title: Prognostic factors in transitional cell cancer of the bladder: an emerging role for Bcl-2 and p53.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a recent study on patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder treated with curative radiotherapy following TUR-T, we demonstrated that a low apoptotic index and p53 positivity were associated with poor local control. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of additional markers implicated in regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bcl-2, Bax and p21 positivity were detected immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded pre-treatment biopsies from 83 patients with invasive transitional cell cancer (TCC) of the bladder, treated with radiotherapy. In addition, markers determined in an earlier analysis, i.e.: p53, apoptotic index, cyclin D1, retinoblastoma protein and Ki-67 were included in the multivariate analysis. A stepwise proportional hazard analysis was performed, adjusting for classic prognostic factors (T-stage, grade, multifocality and macroscopic completeness of the TUR). Positivity was defined as >10% of tumor cells staining positive for Bcl-2, Bax and p21, and >20% for p53.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bcl-2 positivity was found in 63%, Bax was positive in 52% and p21 in 55% of cases. In the PH analysis Bcl-2 positivity was found to be related to poor local control (36 vs. 72% at 3 years; P=0.003), as well as to shorter disease-specific survival (74 vs. 94% at 3 years; P=0.017). Evidence for an adverse effect of p53 positivity was also found (local control: 32 vs. 69% at 3 years;P=0.037, disease-specific survival: 76 vs. 92% at 3 years; P=0.043). In an additional PH analysis, we found poor local control rates for bladder cancers with combined Bcl-2 and p53 positivity (17 vs. 65% at 3 years; P=0.0017), and lower disease specific survival (60 vs. 92%; P=0.0024), disease-free survival (7 vs.35%, P=0.0023) and overall survival (39 vs. 80%; P=0.0018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for a poor outcome in patients treated with radiotherapy for TCC of the bladder expressing both Bcl-2 and p53. This relationship was found for local control and disease-free, disease-specific and overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX The, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moonen
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gallee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: ten Bosch
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zerp
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bartelink
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verheij
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002453:Cell Cycle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)