title: HMO penetration: has it hurt public hospitals?
abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration within the public hospitals' market area affects the financial performance and viability of these institutions, relative to private hospitals. Hospital- and market-specific measures are examined in a fully interacted model of over 2,300 hospitals in 321 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in 1995. Although hospitals located in markets with higher HMO penetration have lower financial performance as reflected in revenues, expenses and operating margin, public hospitals are not more disadvantaged than other hospitals by managed care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Administration, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Grazier
mesh_terms: D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D005377:Financial Management, Hospital; D019981:Health Care Sector; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000191:economics*; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000191:economics*; D007182:Income; D017059:Models, Econometric; D014481:United States