title: Generation of metal-binding staphylococci through surface display of combinatorially engineered cellulose-binding domains.
abstract: Ni(2+)-binding staphylococci were generated through surface display of combinatorially engineered variants of a fungal cellulose-binding domain (CBD) from Trichoderma reesei cellulase Cel7A. Novel CBD variants were generated by combinatorial protein engineering through the randomization of 11 amino acid positions, and eight potentially Ni(2+)-binding CBDs were selected by phage display technology. These new variants were subsequently genetically introduced into chimeric surface proteins for surface display on Staphylococcus carnosus cells. The expressed chimeric proteins were shown to be properly targeted to the cell wall of S. carnosus cells, since full-length proteins could be extracted and affinity purified. Surface accessibility for the chimeric proteins was demonstrated, and furthermore, the engineered CBDs, now devoid of cellulose-binding capacity, were shown to be functional with regard to metal binding, since the recombinant staphylococci had gained Ni(2+)-binding capacity. Potential environmental applications for such tailor-made metal-binding bacteria as bioadsorbents in biofilters or biosensors are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, SCFAB, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wernérus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehtiö
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teeri
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ståhl
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism*; D019151:Peptide Library; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019151:Peptide Library; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D009532:Nickel; D002482:Cellulose; D002480:Cellulase