title: Laparoscopic cross-trigonal Cohen ureteroneocystostomy: novel technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a novel technique of laparoscopic transvesical cross-trigonal Cohen anti-reflux ureteroneocystostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10, an 11 and a 32-year-old patient with symptomatic unilateral vesicoureteral reflux underwent laparoscopic cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation. Two 5 mm. balloon tip ports were suprapubically inserted into the bladder. Using a transurethral resectoscope with a Collins knife a 4 to 5 cm. cross-trigonal submucosal trough was created from the refluxing ureteral orifice to the contralateral side of the bladder. The refluxing ureteral orifice and intramural ureter were completely mobilized intravesically, advanced transtrigonally and secured to the detrusor muscle at the apex of the trough with 3 deep interrupted sutures. The elevated mucosal flaps of the trough were suture approximated over the ureter to create a submucosal tunnel. All suturing was performed by freehand laparoscopic technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative time was between 2.5 and 4.5 hours and blood loss was 10 to 50 cc. Adequate submucosal trough creation, ureteral extravesical mobilization and intravesical advancement, and bladder mucosal flap reapproximation were done to create a submucosal tunnel in all cases. Satisfactory transtrigonal anchoring of the neoureteral orifice to the detrusor muscle and mucosa was achieved with 3 stitches. Hospital stay was 2, 2 and 1 days in the 3 cases, and the Foley catheter remained in place for 3, 1 and 1 week, respectively. At 6 months reflux had resolved in 2 patients, while in 1 grade II reflux persisted, which was improved from grade IV preoperatively. All patients have remained infection-free without antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic transvesical cross-trigonal antireflux ureteral reimplantation is technically feasible. Intravesical laparoscopic suturing is possible. Potential advantages include a decreased hospital stay, decreased narcotic requirement and better cosmesis. Further experience is necessary to refine the technical nuances and evaluate outcomes compared to the open technique.
authors.affiliation: Section of Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ponsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014513:Ureter / Q000637:transplantation*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*