Continuous quality improvement in small general medical practices: the attitudes of general practitioners and other practice staff.
OBJECTIVE
Continuous quality improvement (CQI) offers opportunities to improve care in small-scale office-based practice. Little is yet known about the implementation of CQI in small primary care practices. We studied the attitudes of physicians and staff in small family practices to a model of CQI tailored to office-based practice setting. PRACTICES AND DESIGN: An exploratory study in 20 family practices in The Netherlands. Practices were stimulated to adopt the model for continuous quality improvement.


METHODS
The use of the model at the end of the study period, the perception of the physicians and staff of their success with adopting the model, their view of its usefulness, their willingness to continue and personal and practical obstacles. Measurements were made using written questionnaires.


RESULTS
The rate of implementation of the model varied between practices. Participants rated their success in performing improvement projects, holding regular quality meetings and setting targets and priorities. They were positive about the usefulness of the model and they were generally willing to continue to use it. Barriers included the size of workload and the tendency to postpone actions until external support by an outreach visitor was provided. Physician and staff attitudes were homogeneous at a practice level.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings stress the importance of starting CQI with small, easy-to-handle projects. Workload reduction might be an important issue to focus on. Personal obstacles should be addressed throughout the introduction. We found attitudes in small-scale practices to be homogeneous, so that it was important to pay explicit attention to commitment to CQI from the start of the introduction.
Geboers
H
H
Center for Quality of Care Research (WOK), Department of General Medicine, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. hgeboers@knmg.nl
Mokkink
H
H
van Montfort
P
P
van den Hoogen
H
H
van den Bosch
W
W
Grol
R
R
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006302:Health Services Research; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009426:Netherlands; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000523:psychology; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology; D011216:Practice Management, Medical / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016526:Workload