title: The effect of serum albumin on amphotericin B aggregate structure and activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mild heat treatment of Fungizone (FZ, an amphotericin B:deoxycholate preparation) leads to a new self-associated form (HFZ) that demonstrates improved therapeutic index in vivo. The origin of the improvement may lie in the differential stability in the presence of serum proteins. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) on the structure and stability and in vitro channel forming ability of these two preparations against model fungal and mammalian membrane vesicles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kinetic absorption and CD spectroscopy were used to assess the kinetic and equilibrium stability of the characteristic amphotericin B complexes in the presence of HSA. Kinetic fluorescence spectroscopy of pyranine entrapped in model fungal and mammalian membrane vesicles was used to measure the cation-selective channel forming ability of HZ and HFZ delivered from HSA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is shown that FZ is rapidly converted from its aggregated form to a protein-bound monomer in the presence of HSA, whereas HFZ demonstrates greater stability by persisting as a stable inactive aggregate. Fluorescence measurements of ion currents show that HSA attenuates the membrane-activity of both preparations. However, the activity of both HFZ and FZ remains significant against ergosterol-containing membranes. This is the first direct measurement of the intrinsic channel forming abilities of these amphotericin B preparations in the presence of serum proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide a mechanistic rationale for the similar efficacy and lower toxicity of HFZ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 54702-4004, USA. hartsesc@uwec.edu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hartsel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wasan
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000737:chemistry*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007473:Ion Channels; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000666:Amphotericin B