Tuberculosis and HIV infection: epidemiology, immunology, and treatment.
Tuberculosis and HIV have combined to present a major threat to global public health. Each disease has a negative effect on the other, and mortality in patients with both tuberculosis and HIV is higher than that caused by either condition alone. In regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, as many as a third or more of all patients with tuberculosis have concomitant HIV infection. In urban centers in developed nations, HIV co-infection may also be quite common. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in persons with HIV is successful in preventing many cases of active disease, and newer ultra-short course regimens, such as those consisting of 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide, should aid in this effort. Diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients may be difficult. Although treatment of active tuberculosis is generally successful in patients with HIV, drug interactions between anti-tuberculosis medications and antiretrovirals often complicate the matter, and expert guidance should be sought for proper management.
Schluger
N W
NW
The Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. ns311@columbia.edu
Burzynski
J
J
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D012293:Rifampin