title: Elevated systemic concentrations of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM) are not reflected in the gingival crevicular fluid of smokers with periodontitis.
abstract: Raised serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in smokers could have immunomodulatory effects in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to compare serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of sICAM-1 in smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease. sICAM-1 in serum and GCF collected from age- and gender-matched smokers (n = 14) and non-smokers (n = 14) with periodontitis were measured by ELISA. Mean serum sICAM-1 concentrations were significantly elevated in smokers (331 ng mL(-1)), compared with non-smokers (238 ng mL(-1), p = 0.008). However, the concentration of sICAM-1 in the GCF was significantly lower in the smokers (83 ng mL(-1)), compared with non-smokers (212 ng mL(-1), p = 0.013). The difference between concentrations of sICAM-1 in GCF and serum was significant only in smokers (p < 0.001). Since GCF is a serum-derived tissue exudate, these results suggest that, in smokers, circulating sICAM-1 molecules are affected either in their passage from the periodontal microvasculature or within the periodontal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Guy's, King's, and St Thomas' Dental Institute, School of Medicine, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Coward
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D003367:Cotinine