title: Macrophages orchestrate the immune response to tumor cell death.
abstract: The mechanisms by which the immune system distinguishes normal developmental cell death from pathological immunogenic cell killing are central to effective cancer immunotherapy. Using HSVtk suicide gene therapy, we showed that macrophages can distinguish between tumor cells dying through classical apoptosis and tumor cells engineered to die through nonapoptotic mechanisms, resulting in secretion of either immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta) or inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1beta), respectively. Additionally heat shock protein 70 acts as one component of a bimodal alarm signal that activates macrophages in the presence of stressful, immunogenic tumor cell killing. These differential responses of macrophages can also be used to vaccinate mice against tumor challenge, using adoptive transfer, as well as to cure mice of established tumors.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Melcher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Crittenden
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Linardakis
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ruchatz
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Emiliusen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Vile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D015774:Ganciclovir