title: The effect of ketorolac and sevoflurane anesthesia on renal glomerular and tubular function.
abstract: We assessed the renal effects of the combination of ketorolac and sevoflurane anesthesia by using sensitive and specific markers of renal proximal and distal tubular and glomerular function. Thirty women (ASA physical status I and II) undergoing breast surgery received either ketorolac 30 mg IM or saline at premedication, at the end, and 6 h after anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane. Peak levels of serum fluoride at 2 h after the end of anesthesia were 30.1 micromol/L (21.0-50.0 micromol/L) in the Ketorolac group and 33.3 micromol/L (13.0-38.0 micromol/L) in the Control group (mean and range, not significant). Urine alpha1-microglobulin indexed to urine creatinine was increased from 2 h after the start of anesthesia until the first postoperative day in the Ketorolac group (peak level, 0.8 +/- 0.4 mg/mmol; upper limit of normal, 0.7 mg/mmol) but did not change in the Control group. Urine glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-alpha indexed to urine creatinine (GST-alpha/creatinine) and GST-pi/creatinine were increased 2 h after anesthesia and returned to baseline values thereafter in both groups. There were no changes in serum cystatin C and urine kallikrein or urine output per hour between groups. The perioperative administration of ketorolac to healthy, well hydrated patients anesthetized with sevoflurane did not produce renal glomerular or tubular dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketorolac 90 mg IM, given in divided doses over approximately 10 h to patients anesthetized with sevoflurane with a fresh gas flow rate of 4-6 L/min, did not result in clinically significant changes in renal glomerular or tubular function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Surgical Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laisalmi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Teppo
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koivusalo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Honkanen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindgren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014360:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008738:Methyl Ethers; C109148:SPINT2 protein, human; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014360:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean; D003404:Creatinine; D005459:Fluorides; D020910:Ketorolac