title: Chemical modifications of the (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan from spores of Ganoderma lucidum and investigation of their physicochemical properties and immunological activity.
abstract: A linear (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan was isolated from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Six different functionalized derivatives of the (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan-aminopropylated, hydroxyethylated, sulfated, carboxymethylated, carboxymethylated and sulfated, and benzylamidated-carboxymethylated-with varying degrees of substitution were synthesized. The structural features and physicochemical properties of all derivatives were investigated by means of chemical and spectral analyses, and their effects on lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production were tested in vitro and in vivo. In general, the structural and physicochemical properties, and lymphocyte proliferation activity of all samples varied with the functionalized groups and the degree of substitution. The results of immunological assays indicated that some modified derivatives had potent stimulating effects on lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production and the introduction of carboxymethyl group with low degree of substitution (DS<0.28) was the best choice on the improvement of the immunostimulating activity.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Tai-Yuan Road, 200031, P.R., Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D003176:Complement C3; D005936:Glucans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C045788:alpha-1,3-glucan