West Nile virus surveillance in Connecticut in 2000: an intense epizootic without high risk for severe human disease.
In 1999, Connecticut was one of three states in which West Nile (WN) virus actively circulated prior to its recognition. In 2000, prospective surveillance was established, including monitoring bird deaths, testing dead crows, trapping and testing mosquitoes, testing horses and hospitalized humans with neurologic illness, and conducting a human seroprevalence survey. WN virus was first detected in a dead crow found on July 5 in Fairfield County. Ultimately, 1,095 dead crows, 14 mosquito pools, 7 horses, and one mildly symptomatic person were documented with WN virus infection. None of 86 hospitalized persons with neurologic illness (meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré-like syndrome) and no person in the seroprevalence survey were infected. Spraying in response to positive surveillance findings was minimal. An intense epizootic of WN virus can occur without having an outbreak of severe human disease in the absence of emergency adult mosquito management.
Hadler
J
J
Infectious Diseases Division, Connecticut Department of Public Health, 410 Capitol Avenue, Hartford, CT 06134, USA. james.hadler@po.state.ct.us
Nelson
R
R
McCarthy
T
T
Andreadis
T
T
Lis
M J
MJ
French
R
R
Beckwith
W
W
Mayo
D
D
Archambault
G
G
Cartter
M
M
D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D020308:Songbirds; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*