Biochemical markers of bone turnover.
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis in many countries has reached epidemic proportions. This has stimulated the development of biochemical markers to assist in the assessment of osteoporotic risk and in monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Biochemical markers of bone turnover are products released from osteoblasts and osteoclasts or collagen breakdown products.
Markers of bone formation include bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC) and procollagen peptides. All of these can be measured easily by immunoassay techniques. Of these markers, OC has been extensively studied. However, OC undergoes in vitro degradation, thus, assay results are variable. BAP, on the other hand, is much more stable and shows less within-person biological variation. Bone resorption markers include tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and collagen breakdown products, such as pyridinium cross-links, galactosyl hydroxylysine and cross-linked telopeptides, such as CTx and NTx. Of these, deoxypyridinium (DPD) has been extensively studied. DPD shows diurnal variation and the within-individual biological variation is large. Of the newer assays, NTx appear to show large differences at menopause.


CONCLUSIONS
Thus, serum BAP and DPD or NTx are the current choice of bone markers.
Swaminathan
R
R
Department of Chemical Pathology, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, St. Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, SE1 7EH, London, UK. r.swaminathan@kcl.ac.uk
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D001862:Bone Resorption; D006801:Humans; D006901:Hydroxylysine / Q000378:metabolism; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011347:Procollagen / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D011347:Procollagen; D015675:Osteocalcin; D006901:Hydroxylysine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D006909:Hydroxyproline