title: Simian virus 40 large-T-antigen-specific rejection of mKSA tumor cells in BALB/c mice is critically dependent on both strictly tumor-associated, tumor-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4(+) T helper cells.
abstract: Protective immunity of BALB/c mice immunized with simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (TAg) against SV40-transformed, TAg-expressing mKSA tumor cells is critically dependent on both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes. By depleting mice of T-cell subsets at different times before and after tumor challenge, we found that at all times, CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells both were equally important in establishing and maintaining a protective immune response. CD4(+) cells do not contribute to tumor eradication by directly lysing mKSA cells. However, CD4(+) lymphocytes provide help to CD8(+) cells to proliferate and to mature into fully active cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Depletion of CD4(+) cells by a single injection of CD4-specific monoclonal antibody at any time from directly before injection of the vaccinating antigen to up to 7 days after tumor challenge inhibited the generation of cytolytic CD8(+) lymphocytes. T helper cells in this system secrete the typical Th-1 cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon. Because in this system TAg-specific CD8(+) cells secrete only minute amounts of IL-2, it appears that T helper cells provide these cytokines for CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, this helper effect of CD4(+) T cells in mKSA tumor rejection in BALB/c mice does not simply improve the activity of TAg-specific CD8(+) CTL but actually enables them to mature into cytolytic effector cells. Beyond this activity, the presence of T helper cells is necessary even in the late phase of tumor cell rejection in order to maintain protective immunity. However, despite the support of CD4(+) T helper cells, the tumor-specific CTL response is so weak that only at the site of tumor cell inoculation and not in the spleen or in the regional lymph nodes can TAg-specific CTL be detected.
authors.affiliation: Heinrich-Pette-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie und Immunologie an der Universität Hamburg, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany. olaf.utermoehlen@medizin.uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Utermöhlen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulze-Garg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Warnecke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gugel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löhler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deppert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D007114:Immunization; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma