title: Low levels of nitric oxide (NO) in systemic sclerosis: inducible NO synthase production is decreased in cultured peripheral blood monocyte/macrophage cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase expression by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with SSc were compared with two control groups: 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 23 patients with mechanical sciatica. Nitrate was determined by fluorimetry in plasma and by spectrophotometry in supernatants. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was detected in cultured PBMC by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and flow cytometry with or without treatment of the cells with interleukin (IL) 1beta+ tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-4 or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) from day 1 to day 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NO metabolite concentrations were lower in SSc patients (mean+/-s.e.m. 34.3+/-2.63 micromol/l) than in RA (48.3+/-2.82 micromol/l; P<0.02) and sciatica (43.3+/-5.24 micromol/l; P<0.03) patients. iNOS was detected in cultured monocytes in all three groups but induction occurred on day 1 in RA, day 2 in sciatica and only on day 3 in SSc, whatever the stimulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentrations of NO metabolites are decreased in SSc patients and the metabolism of these compounds in PBMC is altered. Low levels of NO, a vasodilator, may be involved in vasospasm, which is critical in SSc. This may have therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology A, Cochin Hospital, René Descartes University, Paris 75014, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Allanore
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Borderie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hilliquin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernvann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lemaréchal
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ekindjian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II