title: Factors associated with plasma lipids and lipoproteins in type 1 diabetes mellitus: the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the determinants and prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in Type 1 diabetic patients in the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized questionnaire data were obtained and anthropometric and biochemical measurements performed on 3159 Type 1 diabetic patients, randomly selected from 31 diabetes clinics. Plasma lipid levels were determined centrally, using enzymatic methods
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and HDL subfractions were higher in women than in men, while plasma triglycerides were higher in men (P < 0.001). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-C and HDL-C subfractions were, as expected, significantly associated with age and HbA1c in both sexes. Age and HbA1c adjusted values of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and HDL3-C in men and triglyceride and HDL2-C in women showed significant associations with central obesity, measured as the waist to hip ratio (WHR). Current smokers had lipid profiles characteristic of insulin resistance in comparison to nonsmokers. Significant positive associations were observed between hypertension and plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C in men and women. In men, degree of physical activity was negatively associated with triglyceride and positively related to HDL-C and HDL3-C. The prevalence of LDL-hypercholesterolaemia (LDL-C > 3.35 mmol/L) was 45% in men and in women, while plasma triglyceride levels > 1.7 mmol/L were observed in 12% of men and 8% of women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that lipid levels in Type 1 diabetic patients are strongly influenced by smoking habit and central obesity in a way that is characteristic of the insulin resistance syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Idzior-Walus
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mattock
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Solnica
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides