title: Effects of rapacuronium on respiratory function during general anesthesia: a comparison with cis-atracurium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With its introduction for widespread clinical use, there has been an increase in reports of bronchospasm related to the administration of rapacuronium. As it is commonly used for rapid sequence intubation, it has been suggested that these effects may be related to an inadequate depth of anesthesia. The current study examines the airway effects of rapacuronium in tracheally intubated, anesthetized adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endotracheal intubation was accomplished without the use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Dynamic compliance, tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow rate, peak expiratory flow rate, and peak inflating pressure were measured after administration of either rapacuronium (1.5 mg/kg) or cis-atracurium (0.2 mg/kg) to 20 adult patients (10 received rapacuronium and 10 received cis-atracurium) anesthetized with propofol-remifentanil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant increases in peak inflating pressure (22 +/- 6 to 28 +/- 9 cm H2O, P = 0.0012) and decreases in dynamic compliance (108 +/- 43 to 77 +/- 41 ml/cm H2O, P = 0.0001), peak inspiratory flow rate (0.43 +/- 0.11 to 0.39 +/- 0.09 l/s, P = 0.0062), peak expiratory flow rate (0.67 +/- 0.10 to 0.59 +/- 0.09 l/s, P = 0.0015), and tidal volume (744 +/- 152 to 647 +/- 135 ml, P = 0.0293) occurred after administration of rapacuronium. No changes were seen after administration of cis-atracurium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that rapacuronium, but not cis-atracurium, has significant airway effects in intubated, mechanically ventilated adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, 65212, USA. tobiasj@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001279:Atracurium; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; C082938:rapacuronium