title: Case-referent survey of young adults with mesothelioma: II. Occupational analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study aimed to identify occupations at increased risk of developing mesothelioma in persons aged 50 yr or less, and to relate these occupations to lung tissue concentration of asbestos fibres by type. In this age group it was thought that most, but not all, work-related exposures would have been since 1970, when the importation of crocidolite, but not amosite, was virtually eliminated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible cases were sought from recent reports by chest physicians to the SWORD occupational disease surveillance scheme. Work histories were obtained for 115 men and 13 women, usually with the help of the chest physicians or coroners. Jobs were coded by the Office of National Statistics, so that the observed years spent in each occupation could be compared with expected values from census data, 1960-90. Lung tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 69 male and four female cases, and mineral fibres identified, sized and counted by electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 37 industrial occupations analysed, odds ratios were significantly raised in eight: five in the construction industry and the others in shipbuilding, the manufacture of cement products and the manufacture of non-metallic mineral products (including asbestos). The concentrations in lung of crocidolite and amosite fibres, which together could account for 80-90% of cases, did not differ between occupational categories; those for amosite were appreciably higher than for crocidolite. Tremolite fibres were rarely found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mesothelioma in this young age group is dominated by carpenters, plumbers, electricians and insulators in the construction industry, and is mainly attributable to amphibole exposure. Work in shipbuilding and manufacture of mineral products was less important than in earlier studies. Contrary to expectation, however, some 90% of cases were in men who had started work before 1970.
authors.affiliation: National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK. c.mcdonald@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Pooley
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rudd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D019016:Mineral Fibers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019016:Mineral Fibers; D001194:Asbestos