title: Successful endoscopical sealing of malignant esophageotracheal fistulae by using a covered self-expandable stenting system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Any treatment of tracheo-esophageal fistulae in end-stage malignant stenosis of the esophagus must be weighed against associated morbidity and mortality. In a prospective study we investigated benefits and risks of the use of one type of coated, self-expandable stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated four male and two female patients, (mean age 68.3 years, range: 38-90 years), with malignant esophago-tracheal fistula non-resectable due to advanced tumour stage and/or functional reasons. All were in a poor general condition suffering from aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. Four out of the six patients had had one or multiple extra- or endoluminal palliative treatments at a mean interval of 191 days (range: 7 days-15 ms) since the last intervention. The fistulae were sealed by using a covered, self-expandable stent (ULTRAFLEX esophageal stent system, Microinvasive, Boston Scientific Corporation, Boston, MA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stenting did not cause any technical problems and all fistulae were successfully sealed in a one-step procedure. The median hospital stay was 4.6 days (range: 3-9 days). Except for one late stent induced recurrent fistula treated by re-stenting and tracheostomy, we did not observe any stent associated complications. Five patients died of tumour generalization. The median survival of the patients who died was 78 days (range: 35-129 days). One patient is alive and well at 120 days after stenting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of the small number of patients the results suggest that this type of stent represents a safe and efficient approach for palliative endoscopic treatment of this high risk group. Local pretreatment does not preclude the successful use of the self-expandable coated stent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, University Medical School of Graz, Graz, Austria. florian.tomaselli@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomaselli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sankin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woltsche
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinter
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Smolle-Jüttner
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D015607:Stents; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible