title: Pulse pressure is the best predictor of future left ventricular mass and change in left ventricular mass: 10 years of follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ambulatory blood pressure correlates more closely with left ventricular mass (LVM) than casual blood pressure in cross-sectional studies, but prospective evidence is very limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the best predictors of LVM and change in LVM during 10 years of follow-up, in a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, blood pressure was recorded by casual measurements and 24 h intra-arterial ambulatory monitoring. The study participants were 97 healthy, untreated, 35-45-year-old men (34 normotensive, 29 borderline hypertensive, and 34 mildly hypertensive). At 10-year follow-up, echocardiography was performed in 86 (89%) of the men; echocardiographic data were available both at baseline and at follow-up from 70 (72%) of them. Individuals who were not receiving antihypertensive medication (n = 66) were included in the prediction of LVM index (LVMI), which was analysed as a continuous variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood pressure variables that were best in predicting the LVMI were: 24 h pulse pressure (r = 0.308, P = 0.012), night-time pulse pressure (r = 0.291, P = 0.018), daytime pulse pressure (r = 0.253, P = 0.041), and casual systolic blood pressure (r = 0.212, P = 0.088). The LVMI was best predicted by a model including 24 h pulse pressure, positive family history of hypertension, body mass index, and age (adjusted coefficients of determination (adj.R2) = 0.197; that for the casual blood pressure model was adj.R2 = 0.140). During the follow-up, LVMI increased by +7.5 g/m2 and +23 g/m2 in individuals receiving and not receiving antihypertensive medication, respectively (P = 0.015). The change in LVMI was best predicted by the change in casual pulse pressure and use of antihypertensive medication (adj.R2 = 0.102).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ambulatory blood pressure improved the prediction of future LVMI compared with that obtained from casual measurements. To our knowledge, this is the longest prospective follow-up to show that pulse pressure is the most significant blood pressure parameter in predicting future LVMI and change in LVMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Tampere and Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. jaana.jokinitty@uta.fi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jokiniitty
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Majahalme
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tuomisto
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Turjanmaa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011674:Pulse
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents