title: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): ringmaster of the genome.
abstract: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein is one of the central molecules responsible for decisions of life and death of the cell. The PCNA gene is induced by p53, while PCNA protein interacts with p53-controlled proteins Gadd45, MyD118, CR6 and, most importantly, p21, in the process of deciding cell fate. If PCNA protein is present in abundance in the cell in the absence of p53, DNA replication occurs. On the other hand, if PCNA protein levels are high in the cell in the presence of p53, DNA repair takes place. If PCNA is rendered non-functional or is absent or present in low quantities in the cell, apoptosis occurs. The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes involved a change of function of PCNA from a 'simple' sliding clamp protein of the DNA polymerase complex to an executive molecule controlling critical cellular decision pathways. The evolution of multicellular organisms led to the development of multicellular processes such as differentiation, senescence and apoptosis. PCNA, already an essential molecule in the life of single cellular organisms, then became a protein critical for the survival of multicellular organisms.
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439-4833, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paunesku
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Protić
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oryhon
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Korolev
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joachimiak
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Woloschak
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002470:Cell Survival; D004260:DNA Repair; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen