title: Polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 gene family, oral microbial pathogens, and smoking in adult periodontitis.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1ra contribute to regulation of the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues. We aimed to investigate the distribution of polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene family among periodontitis patients and controls, taking into account smoking and microbiology as additional variables. Fifty-three non-smoking and 52 smoking patients with severe adult periodontitis and 53 controls were genotyped for bi-allelic IL-1A(-889), IL-1B(-3954), and a penta-allelic 86-bp VNTR IL-1RN gene polymorphisms. The presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was established by culture techniques. We found a higher frequency of allele 2 carriage in IL-1A, IL-1B, and IL-1RN in periodontitis patients who were non-smokers and in whom P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans could not be detected (42.1% vs. 11.3% in controls; P = 0.0068; OR 5.7, 95% CI: 1.6-19.8). Our results provide evidence that polymorphisms in genes of the IL-1 family are associated with severe adult periodontitis in the absence of other risk factors tested in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Oral Biology, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands. ML.Laine.omb.acta@med.vu.nl
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farré
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Crusius
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vandenbroucke
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Winkelhoff
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1