title: Value of digital exploration for diagnosing injuries to the left side of the diaphragm caused by stab wounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The digital exploration of stab wounds in the left thoracoabdominal region allows the early diagnosis of diaphragmatic lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic test study. The digital exploration of the diaphragm was compared with laparotomy (the gold standard) and thoracoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study setting was the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (Medellín, Colombia). This is a referral trauma center for the general community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 82 consecutive patients who were admitted to our institution during a 12-month period with injuries caused by stab wounds to the left thoracoabdominal region and who did not have indications for immediate surgery. Digital exploration of the wound was performed by the attending surgeon in the emergency department. If a lesion of the diaphragm was identified, a laparotomy was performed; if no diaphragmatic lesion was found, a diagnostic left thoracoscopy and/or laparotomy was performed. Results of the laparotomy (n = 63) or thoracoscopy (n = 19) were used as the standard of reference for the determination of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of digital exploration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The integrity of the diaphragm was determined by digital exploration through the stab wound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and likelihood ratio were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the detection of diaphragmatic lesions, digital exploration demonstrated a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 83.3%, a positive predictive value of 91%, and a negative predictive value of 93.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Digital exploration is a reliable method for the detection of injuries to the left side of the diaphragm caused by stab wounds.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226 Postal 229, Ciudad Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia. cmorales@epm.net.co
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vásquez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery