title: Flecainide widens the excitable gap at pivot points of premature turning wavefronts in rabbit ventricular myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms by which Class IC drugs slow the rate of functional reentrant arrhythmias are not completely understood. We hypothesized that flecainide widens the excitable gap beyond the pivot point of premature turning wavefronts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eight perfused subepicardial layers of rabbit left ventricle, a linear lesion was made by radiofrequency (RF) ablation parallel to the fiber orientation. One end of the RF lesion was extended by a short incision. Pacing next to the lesion induced a wavefront propagating with a sharp U-turn around the end of the lesion in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. A high-density mapping electrode (240 electrodes, 350-microm resolution) was used to record unipolar electrograms at the pivot point. During control, the shortest V1-V2 interval proximal to the pivot point was 162 +/- 12 msec compared with 173 +/- 13 msec distal to the pivot point (difference 11 +/- 8 msec; P < 0.01). After infusion of flecainide 2 mg/L, the shortest V1-V2 interval proximal and distal to the pivot point were 217 +/- 29 msec and 244 +/- 36 msec (difference 27 +/- 16 msec; P < 0.01). Due to the increase in V1-V2 interval at the pivot point, flecainide widened the temporal excitable gap in the returning limb of the turning wavefront from 30 +/- 11 msec to 55 +/- 22 msec (P < 0.01). High-density mapping at the pivot point revealed that this widening of the excitable gap was due to both macroscopic discontinuous conduction and functional conduction block at the pivot point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flecainide widens the excitable gap in the returning limb of premature U-turning wavefronts by causing macroscopic discontinuous conduction and functional conduction block at the pivot point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Danse
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Garratt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allessie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005424:Flecainide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D005424:Flecainide