title: [Refractory anemia and preleukemia: an analysis of 92 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between MDS-RA (refractory anemia subtype of myelodysplastic syndromes) and preleukemia (PL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hematological parameters of 86 RA and 6 PL patients were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four RA cases (39.53%) transformed into acute leukemia (AL), RA with excess blasts (RAEB), or RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t). As compared with 52 non-transformed RA cases, the transformed cases showed the following hematological features: 1. higher frequencies of immature granulocytes (P < 0.005), erythroblasts (P < 0.05) and megaloerythrocytes (P < 0.05), and higher granulocyte nuclear lobulation (P < 0.001) in peripheral blood; 2. higher percentages of early erythroid and granulocytic lineages (P < 0.05), and higher frequencies of erythroblasts with multiple nuclei (P < 0.05), pseudo Pelger-Huet abnormality (P < 0.05), and micromegakaryocytes (P < 0.005) in bone marrow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a higher overlap between RA and PL; the above hematological features may be useful for predicting the transformation of RA patients. Based on those findings, a score system for predicting the transformation of RA was proposed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology, CAMS and PUMC, Tianjin 300020.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000753:Anemia, Refractory / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D011289:Preleukemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies