title: History of endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes / Q000266:history; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000266:history*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history