title: Dose-dependent and independent temporal patterns of gene responses to ionizing radiation in normal and tumor cells and tumor xenografts.
abstract: U87 cells derived from human malignant gliomas and growtharrested human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts were examined with respect to their response to ionizing radiation by profiling their RNAs. In the first series of experiments, cells grown in vitro were harvested and the RNAs were extracted 5 h after exposure to 1, 3, or 10 Gy. In the second series of experiments the U87 tumors were implanted in nude mice and subjected to the same doses of irradiation. The xenografts were harvested at 1, 5, or 24 h after irradiation and subjected to the same analyses. We observed and report on (i) cell-type common and cell-type specific responses, (ii) genes induced at low levels of irradiation but not at higher doses, (iii) temporal patterns of gene response in U87 xenografts that varied depending on radiation dose and temporal patterns of response that were similar at all doses tested, (iv) significantly higher up-regulation of cells in xenografts than in in vitro cultures, and (v) genes highly up-regulated by radiation. The responding genes could be grouped into nine functional clusters. The representation of the nine clusters was to some extent dependent on dose and time after irradiation. The results suggest that clinical outcome of ionizing radiation treatment may benefit significantly by taking into account both cell-type and radiation-dose specificity of cellular responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Khodarev
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nodzenski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roizman
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Weichselbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000528:radiation effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012326:RNA Splicing; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; C497263:PRKDC protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases