title: Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis to a nurse demonstrated by means of spoligotyping of a formalin-fixed bronchial biopsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis was diagnosed in a student nurse. The source of infection was unknown and no positive culture was available.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnosis of tuberculous bronchitis was established on the grounds of a positive Mantoux test, the pathology of a bronchial biopsy and the results of a CT scan of the thorax. Spoligotyping of, for example, formalin-fixed tissue makes it possible to establish the diagnosis in a later phase after all.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were not performed for the student nurse and Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the formalin-fixed bronchial biopsy was negative. The final tuberculosis diagnosis was confirmed by a PCR fingerprint technique, i.e., spoligotyping of a formalin-fixed biopsy specimen. By means of contact investigation and identification of the strain via spoligotyping, comparison of the spoligo patterns made it possible to treat both the patient and those infected by this person correctly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When there is a pronounced suspicion of tuberculosis and a microbiological culture is not available, it is recommended that supplementary spoligotyping of clinical specimens be carried out. The purpose is to confirm the diagnosis, trace the presumed source case and indirectly to provide information on the drug susceptibility of the relevant M. tuberculosis strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Gelre hospitals, Location Lukas, P.O. Box 9014, 7300 DS, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands. agm.vd.zanden@wxs.nl
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van der Zanden
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bosje
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Heilmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Soolingen
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000379:methods*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012703:Serotyping / Q000379:methods*; D013338:Students, Nursing; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial