[Nutritional intervention in HIV/AIDS: practical guide for its implementation and follow-up].
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its clinical state, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a serious public health problem due to its health, economic, psychologic and social consequences. Among affected individual, malnutrition is common in the advanced stages of the disease. The complex mechanisms that cause malnutrition include disorders of metabolism, hypercatabolism, affection of the alimentary tract, and drug-nutrient interactions. Malnutrition is a condition that decreases the functional capacity of the affected organism, and as a consequence, increases immune deficiency, morbidity and mortality. Nutritional intervention should be applied early and be individualized, with periodic and constant screening. Nutritional therapy available at present has a broad field--from complements to intravenous nutrition--and its applications requires a great amount of knowledge and professional experience. The objective of this article is to provide general guidelines for nutritional management and treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS. Etiopathogenic and therapeutic knowledge of AIDS advances rapidly; health workers should be conscious of the responsibility that implies and should search, obtain and maintain updated knowledge and transfer it to clinical practice.
Fajardo-Rodríguez
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Departamento de Medicina Interna y Apoyo Nutricional, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F.
Lara del Rivero-Vera
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CM
D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003376:Counseling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010353:Patient Education as Topic