title: Lateral approach to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the previously operated abdomen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past, prior abdominal surgery was often felt to be a contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The presence of adhesions precludes using a simple paraumbilical open approach for insufflation and initial trocar insertion because of an increased risk of bowel perforation and the difficulty in obtaining adequate exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 32 consecutive patients with previous upper midline incisions who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholangiography and describe the technique and lateral positioning to facilitate this approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our series, there were no complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.3 days, and the conversion rate to an open procedure was 3%: one patient who had had 22 previous abdominal operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed with the patient in the lateral position is safe and effective for patients who have had previous midline incisions.
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Laparoscopic and Advanced Surgery Program, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232-2861, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Sing
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kercher
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Heniford
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002758:Cholangiography; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000601:surgery