title: Screening of first degree relatives of patients operated for colorectal cancer: evaluation of fecal calprotectin vs. hemoccult II.
abstract: Fecal calprotectin (CPT) is elevated in the majority of patients with known colorectal cancer (CRC), but the specificity is not clarified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if a CPT test (PhiCal ELISA) was more sensitive than Hemoccult II test in detecting colorectal neoplasia, and to obtain reference values in subjects with normal colonoscopy. To evaluate a possible relation between number and extent of dysplasia of adenomas in first degree relatives of patients with CRC and the stage of the carcinoma in the index casus. Further to study the prevalence of CRC and adenomas in the first degree relatives of patients operated for CRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter study, 253 first degree relatives of patients with CRC, aged 50-75 years (mean age 60 years) underwent colonoscopy after having delivered stool samples and three Hemoccult II slides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 237 first degree relatives from 148 patients with CRC, polyps were found in 118 (50%). Seventy three (31%) had adenomas and 17 had adenomas > or =10 mm. Five had asymptomatic cancers. The specificity of fecal CPT for adenomas at cut off levels <or =10, < or =15 and < or =20 mg/l were 47.4, 59.6 and 71.1%, respectively (max of three samples). The sensitivity at same cut off levels was 56.2, 45.2 and 31.5% and 4/5 of patients with carcinoma had CPT values >15 mg/l. The sensitivity of Hemoccult II for adenomas was 8%, and 4/5 of patients with carcinoma had negative Hemoccult II. The specificity for adenomas was 95%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fecal CPT test was more sensitive than Hemoccult II in detecting colorectal neoplasia but the specificity was lower. In a high risk group like first degree relatives of patients with CRC, there are good reasons to consider fecal CPT as a first test in selecting patients for endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aker University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. j.a.kristinsson@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nygaard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aadland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barstad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sauar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hofstad
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stallemo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugstad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tøn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuglerud
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D009780:Occult Blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules