title: Vitamin-mineral supplementation and accelerated chilling effects on quality of pork from pigs that are monomutant or noncarriers of the halothane gene.
abstract: We examined the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation of the finishing diet on growth and accelerated chilling of carcasses on carcass and muscle traits of halothane gene carrier and noncarrier pigs. Barrows and gilts that were either monomutants (MON, n = 49) or noncarriers (NON, n = 28) of the halothane gene were fed a standard finishing diet until they reached 86 kg. They then were randomly assigned to one of four finishing diets formulated to contain 11 IU/kg vitamin E (0), 311 IU/kg vitamin E plus additional vitamins and minerals (300), 611 IU/kg vitamin E plus additional vitamins and minerals (600), or 911 IU/kg vitamin E plus additional vitamins and minerals (900) until they were slaughtered (118 kg). Alternating carcass sides were assigned either a normal chilling procedure (NC, 4 degrees C for 24 h) or an accelerated chilling procedure (AC, -20 degrees C for 1.5 h and then 4 degrees C for 22.5 h). Supplementing vitamin E in the finishing diet increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of vitamin E in the longissimus muscle. Supplementing vitamin E in the diets of MON pigs did not affect color, firmness, or cooking losses of loins or color and firmness of hams. For the NON genotype, increasing the level of vitamin E in the diet decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of PSE loins and hams. Color and firmness scores of the gluteus medius and longissimus muscles were improved 0.4 unit (P < 0.005) by AC compared with NC of carcasses. Loin chop juiciness and flavor were improved (P < 0.05) in the MON genotype for AC compared to NC. Accelerated chilling reduced (P < 0.05) the percentage of PSE loins from 38 to 17% and PSE hams from 32 to 10% for the MON genotype, but percentage of PSE was not affected (P > 0.05) by chilling treatment for the NON genotype. No interaction between diet and chill treatments existed for muscle quality traits (P > 0.05). Supplementing finishing diets of NON pigs with at least 600 IU/kg vitamin E, in addition to other vitamins and minerals, or accelerated chilling of MON carcasses can reduce the incidence of PSE pork.
authors.affiliation: Animal Science and Food Technology Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409-2162, USA. ckerth@acesag.auburn.edu
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kerth
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006221:Halothane; D006579:Heterozygote; D008297:Male; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D006221:Halothane