title: Muscle-based gene therapy and tissue engineering.
abstract: The development of new biological approaches based on cell and gene therapies, in combination with tissue engineering, may create innovative ways to treat various tissues of the musculoskeletal system. It is vital for practicing orthopaedic surgeons to understand the terminology, fundamental concepts, and current research in this burgeoning field so that they may practice their discipline in its fullest form. Such techniques, coupled with advances in cell biology and polymer chemistry, are resulting in novel approaches to treating musculoskeletal disorders in which surgeons, who have traditionally used the tools of excision and reconstruction to treat patients, may now serve as surgical gardeners who create microenvironments that are conducive for tissue regeneration. Gene therapy and tissue engineering applications for bone healing, articular disorders, and skeletal muscle diseases and injuries are currently being explored. This review is intended to update readers on the principles and current advances in muscle-based gene therapy and tissue engineering for the musculoskeletal system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2583, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pelinkovic
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D005544:Forecasting; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000293:injuries; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2