title: Pregnancy discovery and acceptance among low-income primiparous women: a multicultural exploration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As part of a larger study exploring psychosocial factors that influence self-care and use of health care services during pregnancy, we investigated the process of pregnancy discovery and acceptance among a culturally diverse group of women who had given birth to their first child in the year preceding data collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven low-income women from four cultural groups (African American, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and white) participated in eight focus groups held in their communities. The focus groups were ethnically homogenous and stratified by early and late entry into prenatal care. A social influence model guided the development of focus group questions, and the study followed a participatory action research model, with community members involved in all phases of the research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Issues that emerged from the focus groups as possible influences on timing of pregnancy recognition include the role of pregnancy signs and symptoms and pregnancy risk perception in the discovery process, the role of social network members in labeling and affirming the pregnancy, concerns about disclosure, "planning" status of the pregnancy, and perceived availability of choices for resolving an unintended pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pregnancy discovery process is complex, and when protracted, can potentially result in delayed initiation of both prenatal care and healthful pregnancy behaviors. Enhancing our understanding of pregnancy discovery and acceptance has clear implications for primary and secondary prevention. Future research is needed to further explain the trajectory of pregnancy discovery and acceptance and its influence on health behaviors and pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA. npeacock@uic.edu
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude / Q000208:ethnology*; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008913:Minority Groups; D010298:Parity; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States