title: Anatomically compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus replication in HLA-DR+ cells and CD14+ macrophages at the site of pleural tuberculosis coinfection.
abstract: This study examined the impact of the host inflammatory microenvironment associated with localized tuberculosis (TB) on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication within lymphocytes and macrophages in vivo. Paired plasma and pleural fluid samples from HIV-1-infected individuals with pleural TB (n=9) were analyzed. Detection of host proteins incorporated into the HIV-1 envelope by immunomagnetic capture analysis provided insight into the phenotype of cells supporting HIV-1 replication. The results indicated that the 4.0-fold greater median HIV-1 load in pleural fluid, compared with median load in plasma (P<.01), was derived in part from viral replication within HLA-DR+ cells, CD26+ lymphocytes, and, importantly, CD14+ macrophages. Greatly increased local concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and immune activation markers in the pleural space correlated with the virologic findings. In summary, HIV-1 replication was increased at sites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection within activated cells, including lymphocytes and CD14+ macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis and Mycobacteriology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lawn
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pisell
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Butera
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Toossi
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D014396:Tuberculosis, Pleural / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4