title: Hot water immersion to ensure quarantine security for Cryptophlebia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in lychee and longan exported from Hawaii.
abstract: We determined whether immersion in 49 degrees C water for 20 min, a quarantine treatment developed for disinfestation of fruit flies in lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn., and longan, Dimocarpus longan (Lourd.) Steud., exported from Hawaii, would also disinfest fruit of two species of Cryptophlebia. The pattern of tolerance to heat in Cryptophlebia illepida (Butler) was generally eggs < neonates < early instars = late instars < pupae. No C. illepida survived immersion for 16 or 20 min. Late fourth and fifth instars were determined to be the most tolerant stage that occurs in harvested fruit. Late instars of Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) were more tolerant of hot-water immersion than those of C. illepida, but no C. ombrodelta late instars survived immersion for 16 or 20 min. The hot water immersion quarantine treatment for fruit flies should effectively disinfest lychees and longans of any Cryptophlebia.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Follett
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sanxter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006254:Hawaii; D006361:Heating; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007814:Larva; D009036:Moths; D010063:Ovum; D029631:Sapindaceae; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water