title: Early de novo gene expression is required for 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
abstract: Cyclopentenone prostaglandin derivatives of arachidonic acid are potent inducers of apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. Several investigators have shown that the terminal derivative of prostaglandin J(2) (PGJ(2)) metabolism, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15dPGJ(2)), induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells and is a potent activator of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), but 15dPGJ(2) effects can be mediated by PPARgamma-dependent and PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. Here we report that 15dPGJ(2) regulates early gene expression critical to apoptosis. Specifically, 15dPGJ(2) induces potent and irreversible S phase arrest that is correlated with expression of genes critical to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, including the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1) (p21). Inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis abrogates apoptosis induced by 15dPGJ(2) in breast cancer cells but potentiates apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or CD95/Fas ligand. Additionally, 15dPGJ(2) induces caspase activation that is blocked by peptide caspase inhibitors. These data show that de novo gene transcription is necessary for 15dPGJ(2)-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Critical candidate genes are likely to be revealed through analysis of differential cDNA array expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: High
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chilton
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008024:Ligands; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008024:Ligands; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D020169:Caspases; D015230:Prostaglandin D2