title: Effects of amphetamine, dexfenfluramine, diazepam, and other pharmacological and dietary manipulations on food "seeking" and "taking" behavior in non-human primates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Feeding consists of appetitive or foraging behavior followed by consummatory behavior.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if pharmacological manipulations can differentially affect appetitive and consummatory aspects of food intake, and to compare these results to those obtained using naturalistic dietary manipulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Responding of baboons was studied using a schedule of reinforcement that simulated food "seeking" and food "taking." Responding during the seeking component was reinforced by stimuli paired with food, while responding during the taking component was reinforced with food. The effects of intramuscular amphetamine (AMPH), dexfenfluramine (DFEN), diethylpropion (DEP), phencyclidine (PCP), diazepam (DZP), as well as caloric prefeeding and acute food deprivation were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMPH decreased food taking and increased food seeking, DEP decreased food taking without affecting food seeking, DFEN and PCP decreased both food taking and food seeking, while DZP increased both food taking and food seeking. Caloric prefeeding decreased food taking and increased food seeking, i.e., resembled AMPH, while acute deprivation increased both food taking and food seeking, i.e., resembled DZP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manipulations that increase dopamine turnover, such as AMPH, increase food seeking, while decreasing food intake. In contrast, manipulations that increase serotonin turnover, such as DFEN, decrease both food seeking and food taking.
authors.affiliation: Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA. rwf2@columbia.edu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Foltin
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020372:Dexfenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010215:Papio; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D000661:Amphetamine; D020372:Dexfenfluramine; D003975:Diazepam