title: Tannins--a dietary problem for hand-reared grey partridge Perdix perdix after release?
abstract: A 4-week feeding trial on 22 grey partridges Perdix perdix was conducted in this study. Seven birds were fed commercial poultry food, seven natural food and eight commercial poultry food containing 6% of quebracho-tannin. Our results suggest that 6% dietary tannin, when added to a commercial food with high protein content, effects the grey partridge only slightly. No difference was seen in food consumption and body mass remained stable. However, birds fed tannin had longer small intestines, which most probably indicate gastrointestinal detoxication. They also excreted a high amount of tannin in their faeces. In addition, no between-group variation was seen in cytochrome P450 enzymes. Birds fed natural food had high concentration of nitrogen in intestinal excreta and high plasma alanine concentrations. They also suffered a rapid decrease in body mass after the change in diet and their body mass remained low. This may indicate increased protein excretion and/or catabolism of endogenous nutrient reserves. Potential short-term effects of the change in diet were seen in plasma. These findings coincide with the high mortality period of birds released into the wild.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Fin-90014, Oulu, Finland. tuijala@mail.student.oulu.fi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liukkonen-Anttila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kentala
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hissa
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000378:metabolism; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007419:Intestinal Secretions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D013634:Tannins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D013634:Tannins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D009584:Nitrogen; D000409:Alanine