title: Scavenger cells with gram-positive bacterial lipoteichoic acid infiltrate around the damaged interlobular bile ducts of primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gram-positive bacterial DNA is frequently detectable in gallbladder bile of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients. To advance these findings, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of gram-positive bacteria with high antigenicity was examined in liver specimens and bile from PBC patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  LTA was examined by Western blotting in the gallbladder bile from 15 PBC, 11 cholecystolithiasis and six normal subjects, and by immunohistochemistry in liver specimens from 16 PBC, six primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), eight chronic viral hepatitis C (CVH-C) and five normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the gallbladder bile, there was no significant difference in the positive rate of LTA between PBC and controls. LTA-containing mononuclear cells were frequently detected in the portal tracts, particularly around the bile ducts and in hepatic sinusoids in PBC, while they were infrequent or occasional in control livers. These LTA-containing cells were sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, and portal monocytes, which frequently expressed scavenger receptor class B type 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LTA derived from bacterial fragments may reach the bile, not only in the diseased state but also under normal conditions. Such LTA may be involved in the development and progression of portal tract lesions, particularly bile duct lesions, in PBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology (II), School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuneyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sudo
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gershwin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008875:Middle Aged; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; C495124:SCARB1 protein, human; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D013682:Teichoic Acids; C009900:lipoteichoic acid