title: N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype in painters with bladder cancer and controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the impact of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2, substrate: aromatic amines) in painters with bladder cancer and controls.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Until the beginning  of the 1960s, painters in Germany have used, among others, azo dyes based on carcinogenic aromatic amines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen painters with bladder cancer and 26 healthy painters (controls) who were from the same area in Germany and in the same age group (+/-5 years) were recruited into the study. All  subjects were phenotyped for NAT2 by the molar ratio of two caffeine metabolites in the urine which was  determined by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The number of years working as  a painter, age at first exposure to paints and the life-time smoking habits of subjects were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen cases and 23 controls had been exposed to paints before 1960. Age at first exposure to paint was 15.5 years (SD 5.3) in cases and 16.3 (SD 4.9) years in controls. Cases had worked 31.1 years  (SD 15.0) and controls had worked 44.8 years (SD 7.2) as painters. Four cases and 7 controls were non-smokers.  In this study, 88% of cases and 65% of controls were of the "slow" acetylation and phenotype,
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result point to and impact of the slow acetylation status as an individual risk factor for bladder  cancer in persons occupationally exposed to amounts of carcinogenic aromatic amines released from water-soluble azo dyes.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Golka
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weistenhofer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jedrusik
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaszkewicz
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Bolt
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase