title: Assessment of pain control in cancer patients during the last week of life: comparison of health centre wards and a hospice.
abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the quality of cancer pain control during the last week of life in two different types of units for terminal cancer patients in Finland: on health centre wards (N=20) and in a hospice (N=30). Pain scores (VAS), defined daily doses (DDD), routes of administration and costs of pain medication were analysed for each patient. On the 7th-last day before death and during the very last day of life (24 h), respectively, the following results were seen: proportions of patients using strong opioids 64% and 84%, mean equivalent parenteral morphine doses of strong opioids 42 mg and 57 mg, mean pain scores (VAS 0-10) 3.11 and 3.05, mean daily cost of pain medication 2.22 and 2.90 euros. Pain control was thus found to be good with low costs. On the 7th day before death strong opioids were used for a greater proportion of patients on the health centre wards. Differences were also seen in the routes of administration used for strong opioids. Weak opioids were used more in the hospice and NSAIDs, more on the health centre wards. However, no differences were found either in the mean doses of strong opioids or in the quality or the costs of pain control between the health centre wards and the hospice.
authors.affiliation: Kangasala Health Centre, Finland. hhinkka@sci.fi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hinkka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kosunen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Lammi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006738:Hospices / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal