title: [Obstetrical observations by the cow doctor W. Munter (1767-1838) from Goudswaard (Prov. South-Holland)].
abstract: Before the time that certified veterinarians from the Veterinary School of Utrecht became available, assistance with difficult parturitions of farm animals often was given by experienced cow doctors. Such a cow doctor was W. Munter, who practised at one of the islands of South-Holland. He had obtained a license for veterinary practice after being examined by the socalled Leyden Commission, in 1808 installed by King Louis Napoléon. In 1829 Munter communicated several of his case stories to Alexander Numan, director of the Veterinary School. These are edited and commented here. They shed light on the obstetrical problems Munter met in his practice and on the manner he solved them, and also on his views on the backwardness of many of his clients. It is concluded that Munter had a good practical knowledge and that he worked with accuracy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mandigers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D009426:Netherlands; D018634:Veterinarians / Q000266:history*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000266:history
vernacular_title: Verloskundige waarnemingen van veearts W. Munter (1767-1838) uit Goudswaard (Z.-H.).