title: Functional reconstruction of the lateral face after ablative tumor resection: use of free muscle and musculocutaneous flaps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wide resection of tumors of the middle third of the face often results in complex three-dimensional defects and facial paralysis either due to removal of the facial nerve within the tumoral tissue or to extensive resection of the facial muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the cases of three patients who underwent wide excision of tumors of the cheek region, operations that resulted in tissue defects and facial palsy. Defect reconstruction and facial reanimation was accomplished in one stage through functional muscle transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up of more than 1 year showed good symmetry at rest and reanimation of the corner of the mouth in all cases, but one patient, in which the ipsilateral facial main trunk was used as motor nerve supply to the transplanted muscle, developed significant muscle contracture and binding of the cheek skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Every effort should be made to optimize the functional and cosmetic outcomes of neurovascular muscle transfers through precise planning and careful execution of the intricate details of the surgical technique for muscle transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, 1. Cadde, 16. Sokak, 11/8, Bahcelievler, 06490, Ankara, Turkey. tugrulm@baskent-ank.edu.tr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maral
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozcan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000601:surgery; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D017253:Neurofibromatoses / Q000601:surgery; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps