title: The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The beneficial effects of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors in allergic asthma have been shown in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Because allergic rhinitis and asthma share several epidemiologic and pathophysiologic factors, PDE4 inhibitors might also be effective in allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of oral roflumilast (500 microg/day) in allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study, 25 subjects (16 male, 9 female; median age, 28 years) with histories of allergic rhinitis but asymptomatic at screening received roflumilast (500 microg once daily) and placebo for 9 days each with a washout period of at least 14 days in between treatment periods. In each of the treatment periods, controlled intranasal allergen provocation with pollen extracts was performed daily beginning the third day of treatment, each time approximately 2 hours after study drug administration. Five and 30 minutes after each allergen provocation, rhinal airflow was measured by means of anterior rhinomanometry and the subjective symptoms obstruction, itching, and rhinorrhea were assessed by means of a standardized visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rhinal airflow improved almost consistently during the 9 days of roflumilast treatment, and it was significantly higher at study day 9 on roflumilast in comparison with placebo, a result also found for itching and rhinorrhea. With respect to the subjective obstruction score, a significant difference in comparison with placebo could be demonstrated within 4 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that a PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast, effectively controls symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Thus PDE4 inhibitors might be a future treatment option not only in allergic asthma but also in allergic rhinitis or the combination of the 2 diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Mannheim University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feuring
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Timmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuhäuser
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bethke
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stuck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hörmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wehling
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D001549:Benzamides; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; C424423:Roflumilast; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4