title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1999, the World Health Organization categorized large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, and large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology as a variant of large cell carcinoma. Patients with large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine features have poor prognoses, comparable to those for small cell lung carcinoma. Small cell lung carcinoma is sensitive to chemotherapy; however, it is still unclear whether large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine features is responsive to adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed 73 patients with large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine features who underwent resection of the tumor and studied the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy for large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with Stage I disease, the overall survival for patients with adjuvant chemotherapy based on cisplatin, carboplatin, or cyclophosphamide, which were used as standard chemotherapy for small cell lung carcinoma, were significantly higher than the overall survival for patients without adjuvant chemotherapy. In patients with Stage II, III, and IV disease, there was no significant difference between patients with adjuvant chemotherapy and without adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant chemotherapy based on cisplatin, carboplatin, or cyclophosphamide prolongs survival of patients with large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine features in early stage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Institute of Pulmonary Cancer Research, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. iyoda@haibyo1.m.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iyoda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyozaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohwada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin