title: Myeloid dendritic cells stimulate both Th1 and Th2 immune responses depending on the nature of the antigen.
abstract: It has been shown that different types of pathogens induce different immune responses. Recovery from intracellular bacterial and viral infection is dependent on the secretion of Th1 cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and on the generation of cytotoxic T cells. In contrast, responses to some parasitic invaders are of the Th2 type, characterized by secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4). At present, it is not clear what directs this choice, and the most prevalent hypotheses are based on the dendritic cells (DC). In this work, we studied the immune responses generated in mice to a number of antigens, both replicating and nonreplicating, using bone marrow-derived DC as vehicles for immunization. We demonstrate that DC infected with influenza virus prime for a pure Th1 response in vivo devoid of IL-4 induction. This immune response correlates with the induction of DC maturation by the virus. In contrast, nonreplicating antigens, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), beta-galactosidase, or inactivated influenza virus, do not mature the DC and prime for responses characterized by the secretion of large amounts of IL-4. These data support the hypothesis that myeloid DC are capable of eliciting both types of responses depending on the nature of the antigen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Sesma
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D001616:beta-Galactosidase