title: Repression of androgen-regulated gene expression by dominant negative androgen receptors.
abstract: The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription activator responsible for male sexual development. In order to specifically inhibit the AR pathway, dominant negative ARs were constructed by inactivation of the major transactivation domains of the wild type AR and fusing this mutant (AR122) to the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) repressor domain and/or histone deacetylase (HDAC1). The HDAC1-KRAB-AR122 protein was the most successful dominant negative AR, capable of repressing the wild type AR ninefold when co-expressed at a 1:1 plasmid ratio. A maximal repression of 41-fold was achieved when HDAC1-KRAB-AR122 was cotransfected with the wild type AR at a 4:1 plasmid ratio. HDAC1-KRAB-AR122 repressed transcription in a ligand-dependent manner since it inhibited a constitutively active AR mutant (AR5) only in the presence of agonists. High concentrations of partial agonists such as RU486, cyproterone acetate, and estradiol were also capable of triggering repression by HDAC1-KRAB-AR122. The potent dominant negative AR proteins might prove useful tools to inhibit AR function in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bramlett
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Dits
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jenster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D006655:Histone Deacetylases