title: IL-1beta induction of RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) chemokine gene expression in endometriotic stromal cells depends on a nuclear factor-kappaB site in the proximal promoter.
abstract: A complex network of cytokines mediates immunoregulatory responses in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) is a chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells. Endometriotic lesions express RANTES, and its concentration in peritoneal fluid correlates with the severity of endometriosis. We investigated the influence of IL-1beta, a potent macrophage cytokine, on RANTES production in endometriotic stromal cells and determined the region of the RANTES promoter responsible for IL-1beta action. RANTES mRNA was induced 5-fold in endometriotic stromal cells, and the conditioned medium RANTES protein concentrations were 12-fold higher in IL-1beta-treated endometriotic stromal cells vs. untreated controls (P < 0.05). IL-1beta activated the full-length (-940 bp) RANTES promoter as well as a truncated 456-bp 5'-flanking construct by 2-fold. Mutagenesis of a nuclear factor-kappaB response element at -30 bp abolished the IL-1beta effect, whereas mutation of a nearby TNF response element did not affect the IL-1beta induction. An IL-1beta time-course Western assay revealed a rapid diminution of IkappaB (endogenous inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB) in endometriotic stromal cells. Overexpression of IkappaB in endometriotic stromal cells inhibited the IL-1beta response of the RANTES gene promoter. Transcription of RANTES mRNA is up-regulated by IL-1beta via a nuclear factor-kappaB response element in the proximal RANTES gene promoter. These results demonstrate a feed-forward regulatory loop in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by which IL-1beta produced from activated macrophages can lead to further macrophage recruitment via RANTES production in endometriotic stromal cells.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Endocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0276, USA.
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Lebovic
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000235:genetics*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020218:Response Elements; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human