title: Clinical profile and management of heart failure: rural community hospital vs. metropolitan heart center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with heart failure originates from studies of selected populations in clinical trials or from epidemiological observations. Reports on the large numbers of patients with heart failure treated in community hospitals are sparse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Are there differences in patient characteristics and heart failure management between a metropolitan heart center (HC) and a rural community hospital (RCH)?
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of medical charts from all patients admitted for heart failure (ICD 428.x, NYHA II-IV, EF<45%) between May 1997 and April 1998 and discharged alive from a rural community hospital. A similar, but prospective registry was available at the HC. Follow-up information was obtained by request at registration authorities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient groups comprised 120 in RCH and 146 in HC. Mean age was 75+/-11 and 66+/-11 years, respectively (P<0.001); 48% (RCH) vs. 74% (HC) of patients were male (P<0.001). On admission the proportion of functional class IV was 69% (RCH) vs. 17% (HC) (P<0.001). At discharge, the rate of ACE-inhibitors was 74% (RCH) vs. 98% (HC); 11% (RCH) vs. 43% (HC) of patients received beta-blocker therapy. Ninety-six percent of patients in HC underwent and 22% in RCH had undergone invasive diagnostics. One-year mortality rate of patients discharged alive was 26% in RCH and 19% in HC (P=n.s. after adjustment for age and gender).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart failure management according to current guidelines, using beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors, and invasive cardiac examination was significantly less performed in the rural community hospital than in the metropolitan heart center. Therefore, strategies to improve heart failure management according to guidelines are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Department of Cardiology, Bremserstrasse 79, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany. gtau1904@aol.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taubert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergmeier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senges
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potratz
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002300:Cardiac Care Facilities / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors