title: Vinflunine, the latest Vinca alkaloid in clinical development. A review of its preclinical anticancer properties.
abstract: Vinflunine is a new Vinca alkaloid uniquely fluorinated, by the use of superacid chemistry, in a little exploited region of the catharanthine moiety. In vitro investigations have confirmed the mitotic-arresting and tubulin-interacting properties of vinflunine shared by other Vinca alkaloids. However, differences in terms of the inhibitory effects of vinflunine on microtubules dynamics and its tubulin binding affinities have been identified which appear to distinguish it from the other Vinca alkaloids. Vinflunine induced smaller spirals with a shorter relaxation time, effects, which might be associated with reduced neurotoxicity. Studies investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity of vinflunine in combination therapy have revealed a high level of synergy when vinflunine was combined with either cisplatin, mitomycin C, doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil. Furthermore, although vinflunine appears to participate in P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance mechanisms, it has proved only a weak substrate for this protein and a far less potent inducer of resistance than vinorelbine. Vinflunine was identified in preclinical studies as having marked antitumour activity in vivo against a large panel of experimental tumour models, with tumour regressions being recorded in human renal and small cell lung cancer tumour xenografts. Overall its level of activity was superior to that of vinorelbine in many of the experimental models used. Interestingly, an in vivo study using a well vascularised adenocarcinoma of the colon has suggested that vinflunine mediates its antitumour activity at least in part via an antivascular mechanism, even at sub-cytotoxic doses. Therefore, these data provide a favourable preclinical profile for vinflunine, supporting its promising candidacy for clinical development. Phase I evaluations of vinflunine have been completed in Europe and phase II clinical trials are now ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Division de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 17 avenue Jean Moulin, 81106 Cedex 06, Castres, France. anna.kruczynski@pierre-fabre.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruczynski
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply; D004249:DNA Damage; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007941:Leukemia P388 / Q000188:drug therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; C111217:vinflunine; D014747:Vinblastine