title: Cost-effectiveness of microsatellite instability screening as a method for detecting hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The National Cancer Institute has published consensus guidelines for universal screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cost-effectiveness of screening compared with standard care in eligible patients with colorectal cancer and their siblings and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-effectiveness analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  National colorectal cancer registry data, the Creighton International Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry, Medicare claims records, and published literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer and their siblings and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lifetime (varies depending on age at screening).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Societal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial office-based screening to determine eligibility (based on personal and family cancer history), followed by tumor testing for microsatellite instability. Those with microsatellite instability were offered genetic testing for HNPCC. Siblings and children of patients with cancer and the HNPCC mutation were offered genetic testing, and those who were found to carry the mutation received lifelong colorectal cancer screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Life-years gained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When only the patients with cancer were considered, cost-effectiveness of screening was $42 210 per life-year gained. When patients with cancer and their siblings and children were considered together, cost-effectiveness increased to $7556 per life-year gained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model was most sensitive to the estimated survival gain from screening siblings and children, to the prevalence of HNPCC mutations among patients with newly diagnosed cancer, and to the discount rate. In probabilistic analysis, the 90% CI for the cost-effectiveness of screening patients with cancer plus their relatives was $4874 to $21 576 per life-year gained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer for HNPCC is cost-effective, especially if the benefits to their immediate relatives are considered.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North (MP-900), Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. sramsey@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Etzioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Urban
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000465:Algorithms; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D003082:Colectomy; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004260:DNA Repair; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D012042:Registries; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States