title: Flounder antifreeze peptides increase the efficacy of cryosurgery.
abstract: Type I antifreeze protein (AFP) from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) was used as an adjuvant to cryosurgery of subcutaneous tumors of Dunning AT-1 rat prostate cells grown in Copenhagen rats. The cryosurgical procedure was performed with a commercially available cryosurgery device (CRYO-HIT, Galil Medical) with clinically relevant single- and double-freeze protocols. Injury was assessed with the alamar blue indicator of metabolic activity. The assay gave anomalous results when used to assess the extent of injury immediately following the procedure, underestimating the extent of injury. However, a double-freeze procedure with antifreeze protein present was found to give significantly better ablation than a double-freeze without AFP or a single-freeze with or without AFP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muldrew
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rewcastle
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Saliken
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baissalov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021301:Antifreeze Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005432:Flounder; D007053:Ice; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D007053:Ice