title: Identification and analysis of a new hepadnavirus in white storks.
abstract: We identified, cloned, and functionally characterized a new avian hepadnavirus infecting storks (STHBV). STHBV has the largest DNA genome of all avian hepadnaviruses and, based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis, is most closely related to, but distinct from, heron hepatitis B virus (HHBV). Unique for STHBV among the other avian hepadnaviruses is a potential HNF1 binding site in the preS promoter. In common only with HHBV, STHBV has a myristylation signal on the S and not the preS protein, two C terminally located glycosylation sites on the precore/core proteins and lacks the phosphorylation site essential for the transcriptional transactivation activity of duck-HBV preS protein. The cloned STHBV genomes were competent in gene expression, replication, and viral particle secretion. STHBV infected primary duck hepatocytes very inefficiently suggesting a restricted host range, similar to other hepadnaviruses. This discovery of stork infections unravels novel evolutionary aspects of hepadnaviruses and provides new opportunities for hepadnavirus research.
authors.affiliation: Heinrich-Pette-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie und Immunologie an der Universität Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pult
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Netter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prassolov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sirma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hohenberg
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krone
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kaleta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Will
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017917:Avihepadnavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001483:Base Sequence; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018347:Hepadnaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014771:Virion / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins