title: Lysostaphin is effective in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in the rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of lysostaphin treatment of experimental endophthalmitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In one experiment, rabbits were injected in the mid-vitreous with 50 or 200 CFU of S. aureus; untreated groups and groups injected intra-vitreally at 8 or 24 hours postinfection with vehicle or lysostaphin (0.1 mg/ml) were compared in terms of CFU/ml vitreous at 24 or 48 hours postinfection. Histopathology of untreated and treated eyes was also compared. To quantify the potency of lysostaphin, additional rabbits were injected with 50 CFU of S. aureus and untreated eyes and eyes treated at 8 hours with 0.001, 0.01 or 0.05 mg/ml were compared in terms of CFU/ml vitreous at 24 hours postinfection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitreous of untreated eyes or vehicle-treated eyes injected with 50 or 200 CFU of S. aureus contained 5-10 million CFU/ml at 24 or 48 hours postinfection. All eyes treated with lysostaphin at 8 hours postinfection had less than 1 log CFU/ml in the vitreous (P >or= 0.0001). Similarly, eyes treated with lysostaphin at 24 hours postinfection had approximately 1 log of CFU/ml at 48 hours postinfection. None of the untreated eyes were sterile and 88% or 50% of the eyes treated at 8 or 24 hours postinfection, respectively, were sterile. Eyes treated with lysostaphin at 8, but not 24, hours postinfection had less pronounced pathologic changes than the untreated eyes (P = 0.002). A significant reduction in the CFU/ml vitreous at 24 hours postinfection was obtained by treating infected eyes at 8 hours postinfection with lysostaphin at concentrations of >or=0.001 mg/ml (P <or= 0.0034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lysostaphin is effective in treating experimental endophthalmitis mediated by MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dajcs
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Thibodeaux
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sloop
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008248:Lysostaphin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D008248:Lysostaphin; D008712:Methicillin