title: Benefit of surgery after chemoradiotherapy in stage IIIB (T4 and/or N3) non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate postchemoradiotherapy surgery in stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer were included in this phase II study. A preoperative diagnosis of stage IIIB cancer was based on mediastinoscopy or a thoracotomy in all patients. Induction treatment included two cycles of cisplatin (100 mg/m(2), day 1), 5-fluorouracil (1 g/m(2), days 1-3), and vinblastine (4 mg/m(2), day 1) combined with 42 Gy of hyperfractionated radiotherapy delivering 21 Gy in two sessions. Patients with a clinical response were offered surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minimum follow-up for survivors was 48 months. Thirty patients had a T4 lesion and 18 had N3 disease. Twenty-nine patients (73%) had a clinical objective tumor response after induction treatment. These 29 patients underwent thoracotomy, and a complete resection was performed in 23 (58%). Two postoperative deaths occurred (7%). Four patients had a pathologic complete response at the time of surgery (10%). The 5-year survival is 19% for the overall population. When only patients who had persistent viable tumor cells at surgery are considered (n = 25), the 5-year survival is 28%. The 5-year survival is 42% for patients having no mediastinal lymph node involvement at the time of surgery and being treated with complete resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that surgery, when feasible, is associated with a 28% long-term survival for patients in whom chemoradiotherapy alone fails to control disease.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Department, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France. thorax@imm.fr
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Grunenwald
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Péchoux
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laplanche
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarayre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arriagada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le Chevalier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate