title: Postpartum return to smoking among usual smokers who quit during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many women stop smoking while they are pregnant, but the majority resume smoking in the postpartum. The objective is to describe postpartum tobacco use of women who quit during pregnancy and factors predicting postpartum smoking relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of two surveys of new mothers. Survey A conducted in three maternity hospitals, including 685 women interviewed after birth and who answered a postal questionnaire at 5 months postpartum; survey B conducted in four 'départements' (administrative areas), including 636 women who answered a postal questionnaire at 6 months postpartum. Response rates were respectively 90% and 68%. Smoking status was recorded for three time periods: before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and at 5-6 months. Social characteristics and preventive behaviour were compared for regular smokers who had quit smoking during pregnancy and those who had not, and among quitters, who had resumed smoking postpartum and those who had not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In survey A, 37% were smokers before pregnancy, 34% of them stopped during pregnancy, and among the latter, 48% had resumed smoking 5-6 months after delivery. In survey B, the percentages were respectively 43, 54 and 57%. The most predictive factor of postpartum smoking relapse was the partner's smoking behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Return to smoking after delivery is frequent, but nearly half of the regular smokers who had stopped during pregnancy were still non-smokers 5-6 months after the birth. However, to increase this proportion, interventions need to include partners, especially if they are smokers.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 149, Epidemiological Research on Women's Health and Perinatal Health, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lelong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Saurel-Cubizolles
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bouvier-Colle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires