title: Impact of different wheat milling by-products in supplements on the forage use and performance of beef cattle consuming low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts on forage use and beef cattle performance of incorporating divergent wheat milling by-products in a 30% CP supplement. The by-products were wheat bran (high fiber) and second clears (high starch). The by-products were added as 1) 100% wheat bran; 2) 67% wheat bran, 33% second clears; or 3) 33% wheat bran, 67% second clears to constitute approximately 47 to 49% of the supplement. In Exp. 1, 90 Hereford x Angus cows (BW = 554 kg) grazing winter, tallgrass-prairie range were fed the supplement treatments (2.27 kg/cow daily) from early December 1997 until calving (average calving date = 3/11/98). Cumulative BW and condition changes from trial initiation through calving were not significantly different among treatments. Similarly, significant treatment effects on cow pregnancy rates as well as calf birth weights, ADG, and ending weights were not evident. In Exp. 2, 16 ruminally fistulated Hereford x Angus steers (BW = 484 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to one of the same three supplement treatments or to a negative control (forage only). Steers had ad libitum access to tallgrass-prairie hay (76.4% NDF, 3.1% CP) and were fed supplement at the same rate (relative to BW) as the cows in Exp. 1. Forage OM, NDF, and digestible OM intakes were lower (P < 0.01) for the negative control than for supplemented steers but were not significantly different among the supplemented steers. Digestion of OM was lower (P = 0.03) for the negative control than for supplemented steers, although significant treatment differences were not evident among the supplemented groups. Digestion of NDF was not affected (P = 0.49) by treatment. Within the context of the amount of supplemental protein offered, changes in the combination of wheat milling by-products in the supplement did not affect cow performance or intake and digestion of low-quality forage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Heldt
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Mathis
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D008297:Male; D006109:Poaceae; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013213:Starch