title: 17-beta-estradiol alters Jurkat lymphocyte cell cycling and induces apoptosis through suppression of Bcl-2 and cyclin A.
abstract: In this investigation, the effects and potential mechanisms of female sex steroid action on proliferation, cell cycling, and apoptosis in Jurkat CD4 + T lymphocytes were examined. 17-beta-Estradiol (estrogen) inhibited Jurkat T cell proliferation, stimulated accumulation of cells in S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis over 72 h in a dose-dependent manner. 4-Pregnene-3,20-dione (progesterone) did not induce redistribution of the cells in the cell cycle but did induce cytostasis and slightly increased apoptosis. Simultaneous staining with anti-BrDU and propidium iodide indicated that estrogen-treated Jurkat T cells proceeded through S phase prior to apoptosis. Progesterone halted cell cycle progression; cells did not progress through S phase or incorporate BrDU. Both hormones decreased the percentage of cells in S or G2/M expressing cyclin A protein, but did not affect cyclin D protein expression. Cyclin A mRNA was markedly decreased by estrogen. Bcl-2 protein and mRNA were also reduced in estrogen but not progesterone-treated Jurkat T lymphocytes. This data shows that high concentrations of estrogen or progesterone significantly suppress lymphoproliferation in association with suppression of cyclin A. Additionally, bcl-2 protein levels were suppressed in association with estrogen-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrate direct, hormone-specific effects on lymphocytes that may provide insight into their role in immunomodulation or the development of autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505, USA. jjenkins@medicine.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suwannaroj
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Elbourne
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ndebele
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McMurray
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015347:RNA Probes
chemical_list: D019925:Cyclin A; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D015347:RNA Probes; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol