title: Expression of Fas antigen (CD95) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in liver-infiltrating, cytotoxic lymphocytes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fas-expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important antitumor immune effector cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in modulating the expression of Fas by CTLs is not known in HCC. The objectives of this study were to characterize the expression of Fas by CTLs and natural killer (NK) cells among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with HCC and to correlate the association, if any, with serum TGF-beta1 levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBLs from 18 patients with HCC and TILs from 5 HCC liver specimens were isolated, and Fas expression was analyzed by three-color flow cytometry. The results were compared with results from normal control volunteers (n = 19 individuals). Serum TGF-beta1 levels in patients with HCC were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median percentage of Fas expression by CD3 positive T cells was significantly higher in patients with HCC compared with normal controls (54.37% vs. 32.03%, respectively; P = 0.0036), and this was attributable solely to Fas expression by CD4 positive PBLs (54.46% vs. 34.90%, respectively; P = 0.0234). In contrast, Fas expression was significantly higher in all the subtypes of TILs (CD3 positive, CD4 positive, CD8 positive, NK cells, and natural T cells) compared with controls (all P values were < 0.001). Tumor size was inversely proportional to the TGF-beta1 levels (correlation coefficient [r] = -0.725; P < 0.0001), which were correlated inversely with Fas expression by CD4 positive PBLs (r = -0.516; P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with HCC, TILs exhibit significantly increased expression of Fas compared with PBLs that may enhance their susceptibility to apoptotic mechanisms. Larger tumors were associated with lower serum TGFbeta1 levels, and this was correlated with greater Fas expression by CD4 positive PBLs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom. yuenmf@netvigator.com
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Heneghan
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D019014:fas Receptor