Rectal immunization with antigen-containing microspheres induces stronger Th2 responses than oral immunization: a new method for vaccination.
The rectum as an effective site for induction of systemic and local immunity has received little attention. Rectal immunization with microspheres-containing ovalbumin (MS-OVA) was tested for its ability to elicit systemic and mucosal immune responses. Rectal immunization with MS-OVA enhanced both Th2 dominant OVA-specific IgG levels in the serum and OVA-specific IgA levels in fecal extracts more prominently than did oral immunization. Cytokine analysis of CD4(+) T cells indicated a predominant induction of Th2-type responses compared to Th1-type responses following rectal immunization compared to oral immunization. These results demonstrate that rectal immunization with microspheres could be an effective new vaccination method.
Nakase
H
H
Division of Gastroenterology & Endoscopic Medicine, Graduate School of Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawara-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Okazaki
K
K
Tabata
Y
Y
Uchida
K
K
Uose
S
S
Ohana
M
M
Nishi
T
T
Watanabe
T
T
Matsuura
M
M
Hisatsune
H
H
Matsumura
K
K
Itoh
T
T
Kawanami
C
C
Chiba
T
T
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D016207:Cytokines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D014612:Vaccines; D010047:Ovalbumin