title: The recovery profile of baroreflex control of heart rate after isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in humans.
abstract: Volatile anesthetics attenuate baroreflex function in a concentration-dependent manner. This study was designed to determine how long full recovery of baroreflex control of heart rate takes after isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in healthy volunteers. We assessed baroreflex sensitivity in 20 subjects randomized to receive either isoflurane or sevoflurane (n = 10 each). After an 8- to 10-h fast and no premedication, mea- surements of R-R intervals obtained from the electrocardiogram (lead II) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured through a radial artery catheter were made at conscious baseline and 20, 60, and 120 min after the induction during end-tidal isoflurane 1.3% or sevoflurane 2.0% in air and oxygen, and 20, 60, 120, and 180 min after the emergence from general anesthesia. Baroreflex responses were triggered by bolus IV injection of phenylephrine and nitroprusside to increase and decrease SBP by 15-30 mm Hg, respectively. The linear portions of the baroreflex curves relating R-R intervals and SBP were determined to obtain baroreflex sensitivity. During anesthesia, baroreflex sensitivities of both the pressor and depressor tests were decreased by 50%-60% compared with conscious baseline values in both groups (P <0.05). Pressor test sensitivities returned to the baseline values at 120 min, whereas depressor test sensitivities returned to the baseline values at 60 min, after general anesthesia in both groups. There were no significant differences in baroreflex sensitivities between groups at any interval. Our results indicate that the recovery characteristics of baroreflex sensitivity are similar after isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia and that the depressor test sensitivity is restored more rapidly than the pressor test sensitivity after both anesthetic techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterial baroreflex function is an important neural control system for maintaining cardiovascular stability. The authors found that 2 h was required for full recovery of baroreflex function and that recovery characteristics were similar after isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia in healthy volunteers not undergoing surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita-city, Japan.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D010100:Oxygen