title: Long-term neuroprotective effect of inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion using a behavioral assessment.
abstract: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) can initiate an energy-consuming and inefficient repair cycle following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by transferring ADP ribose units to nuclear proteins eventually leading to cellular dysfunction and neuronal death. 3-Aminobenzamide (3-AB) is a selective inhibitor of PARP that can significantly reduce brain damage after focal ischemia in rats and displays a low toxicity in vivo. The goals of this study were to determine if inhibiting PARP with 3-AB has a long-term neuroprotective effect and if functional outcome improves in rats following focal ischemia and treatment with 3-AB. Focal ischemia was induced by a 2-h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), using an intraluminal filament. Motor functions were evaluated from 5 to 28 days after reperfusion in four groups of rats: stroke without treatment; stroke treated with 3-AB at doses of 15 mg/kg, stroke treated with 3-AB at doses of 55 mg/kg; and the non-ischemic control rats. Functional behaviors were tested by a series of motor function tasks (foot placing, parallel bar crossing, rope and ladder climbing), as well as a neurological examination. Infarct volume of stroke brain in the same rat was determined by Nissl staining 28 days after surgery. Comparison of the untreated stroke group (n=11) and the treated stroke groups indicates that impairment of motor function was significantly (P<0.001) reduced by administration of 3-AB at doses of 15 mg/kg (n=9) or 55 mg/kg (n=10). Neurological outcome was also improved significantly (P<0.001). Infarct volume was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in both treated groups. Long-term neuroprotection following ischemia/reperfusion injury to the brain can be obtained by administration of a PARP inhibitor. The motor tests employed in this study can be used as sensitive, objective and reproducible measurements of functional impairment in rats following an ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Lande Medical Research Building, Room 48, 550 E Canfield St., Detroit, MI 48201, USA. yding@neurosurgery.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; C025160:3-aminobenzamide; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases