title: A clinical evaluation of setup errors for a prostate immobilization system.
abstract: A prostate treatment immobilization system was evaluated with respect to setup errors and efficiency for a specific treatment setup. Prostate patients were treated in the prone position with a rectal catheter using the NOMOS intensity modulated radiotherapy system. Immobilization and setup consisted of a Vac-Loktrade mark bag (MED-TEC, Orange City, IO) fitted within a registration carrier box where patients were aligned to the bag using skin marks along the lower leg. Daily setup errors were analyzed using lateral portal films, registration plates mounted to the carrier box, and the pubic symphasis as a bony reference. Two studies were conducted to evaluate setup technique. In the first study, patient setup required 3-5 minutes for patient positioning and the corresponding superior/inferior errors were found to have a standard deviation of 3.5 mm. In the second study, the technique standards were reduced to allow for faster setup times and, consequently, larger errors; setup times were 1-2 minutes and the mean and standard deviation errors were approximately 2 and 5 mm, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McGary
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors; D011187:Posture; D011467:Prostate; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011631:Pubic Symphysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013997:Time Factors