title: [A surveillance study on penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out if there are penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and the resistance rate in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  989 pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections aged from 6 months to 3 years from two pediatric units were enrolled. Perthroat swabs were immediately streaked onto blood agar plates and incubated overnight. Pneumococci were identified and isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method and MIC determination according to Protocol and NCCLS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 51 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 5 strains had zones > or = 20 mm. Two of the 5 strains had penicillin MICs > or = 0.1 mg/L (2 and 4 mg/L) and considered to be fully resistant to penicillin(4%). The resistance rate to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was 0 and 4% respectively. For the other 10 antimicrobial agents, the resistance rates were as follows: ampicillin 12%, piperacillin 26%, furbenicillin 14%, cefuroxime 6%, erythromycin 54%, clarithromycin 52%, meleumycin 64%, roxithromycin 52%, chloramphenicol 32%, and tetracycline 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggested that penicillin resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae strains also exist, and the cross-resistance is a significant phenomenon in China.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, First Hospital of Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100034.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lü
mesh_terms: D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D010878:Piperacillin