title: A new in vitro model for the study of microbial microleakage around dental restorations: a preliminary qualitative evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model to replicate microbial microleakage at a tooth/ restoration interface using a constant depth film fermentor (CDFF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Amalgam restorations were placed in machined bovine dentine cylinders and sealed externally with varnish, leaving a 1-mm perimeter exposed around the tooth/restoration interface. The dentine cylinders were housed in a CDFF and 300-microm thick microcosm dental plaques were grown over their exposed surfaces. The biofilms were maintained with a mucin-containing artificial saliva for up to 8 weeks. Cylinders were aseptically removed from the CDFF (at 1, 2, 4, & 8 weeks) and surface-decontaminated with validated protocols prior to splitting and sampling of apposing amalgam and dentine surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to ascertain the position and structure of the bacterial aggregates. Bacterial viability was determined by vital staining of the bacteria in situ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all sampling times, SEM showed cocci, rods and filaments on both amalgam and dentine surfaces; some originated as cascades from the surface biofilm and extended into the tooth/restoration microspace. Vital staining showed the majority of bacteria from both dentine and amalgam surfaces to be viable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary investigation showed that the CDFF may be a valuable tool for the in vitro study of the dynamics of microbial microleakage around dental restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matharu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Spratt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pratten
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mordan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulabivala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009077:Mucins / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D009077:Mucins; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D003723:Dental Amalgam