title: Effects of polysaccharides (FI0-b) from mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae on proinflammatory cytokine production by THP-1 cells and human PBMC (I).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of water-soluble polysaccharides, FI0-b, and its formic acid-modified derivative, FI0-b-H, on production of human proinflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polysaccharides were modified by formic acid. Cytokine production was quantitated by radioimmunoassay. mRNA for cytokines was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FI0-b and FI0-b-H 4, 40, and 400 mg/L significantly downregulated interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) production by THP-1 cells induced by lypopolysaccharide (LPS) 1 or 10 mg/L and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) 200 nmol/L. At lower stimulation with LPS 10 mg/L and PMA 200 nmol/L, both polysaccharides significantly upregulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) production by THP-1 cells. However, at higher stimulation with LPS 100 mg/L and PMA 200 nmol/L, they downregulated TNF alpha production. FI0-b-H downregulated interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by THP-1 cells at a lower-dose of LPS 1 mg/L and PMA 200 nmol/L, but upregulated IL-8 production at a higher-dose of LPS 10 mg/L and PMA 200 nmol/L. Production of cytokines (IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha) was transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally regulated by FI0-b and FI0-b-H.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The water-soluble polysaccharides of Ganoderma tsugae mycelium have bidirectional immunomodulatory effects on cytokine production in different stimulatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with FI0-b, FI0-b-H has more marked effects on human proinflammatory cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of New Drug, Changchun College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: B X
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikejima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002469:Cell Separation; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020940:Reishi; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha