title: Electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation: outcomes in "real-life" clinical practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is currently considerable debate with regard to the optimal management of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), including the long-term success of electrical cardioversion and the duration of anti-coagulation thereafter. The aim of this study was to investigate the current management and outcomes of electrical cardioversion in unselected patients in ordinary clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study of 111 consecutive patients with AF who had been referred for electrical cardioversion was undertaken in a large teaching hospital. After cardioversion, patients were followed-up for 12 months or until death if this occurred earlier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sinus rhythm was restored immediately in 96 of 111 (86%) patients. Only 54 of 88 (61%) patients in sinus rhythm at discharge remained in this rhythm at 1 month. Of these 54, a further 21 (39%) had relapsed into AF by 12 months. Independent predictors of sinus rhythm at discharge were younger age (for a difference of 5 years, odds ratio=1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.16; P=0.002) and absence of hypertension (1.73, 1.22-1.91; P=0.015). The presence of sinus rhythm at discharge (6.4, 1.6-25.3; P=0.007) was an independent predictor of sinus rhythm at 1 month, whereas older age was a negative predictor (0.96, 0.92-1.0; P=0.05). Health-related quality of life improved at 1 and 12 months in those patients who remained in sinus rhythm compared to those who remained in AF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though electrical cardioversion for AF has a high initial success rate only a minority of patients remained in sinus rhythm 1 year. The common practice of discontinuing anticoagulant treatment in patients in sinus rhythm at 1 month may be unsafe. Long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm is, however, associated with better health-related quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK. colin.berry@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McMurray
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography