title: Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and casein kinase 1 by metabotropic glutamate receptors.
abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a multifunctional neuronal protein kinase that is required for neurite outgrowth and cortical lamination and that plays an important role in dopaminergic signaling in the neostriatum through phosphorylation of Thr-75 of DARPP-32 (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, molecular mass 32 kDa). Casein kinase 1 (CK1) has been implicated in a variety of cellular functions such as DNA repair, circadian rhythm, and intracellular trafficking. In the neostriatum, CK1 has been found to phosphorylate Ser-137 of DARPP-32. However, first messengers for the regulation of Cdk5 or CK1 have remained unknown. Here we report that both Cdk5 and CK1 are regulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in neostriatal neurons. (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), an agonist for group I mGluRs, increased Cdk5 and CK1 activities in neostriatal slices, leading to the enhanced phosphorylation of Thr-75 and Ser-137 of DARPP-32, respectively. The effect of DHPG on Thr-75, but not on Ser-137, was blocked by a Cdk5-specific inhibitor, butyrolactone. In contrast, the effects of DHPG on both Thr-75 and Ser-137 were blocked by CK1-7 and IC261, specific inhibitors of CK1, suggesting that activation of Cdk5 by mGluRs requires CK1 activity. In support of this possibility, the DHPG-induced increase in Cdk5 activity, measured in extracts of neostriatal slices, was abolished by CK1-7 and IC261. Treatment of acutely dissociated neurons with DHPG enhanced voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents. This enhancement was eliminated by either butyrolactone or CK1-7 and was absent in DARPP-32 knockout mice. Together these results indicate that a CK1-Cdk5-DARPP-32 cascade may be involved in the regulation by mGluR agonists of Ca(2+) channels.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. liuf@rockvax.rockefeller.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ule
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bibb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: DeMaggio
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nairn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greengard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D047388:Casein Kinases; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010768:Phosphoserine; D010769:Phosphothreonine; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D010769:Phosphothreonine; D010768:Phosphoserine; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D011494:Protein Kinases; D047388:Casein Kinases; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; C495906:Cdk5 protein, mouse; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; C010117:3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol