title: Infiltration of neutrophils following injection of apoptotic cells into the peritoneal cavity.
abstract: It has been assumed that apoptosis leads to no production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in vivo, although the response of macrophages following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in vivo has not been examined. In this study we therefore examined the response to apoptotic cells in vivo. Injection of apoptotic cells into the peritoneal cavity of mice led to transient neutrophil infiltration and concomitant production of MIP-2, a mouse homologue of IL-8. Apoptotic cells were phagocytosed by macrophages, as revealed on two-color flow cytometric analysis and microscopic observation. When the mice were depleted of macrophages by pretreatment with liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene bisphosphonate, both neutrophil infiltration and MIP-2 production were significantly suppressed, suggesting that macrophages are required for MIP-2 production in this in vivo response. These results support the hypothesis that extensive apoptosis occurring rapidly may induce an inflammatory response in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawagishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015846:Monokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008081:Liposomes; D015846:Monokines