title: Functional regulator treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions.
abstract: This controlled retrospective study aimed to identify the contribution of skeletal and dental changes in the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusions using Fränkel's functional regulator II (FRII), with reference to a concurrently recruited control group. One hundred and thirty-eight patients with Class II division 1 malocclusions were identified, those accepting treatment forming the study group and those declining treatment the control group. The study group (n = 70) were treated with a Fränkel appliance. Pre- and post-treatment observation cephalometric radiographs were analysed and compared. Mean values for both skeletal and dental variables in the control group were remarkably consistent throughout the study period; however, this masked individual variations in this group. The skeletal variables in the study group that showed statistically significant differences from the control group were SNB, ANB, BaNA and ANS-Me, but none of these was sufficiently large to be regarded as clinically significant. Dental variables showed clinically and statistically significant differences, including a 10 degree reduction in UI-Max and 3.1 degree increase in LI-Mand. The Fränkel appliance was thus found to be effective in producing desirable occlusal and dental changes in the majority of patients treated.
authors.affiliation: Countess of Chester NHS Trust, Health Park, Liverpool Road, Chester, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Aird
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bearn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014070:Tooth / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome