title: Evolutionarily conserved sequences on human chromosome 21.
abstract: Comparison of human sequences with the DNA of other mammals is an excellent means of identifying functional elements in the human genome. Here we describe the utility of high-density oligonucleotide arrays as a rapid approach for comparing human sequences with the DNA of multiple species whose sequences are not presently available. High-density arrays representing approximately 22.5 Mb of nonrepetitive human chromosome 21 sequence were synthesized and then hybridized with mouse and dog DNA to identify sequences conserved between humans and mice (human-mouse elements) and between humans and dogs (human-dog elements). Our data show that sequence comparison of multiple species provides a powerful empiric method for identifying actively conserved elements in the human genome. A large fraction of these evolutionarily conserved elements are present in regions on chromosome 21 that do not encode known genes.
authors.affiliation: Perlegen Sciences, Santa Clara, California 95051, USA. kelly_frazer@perlegen.com
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Frazer
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Stokowski
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fodor
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics*; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005807:Genes, Overlapping / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004247:DNA