title: Purified poloxamer 188 for treatment of acute vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell disease: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sickle cell disease (SCD) can cause severe painful episodes that are often thought to be caused by vaso-occlusion. The current therapy for these uncomplicated painful episodes includes hydration, oxygen, and analgesics. Purified poloxamer 188 may increase tissue oxygenation and thereby reduce inflammation, pain, and the overall duration of such painful episodes in patients with SCD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the duration of painful episodes in patients with SCD treated with purified poloxamer 188 to that of similar episodes experienced by patients who receive a placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, intention-to-treat trial conducted between March 1998 and October 1999 in 40 medical centers in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty-five patients with SCD (aged 9-53 years) who had a painful episode sufficiently severe to require hospitalization and narcotic analgesics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous infusion of purified poloxamer 188, 100 mg/kg for 1 hour followed by 30 mg/kg per hour for 47 hours (n = 127), or a matching volume of saline placebo (n = 128).
  
  
  METHODS
  Duration of the painful episode, from randomization to crisis resolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) duration of the painful episodes was 141 (42) hours in the placebo group compared with 133 (41) hours in those treated with purified poloxamer 188, a 9-hour reduction (P =.04). Subset analyses indicated an even more pronounced purified poloxamer 188 effect in children aged 15 years or younger (21 hours; P =.01) and in patients who were receiving hydroxyurea (16 hours; P =.02). Finally, the proportion of patients achieving crisis resolution was increased by purified poloxamer 188 (65/126 [52%] vs 45/123 [37%]; P =.02). Similar results were observed in children aged 15 years or younger (22/37 [60%] vs 10/36 [28%]; P =.009) and in patients who were also receiving hydroxyurea (12/26 [46%] vs 4/28 [14%]; P =.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A decrease in the duration of painful episodes and an increase in the proportion of patients who achieved resolution of the symptoms were observed when the purified poloxamer 188-treated patients were compared with the patients receiving placebo. However, the difference between these groups was significant but relatively small. In subgroup analysis, a more significant effect on both parameters was observed in children and in patients who were receiving concomitant hydroxyurea. It is important to confirm both of these observations in further prospective trials.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Room 125, MacNider Bldg, CB7000, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7000, USA. epo@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Orringer
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Ataga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adams-Graves
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luchtman-Jones
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutlar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abboud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terregino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saccente
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Files
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ballas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wojtowicz-Praga
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grindel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D020442:Poloxamer