title: Pancreatic hyperamylasemia during acute gastroenteritis: incidence and clinical relevance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many case reports of acute pancreatitis have been reported but, up to now, pancreatic abnormalities during acute gastroenteritis have not been studied prospectively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence and the clinical significance of hyperamylasemia in 507 consecutive adult patients with acute gastroenteritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical significance of hyperamylasemia, related predisposing factors and severity of gastroenteritis were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperamylasemia was detected in 10.2 % of patients studied. Although amylasemia was found over four times the normal values in three cases, the clinical features of acute pancreatitis were recorded in only one case (0.1%). Hyperamylasemia was more likely (17%) where a microorganism could be identified in the stools (p < 0.01). Among patients with positive stool samples, Salmonella spp. and in particular S. enteritidis, was the microorganism most frequently associated with hyperamylasemia [17/84 (20.2 %) and 10/45 (22.2%), respectively], followed by Rotavirus, Clostridium difficile and Campylobacter spp. Patients with hyperamylasemia had more severe gastroenteritis with an increased incidence of fever (80 % vs 50.6 %, O.R. 3.0; P < 0.01), dehydration (18% vs 8.5%; O.R. 2.5; P < 0.05), and a higher mean number of evacuations per day (9.2 vs 7.5; P < 0.05) than those with amylasemia in the normal range. Hyperamylasemia was significantly associated with cholelithiasis, (30.0 % vs 10.7%, O.R. 3.5; P < 0.01) and chronic gastritis or duodenal ulceration (22.0 % vs 10.2%, O.R. 2.4, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperamylasemia is relatively frequent, and is associated with severe gastroenteritis. However, acute pancreatitis in the setting of acute gastroenteritis, is a rare event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases; San Bortolo Hospital, Vial Rodolfi, 36100 Vicenza, Italy. giuliato@tin.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tositti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franzetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stecca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pignattari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pesavento
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Lalla
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000681:Amylases