title: Stressful life events and physical abuse among pregnant women in North Carolina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study estimates the prevalence of stressful life events and physical abuse among North Carolina women prior to infant delivery, and examines potential associations between abuse and the other stressors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from the North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a statewide representative survey of over 2,600 postpartum women. The survey assessed women's sociodemographic characteristics and their experiences of physical abuse and 13 other stressful life events before delivery. The prevalences of each life event and abuse were estimated. Logistic regression modeled the probability of women having high levels of stressful life events in relation to physical abuse and sociodemographics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most women were married, white, high school graduates, aged 20 or older. The most common stressful life events were residential moves, increased arguing with husbands/partners, family member hospitalizations, financial hardship, and deaths of loved ones. Fourteen percent of women had high levels of stressful events (5 or more), and almost 9% were physically abused. Abuse was positively associated with increased arguing with husbands/partners, physical fighting, having someone close with an alcohol/drug problem, becoming separated/divorced, and financial hardship. Logistic regression analysis showed that a high level of stressful life events was significantly more likely among women abused both before and during pregnancy (OR = 11.94) and among women abused before but not during pregnancy (OR = 14.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high frequency of multiple stressful events and abuse in women's lives suggests that women's care providers should ask their patients about these issues, and offer appropriate referral/interventions to those in need.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA. sandra_martin@unc.edu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Kupper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck-Warden
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Buescher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018585:Battered Women / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000523:psychology*