Contamination of polyethylene cups with polymethyl methacrylate particles: an experimental study.
The articulating surfaces of 6 ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene cups were exposed to curing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone-cement and examined with scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Three of the cups were exposed to blood and bone-cement, and the rest were exposed to bone-cement only. After removal of the bone-cement bulk, PMMA particles were found and identified in all 6 cups. The particles were verified by identifying zirconium with energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in 5 cups and with LA-ICPMS in 1 cup. The degree of surface contamination was estimated with LA-ICPMS. The number of zirconium-containing particles detected was on average 10 to 20/mm2. PMMA bone-cement left in polyethylene cups during polymerization can contaminate the articulating surface with adherent PMMA particles.
Kesteris
U
U
Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Lund, Borås, Sweden.
Carlsson
L
L
Haraldsson
C
C
Lausmaa
J
J
Lidgren
L
L
Onnerfält
R
R
Wingstrand
H
H
D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011095:Polyethylenes; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
D001843:Bone Cements; D011095:Polyethylenes; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate