title: Carbon dioxide management and the cerebral response to hemodilution during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increases in blood flow support oxygen (O2) delivery with hemodilution. However, with alpha-stat management, the cerebral response to hemodilution is blunted. We tested the hypothesis that carbon dioxide (CO2) management is a primary determinant of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to hemodilution during hypothermic bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following Animal Care Committee approval, 15 dogs underwent bypass at 18 degrees C (pH-stat, n = 7 or alpha-stat, n = 8). Measurements were obtained after progressive hemodilution, and cerebral blood flow was determined by sagittal sinus outflow. Arterial pressure was maintained at 60 to 70 mm Hg. The CBF response to hemodilution and cerebral metabolic rate were compared in the two groups of animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, hemodilution increased CBF. At every hematocrit, CBF and O2 delivery in the pH-stat group exceeded that of alpha-stat group, although O2 demand did not differ between groups. While absolute CBF in the pH-stat group was greater at every hematocrit, the relative change in CBF from control and the slope of the CBF-Hct relationship did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pH-stat management is associated with a greater absolute CBF and a greater ratio of cerebral O2 supply to demand for any degree of hemodilution. However, over the range of hematocrits common in practice, CO2 management per se does not determine the cerebral response to hemodilution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. cook.david@mayo.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Boston
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Orszulak
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Slater
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004285:Dogs; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006438:Hemodilution; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide