title: Acute effects of D-fenfluramine on simultaneous measures of aggressive escape and impulsive responses of adult males with and without a history of conduct disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of serotonin in human aggression was evaluated by administering D-fenfluramine and comparing the effects on laboratory measures of aggression, escape and impulsivity among subjects with and without a history of conduct disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male subjects with a history of criminal behavior participated in experimental sessions that measured aggressive and impulsive responses. Five subjects had a history of childhood conduct disorder (CD+) and five control subjects did not. Aggression was measured using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP), which provides subjects with an aggressive, escape and monetary reinforced response options. Impulsive responses were measured using a paradigm that gives subjects choices between small rewards after short delays versus larger rewards after long delays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute doses (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) of D-fenfluramine produced significant decreases in aggressive responses in CD+ subjects and large decreases in escape responses for CD+ subjects and smaller decreases for control subjects. Impulsive responses were decreased slightly and monetary reinforced responses were not changed in either group. Decreases in aggressive responses were not selective, since escape responses were also decreased, but such effects could not be attributed to a non-specific sedative action because monetary reinforced responses were increased and reaction times were decreased, indicative of central nervous system stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Release of serotonin by D-fenfluramine is the possible mechanism for reductions in aggressive responses. These results are consistent with a large body of data linking reduced serotonin function and aggressive behavior.
authors.affiliation: Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, 1300 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030-3497, USA. don.r.cherek@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cherek
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects*; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012647:Self-Assessment; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005277:Fenfluramine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors