title: Expression of protein gene product 9.5 in epithelioid and conventional malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the frequent lack of S100 protein expression in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), especially the epithelioid variant, these tumors are difficult to diagnose without the aid of electron microscopy or a clinical history of neurofibromatosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), a broad neural marker, is expressed in nerve fibers and neurons of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. We compared its expression to that of S100 protein in 16 cases of MPNST. As controls, 6 monophasic synovial sarcomas, 9 leiomyosarcomas, and 5 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of PGP9.5 was seen in 15 MPNSTs, with 3 to 4+ positivity in the majority of the cases. Ten cases, 2 epithelioid and 8 conventional MPNSTs, were reactive with PGP9.5, but were negative for S100 protein. Five cases were immunoreactive for both S100 protein and PGP9.5. One case was negative for PGP9.5 but demonstrated focal S100 protein positivity. Expression of PGP9.5 was seen in 4 of 6 synovial sarcomas, 3 of 9 leiomyosarcomas, and none of 5 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although PGP9.5 is not a specific marker for MPNST, it is a more sensitive marker than S100 protein (94% vs 38%). When there is a lack of S100 protein expression and a broad panel of immunostains, such as cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and smooth muscle actin, yields only focal or equivocal staining, PGP9.5 is a useful diagnostic adjunct in confirming the neural origin of a spindle cell sarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9073, USA. mai.hoang@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinkre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albores-Saavedra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018223:Dermatofibrosarcoma / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D018317:Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013584:Sarcoma, Synovial / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis*; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase