title: Spectroscopic Investigation of Reduced Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase: Charge-Induced Alterations in the Active Site Iron Coordination Environment.
abstract: Chemical reduction of the mononuclear ferric active site in the bacterial intradiol cleaving catecholic dioxygenase protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-PCD, Brevibacterium fuscum) produces a high-spin ferrous center. We have applied circular dichroism (CD), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), variable-temperature-variable-field (VTVH) MCD, X-ray absorption (XAS) pre-edge, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies to investigate the geometric and electronic structure of the reduced iron center. Excited-state ligand field CD and MCD data indicate that the site is six-coordinate where the (5)E(g) excited-state splitting is 2033 cm(-)(1). VTVH MCD analysis of the ground state indicates that the site has negative zero-field splitting with a small rhombic splitting of the lowest doublet (delta = 1.6 +/- 0.3 cm(-)(1)). XAS pre-edge analysis also indicates a six-coordinate site while EXAFS analysis provides accurate bond lengths. Since previous spectroscopic analysis and the crystal structure of oxidized 3,4-PCD indicate a five-coordinate ferric active site, the results presented here show that the coordination number increases upon reduction. This is attributed to the coordination of a second solvent ligand. The coordination number increase relative to the oxidized site also appears to be associated with a large decrease in the ligand donor strength in the reduced enzyme due to protonation of the original hydroxide ligand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and Department of Biochemistry and the Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
authors.forename: Mindy I.
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Erik C.
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wasinger
authors.forename: Tami E.
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Westre
authors.forename: Jeffrey M.
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zaleski
authors.forename: Allen M.
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Orville
authors.forename: John D.
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lipscomb
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: Keith O.
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Edward I.
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Solomon