Clinical profile and outcome in Bacillus endophthalmitis.
OBJECTIVE
To study the clinical presentation, microscopic and organismal culture correlation of vitreous, and species-specific outcome in Bacillus endophthalmitis


METHODS
Retrospective noncomparative case series.


METHODS
Thirty-one culture proven Bacillus endophthalmitis patients between January 1991 and February 1998 underwent vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotic injection. Lensectomy was combined when considered essential, and on a few occasions intravitreal dexamethasone was added. The patients also received topical and systemic antibiotics. The undiluted vitreous biopsy was the source for microbiologic evaluation (microscopy and culture sensitivity).


METHODS
The duration of symptoms, the presenting visual acuity, and influence of intravitreal dexamethasone with intravitreal antibiotics were examined for any statistical correlation with the final visual acuity.


RESULTS
Trauma was the major cause of infection. Vitreous biopsy microscopy demonstrated gram-positive bacillus in 28 of 31 cases, and polymicrobial infection was seen in 12 instances. All Bacillus species were sensitive to gentamicin, followed by vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. Clinical treatment within 7 days of symptoms, use of intravitreal vancomycin, and absence of polymicrobial infection were associated with better visual outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
With appropriate treatment that essentially consists of vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics, patients with Bacillus endophthalmitis are likely to benefit in many instances. Gram-positive bacilli detected on vitreous microscopy should be empirically treated as Bacillus species unless otherwise proved.
Das
T
T
Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. tpd@lvpeye.stph.net
Choudhury
K
K
Sharma
S
S
Jalali
S
S
Nuthethi
R
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016863:Bacillaceae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone