title: The effects of sequential inoculation of mixed rumen protozoa on the degradation of orchard grass cell walls by anaerobic fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus 543.
abstract: The effects of protozoa on the degradation of plant cell walls (CW) during different growth stages of the fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus have been investigated. Since fungi show a marked lag in their in vitro cultures and many protozoa rapidly die during a prolonged incubation time, the effects of protozoa may vary according to the growth phase of the fungi. Therefore, the approach adopted was (i) to inoculate CW with fungus monoculture, (ii) to inoculate CW with fungus-protozoa coculture, or (iii) to sequentially inoculate fungal cultures that had been grown in CW for 24 (initial stage of growth), 48, and 72 h (late stage of growth) with mixed protozoa. When a fungus was associated with protozoa, a growth phase dependent effect was observed. Ruminal protozoa adversely affected the growth and activity when introduced in the initial growth stage of A. mucronatus, but a synergetic interaction was detected when added to late growth stage cultures. Although there is no immediate explanation for these results, the data suggested that protozoa can engulf the fungal zoospores, which are in ruminal fluids and (or) attached to small feed particles, but cannot engulf the fungal thallus that is tightly attached to feed particles by a rhizoidal system. Our data indicated that the protozoa did not influence cellulolysis by the fungi in exponential and (or) stationary phase, but they had a marked inhibitory effect on fungi that were in lag phase. Inhibition during lag phase could result from the protozoal predation of fungal zoospores that had failed to attach to substrates.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Physiology Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suweon, Korea.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D002480:Cellulase; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000254:growth & development*; D020085:Neocallimastigales / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D002482:Cellulose; D002480:Cellulase