title: Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estrogen increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. However, use of progestins in combination with estrogen may counter beneficial effects of estrogen on endothelium. We investigated the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on estrogen-induced increase in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postmenopausal women were treated daily with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg (n=14), CEE 0.625 mg and MPA 2.5 mg (n=15) or CEE 0.625 mg and MPA 5.0 mg (n=16) for 3 months. Plasma lipids and hormones were measured before and after treatment. Vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery were evaluated by measuring flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation by use of high-resolution ultrasonography. Susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was analyzed by incubation with CuSO(4) while kinetics of conjugated diene formation was monitored. Plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were decreased significantly in all groups. CEE increased FMD significantly, from 4.5+/-1.7% to 8.5+/-2.8% (P<0.001). Addition of MPA reversed this effect in a concentration-dependent manner (for MPA 2.5 mg, from 5.0+/-3.2% to 6.2+/-3.1%; for MPA 5.0 mg, from 4.9+/-3.4% to 3.6+/-3.7%; P=NS for each). No treatment significantly altered nitroglycerin-induced dilation. Lag time for conjugated diene formation was prolonged significantly in all groups, and the oxidation rate was significantly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurrent MPA administration may offset favorable effects of estrogen on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Because MPA did not diminish LDL-lowering and antioxidant effects of estrogen, MPA-induced inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasodilation may be independent of changes in oxidative susceptibility and plasma concentration of LDL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan. wakatuki@kochi-ms.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakatsuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okatani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikenoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukaya
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017698:Postmenopause; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004970:Estrone; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate