title: Rectal immunization with antigen-containing microspheres induces stronger Th2 responses than oral immunization: a new method for vaccination.
abstract: The rectum as an effective site for induction of systemic and local immunity has received little attention. Rectal immunization with microspheres-containing ovalbumin (MS-OVA) was tested for its ability to elicit systemic and mucosal immune responses. Rectal immunization with MS-OVA enhanced both Th2 dominant OVA-specific IgG levels in the serum and OVA-specific IgA levels in fecal extracts more prominently than did oral immunization. Cytokine analysis of CD4(+) T cells indicated a predominant induction of Th2-type responses compared to Th1-type responses following rectal immunization compared to oral immunization. These results demonstrate that rectal immunization with microspheres could be an effective new vaccination method.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Endoscopic Medicine, Graduate School of Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawara-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakase
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uose
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohana
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hisatsune
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawanami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D014612:Vaccines; D010047:Ovalbumin