title: Effects of Bt cotton and crylac toxin on survival and development of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).
abstract: We evaluated the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin CrylAc on survival and development of a susceptible strain and laboratory-selected resistant strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). For susceptible and resistant strains tested on artificial diet, increases in CrylAc concentration reduced developmental rate and pupal weight. In greenhouse tests, survival of resistant larvae on transgenic cotton that produces CrylAc (Bt cotton) was 46% relative to their survival on non-Bt cotton. In contrast, Bt cotton killed all susceptible larvae tested. F1 hybrid progeny of resistant and susceptible adults did not survive on Bt cotton, which indicates recessive inheritance of resistance. Compared with resistant or susceptible larvae reared on non-Bt cotton, resistant larvae reared on Bt cotton had lower survival and slower development, and achieved lower pupal weight and fecundity. Recessive resistance to Bt cotton is consistent with one of the basic assumptions of the refuge strategy for delaying resistance to Bt cotton. Whereas slower development of resistant insects on Bt cotton could increase the probability of mating between resistant adults and accelerate resistance, negative effects of Bt cotton on the survival and development of resistant larvae could delay evolution of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Tabashnik
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dennehy
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Patin
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Carrière
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D003368:Gossypium; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012744:Sex Ratio
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis