title: Immunomodulation by intrathymic injection of donor leukocytes in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have demonstrated that intrathymic injection of donor cells into adult rodents can result in long-term allograft survival. The rationale for using the intrathymic route of donor cell administration is that in the thymic environment immature T cells are educated to discriminate between self and non-self antigens. The validity of this approach was tested in non-human primates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of the intrathymic injection of allogeneic donor cells was investigated in rhesus monkeys and compared with IV and intracutaneous administration of donor cells. Intrathymic injections were carried out without and with antithymocyte globulin. All animals received subsequently an allogeneic skin graft of the same donor and no immunosuppression post transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin graft survival was slightly shorter in animals treated with IC donor cell injections (mean survival time [MST]=8.9+/-0.52) than untreated control animals (MST=10.0+/-0.44), indicating that this route caused sensitisation. Intravenous donor cell injection showed prolongation of graft survival times (MST=11.6+/-1.69). Intrathymic donor cell injection resulted in a graft survival of 9.2+/-1.44 days although addition of antithymocyte globulin slightly prolonged graft survival to 10.3+/-2.84 (not significant). Whereas the cellular responses after intrathymic and intravenous donor cell injections increased, antithymocyte globulin treated animals did not show an increased cellular response. Recipients of intrathymic donor cells showed a significantly decreased humoral anti-donor response as compared to other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Donor cell pretreatment alters the subsequent response to an allogeneic skin graft in monkeys and is dependent on the route of donor cell administration. This is also reflected in the alloantibody response and the in vitro cellular reactivity. Intrathymic administration of donor cells does not lead to prolonged skin graft acceptance.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Department of Immunobiology, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van den Hout
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Noort
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Versteeg-van der Voort Maarschalk
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Claas
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Woude
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perico
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000494:pharmacology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007267:Injections; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017708:Leukocyte Transfusion; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007518:Isoantibodies