title: Mononuclear and Binuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing 2,2'-Bipyridine or 1,10-Phenanthroline and Pyrazole-3,5-Bis(benzimidazole). Synthesis, Structure, Isomerism, Spectroscopy, and Proton-Coupled Redox Activity.
abstract: A number of mixed-ligand mononuclear and binuclear ruthenium(II) complexes of composition [(bpy)(2)Ru(H(3)pzbzim)](ClO(4))(2).2H(2)O (1), [(phen)(2)Ru(H(3)pzbzim)](ClO(4))(2).3H(2)O (2), [(bpy)(2)Ru(H(2)pzbzim)Ru(bpy)(2)](ClO(4))(3).5H(2)O (3), [(phen)(2)Ru(H(2)pzbzim)Ru(phen)(2)](ClO(4))(3).4H(2)O (4), [(bpy)(2)Ru(H(2)pzbzim)Ru(phen)(2)](ClO(4))(3).4H(2)O (5), [(bpy)(2)Ru(pzbzim)Ru(bpy)(2)](ClO(4)).3H(2)O (6), and [(phen)(2)Ru(pzbzim)Ru(phen)(2)](ClO(4)).2H(2)O (7), where H(3)pzbzim = pyrazole-3,5-bis(benzimidazole), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, have been prepared and characterized. Complexes 3-5 isolated as mixtures of diastereoisomers have been separated by fractional recrystallization. In the cases of 3 and 4, the meso (LambdaDelta) and racemate (rac) (LambdaLambda, DeltaDelta) forms, and for 5, two enantiomeric pairs [(LambdaDelta, DeltaLambda) and (LambdaLambda, DeltaDelta)] have been obtained. These, as well as the meso and rac diastereoisomers of 6, have been characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the meso (LambdaDelta) form of 3 (C(57)H(53)N(14)Cl(3)O(17)Ru(2)) has been determined, which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 11.672(2) Å, b = 41.696(9) Å, c = 12.871(2) Å, beta = 90.03(2)(o), and Z = 4. The acid-base and redox chemistry of the binuclear complexes has been studied over the pH range 1-12 in acetonitrile-water (3:2) medium. The equilibrium constants of the species involving protonation and deprotonation of the benzimidazole NH protons and the metal oxidation states covering +2 and +3 have been evaluated by spectrophotometric and cyclic voltammetric measurements. During spectrophotometric titrations of the complexes with cerium(IV), the metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions are replaced by the newly generated ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition. The luminescence spectra of the complexes in solution (at 298 K) and in frozen glass (at 77 K) and their quantum yields have been reported. In contrast to the luminescent behavior of 1-5, corresponding deprotonated compounds do not fluoresce even at 77 K.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta 700 032, India, and Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Gesamthochschule Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany.
authors.forename: Sujoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baitalik
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Flörke
authors.forename: Kamalaksha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nag