title: Vascular endothelial growth factor in articular cartilage of healthy and osteoarthritic human knee joints.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression in normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human articular cartilage, and whether VEGF expression alters during the progression of OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections from normal and OA human knee cartilage were immunotained with a polyclonal antibody recognising VEGF. In addition, total RNA was isolated from normal and osteoarthritic human knee cartilage and analysed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for VEGF mRNA expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF was found to be present in normal and OA human knee cartilage in all cartilage layers. A significant increase of VEGF immunopositive chondrocytes to up to approximately 82% was detected in severe OA cartilage compared with normal articular cartilage (approximately 56% of immunopositive chondrocytes). RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of VEGF also on the mRNA level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF is expressed by articular chondrocytes in normal and OA human knee cartilage. The percentage of VEGF immunopositive chondrocytes significantly increases in late stages of the disease. The VEGF transcript levels encoding all four isoforms shows a big variability in samples from different donors, suggesting a distinct regulation of the expression of the four VEGF isoforms in normal and OA cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery im Waldkrankenhaus St Marien, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany. Dpfander@t-online.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pfander
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Körtje
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weseloh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gesslein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swoboda
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors