title: Migration of the Japanese healthcare enterprise from a financial to integrated management: strategy and architecture.
abstract: The Hospital Information System (HIS) has been positioned as the hub of the healthcare information management architecture. In Japan, the billing system assigns an "insurance disease names" to performed exams based on the diagnosis type. Departmental systems provide localized, departmental services, such as order receipt and diagnostic reporting, but do not provide patient demographic information. The system above has many problems. The departmental system's terminals and the HIS's terminals are not integrated. Duplicate data entry introduces errors and increases workloads. Order and exam data managed by the HIS can be sent to the billing system, but departmental data cannot usually be entered. Additionally, billing systems usually keep departmental data for only a short time before it is deleted. The billing system provides payment based on what is entered. The billing system is oriented towards diagnoses. Most importantly, the system is geared towards generating billing reports rather than at providing high-quality patient care. The role of the application server is that of a mediator between system components. Data and events generated by system components are sent to the application server that routes them to appropriate destinations. It also records all system events, including state changes to clinical data, access of clinical data and so on. Finally, the Resource Management System identifies all system resources available to the enterprise. The departmental systems are responsible for managing data and clinical processes at a departmental level. The client interacts with the system via the application server, which provides a general set of system-level functions. The system is implemented using current technologies CORBA and HTTP. System data is collected by the application server and assembled into XML documents for delivery to clients. Clients can access these URLs using standard HTTP clients, since each department provides an HTTP compliant web-server. We have implemented an integrated system communicating via CORBA middleware, consisting of an application server, endoscopy departmental server, pathology departmental server and wrappered legacy HIS. We have found this new approach solves the problems outlined earlier. It provides the services needed to ensure that data is never lost and is always available, that events that occur in the hospital are always captured, and that resources are managed and tracked effectively. Finally, it reduces costs, raises efficiency, increases the quality of patient care, and ultimately saves lives. Now, we are going to integrate all remaining hospital departments, and ultimately, all hospital functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. makiyama@imcj.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D004724:Endoscopy; D006739:Hospital Administration; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006751:Hospital Information Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006753:Hospital Records; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D010336:Pathology / Q000458:organization & administration; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010350:Patient Credit and Collection / Q000458:organization & administration; D011381:Programming Languages; D012984:Software; D018511:Systems Integration