title: Household educational level as a determinant of consumption of raw vegetables among male and female adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to examine the association between household educational level and consumption of raw vegetables among adolescents and to assess the influence of other determinants on the association, such as family factors, school achievement, health behavior, meal pattern, and weight-related factors. A further aim was to investigate whether the associations were the same for male and female adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on data from the School Health Promotion Survey 1997-1998. Data were collected by a classroom-administered questionnaire, which was completed by 76,201 secondary school pupils. The study recorded the consumption of raw vegetables, but not the consumption of cooked vegetables. Multivariate logistic regressions were used in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A clear positive association between educational level of the household and daily consumption of raw vegetables was found among adolescents. The adolescent's own school achievement explained part of the association between household educational level and consumption of raw vegetables. Other factors explained the association to a small degree, with meal pattern and weight factors having no effect. The associations were similar for both genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Educational level in the household is an important determinant of consumption of raw vegetables. A household with a high educational level will also presumably contain adolescents who have good school achievement, another strong predictor of frequent consumption of raw vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. eva.roos@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mikkilä
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rimpelä
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D004522:Educational Status; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012737:Sex Factors; D014675:Vegetables