title: Source generators of the early somatosensory evoked potentials to tibial nerve stimulation: an intracerebral and scalp recording study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the location of the cerebral generators of the early scalp somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) after tibial nerve stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tibial nerve SEPs were recorded in 15 patients, suffering from Parkinson's disease, who underwent implantation of intracerebral (IC) electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus, in the globus pallidum or in the thalamic ventralis intermediate nucleus. SEPs were recorded both from the scalp surface and from the IC leads.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lemniscal P30 response was recorded by all the electrodes. The IC waveforms included a negative N40IC response, followed by a positive (P50IC) and a negative (N60IC) potential. The N40IC, the P50IC and the N60IC potentials did not differ in latency from the P40, the N50 and the P60 responses recorded by the Cz electrode. In 6 patients, in which SEPs were recorded also during the voluntary movement of the stimulated foot (active gating), an amplitude reduction of the SEP components following the P30 potential was observed during movement at the vertex and in the IC traces. Instead, in the contralateral temporal traces the SEP components (N40temp and P50temp) were not modified by active gating, and in the ipsilateral parietal traces only the positive potentials at about 60ms of latency was decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two differently oriented generators are active in the contralateral hemisphere at both 40 and 50ms of latency after tibial nerve stimulation. One source is oriented perpendicularly to the mesial hemispheric surface and generates the potentials recorded by the contralateral temporal and the ipsilateral parietal leads; the other dipolar source is radial to the hemispheric convexity, and generates the potentials at the vertex and those recorded by the IC electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. m.valeriani@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valeriani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Insola
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Restuccia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Pera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Altibrandi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tonali
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D012535:Scalp / Q000502:physiology*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology