title: Decreased mitogen activated protein kinase activities in congenital diaphragmatic hernia-associated pulmonary hypoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms that cause pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) currently are unknown. The authors proposed that the reduced size and immaturity of these lungs may be associated with differences in the levels of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation (extracellular signal regulated protein kinases, ERK-1 and -2).
  
  
  METHODS
  ERK-1 activities were measured using immune-complex kinase assays on fetal whole-lung lysates obtained from both nitrofen and olive oil-treated (control) pregnant rats. In addition, ERK-1 and ERK-2 functional activities were estimated by semiquantitative Western blot analysis, using an antibody specific for the diphosphorylated (dp-ERK, activated) forms of the enzymes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERK-1 activities, measured using immune-complex kinase assays, were reduced in CDH lungs compared with olive oil-treated controls (P <.02). In addition, dp-ERK-1 and dp-ERK-2 levels were found to be reduced in CDH lungs compared with controls (dp-ERK-1, P =.003; dp-ERK-2, P =.04), whereas ERK-1 and ERK-2 protein levels were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower values of ERK-1 activity and reduced amounts of dp-ERK-1 and dp-ERK-2 in lung tissue from CDH animals, suggests that ERK-1 and ERK-2 activities are reduced in pulmonary hypoplasia associated with CDH. The observed reduction in ERK-1 and ERK-2 activities implicates attenuated cell signaling upstream of the ERK-1 and -2 enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kling
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Narra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kinane
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alessandrini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ercolani
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Donahoe
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005325:Fetal Organ Maturity; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases