title: Evaluation of the roles of the Leiden V mutation and ACE I/D polymorphism in subtypes of ischaemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Leiden V mutation, which causes activated protein C resistance and thrombophilia, has been found to be a risk factor for venous thrombosis. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) D allele indirectly exerts an unfavourable effect on the vasoregulatory system. In this study, the frequency of these mutations was analysed in different subtypes of ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the clinical and radiological features 664 Hungarian patients who had suffered acute ischaemic stroke were divided into 3 subtypes: small and large vessel infarcts and a mixed type. In all 664 patients, the Leiden V mutation and ACE I/D polymorphism were examined by means of the PCR technique. The frequencies of the different genotypes for the Leiden V mutation and ACE I/D polymorphism in the 3 subgroups of stroke were compared with 199 stroke-free control subjects whose MRI findings were normal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant associations were found between the overall group of cerebral infarctions and the Leiden V, ACE I/D and ACE D/D genotypes. The ACE D/D genotype was significantly more common in the patients with small deep infarcts (40.3%; p < 0.0005; OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.49-3.57) than in the control group (22.6%). The Leiden V mutation was significantly more common in patients with large infarcts (13.6%; p < 0.025; OR 2.25, CI 1.16-4.34) than in the stroke-free control subjects (6.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE D/D genotype possibly contributes to the occurrence of small-vessel infarcts rather than large vessel infarcts. The Leiden V mutation might predispose to large brain infarcts. Neither the Leiden V factor nor the ACE D/D genotype has been proved to be a risk factor for ischaemic stroke as a whole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Pándy Kálmań County Hospital, Semmelweis, Hungary. szolnoki99@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szolnoki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Somogyvári
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondacs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fodor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A