title: Early IFN-gamma production is related to the presence of interleukin (IL)-18 and the absence of IL-13 in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections.
abstract: Gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) production, the hallmark of the Th1 immune response, has been shown to play a central role in the resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infections, in particular when produced in the very early acute infection. BALB/c mice infected with T. cruzi, Tulahuén strain, reach high parasitemias during the acute phase, and their spleen cells release IFN-gamma in the second week of the infection, while those of the resistant C3H strain produce the cytokine earlier, at 2 days post-infection (pi). We studied in the spleen cells supernatants of infected BALB/c and C3H mice, the spontaneous production of cytokines involved in the induction, interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-12 p70, as well as in the downregulation, IL-13 and IL-10, of the Th1 immune response. We found that, at 2 days pi, only C3H mice produced IL-18, while IL-12 p70 was detected in both mouse strains. Moreover, at this time pi splenocytes from BALB/c mice spontaneously produced high amounts of IL-13. At 14 days pi, despite the increased levels of IL-13 and IL-10 detected in C3H mice, they still showed high concentrations of IL-18 and IL-12 p70. In contrast, spleen cells from BALB/c mice did not secrete IL-18, IL-12 p70 and IL-13 at this time pi, but produced higher amounts of IL-10 than C3H mice. Non of these cytokines was found increased in the cell supernatants of chronically infected mice. The addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Concanavalin A (Con A) to the cell cultures did not enhance the production of IL-18 and IL-12 at the time points tested. On the other hand, at 21 days pi, when parasitemia peaked, an inhibition of both the LPS induced IL-10 release and the IL-13 production upon Con A stimulation was observed in C3H, but not in BALB/c mice. We did not find an increase of IL-18, IL-10, or IL-12 p70 in the serum of the infected mice, despite the high seric IL-12 p40 concentrations reached during the infection. The data show that the different kinetics of the production of these cytokines in the spleen of both mouse strains could have a key role in the in vivo regulation of IFN-gamma production. In these experimental models, early IFN-gamma release and thus resistance to T. cruzi infection, could be related to the combined effect of both IL-18 and IL-12p70 in the absence of IL-13.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Parasitología, Dr M. Fatala Chabén, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Av. Paseo Colón 568, 1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mantunez@mail.retina.ar
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Antúnez
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cardoni
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D020382:Interleukin-18; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma