title: Hammerhead ribozyme against gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase sensitizes human colonic cancer cells to cisplatin by down-regulating both the glutathione synthesis and the expression of multidrug resistance proteins.
abstract: Multidrug resistance in cancer cells is often associated with an elevation in the concentration of glutathione (GSH) and the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH. We constructed a hammerhead ribozyme against a gamma-GCS heavy subunit (gamma-GCSh) mRNA transcript and transfected it to human colonic cancer cells (HCT8DDP) resistant to cisplatin (CDDP). The effect of the ribozyme transfection on the drug resistance of cancer cells was studied. (a) Transfection of the ribozyme decreased the GSH level and the efflux of CDDP-GSH adduct, resulting in higher sensitivity of the cells to CDDP. (b) The transfection suppressed the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters such as MRP1, MRP2, and MDR1, and stimulated the expression of mutant p53. (c) An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that mutant p53 suppresses the SP1-DNA binding activity, suggesting that this mutant p53 is functional and it, in turn, suppresses the expression of ABC transporters. Collectively, transfection of anti-gamma-GCSh ribozyme reduced the synthesis of GSH and the expression of ABC transporters, which causes an increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Suppression of the SP1-DNA binding activity by p53 may be a factor of down-regulation of ABC transporters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Disease, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Scanlon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D015536:Down-Regulation; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D017931:DNA Primers; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C427204:hammerhead ribozyme; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1