title: The coagulation-fibrinolysis system in patients with leukoaraiosis and Binswanger disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypercoagulability is observed in vascular dementia, including Binswanger disease. However, the correlation between hypercoagulability, leukoaraiosis, and dementia remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine how activation of the coagulation fibrinolysis correlates with leukoaraiosis and dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), prothrombin fragment(1 + 2) (F1 + 2) and cross-linked D-dimer (XDP) were measured consecutively in 18 subjects without dementia and with leukoaraiosis, and in 29 subjects with subcortical vascular dementia and severe leukoaraiosis (Binswanger disease) at either stable or deteriorating stages. They were compared with 19 patients with old lacunar infarctions and 24 patients with other neurological diseases. We also examined the indices of cognitive impairment and brain atrophy. In each group, the ventricular area-cranial space area ratio was measured by an image analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with Binswanger disease who were exclusively at deteriorating stages showed increased TAT and XDP levels and an increased ventricular area-cranial space area ratio, as compared with the patients with other neurological diseases (P<.001). The index of cognitive impairment in patients at a deteriorating stage showed a decreasing trend vs that of patients in the stable stage. Among the variables that were significantly associated with a hypercoagulable condition (ie, age, scores on Mini-Mental State Examination or the Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale, Revised [MMSE/HDRS], white matter lesions, ventricular area-cranial space area ratio, and C-reactive protein), age (odds ratio [OR], 2.82) and MMSE/HDSR scores (OR, 0.43) survived as predictors for coagulation activation, and C-reactive protein survived for fibrinolysis activation (OR, 4.63) in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypercoagulability in a subgroup of patients with Binswanger disease and with more severe cognitive impairment and brain atrophy does not support a triggering role for a coagulation-fibrinolysis system, although it may contribute to worsening of neurological deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. tomimoto@isola.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomimoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akiguchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology