title: Is interleukin-3 important in antiphospholipid antibody-mediated pregnancy failure?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of interleukin-3 (IL-3) on trophoblast proliferation and expression of beta2-glycoprotein I.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro cell culture using primary trophoblasts and the cell lines Jeg-3, Jar, and BeWo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with normal pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Increasing amounts of IL-3 were added to cultures of primary human trophoblasts, cell lines, or cells treated with a proliferation inhibiting antiphospholipid-like antibody. RNA was extracted from primary human trophoblasts or cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined basal and IL-3-stimulated cellular proliferation by [3H] thymidine incorporation assay and secretion of beta2-glycoprotein I into culture medium by semiquantitative immunoblot analysis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to demonstrate the presence of IL-3 receptor transcripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-3 treatment did not induce proliferation of highly purified primary trophoblast cultures or cell lines but did induce proliferation of contaminating CD45+ cells in trophoblast cultures. The IL-3 did not overcome the antiproliferative effect of an antiphospholipid-like monoclonal antibody on trophoblast. Secretion of beta2-glycoprotein I by trophoblast cultures was time dependent but unaltered by IL-3 treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results question the proposed importance of IL-3 in antiphospholipid antibody-mediated fetal death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, National Women's Hospital, Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand. l.chamley@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chamley
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Konarkowska
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Duncalf
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007377:Interleukin-3; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I