Effect of energy source and xylanase addition on energy metabolism, performance, chemical body composition and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) of broilers.
Three diets containing either no supplemented fat (LF), 12% soybean oil (SO) or 12% coconut oil (CO) were fed to broilers to examine energy utilization in two experiments. Heat production and energy retained as fat and protein were measured in the first experiment using a respiration technique in combination with C- and N-balance and controlled (pair-fed) feeding conditions. Growth performance, carcass composition, chemical body composition and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) were evaluated in a second experiment under ad libitum feeding conditions (from hatching to day 35). Moreover, each of the three diet types was tested with or without the addition of a xylanase-containing enzyme preparation in the growth experiment. Energy utilization (experiment 1), expressed as the ratio between total retained energy and metabolizable energy intake, amounted to 0.33, 0.36 and 0.39 in LF-, SO- and CO-fed groups, respectively. Applying ad libitum feeding conditions in the second experiment caused a significant reduction in feed intake and weight gain in broilers fed the CO-diet. The feed-to-gain ratio was significantly lower in birds given the fat-supplemented diets. The highest degree of fatness as indicated by the highest percentage of abdominal and visceral fat and by highest total fat content was found in birds fed the CO-diet. The higher the body protein content and the lower the body fat content, the higher the TOBEC value should be. This was confirmed when LF-fed broilers were compared to their CO-fed counterparts. However, fat type seemed to be related to TOBEC values since SO-fed broilers had similar TOBEC values as CO-fed birds, whereas chemical body composition was comparable to LF-fed broilers. Xylanase addition significantly increased weight gain up to 21 days of age and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio slightly, whereas none of the other parameters were influenced by this treatment. An interaction between energy source and enzyme supplementation was not observed. It is concluded that feeding of coconut oil was most effective in terms of energy retention, but failed to induce an adequate performance under ad libitum feeding conditions due to a reduced voluntary feed intake. TOBEC measurements in relation to chemical body composition were rather inconclusive.
Dänicke
S
S
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Center (FAL), Braunschweig, Germany. sven.danicke@fal.de
Halle
I
I
Strobel
E
E
Franke
E
E
Jeroch
H
H
D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000662:veterinary; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012119:Respiration; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D043325:Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
D004041:Dietary Fats; D010938:Plant Oils; D013024:Soybean Oil; D014995:Xylosidases; D043325:Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; D000074263:Coconut Oil