title: [Interaction of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase with NTP phosphonate analogs and inorganic pyrophosphate].
abstract: We have examined the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIV RT) and T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) with modified nucleoside triphosphates and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) analogs containing nonhydrolyzable bisphosphonate groups. We have synthesized a number of derivatives of bisphosphonic acid having different aromatic and nonaromatic side substituents, as well as the NTP derivatives whose incorporation into the growing nucleotide chain during the polymerization reaction results in formation of bisphosphonates as leaving groups. The competitive character of inhibition of both enzymes has been revealed for all the compounds under study, and the inhibition constants have been estimated. One of PPi analogs containing a bulky aromatic substituent is characterized by similar inhibition constants for both T7 RNAP and RT. The universal character of this inhibitor can serve as evidence for a similar structure of the NPT-binding sites in the two polymerases. It has been shown that nonsubstituted methylenebisphosphate is a better leaving group than that containing additional methyl and hydroxyl groups. The NTP analogs are very weak inhibitors of T7 RNAP, whereas HIV-1 RT is more sensitive to this type of compounds. On the basis of the X-ray crystallographic data on the T7 RNAP complex with a template and NTP, we have modeled the binding of some derivatives of bisphosphonic acid in the active center of the enzyme. The peculiarities observed in the model correlate well with the experimental data on inhibition.
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Efimtseva
authors.forename: N Sh
authors.initials: NSh
authors.lastname: Padiukova
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kochetkov
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mikhaĭlov
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: M Ia
authors.initials: MIa
authors.lastname: Karpeĭskiĭ
mesh_terms: D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates; D009705:Nucleosides; D014764:Viral Proteins; C062210:bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
vernacular_title: Vzaimodeĭstvie obratnoĭ transkriptazy VICh-1 i RNK-polimerazy bakteriofaga T7 s fosfonatnymi analogami NTP i neorganicheskogo pirofosfata.