title: Lipodystrophy in 685 HIV-1-treated patients: influence of antiretroviral treatment and immunovirological response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) or not, and to determine factors related to occurrence of lipodystrophy (LD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 685 treated HIV-1-infected patients that were routinely followed in 6 Paris hospital centers between January and May 1999. Demographic data, familial and personal vascular risk factors, history of antiretroviral treatment, HIV plasma viral load, CD4 cell count, and metabolic data were collected. Clinical examination was based on an assessment of changes in abdominal, dorso-cervical, and breast girth and wasting of the limbs, face, and skin as quoted by the clinician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at inclusion in the study was 38 years; 29.5% were women. At study assessment, 77.5% of patients were PI-treated and 22.5% had never received a PI. LD was observed in 403 (58.8%) patients, of whom 340 were currently receiving a PI and 63 had never received a PI. More than half of the lipodystrophic patients had a mixed form (53.9%), while 25.3% were classified as exclusive lipoatrophic and 20.8% as exclusive hypertrophic. In multivariate analysis, older age, duration of antiretroviral treatment (ART), antiretroviral combinations including stavudine, antiretroviral combinations including a PI, AIDS status, and a low HIV RNA were independently associated with occurrence of LD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LD is frequently observed in PI-treated patients, but it is also observed in patients receiving an ART regimen without PIs. Our study suggests different underlying mechanisms, because immunovirological response to treatment as well as certain therapies were linked to the occurrence of LD. This hypothesis would be best clarified in a large prospective cohort of naive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, INSERM U292, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. boufassa@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boufassa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dulioust
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lascaux
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boué
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Delfraissy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goujard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors