title: In vivo accuracy of multispectral magnetic resonance imaging for identifying lipid-rich necrotic cores and intraplaque hemorrhage in advanced human carotid plaques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-resolution MRI has been shown to be capable of identifying plaque constituents, such as the necrotic core and intraplaque hemorrhage, in human carotid atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differential contrast-weighted images, specifically a multispectral MR technique, to improve the accuracy of identifying the lipid-rich necrotic core and acute intraplaque hemorrhage in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent a preoperative carotid MRI examination in a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner using a protocol that generated 4 contrast weightings (T1, T2, proton density, and 3D time of flight). MR images of the vessel wall were examined for the presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core and/or intraplaque hemorrhage. Ninety cross sections were compared with matched histological sections of the excised specimen in a double-blinded fashion. Overall accuracy (95% CI) of multispectral MRI was 87% (80% to 94%), sensitivity was 85% (78% to 92%), and specificity was 92% (86% to 98%). There was good agreement between MRI and histological findings, with a value of kappa=0.69 (0.53 to 0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multispectral MRI can identify the lipid-rich necrotic core in human carotid atherosclerosis in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. This MRI technique provides a noninvasive tool to study the pathogenesis and natural history of carotid atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it will permit a direct assessment of the effect of pharmacological therapy, such as aggressive lipid lowering, on plaque lipid composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. cyuan@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Polissar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Echelard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kerwin
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
mesh_terms: D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009336:Necrosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity