Reaction of tetrahydrobiopterin with superoxide: EPR-kinetic analysis and characterization of the pteridine radical.
It has been shown that BH(4) ameliorates endothelial dysfunction associated with conditions such as hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. This effect has been proposed to be due to a superoxide scavenging activity of BH(4). To examine this possibility we determined the rate constant for the reaction between BH(4) and superoxide using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping competition experiments with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO). We calculated a rate constant for the reaction between BH(4) and superoxide of 3.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(5) M(-1)s(-1) at pH 7.4 and room temperature. This result suggests that superoxide scavenging by BH(4) is not a major reaction in vivo. HPLC product analysis showed that 7,8-BH(2) and pterin are the stable products generated from the reaction. The formation of BH(4) cation radical (BH(4)(*+)) was demonstrated by direct EPR only under acidic conditions. Isotopic substitution experiments demonstrated that the BH(4)(*+) is mainly delocalized on the pyrazine ring of BH(4). In parallel experiments, we investigated the effect of ascorbate on 7,8-BH(2) reduction and eNOS activity. We demonstrated that ascorbate does not reduce 7,8-BH(2) to BH(4), nor does it stimulate nitric oxide release from eNOS incubated with 7,8-BH(2). In conclusion, it is likely that BH(4)-dependent inhibition of superoxide formation from eNOS is the mechanism that better explains the antioxidant effects of BH(4) in the vasculature.
Vásquez-Vivar
J
J
Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, USA. jvvivar@mcw.edu
Whitsett
J
J
Martásek
P
P
Hogg
N
N
Kalyanaraman
B
B
D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D011622:Pterins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D011622:Pterins; D013481:Superoxides; D001708:Biopterins; C017226:7,8-dihydrobiopterin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C003402:sapropterin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid