Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity as a dynamic measure of cardiac anticholinergic drug effect.
1. In this study, the analysis of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was applied to the dynamic assessment of cardiac anticholinergic drug effect in healthy male volunteers. 2. The anticholinergic effects of single intravenous (i.v.) injections of atropine (10 microg kg(-1)), glycopyrrolate (5 microg kg(-1)) and scopolamine (5 microg kg(-1)), as well as a 2-h infusion of glycopyrrolate (5 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) were investigated. Baroreflex sensitivity, a validated measure of cardiac parasympathetic reflex regulation, was repeatedly measured from 5-min recordings of electrocardiogram (ECG) and continuous blood pressure by using the sequence technique, a method based on detection of spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate. 3. Single injections of atropine, glycopyrrolate and scopolamine decreased the mean BRS by 71 +/- 32, 68 +/- 23 and 27 +/- 45%, respectively, whereas the slow glycopyrrolate infusion gradually decreased BRS (up to 83 +/- 11% reduction) and increased both systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressures (DAP) (on an average, by 9 mmHg). 4. During the withdrawal of the parasympathetic blockade (indicated by increasing BRS), the proportion of baroreflex sequences in the recordings increased transiently from 10 up to 20-25%, probably reflecting the restoration of the baroreflex integrity and the baroreflex-induced attempt to counteract the blood pressure increase. 5. The sequence method to study BRS seems to be feasible in the assessment of cardiac anticholinergic drug effects, and it also provides good time resolution for the dynamic measurements.
Penttilä
J
J
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Vesalainen
R
R
Helminen
A
A
Kuusela
T
T
Hinkka
S
S
Rahi
K
K
Kaila
T
T
Scheinin
H
H
D000328:Adult; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology
D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D001285:Atropine; D012601:Scopolamine; D006024:Glycopyrrolate