title: Prevalence of cerebral microemboli in systemic lupus erythematosus: transcranial Doppler.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and predictors of microemboli on transcranial Doppler (TCD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-seven patients with SLE underwent TCD testing. RESULTS. Fifteen of 153 patients (9.8%) who successfully underwent TCD testing had microembolic events. Predictors of TCD microemboli included valve repair or replacement (p < 0.0001) and higher SLE Disease Activity Index (p = 0.07). Antiphospholipid antibodies and atherosclerotic plaque on carotid duplex were not associated with TCD microemboli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCD microemboli may represent a noninvasive method to ascertain risk of stroke in SLE. TCD microemboli are not associated with traditional stroke risk factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if TCD microemboli are predictive of future stroke in SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kron
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Hamper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial