title: A survey to identify the clinical coding and classification systems currently in use across Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a survey to identify what clinical coding systems are currently in use across the European Union, and the states seeking membership to it. We sought to identify what systems are currently used and to what extent they were subject to local adaptation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical coding should facilitate identifying key medical events in a computerised medical record, and aggregating information across groups of records. The emerging new driver is as the enabler of the life-long computerised medical record. A prerequisite for this level of functionality is the transfer of information between different computer systems. This transfer can be facilitated either by working on the interoperability problems between disparate systems or by harmonising the underlying data. This paper examines the extent to which the latter has occurred across Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature and Internet search. Requests for information via electronic mail to pan-European mailing lists of health informatics professionals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coding systems are now a de facto part of health information systems across Europe. There are relatively few coding systems in existence across Europe. ICD9 and ICD 10, ICPC and Read were the most established. However the local adaptation of these classification systems either on a by country or by computer software manufacturer basis; significantly reduces the ability for the meaning coded with patients computer records to be easily transferred from one medical record system to another.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no longer any debate as to whether a coding or classification system should be used. Convergence of different classifications systems should be encouraged. Countries and computer manufacturers within the EU should be encouraged to stop making local modifications to coding and classification systems, as this practice risks significantly slowing progress towards easy transfer of records between computer systems.
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Informatics,General Practice and Primary Care, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, SW17 ORE, England. slusigna@sghms.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Lusignan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minmagh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeimet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bommezijn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bryant
mesh_terms: D002965:Classification / Q000379:methods; D003625:Data Collection; D004194:Disease / Q000145:classification*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000145:classification; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000145:classification; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled