title: Technical modifications for improving the success rate of PEG tube placement in patients with head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) benefit from nutritional support by means of PEG tubes, but endoscopy may be impossible when there is partial or complete trismus and/or stenosis or occlusion of the upper aerodigestive tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  PEG tubes were placed in 277 patients with HNC. Oral insertion of an endoscope into the esophagus was impossible in 27 patients. Transnasal endoscopy was performed (n = 4). In the cases of high-grade tumor obstruction, the endoscope was introduced into the esophagus through a straight laryngoscope (n = 9). When upper aerodigestive tract occlusion was present, endoscopy with PEG placement was successfully performed during surgery by means of the opened pharynx after tumor resection (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 25 of the 27 cases PEG tubes could be placed by using the above alternative techniques. There were no immediate complications, and no complications occurred within 30 days of PEG placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transnasal, straight laryngoscopic, or intraoperative open endoscopy can improve the success rate for PEG tube placement in patients with HNC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iliás
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kótai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elö
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harsányi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity