title: Magnetic carbon.
abstract: The discovery of nanostructured forms of molecular carbon has led to renewed interest in the varied properties of this element. Both graphite and C60 can be electron-doped by alkali metals to become superconducting; transition temperatures of up to 52 K have been attained by field-induced hole-doping of C60 (ref. 2). Recent experiments and theoretical studies have suggested that electronic instabilities in pure graphite may give rise to superconducting and ferromagnetic properties, even at room temperature. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of strong magnetic signals in rhombohedral C60. Our intention was to search for superconductivity in polymerized C60; however, it appears that our high-pressure, high-temperature polymerization process results in a magnetically ordered state. The material exhibits features typical of ferromagnets: saturation magnetization, large hysteresis and attachment to a magnet at room temperature. The temperature dependences of the saturation and remanent magnetization indicate a Curie temperature near 500 K.
authors.affiliation: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 194021 St Petersburg, Russia. tatiana.makarova@physics.umu.se
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Makarova
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sundqvist
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Höhne
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esquinazi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kopelevich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scharff
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Davydov
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kashevarova
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rakhmanina