title: Variability effects on retention of a motor skill in elementary school children.
abstract: Variability effects on learning, retention, and transfer of motor skills have been a main issue for scientists involved in laboratory and field research. Variable practice is intended as parameter variations of a generalized motor program as well as rehearsal of different motor programs. Although the benefits deriving from variable practice on motor skill retention appear quite robust in laboratory settings, field investigations have produced mixed results. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of different variable schedules on the retention of a complex min tor skill in a physical education setting. 61 elementary school children were assigned Blocked/Nonvariable, Blocked/Variable, Serial/Nonvariable, or Serial/Variable schedules, and practiced two tasks (throwing and hurdle running) and a complex skill (jumping) across 14 lessons. Improved performance in the complex skill was found after practice, with the Serial/Nonvariable group outperforming all other groups. Therefore. the rehearsal of different motor programs was beneficial for jumping skill retention, whereas parameter variation was not.
authors.affiliation: Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scienze Motorie, Università di Padova, Italy. bortoli@antenore.com
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bortoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spagolla
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robazza
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D013334:Students