title: Exposure of red bone marrow to ionising radiation from natural and medical sources in France.
abstract: This paper presents a review of available data on the average level of equivalent dose to the red bone marrow in France, due to natural and some medical exposures. The sources of exposure to ionising radiation which were studied are medical examinations involving x-rays (diagnostic radiology), inhalation of radon and thoron, cosmic irradiation, terrestrial irradiation and intakes of natural radionuclides. This review is based, where possible, on specific data for France. The influence of age on exposure levels is studied when data are available. The total equivalent dose to the red bone marrow is estimated at 2.4 mSv year(-1), 2.7 mSv year(-1) and 5.4 mSv year(-1) respectively for adults (> or =18 years old), children (3-17 years old) and infants (0-1 year old). The high level of exposure for infants is explained by the important contribution of 210Po. The average equivalent dose to the red bone marrow for adults is also compared with the average committed effective dose due to the same exposure sources. The importance of medical exposure and natural exposure due to intake of natural radionuclides emphasises the importance of obtaining more information about these sources of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, DPHD/SEGR/SAER, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. catherine.rommens@ipsn.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rommens
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ringeard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hubert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D001417:Background Radiation; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011859:Radiography; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D011886:Radon
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D011868:Radioisotopes; D011886:Radon