title: Synthesis of sulfaphenazole derivatives and their use as inhibitors and tools for comparing the active sites of human liver cytochromes P450 of the 2C subfamily.
abstract: Twenty-three new derivatives of sulfaphenazole (SPA) were synthesized to further explore the topology of the active sites of human liver cytochromes P450 of the 2C subfamily and to find new selective inhibitors of these cytochromes. These compounds are derived from SPA by replacement of the NH(2) and H (of the SO(2)NH function) substituents of SPA with various R(1) and R(2) groups, respectively. Their inhibitory effects were studied on recombinant CYP 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, and 2C19 expressed in yeast. High affinities for CYP 2C9 (IC(50) < 1 microM) were only observed for SPA derivatives having the SO(2)NH function and a relatively small R(1) substituent (R(1) = NH(2), CH(3)). Any increase in the size of R(1) led to a moderate decrease of the affinity, and the N-alkylation of the SO(2)NH function of SPA to a greater decrease of this affinity. The same structural changes led to opposite effects on molecular recognition by CYP 2C8 and 2C18, which generally exhibited similar behaviors. Thus, contrary to CYP 2C9, CYP 2C8 and 2C18 generally prefer neutral compounds with relatively large R(1) and R(2) substituents. CYP 2C19 showed an even lower affinity for anionic compounds than CYP 2C8 and 2C18. However, as CYP 2C8 and 2C18, CYP 2C19 showed a much better affinity for neutral compounds derived from N-alkylation of SPA and for anionic compounds bearing a larger R(1) substituent. One of the new compounds (R(1) = methyl, R(2) = propyl) inhibited all human CYP 2Cs with IC(50) values between 10 and 20 microM, while another one (R(1) = allyl, R(2) = methyl) inhibited all CYP 2Cs except CYP 2C9, and a third one (R(1) = R(2) = methyl) inhibited all CYP 2Cs except CYP 2C8. Only 2 compounds of the 25 tested derivatives were highly selective toward one human CYP 2C; these are SPA and compound 1 (R(1) = CH(3), R(2) = H), which acted as selective CYP 2C9 inhibitors. However, some SPA derivatives selectively inhibited CYP 2C8 and 2C18. Since CYP 2C18 is hardly detectable in human liver, these derivatives could be interesting molecules to selectively inhibit CYP 2C8 in human liver microsomes. Thus, compound 11 (R(1) = NH(2), R(2) = (CH(2))(2)CH(CH(3))(2)) appears to be particularly interesting for that purpose as its IC(50) value for CYP 2C8 is low (3 microM) and 20-fold smaller than those found for CYP 2C9 and 2C19.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris V, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ha-Duong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dijols
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marques-Soares
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minoletti
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dansette
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mansuy
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D001665:Binding Sites; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013426:Sulfaphenazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015003:Yeasts / Q000201:enzymology; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D013426:Sulfaphenazole; D013449:Sulfonamides; C438944:4-amino-N-(3-methylbut-1-yl)-N-(2-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides; C400322:cytochrome P-450 CYP2C subfamily; C082185:CYP2C18 protein, human; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human