title: Resistance profile and cross-resistance of HIV-1 among patients failing a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing regimen.
abstract: The objectives were to determine the resistance profile and the rate of cross-resistance in HIV-1 infected patients failing an efavirenz or a nevirapine or a nevirapine then efavirenz containing regimens, and to investigate if zidovudine and more generally thymidine analog nucleosides lead to a particular genotypic pattern in nevirapine failing patients. A study was conducted in 104 patients with virological rebound to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) regimen (efavirenz n = 39, nevirapine n = 46 and nevirapine then efavirenz n = 19). Genotypic resistance testing was carried out of detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA (> 200 copies/ml). Among the 104 patients studied, only two patients failed to respond to the nevirapine regimen without selection of a NNRTI resistance mutation. All patients failing an efavirenz regimen harboured mutations conferring cross-resistance to nevirapine (K103N, Y188L, G190S). Among patients failing the nevirapine regimen and presenting with NNRTI mutations, 35 (80%) harboured mutations conferring cross-resistance to efavirenz (K101E, K103N, Y188L) and 9 (20%) harboured mutations conferring resistance to nevirapine alone (V106A and Y181C). In patients failing nevirapine then efavirenz therapy, all NNRTI resistance profile led to cross-resistance to all available NNRTIs. Among patients receiving nevirapine, the selection of mutations associated with a cross-resistance to efavirenz was more frequent statistically when a thymidine nucleoside analog (zidovudine or stavudine) was used in the regimen (P = 0.02). In conclusion, 100% of patients developed cross-resistance to nevirapine and efavirenz after treatment by efavirenz and 80% after treatment by nevirapine. The use of a thymidine analog concomitantly with nevirapine leads to the preferential selection of cross-resistance NNRTI mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital 83, blvd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delaugerre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rohban
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mouroux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tricot
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agher
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huraux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katlama
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvez
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010078:Oxazines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019829:Nevirapine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; C098320:efavirenz