title: A comparison of cyclosporine, sulfasalazine, and symptomatic therapy in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and tolerability of cyclosporine (CSA) with that of symptomatic therapy (ST) alone and sulfasalazine (SSZ) in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve rheumatology centers recruited 99 patients with active PsA in a 24 week, prospective, randomized, open, controlled study. The patients were treated with CSA (3 mg/kg/day) or SSZ (2,000 mg/day) plus ST, or ST alone (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, analgesics, and/or prednisone < or = 5 mg/day). The primary endpoint was the 6 month change in pain. Analyses were on the basis of the intention-to-treat principle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with both SSZ and ST, there was a statistically significant difference in favor of CSA in terms of the mean changes in the pain score (p < 0.05), which was considered the primary response variable. A significant decrease in favor of CSA versus ST alone was also observed for swollen joint count (p = 0.05), tender joint count (p = 0.01), joint/pain tenderness score (p = 0.002), patient and physician global assessment by at least one point (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively), total Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale score (p = 0.002), and spondylitis functional index (p = 0.002). There was a statistically significant difference in the ACR 50% and ACR 70% response rates between the CSA and ST groups (p = 0.02, 0.05). Comparing the SSZ and ST alone groups, only the spondylitis functional index decreased significantly in the SSZ treated patients (p = 0.03). The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index was significantly lower in the CSA than in the ST and SSZ groups (p = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively). Decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significant only in the SSZ versus the ST group (p = 0.02), whereas reduction in C-reactive protein was significant in the CSA treated patients compared with the ST group (p = 0.006). The most common adverse event in the CSA group was mild, reversible kidney dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this open trial confirm that CSA is well tolerated by patients with PsA and suggest that it is more efficacious than ST or SSZ.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Service, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy. salvarani.carlo@asmn.re.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvarani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macchioni
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchesoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cutolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salaffi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lovino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dovigo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bordin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasero
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Alberighi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D016572:Cyclosporine