title: The use of the 'TRAM' flap in some oncological problems.
abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap in immediate autologous soft tissue coverage of the large wound defect that results from some oncological problems and would be impossible to close by direct primary sutures. The study included patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) (n = 24), post-mastectomy local recurrence (n = 10), post-mastectomy irradiation ulcer (n = 4), recurrent fibrosarcoma of the chest wall (n = 1), and a huge ulcerating malignant melanoma of the groin region (n = 1). All patients were female except for the patient with melanoma. Their ages ranged between 39-73 years with an average of 56.2 years. The lower TRAM flap was used in 24 patients and the middle in only six. Mesh re-inforcement of the abdominal wall was adopted in 14 patients (35%). The mean operating time was 2.5 h and the average postoperative hospital stay was 9.7 days (range, 7-12 days). Six patients (15%) had partial flap necrosis which healed after debridement and secondary sutures, and eight patients had wound sepsis (20%). No patient suffered from abdominal herniation, although four patients (10%) had an epigastric bulge postoperatively. During the 48.5 month follow-up period (range 36-56 months), three cases of local recurrence and four cases of distant metastases were encountered in the patients with LABC. Three of the latter died at 7, 11 and 12 months postoperatively. Based on these data, it may be concluded that the results of the TRAM flap for immediate coverage of the large post-extirpation defect in different oncological problems have been encouraging. No flaps were lost, no abdominal herniation was encountered, and overall complications were minimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Azarita, Egypt.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: El-Hammadi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: El-Sharaky
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006119:Groin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology