title: Escherichia coli disinfection by electrohydraulic discharges.
abstract: We study the survival of single-strain Escherichia coli colonies in aqueous media exposed to 5.5 kV, 90 kA electrohydraulic discharges (EHD). The probability of survival (Pn) of a 4 x 10(7) cfu mL(-1) E. coli population after n consecutive EHDs follows a logit distribution: In(Pn/ 100 - Pn) = 1.329 - 1.579 ln n with r2 = 0.993 that corresponds to lethal doses of LD50 = 2.2 and LD90 = 10.5 EHDs. Considering that the reactor is thoroughly mixed during each discharge and that LD50 = 0.9 values are nearly independent of E. coli concentrations in the range of 2 x 10(3) < or = E coli/cfu mL(-1) < or = 3 x 10(6), we ascribe the nonexponential Pn decay of single-strain E. coli colonies to a shielding phenomenon where inactive cells protect the successively smaller numbers of viable cells in the EHD. The qualitatively similar concentration dependence observed for survival under 254 nm of radiation, in contrast with the lower resistance of denser colonies to 20 kHz power ultrasound and the delayed onset of extracellular beta-D-galactosidase activity in bacterial populations already decimated by EHDs, support the view that UV radiation is the dominant disinfection agent generated by electrohydraulic discharges.
authors.affiliation: W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Ching
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Colussi
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nealson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011210:Power Plants; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply