title: Compliance with antidepressants in a primary care setting, 2: the influence of gender and type of impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder includes a requirement that symptoms result in significant clinical distress or impairment. This criterion is difficult to assess and is often overlooked. This study examines the use of the Sheehan Disability Scale as a possible method of assessing impairment, as well as the relationship between functioning and discontinuation of antidepressant medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 272) receiving antidepressant therapy due to an episode of major depressive disorder were asked to complete an antidepressant compliance questionnaire. Patients were telephoned monthly while they continued on antidepressant therapy, up to 6 months. During each call, the Sheehan Disability Scale was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of patients referred to this study, 94.8% met DSM-IV criteria of at least 5 symptoms of major depressive disorder. Most patients had initial scores ranging from 5 to 8 on all 3 Sheehan disability subscales (occupational, social, and family functioning); 72% of patients had at least moderate impairment (scores > or = 4) on all 3 subscales. After 8 weeks of treatment, 42% of patients had scores < 4 on all 3 subscales (recovery); after 24 weeks, 64% of patients had scores < 4 on all 3 subscales. Dropout risk in men was related to improvement in occupational, social, and family functioning, whereas dropout risk in women was related only to improvement in family functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Sheehan Disability Scale can be valuable in assessing impairment and thus in correctly diagnosing major depressive disorder. We suggest that scores of 4 or more (moderate impairment) on all 3 subscales indicate sufficient impairment for a strict diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Functional symptoms continued to improve for up to 24 weeks on antidepressant therapy, suggesting 6 months or more of therapy is necessary for maximum functional improvement. Premature discontinuation of antidepressant therapy is more likely to occur in women who experience significant improvement in family functioning or men who experience significant improvement in any functional area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. koen.demytteneare@mrd.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enzlin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dewé
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Bie
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Troyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mesters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents