title: Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior therapy, and family intervention for patients with comorbid schizophrenia and substance use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comorbidity of substance abuse disorders with schizophrenia is associated with a greater risk for serious illness complications and poorer outcome. Methodologically sound studies investigating treatment approaches for patients with these disorders are rare, although recommendations for integrated and comprehensive treatment programs abound. This study investigates the relative benefit of adding an integrated psychological and psychosocial treatment program to routine psychiatric care for patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a randomized, single-blind controlled comparison of routine care with a program of routine care integrated with motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior therapy, and family or caregiver intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The integrated treatment program resulted in significantly greater improvement in patients' general functioning than routine care alone at the end of treatment and 12 months after the beginning of the study. Other benefits of the program included a reduction in positive symptoms and in symptom exacerbations and an increase in the percent of days of abstinence from drugs or alcohol over the 12-month period from baseline to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a program of routine care integrated with motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior therapy, and family intervention over routine psychiatric care alone for patients with comorbid schizophrenia and alcohol or drug abuse or dependence.
authors.affiliation: Academic Division of Clinical Psychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. christine.barrowclough@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barrowclough
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarrier
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moring
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGovern
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005196:Family Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012008:Recurrence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012917:Social Adjustment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*