title: Two phases of increased cell death in the inner retina following early elimination of the ganglion cell population.
abstract: Neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina undergo considerable programmed cell death during development, but the determinants of this cell death remain largely unknown. The present study examines the role of retinal ganglion cells in support of INL neurons in the developing ferret retina. The retinal ganglion cell population was eliminated by optic nerve transection at postnatal day (P) 2, and the incidence of cell death was examined using terminal deoxytransferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) at various ages during the first 3 postnatal weeks. Significant increases in TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the neuroblast layer (NBL) as early as P3, prior to synapse formation within the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and again in the INL at P22, the normal peak of naturally occurring cell death within the ferret's INL. A decrease in TUNEL-positive cells was found in the NBL at P8. These results show three phases of response to the loss of retinal ganglion cells and suggest that cells in the NBL/INL are normally dependent on retinal ganglion cells for their survival. Recent studies have shown that certain populations of retinal neurons are reduced in adult animals that had lost the population of ganglion cells during early development, so the present study also examined when this reduction could first be detected. The number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive amacrine cells was decreased significantly in the NBL of the manipulated eye as early as P8, when we could first label this population, and this difference persisted through adulthood. The fact that cell death in the NBL has already increased within 24 hours of ganglion cell elimination, coupled with the specificity of this effect on the adult complement of INL cell types, shows that cell-cell interactions controlling survival are already highly specific for particular types of retinal neuron early in development
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cusato
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Stagg
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Reese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D005289:Ferrets; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism*