title: Hypothalamic amenorrhea. The effects of environmental stresses on the reproductive system: a central effect of the central nervous system.
abstract: Although the treatment of anovulation has become significantly more specialized and complex in the centuries since Hippocrates, a complete understanding of the causes and mechanisms of hypothalamic amenorrhea has not been achieved. Even the best research on hypothalamic amenorrhea is plagued by the lack of longitudinal studies, the use of different exercise models, the difficulty of controlling for caloric intake, and the fact that genetics may have a role in the disorder. Continuing research on metabolic rate, leptin, and other factors will ultimately answer many of the outstanding questions and will help to create better tools for treating this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. mpw1@columbia.edu
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones