title: Myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in response to short-term cyclical hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the effects of combined cyclical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on myocardial blood flow (MBF) in postmenopausal women at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and in women with documented CHD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Estrogen restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women, and it has a direct, endothelium-independent vasodilatory effect on coronary arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether coronary microcirculation can be affected by short-term, combined HRT, we performed positron emission tomography (PET) in two groups of women without previous HRT. Group I (n = 10) had one or more risk factors for CHD; group II (n = 8) had documented CHD and previous myocardial infarction. Group II was older (54 +/- 4 vs 59 +/- 5 y, P = .03) and had lower total cholesterol levels at baseline because of lipid-lowering therapy (244 +/- 31 vs 203 +/- 40 mg/dL, P = .03). Patients underwent baseline dynamic PET with N-13 ammonia at rest and during maximal adenosine-induced hyperemia to assess MBF. Each then began taking HRT (conjugated equine estrogen alone or with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), administered in cyclical fashion), and returned for follow-up PET 46 +/- 12 days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in resting MBF between groups I and II prior to starting therapy or at follow-up. Stress MBF and flow reserve (FR) tended to be higher in group I patients at baseline. MBF values remained unchanged at follow-up and resulted in similar FR values at baseline and during HRT for both groups. Women using only estrogen (n = 6) tended to show higher FR values after estrogen therapy, however.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term HRT in postmenopausal women did not lead to improvements in MBF or FR. Combined cyclical HRT may not exert measurable effects on coronary microcirculation. MPA may attenuate estrogen effects on the coronaries, which may be largely endothelium-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Duvernoy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rattenhuber
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seifert-Klauss
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bengel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000465:Algorithms; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D008055:Lipids; D011372:Progestins; D000241:Adenosine