Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase by bovine milk proteins.
Different proteins have been isolated from bovine milk including lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, glycolactin, angiogenin-1, lactogenin, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoglobulin and casein. These proteins have been assayed for inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase, enzymes crucial to the HIV-1 life cycle. It was found that different milk proteins inhibited the three aforementioned HIV enzymes to different extents. Lactoferrin strongly inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase but only slightly inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase. On the other hand, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase to an appreciable extent but did not inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Glycolactin and angiogenin-1 suppressed the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by a moderate extent but more powerfully inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase. In comparison with the other milk proteins glycolactin was a strong inhibitor of HIV-1 protease and integrase and a moderate inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Lactogenin was a strong inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, a moderate inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and a weak inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.
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Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories. biochemistry@cuhk.edu.hk
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D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000187:drug effects*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000187:drug effects*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
D008894:Milk Proteins; D019427:HIV Integrase; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease