title: Hypotension, acidosis, and vasodilatation syndrome post-heart transplant: prognostic variables and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years a syndrome characterized by hypotension, acidosis, and vasodilatation, which we have designated HAV syndrome, has been reported to occur more frequently after heart transplantation (HT), but its pathogenesis is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed consecutive patients undergoing HT between January 1994 and June 1998 (aged 50 +/- 8 years; 87% male; 40% African American; ischemia time, 190 +/- 20 minutes; given triple immunosuppression without anti-lymphocyte antibodies) in 2 groups: 38 (54%) who developed HAV (systemic vascular resistance < or = 800 dines x sec x cm(-5) and serum bicarbonate < or = 20 mEq/liter) and 32 (46%) who did not. To identify causes of HAV, we compared 113 pre-HT donor and recipient variables, 28 peri-HT variables, and 46 post-HT variables between groups. We used Mann-Whitney, Fisher exact, and chi-squared tests to compare variables and to determine significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that HAV patients had significantly greater recipient and donor weight (p = 0.000007 and 0.0017, respectively), longer ischemia times (p = 0.0052), pre-HT use of beta-blockers (p = 0.009), and longer waiting times for HT (p = 0.018). African-American patients had less HAV than Caucasians (p = 0.047). Patients with pre-HT mechanical circulatory assistance had less HAV than pharmacologically treated patients (p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis showed that recipient (p = 0.0004) and donor weight (p = 0.0394) and ischemia time (p = 0.0015) independently predicted HAV and correlated with HAV severity. Deaths at < or =30 days of HT occurred more in patients with (33%) than in those without (15%) HAV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Hypotension, acidosis, and vasodilatation after HT are associated with high mortality. (2) Recipient and donor weights and ischemia time are independent risk factors for HAV. (3) Pre-HT mechanical circulatory assistance and African-American race confer protection against HAV. (4) Because HAV risk factors can be altered, prevention may be possible. Further study is needed to identify the cellular and humoral mediators of HAV.
authors.affiliation: Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chemmalakuzhy
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piccione
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saltzberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heroux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parrillo
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors