title: Studies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) gene in relation to insulin sensitivity among glucose tolerant caucasians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether the Pro12-Ala polymorphism of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) gene was related to altered insulin sensitivity among glucose-tolerant subjects or a lower accumulated incidence or prevalence of IGT and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus among Scandinavian Caucasians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pro12Ala polymorphism was examined using PCR-RFLP Whole-body insulin sensitivity measured under hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic conditions was estimated in a population-based sample of 616 glucose tolerant Swedish Caucasian men at age 70. In addition, insulin sensitivity index was measured using IVGTT and Bergman minimal modelling in a population-based sample of 364 young healthy Danish Caucasians. Finally, we evaluated whether the polymorphism predicted Type II diabetes and IGT in 841 seventy-year-old Swedish men. A case-control study was carried out in 654 unrelated Danish Type II diabetic patients and 742 Danish glucose tolerant subjects matched for age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whole-body insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in carriers compared with non-carriers of the Ala-allele of the codon 12 polymorphism in Swedish Caucasian men (6.0+/-2.5 vs 5.6+/-2.5 mg kg(-1) x min(-1) x mU/l](-1) x 100, p = 0.044). The same tendency, but not significant, was observed in the insulin sensitivity index among the group of young healthy Danish Caucasians. The incidence of Type II diabetes and IGT among the Swedish subjects at the age of 70 was similar in the three genotype-groups of the Pro12Ala variant and the Ala-allele was not related to a lower prevalence of Type II diabetes in Danish Caucasians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ala-allele of the PPAR-gamma2 polymorphism is associated with improved whole body insulin sensitivity among Swedish Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Urhammer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carstensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borch-Johnsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drivsholm
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lithell
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D013548:Sweden; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011392:Proline; D000409:Alanine