title: Determination of hepatitis B virus genotype G by polymerase chain reaction with hemi-nested primers.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into six genotypes designated A-F by sequence divergence in the entire genome exceeding 8%. Very recently, the seventh genotype was reported and named genotype G. HBV genotype G is distinct from genomes of the other six genotypes in that it possesses an insertion of 36 nucleotides in the core gene, and has been found so far in France and the United States. A method for determining HBV genotype G was developed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers deduced from the 36-nucleotide (nt) insertion in five isolates of HBV genotype G the sequences of which have been deposited in DNA databases. The validity of this method, for specifically detecting HBV genotype G, was verified on a panel consisting of 142 HBV isolates of six major genotypes and four of genotype G. A total of 540 sera containing HBV in Japan covering symptom free carriers and patients with a spectrum of chronic liver disease were tested by this method, but not a single HBV genotype G sample was found. A possible method for serological determination of hepatitis B surface antigen of genotype G is suggested, without amplification or sequencing nucleotides, which would expand epidemiological and clinical researches on HBV genotype G.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orito
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugauchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gish
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizokami
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017931:DNA Primers; D000939:Epitopes; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C050806:presurface protein 1, hepatitis B surface antigen; C050807:presurface protein 2, hepatitis B surface antigen