title: "Kicking the initiation": do adolescent ex-smokers differ from other groups within the initiation continuum?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current research on the continuum of smoking initiation has largely focused on phases of progressing frequency of smoking. To gain more insight into reasons some adolescents do, and others do not, proceed to advanced levels of smoking behavior, a continuum in which two categories of ex-smoking are proposed is examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized scores on psychosocial predictors of smoking among adolescent nonsmoking deciders and quitters were compared cross-sectionally with those of the categories of never smokers, triers, experimenters, and regular smokers (n = 23,317).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Never smokers, triers, experimenters, and regular smokers had significantly different characteristics with regard to psychosocial predictors of smoking (P < 0.01), with scores of never smokers indicating that they were least at risk of smoking in the future and those of regular smokers indicating that they were most at risk. Scores of nonsmoking deciders showed that they were less at risk than triers and experimenters and more at risk than never smokers. Quitters seemed to have less risky psychosocial characteristics than experimenters and more risky characteristics than nonsmoking deciders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studying transitions of smoking behavior based on six possible phases (i.e., never smoking, nonsmoking deciding, trying, experimenting, regular smoking, and quitting) might lead to more valid insights into predictors of adolescent smoking behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands. s.kremers@gvo.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kremers
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mudde
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010379:Peer Group; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires