title: Changes in and effective factors of microtubule-associated protein 2 in traumatic neurons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate alterations in the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) of neurons in Wistar rats and the effect of nimodipine (Nim), D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP-5) and mild hypothermia on neuronal MAP-2 following fluid percussion injury (FPI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Alterations of MAP-2 in Wistar rat neurons following FPI were measured by a confocal laser-scanning microscope using MAP-2 immunofluorescence staining as a MAP-2 indicator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAP-2 immunofluorescence staining was limited to the cell bodies and dendritic compartments of neurons and more intense in dendrites than in cell bodies. The loss of MAP-2 was marked at 3 h post-trauma (P < 0.01), and reached a maximum at 48 h post-trauma. Afterwards, fluorescence recovered partly at 72 h post-trauma. The application of Nim markedly reduced the loss of MAP-2 immunoreactivity within 1 h post-trauma (P < 0.01), and the application of D-AP-5 markedly reduced the loss of MAP-2 immunoreactivity within 10 h post-injury (P < 0.01). The application of mild hypothermia decreased the loss of MAP-2 immunoreactivity within 1 h post-injury (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The partial recovery of fluorescence at 72 h post-trauma indicate that the partial structure of the neuronal microtubules can be repaired by itself. Nim, D-AP-5 and mild hypothermia reduce the degradation of MAP-2 by different mechanisms. The treatment of neuronal cytoskeleton degradation following FPI must employ multiple therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry*; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009553:Nimodipine; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate