Inflammatory markers in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia.
Inflammation has been involved in the pathogenesis of dementia. The study evaluates the presence and the source of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), multi-infarct dementia (MID) or in non-demented elderly people (controls). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and soluble TNF receptor I (sTNF-RI) plasma concentrations and release from blood cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microg/ml) were determined. The results show that TNF-alpha released from blood cells is significantly decreased (27%) in all demented patients compared to controls. Circulating TNF-alpha is increased (400%) only in MID patients. In these patients plasma levels of sTNF-RI are increased (53%) and IL-10 from stimulated blood cells decreased (47%) compared to non-demented subjects. The results show that: (1) peripheral production of TNF-alpha is blunted in demented (both AD and MID) patients compared to non-demented age-matched subjects; (2) AD patients have a selective disregulation of the peripheral TNF-alpha system; (3) different cytokines are up- or down- regulated in MID patients showing that in this condition the pro- and anti-inflammatory peripheral cytokine system is more widely affected.
De Luigi
A
A
Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Insitute for Pharmacological Research, Via Eritrea, 62, 20157, Milano, Italy.
Fragiacomo
C
C
Lucca
U
U
Quadri
P
P
Tettamanti
M
M
Grazia De Simoni
M
M
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D015161:Dementia, Multi-Infarct / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha