title: A novel bile duct cannulation method with tail cuff exteriorization allowing continuous intravenous infusion and enterohepatic recirculation in the unrestrained rat.
abstract: A variety of bile duct cannulation methods have been used in the study of biliary excretion in the rat. We now report the validation and use of one such method. In this method, the common bile duct and duodenum were cannulated, the free ends of the cannulae tunnelled through the abdominal wall, passed through a trochar and exteriorized at the ventral aspect of the tail. A purpose-designed stainless steel tail cuff was then attached, to protect the cannulae from the rat. The cannulae were passed through the top of a metabolism cage and attached to a dual swivel that allows the rat freedom of movement within the metabolism cage. Where necessary an additional cannula could be placed in the femoral vein to allow infusion of test material or blood sampling. The results demonstrate that the method is robust and that its use allows a reliable correlation between surgically prepared and intact animals, as physiological parameters are allowed to return to normal prior to inclusion of the animals in the study. The technique allows the animals a great deal of freedom and, as such, is considered to minimize stress associated with the procedure. This fact is reflected in the reliability and reproducibility of the data obtained over the wide range of studies that have been conducted using this method. This method has been in use for over 4 years at Inveresk and this paper describes the authors' experience with the method to date.
authors.affiliation: Inveresk Research, Veterinary Services Department, East Lothian, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donachie
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery; D004764:Enterohepatic Circulation; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar