title: Sinusitis complicated by meningitis: current management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meningitis is the most common intracranial complication of sinusitis. We review the incidence, current management, outcomes, and complications of this serious infection. Our study also examines the evolving roles of endoscopic sinus surgery and other new therapeutic and diagnostic modalities in our armamentarium.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed at a tertiary academic medical center of all patients diagnosed with sinusitis with complications between January 1985 and December 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were divided into two main groups: intracranial versus orbital complications. Meningitis was the most common intracranial complication. Data on patients with sinusitis and meningitis were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracranial complications were present in 39 of 82 patients whereas orbital complications were noted in 43 patients. Twenty-one of the 39 intracranial complications were meningitis. The most common computed tomography finding in adults (54%) was sphenoid sinusitis. All patients with AIDS (6 of 21) had unique cryptococcus meningitis. In patients without AIDS, the most common organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (10 of 21). The most common sequela was seizure disorder (4 of 21). Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed on 7 of 21 patients. One patient with AIDS who had sinusitis and meningitis died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meningitis as a complication of sinusitis may still pose a serious threat. Although outcomes are encouraging, sequelae such as seizure disorders and hearing loss are common complications. The introduction of high-resolution computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging and the availability of wide-spectrum antibiotics have improved our management significantly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, U.S.A. ryounis@surgery.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Childress
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D015524:Sphenoid Sinusitis / Q000150:complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed