Gendered health resources and coping--a study from general practice.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore gender and coping in primary health care patients, by comparing self-assessed health resources in men and women.


METHODS
Female and male patients' self-assessed health resources were identified by mean of key questions, developed separately for men and women. Patients' answers were audiotaped and analyzed qualitatively. An explorative gender comparative analysis was done. The setting comprised two women GPs and their consultations. The subjects were 37 consecutive female patients and 39 consecutive male patients aged 19-85 years.


RESULTS
The analysis indicated notable differences in spite of apparent similarities in self-assessed personal health resources in men and women. In men, personal strength was part of a proud identity, while women reported that they were able to manage because they just had to. Work was often mentioned as a health resource, but while men emphasized their well-being at work and a capacity to relax at home, women handled stressful tensions by diving into household activities. While men spoke of gaining health from being with others, women talked about social relations as contexts for gaining as well as giving health.


CONCLUSIONS
None of the phenomena described by the respondents can be reasonably categorized as respectively problem-focused, emotion-focused or avoidance coping strategies. Asking people about their own ideas regarding health resources may provide more complex understandings of coping and gender. In a clinical setting skilful listening can prevent gender essentialism, where all men are regarded as different from all women.
Malterud
K
K
Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway. kirsti.malterud@isf.uib.no
Hollnagel
H
H
Witt
K
K
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003718:Denmark; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires