title: Computerized neurocognitive scanning: II. The profile of schizophrenia.
abstract: Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is well established with neuropsychological batteries, which have assessed multiple domains indicating diffuse deficits especially in processing related to frontotemporal systems. Two studies are reported examining the feasibility of the computerized neurocognitive scan to assess differential deficits in schizophrenia. In Study 1, we tested 53 patients and 71 controls with the traditional and computerized assessments counterbalanced in order. Both showed comparable generalized impairment in schizophrenia with differential deficits in executive functions and memory. The profile was replicated in Study 2 in a new sample of 68 patients and 37 controls, receiving only the computerized scan. The combined sample showed robust correlations between performance on both speed and accuracy measures of the neurocognitive scan and clinical variables, including premorbid adjustment, onset age, illness duration, quality of life, and severity of negative symptoms. These correlations were higher and more prevalent in women than men, who showed correlations predominantly for speed rather than accuracy. Neuroleptic exposure was associated with poorer performance only for speed of memory processing, and in men, this association was seen only for typical neuroleptics. We conclude that the computerized neurocognitive scan can be applied reliably in people with schizophrenia, yielding data that support its construct and criterion validity.
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Research Center, Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. gur@bbl.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ragland
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Moberg
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Bilker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology