title: Remodeling of atrial dimensions and emptying function in canine models of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling (ATR) and ventricular tachypacing-induced heart failure (HF) create experimental substrates for atrial fibrillation (AF), and both have been reported to produce atrial dilation and hypocontractility. The relative importance of changes in atrial size and contractility in the two models is unknown. This study compared changes in atrial dimensions and emptying in ATR versus HF dog models and related them to AF promotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  In ATR dogs (n=11), the right atrium (RA) was paced at 400/min for 42 days. In HF dogs (n=10), the right ventricle was paced at 240 bpm for 2 weeks, followed by 3 weeks at 220 bpm. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and weekly thereafter. At a terminal electrophysiological study, RA effective refractory period (ERP) was recorded and AF induced repeatedly by atrial burst pacing to measure mean AF duration (DAF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left atrial (LA) systolic area increased by 10.0% in ATR versus 48.2% in HF dogs (P=0.008), with significant time-dependent changes in HF (P=0.0001), but not ATR (P=0.16). LA diastolic area increased over time in both groups (P=0.004, 0.0001 for ATR and HF respectively), but increases were much larger in CHF (80.2%) compared to ATR (24.2%, P=0.0002). Similar findings were obtained for RA. Fractional area shortening (FAS) decreased by 19.4% (ATR) versus 41.8% (HF, P=0.007) in LA and 13.7% (ATR) versus 33.7% (HF, P=0.03) in RA. RA ERP correlated with DAF in ATR dogs (r=-0.79, P<0.001), but not in HF dogs (r=0.20, P=NS). DAF and diastolic areas of RA and LA were highly correlated (r=0.71, 0.77; P<0.01 for each) in HF dogs, but not in ATR dogs (r=-0.18, 0.29; P=NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remodeling of atrial size and emptying function is much greater in HF than in ATR. Whereas in ATR, electrophysiological remodeling is of prime importance in AF promotion, structural remodeling (as reflected in changes in atrial size and contraction) appears much more important in HF-induced AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, 5000 Belanger Street East, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ducharme
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaspo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nattel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tardif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016275:Atrial Function; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D023421:Models, Animal