title: Gamma-radiation sensitivity and risk of glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  About 9% of human cancers are brain tumors, of which 90% are gliomas. gamma-Radiation has been identified as a risk factor for brain tumors. In a previous pilot study, we found that lymphocytes from patients with glioma were more sensitive to gamma-radiation than were lymphocytes from matched control subjects. In this larger case-control study, we compared the gamma-radiation sensitivity of lymphocytes from glioma patients with those from control subjects and investigated the association between mutagen sensitivity and the risk for developing glioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a mutagen sensitivity assay (an indirect measure of DNA repair activity) to assess chromosomal damage. We gamma-irradiated (1.5 Gy) short-term lymphocyte cultures from 219 case patients with glioma and from 238 healthy control subjects frequency matched by age and sex. After irradiation, cells were cultured for 4 hours, and then Colcemid was added for 1 hour to arrest cells in mitosis. Fifty metaphases were randomly selected for each sample and scored for chromatid breaks. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a statistically significantly higher frequency of chromatid breaks per cell from case patients with glioma (mean = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50 to 0.59) than from control subjects (mean = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.48) (P<.001). Using 0.40 (the median number of chromatid breaks per cell in control subjects) as the cut point for defining mutagen sensitivity and adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status, we found that mutagen sensitivity was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk for glioma (odds ratio = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.43 to 3.06). When the data were divided into tertiles, the relative risk for glioma increased from the lowest tertile to the highest tertile (trend test, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  gamma-Radiation-induced mutagen sensitivity of lymphocytes may be associated with an increased risk for glioma, a result that supports our earlier preliminary findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA. mbondy@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bondy
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Zein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Selvan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bruner
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Alfred Yung
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adatto
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002842:Chromatids / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects; D003703:Demecolcine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005910:Glioma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D004247:DNA; D003703:Demecolcine