title: Liver and thyroid function and autoimmunity during interferon-beta 1b treatment for MS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence or recurrence of autoimmune diseases or of autoantibodies (autoAb) has been reported during type I interferon (IFN) treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the frequency of thyroid and liver dysfunction and of autoimmunity during IFN-beta 1b (IFNB) treatment of MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective 1-year multicenter follow-up of 156 patients with MS recruited by 18 centers was conducted. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid autoAb were measured by an immunoradiometric method, thyroid hormones by chromatographic assay, and non-organ-specific autoAb by indirect immunofluorescence. Tests were repeated every 3 months. The probability of having liver, thyroid, or autoAb alterations was analyzed longitudinally with the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 5.3% of cases at baseline and 8.3% de novo during IFNB treatment. GEE analysis showed that the probability of having thyroid alteration did not change significantly during treatment compared with baseline. Liver alteration was observed in 4.6% of cases at baseline and 37.5% de novo during IFNB treatment (p < 0.0001). GEE analysis showed that the probability of having liver alteration was higher (p < 0.002) at months 3 and 6 compared with baseline, returning to values similar to baseline by month 9. AutoAb were detected in 16.1% of patients at baseline and in 20% during IFNB. GEE analysis showed that the probability of having autoAb did not change significantly during treatment compared with baseline. Thyroid or liver alteration or autoAb occurring de novo during IFNB were usually transient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differently from the frequency of liver function alteration (which significantly increased during the first months of IFNB treatment, suggesting a probable causal relationship with IFNB), the frequency of thyroid dysfunction or of autoimmunity showed random and insignificant changes over time, probably not related to IFNB treatment.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Universitá di Torino, Italy. luca.durelli@unito.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Durelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oggero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verdun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montanari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaffaroni
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000276:immunology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000276:immunology; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001323:Autoantibodies; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta; D013972:Thyrotropin; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a