title: Real-time RT-PCR measurement of the modulation of Mu opiate receptor expression by nitric oxide in human mononuclear cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies, we have attributed opiate alkaloid selectivity to a subtype of the neuronal mu receptor known as mu3, expressed on human blood cells. Opiate alkaloid activation of this receptor subtype leads to the release of constitutively derived nitric oxide. In this report, we show by real-time RT-PCR that the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) initiates the down regulation of mu receptor gene expression in human mononuclear cells after 30 minutes. Superoxide dismutase, a free radical scavenger, blocks the effect of SNAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood were treated with SNAP (100 microM), and also with SNAP plus superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml) at different time points. Real-time RT-PCR with total RNA extracted from the cells was used to analyze expression of the mu opiate receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mu opiate receptor gene expression was significantly down regulated in cells treated with SNAP at 30 min, and superoxide dismutase blocked the effect of SNAP. At 2 and 6 hours, a rebound effect was observed as noted by an increase in mu receptor expression, and at 24 hours mu receptor expression returned to control levels in the SNAP-treated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that human mononuclear cells express the mu opiate receptor transcript and demonstrates that nitric oxide is involved in regulation of its expression.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York at Old Westbury, New York 11568-0210, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cadet
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mantione
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Bilfinger
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C110881:S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010396:Penicillamine