title: Blood-retinal barrier breakdown in experimental coronavirus retinopathy: association with viral antigen, inflammation, and VEGF in sensitive and resistant strains.
abstract: Intraocular coronavirus inoculation results in a biphasic retinal disease in susceptible mice (BALB/c) characterized by an acute inflammatory response, followed by retinal degeneration associated with autoimmune reactivity. Resistant mice (CD-1), when similarly inoculated, only develop the early phase of the disease. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown occurs in the early phase in both strains, coincident with the onset of inflammation. As the inflammation subsides, the extent of retinal vascular leakage is decreased, indicating that BRB breakdown in experimental coronavirus retinopathy (ECOR) is primarily due to inflammation rather than to retinal cell destruction. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is upregulated only in susceptible mice during the secondary (retinal degeneration) phase.
authors.affiliation: 825 Maumenee Building, Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-9289, USA. svinores@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vinores
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vinores
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Derevjanik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Detrick
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hooks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D006517:Murine hepatitis virus / Q000276:immunology*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012173:Retinitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D012709:Serum Albumin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor