title: Failure of holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy in two horses with calculi in the urinary bladder.
abstract: Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy was attempted in a mare and a gelding with calculi in the urinary bladder. The procedure was unsuccessful in producing adequate fragmentation of the calculi. In the gelding, pulsed dye laser lithotripsy was subsequently used to fragment the urolith. Manual removal of the urolith via the urethra was performed in the mare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pleasant
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Duesterdieck
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: MacAllister
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D017211:Treatment Failure; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*