Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production associated with innate and adaptive immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders and developmental regression.
We determined innate and adaptive immune responses in children with developmental regression and autism spectrum disorders (ASD, N=71), developmentally normal siblings (N=23), and controls (N=17). With lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a stimulant for innate immunity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 59/71 (83.1%) ASD patients produced >2 SD above the control mean (CM) values of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and/or IL-6 produced by control PBMCs. ASD PBMCs produced higher levels of proinflammatory/counter-regulatory cytokines without stimuli than controls. With stimulants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), tetanus, IL-12p70, and IL-18, PBMCs from 47.9% to 60% of ASD patients produced >2 SD above the CM values of TNF-alpha depending on stimulants. Our results indicate excessive innate immune responses in a number of ASD children that may be most evident in TNF-alpha production.
Jyonouchi
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Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MMC 610 FUMC, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. jyono001@tc.umn.edu
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D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000276:immunology*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000276:immunology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007114:Immunization / Q000009:adverse effects; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012043:Regression, Psychology
D016207:Cytokines; D004044:Dietary Proteins