title: The effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) inclusion in the diets of growing hens on growth rate, oestrogen levels and the onset of lay.
abstract: A study was conducted to test the effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) on growth performance and the onset of laying in hens. One hundred and fifteen 3-week-old chickens were divided into four treatment groups of 39, 33, 31 and 12 chickens. They were placed on four dietary treatments consisting of 0 p.p.m. CCC (control), 5 p.p.m. CCC from 14 weeks of age (5 p.p.m. A), 5 p.p.m. CCC from the beginning (5 p.p.m. B), and 50 p.p.m. CCC from the beginning (50 p.p.m. B). The basal diets were formulated according to the growing period and were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. The crude protein content was 17.99% dry matter and 14.63% dry matter during the first 3-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks, respectively. The energy content was 12.7 and 12.75 MJ metabolisable energy (ME)/kg dry matter for the respective two growth phases. Feed intake, bodyweight changes and egg production were measured. Blood samples for oestrogen determination were collected weekly from the 15th week until the first egg was laid. Depressive effects of 50 p.p.m. CCC on bodyweight gain during weeks 3-8 and feed efficiency over the whole period were observed. There were no treatment differences (p > 0.05) on feed intake, bodyweight gain during weeks 9-20 and age at the point of lay. CCC inclusion at 50 p.p.m. significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated the oestrogen concentration at 17 and 18 weeks of age, and was 65% higher than the control at 18 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gultom
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Songsang
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ter Meulen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D002716:Chlormequat / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D002716:Chlormequat