title: A hallmark of active class switch recombination: transcripts directed by I promoters on looped-out circular DNAs.
abstract: To specify when and where Ig class switch recombination (CSR) takes place, a good molecular marker closely associated with active CSR is required. CSR is accompanied by deletion of circular DNA from the Ig heavy chain locus. The circular DNA contains a DNA segment between Smu and a target S region including its I promoter, which is driven by specific cytokine stimulation before CSR. We found that the specific I promoter is still active in looped-out circular DNA and directs production of I-Cmu transcripts termed "circle transcripts." Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated transient induction of specific circle transcripts upon CSR in a murine lymphoma cell line, CH12F3-2A, as well as spleen B cells. Production of the circle transcripts appeared to depend on expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an essential factor for CSR. A comparison of kinetics between circle transcripts and circular DNA showed more rapid disappearance of circle transcripts. Thus, circle transcripts may serve as a hallmark for active CSR in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harigai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fagarasan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000235:genetics*; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase