title: Breastfeeding determinants and a suggested framework for action in Europe.
abstract: This is a background paper for the EURODIET initiative. A number of international initiatives and documents were identified, such as the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes and a number of consensus reports from professional groups, that propose ways forward for breastfeeding promotion. These point at a range of initiatives on different levels. The determinants for successful breastfeeding have to be identified. They can be categorised into five groups; socio-demographic, psycho-social, health care related, community- and policy attributes. A framework for future breastfeeding promoting efforts on European level is suggested, within which these determinants are considered. A common surveillance system needs to be built in Europe, where determinants of breastfeeding are included. There is also a need for a surveillance system which makes it possible to use the collected data on local level, not only on national and supranational level. Combined with a thorough review of the effectiveness of already existing breastfeeding promotion programmes, a co-ordinated EU-EFTA action plan on breastfeeding should be formulated and implemented within a few years. Urgent action could take place in parallel, especially targeting young, low-income, less educated mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. agneta.yngve@prevnut.ki.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yngve
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjöström
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D004522:Educational Status; D005060:Europe; D005062:European Union; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011640:Public Policy; D012944:Social Support; D014944:World Health Organization