title: Nimodipine in animal model experiments of focal cerebral ischemia: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on the results of animal experiments, clinical trials were performed with nimodipine, which did not demonstrate a beneficial effect on outcome after stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether the evidence from animal experiments with nimodipine supported the use of nimodipine in clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  - We performed a systematic review of animal experiments with nimodipine in focal cerebral ischemia. Studies were identified by searching Medline and Embase. We assessed whether these studies showed a beneficial effect of active treatment. In-depth analyses were performed on infarct size and amount of edema, and subgroup analyses were performed on the length of the time window to the initiation of treatment and the methodological quality of the studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  - Of 225 identified articles, 20 studies were included. The methodological quality of the studies was poor. Of the included studies, 50% were in favor of nimodipine. In-depth analyses showed statistically significant effects in favor of treatment (10 studies). No influence of the length of time to the initiation of treatment or of the methodological quality on the results was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  - We conclude that the results of this review did not show convincing evidence to substantiate the decision to perform trials with nimodipine in large numbers of patients. There were no differences between the results of the animal experiments and clinical studies. Surprisingly, we found that animal experiments and clinical studies ran simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academical Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. jhorn@wxs.nl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Luiten
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Limburg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009553:Nimodipine