title: Neuroblastoma with concomitant giardiasis: report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnosis of two pathologies, including a neoplasm and infectious condition, by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the same patient is rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year-old, male child presented with fever, abdominal pain and abdominal mass. Imaging findings were strongly in favor of a neuroblastoma. FNA smears from the mass revealed fecal material containing numerous trophozoites of Giardia lamblia. FNA was repeated in view of the imaging findings. Repeat smears showed a small round cell tumor with rosettes and background filamentous/fibrillar material consistent with a neuroblastoma. Chemotherapy reduced the mass considerably. Histopathology of the resected residual mass revealed a ganglioneuroma in addition to remnants of neuroblastoma. The patient was free of disease two years after the initiation of chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When FNA cytology shows an infectious pathology in the clinical and imaging setting of a tumor, FNA should be repeated so that an important component of the diagnosis is not missed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chachra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*