title: Creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts with stent-grafts: initial experiences with a polytetrafluoroethylene-covered nitinol endoprosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and performance of a recently developed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered nitinol stent-graft to create transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with portal hypertension and related complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ePTFE-covered nitinol stent-graft was used to create TIPS in 16 patients with recurrent variceal bleeding (n = 13) or refractory ascites (n = 3). Follow-up was performed with duplex ultrasonography, clinical assessment, and venography at 6 months. Technical success and portosystemic pressure gradients (PPGs) before and after stent-graft implantation and at follow-up were assessed. Two patients died during follow-up. Histopathologic follow-up data were available for one patient at autopsy and for the other after liver transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implantation technical success rate was 100%. Mean (+/- SD) PPG was reduced from 24 mm Hg +/- 5 to 9 mm Hg +/- 2. Histopathologic analysis of the explanted endoprostheses revealed no inflammatory response or neointima formation. The venographic follow-up data available for 10 patients demonstrated 100% in-graft patency (mean follow-up, 289 days +/- 26). Revisions with implantation of a new ePTFE-covered nitinol stent-graft or another commercially available stent in 10 patients were necessary because of hepatic vein stenosis above the grafted portion and/or relative diameter mismatch causing TIPS dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ePTFE-covered nitinol stent-graft was used successfully to create TIPS and has the potential to prolong TIPS patency upon complete coverage to the hepatocaval junction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. manfred.cejna@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cejna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peck-Radosavljevic
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thurnher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hittmair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schoder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lammer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000497:Alloys; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000009:adverse effects; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene