title: Development of progressive pulmonary interstitial and intra-alveolar cholesterol granulomas (PICG) associated with therapy-resistant chronic systemic juvenile arthritis (CJA).
abstract: A girl aged 5 years with therapy-resistant chronic systemic juvenile arthritis (CJA) developed progressive fibrosing lung disease. Histology of an open lung biopsy revealed pulmonary interstitial and intra-alveolar cholesterol granulomas (PICG). Since treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs did not prevent progression of lung fibrosis, an experimental treatment with a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) antagonist etanercept was started. Although development of chronic changes in the lung parenchyma could not be prevented, this treatment brought considerable relief and markedly improved the child's physical capacity. By ruling out other causes for development of PICG, we concluded that the primary disease had caused the development of cholesterol granulomata by macrophage activation. We suggest, therefore, that a trial with etanercept in children with otherwise therapy-resistant CJA should be considered, especially if pulmonary complications have developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. llrusc@uta.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gappa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verronen
mesh_terms: D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol; D018450:Disease Progression; D000068800:Etanercept; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D002784:Cholesterol; D000068800:Etanercept