title: Testosterone, 7-benzyloxyquinoline, and 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin bind to different domains within the active site of cytochrome P450 3A4.
abstract: Testosterone, 7-benzyloxyquinoline, and 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin, marker substrates for cytochrome P450 3A4 are commonly used within the pharmaceutical industry to screen new chemical entities as inhibitors of CYP3A4 in a high-throughput manner to predict the potential for drug-drug interactions. However, it has been observed that inhibition data obtained with a given CYP3A4 probe substrate may not correlate well with results from a different probe. As a consequence, the choice of the probe compound becomes an important consideration in such screens. In the present study, kinetic interactions between either two of the above three substrates were evaluated, and three-dimensional nonlinear regression analysis was performed to understand the kinetic mechanisms of drug interaction. Our results demonstrate that the kinetic interaction between each pair of substrates does not appear to be competitive and that the interactions are characterized by an unchanged or a decrease in both apparent K(m) (a = 0.21-0.72, a change of K(m) in the absence of the effector) and V(max) (alpha and beta = 0.09-0.75, changes of V(max) in the absence of the effector). These data suggest that 1) the three substrates bind to different domains; 2) at least two substrates can coexist in the active site of CYP3A4; and 3) the two bound substrates interact kinetically with each other (e.g., through steric hindrance), thereby leading to a change in both apparent kinetic parameters and partial inhibition. Selection of multiple substrates, which are shown not to be competitive, is necessary to accurately predict CYP3A4 inhibition and the potential for drug-drug interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rushmore
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shou
mesh_terms: D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D003374:Coumarins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011804:Quinolines / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C419147:7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin; D003374:Coumarins; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011804:Quinolines; C065956:7-benzyloxyquinoline; D013739:Testosterone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human