title: Adenosine nucleotides in rat bone measured by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: effect of hemorrhagic shock, with and without retransfusion of blood.
abstract: The measurement of bone adenosine nucleotides (ATP. ADP. AMP) using a simple HPLC procedure is described for rat tibia; the response to hemorrhagic shock with and without blood retransfusion is also described. With respect to the measurement of nucleotides, a number of validation criteria are met. In the anesthetized intact rat (Normal) there was a declining gradient of the three nucleotides, expressed as nmol per g dry matter, from proximal over middle to distal diaphysis, with the mean ratio ATP/ADP (0.21, 0.20, 0.20) and the mean energy charge (0.34, 0.31, 0.30) being low. Irrespective of the anatomic site, hemorrhagic shock of 30-min duration evoked a further decrease versus Normal of ATP, ATP/ADP and energy charge. Blood retransfusion after shock kept nucleotides and other variables in the proximal and distal, but not the middle, diaphysis within normal limits. It was concluded that: (i) bone nucleotides are reliably measurable by HPLC, allowing the described method to be recommended for wider use in bone research and related areas; (ii) in contrast to more parenchymatous tissues, low ATP, ATP/ADP and energy charge may be characteristic for long bones, pointing towards different energy metabolism; and (iii) bone is a "shock organ", reflecting blood hypoperfusion, O2 deficiency and decreased ATP in this situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schwille
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Schwille
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007477:Ions; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013977:Tibia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D007477:Ions