title: A comprehensive analysis of cytokine-induced and nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent genes in primary rat pancreatic beta-cells.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma, are putative mediators of immune-induced beta-cell death and, under in vitro conditions, cause beta-cell apoptosis. We have recently shown that interleukin-1 beta + interferon-gamma modifies the expression of >200 genes in beta-cells. Several of these genes are putative targets for the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), and in subsequent experiments we showed that NF-kappa B activation is mostly pro-apoptotic in beta-cells. To identify cytokine-induced and NF-kappa B-regulated genes in primary rat beta-cells, we presently combined two experimental approaches: 1) blocking of NF-kappa B activation in cytokine-exposed beta-cells by a recombinant adenovirus (AdI kappa B((SA)2)) containing an inhibitor of NF-kappa B alpha (I kappa Bac) super-repressor (S32A/S36A) and 2) study of gene expression by microarray analysis. We identified 66 cytokine-modified and NF-kappa B-regulated genes in beta-cells. Cytokine-induced NF-kappa B activation decreased Pdx-1 and increased c-Myc expression. This, together with NF-kappa B-dependent inhibition of Glut-2, pro-hormone convertase-1, and Isl-1 expression, probably contributes to the loss of differentiated beta-cell functions. NF-kappa B also regulates several genes encoding for chemokines and cytokines in beta-cells. The present data suggest that NF-kappa B is a key "switch regulator" of transcription factors and gene networks controlling cytokine-induced beta-cell dysfunction and death.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cardozo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimberg
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heremans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leeman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kutlu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruhøffer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ørntoft
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Eizirik
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat