title: Angiotensin-related genes involved in essential hypertension: allelic distribution in an Italian population sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood pressure is a quantitative multifactorial trait influenced by environmental and genetic determinants. Although several candidate genes have been associated with the development of essential hypertension, the mechanisms of individual susceptibility still remain unclear. Knowledge on the distribution of genetic polymorphisms in different populations is fundamental for the assessment of the predictive value of genetic variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 300 healthy normotensive subjects from the Italian population for three polymorphisms, at the angiotensinogen (AGT, M and T), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATIR, A and C) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, D and I) genes. Polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. Statistical analysis was performed to verify the agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed allelic distribution was in accordance with estimates reported for Caucasian populations. Variant allelic frequencies were 0.36 for the T and C alleles at the AGT andAT1R locus and 0.47 for the I allele of the ACE gene. AT1R and ACE genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while there was a deviation of the AGT genotypes from those predicted by the equation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studied polymorphisms are largely distributed in the Italian population sample, with a frequency of homozygous subjects for mutant alleles ranging from 9 to 22%. Epidemiology of mutations in the genes involved in blood pressure regulation provides tools to evaluate susceptibility to hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Center Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. mamettim@tin.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mettimano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Migneco
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Specchia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romano-Spica
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D007558:Italy; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000235:genetics*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A