title: Laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery in esophageal malignancy.
abstract: Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of esophageal cancer, although the optimal type and extent of resection continue to be debated. Minimally invasive techniques, including laparoscopic and thoracoscopic esophageal resection and endoscopic ablative and resectional therapies, have emerged recently as possible alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wajed
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods