title: Clinical outcome following neuroleptic discontinuation in patients with remitted recent-onset schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this report was to examine the clinical course following neuroleptic discontinuation of patients with recent-onset schizophrenia who had been receiving maintenance antipsychotic treatment for at least 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three volunteer patients with recent-onset schizophrenia who had been clinically stabilized on a maintenance regimen of fluphenazine decanoate for a mean of 16.7 months had their antipsychotic medications withdrawn under clinical supervision. Participants initially entered a 24-week, double-blind crossover trial in which fluphenazine and placebo were administered for 12 weeks each. For those who did not experience symptom exacerbation or relapse during this period, fluphenazine was openly withdrawn; participants were then followed for up to 18 additional months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When a low threshold for defining symptom reemergence was used, 78% (N=39 of 50) of the patients experienced an exacerbation or relapse within 1 year; 96% (N=48 of 50) did so within 2 years. Mean time to exacerbation or relapse was 235 days. When hospitalization was used as a relapse criterion, only six of 45 of individuals (13%) experiencing an exacerbation or relapse who continued in treatment in the clinic were hospitalized, demonstrating the sensitivity of the psychotic exacerbation criterion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vast majority of clinically stable individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia will experience an exacerbation or relapse after antipsychotic discontinuation, even after more than a year of maintenance medication. However, clinical monitoring and a low threshold for reinstating medications can prevent hospitalization for the majority of these patients.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gitlin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Subotnik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fogelson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartzokis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aravagiri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C011825:fluphenazine depot; D005476:Fluphenazine