title: Selective cricothyroid muscle reinnervation by muscle-nerve-muscle neurotization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if selective reinnervation of the cricothyroid muscle could be achieved with muscle-nerve-muscle neurotization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three consecutive patients with high vagal lesions that resulted in unilateral laryngeal paralysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent laryngeal reinnervation with ansa hypoglossi to recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis. In addition, patients underwent selective cricothyroid muscle reinnervation by muscle-nerve-muscle neurotization technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Objective and subjective improvement in voice quality and electromyographic evidence of selective reinnervation of the cricothyroid muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients recovered normal or near-normal speaking voice and had normal objective measures of voice quality. They also showed electromyographic evidence of cricothyroid muscle reinnervation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The muscle-nerve-muscle neurotization technique was successful in providing selective reinnervation of the cricothyroid muscle in our 3 patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0312, USA. hussam@umich.edu
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: El-Kashlan
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hogikyan
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Chepeha
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kileny
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Esclamado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016067:Nerve Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000601:surgery; D014833:Voice Quality