title: Therapeutic intervention with inhibitors of co-stimulatory pathways in autoimmune disease.
abstract: Many humanized antibodies and fusion proteins targeting T-cell co-stimulatory molecules are now in late-stage clinical development (phase II, phase III) or have recently completed phase III clinical trials. Both Amevive, an LFA-3-Ig fusion protein targeting CD2, and Xanelim, a humanized anti-CD11a antibody, have shown efficacy in pivotal phase III trials in patients with plaque psoriasis. These new medicines are poised to enter clinical use in 2002.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Inflammation Drug Discovery, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA. alejandro.aruffo@bms.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aruffo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hollenbaugh
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018801:CD2 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D016023:Integrins / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000276:immunology; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D016023:Integrins; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins