title: Simulated learning environments in anatomy and surgery delivered via the next generation internet.
abstract: The Next Generation Internet (NGI) will provide high bandwidth, guaranteed Quality of Service, collaboration and security, features that are not available in today's Internet. Applications that take advantage of these features will need to build them into their pedagogic requirements. We present the Anatomy Workbench and the Surgery Workbench, two applications that require most of these features of the NGI. We used pedagogic need and NGI features to define a set of applications that would be difficult to operate on the current Internet, and that would require the features of the NGI. These applications require rich graphics and visualization, and extensive haptic interaction with biomechanical models that represent bony and soft tissue. We are in the process of implementing these applications, and some examples are presented here. An additional feature that we required was that the applications be scalable such that they could run on either on a low-end desktop device with minimal manipulation tools or on a fully outfitted high-end graphic computer with a realistic set of surgical tools. The Anatomy and Surgery Workbenches will be used to test the features of the NGI, and to show the importance of these new features for innovative educational applications.
authors.affiliation: SUMMIT, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5466, USA. Parvati.dev@stanford.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dev
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Heinrichs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Temkin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hasser
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Latombe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heegaard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Youngblood
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waldron
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet