title: Influence of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan on diuretic-induced metabolic effects in elderly hypertensive patients: comparison with a calcium channel blocker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diuretic therapy frequently induces undesirable biochemical changes and side effects. We compared metabolic effects of a low-dose diuretic (D) given in combination with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan (L), with those resulting from a diuretic given in combination with a calcium channel blocker, slow-release nifedipine (N).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension (mean age: 71 +/- 3 years) were treated with either L+D (n = 18) or N+D (n = 19) for 1 year. Diuretic therapy included low-dose trichlormethiazide or low-dose furosemide in numbers of patients that were similar between L+D and N+D groups. Blood pressure, serum electrolytes, uric acid, blood glucose, renal function and lipid parameters were measured at baseline, 6 months and 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effective blood pressure control was observed in both groups at 6 months, and with further improvement at 1 year. Serum potassium was significantly decreased from baseline at 6 months (p < 0.01) and 1 year (p < 0.01) in the N+D group, but not in the L+D group. Serum uric acid was significantly increased from baseline at 6 months (p < 0.01) and 1 year (p < 0.01) in the N+D group, but had minimally decreased at 1 year in the L+D group (p < 0.1). Blood glucose, renal function and lipid parameters did not change in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of losartan and low-dose diuretics effectively treated hypertension in elderly patients while minimizing the metabolic consequences of diuretic therapy. Larger trials will be necessary to confirm this finding.
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical University, Kita, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yukiiri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masugata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019808:Losartan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014237:Trichlormethiazide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide; D009543:Nifedipine; D019808:Losartan; D014237:Trichlormethiazide