Modulation of Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton by Yersinia outer proteins (Yops).
Pathogenic species of the genus Yersinia employ a type III secretion apparatus to inject up to six effector proteins (Yersinia outer proteins; Yops) into host cells. Thereby yersiniae disarm the immune cell system of the host to proliferate extracellularly. At least four of the Yop effectors (YopE, YpkA/YopO, YopT and YopH) are involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton: YopE, YopT and YpkA/YopO modulate the activity of actin-regulating Rho GTP-binding proteins, whereas YopH dephosphorylates phospho-tyrosine residues in focal adhesion proteins. In this review we will focus on recent evidence implicating Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton as major targets of Yersinia Yops.
Aepfelbacher
M
M
Max-von-Pettenkofer Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, München, Germany. aepfelbacher@m3401.mpk.med.uni-muenchen.de
Heesemann
J
J
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D010587:Phagocytosis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015007:Yersinia / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
D000199:Actins; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins