title: [Identification of commercial Chinese medicine ziwan].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Commercial samples of Ziwan have been investigated and identified to find out the original species in circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative histological and morphological identification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main original plant species are Aster tataricus, Ligularia fischeri, L. hodgsonii, L. intermedia, L. wilsoniana, L. sibirica var. araneosa, L. veitchiana and L. caloxantha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The root and rhizome of A. tataricus are used as Ziwan in most areas of China; but those of Ligularia species are used as Ziwan(named Shanziwan) in southwest, and part of northwest and northeast areas of China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210038.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D019659:Asteraceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification; D002681:China; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010598:Pharmacognosy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal