title: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) protects beta -cells against interleukin-1beta - and interferon-gamma -mediated toxicity.
abstract: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) is a negative feedback regulator of IFN-gamma signaling, shown up-regulated in mouse bone marrow cells by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IFN-gamma. IL-1beta and IFN-gamma alone, or potentiated by TNF-alpha, are cytotoxic to the insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells and beta-cell lines in vitro and suggested to contribute to the specific beta-cell destruction in Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Using a doxycycline-inducible SOCS-3 expression system in the rat beta-cell line INS-1, we demonstrate that the toxic effect of both IL-1beta or IFN-gamma at concentrations that reduced the viability by 50% over 3 days, was fully preventable when SOCS-3 expression was turned on in the cells. At cytokine concentrations or combinations more toxic to the cells, SOCS-3 overexpression yielded a partial protection. Whereas SOCS-3-mediated inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling is described in other cell systems, SOCS-3 mediated inhibition of IL-1beta signaling has not previously been described. In addition we show that SOCS-3 prevention of IL-1beta-induced toxicity is accompanied by inhibited transcription of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by 80%, resulting in 60% decreased formation of the toxic nitric oxide (NO). Analysis of isolated native rat islets exposed to IL-1beta revealed a naturally occurring but delayed up-regulated SOCS-3 transcription. Influencing SOCS-3 expression thus represents an approach for affecting cytokine-induced signal transduction at a proximal step in the signal cascade, potentially useful in future therapies aimed at reducing the destructive potential of beta-cell cytotoxic cytokines in T1DM, as well as other cytokine-dependent diseases.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark. aek@novonordisk.com
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Karlsen
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Rønn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johannesen
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Galsgaard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pociot
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mandrup-Poulsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nerup
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Billestrup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051381:Rats; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; C491411:Socs3 protein, mouse; C491410:Socs3 protein, rat; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat