title: The accessory posterior portal for shoulder arthroscopy: Description of technique and cadaveric study.
abstract: As the indications for shoulder arthroscopy continue to expand, so too does the need for complete access to the glenohumeral joint. Specific regions of the joint, including the axillary recess, are often times difficult to access using traditionally described posterior and anterior portals. In this article, we describe a technique for the placement of an accessory posterior portal into the inferior hemisphere of the glenohumeral joint, effectively in the 8 o'clock or 4 o'clock position. To demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of this portal, 6 cadaveric specimens were dissected after the placement of a standard and accessory posterior portal. The proximity of the posterior portals to the axillary and suprascapular nerves was analyzed. Measurements were made in simulated beach-chair and lateral decubitus positions. The authors show that the accessory posterior portal is safe to use and may prove useful to the surgeon who wishes to gain access to the inferior recesses of the glenohumeral joint.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Difelice
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*