title: In vitro placental pressure-flow behaviour is non-linear and depends on the external pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study pressure-flow behaviour of in vitro placentas under normal simulated conditions and during raised external pressures, to simulate in vivo placental hemodynamic function, and as a model for polyhydramnios and the supine hypotension syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven normal term human singleton in vitro placentas were perfused under optimal physiologic conditions. Perfusion pressures varied between 5 and 90 mmHg, external pressures between 4 and 30 mmHg. Venous-external pressure (mmHg) combinations included 10-4, 10-10, 20-20, 25-25, 30-30 and 10-20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pressure-flow curves varied markedly among the 11 placentas, but all showed a non-linear, perfusion pressure-dependent resistance. The in vitro placental resistances were significantly higher than estimated in vivo values. All placentas showed inevitable leakage at the maternal side due to damage during delivery. Increased external pressures increased the placental resistance at lower perfusion pressures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental damage reduces the number of perfused cotyledonic capillaries. This increases the placental resistance but preserves circulatory properties. Our findings therefore, represent in vivo placental function. They may explain why polyhydramnios often persists and that polyhydramnios and the supine hypotension syndrome are likely to be more detrimental in hypotensive than in normotensive or hypertensive fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kranenburg-Lakeman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Gemert
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vergroesen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016014:Linear Models; D010477:Perfusion; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011312:Pressure; D014655:Vascular Resistance