A stage planning programme model for health education/health promotion practice.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the validity of a stage planning programme model for health education/health promotion practice in nursing settings and to develop a specific model for this purpose. Background/rationale. The last decade or so has seen a marked increase in the amount of health educational/health promotional activities that nurses are expected to undertake. This has followed concerted calls to make health promotion a familiar and recognized part of nursing practice. Despite this, however, current health-related practices are still unstructured, haphazard and under-evaluated. This state of affairs is further compounded by the lack of any generic and systematic nursing planning process model by which health education/health promotion programmes are applied in practice. This paper puts forward the case for such a model, develops it, and demonstrates its possible application in clinical settings.


METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted in order to develop a new theoretical perspective for health promotion/health education nursing practice. The proposed model has evolved from this new perspective. The process of developing this model has drawn on existing contemporary planning models--using them as a means to develop a conceptual framework. Consequently, the proposed model seeks to critique, adapt and adopt some of their components within a nursing context.


CONCLUSIONS
If the current situation continues, in which planning process models are not adopted as a routine part of practice, then nursing may well remain a "bystander" in health promotion/health education.
Whitehead
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Institute of Health Studies, University of Plymouth (Exeter), Earl Richards Road North, Exeter, Devon EX2 6AS, UK. dwhitehead@plymouth.ac.uk
D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D016294:Models, Nursing; D008960:Models, Psychological; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010934:Planning Techniques; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards