title: Exposure to wheat allergen and fungal alpha-amylase in the homes of bakers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data are available on exposure to occupational allergens in dwellings occupied by inhabitants with occupational exposure to allergens. In small bakeries working and living often takes place in the same building. It is possible that allergens from the bakery can be transported into the homes of the bakers, via the clothes or shoes of the baker.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to investigate exposure to occupational allergens, wheat and fungal alpha-amylase in the homes of bakers, and evaluate potential determinants of exposure. Sensitization in family members to occupational allergens was investigated in a small preliminary survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Floor dust samples were collected in the homes of 34 bakers. Levels of wheat and fungal alpha-amylase allergens were determined in an extract of the dust samples. Blood samples were collected from bakers and their family members to determine the prevalence of sensitization to occupational allergens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of wheat and alpha-amylase allergens ranged from 38.9 to 172.4 microgeq/m(2) (GM), to 10.5-76.7 ngeq/m(2) (GM). Higher levels of dust and allergens were measured when the house could be reached directly through the bakery, and in houses with textile floor covers. Higher concentrations were also measured when bakers brought their work clothes and shoes into the house and when textiles from the bakery were laundered at home. Some family members appeared to be sensitized to wheat flour and alpha-amylase, but it cannot be excluded that they became sensitized because of their incidental presence in the bakery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational allergens can be found in house dust from the homes of bakers and levels are associated with hygienic behaviour and distance to the bakery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vissers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doekes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heederik
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003296:Cooking; D004391:Dust / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005192:Family Health; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000485:Allergens; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D004391:Dust; D000516:alpha-Amylases