title: Cyclosporine and long-term kidney graft survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous analysis of kidney transplant data from the Collaborative Transplant Study database showed that patients receiving cyclosporine 3-6 mg/kg/day 1 year posttransplantation had the best graft survival rate 7 years posttransplantation. Longer-term and additional analyses have now been performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from cadaver kidney transplants performed between 1985 and 1998 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were included if they had a functioning graft 1 year posttransplantation, and the daily cyclosporine dose administered 1 year posttransplantation was reported. Data on cyclosporine dose, serum creatinine concentration, and systolic blood pressure were recorded 1 and 5 years after transplantation; information on graft survival was documented at yearly intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving cyclosporine 3-6 mg/kg/day 1 year posttransplantation had the best graft survival rate 10 years posttransplantation. Cyclosporine <2 mg/kg/day was least beneficial overall and in subanalyses based on age, risk level, and 1-year serum creatinine concentration. The microemulsion cyclosporine formulation (Neoral) was associated with a significantly higher 4-year graft survival rate than the conventional formulation (Sandimmune; P=0.0001). Median systolic blood pressure 5 years posttransplantation was similar in each 1-year cyclosporine dose category (range of medians 139.0-140.0 mmHg). The percentages of patients with serum creatinine concentrations of <130, 130-260, 260-400, or >400 micromol/L 1 and 5 years posttransplantation were similar across 1-year cyclosporine dose categories, with the exception of >6 mg/kg/day, where there was a shift toward a less favorable serum creatinine concentration over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1-year cyclosporine dose was significantly associated with long-term graft survival, with evidence of underimmunosuppression at doses <3 mg/kg/day and overimmunosuppression at doses >6 mg/kg/day, but had little influence on systolic blood pressure or serum creatinine concentration at doses up to 6 mg/kg/day.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opelz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Döhler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine