title: Safety of the ArF193 excimer laser for the removal of dental plaque and calculi: an in vitro histological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assay the safety of the ArF excimer laser in the integrity of human pulp elements.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The use of lasers in dentistry remains controversial, in spite of their increasing application in medical practice. The main reason for this discrepancy is the frequent report of damage to surrounding tissues and the dental pulp, due to the energy transfer, from the site of laser impact. The progress made on laser technology during the last 10 years, could overcome this obstacle and allow the use of lasers in dentistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study reports the use of the ArF 193 excimer laser, under conditions of strict control of frequency and fluency, for the ablation of dental carries, plaque, and calculi, by the use of a new, articulated arm. We have tested 10 teeth, extracted for prosthetic reasons, immediately after extraction. Our in vitro results show that the ArF193 excimer laser does not produce any harm to the dental pulp (at least at the photo- or electronic microscopy level), whereas in a matter of seconds, it can be effective in removing all dental deposits. In addition, the use of the flexible articulated arm, makes this treatment comfortable and easier for both the dentist and patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under a strict control of laser technology, and the use of the new articulated arm presented, the use of the ArF excimer laser in dentistry is safe and comfortable.
authors.affiliation: ORL Department, University of Crete, School of Medicine, FORTH-IESL Heraklion, Greece. fixture@med.uoc.gr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naoumidou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manousaki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theodorides
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Helidonis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castanas
mesh_terms: D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000601:surgery*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000601:surgery*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053685:Laser Therapy