title: The experiences of hilar skeletonization for the treatment of locally advanced proximal bile duct cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because proximal bile duct cancer easily involves the surrounding tissue, tumor cells often remain after apparent macroscopically complete radical resection. We evaluated the effect of resective modality of these tumors on prognosis and the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on survival of patients with microscopic residual tumor following local resection in locally advanced proximal bile duct cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November, 1990 to October, 1993, 45 proximal bile duct cancer patients who received local excision were entered onto this prospective, nonrandomized study. The patients were divided into three groups after operation, 16 patients with curative resection; 15 noncurative resection; and 14 nonresection. Patients who had positive lymph nodes or microscopic cancer cells in resection margin or adjacent major vessels, were treated with postoperative external radiotherapy, 5040 cGy for 40 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival of the patients was 62.2%, 24.4%, and 15.6%, respectively. The overall mean and median survival of patients was 24.1 +/- 3.98 (mean +/- SE) months and 13 +/- 0.74 months, respectively. Survival rates between resection and nonresection showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, survival rates between curative resection and noncurative resection with postoperative radiotherapy were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resection is the treatment of choice for locally advanced proximal bile duct cancer, if resectable and the noncurative resection followed by postoperative external radiotherapy may be beneficial to the patients with locally advanced proximal bile duct cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine San 5, Wonchon-dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon 442-749, Korea. ajgs@madang.ajou.ac.kr
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D015996:Survival Rate