title: Emergence of extremely high penicillin and cefotaxime resistance and high-level levofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hungary.
abstract: Oxacillin disc diffusion tests revealed that 36.7% of 327 Hungarian Streptococcus pneumoniae strains from clinical specimens were not penicillin susceptible. Determination of the MICs of penicillin, cefotaxime and levofloxacin for these strains by Etest confirmed that 30 (9.2%), 19 (5.8%) and four to 11 (1.2-3.4%) were fully penicillin-, cefotaxime- and levofloxacin-resistant, respectively. Most had extremely high MICs. Lower respiratory tract strains were more resistant than those from the upper respiratory tract. Levofloxacin-resistant strains were either penicillin intermediate or resistant, but their MICs did not correlate strongly.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Box 370, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boriszova
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rozgonyi
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D010406:Penicillins; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D002439:Cefotaxime