title: Antiapoptotic activity is dispensable for insulin-like growth factor I receptor-mediated clonogenic radioresistance after gamma-irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between apoptotic activity and clonogenic radiosensitivity in vitro using an insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling model, which is known to exert tumorigenic and antiapoptotic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used mouse embryo fibroblast cell lines expressing either human IGF-IR [R+(Wt) and R+] or the marker gene alone [R-(puro)]; these cell lines were derived from R- cells, which are deficient in IGF-IR. After gamma-irradiation, apoptotic activity was determined by the presence of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3-, -8-, and -9-like activities. Clonogenic radiosensitivity was determined by a colony-forming assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  R+(Wt) and R+ cells expressed similar levels of IGF-IR, transducing phosphorylation signals to major downstream substrates on insulin-like growth factor I stimulation. R+ cells were resistant to the induction of apoptosis after gamma-irradiation; however, both R+(Wt) and R-(puro) cells demonstrated significant DNA fragmentation and increase in caspase-3-, -8-, and -9-like activities. Both R+(Wt) and R+ cells were radioresistant (to a similar extent) compared with R-(puro) cells as measured by a colony-forming assay. Clonogenic radioresistance was not influenced by the inhibition of Akt/protein kinase B through treatment with wortmannin at low concentrations specifically inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that apoptotic activity does not necessarily predict clonogenic survival after exposure to ionizing radiation. This study provides clinical implications in the evaluation of apoptotic activities observed during the course of radiotherapy to predict accurate tumor response or local control.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000528:radiation effects; D005720:Gamma Rays; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000077191:Wortmannin