title: Role of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the metabolic activation of N-alkylnitrosamines: application of genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium YG7108 expressing each form of CYP together with human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase.
abstract: The role of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the metabolic activation of N-alkylnitrosamines was examined by Ames test using genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)YG7108 cells expressing each form of human CYP together with human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (OR). The relationship between the structure of N-alkylnitrosamines and CYP form(s) involved in the activation was evaluated. Eleven strains of S. typhimurium YG7108 cells expressing each form of CYP (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 or CYP3A5) were employed. Eight N-alkylnitrosamines including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosomethylpropylamine (NMPA), N-nitrosomethylbutylamine (NMBA) and N-nitrosoethylbutylamine (NEBA) were examined. Minimal concentration (MC) value of a promutagen was defined as the concentration of a chemical giving a positive result. Mutagen-producing capacity of CYP, as indicated by induced revertants/nmol promutagen/pmol CYP, for an N-alkylnitrosamine was determined for all forms of CYP. These N-alkylnitrosamines were mainly activated by CYP2E1, CYP2A6 and CYP1A1. N-alkylnitrosamines with relatively short alkyl chains such as NDMA and NMEA were primarily activated by CYP2E1 as judged by mutagen-producing capacity. With the increase of the number of the carbon atoms of the alkyl chains, the contribution of CYP2A6 increased. CYP2A6 played major roles in the activation of NDEA, NDPA, NMPA, NMBA and NEBA. Interestingly, CYP1A1 became a molecular form of CYP playing a major role in the metabolic activation of NDBA.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku N12W6, 060-0812, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamataki
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D001711:Biotransformation; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D009602:Nitrosamines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585710:CYP2A6 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase