title: A multistep process for the dispersal of a Y chromosomal lineage in the Mediterranean area.
abstract: In this work we focus on a microsatellite-defined Y-chromosomal lineage (network 1.2) identified by us and reported in previous studies, whose geographic distribution and antiquity appear to be compatible with the Neolithic spread of farmers. Here, we set network 1.2 in the Y-chromosomal phylogenetic tree, date it with respect to other lineages associated with the same movements by other authors, examine its diversity by means of tri- and tetranucleotide loci and discuss the implications in reconstructing the spread of this group of chromosomes in the Mediterranean area. Our results define a tripartite phylogeny within HG 9 (Rosser et al. 2000), with the deepest branching defined by alleles T (Haplogroup Eu10) or G (Haplogroup Eu9) at M172 (Semino et al. 2000), and a subsequent branching within Eu9 defined by network 1.2. Population distributions of HG 9 and network 1.2 show that their occurrence in the surveyed area is not due to the spread of people from a single parental population but, rather, to a process punctuated by at least two phases. Our data identify the wide area of the Balkans, Aegean and Anatolia as the possible homeland harbouring the largest variation within network 1.2. The use of recently proposed tests based on the stepwise mutation model suggests that its spread was associated to a population expansion, with a high rate of male gene flow in the Turkish-Greek area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malaspina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsopanomichalou
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giparaki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plata
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kozlov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbujani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vernesi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciavarella
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kovatchev
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kerimova
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anagnou
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gavrila
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Veneziano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loutradis
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Michalodimitrakis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terrenato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novelletto
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001211:Asia, Western; D004534:Egypt; D005060:Europe; D018703:Founder Effect; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*