title: Photosensitization with hematoporphyrin derivative compared to 5-aminolaevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy of esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD) as sensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in advanced esophageal cancer carry the risk of prolonged photosensitivity of the skin. New sensitizers such as 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) with low rates of skin phototoxicity appear to be promising alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ALA compared with HpD for PDT in advanced esophageal carcinoma regarding phototoxicity of the skin, reduction of dysphagia, tumor stenosis and length, and Karnovsky performance status.
  
  
  METHODS
  After diagnostic workup, photosensitization was done in 22 patients with ALA (60 mg/kg body weight, oral, 6 to 8 hours before PDT) and in 27 patients with a hematoporphyrin derivative (2 mg/kg body weight, intravenously, 48 hours before PDT). The light dose was calculated as 300 J/cm fiber tip. Light at 630 nm was applied using a pumped dye laser. In both groups, additional hyperbaric oxygenation was applied at a level of 2 absolute atmospheric pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement regarding dysphagia, stenosis diameter, and tumor length could be obtained in both treatment arms with a significant difference in favor of the HpD group (p = 0.02; p = 0.0000; and p = 0.000014, respectively). A questionnaire of patients in the HpD group confirmed that the ability of swallowing a meal was superior compared with the discomfort from limitation to sun exposure. No sunburn or other major treatment-related complication occurred in both treatment arms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the limitations of a nonrandomized study, photosensitzation with HpD seems to be more effective in PDT of advanced esophageal carcinoma compared with ALA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Graz Medical School, Austria. alfred.maier@klinikum-graz.at
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomaselli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rehak
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinter
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Smolle-Jüttner
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017324:Hematoporphyrin Derivative / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006414:Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017324:Hematoporphyrin Derivative; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid