title: Experimental designs to investigate capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry enantioseparation with the partial-filling technique.
abstract: An experimental design approach is described to evaluate the main electrophoretic parameters involved in the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). For all experiments, the partial-filling technique was applied to avoid the chiral selector entering in the mass spectrometer ion source with a negative effect on the electrospray performance. To carry out enantioseparation, a volatile buffer constituted of 20 mM ammonium acetate at pH 4.0, and a polyvinyl alcohol-coated capillary were used. Methadone was employed as the model compound and three different cyclodextrins (CDs), namely sulfobutyl ether-beta-CD, carboxymethylated-beta-CD and hydroxypropyl-beta-CD, were selected in order to study the countercurrent process. Two different experimental designs were chosen: (i) a full-factorial design to examine the effects and significance of the investigated factors, and (ii) a central composite face-centered design to establish the mathematical model of the selected responses in function of experimental factors. The chiral selector concentration, percentage of the capillary filled with the chiral selector, and drying gas nebulization pressure were three relevant factors taken into consideration. For each CD, the methadone enantiomeric resolution, apparent selectivity, and migration time of the second enantiomer were established as responses. The latter were systematically related to experimental parameters with the help of multiple linear regression. It is noteworthy that the behaviour was different in function of the chiral selector charge. Results revealed that the nebulization pressure involved in the electrospray process and the CD concentration had a significant effect on the enantiomeric resolution, while the effect of the separation zone length was less pronounced. Finally, response surfaces were drawn from the mathematical model and experimental conditions were selected to allow a robust determination of methadone enantiomers by CE-MS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cherkaoui
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Gauvrit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lantéri
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Veuthey
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008433:Mathematics; D008691:Methadone / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012044:Regression Analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C031215:betadex; D008691:Methadone