title: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor is implicated in the mode of stromal invasion of uterine squamous cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) to cell motility and invasion in uterine cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of HGF/SF and its receptor, c-met, in cervical cancer cell lines SKG-IIIa (squamous cell carcinoma) and Hela-S3 (adenocarcinoma) and in stromal cells of the cervical cancer tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We studied the effect of HGF/SF on invasiveness of SKG-IIIa and Hela-S3 in an invasion model of the modified Boyden chamber method and by electron microscopy. SKG-IIIa cells were also seeded on the thick Matrigel-coated layer to evaluate the invasion patterns in three-dimensional directions. To investigate the mechanism of an inductive effect of HGF/SF on the invasiveness of SKG-IIIa, we examined the effect of HGF/SF on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin, cell-substrate adhesion molecules CD44, alpha2beta1, and alpha6beta1, and intracellular skeleton fiber actin in SKG-IIIa in cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HGF/SF messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected in stromal cells, and c-met mRNA was detected in SKG-IIIa and Hela-S3. Hela-S3 that initially showed weak intercellular contact freely invaded the Matrigel-coated multiporous membrane without the addition of HGF/SF. In contrast, SKG-IIIa that initially showed strong intercellular adhesion could invade the membrane after the addition of HGF/SF. The same results were represented by an addition of HECD-1, an anti-human E-cadherin antibody. In an experiment with cell culture in a thick Matrigel layer, control SKG-IIIa showed a mirror-ball-like invasion pattern, whereas HGF/SF-stimulated SKG-IIIa spread horizontally over the membrane and migrated through the membrane holes, presenting a tentacular invasion pattern. Migration of SKG-IIIa under the membrane was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of HGF/SF in cell ELISA assay decreased the expression of E-cadherin and actin in SKG-IIIa, but it did not change the expression of CD44, alpha2beta1, and alpha6beta1. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression of E-cadherin in cell membrane was disturbed by HGF/SF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that HGF/SF produced by stromal cells influences the mode of stromal invasion of squamous cervical cancer by selectively decreasing the expression of both E-cadherin and actin.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan. shima-hs@d9.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimabukuro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aso
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006367:HeLa Cells; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015820:Cadherins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor