title: Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for patients with fast-proliferating, node-negative breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prospective applicability of new biologic tumor information to personalize adjuvant treatment of women with operable breast cancer remains to be demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with fast-proliferating, node-negative breast cancer could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Beginning in November 1989, we analyzed the proliferative activity of primary tumors in a consecutive series of women with node-negative breast cancer to identify subgroups of patients with a worse prognosis and who were therefore suitable candidates for adjuvant systemic therapy. Proliferative activity was determined by means of the [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay using an autoradiographic technique. Women with fast-proliferating breast cancer ([3H]-thymidine labeling index, > 2.3%) were randomized to receive either six cycles of adjuvant FEC or no adjuvant therapy until disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred twenty-five and 123 patients treated with radical surgery for pT1 to T2, N0, M0 breast cancer were randomized to the FEC and control arms, respectively. After a median follow-up of 70 months, 27 events (21.6%) were observed in the FEC arm and 39 (32.2%) in the control arm, with a significantly lower number of locoregional relapses in the FEC group. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 81% in the FEC group and 69% in the control group (P <.02 by log-rank test). Cox multivariate analysis described the impact of adjuvant therapy with FEC on DFS as independent of the patients' main clinical-pathologic characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FEC adjuvant polychemotherapy seems able to significantly improve the clinical outcome of patients with fast-proliferating, node-negative breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Senology Unit, Histopathology Service, and Medical Oncology Unit, National Oncology Institute, Bari, Italy. anpara@tin.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paradiso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schittulli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cellamare
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marzullo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Lena
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil