title: From "Anna O." to Bertha Pappenheim: transforming private pain into public action.
abstract: Bertha Pappenheim ("Anna O,") was treated for hysteria by Josef Breuer when she was a young adult. As a mature adult she became a leading social worker, writer, and feminist activist in the German Jewish community. This article examines her therapy with Breuer, her own struggle for recovery, and some links between her earlier and later life, in particular the lack of intimate relationships in her life and her work against the victimization of women. Throughout the article psychoanalytic interpretations, social history, and feminist analyses are integrated to provide a contextualized examination of Pappenheim's life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kimball
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007046:Hysteria / Q000266:history*; D007585:Jews / Q000266:history; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D016387:Women's Health; D014933:Women's Rights / Q000266:history