title: Mammary ductoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of intraductal lesions of the breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mammary ductoscopy (mammoscopy) is an ideal diagnostic method for intraductal lesions. The usefulness of mammoscopy for intraductal lesions was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammoscopy was performed in 315 cases with nipple discharge. The mammoscopic findings of 46 breast cancer cases (47 lesions) and 109 intraductal papilloma cases (119 lesions) were compared with pathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carcinoma was recognized by mammoscopy in 38 of 47 lesions (80.9%). Intraductal masses were detected by mammoscopy in 115 of 119 intraductal papilloma lesions. The shape of the mass was classified as hemispheric, papillary, or flat protrusion. The hemispheric and papillary shapes were most common in cases of intraductal papilloma and the flat protrusion type was most common in cases of carcinoma. The amount of material collected by intraductal biopsy under mammoscopic observation was smaller in carcinoma than in intraductal papilloma because the carcinoma lesions were usually located in peripheral duct-lobular units and had weak tissue cohesion compared with that of intraductal papilloma. Of 133 intraductal biopsies performed for 69 intraductal papillomas, 17 biopsies yielded material insufficient for diagnosis in. The effectiveness of treatment by intraductal biopsy was recognized in 38 of 46 intraductal papillomas in which clinical follow-up continued for more than two years (82.6%). The therapeutic results of biopsy were poor in cases of multiple intraductal masses in multiple duct-lobular units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mammoscopy contributes not only the diagnosis in cases of nipple discharge, but is also of benefit in the treatment of intraductal papilloma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Cancer Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer Detection Center, 2-5 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan. thm3@yc4.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaise
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests