title: A 13C-urea breath test in children with helicobacter pylori infection: assessment of eradication therapy and follow-up after treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, for assessment of the efficacy of eradication therapy, and for post-treatment follow-up in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two patients who underwent endoscopy for symptoms related to the upper gastrointestinal tract were examined by rapid urease test, histology, and culture. The patients were also studied with serology and UBT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven of the 72 patients were diagnosed with H. pylori infection, based on the results of biopsy-based tests and serology. As an initial diagnostic test to detect H. pylori infection, the sensitivity of the UBT was 95%, which was comparable with that of histology (94%), rapid urease test (96%), and serology (91%) and was greater than that of culture (79%). The specificity of the UBT was 100%, which was comparable with that of the other four tests. The efficacy of eradication therapy was assessed by biopsy-based tests and the UBT in 24 H. pylori-positive patients. For this purpose, the sensitivities of UBT and histology were 100%, while the sensitivities of culture and the rapid urease test were 88%. The specificity was 100% for all of these tests. Eleven patients were assessed by biopsy-based tests and UBT after more than 6 months of post-treatment follow-up. There were no discordances between the results of the UBT and those of the biopsy-based tests in any of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UBT may be useful for detecting H. pylori infection in children with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, for assessment of the efficacy of eradication therapy, and for the follow-up evaluation of patients after the therapy.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozaiwa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017494:Proton Pumps / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010406:Penicillins; D017494:Proton Pumps; D000658:Amoxicillin; D014508:Urea