title: Effective treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis with cefazolin and ceftazidime in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of the combination of cefazolin and ceftazidime for initial treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective nonrandomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric dialysis units of the University Medical Center of Utrecht and Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 children (median age 5.4 years) who were treated with PD during the study period of 4.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 50 episodes of peritonitis that occurred during the study period were evaluated by review of medical records. Patients were given intraperitoneal ceftazidime 500 mg/L dialysis fluid, and cefazolin 500 mg/L as a loading dose, followed by a maintenance dose of ceftazidime 125 mg/L and cefazolin 100 mg/L, intraperitoneally, 4 times daily. Antibiotics were continued for 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After identification of the causative microorganism, one of the antibiotics was discontinued in 34 cases, and the antibiotic schedule was adapted in 2 cases. All cases were initially cured within 3 days. In 5 cases (10%), there was a peritonitis with the same organism recurring within 2 weeks after completion of treatment. There were 4 cases of PD-related peritonitis caused by pseudomonas, all of which were cured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antibiotic combination of cefazolin and ceftazidime is effective for the initial therapy of PD-related peritonitis in children. The toxic complications of aminoglycosides are avoided with this combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.rusthoven@wkz.azu.nl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rusthoven
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monnens
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002442:Ceftazidime; D002437:Cefazolin