title: Functional outcomes after supracricoid laryngectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Local control and 5-year survival rates are similar for patients undergoing total laryngectomy and supracricoid laryngectomy for the treatment of advanced-stage laryngeal carcinoma. However, comprehensive studies of functional outcomes after supracricoid laryngectomy are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This investigation provides objective voice laboratory data, skilled listener impressions of voice samples, swallowing evaluations, and patient self-perceptions of speech ability obtained from 10 supracricoid laryngectomees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results demonstrated variable acoustic and speech aerodynamic disturbances, hoarse-breathy vocal quality, and speech dysfluency. Patients' self-perceptions of voice revealed severe dysphonia that induced certain emotional, physical, and functional setbacks. However, blinded judges rated these individuals as possessing intelligible speech and communication skills. All patients demonstrated premature spillage of the bolus and varying degrees of laryngeal penetration, aspiration, and retention during swallowing studies. However, each patient used a compensatory strategy to protect the airway. Voice and swallowing abilities appeared to depend on the mobility of the arytenoid cartilages, base of tongue action, and residual supraglottic tissue for the creation of a competent neoglottal sphincter complex that vibrated during phonation efforts and protected the airway during deglutition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supracricoid laryngectomy avoids the potential complications, limitations, and emotional problems associated with a permanent tracheostoma. All patients demonstrated intelligible voice and effective swallowing function postoperatively, supporting supracricoid laryngectomy as a suitable alternative surgical approach to the total laryngectomy in select patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zacharek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasha
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Meleca
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dworkin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stachler
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garfield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology