title: 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates human adipocyte metabolism via nongenomic action.
abstract: We reported recently that suppression of the renal 1alpha,25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 (1lpha,25-(OH)2-D3) production in aP2-agouti transgenic mice by increasing dietary calcium decreases adipocyte intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), stimulates lipolysis, inhibits lipogenesis, and reduces adiposity. However, it was not clear whether this modulation of adipocyte metabolism by dietary calcium is a direct effect of inhibition of 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3-induced [Ca2+]i. Accordingly, we have now evaluated the direct role of 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3. Human adipocytes exhibited a 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 dose-responsive (1-50 nM) increase in [Ca2+]i (P<0.01). This action was mimicked by 1alpha,25-dihyroxylumisterol3 (1alpha,25-(OH)2-lumisterol3) (P<0.001), a specific agonist for a putative membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR), and completely prevented by 1b,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1beta,25-(OH)2-D3), a specific antagonist for the mVDR. Similarly, 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 (5 nM) caused 50%-100% increases in adipocyte fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression and activity (P<0.02), a 61% increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity (P<0.01), and an 80% inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis (P<0.001), whereas 1beta,25-(OH)2-D3 completely blocked all these effects. Notably, 1alpha,25-(OH)2-lumisterol3 exerted more potent effects in modulating adipocyte lipid metabolism, with 2.5- to 3.0-fold increases in FAS expression and activity (P<0.001) and a threefold increase in GPDH activity (P<0.001). Also 1alpha,25-(OH)2-lumisterol3 was approximately twice as potent in inhibiting basal lipolysis (P<0.025), whereas 1beta,25-(OH)2-D3 completely blocked all these effects. These data suggest that 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 modulates adipocyte Ca2+ signaling and, consequently, exerts a coordinated control over lipogenesis and lipolysis. Thus, a direct inhibition of 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3-induced [Ca2+]i may contribute to an anti-obesity effect of dietary calcium, and the mVDR may represent an important target for obesity.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zemel
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004100:Dihydroxycholecalciferols / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004100:Dihydroxycholecalciferols; D008055:Lipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D002117:Calcitriol; D007545:Isoproterenol; D002118:Calcium