title: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor blocks the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis signaling in breast cancer cells.
abstract: The cytokine hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) has been found to protect a variety of epithelial and cancer cell types against cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by DNA damage, but the specific apoptotic signaling events and the levels at which they are blocked by HGF/SF have not been identified. We found that treatment of MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cells with adriamycin (also known as doxorubicin, a DNA topoisomerase IIalpha inhibitor) induced a series of time-dependent events, including the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activation of a set of caspases (caspase-9, -3, -7, -2, and -8), cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and up-regulation of expression of the Fas ligand. All of these events were blocked by preincubation of the cells with HGF/SF. In contrast, the pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-VAD-fluoromethylketone blocked some of these events (e.g. caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage) but did not block cytochrome c release or mitochondrial depolarization. These findings suggest that HGF/SF functions, in part, upstream of the mitochondria to block mitochondrial apoptosis signaling, prevent activation of multiple caspases, and protect breast cancer cells against apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Long Island Campus for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laterra
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kitsis
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C494829:AIFM1 protein, human; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D004396:Coloring Agents; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005420:Flavoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D004317:Doxorubicin; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; C022616:thiazolyl blue