title: Staphylococcal superantigens induce lymphotactin production by human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
abstract: Lymphotactin is a potent chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) that is produced by and also attracts T and natural killer (NK) cells. We are studying whether chemokines that affect mainly T cells might also regulate immune responses by preferentially recruiting individual subsets or by affecting cytokine or other chemokine responses. In order to pursue these questions, we need to learn more about the mechanisms regulating lymphotactin production and the cell types capable of releasing this factor. We used new monoclonal antibodies against human lymphotactin to develop a sensitive antigen-capture enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) that measures chemokine levels in culture fluids. Using this capture ELISA, we showed that lymphotactin could be produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only after T cell-receptor-dependent stimulation using bacterial superantigens and not after treatment by inflammatory cytokines or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data show that lymphotactin production responds mainly to T cell-receptor signals in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and suggests a mechanism whereby this chemokine could help to regulate T cell immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, 725 W. Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tikhonov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitabwalla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malkovsky
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Volkman
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pauza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019744:Chemokines, C; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019744:Chemokines, C; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008222:Lymphokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D018089:Superantigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C092390:XCL1 protein, human; C486249:Xcl1 protein, mouse; C018997:lymphotactin