title: Fluvastatin in combination with rad significantly reduces graft vascular disease in rat cardiac allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  RAD is a potent immunosuppressive agent that has been shown to be effective in preventing acute and chronic allograft rejection in animal models. The HMGCoA reductase inhibitors have been found to reduce the incidence of graft vascular disease (GVD) in heart transplant patients and in animal models. This study was designed to investigate the effects of fluvastatin or pravastatin in a rodent model of GVD produced using low doses of RAD to prevent acute rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearts from Fisher 344 rats were heterotopically transplanted to Lewis rat recipients. RAD was administered orally at 0.5 mg/kg per day for days 0 to 14 and then 0.25 mg/kg per day for an additional 85 days to prevent acute rejection but allow for the development of GVD. Pravastatin (20 mg/kg per day) or fluvastatin (2 or 6 mg/kg per day) was added to the RAD treatment. At the end of a 100-day treatment period, the hearts were harvested for morphometric and histopathologic examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats treated with fluvastatin, at either dose, had a significant (P< or =0.0239) decrease in coronary arterial intimal thickening (GVD) of approximately 43%. Rats treated with pravastatin had a 22% reduction in GVD that did not reach statistical significance. Treatment with fluvastatin, but not pravastatin, decreased the degree of endomyocardial mononuclear cell infiltration seen with RAD administered alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluvastatin significantly decreased GVD in a rat model produced using low-dose RAD immunosuppression. To a lesser extent, pravastatin also decreased GVD in this model. These data lend further support for the study of fluvastatin, pravastatin, and other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for the prevention of GVD in cardiac transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8745, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katznelson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Griffey
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kyles
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Berryman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004699:Endocardium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000068338:Everolimus; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007211:Indoles; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D000068338:Everolimus; D017035:Pravastatin; D020123:Sirolimus