title: Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release in open versus endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release occurs with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair although the relative contribution of each is currently poorly understood. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury is thought to play a greater role following open (OR) than endovascular (ER) repair, with resultant greater perioperative morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients undergoing OR (n = 16) and ER (n = 16) of AAA were studied. Systemic venous (SV) blood was taken at induction (baseline), 0 h (last clamp off), 4, 24, 72 and 144 h, and femoral venous (FV) blood (indwelling catheter; lower torso venous effluent) at 0, 4 and 24 h. The cytokines interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured in these samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In OR, SV and FV IL-6 increased from baseline to a peak at 24 h (SV 589 pg/ml (P = 0.001 versus baseline) and FV 848 pg/ml (P = 0.05)) before declining at 144 h. In ER, there was a similar pattern but the increase was smaller (24 h: SV 260 pg/ml (P = 0.003 versus baseline) and FV 319 pg/ml (P = 0.06)) at all equivalent timepoints compared with OR. IL-8 peaked earlier (4 h) from baseline in both groups before declining by 144 h, and significant differences between SV and FV were seen only in the OR group. IL-10 levels peaked in both groups at 24 h before declining at 144 h, and there were no significant locosystemic differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous pro-inflammatory cytokine changes (IL-6) are consistent with significantly greater lower-torso reperfusion injury in patients undergoing OR. Smaller responses were seen after ER (IL-6 and IL-8), although both groups showed a similar anti-inflammatory response (IL-10); this pro- and anti-inflammatory imbalance may account for the increased morbidity associated with OR.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgical Unit, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rowlands
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homer-Vanniasinkam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016753:Interleukin-10