title: The gingival inflammatory infiltrate in cardiac patients treated with calcium antagonists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the periodontal inflammatory infiltrates in patients with cardiac disease, some of these patients were treated with calcium antagonists (nifedipine and diltiazem) and some were not, to compare them with a healthy control group, and to evaluate the changes in the inflammatory infiltrate after periodontal treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A "healthy group" (HG, n=12), a "cardiac group" (CG, n=12) without treatment with calcium antagonists, a "nifedipine group" (NG, n=18) and a "diltiazem group" (DG, n=13) were analysed. Biopsies were taken from a zone 2-3 mm below the upper part of the interproximal papillae 12-13 and 33-32 before causal periodontal treatment and after 1 year. Using haematoxylin-eosin staining, the plasma cells (P), lymphocytes (L), histiocytes (H) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were counted. T and B lymphocytes were evaluated using the monoclonal antibodies anti-CD20 and anti-CD45RO. Statistical tests used: chi2 for study of the sample composition; ANOVA for comparison between groups; Student t-test and Wilcoxon test for comparison between visits; post-hoc test Bonferroni.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the cells were compared statistically, differences were established for L at the first visit (p<0.00001) and at the last visit (p<0.02), for the B lymphocytes (first visit p<0.0021, last visit p<0.022) and for the T lymphocytes (first visit p<0.0042, last visit p<0.0021). Between the 2 visits, HG showed significant reductions for P (p<0.01), L (p<0.045) and H (p<0.033); and the NG for L (p<0.0001). Lymphocytes showed differences in the NG with respect to the B lymphocytes (p<0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nifedipine affects the inflammatory infiltrate with a greater number of lymphocytes (especially B) and these cells fell significantly in number after periodontal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bullón
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Machuca
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Armas
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005885:Gingival Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D006644:Histiocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000009:adverse effects; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine