title: Do different dimensions of the metabolic syndrome change together over time? Evidence supporting obesity as the central feature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic syndrome is a loosely defined cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension. Evidence for inclusion of these features in the syndrome has mostly come from cross-sectional studies, and a few studies have examined how the various factors change together over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective population-based cohort study of 937 individuals aged 40-65 years who underwent oral glucose tolerance testing on two occasions at 4.5-year intervals. Changes in the components of the metabolic syndrome were analyzed by principal component analysis in the entire population and in a subgroup of 471 individuals who did not receive pharmaceutical therapy for hypertension and dyslipidemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis identified three independent factors in men: a blood pressure factor (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and BMI), a glucose factor (fasting and 120-min postload glucose, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and fasting insulin level), and a lipid factor (triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, BMI, WHR, and fasting insulin level). In women, an additional factor was identified, which included BMI, WHR, fasting insulin, and triglycerides. Analysis of the contribution of these variables to the different subdimensions indicated that BMI was the central feature of the syndrome in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis of change in the features of the metabolic syndrome over time provides evidence of the fundamental importance of obesity in the origin of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Henri Mondor's Hospital, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maison
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hales
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides