title: Orthotopic liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis and cryptogenic chronic hepatitis in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and cryptogenic chronic hepatitis (CCH) are important causes of liver failure in children, frequently necessitating orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aim of this study is to review disease progression and potential differences between subgroups of children with AIH and CCH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 65 children diagnosed with AIH or CCH between 1980 and 1998 were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at presentation was 9 years, 8 months (range 4 months-19 years), and the median follow-up period was 8 years (range 3 months-18 years, 10 months). Forty-one patients (63%) were female. Twenty-eight patients were Hispanic, 28 were Caucasian, 8 were African-American, and 1 was Asian. Forty-three patients (66%) were diagnosed with type 1 AIH, 8 (12%) with type 2 AIH, and 14 (22%) with CCH. Forty patients (62%) underwent OLT (51% of those with type 1 AIH, 75% of those with type 2 AIH, and 86% of those with CCH). Thirteen (33%) of the transplanted patients experienced disease recurrence. African-American patients experienced a significantly higher rate of disease recurrence post-OLT than did Hispanic patients. Seven patients (11%) died, two without OLT, and five posttransplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AIH and CCH frequently necessitate OLT in children. CCH is a more aggressive disease than Type 1 AIH among children with these disorders. Ethnicity influences the rate of disease recurrence after liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, 12-383 MDCC, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA. rbahar@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bahar
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Yanni
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: McDiarmid
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gershman
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Tipton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nanjundiah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ament
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome