title: Comparison of bioimpedance versus thermodilution cardiac output during cardiac surgery: evaluation of a second-generation bioimpedance device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare a second-generation thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) hemodynamic monitoring system with the clinically used pulmonary artery catheter thermodilution (TD-PAC) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blinded, simultaneous measurements at specified key time points during surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital cardiac surgical operating rooms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients undergoing primary elective coronary artery bypass surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timed cardiac output measurements by thermodilution and continuous monitoring of bioimpedance were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac index (TEB and TD-PAC) and other hemodynamic parameters were measured at 4 time points: (1) after anesthesia induction, (2) with the mediastinum open, (3) immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass, and (4) at the end of the case. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were carried out. Cardiac index by TEB and TD-PAC had an overall correlation of r = 0.71 (p < 0.0001). The Bland-Altman statistics showed a mean difference of -0.28 L/min/m2 and precision of 0.67 L/min/m2. The best correlation was at time 1, and the lowest correlation was at time 4. Mediastinal opening and cardiopulmonary bypass had little or no effect on the correlation between technologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEB reporting of cardiac index during coronary artery surgery generally agreed with TD-PAC cardiac index except at the end of the case (time 4).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Soltow
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013815:Thermodilution