title: The effect of a combination of medetomidine-butorphanol and medetomidine, butorphanol, atropine on glomerular filtration rate in dogs.
abstract: The effects of intramuscularly administered medetomidine and butorphanol (MB), and medetomidine, butorphanol, atropine (MBA) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined in six dogs as measured by 99m-Tc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) nuclear scintigraphy. Direct systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate were measured at regular time intervals before, during, and after GFR calculations. The mean GFR measurement following MB was significantly greater (4.44 ml/min/kg) than following MBA (3.82 ml/min/kg) or saline treatment (3.41 ml/min/kg). There was no significant difference between the mean GFR measurements following MBA injection and following saline injection. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures following MBA injection were significantly higher than the values recorded after either MB or saline alone. Heart rate following MB administration was significantly lower than that recorded for dogs receiving MBA or saline alone. The results of this study indicate that the administration of medetomidine in combination with butorphanol significantly increases total GFR in healthy dogs, while the administration of the combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and atropine does not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kneller
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Tranquilli
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Crochik
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Podolski
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D011897:Random Allocation; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001285:Atropine; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate