title: Reducing infections among women undergoing cesarean section in Colombia by means of continuous quality improvement methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improving obstetric care in resource-limited countries is a major international health priority.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To reduce infection rates after cesarean section by optimizing systems of obstetric care for low-income women in Colombia by means of quality improvement methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary teams in 2 hospitals used simple methods to improve their systems for prescribing and administering perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Process indicators were the percentage of women in whom prophylaxis was administered and the percentage of these women in whom it was administered in a timely fashion. The outcome indicator was the surgical site infection rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before improvement, prophylaxis was administered to 71% of women in hospital A; 24% received prophylaxis in a timely fashion. Corresponding figures in hospital B were 36% and 50%. Systems improvements included implementing protocols to administer prophylaxis to all women and increasing the availability of the antibiotic in the operating room. These improvements were associated with increases in overall and timely administration of prophylaxis (P<.001) in both hospitals by time series analysis, with adjustment for volume and case mix. After improvement, overall and timely administration of prophylaxis was 95% and 96% in hospital A and 89% and 96% in hospital B. In hospital A, the surgical site infection rate decreased immediately after the improvements (P<.001). In hospital B, the infection rate began a downward trend before the improvements that continued after their implementation (P =.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple quality improvement methods can be used to optimize obstetric services and improve outcomes of care in resource-limited settings.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gaitan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goethe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellerstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ross-Degnan
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huskins
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002512:Cephalothin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003105:Colombia; D004716:Endometritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006788:Hospitals, Voluntary; D006801:Humans; D009775:Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017749:Total Quality Management
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins; D000667:Ampicillin; D010400:Penicillin G; D002512:Cephalothin