title: Lumbosacral radiculopathic pain presenting as groin and scrotal pain: pain management with twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation. A case report and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic groin and scrotal pain is a common entity plaguing a significant population of young athletic individuals. Aside from urologic and visceral etiologies, there is a vast array of underlying musculoskeletal and spinal abnormalities that may be found in these individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presented is a patient found to have chronic, spine-related groin and scrotal pain diagnosed with lower lumbar discogenic disease by physical examination findings, imaging studies and multi-level chronic radiculopathy by electrodiagnostic studies who was treated with twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation (TOIMS). Symptoms of groin and scrotal pain abated with therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation has a promising role in the treatment of groin and scrotal pain of radiculopathic origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital of the University of PA, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gozon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006119:Groin / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012611:Scrotum / Q000294:innervation*