title: [Physical therapy of frozen shoulder: literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of physical treatments in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder by a systematic review of literature, attempting to perform a meta-analysis from randomised clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve all randomised controlled trials of physical therapy such as physiotherapy and manipulation, but also arthrographic distension, mobilisation under general anaesthesia or nerve block, arthroscopic distension or arthrolysis, and intra-articular corticoid injections. The main outcome for meta-analysis was the restoration of range of movement between the sixth week and the third month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 16 articles could be selected, and only three about capsular distension were included in a meta-analysis because of the heterogeneity of the criteria assessing the functional results and of the poor methodological value of most of the articles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some open studies stressed the value of daily manipulations and physiotherapy, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, but their quality was poor or limited. Nothing was written about antalgic drugs to facilitate joint mobilisation, and the use of a thoraco-brachial abduction device between exercises was only quoted. The most refractory cases might need more aggressive interventions: arthrographic distension with local anaesthesia and steroid injection; mobilisation under general or local anaesthesia, specially interscalene brachial plexus block; arthroscopic release. But there was no randomised controlled study comparing these three techniques and it seemed impossible to come to any conclusion about the superiority of one of them. The meta-analysis showed yet that capsular distension with intra-articular corticoid injections was better than corticoid injections alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This demonstrated the need of a consensus about the criteria of assessment, the time of evaluation, before assessing by randomised clinical trials of good quality their therapeutic value.
authors.affiliation: Département de MPR, CHU Carémeau, 30026 Nîmes et service de MPR, CHU Lapeyronie, 34295, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pélissier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bénaim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petiot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hérisson
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003286:Contracture / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000700:Analgesics