title: Choroidal masses: a fourteen-year analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Choroidal masses present much diversification in clinical features and incidence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiological and clinicopathological manifestations of different choroidal tumors in order to tabulate appropriate diagnostic approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of patients with choroidal masses was conducted, the analysis being based upon the review of our medical records from January 1986 to December 1999 inclusively. A definite diagnosis of choroidal mass was confirmed by at least two experienced ophthalmologists. For patients who were enrolled in this study, an ophthalmic examination was conducted and medical history was recorded. Some ancillary tests, such as indirect ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, were used to support the accuracy of our diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 149 patients were enrolled in this study, of which 103 cases were excluded due to a loss of follow-up or incomplete medical records. Forty-six patients (51 eyes) included 12 cases (26%) of malignant metastases, 10 cases (22%) of hemangiomas, 2 cases (4%) of osteomas, 5 cases (11%) of melanocytomas, 8 cases (17%) of melanomas, and 9 cases (20%) of other melanocytic lesions. The male to female ratio was 21:25. The average length of follow-up was 20.5 months, and the average age of these patients was 42.8 years. Presenting with varied clinical incidence and pictures, each category of choroidal mass was investigated thoroughly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With more clinical experience and a better understanding of choroidal masses, we are able to propose an early differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach to the effective management of them in order to minimize ocular morbidity and improve patients' survival and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009506:Nevus / Q000175:diagnosis; D010016:Osteoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors