title: Risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: The present limitations in knowledge of the potential risk factors for PPH undoubtedly are attributable to the facts that PPH is a rare disease with an unknown pathogenesis and lacking large case series. Moreover, definite epidemiologic data are rare and ideally should be obtained from epidemiologic surveys such as large case-control studies. The increased incidence of the disease in young women, the familial cases, the association with autoimmune disorders, and the recent discovery that mutation of the PPH1 gene may not be restricted to familial PPH support the hypothesis that the development of pulmonary hypertension likely implies an individual susceptibility or predisposition, which is probably genetically determined. It is also now commonly believed that the development of pulmonary hypertension in some of these predisposed individuals could be hastened or precipitated by various expression factors (some of them yet unrecognized), such as ingestion of certain drugs or diets, portal hypertension, or HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Centre des Maladies Vasculaires Pulmonaires, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France. humbert@ipsc.u-psud.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sitbon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hervé
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonneau
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D000635:Aminorex / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects; D001937:Brassica; D015897:Comorbidity; D004541:Eisenmenger Complex / Q000453:epidemiology; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005260:Female; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006008:Glycogen Storage Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000453:epidemiology; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013156:Splenectomy; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000453:epidemiology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D001067:Appetite Depressants; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D005277:Fenfluramine; D000635:Aminorex; D014364:Tryptophan; C006559:aminorex fumarate