title: Male breast cancer. An analysis of four cases and review of the literature.
abstract: We report the clinicopathological features and outcome of four cases of carcinoma of the male breast diagnosed at the University Hospital of the West Indies between 1988 and 1998. Male breast cancer is most commonly seen in men over age sixty years, and it exhibits the same prognosis, stage for stage, as the disease in females. However, some researchers report overall poorer survival in men, and explain this on the basis of advanced disease at presentation. Other researchers maintain that the majority of breast cancers in males present at early stages, and exhibit survival similar to that in females. The published literature concerning this uncommon malignancy is reviewed, and the data are compared with the features of our cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brady-West
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors