas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine