title: Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production associated with innate and adaptive immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders and developmental regression.
abstract: We determined innate and adaptive immune responses in children with developmental regression and autism spectrum disorders (ASD, N=71), developmentally normal siblings (N=23), and controls (N=17). With lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a stimulant for innate immunity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 59/71 (83.1%) ASD patients produced >2 SD above the control mean (CM) values of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and/or IL-6 produced by control PBMCs. ASD PBMCs produced higher levels of proinflammatory/counter-regulatory cytokines without stimuli than controls. With stimulants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), tetanus, IL-12p70, and IL-18, PBMCs from 47.9% to 60% of ASD patients produced >2 SD above the CM values of TNF-alpha depending on stimulants. Our results indicate excessive innate immune responses in a number of ASD children that may be most evident in TNF-alpha production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MMC 610 FUMC, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. jyono001@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jyonouchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Le
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000276:immunology*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000276:immunology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007114:Immunization / Q000009:adverse effects; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012043:Regression, Psychology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004044:Dietary Proteins