title: Transplantation of hepatocytes in nonhuman primates: a preclinical model for the treatment of hepatic metabolic diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transplantation of isolated hepatocytes in large animals, including nonhuman primates, must be evaluated before clinical trials are performed. However, in the absence of large transgenic animals and large-animal (as opposed to small-animal) models of genetic deficiencies, it is difficult to evaluate the fate of transplanted hepatocytes, their localization, survival, and function within the parenchyma of the host liver. In this work, we aimed to develop a technique for delivering hepatocytes to the liver of a nonhuman primate and to evaluate their localization and functionality in the short term.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20% hepatectomy was performed in 34 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and hepatocytes were isolated. Hepatocytes were labeled in vitro with a recombinant retrovirus expressing the beta-galactosidase gene and returned to the liver by infusion through a portal catheter left in place. Liver biopsies were performed 4 and 7 d after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four monkeys underwent surgery to define the necessary technical adjustments and to optimize conditions. Six monkeys died. The whole protocol, including the transplantation of genetically marked hepatocytes and procurement of liver biopsies, was performed in the remaining 10 monkeys. In eight monkeys, transplanted hepatocytes expressing the beta-galactosidase gene were widely distributed in the portal tracts, sinusoids, and hepatocyte plates of the host liver 4 and 7 d after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed an experimental nonhuman primate model for the evaluation of hepatocyte transplantation. We demonstrated the engraftment and functioning of transplanted hepatocytes in the host liver 4 and 7 d after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Département de Chirurgie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 157 rue de la Porte-de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vons
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loux
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahieu-Caputo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoletti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borgnon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Rico
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bargy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capron
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000473:pathology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007763:Lac Operon; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D023421:Models, Animal; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics