title: Effect of tumor weight and tube feeding on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression in the brain of mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that cytokine mRNA expression is elevated in the brains of anorectic, tumor-bearing rats. The objectives of the current study were as follows: (1) to determine whether a small tumor would result in up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta mRNA expression in the brain and other tissues of tumor-bearing mice; and (2) to determine whether hyperalimentation by tube feeding would prevent up-regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in the brain and other tissues of tumor-bearing mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) control mice fed ad libitum (Control); (2) tumor-bearing mice fed ad libitum (TB); (3) control mice receiving tube feeding (CTF); and (4) tumor-bearing mice receiving tube feeding (TBTF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression was elevated in the brains of mice with a 1% body weight tumor, relative to the control and CTF groups, without any detectable changes in the other organs. On the other hand, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression was elevated in all organs of mice with an 8% body weight tumor, relative to the control and CTF groups. Tube feeding did not change TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression in mice burdened with either a 1% or 8% body weight tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up-regulation of cytokine mRNA synthesis occurs earlier in the brain than in other organs, and hyperalimentation does not change cytokine mRNA expression in tumor-bearing mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirouzu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha