title: [Adjuvant therapies for sepsis and shock: which are more effective?].
abstract: Adjuvant therapy for severe sepsis and shock can be divided into 4 groups. The first group comprises those compounds with proven efficacy in human studies (activated protein C and recombinant bacterial permeability-increasing protein). The second group includes compounds with potential efficacy (heparin), while the third group represents those with no demonstrated efficacy in randomised clinical trials (tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 antibodies and receptor antagonists). The fourth group includes those drugs which have been found to be potentially effective in animal studies, but which have not yet been evaluated in humans (i.e., tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, polyadenosine-diphosphate-ribose-polymerase and caspase III (apoptosis) inhibitors). Formal clinical comparisons between the various treatment options are necessary to assist the clinician in selecting the appropriate form of therapy.
authors.affiliation: VU Medisch Centrum, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam. johan.groeneveld@vumc.nl
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beishuizen
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Appelmelk
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Girbes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011486:Protein C / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011486:Protein C; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C025357:endotoxin binding proteins; D006493:Heparin; D006854:Hydrocortisone