title: Drug related medical emergencies in the elderly: role of adverse drug reactions and non-compliance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse drug reactions and non-compliance are important causes of admissions in the elderly to medical clinics. The contribution of adverse drug reactions and non-compliance to admission by the medical emergency department was analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 578 consecutive elderly patients admitted to the medical emergency department were interviewed to determine the percentage of admissions due to adverse drug reactions or non-compliance with medication regimens, their causes, consequences, and predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty three (14.4%) of the 578 admissions were drug related: 39 (6.7%) caused by adverse drug reactions and 44 (7.6%) caused by non-compliance with medication. One hundred ninety two (33.2%) patients had a history of non-compliance. Factors associated with an increased risk of admission because of an adverse drug reaction were patients with diabetes or neoplasms, and patients using numerous different medications. Factors associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation because of non-compliance were poor recall of the medication regimen, seeing numerous physicians, female sex, polypharmacy, drug costs, and switching over to non-conventional forms of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many elderly admissions are drug related, with non-compliance accounting for a substantial fraction of these. Elderly people at high risk of suffering a drug related medical emergency are identified and suitable interventions may be planned by the healthcare policymakers to target them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Karan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandhi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004347:Drug Interactions; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004630:Emergencies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011306:Prescription Fees; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016312:Treatment Refusal