title: Formation of strong airway irritants in mixtures of isoprene/ozone and isoprene/ozone/nitrogen dioxide.
abstract: We evaluated the airway irritation of isoprene, isoprene/ozone, and isoprene/ozone/nitrogen dioxide mixtures using a mouse bioassay, from which we calculated sensory irritation, bronchial constriction, and pulmonary irritation. We observed significant sensory irritation (approximately 50% reduction of mean respiratory rate) by dynamically exposing the mice, over 30 min, to mixtures of isoprene and O3 or isoprene, O3, and NO2. The starting concentrations were approximately 4 ppm O3 and 500 ppm isoprene (+ approximately 4 ppm NO2. The reaction mixtures after approximately 30 sec contained < 0.2 ppm O3. Addition of the effects of the residual reactants and the identified stable irritant products (formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, methacrolein, and methylvinyl ketone) could explain only partially the observed sensory irritation. This suggests that one or more strong airway irritants were formed. It is thus possible that oxidation reactions of common unsaturated compounds may be relevant for indoor air quality.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark. ckw@ami.dk
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolkoff
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002070:Butadienes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D051379:Mice; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010420:Pentanes; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010420:Pentanes; C005059:isoprene; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide