title: Local anesthetic properties of prenylamine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local anesthetics that produce analgesia of long duration with minimal impairment of autonomic functions are highly desirable for pain management in the clinic. Prenylamine is a known calcium channel blocker, but its local anesthetic blocking effects on voltage-gated sodium channels have not been studied thus far.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors characterized the tonic and use-dependent prenylamine block of native Na(+) channels in cultured rat neuronal GH3 cells during whole cell voltage clamp conditions and the local anesthetic effect of prenylamine by neurologic evaluation of sensory and motor functions of sciatic nerve during neural block in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prenylamine elicits both use-dependent block of Na(+) channels during repetitive pulses (3 microm prenylamine produced 50% block at 5 Hz) and tonic block for both resting and inactivated Na(+) channels. The 50% inhibitory concentration for prenylamine was 27.6 +/- 1.3 microm for resting channels and 0.75 +/- 0.02 microm for inactivated channels. Furthermore, in vivo data show that 10 mm prenylamine produced a complete sciatic nerve block of motor function, proprioceptive responses, and nociceptive responses that lasted approximately 27, 34, and 24 h, respectively. Rats injected with 15.4 mm bupivacaine, a known local anesthetic currently used for pain management, had a significantly shorter duration of blockade (< 2 h) compared with rats injected with prenylamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented here demonstrate that prenylamine possesses local anesthetic properties in vitro and elicits prolonged local anesthesia in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Research Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. mujtaba@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mujtaba
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerner
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011299:Prenylamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels; D011299:Prenylamine; D002045:Bupivacaine