title: Orally administered clonidine significantly reduces pain during injection of propofol.
abstract: We examined the analgesic effects of orally administered clonidine on pain induced by injection of propofol (Diprivan; 2,6-diisopropyl phenol). Female patients (n=81) were randomly allocated to one of two groups: oral clonidine (5.5 microg kg(-1)) followed by i.v. propofol and a control group given placebo followed by i.v. propofol. The median pain score in the group receiving clonidine, using a four-point scale (0=no pain, 1=minimal pain, 2=moderate pain, 3=severe pain) was 1 (0-2), significantly lower than in the control group [2 (1-3), median (25-75 percentiles), P<0.001].
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Hakujikai Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wajima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011292:Premedication; D015742:Propofol
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D003000:Clonidine; D015742:Propofol