HIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma have poorer treatment tolerance and outcome than HIV-negative patients.
OBJECTIVE
Anal carcinoma is being found in HIV-positive patients with increasing frequency. Most patients are treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation. It was our impression that HIV-positive patients do not fare as well as HIV-negative patients in terms of both response to and tolerance of therapy.


METHODS
To test this hypothesis, we reviewed our experience with anal carcinoma and compared HIV-positive to HIV-negative patients by age, gender, sexual orientation, stage at diagnosis, treatment rendered, response to treatment, tolerance, and survival. From 1985 to 1998, 98 patients with anal neoplasms were treated. Seventy-three patients had invasive squamous-cell carcinoma (including cloacogenic carcinoma), and this cohort was analyzed. Thirteen patients were HIV positive and 60 were HIV negative.


RESULTS
The HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups differed significantly by age (42 vs. 62 years, P < 0.001), male gender (92 vs. 42 percent, P < 0.001), and homosexuality (46 vs. 15 percent, P < 0.05). There were no differences by stage at diagnosis or radiation dose received. Acute treatment major toxicity differed significantly (HIV positive 80 percent vs. HIV negative 30 percent; P < 0.005). Only 62 percent of HIV-positive patients were rendered disease free after initial therapy vs. 85 percent of HIV-negative patients (P = 0.11). Median time to cancer-related death was 1.4 vs. 5.3 years (P < 0.05). A survival model did not show age, gender, stage, or treatment to be independent predictors.


CONCLUSIONS
We found that HIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma seem to be a different population from HIV-negative patients by age, gender, and sexual orientation. They have a poorer tolerance for combined therapy and a shorter time to cancer-related death. A strong trend to poorer initial response rate was also seen. These results suggest that the treatment of HIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma needs to be reassessed.
Kim
J H
JH
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Sarani
B
B
Orkin
B A
BA
Young
H A
HA
White
J
J
Tannebaum
I
I
Stein
S
S
Bennett
B
B
D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents