title: Development and validation of a method using on-line solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of bisphenol A, octylphenol, and nonylphenol in groundwater.
abstract: Alkylphenols are nonbiodegradable metabolites arising from various pathways of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of the nonionic surfactants alkylphenol ethoxylates. A method based on the use of on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (LC) with UV detection was developed to determine bisphenol A, octylphenol, and nonylphenol at trace levels in water. The on-line coupled SPE procedure automatically enables an approximately 300-fold preconcentration of analytes, which can be further enhanced by an increase in applied sample volume. By using C18 cartridges, recoveries of >90% were obtained for all the analytes. A validation procedure was carried out with a groundwater sample to ensure the quality of the results; performance criteria such as detection limits (LODs), quantitation limits (LOQs), linearity, and precision were evaluated. LODs and LOQs in the range of 0.17-0.36 and 0.35-1.88 microg/L, respectively, were found; for all the analytes, linearity was established over 2 orders of magnitude (r2 >0.997, n = 54). The intraday repeatability values expressed as relative standard deviations were <5.3%; a nested analysis of variance was performed to verify the influence of 3 different factors, i.e., different days, extraction procedure, and LC replicate injection, on data precision.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Careri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elviri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangia
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009862:Online Systems; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010636:Phenols; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C025256:nonylphenol; C080417:4-octylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds