title: Face memory impairments in patients with frontal lobe damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether damage to prefrontal cortex is associated with face memory impairment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Neurophysiologic and functional imaging studies suggest that prefrontal cortex is a key component of a distributed neural network that mediates face recognition memory. However, there have been few attempts to examine the impact of frontal lobe damage on face memory performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with focal frontal lobe lesions and normal control subjects were administered two-alternative forced-choice and single-probe "yes/no" tests of recognition memory for novel faces. Retrograde memory was assessed by using famous faces as stimuli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control subjects, patients with frontal lobe lesions showed evidence of marked anterograde and relatively mild retrograde face memory impairment. In addition, patients with right frontal lesions demonstrated increased susceptibility to false recognition, consistent with the breakdown of strategic memory retrieval, monitoring, and decision functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the executive control of face memory encoding and retrieval. Left and right prefrontal regions seem to make different contributions to recognition memory performance.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Section, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson85723, USA. szr@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Rapcsak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Littrell
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Glisky
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kaszniak
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Laguna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020324:Amnesia, Anterograde / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000648:Amnesia, Retrograde / Q000503:physiopathology; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020238:Prosopagnosia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012094:Repression, Psychology