title: Determination of DDT and its metabolites in cattle dip soil available in aqueous phase after remediation.
abstract: Soil taken from a former cattle tick dip site in NSW Australia, was remediated with a chemical leaching technology. The pre- and post-remediated soil (20g) was dispersed in water (100mL) and subjected to passive diffusion using polymeric membranes. The remediation reduced tDDT from 1174.3 microg/g to 102.9 microg/g (ash weight basis), which was further reduced to 43.2 microg/g with composting. The membranes accumulated 41.3 microg tDDT/g from the dip soil, 49.2 microg tDDT/g from the chemically leached soil and 3.1 microg tDDT/g from the leached composted soil. The chemical leaching removed over 90% of the tDDT, but released soil bound DDT, which was converted to DDE, while 2.99 microg/g was accumulated by the membranes from dip soil, 37.52 microg/g was accumulated from remediated soil. Composting, however, almost eliminated the availability for passive diffusion by the membranes from 50-60 microg/g in remediated soil to 3 -3.5 microg/g in composted soil. Variability studies of the membranes using eight replicates demonstrated that the accumulation by the membranes was reproducible with an average relative error of 20.3% for p,p'-DDT in soil type two, whilst the lowest average relative error for p,p'-DDE was 4.3%, suggesting that triplicate analyses will achieve acceptable accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Centre of Excellence, NSW Agriculture, Wollongbar NSW, Australia. lukas.van.zwieten@agric.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Zwieten
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Marolt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D008566:Membranes; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D003634:DDT