title: Birth weight and the risk of depressive disorder in late life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke and hypertension. Depression is highly associated with these conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between birth weight and depression in late life.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 882 singleton term births in the 1920s had contemporary records of birth weight and weight at 1 year. At 68 years all completed the Geriatric Depression Scale and 867 completed the Geriatric Mental State Examination. A logistic regression was used to analyse the associations between depression, birth weight and weight at 1 year while adjusting for known risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current social class, social class at birth, recent bereavement, social isolation and physical illness increased the risk of depression. After adjusting for these and weight at 1 year, the odds ratios for depression among men, but not women, rose incrementally with decreasing birth weight (1.0, 12.8; for continuous variable, P<0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foetal undernutrition predisposes men to depression in late adult life. If replicated, these results would suggest a neurodevelopmental aetiology of depression, possibly mediated by programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
authors.affiliation: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit and Community Clinical Sciences Research Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Syddall
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osmond
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors