title: Changes in nitric oxide production and cerebral blood flow before development of hyperbaric oxygen-induced seizures in rats.
abstract: The predictive value of increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined to detect hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2))-induced electrical discharge in artificially ventilated rats at three PaCO(2) levels under 5 atmospheric pressures. The possible involvement of NO production in the mechanism of the increase in CBF was also assessed by measurement of major NO metabolites (NO(2)(-) plus NO(3)(-)) using a microdialysis technique at the left parietal cortex during HBO(2) exposure. The onset times of electrical discharge, measured in the right frontal region, were significantly prolonged and shortened in the low PaCO(2) group (79+/-21 min) and high PaCO(2) group (27+/-7 min), respectively, compared to that in the normal PaCO(2) group (37+/-5 min). Increase in CBF (200% of the pre-exposure level) was observed in every animal and was sustained until the appearance of electrical discharge. The onset time of increase in CBF was closely related to that of electrical discharge (R(2)=0.987), and the durations of increase in CBF were almost identical (11-14 min in mean) regardless of the PaCO(2) level. The level of NO(2)(-) plus NO(3)(-) was unaffected by the initiation of HBO(2) exposure and simultaneously increased up to 246+/-59% of control level with the onset of increase in CBF. There was a close relationship between changes in CBF and levels of NO(2)(-) plus NO(3)(-) (R(2)=0.544). These results indicate that monitoring of CBF is useful for the prediction of electrical discharge in artificially ventilated rats regardless of their PaCO(2) levels and that the increase in NO production is related to the mechanism of increase in CBF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagioka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017551:Microdialysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen