title: Cervical spine: postmortem assessment of accident injuries--comparison of radiographic, MR imaging, anatomic, and pathologic findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of postmortem radiography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict occult cervical spine injuries as compared with anatomic and pathologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cervical spines of 10 adult accident victims underwent radiography and MR imaging, with T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and four gradient-echo pulse sequences. The frozen specimens were cut into 3-mm-thick slices (sagittal plane) and photographed, and microfocus radiographs were obtained. Imaging findings were compared with the anatomic and pathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of the 10 specimens had 28 posttraumatic lesions: three fractures (two missed at the initial MR imaging reading), 10 facet joint capsule lesions with bleeding, five soft-tissue and ligament lesions, eight disk lesions, and two spinal cord lesions. Radiography depicted one lesion (4%). Two partial ruptures of the anterior annulus fibrosus were depicted at only MR imaging. Initially, 11 of 28 lesions were detected on MR images; retrospectively, 17 of 28 lesions were correlated with anatomic findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soft-tissue and intervertebral disk and ligament injuries account for 89% (25 of 28) of posttraumatic cervical spine lesions detected on postmortem images. Occult lesions, including apophyseal joint injuries, were found in clinically noninjured cervical spines. MR imaging was limited in the depiction of discrete lesions when T1-weighted non-fat-saturated, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and gradient-echo pulse sequences were used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. axel.staebler@ikra.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stäbler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penning
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Milz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*