title: Transgenic rescue implicates beta2-microglobulin as a diabetes susceptibility gene in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes in both humans and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice results from T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Linkage studies have shown that type 1 diabetes in NOD mice is a polygenic disease involving more than 15 chromosomal susceptibility regions. Despite extensive investigation, the identification of individual susceptibility genes either within or outside the major histocompatibility complex region has proven problematic because of the limitations of linkage analysis. In this paper, we provide evidence implicating a single diabetes susceptibility gene, which lies outside the major histocompatibility complex region. Using allelic reconstitution by transgenic rescue, we show that NOD mice expressing the beta(2) microglobulin (beta(2)M)(a) allele develop diabetes, whereas NOD mice expressing a murine beta(2)M(b) or human allele are protected. The murine beta(2)M(a) allele differs from the beta(2)M(b) allele only at a single amino acid. Mechanistic studies indicate that the absence of the NOD beta(2)M(a) isoform on nonhematopoietic cells inhibits the development or activation of diabetogenic T cells.
authors.affiliation: John Curtin School of Medical Research, P.O. Box 334, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hamilton-Williams
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Serreze
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marron
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mullbacher
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Slattery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD / Q000276:immunology*; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin