title: Cellular proliferation and leukocyte infiltration in the rabbit cornea after photorefractive keratectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To map the proliferative activity of corneal cells during wound healing following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and to compare two markers for proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  PRK, 5- mm in diameter with a -6 D setting, was performed in one eye of 28 New Zealand White Rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed at time points between 12 hours and three months after surgery. The treated and fellow corneas were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, paraffin embedded, and immunohistochemically stained for proliferate cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and at one time point, 1 week, also for Ki-67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following initial sliding of the epithelial cells, the proliferative activity in the wound area starts in the leading edge (24 hours) and is spread towards the periphery. The proliferative activity peaks after one week and subsides during the following two weeks. Early (24 hours) proliferative activity is also seen in the limbal epithelium which peaks after three days. The keratocytes express PCNA in the peripheral stroma 48 hours after injury. They then also migrate to repopulate the stroma under the wound area. The expression period lasts 1 week and subsides the following week. Leukocytes are found in the wound as early as 12 hours after injury. The cells disappear around the time of epithelial wound closure, i.e. after 3 days. The two proliferative markers PCNA and KI 67 show a similar distribution after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epithelial proliferative activity starts earlier after injury, and is preceded by leukocyte presence in the wound. The PCNA expression starts later in the keratocytes but lasts somewhat longer (3 weeks). PCNA expression appears more efficient than Ki-67 to show proliferative activity of slow cycling cells in the cornea
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. lisha-gan@ood.ki.se
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamberg-Nyström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fagerholm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Setten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen