title: Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is defined as the anemia occurring in chronic infections and inflammatory conditions, that is not due to marrow deficiencies or other diseases and in the presence of adequate iron stores and vitamins. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether periodontitis patients show signs of anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  39 patients with severe periodontitis, 71 patients with moderate periodontitis and 42 controls, all with good general health, participated in this study. The mean age of all groups was 42 years. Several red blood cell parameters were determined from peripheral blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall data analysis indicated that periodontitis patients have a lower hematocrit, lower numbers of erythrocytes, lower hemoglobin levels and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates. These results were adjusted for the following possible confounders: gender, age, smoking, ethnicity and level of education. Further, more periodontitis patients (23%) than controls (7%), had hemoglobin levels below the normal reference range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides further evidence that periodontitis has systemic effects and that periodontitis may tend towards anemia. This phenomenon may be explained by a depressed erythropoiesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varoufaki
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Huffels
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hoek
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Loos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006452:Hemoglobinometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking