title: Participation of Cbfa1 in regulation of chondrocyte maturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cbfa1 is a transcription factor, which is classified into the runt family. The mice lacking this gene display complete loss of bone formation, indicating that Cbfa1 is an essential factor for osteoblast differentiation. The Cbfa1-deficient mice also show an abnormality in cartilage development. Although cartilage anlagens are well formed in these mice, endochondral ossification is blocked, and most of chondrocytes fail to differentiate into their maturation form as characterized by the absence of type X collagen and low levels of alkaline phosphatase activity. It is suggested that Cbfa1 may participate in chondrocyte differentiation. In this study, we have investigated the role of Cbfa1 in chondrocytes during their cytodifferentiation in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the role of Cbfa1 in regulation of chondrocyte differentiation, we over-expressed Cbfa1 or its dominant negative form in cultured chick chondrocytes using a retrovirus (RCAS)system and examined changes in chondrocyte behaviour induced by the introduced genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mature chondrocytes isolated form the cephalic portion of sterna seemed to express Cbfa1 more prominently than immature chondrocytes isolated from the one-third caudal portion of sterna. Over-expression of Cbfa1 in immature chondrocytes strongly stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix calcification. In contrast, expression of a dominant negative form of Cbfa1, which lacks the C-terminal PST domain, severely inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix calcification in mature chondrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together with the observation that Cbfa1 transcripts dominantly localized in hypertrophic chondrocytes as well as in osteoblasts, it is suggested that Cbfa1 plays an important role in the progression of chondrocyte maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan. motomi@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enomoto-Iwamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase