title: Murine metal-induced systemic autoimmunity: baseline and stimulated cytokine mRNA expression in genetically susceptible and resistant strains.
abstract: Cytokines play an important and complex role in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. In susceptible H-2s mice, inorganic mercury (Hg) induces lymphoproliferation, antinucleolar antibodies against the 34-kDa-protein fibrillarin, and systemic immune-complex (IC) deposits. Here, we report extensive analysis of cytokine mRNA levels in susceptible A.SW (H-2s) and resistant A.TL (H-2tl) mice under unstimulated conditions and during oral treatment with Hg and/or silver nitrate (Ag). Cytokine mRNA expression in lymphoid tissues was assessed using the ribonuclease protection assay and phosphorimaging. Baseline expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA was higher in A.SW than in A.TL mice. In A.SW mice, Hg treatment caused early up-regulation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels, followed by substantial expression of IL-4 mRNA, which was significant compared to control A.SW and Hg-treated A.TL mice. Hg-exposed A.TL mice exhibited unchanged IFN-gamma, reduced IL-2 and greatly increased IL-10 mRNA expression. Ag-treated A.SW mice, which develop antifibrillarin antibodies (AFA) but exhibit minimal immune activation and no IC deposits, showed an early increase in IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA, but only a small and delayed rise in IL-4 mRNA. In conclusion, H-2-linked resistance to Hg-induced AFA is characterized by low constitutive expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA, which is not increased by Hg, and a marked increase in IL-10 expression. Conversely, the key features of H-2-linked susceptibility to Hg- and Ag-induced AFA are up-regulation of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA expression, and down-regulation of IL-10 expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Immunological Pathology, Department of Health and Environment, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Häggqvist
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hultman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D019409:Interleukin-15; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D008628:Mercury