title: A preliminary assessment of the potential of the Muschovy duck (Cairina maschata) as a biocontrol agent of schistosomiasis intermediate host snails.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of Muschovy ducks on snail populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Populations of four different snail species were monitored in nine ponds for a period of 32 weeks. Zero, one and two ducks were randomly introduced to a set of three ponds in the 16th, 20th and 24th week.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine fenced ponds at De Beers Research Laboratory, Chiredzi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reduction in snail population following introduction of ducks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean counts for the intervention period showed that more intermediate host snails (Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi) were present in ponds where ducks were not introduced (control) than in ponds where either one or two ducks were introduced. In control ponds the mean counts for intermediate host snails were 1.37, 1.03 and 1.02 for control, treatment with one duck and treatment with two ducks respectively. Similar observations were made for Physa acuta, with mean counts of 1.10, 0.64 and 0.67 for control, treatment with one duck and treatment with two ducks, respectively. No differences were observed in snail counts of Melanoides turbeculata where 2.40 snails were collected from the control pond and 2.37 snails in both treatment ponds. There was no significant difference in number of snails in ponds with one or two ducks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that Muschovy ducks significantly reduce snail populations in a pond environment. Further studies are required in large natural ponds before conclusive recommendations are made on the use of Muschovy ducks as biological control agents of schistosomiasis intermediate host snails can be drawn.
authors.affiliation: Blair Research Laboratory, PO Box CY 573, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ndlela
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chimbari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology*; D002033:Bulinus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology*; D004199:Disease Vectors; D004372:Ducks / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D011156:Population Density; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D015030:Zimbabwe