title: Noninvasive detection of total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) for the noninvasive detection of total left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Total coronary occlusion is associated with an adverse long-term prognosis, and mechanical revascularization may be required for the patient with total coronary occlusion. However, a noninvasive diagnosis of total coronary occlusion before coronary angiography (CAG) has been difficult, especially in patients without clinical signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 103 consecutive patients who underwent CAG for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. The study group consisted of 16 patients with total LAD occlusion (group A) and 87 patients without total LAD occlusion (group B). Coronary flow velocity in the mid-portion of the LAD was recorded by TTDE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate spectral Doppler recordings of diastolic flow in the LAD were obtained in 98 study patients (95%; 15 patients in group A and 83 patients in group B). In group A, retrograde LAD flow was obtained in 14 (93%) of 15 patients. The mean diastolic velocity of the retrograde flow was 21.0 +/- 6.1 cm/s. In group B, antegrade LAD flow was obtained in all 83 patients (100%). The mean diastolic velocity of the antegrade flow was 21.5 +/- 7.1 cm/s. Retrograde LAD flow by TTDE had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of total LAD occlusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrograde flow in the LAD by TTDE is a highly sensitive and specific finding that can be used to noninvasively diagnose total LAD occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan. non@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Neishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index