title: Failure of a permethrin treatment regime to protect cattle against bluetongue virus.
abstract: Holstein heifers in a confined feedlot setting on a southern California dairy were either sprayed individually along the ventral midline using 0.2% permethrin (250 ml/animal) (two pens) or were not treated (two pens). Treatments (n = 6 dates) were applied every 2 wk during the peak fall bluetongue virus transmission season (22 August-29 October). Animals seronegative for bluetongue virus antibodies at the initial bleeding on 15-18 September (n - 106 in the treatment pens and n = 117 in the control pens) were bled again for testing 2 mo later (12-13 November). Seroconversion rates were not significantly different: 56% for the treated animals and 48% for the controls (P > 0.2). The area has many essentially contiguous, confinement dairies with wastewater ponds that produce large numbers of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones, the primary bluetongue virus vector. Further, these dairies presumably provided a large reservoir of virus-infected cattle to infect vectors in the immediate area. Under these severe virus challenge conditions, permethrin applied at 2-wk intervals failed to reduce exposure to bluetongue virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA. mullens@mail.ucr.edu
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mullens
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gerry
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Velten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin