title: A functional update of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the genome of Escherichia coli K-12 was initially annotated in 1997, additional functional information based on biological characterization and functions of sequence-similar proteins has become available. On the basis of this new information, an updated version of the annotated chromosome has been generated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The E. coli K-12 chromosome is currently represented by 4,401 genes encoding 116 RNAs and 4,285 proteins. The boundaries of the genes identified in the GenBank Accession U00096 were used. Some protein-coding sequences are compound and encode multimodular proteins. The coding sequences (CDSs) are represented by modules (protein elements of at least 100 amino acids with biological activity and independent evolutionary history). There are 4,616 identified modules in the 4,285 proteins. Of these, 48.9% have been characterized, 29.5% have an imputed function, 2.1% have a phenotype and 19.5% have no function assignment. Only 7% of the modules appear unique to E. coli, and this number is expected to be reduced as more genome data becomes available. The imputed functions were assigned on the basis of manual evaluation of functions predicted by BLAST and DARWIN analyses and by the MAGPIE genome annotation system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Much knowledge has been gained about functions encoded by the E. coli K-12 genome since the 1997 annotation was published. The data presented here should be useful for analysis of E. coli gene products as well as gene products encoded by other genomes.
authors.affiliation: The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mriley@mbl.edu
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Serres
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nahum
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaasterland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins