title: CRM1 mediates the export of ADAR1 through a nuclear export signal within the Z-DNA binding domain.
abstract: RNA editing of specific residues by adenosine deamination is a nuclear process catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR). Different promoters in the ADAR1 gene give rise to two forms of the protein: a constitutive promoter expresses a transcript encoding (c)ADAR1, and an interferon-induced promoter expresses a transcript encoding an N-terminally extended form, (i)ADAR1. Here we show that (c)ADAR1 is primarily nuclear whereas (i)ADAR1 encompasses a functional nuclear export signal in the N-terminal part and is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein. Mutation of the nuclear export signal or treatment with the CRM1-specific drug leptomycin B induces nuclear accumulation of (i)ADAR1 fused to the green fluorescent protein and increases the nuclear editing activity. In concurrence, CRM1 and RanGTP interact specifically with the (i)ADAR1 nuclear export signal to form a tripartite export complex in vitro. Furthermore, our data imply that nuclear import of (i)ADAR1 is mediated by at least two nuclear localization sequences. These results suggest that the nuclear editing activity of (i)ADAR1 is modulated by nuclear export.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Damgaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egebjerg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjems
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D010802:Phylogeny; D017393:RNA Editing; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D028884:Karyopherins; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; C038753:leptomycin B