Present status of approval procedures in the EU member states and Switzerland.
The European Union Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM requires that 'individual monitoring shall be ... based on individual measurements which are established by an approved dosimetric service' and that 'Each Member State shall make arrangements to recognise, as appropriate, the capacity of ... approved dosimetric services'. At present, approval of dosimetric services does not have the same meaning within EU Member States and Switzerland. In some countries, service and dosemeter approval is clearly separated, in some others only one of the two is supposed to be tested, and in others no approval is required. Dosimetric requirements and criteria are based on different international documents (e.g. IEC, ISO, ANSI, CEC report) or national specific rules. Approval frequency can be once, every 2 or more years. Approval can be based on either evaluation of technical and management reports, irradiation tests, inspection on-site or the three steps together. In most cases, approval involves photon dosimetry while beta and neutron dosimetry test procedures are not as well established. However, comparisons may lead to some convergent evolution of procedures and to a greater degree of harmonisation and quality consolidation.
Fantuzzi
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ENEA, Institute for Radiation Protection, via dei Colli n. 16, 40136 Bologna, Italy. fantuzzi@bologna.enea.it
Ambrosi
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Bartlett
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de Carvalho
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Delgado
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Lindborg
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D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011786:Quality Control; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013557:Switzerland; D017749:Total Quality Management