title: Abnormal patterns of regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia with primary negative symptoms during an effortful auditory recognition task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using functional brain imaging, the authors sought to replicate their earlier finding of low metabolism in the middle frontal and inferior parietal cortices of schizophrenic patients with primary negative symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the presence or absence of enduring negative symptoms, patients with schizophrenia were classified as having deficit or nondeficit schizophrenia, respectively. Twelve normal volunteers and 18 drug-free schizophrenic volunteers (deficit, N=8; nondeficit, N=10) were trained in a tone discrimination task. They were trained to perform with 70%-80% accuracy and were then scanned with positron emission tomography with [(15)O]H(2)O during three conditions: rest, sensory-motor control task, and decision task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of performance of the auditory recognition task were similar in the three groups. An initial hypothesis-driven analysis revealed that across tasks the deficit group failed to show significant activation in the middle frontal cortex. This was in contrast to both the normal volunteers and nondeficit patients. When the patient groups were contrasted, the deficit patients showed significantly less activation in the middle frontal cortex bilaterally during the control task and in the right middle frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex during the decision task. An exploratory analysis contrasting deficit and nondeficit patients across conditions did not reveal further differences between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study replicated the finding of low activation in the middle frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex in deficit schizophrenia. This deficit was observed without performance confound and may provide a marker of primary negative symptoms and a target for new therapies.
authors.affiliation: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21228, USA. alahti@mprc.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lahti
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Medoff
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tamminga
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents