title: Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonism reverses abnormal coronary vasomotion in atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to determine whether angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor inhibition improves abnormal coronary vasomotion and endothelial dysfunction in patients with atherosclerosis or its risk factors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction, an early feature of atherosclerosis, contributes to abnormal vasomotion during stress. Angiotensin II may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 25 patients, mean age 59 +/- 2 years, with atherosclerosis or its risk factors, we measured coronary vasomotion during flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to adenosine, cold pressor test (CPT) and exercise before and after AT1 receptor blockade with intracoronary losartan (5 mg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Losartan did not alter resting coronary vascular tone, but epicardial FMD improved from 5.6 +/- 1.5% to 8.9 +/- 1.8% (p = 0.02). Abnormal epicardial vasomotion during CPT and exercise also improved with losartan from -1.7 +/- 0.8% to 1.5 +/- 0.1% (p = 0.02) and -0.6 +/- 0.9% to 3.4 +/- 1.2% (p = 0.009), respectively. Improvement in epicardial vasomotion was most prominent in segments with baseline endothelial dysfunction evidenced as constriction during stress. Microvascular dilation during adenosine, an endothelium-independent response, was unchanged with losartan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of the coronary vascular AT1 receptors in patients with atherosclerosis improves epicardial vasomotion during stress, probably by improving endothelial dysfunction. Whether AT1 receptor blockade will provide long-term therapeutic benefits in atherosclerosis needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1650, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Halcox
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Waclawiw
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Quyyumi
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019808:Losartan