title: Usefulness of daily +2Gz load as a countermeasure against physiological problems during weightlessness.
abstract: Adaptation to head-down-tilt bed rest as a simulated microgravity leads to an abnormality of reflex control of circulation, hypovolemia and reduction of exercise capacity. We hypothesized that this cardiovascular deconditioning and reduction of exercise capacity could be prevented by a daily 1 hr centrifugation at +2Gz. To test this hypothesis, twenty healthy male subjects underwent 4 day of 6 degrees head-down-tilt bed rest. Ten of them were exposed to a +2Gz load for up to 30 min twice per day (the Gz group). The remaining 10 were not exposed to a Gz load (the no-Gz group). We estimated autonomic cardiovascular control by power spectral analysis of blood pressure and R-R interval variability, and baroreflex regulation by the transfer function analysis and the sequence method, before and after bed rest. Further, we measured hematocrit as an index of changes in plasma volume and maximal oxygen consumption as an index of exercise capacity, before and after bed rest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the no-Gz group, heart rate increased after bed rest. The high frequency power of R-R interval variability as an index of cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity, baroreflex gains estimated by transfer function analysis and the sequence method as index of the integrated arterial-cardiac baroreflex function decreased significantly. Associated with these changes, the ratio of low to high frequency power of R-R as an indicator of cardiac sympathovagal balance tended to increase after bed rest in the no-Gz group. However, those showed no significant changes after bed rest in the Gz group. Hematocrit increased after bed rest in the no-Gz group. It also tended to increase in the Gz group, however it did not achieve statistical significance. Maximal oxygen consumption decreased significantly to similar extent in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result suggested that 1) a daily 1hr +2Gz load produced by a centrifuge might eliminate the changes in autonomic cardiovascular control during simulated weightlessness; 2) furthermore, it might partly reverse hypovolemia induced by bed rest; 3) however, it could not prevent the decreases in exercise capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene/Space Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo 173, Japan. kiwasaki@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirayanagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yajima
mesh_terms: D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D001510:Bed Rest; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018493:Cardiovascular Deconditioning / Q000502:physiology*; D002498:Centrifugation; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D018495:Fluid Shifts / Q000502:physiology; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006400:Hematocrit; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation