title: Bone mineral density and body composition in boys with distal forearm fractures: a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether boys with distal forearm fractures differ from fracture-free control subjects in bone mineral density (BMD) or body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study of 100 patients with fractures (aged 3 to 19 years) and l00 age-matched fracture-free control subjects was conducted. Weight, height, and body mass index were measured anthropometrically. BMD values and body composition were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More patients than control subjects (36 vs l4) were overweight (body mass index >85th percentile for age, P <.001). Patients had lower areal (aBMD) and volumetric (BMAD) bone mineral density values and lower bone mineral content but more fat and less lean tissue than fracture-free control subjects. The ratios (95% CIs) for all case patients/control subjects in age and weight-adjusted data were ultradistal radius aBMD 0.94 (0.91-0.97); 33% radius aBMD 0.96 (0.93-0.98) and BMAD 0.95 (0.91-0.99); spinal L2-4 BMD 0.92 (0.89-0.95) and BMAD 0.92 (0.89-0.94); femoral neck aBMD 0.95 (0.92-0.98) and BMAD 0.95 (0.91-0.98); total body aBMD 0.97 (0.96-0.99), fat mass 1.14 (1.04-1.24), lean mass 0.96 (0.93-0.99), and total body bone mineral content 0.94 (0.91-0.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the view that low BMC, aBMD, and BMAD values and high adiposity are associated with increased risk of distal forearm fracture in boys. This is a concern, given the increasing levels of obesity in children today.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goulding
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Manning
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*