title: Outcomes after emergency department discharge with a primary diagnosis of heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (CHF) are frequently evaluated in emergency departments (ED). The outcomes of such patients after discharge to the outpatient setting from the ED are not well known. Risk factors for return ED visits or subsequent hospital admission after ED discharge for CHF also are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts were reviewed from all 112 patients discharged from the Parkland Memorial Hospital ED with a primary diagnosis of CHF from October to December 1998. A composite end point ("failure of outpatient therapy") was prespecified to be a recurrent ED visit for CHF, hospitalization for CHF, or death at 3 months after the index ED discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 3 months of the index ED visit, 61% of the study population met the composite end point. The median time to failure of outpatient therapy was 30 days. Univariate analysis of 27 clinical and demographic variables demonstrated the respiratory rate at presentation as the only predictor of failure of outpatient therapy (P =.02). Multivariate analysis of a model with 8 prespecified variables also demonstrated respiratory rate to be the only variable independently associated with an increased risk for the composite end point (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.6, for each increase of 5 breaths/min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high rate of failure of outpatient therapy (61%) in patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of CHF from an urban county hospital ED. Increased respiratory rate on presentation to the ED may be associated with adverse outcomes after ED discharge for CHF.
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9034, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rame
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dries
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yancy
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Drazner
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010359:Patient Readmission; D012119:Respiration; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome