title: Routine exploratory thoracentesis in ICU patients with pleural effusions: results of a French questionnaire study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to report the opinions of intensivists regarding pleural effusions in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to 1,032 intensivists, who were members of the French Society of Critical Care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred thirty-one questionnaires (41.7%) were returned. Overall, the respondents' estimated the incidence of pleural effusion in ICU patients to be 22.19 +/- 17%, whereas 37 +/- 27% considered that exploratory thoracentesis was likely to determine the cause of the effusion, and 17.36 +/- 16% considered that its results were likely to result in a change in their therapeutic attitude. Sixty-five (15%) physicians, chiefly pulmonologists, performed exploratory thoracentesis routinely (Group 1). Compared with those who did not perform routine thoracentesis (Group 2), they ascribed a higher proportion of pleural effusions to infection (31.3% vs. 13.5%) and were more likely to consider that exploratory thoracentesis had a diagnostic and therapeutic contribution (51.2% vs. 34% and 23% vs. 16%, respectively). In addition to the respiratory medicine subspecialty, the practice of routine exploratory thoracentesis was significantly related to seniority, to the frequency of the suspicion of an infectious cause in the physician's practice, and to his or her appreciation of the risks associated with exploratory thoracentesis. Physicians from Group 1 were also more likely to describe exploratory thoracentesis as a noninvasive procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beliefs and attitudes of intensivists regarding pleural effusions and exploratory thoracentesis are divergent. This may be due to the lack of precise guidelines on the topic and prompt the design of further studies to establish precisely the epidemiology and causes of pleural effusions in ICU patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azoulay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fartoukh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Similowski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galliot
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soufir
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Le Gall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chevret
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schlemmer
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005602:France; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*