title: Predicting prostate biopsy outcome by findings at digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography, PSA, PSA density and free-to-total PSA ratio in a population-based screening setting.
abstract: The study offers a retrospective analysis of the positive predictive value (PPV) of several variables, i.e. digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), PSA value, PSA density (PSAD), and free/total PSA ratio (F/T), for the histologic outcome of 179 prostate biopsies performed within a population-based screening trial. The ratio of spared benign biopsies to missed cancers (SBB/MC) if biopsy results had been decided on the basis of single variables was also evaluated. PPV was 82.9% for DRE, 56.3% for TRUS, 26.6% for PSA (cutoff > or =4 ng/mL), 47.4% for PSA (cutoff > or =10 ng/mL), 42.0% for PSAD (cutoff 0.15), 59.2% for PSAD (cutoff 0.20), 34.9% for F/T (cutoff 0.20) and 40.0% for F/T (cutoff 0.15). SBB/MC was 121/23 for DRE, 96/12 for TRUS, 11/10 for PSA (cutoff > or =4 ng/mL), 107/34 for PSA (cutoff > or =10 ng/mL), 87/23 for PSAD (cutoff 0.15), 109/26 for PSAD (cutoff 0.20), 45/8 for F/T (cutoff 0.20) and 70/14 for F/T (cutoff 0.15). Multivariate analysis of the association with biopsy outcome showed the highest odds ratio for TRUS (13.24, 95% CI=4.4-30.7), and considerably lower values for DRE (4.17, 95% CI=2.0-8-9), PSAD (cutoff 0.20: 3.24, 95% CI=-1.8-5.7) and F/T (cutoff <0.15: 3.16, 95% CI=1.7-1.8). None of the possible variable combinations was clinically useful: the highest PPV (83.3%) was obtained with a combination of suspicious DRE/TRUS, PSAD >0.20 and F/T <0.15, which nevertheless missed 20 of 52 cancers.
authors.affiliation: Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciatto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonardi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagnoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Agata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gervasi
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen