title: Trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) with lipiodol injection for localization of the prostatic apex before radiotherapy planning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate reliability of Trans-rectal ultra-sonography (TRUS) guidance with lipiodol injection for prostate localization before radiotherapy planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 1997 to March 2000, 31 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma and six patients with anastomotic recurrence after radical prostatectomy had TRUS-guided injection of lipiodol. Two milliliters of lipiodol were injected into each side of the prostate and 1 ml into both seminal vesicles with a 22 Gauge CHIBA needle and US probe guide before radiotherapy planning. We had established a contrast quality index (0 for no prostate enhancement to 5 for efficient pacification without any diffusion). On simulation films, we had performed anatomic measurements for comparison with other anatomic studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all 37 patients, TRUS-guided injection was well tolerated. Among 31 patients with the prostate in situ, three had no apex opacification and 15 had no vesicle enhancement or peri-vesicle space diffusion. However, in 19 patients there was good contrast quality with an index score of > or =3. The majority of patients had prostatic apex between 1.5 and 3.5 cm from ischial tuberosities ligne (27 from 28 evaluable for apex). Among 19 evaluable patients, 15 had seminal vesicles 2-4 cm above the top of pubis. For six patients with anastomotic recurrence after radical prostatectomy, lipiodol was precious aid to locate it. We had only one failure because of a precocious bladder absorption relating to a delay which is too long between rectal probe locating and portal films.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRUS injection of lipiodol is a simple, inexpensive, relatively safe technique for localization of prostatic apex, but not appropriate for seminal vesicles enhancement. This is also an interesting method to locate anastomotic recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiothérapie, Clinique Pasteur, 45 Avenue de Lombez, 31300 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dudouet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Portalez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lhez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Elman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Larroque
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bachaud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redon
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ribot
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007459:Iodized Oil