title: Efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in management of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in the management of premenstrual syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of published randomised, placebo controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 trials of progesterone therapy (531 women) and four trials of progestogen therapy (378 women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of women whose symptoms showed improvement with progesterone preparations (suppositories and oral micronised). Proportion of women whose symptoms showed improvement with progestogens. Secondary analysis of efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in managing physical and behavioural symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall standardised mean difference for all trials that assessed efficacy of progesterone (by both routes of administration) was -0.028 (95% confidence interval -0.017 to -0.040). The odds ratio was 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08) in favour of progesterone, indicating no clinically important difference between progesterone and placebo. For progestogens the overall standardised mean was -0.036 (-0.014 to -0.060), which corresponds to an odds ratio of 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11) showing a statistically, but not clinically, significant improvement for women taking progestogens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence from these meta-analyses does not support the use of progesterone or progestogens in the management of premenstrual syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Keele University and North Staffordshire Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dimmock
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obhrai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011372:Progestins; D011374:Progesterone