title: Chlorine inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in water.
abstract: Six human isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and E. coli (ATCC 11229) were used to determine the concentrations of free chlorine and exposure times required for inactivation. Free chlorine concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm at 23 degrees C were evaluated, with sampling times at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 min. Results revealed that five of six E. coli O157:H7 isolates and the E. coli control strain were highly susceptible to chlorine, with >7 log10 CFU/ml reduction of each of these strains by 0.25 ppm free chlorine within 1 min. However, comparatively, one of the seven strains was unusually tolerant to chlorine at 23 degrees C for 1 min, with a 4-, 5.5-, 5.8-, and >5.8-log CFU/ml reduction at free chlorine concentrations (ppm) of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. respectively. Based on these studies most isolates of E. coli O157:H7 have no unusual tolerance to chlorine; however, one strain was exceptional in being recovered after 1-min of exposure of 10(7) CFU/ml to 2.0 ppm of free chlorine. This isolate may be a useful reference strain for future studies on chlorine tolerance of E. coli O157:H7.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223-1797, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D002713:Chlorine