The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation.
Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Apg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. Several key reactions performed by these proteins have been described, but a comprehensive understanding of the overall network is still lacking. Based on Apg protein localization, we have identified a novel structure that functions in autophagosome formation. This pre-autophagosomal structure, containing at least five Apg proteins, i.e. Apg1p, Apg2p, Apg5p, Aut7p/Apg8p and Apg16p, is localized in the vicinity of the vacuole. Analysis of apg mutants revealed that the formation of both a phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated Aut7p and an Apg12p- Apg5p conjugate is essential for the localization of Aut7p to the pre-autophagosomal structure. Vps30p/Apg6p and Apg14p, components of an autophagy- specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, Apg9p and Apg16p are all required for the localization of Apg5p and Aut7p to the structure. The Apg1p protein kinase complex functions in the late stage of autophagosome formation. Here, we present the classification of Apg proteins into three groups that reflect each step of autophagosome formation.
Suzuki
K
K
Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
Kirisako
T
T
Kamada
Y
Y
Mizushima
N
N
Noda
T
T
Ohsumi
Y
Y
D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016296:Mutagenesis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014157:Transcription Factors; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
C498649:ATG16 protein, S cerevisiae; C102268:ATG5 protein, S cerevisiae; C113757:ATG8 protein, S cerevisiae; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C402377:VPS30 protein, S cerevisiae; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases