title: Effects of the nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid and aspirin on micturition in rats with normal and inflamed bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of intravenous administration of the 2 nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors aspirin and 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB) on bladder filling and voiding in anesthetized and conscious rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disappearance of isovolumic bladder contractions after intravenous administration of different doses of aspirin and HTB in anesthetized, transurethrally catheterized rats was evaluated. Cystometry was performed in conscious rats during bladder infusion with saline or diluted acetic acid as well as in those with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis. Changes in bladder capacity and voiding pressure were evaluated after intravenous administration of test compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aspirin induced a dose dependent disappearance of isovolumic bladder contractions in anesthetized rats with an extrapolated dose of 2.1 mg./kg. inducing 10 minutes of bladder quiescence. HTB was practically inactive, inducing a dose independent block of 3 to 4 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 to 10 mg./kg. In conscious rats with a bladder infused with saline aspirin was poorly active on bladder capacity, inducing a 20% increase 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 30 and 100 mg./kg. In rats with a bladder infused with acetic acid aspirin was much more active when injected at the initiation of inflammation and after 1 hour of irritant infusion. In this latter situation aspirin increased bladder capacity up to 60% after intravenous administration of 30 and 100 mg./kg. Similar results were obtained in rats with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis in which the bladder was infused with saline. In these cystometrography models 30 mg./kg. HTB intravenously was completely inactive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that HTB is devoid of significant effects on the micturition reflex in the absence or presence of bladder inflammation, suggesting that acute inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB does not influence bladder urodynamics in rats. In contrast, aspirin, which is a cyclooxygenase and nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor, was always effective, indicating the important role of cyclooxygenase enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research and Development Division, Recordati S. p. A., Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angelico
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarneri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Testa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003556:Cystitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012459:Salicylates; C033502:4-trifluoromethylsalicylic acid; D001241:Aspirin