title: Argon plasma coagulation for rectal bleeding after prostate brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better define the efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC), specifically for brachytherapy-related proctitis, we reviewed the clinical course of 7 patients treated for persistent rectal bleeding. Approximately 2-10% of prostate cancer patients treated with 125I or 103Pd brachytherapy will develop radiation proctitis. The optimum treatment for patients with persistent bleeding is unclear from the paucity of available data. Prior reports lack specific dosimetric information, and patients with widely divergent forms of radiation were grouped together in the analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients were treated with APC at the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington from 1997 to 1999 for persistent rectal bleeding due to prostate brachytherapy-related proctitis. Four patients received supplemental external beam radiation, delivered by a four-field technique. A single gastroenterologist at the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System treated 6 of the 7 patients. If the degree of proctitis was limited, all sites of active bleeding were coagulated in symptomatic patients. An argon plasma coagulator electrosurgical system was used to administer treatments every 4-8 weeks as needed. The argon gas flow was set at 1.6 L/min, with an electrical power setting of 40-45 W.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rectal V100 (the total rectal volume, including the lumen, receiving the prescription dose or greater) for the 7 patients ranged from 0.13 to 4.61 cc. Rectal bleeding was first noticed 3-18 months after implantation. APC (range 1-3 sessions) was performed 9-22 months after implantation. Five patients had complete resolution of their bleeding, usually within days of completing APC. Two patients had only partial relief from bleeding, but declined additional APC therapy. No patient developed clinically evident progressive rectal wall abnormalities after APC, (post-APC follow-up range 4-13 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients benefited from APC, and no cases of clinically evident progressive tissue destruction were noted. Although APC appears to be efficacious and safe in the setting of the rectal doses described here, caution is in order when contemplating APC for brachytherapy patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dominitz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: True
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutlief
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Billingsley
mesh_terms: D001128:Argon / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010165:Palladium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011349:Proctitis / Q000150:complications*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium; D001128:Argon