title: Minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anesthetics in rats during postnatal maturation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although neonatal rats have become widely used as experimental laboratory animals, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values of volatile anesthetics in rats during postnatal maturation remain unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined MAC values of volatile anesthetics in spontaneously breathing neonatal (2-, 9-, and 30-day-old) and adult Wistar rats exposed to increasing (in 0.1-0.2% steps) concentrations of halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane (n = 12-20 in each group), using the tail-clamp technique. MAC and its 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression and corrected for body temperature (37 degrees C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adult rats, inspired MAC values corrected at 37 degrees C were as follows: halothane, 0.88% (confidence interval, 0.82-0.93%); isoflurane, 1.12% (1.07-1.18%); and sevoflurane, 1.97% (1.84-2.10%). In 30-day-old rats, the values were as follows: halothane, 1.14% (1.07-1.20%); isoflurane, 1.67% (1.58-1.76%); and sevoflurane, 2.95% (2.75-3.15%). In 9-day-old rats, inspired MAC values were as follows: halothane, 1.68% (1.58-1.78%); isoflurane, 2.34% (2.21-2.47%); and sevoflurane, 3.74% (3.64-3.86%). In 2-day-old rats, inspired MAC values were as follows: halothane, 1.54% (1.44-1.64%); isoflurane, 1.86% (1.72-2.01%); and sevoflurane, 3.28% (3.09-3.47%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As postnatal age increases, MAC value significantly increases, reaching the greatest value in 9-day-old rats, and decreases thereafter, and at 30 days is still greater than the adult MAC value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hĵpitaux de Paris, France. gorlia@club-internet.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orliaguet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vivien
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langeron
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouhemad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coriat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riou
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D006221:Halothane / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane