title: Changes in brain morphology in Alzheimer disease and normal aging: is Alzheimer disease an exaggerated aging process?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether Alzheimer disease (AD) represents exaggerated aging rather than a disease is controversial. Data about the effects of normal aging on the human brain are essential for clarifying this issue; however, whether coherent common patterns of regional morphologic brain changes emerge in the normal aged brain is unclear. Clarification of regional morphologic changes in the brain associated with normal aging and AD was sought using MR imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two healthy volunteers and 26 mildly to moderately impaired patients with AD participated. Images were anatomically normalized, and voxel-by-voxel analyses were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In healthy volunteers, an age-related decline in the volume of the prefrontal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus was found. These decreases might contribute to the cognitive changes during normal aging. In patients with AD, a significant reduction of gray matter volume in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex bilaterally was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphologic changes associated with normal aging are clearly different from those seen with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital of Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabira
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged