title: A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term success in weight loss with dietary treatment has been elusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a diet moderate in fat based on the Mediterranean diet compared to a standard low-fat diet for weight loss when both were controlled for energy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, prospective 18 month trial in a free-living population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 101 overweight men and women (26.5-46 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Moderate-fat diet (35% of energy); (2) low-fat diet (20% of energy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in body weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 18 months, 31/50 subjects in the moderate-fat group, and 30/51 in the low fat group were available for measurements. In the moderate-fat group, there were mean decreases in body weight of 4.1 kg, body mass index of 1.6 kg/m(2), and waist circumference of 6.9 cm, compared to increases in the low-fat group of 2.9 kg, 1.4 kg/m(2) and 2.6 cm, respectively; P < or = 0.001 between the groups. The difference in weight change between the groups was 7.0 kg. (95% CI 5.3, 8.7). Only 20% (10/51) of those in the low-fat group were actively participating in the weight loss program after 18 months compared to 54% (27/50) in the moderate-fat group, (P<0.002). The moderate-fat diet group was continued for an additional year. The mean weight loss after 30 months compared to baseline was 3.5 kg (n = 19, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A moderate-fat, Mediterranean-style diet, controlled in energy, offers an alternative to a low-fat diet with superior long-term participation and adherence, with consequent improvements in weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. kdmcmanus@bics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antinoro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sacks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012527:Satiation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats