title: A proposed vitamin A supplementation programme for South Africa--design, coverage and cost.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A national survey of the micronutrient status of preschool children in South Africa established that vitamin A deficiency is a significant public health problem, requiring urgent attention. A number of immediate and long-term interventions were recommended, including the introduction of a vitamin A supplementation programme and a food fortification programme.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assist in the development and implementation of a national vitamin A supplementation programme at primary health care facilities for mothers and children. This was achieved by determining the design, coverage and cost of a national primary health care facility vitamin A supplementation programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on an extensive review of the literature, the main components of a primary health care facility vitamin A supplementation programme were identified. The annual, recurrent costs of each of the programme components were estimated for the nine provinces in South Africa. Immunisation coverage rates were used as a proxy for estimating the coverage of the programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main components of the programme were identified as: promotion, training, purchase of vitamin A capsules, distribution of vitamin A capsules to primary health care facilities, distribution of capsules to the programme beneficiaries, and monitoring and evaluation. The programme would operate from primary health care facilities and would target all children between 6 and 24 months of age and newly delivered mothers. It was estimated that the programme would cover 74% of children and 95% of postpartum women nationally. The total annual, recurrent cost of the national programme was estimated at R16.4 million. The bulk of the costs would include personnel costs, comprising 68% of the total costs. Other costs included promotion (27%), vitamin A capsules (4%) and training (1%). The cost of the programme would vary significantly by province, but the provinces' average total cost per beneficiary would be similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A primary health care facility vitamin A supplementation programme has been designed and accompanied by an estimated overall cost and coverage for implementation. The findings of the study showed that the programme would be financially feasible and would reach the majority of children under 24 months of age. It is recommended that further research be undertaken to extend the programme to the more 'hard to reach' population using other strategies such as mass immunisation campaigns.
authors.affiliation: Child Health Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saitowitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: le Roux
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Makan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D013019:South Africa; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A