Well-being of intensive care nurses (WEBIC): a job analytic approach.
OBJECTIVE
This paper presents the results of a validation study of the so-called well-being of intensive care nurses (WEBIC)-questionnaire that is designed to perform a detailed job analysis of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' jobs.


BACKGROUND
The WEBIC-questionnaire is based on modern sociotechnical systems theory, and distinguishes four integrated task categories: (1) operational, (2) organizing, (3) preparatory, and (4) supportive tasks. For each task, the WEBIC assesses (1) how demanding this task is, and (2) how satisfying the performance of this task is. Using the WEBIC, information is gathered about ICU nurses' qualitative workload, and typical job-related risks for ICU nurses' well-being at work can be mapped.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey on work and well-being of almost 2000 ICU-nurses in 13 different European areas was conducted. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to study the validity of the factorial structure of the WEBIC-questionnaire. The construct validity of the WEBIC-questionnaire was studied by performing hierarchical multiple regression analyses of the WEBIC-factors on two types of job-related well-being, i.e. burnout and general job satisfaction.


RESULTS
Results of the exploratory factor analyses showed that the hypothesized four-factor structure of the WEBIC is confirmed by our data. Internal consistencies of the different factors varied from 0.77 to 0.91. Intensive care unit nurses' most central (operational) tasks turned out to pose the greatest demands, but also seemed to drive their satisfaction. With respect to the relationships between the four WEBIC-factors, and burnout and general job satisfaction, it was found that, especially for the satisfying tasks, significant relationships with these outcomes were found.


CONCLUSIONS
The reliability and construct validity of the WEBIC-questionnaire can be considered satisfactory. Furthermore, the questionnaire provides a systematical and detailed coverage of ICU nurses' tasks. In relation to this, the questionnaire is not only useful for scientific purposes but also for practical use.
Le Blanc
P M
PM
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. p.leblanc@fss.uu.nl
de Jonge
J
J
de Rijk
A E
AE
Schaufeli
W B
WB
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007587:Job Description; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016526:Workload