Respirable PLGA microspheres containing rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculosis: screening in an infectious disease model.
OBJECTIVE
Targeted delivery of rifampicin loaded microspheres to the alveolar macrophage, the host cell for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), may be an effective targeted approach to pulmonary tuberculosis therapy. A guinea pig infection model has been adopted as a post-treatment screening method for antimicrobial effect. Insufflation and nebulization methods of drug delivery were evaluated.


METHODS
Rifampicin alone (RIF, 1.03-1.72 mg/kg), within poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres (R-PLGA, equivalent to 1.03-1.72 mg/kg) or polymer microparticles alone (PLGA) were administered by insufflation or nebulization, 24 h before bacterial aerosol exposure. Animals were infected with an aerosol containing a small number (2 x 10(5) cfu/mL) of virulent H37Rv strain of MTB. Lung and spleen tissue samples were collected 28 days after infection for quantitative bacteriology and histopathological analysis.


RESULTS
There was a dose-effect relationship between insufflated R-PLGA and burden of bacteria in the lungs. In addition, guinea pigs treated with R-PLGA had a significantly smaller number of viable bacteria (P < 0.05), reduced inflammation and lung damage than lactose or saline control, PLGA or RIF treated animals.


CONCLUSIONS
These studies indicate the potential of R-PLGA, delivered by insufflation or nebulization directly to the lungs, to affect the early development of pulmonary TB.
Suarez
S
S
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
O'Hara
P
P
Kazantseva
M
M
Newcomer
C E
CE
Hopfer
R
R
McMurray
D N
DN
Hickey
A J
AJ
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008863:Microspheres; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
D000336:Aerosols; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012293:Rifampin