title: Changes of retinal neurons and glial fibrillary acid protein immunoreactive astrocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of arterial hypertension on retinal neurons and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunoreactive astrocytes was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The retinas of 4- and 6-month-old SHRs and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were investigated. A group of SHRs, treated from 4 to 6 months with the hypotensive drug hydralazine, was also examined. Microanatomical and immunohistochemical techniques associated with image analysis and the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) technique for apoptosis or necrosis were used, as well as astrocyte molecular biology (Western blot) techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 4-month-old SHR and WKY rats, retinal morphology and the number of retinal neurons and of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes were similar, with the exception of the occurrence of 1% of TUNEL-positive ganglionic neurons in SHRs. In 6-month-old SHRs a decrease of retinal volume and of the number of ganglionic neurons and photoreceptors was observed, compared with age-matched normotensive WKY rats or younger SHR and WKY rats. Two per cent of ganglionic neurons and 5% of photoreceptors were also TUNEL positive. In 6-month-old SHRs, hypertrophic perivascular GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes were found, whereas their number was unchanged compared to younger cohorts or WKY rats. An increased expression of GFAP was also noticeable in SHRs by Western blot analysis. Hypotensive treatment with hydralazine partly countered retinal changes occurring in SHRs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of neuronal and astroglial changes when a stable hypertension was developed, and their sensitivity to antihypertensive treatment, suggest that they may represent a hypertension-related phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. maurizio@cambio.unicam.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabbatini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strocchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vitaioli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amenta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012016:Reference Values; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006830:Hydralazine