Risk factors for hospitalization among adults with asthma: the influence of sociodemographic factors and asthma severity.
BACKGROUND
The morbidity and mortality from asthma have markedly increased since the late 1970s. The hospitalization rate, an important marker of asthma severity, remains substantial.


METHODS
In adults with health care access, we prospectively studied 242 with asthma, aged 18-50 years, recruited from a random sample of allergy and pulmonary physician practices in Northern California to identify risk factors for subsequent hospitalization.


RESULTS
Thirty-nine subjects (16%) reported hospitalization for asthma during the 18-month follow-up period. On controlling for asthma severity in multiple logistic regression analysis, non-white race (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-8.8) and lower income (OR, 1.1 per $10,000 decrement; 95% CI, 0.9-1.3) were associated with a higher risk of asthma hospitalization. The severity-of-asthma score (OR, 3.4 per 5 points; 95%, CI 1.7-6.8) and recent asthma hospitalization (OR, 8.3; 95%, CI, 2.1-33.4) were also related to higher risk, after adjusting for demographic characteristics. Reliance on emergency department services for urgent asthma care was also associated with a greater likelihood of hospitalization (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.0-9.8). In multivariate analysis not controlling for asthma severity, low income was even more strongly related to hospitalization (OR, 1.2 per $10,000 decrement; 95% CI, 1.02-1.4).


CONCLUSIONS
In adult asthmatics with access to health care, non-white race, low income, and greater asthma severity were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. Targeted interventions applied to high-risk asthma patients may reduce asthma morbidity and mortality.
Eisner
M D
MD
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. eisner@itsa.ucsf.edu
Katz
P P
PP
Yelin
E H
EH
Shiboski
S C
SC
Blanc
P D
PD
D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors