title: Construct design for efficient, effective and high-throughput gene silencing in plants.
abstract: Post-transcriptional silencing of plant genes using anti-sense or co-suppression constructs usually results in only a modest proportion of silenced individuals. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for constructs encoding self-complementary 'hairpin' RNA (hpRNA) to efficiently silence genes. In this study we examine design rules for efficient gene silencing, in terms of both the proportion of independent transgenic plants showing silencing, and the degree of silencing. Using hpRNA constructs containing sense/anti-sense arms ranging from 98 to 853 nt gave efficient silencing in a wide range of plant species, and inclusion of an intron in these constructs had a consistently enhancing effect. Intron-containing constructs (ihpRNA) generally gave 90-100% of independent transgenic plants showing silencing. The degree of silencing with these constructs was much greater than that obtained using either co-suppression or anti-sense constructs. We have made a generic vector, pHANNIBAL, that allows a simple, single PCR product from a gene of interest to be easily converted into a highly effective ihpRNA silencing construct. We have also created a high-throughput vector, pHELLSGATE, that should facilitate the cloning of gene libraries or large numbers of defined genes, such as those in EST collections, using an in vitro recombinase system. This system may facilitate the large-scale determination and discovery of plant gene functions in the same way as RNAi is being used to examine gene function in Caenorhabditis elegans.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Wesley
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Helliwell
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Gooding
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Stoutjesdijk
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gleave
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Waterhouse
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007438:Introns; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012275:Oryza; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D015347:RNA Probes; D012326:RNA Splicing; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012107:Research Design; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D015347:RNA Probes; D016372:RNA, Antisense