title: Oxygen uptake response during maximal cycling in hyperoxia, normoxia and hypoxia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxygen uptake (VO2) on-kinetics is decelerated in acute hypoxia and accelerated in hyperoxia in comparison with normoxia during submaximal exercise. However, the effects of fraction of oxygen in inspired air (FIO2) on VO2 kinetics during maximal exercise are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effects of FIO2 on VO2 on-kinetics during maximal exercise are similar to submaximal exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 11 endurance athletes who were studied during maximal 7-min cycle ergometer exercise in hyperoxia (FIO2 0.325), hypoxia (FIO2 0.166) and normoxia (FIO2 0.209). The individual VO2 data were fit to a curve by using a three exponential model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In hypoxia, VO2 on-response amplitude during Phase 2 (approximately 20-100 s from the beginning of exercise) was lower (p < 0.05) when compared with hyperoxia; time constant of VO2 Phase 3 (beyond approximately 100 s after beginning of exercise) was shorter (p < 0.05) when compared with hyperoxia; and mean response time (MRT, O-63%) for VO2peak was shorter (p < 0.05) when compared with normoxia and hyperoxia. VO2peak was higher in hyperoxia (4.80 +/- 0.48 L x min(-1), p < 0.05) and lower in hypoxia (4.03 +/- 0.46 L x min(-1), p < 0.05) than in normoxia (4.36 +/- 0.44 L x min(-1)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate hypoxia or hyperoxia do not affect VO2 time constants at the onset of maximal exercise. However, MRT for VO2peak is shortened in hypoxia. It is suggested that the differences in VO2peak and power output during the latter half of the test and the point that FIO2 was modified only moderately might explain most of the discrepancy with the previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. Juha.Peltonen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ritola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahotupa
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Rusko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012119:Respiration