title: Time-controlled release pseudoephedrine tablets: bioavailability and in vitro/in vivo correlations.
abstract: In chronopharmacotherapy, circadian changes in disease symptoms are taken into account. Press-coated, time-controlled release tablets containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride as a model drug have been formulated and the suitability of this highly soluble drug in relation to the new drug delivery system was evaluated. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was used in the coat of the tablet to adjust drug release. If such a formulation was administered in the evening it would have maximal effect in the early morning, and would be useful for the treatment of nocturnal symptoms. Two cross-over, single-dose bioavailability studies were carried out on eight healthy volunteers. A dissolution test method was developed to establish level A and level C in vitro/in vivo correlation for four formulations. With a low viscosity grade of polymer, peak concentrations were achieved after five hours. The drug was absorbed much more slowly from tablets containing a high viscosity grade polymer, with a plasma peak at ten hours. For further development of the drug delivery system described, a dissolution test method at pH 7.2 at a rotation speed of 150 min-1 is recommended on the basis of level A in vitro/in vivo correlation.
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halsas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Penttinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jürjenson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marvola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D013607:Tablets; D004809:Ephedrine