title: Evaluation of antiparkinsonian drugs in pharmacy records as a marker for Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether use of antiparkinsonian drugs in pharmacy records can be used as a marker for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the Rotterdam Study, a community-based prospective cohort study among people aged 55 years or older who were all screened for PD. For 5510 persons, of whom 74 had PD, pharmacy records were available. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate whether age, sex and use of the antiparkinsonian drugs amantadine, anticholinergics, dopamine agonists, levodopa and selegiline, were predictive variables for PD. For each individual a probability for having PD was calculated. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated at different cut-off values based on calculated probabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 90% of the users of levodopa, bromocriptine, selegiline, and users of at least two different antiparkinsonian drugs had PD. Age, use of amantadine, anticholinergics, bromocriptine, levodopa, and selegiline were predictive variables for PD. After application of different cut-off values, sensitivity was at most 66.2%, and specificity was at least 99.8%. A PPV of higher than 90% was obtained at higher probabilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the high PPV of our predictive model, antiparkinsonian drugs can be used as a reliable marker for PD in pharmacy records. Because sensitivity is low, pharmacy records cannot be used to estimate prevalence of PD.
authors.affiliation: Utrecht University, Department of Pharmaco-epidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands. D.A.M.C.vandeVijver@pharm.uu.nl
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: van de Vijver
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Porsius
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents