title: Intravenous omeprazole in children: pharmacokinetics and effect on 24-hour intragastric pH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor, acting selectively on the gastric parietal cell H+K+-adenosine triphosphatase. Data on the intravenous route are limited in children and not available in infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the pharmacokinetics and the optimal dosage of intravenous omeprazole in patients younger than 30 months of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine children (three girls), aged 4.5 to 27 months, with normal liver and renal functions requiring intravenous omeprazole were studied. After enrollment in the study and randomization, omeprazole was administered once daily, at 8 am, as a 1-hour infusion. Group 1, consisting of the first four patients, received 20 mg/1.73 m2, and group 2, consisting of the following five patients, received 40 mg/1.73 m2. At day 3, a 24-hour intragastric pH and a pharmacokinetic study of omeprazole were performed. Plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in group 2 had a significantly higher median pH (6.99 vs. 3.35; P = 0.01) and percent of monitored time with gastric pH >4 than children given 20 mg/1.73 m2 (90.6% vs. 44.8%; P < 0.01). Four had a pH more than 4 during more than 90% of the time versus none of the patients of group 1. The plasma concentration versus time curves showed rapid elimination of the drug. The median area under the curve of omeprazole was 0.78 microg. mL-1. h-1 (range, 0.55-1.64 microg. mL-1. h-1) and 3.95 microg. mL-1. h-1 (range, 1.9-4.9 microg. mL-1. h-1), respectively, in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Systemic clearance was not different between the two groups: median values were 0.68 and 0.42 L. kg-1. h-1 (P = 0.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In critical situations, intravenous administration of omeprazole may be required in infants. The authors demonstrate that the dose of 20 mg/1.73 m2 is not effective in maintaining 24-hour gastric pH of more than 4 and that a dose of 40 mg/1.73 m2 is required.
authors.affiliation: Service de Gastro-entérologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France. christophe.faure@rdb.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Shaghaghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacqz-Aigrain
mesh_terms: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D009853:Omeprazole