title: Aberration of FHIT gene is associated with increased tumor proliferation and decreased apoptosis-clinical evidence in lung and head and neck carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human FHIT (fragile histidine triad) gene is highly conserved gene homologous to a group of genes identified in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Loss of FHIT function may be important in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a clinical study to analyze the relation between aberrant function of FHIT gene, tumor cell proliferation, and intensity of apoptosis as well as prognostic output in lung and squamous cell head and neck carcinoma (HNSCC). Status of FHIT gene, expression of p21waf1, intensity of apoptosis, and cell proliferation were analyzed in HNSCC and lung carcinoma tissues by molecular genetic methods, immunohistochemistry, [3H]-thymidine labeling method, and FACScan analysis in frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the malignant lung and HNSCC lesions displayed aberrant expression of FHIT gene, followed by low or negative expression of p21waf1, and increased intensity of cell proliferation. Similar results were obtained on synchronous combinations of normal, precancerous, and cancerous head and neck tissues. The observed changes increased with progression of these lesions. We examined tumor and corresponding normal tissue samples for microsatellite markers D3S1300 and D3S4103 to evaluate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the FHIT gene loci. We found high percentage of LOH in both lung tumors and HNSCC (75% for D3S1300 and 79% for D3S4103 in lung cancer, and 87% for D3S1300 and 78% for D3S4103 in HNSCC). The median survival time of the patients suffering from lung cancer without FHIT protein expression was 22.46 months and that of the patients with FHIT expression 36.04 months. FHIT-negative cases tended to correlate with a worse prognosis, but this was not statistically significant. Median survival time of HNSCC patients without FHIT protein expression was 30.86 months and that of the patients with FHIT expression was 64.04 months (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a correlation between aberrant FHIT expression, a low rate of apoptosis, and high tumor cell proliferation. Aberrant FHIT gene could be a prognostic marker in lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Ruder Bosković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. ((())). pavelic@rudjer.irb.hr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelić
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krizanac
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cacev
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hadzija
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radosević
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Crnić
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levanat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapitanović
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002873:Chromosome Fragility / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
chemical_list: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human