title: Expression of fas/fas ligand (fasL) and its involvement in infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to examine the expression of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), to elucidate its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and to detect possible gene mutation of Fas/FasL in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Indirect immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of liver biopsy and surgery specimens from five normal livers, and from the livers of 30 patients with HCC. Fas/FasL mRNA-expressing cells and apoptotic cells were detected by in situ hybridization and DNA nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. We also performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplifying and direct sequencing for the Fas/FasL gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fas/FasL and its mRNA were localized on the membrane or in the cytoplasm in some HCC cells, as well as hepatocytes. Their expression was enhanced in areas with infiltrating inflammatory cells in the noncancerous regions of liver tissue and on the margins of the cancerous tissue. The positivity rate for TUNEL was elevated along these margins. The labeling index of Fas/FasL was lower in the cancerous liver tissue than in the surrounding noncancerous region (P < 0.01), and tended to decrease in proportion to the malignancy of tumor cells; Fas/FasL expression was not found on poorly differentiated type cancer cells. Fas(-)/FasL(+), FasL-mRNA(+) HCC cells were seen in one specimen of moderately differentiated type. Some CD8+T lymphocytes were TUNEL-positive around the cancerous region. In this study, cancerous and noncancerous tissues in HCC revealed no genetic mutations in any exons of Fas/FasL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Fas/FasL expression was decreased in proportion to the malignancy of tumor cells, and that infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes play a role in apoptosis in HCC. The apoptosis in HCC could be regulated by the suppression of Fas/FasL expression, or, sometimes, by the enhancement of FasL expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Infectious Disease, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuzawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tagaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakumu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism*; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins