title: Cytokine and nitric oxide release by J774A.1 macrophages is not regulated by estradiol.
abstract: Estradiol is able to regulate the release of inflammatory mediators by macrophages; however, the presence, extent, and direction of this modulation varies with species, tissue of origin, and cell culture conditions. This study examines the effects of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) on the release of inflammatory mediators by the J774A.1 mouse macrophage cell line. For experiments, cells were plated in phenol red-free DMEM containing 5% charcoal-dextran stripped calf serum. Western analysis showed that J774A.1 cells contain the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) protein. We found that physiological and pharmacological levels of E2 (10(-12) M-10(-6) M) have no effect on the release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). This suggests that J774A.1 cells grown under these culture conditions would be useful for the investigation of non-estrogen-dependent mechanisms by which certain endocrine disruptors may affect their targets in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. kwoodfork@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Woodfork
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Huffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004958:Estradiol