title: Tyrphostin AG825 triggers p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent apoptosis in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells C4 and C4-2.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is aided by abnormal autocrine growth factor loops. We screened for small cell-permeable inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases that could block their signaling and trigger cell death in PCa cell lines. We found that the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2/neu inhibitor tyrphostin AG825 is preferentially toxic to PCa cells that are phenotypically androgen independent. These effects were dose and time dependent in the human LNCaP, C4, and C4-2 cell line models of progression and correlated with the inhibition of HER-2/neu phosphoactivation and its down-regulation. In addition, we show that the inhibition of HER-2/neu signaling with AG825 triggers an imbalance between extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, which leads to p38-dependent apoptosis. Inhibition of HER-1 with Compound 56 had no effect. These findings suggest that the androgen-independent C4 and C4-2 cells can be killed by selectively inhibiting their HER-2/neu signaling pathway and provide insights into the mechanism of action of AG825 in PCa cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tindall
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020032:Tyrphostins; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C098214:tyrphostin AG825