title: Detection of varicella zoster virus DNA in some patients with giant cell arteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between giant cell arteritis (GCA) and the presence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), by using histologic, molecular, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses of temporal artery biopsy specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized masked study, 64 temporal artery biopsy specimens were analyzed by PCR for VZV DNA. The samples included 35 specimens histologically positive and 29 specimens histologically negative for GCA. Immunohistochemical staining for VZV viral antigen IE-63 was performed on seven of the specimens positive for GCA and five negative specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on five of the specimens positive for GCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCR was positive for VZV DNA in 9 (26%) temporal arteries tested that showed histologic evidence of GCA. The remaining 26 histologically positive temporal arteries and all 29 histologically negative arteries tested gave negative PCR results for VZV DNA. Statistical analysis (z-test) comparing the association of VZV DNA between the specimens that were positive and negative for GCA showed a significant difference (P = 0.010). Immunohistochemical studies were positive in several biopsy specimens within adventitial histiocytes-macrophages, but these results did not correlate with either the presence or absence of VZV DNA or with the histologic evidence of GCA. No viral particles were observed by TEM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a significant association of VZV DNA to temporal artery biopsy samples positive for GCA compared with the negative specimens. The results support the hypothesis that VZV may play a role in the pathogenesis of some cases of GCA. However, PCR, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings suggest the virus is present at extremely low quantities, is abortively replicating, or is latent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. bmm@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Font
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral