title: A primate model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury for preclinical evaluation of the antileukocyte function associated antigen 1 monoclonal antibody odulimonab.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We established a primate model to investigate the effects of the antileukocyte function associated antigen 1 (CD 11a) mAb odulimomab (Imtix-Sangstad, Lyon, France) for preventing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly divided 34 Macaca cynomolgus monkeys into groups 1 and 2, which received a renal autograft after 2 hours of cold ischemia, and groups 3 and 4, which received the autograft after 24 hours of cold ischemia. Before cold ischemia all harvested kidneys were subjected to 30 to 45 minutes of warm ischemia. Groups 1 and 3 monkeys were treated with an antileukocyte function associated antigen 1 mAb before cold ischemia and then for 3 days, while groups 2 and 4 monkeys received an IgG1 isotype control. In all groups renal function was investigated before warm ischemia and 72 hours after reperfusion. Serum creatinine and the leukocyte count were determined daily. Histological studies were done and lactoferrin was measured in the autotransplanted kidney 72 hours after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in renal function was shown after 2 hours of cold ischemia with tubular necrosis and mild cell infiltration, while after 24 hours of cold ischemia there was severe renal failure with tubular and glomerular necrosis, and leukocyte infiltration. A significant improvement in renal function and decrease in kidney lactoferrin content was evident in group 1 compared to group 2 at 72 hours, while no significant difference was noted in groups 3 and 4. No difference in histological patterns was evident in treated and untreated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for the validity of this ischemia-reperfusion injury model in primates. The protective effects of antileukocyte function associated antigen 1 mAb on renal injury was not as dramatic as in rodent models but a significant improvement in renal function was observed in treated animals after 2 hours of cold ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Service of Urology and Transplantation, INSERM U281 and Imtix-Sangstat, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petruzzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Virieux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tiollier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badet
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000882:Haplorhini; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; C114320:anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody