title: Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: report of 3 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, approximately 43 cases of hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola have been reported, most of which have been sporadic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe 3 patients with this dermatosis who were encountered in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Dermatology at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, within a 1-year period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola may be more common than what has been reported in the literature. We propose a revised classification for the condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. derm@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehanna
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Malak
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kibbi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007642:Keratosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D009558:Nipples