title: Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-stimulated monocytes rapidly express biologically active IL-15 on their cell surface independent of new protein synthesis.
abstract: Although IL-15 shares many of the biological activities of IL-2, IL-2 expression is primarily under transcriptional regulation, while the mechanisms involved in the regulation of IL-15 are complex and not completely understood. In the current study, we found that CD14(+) monocytes constitutively exhibit both IL-15 mRNA and protein. IL-15 protein was found stored intracellularly and stimulation of CD14(+) monocytes with either LPS or GM-CSF resulted in mobilization of IL-15 stores to the plasma membrane. This rapidly induced surface expression was the result of a translocation of preformed stores, confirming that posttranslational regulatory stages limit IL-15, because it was not accompanied by an increase in IL-15 mRNA and occurred independent of de novo protein synthesis. After fixation, activated monocytes, but not resting monocytes, were found to support T cell proliferation, and this effect was abrogated by the addition of an IL-15-neutralizing Ab. The presence of preformed IL-15 stores and the ability of stimulated monocytes to mobilize these stores to their surface in an active form is a novel mechanism of regulation for IL-15.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Neely
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Amankwah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Epelman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Spurrell
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Jandu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Fogg
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mody
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019409:Interleukin-15; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003513:Cycloheximide