title: Atropine-induced gastrointestinal cytoprotection dependences to the intact of vagal nerve against indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal mucosal and microvascular damage in rats.
abstract: The non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, such as an indomethacin (IND), cause mucosal ulceration and increase the mucosal vascular permeability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Some exogenous agents, e.g. the atropine, can protect the GI mucosa against these ulcerogenic effects. The gastrointestinal functions and mucosal protection, however, are regulated by the vagal nerve. The aims of this study was to examine the dependence of atropine-induced GI cytoprotection to the vagal innervation against the development of IND-caused ulcers and microvascular damage in the mucosa of stomach and small intestine in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  the observations were carried out on CFY-strain rats. The mucosal damage was produced by subcutaneous administration of IND in a 20 mg/kg dose 24 h prior to the killing of animals at the same time as the start of atropine-application, which was given in a small dose (0.1 mg/kg) every 5 h. The subdiaphragmatic bilateral surgical vagotomy was done 24 h before the experiment. The vascular permeability, indicated by the microvascular endothel damage, was measured by the appearance and concentration of intravenously administered Evans blue into the GI mucosa. The number and severity of mucosal lesions and the Evans blue content of mucosa were determined in the stomach and small intestine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The IND caused mucosal ulcers and Evans blue extravasation into the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine. (2) The IND-induced mucosal ulceration and vascular permeability significantly decreased after atropine-administration in the same parts of GI tract. (3) The extent of cytoprotective effect of atropine against the IND was decreased after bilateral surgical vagotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) The IND causes microvascular endothel damage in the stomach and small intestinal. (2) The atropine has a cytoprotective effect in the stomach and small intestine against the aggressive effects of IND without decrease of gastric acid secretion. (3) The intact vagal nerve is necessary to the function of cytoprotective mechanisms of atropine against the IND.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty of University of Pécs, H-7643 Pécs, PO Box 99, Hungary.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karádi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bódis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mózsik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004064:Digestive System / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D005070:Evans Blue; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004396:Coloring Agents; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D005070:Evans Blue; D001285:Atropine; D007213:Indomethacin