title: Laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal hiatal hernia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to analyze our initial results after laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal hiatal hernias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1997 and May 2000, 37 patients (23 women, 14 men) underwent laparoscopic repair of a large type II (pure paraesophageal) or type III (combined sliding and paraesophageal) hiatal hernia with more than 50% of the stomach herniated into the chest. Median age was 72 years (range 52 to 92 years). Data related to patient demographics, esophageal function, operative techniques, postoperative symptomatology, and complications were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic hernia repair and Nissen fundoplication was possible in 35 of 37 patients (95.0%). Median hospitalization was 4 days (range 2 to 20 days). Intraoperative complications occurred in 6 patients (16.2%) and included pneumothorax in 3 patients, splenic injury in 2, and crural tear in 1. Early postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (13.5%) and included esophageal leak in 2, severe bloating in 2, and a small bowel obstruction in 1. Two patients died within 30 days (5.4%), 1 from delayed splenic bleeding and 1 from adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to a recurrent strangulated hiatal hernia. Follow-up was complete in 31 patients (94.0%) and ranged from 3 to 34 months (median 15 months). Twenty-seven patients (87.1%) were improved. Four patients (12.9%) required early postoperative dilatation. Recurrent paraesophageal hiatal hernia occurred in 4 patients (12.9%). Functional results were classified as excellent in 17 patients (54.9%), good in 9 (29.0%), fair in 1 (3.2%), and poor in 4 (12.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal hiatal hernias is a challenging operation associated with significant morbidity and mortality. More experience, longer follow-up, and further refinement of the operative technique is indicated before it can be recommended as the standard approach.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pairolero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018662:Fundoplication; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate