title: Replacement of surgical castration by GnRH-inhibition or Leydig cell ablation in the male rat Hershberger antiandrogen assay.
abstract: An obstacle to the widespread adoption of the Hershberger antiandrogen assay is the surgical castration procedure required to produce androgen deficiency in the test animals. Here we describe two chemical treatments that produce similar effects to surgical castration. The first is use of ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS), a specific toxin to the testosterone-producing Leydig cells of the mature testes. The second class of compound is the decapeptide inhibitors of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), compounds such as Antarelix and Antide. Administration of either EDS or the GnRH inhibitors results in loss of weight of the testes, epididymides, and sex-associated tissues. Co-administration of testosterone to these animals leads to reversal of the induced effects. The basic test protocol for both of these assay modifications is described. Flutamide was used as a representative potent antiandrogen, and DDE as an example of a weakly active antiandrogen. The 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride was used to inhibit the transformation of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. It is shown that the EDS assay is sensitive to the antiandrogen flutamide, but that it fails to detect the weaker antiandrogen DDE. In contrast, the Antarelix assay performs as well as does the classical castration assay, leading to the detection as antiandrogens of flutamide, DDE, and finasteride. It is concluded that the GnRH inhibition Hershberger assay is more convenient to conduct than the original surgical castration assay, and it involves less stress to the test animals.
authors.affiliation: Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashby
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deghenghi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wallis
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018120:Finasteride / Q000494:pharmacology; D005485:Flutamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008698:Mesylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009919:Orchiectomy; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D007306:Insecticides; D008698:Mesylates; D009842:Oligopeptides; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D018120:Finasteride; D005485:Flutamide; C084350:antarelix; C002994:ethylene dimethanesulfonate