title: In vitro susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to various antimicrobial combinations.
abstract: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as a significant pathogen in compromised patients, causing infections which are difficult to treat. Clinical isolates from patients in the Tucson area were tested against single and combination antibiotics using three testing methods. Ticarcillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and trovafloxacin provided comparable inhibitory activity, in vitro. Ciprofloxacin, imipenem and ticarcillin were active less often. Agreements between disk diffusion and broth microdilution results were poor for ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; however, agreement was > or = 90% for the other drugs tested. Major or very major errors were observed with ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, and trovafloxacin. The addition of aztreonam to ticarcillin/clavulanate enhanced the activity compared to ticarcillin/clavulanate alone using the double-disk diffusion, broth microdilution (checkerboard), and time-kill testing methods. Trovafloxacin exhibited good activity by all three methods, with bactericidal activity at > or = 2x MIC. These results indicate that the newer fluoroquinolones or the triple combination of ticarcillin/clavulanate plus aztreonam may be potential options for treatment of infection caused by S. maltophilia in patients who are intolerant to or fail trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, PO Box 210207, 1703 E. Mabel St., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Nix
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001398:Aztreonam / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015378:Imipenem / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020615:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia / Q000187:drug effects*; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002969:Clavulanic Acids; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009287:Naphthyridines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015378:Imipenem; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; C043215:ticarcillin-clavulanic acid; C080163:trovafloxacin; D013982:Ticarcillin; D001398:Aztreonam