title: Changes in neurocognitive performance in a cohort of patients treated with HAART for 3 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe changes in HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study of comprehensive neuropsychologic (NP) testing, neurologic examination, and laboratory measures before HAART and after 6, 15 and 45 months of HAART, on 28 consecutive patients seen in our department since April 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 16 patients were neurocognitively impaired and 12 were not. Among the 16 impaired patients, 5 patients failed to meet the criteria for impairment after 6 months and 9 patients after both 15 and 45 months of HAART, respectively. Statistically significant improvements ( p < or =.01) were seen in two of six measures exploring the concentration and speed of mental processing, two of three measures exploring mental flexibility, in one of five measures exploring memory, and in two of two measures exploring fine motor functions. Unimpaired study subjects performed better than impaired ones in 10 of 17 measures at baseline, in eight of 17 after 6 months, in six of 17 after 15 months, and in seven of 17 after 45 months of HAART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the course of HAART, patients experienced a positive and sustained improvement in their neurocognitive performance. However, the presence of 7 of 16 (43.7%) patients with neurocognitive impairment, and the persistence of statistically significant differences in the neurocognitive performance between impaired and unimpaired patients after more than 3 years of HAART, suggests that ongoing HIV-related neurologic damage can occur even during potent antiretroviral treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Division of Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balestra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galgani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Narciso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sampaolesi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giulianelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ippolito
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests