Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of patients previously treated with dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine.
BACKGROUND
Use of anorexigen therapy is associated with valvular abnormalities, although there is limited information on long-term changes in valvular regurgitation following discontinuation of these agents.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate changes in valvular regurgitation, valve morphology, and clinical parameters 1 year after an initial echocardiogram in patients previously treated with dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine and in untreated controls.


METHODS
A reader-blinded, multicenter, echocardiographic and clinical 1-year follow-up study at 25 outpatient clinical sites.


METHODS
A total of 1142 obese patients (1466 participated in the initial study) who had follow-up echocardiogram; all but 4 had a follow-up medical history and physical examination. Follow-up time from discontinuation of drug to follow-up echocardiogram for 371 dexfenfluramine patients was 17.5 months (range, 13-26 months) and for 340 phentermine/fenfluramine patients was 18.7 months (range, 13-26 months) after discontinuation of drug therapy.


METHODS
Change in grade of valvular regurgitation and valve morphology and mobility.


RESULTS
Echocardiographic changes in aortic regurgitation were observed in 8 controls (7 [1.7%] had decreases; 1 [0.2%] had an increase); 29 dexfenfluramine patients (23 [6.4%] had decreases; 6 [1.7%] had increases; P<.001 vs controls); and 15 phentermine/fenfluramine patients (4.5% all decreases; P =.03 vs controls). No statistically significant differences were observed when treated patients were compared with controls for changes in medical history, physical findings, mitral regurgitation, aortic or mitral leaflet mobility or thickness, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, ejection fraction, valve surgery, or cardiovascular events.


CONCLUSIONS
Progression of valvular abnormalities is unlikely in patients 1 year after an initial echocardiogram and 13 to 26 months after discontinuation of dexfenfluramine and phentermine/fenfluramine.
Gardin
J M
JM
Division of Cardiology, St John Hospital and Medical Center, 22201 Moross Rd, PB II, Suite 470, Detroit, MI 48236, USA. julius.gardin@stjohn.org
Weissman
N J
NJ
Leung
C
C
Panza
J A
JA
Fernicola
D
D
Davis
K D
KD
Constantine
G D
GD
Reid
C L
CL
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020372:Dexfenfluramine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D010645:Phentermine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
D001067:Appetite Depressants; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D005277:Fenfluramine; D010645:Phentermine; D020372:Dexfenfluramine