title: Protective effects of FK409, a novel nitric oxide donor, against postischemic myocardial dysfunction in guinea-pig hearts.
abstract: Effects of FK409 were investigated in perfused guinea-pig Langendorff hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Nitric oxide electrode, fluorometry, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were used to monitor changes in cellular high-phosphorous energy and nitric oxide and Ca2+ content in the heart together with simultaneous recordings of left ventricular developed pressure. After cardioplegic arrest with St. Thomas' Hospital solution, normothermic (37 degrees C) global ischemia was induced for 40 min, and hearts were reperfused for 40 min. FK409 at 10(-8) M, which has a minimum inotropic effect on nonischemic hearts, was added to the cardioplegic solution. Treatment with FK409 reduced left ventricular developed pressure during and after ischemia and improved postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure from 55.4% at 40 min of reperfusion in FK409-free hearts up to 80.4% in hearts treated with FK409 (p < 0.01). Flow rate at 1.5 min after treatment with the cardioplegic solution was 27.7 ml/min in hearts treated with FK409 compared with 21.2 ml/min in drug-free hearts (p < 0.01). Treatment with FK409 significantly effected preservation of tissue level of beta-adenosine triphosphate at the end of ischemia or reperfusion. During ischemia, arrested with the cardioplegic solution, intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and nitric oxide release were reduced. At the end of ischemia in FK409-treated hearts, nitric oxide release was 86% greater than in drug-free hearts without reference to the Ca2+ concentration. In cardiac surgery, normothermic arrested hearts are subject to damage by oxygen free radicals in reperfusion injury. Therefore, nitric oxide exogenously supplied by FK409 was responsible for the cardioprotective action, presumably by acting directly as an oxygen radical scavenger during reperfusion. A specific nitric oxide donor, like FK409, may have therapeutic use as a nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxant and additional protective action for reperfusion-injury hearts.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shioi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005470:Fluorometry; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C061872:FK 409; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2