title: Specialty versus generalist care of children with appendicitis: an outcome comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) limit access of their members to specialists to lower costs. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this policy affects the outcome of children with appendicitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  At a large academic medical center, children 17 years or younger with appendicitis were treated either by an HMO Adult General Surgical Service (group A) or a Pediatric Surgical Service (group B). Board certified pediatric surgeons were not available on the HMO surgical service. Anesthesia, surgical residents, nursing, and ancillary support services were identical in both groups. Study parameters included imaging tests performed, operation type, complications, readmissions, and length of stay. Results were analyzed using chi(2) and Fischer's Exact tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred seventy-five consecutive children underwent appendectomy, 96 in group A and 79 in group B. In patients with simple acute appendicitis, there was no significant difference between group A and group B for complications, readmissions, second operation, or length of stay. In patients with gangrenous or perforated appendicitis there was a significant difference between group A and group B for type of operation (laparoscopic appendectomy, group A, 4 of 27 v. group B, 0 of 34; P =.04); complications (group A, 9 of 27 v. group B, 3 of 34; P =.025); readmissions (group A, 6 of 27 v. group B, 0 of 34; P =.001); second operation (group A, 6 of 27 v. group B, 2 of 34; P =.001); and mean total length of stay in days (group A, 8.6 of 27 v. group B, 5.4 of 34; P =.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with significantly perforated appendicitis have lower complication rates and shorter lengths of hospital stay when treated by pediatric surgeons as compared with HMO adult general surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, The Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DiFiore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jirousek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Secic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001062:Appendectomy; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome