title: Value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cholesterol assays of ascitic fluid in cases of inconclusive cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether assays of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cholesterol in ascites add diagnostic value to cytology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The additional diagnostic efficacy of the biochemical assays was studied in the ascitic fluid from 130 patients, of whom 57 had peritoneal carcinomatosis. All diagnoses were verified by subsequent necropsy and/or histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CEA concentrations over 5 ng/ml indicated carcinomas, occasionally without peritoneal involvement of the tumour. However, increased values were significantly more common in cancer with peritoneal involvement (p < 0.01), giving a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 97% for carcinomatosis. A cholesterol value exceeding 1.21 mmol/litre was found in 93% of cancers with peritoneal involvement, but it was not entirely specific (96%) for carcinomatosis. Simultaneous increases in CEA and cholesterol concentrations were specific for carcinomatosis and this combination increased the sensitivity for diagnosing carcinomatosis from 77% with cytology alone to 88%. The correct diagnosis could thus be made in five of 12 cases with inconclusive cytology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurements of both CEA and cholesterol concentrations in ascites give additional specific information about peritoneal carcinomatosis and can therefore be a useful adjunct to cytology-in particular, in inconclusive cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of IMPI, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, F46 Huddinge University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden. miklos.gulyas@impi.ki.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulyás
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaposi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elek
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Szollár
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjerpe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D002784:Cholesterol