title: Cytochrome c release is upstream to activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 in the enhanced apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells induced by manumycin and paclitaxel.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that the combination of a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, manumycin A, and paclitaxel had a synergistic antineoplastic effect on anaplastic thyroid cancer. In this study we investigated the apoptosis pathway involved. In ARO and KAT-4 cells, manumycin- plus paclitaxel-induced DNA fragmentation was blocked by the inhibitors of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3. The drug combination enhanced the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 and cytochrome c release into the cytosol. Cytochrome c release was not affected by the inhibitors of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3. In a cell-free reconstitution assay, DNA fragmentation occurred after incubating nuclei purified from untreated KAT-4 cells with deoxy-ATP, exogenous cytochrome c and S-100 extracts from control KAT-4 cells, and also after incubation of purified KAT-4 nuclei with S-100 extracts from KAT-4 cells treated with manumycin-plus-paclitaxel. In both cases, the DNA fragmentation was blocked by the inhibitors of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3. We concluded that the cytochrome c release was upstream of the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 in the enhanced apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells treated with manumycin plus paclitaxel, and that the interaction between manumycin and paclitaxel occurred at or upstream of cytochrome c in the apoptosis regulatory pathway in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011090:Polyenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011090:Polyenes; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; C054474:manumycin; D017239:Paclitaxel