title: Isolation and biological activity of frankiamide.
abstract: An antibiotic produced by the symbiotic actinomycete Frankia strain AiPs1 was isolated from culture broth using optimized thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The novel compound that was isolated, dubbed frankiamide, displayed antimicrobial activity against all 14 Gram-positive bacterial strains and six pathogenic fungal strains tested. The pathogenic actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis and the oomycete Phytophthora were especially susceptible. In addition to displaying antimicrobial activity, frankiamide also strongly inhibited 45Ca(2+) fluxes in clonal rat pituitary GH4C1 tumor cells and was comparable to a frequently used calcium antagonist, verapamil hydrochloride. The results of HPLC analysis, supported by both nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy studies, showed that frankiamide has a high affinity for Na(+) ions.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Haansuu
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Klika
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Söderholm
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ovcharenko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pihlaja
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Haahtela
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vuorela
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007094:Imides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007094:Imides; C431244:frankiamide; D002118:Calcium