title: Imperative indications for conservative surgery for renal cell carcinoma: 20 years' experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radical nephrectomy is the treatment of first choice for unilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with a healthy contralateral kidney; however, the current standard for dealing with RCC in patients with a solitary kidney, bilateral tumor and renal or systemic disease inducing a progressive impairment of renal function is nephron-sparing surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1974 and July 1996, 62 patients (39 men and 23 women, 33-77 years old, mean age 60.6 years) with RCC underwent nephron-sparing surgery. The patients were divided in to two groups according to treatment indication: 46 patients with bilateral tumor (n = 21) or solitary kidney (n = 25) and 16 patients with renal or systemic disease that could damage the contralateral kidney. Survival curves were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meyer method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first group 3 patients died postoperatively, and 3 were lost to follow-up; 12 patients (27.9%) had malignant recurrence and 5 (11.6%) died of local recurrence or systemic diffusion. The probability of local or systemic tumor recurrence was 9.9% at 2 years, 20.2% at 5 years and 24.7% at 10 years; the probability of survival was 100% at 2 years, 91.9% at 5 years and 81.9% at 10 years. In the second group 3 patients died of unrelated causes and 1 was lost to follow-up; 4 patients (25%) had a malignant recurrence and 2 (12.5%) died of systemic diffusion of RCC. The probability of tumor recurrence was 13.0% at 2 years, 19.7% at 5 years and 26.4% at 10 years, the probability of survival was 100% at 2 years, 93.3% at 5 years and 86.1% at 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience nephron-sparing surgery seems justified in patients with a solitary kidney, bilateral tumor or a disease that potentially damages renal function. Tumor diameter and stage, incidental or symptomatic tumor presentation and specific indication for conservative surgery determine the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gacci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stefanucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged