title: Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms in patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease.
abstract: We studied promoter region polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene at position -1031, -863, and -857, in 172 Japanese patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). The frequency of the -1031C allele, a high producer of TNF, increased significantly in early onset PD patients compared with controls. In addition, PD patients with the -1031C allele showed a significantly earlier onset than those without -1031C allele, after stratification of the data by an interleukin-1beta gene polymorphism. Our findings suggest that TNF might have a toxic effect in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center, Utano National Hospital, 616-8255, Kyoto, Japan. m_nishim@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha