title: Incidence, spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial infections among patients with acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secondary infection of pancreatic necrotic tissue and peripancreatic fluid is a serious complication of acute pancreatitis resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to find out the spectrum of bacterial infections, and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were studied prospectively. Detailed investigations were carried out to identify bacterial infections and their antibiotic sensitivities in patients with suspected infection. These investigations included cultures of various body fluids, throat swabs, indwelling cannula and catheter tips. Pancreatic tissue was obtained by using needle aspiration or at surgery for Gram's stain, culture and sensitivity. All cultures were repeated until the presence of infection was confirmed or excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 169 patients with acute pancreatitis were studied during the period between January 1997 and June 2000 (mean age 41.3 years; 116 males and 53 females). Of the 169 patients, 63 had infections at various sites. A total of 80 cultures were positive, and 12 different bacterial isolates were cultured from samples taken from these 63 patients. Polymicrobial infection was seen in 32% of patients. Twenty-four patients had a confirmed pancreatic infection. Blood cultures had a growth of organisms in 19 patients, with evidence of ongoing or worsening pancreatitis, thus raising a strong suspicion of infected necrosis in them. The commonest organisms were Escherichia coli from 20 cultures and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 18 cultures. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that most bacteria were sensitive to third generation cephalosporins and quinolones; notably among them were cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial infections were seen in 37% of patients with acute pancreatitis. The commonest organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Most bacterial isolates were sensitive to third generation cephalosporins and quinolones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Bohidar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapil
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tandon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002442:Ceftazidime; D002439:Cefotaxime