title: Effects of habitual physical activity on the resting metabolic rates and body compositions of women aged 35 to 50 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect habitual physical activity has on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition (fat-free mass[FFM], fat mass, and percent body fat) in active compared to sedentary adult women.
  
  
  METHODS
  RMR was measured (by indirect calorimetry) twice after a 12-hour fast at the same point of the menstrual cycle and 48 hours after exercise. FFM, fat mass and percent body fat were measured using whole body air displacement plethysmography. Energy intake and expenditure were determined using 7-day weighed-food records and activity logs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy, weight-stable premenopausal women aged 35 to 50 years classified as either active (approximately 9 hours per week of physical activity for 10 or more years) (n= 18) or sedentary (approximately 1 hour per week of physical activity) (n= 14).
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of covariance was used to investigate differences in mean RMR (kcal/day) between the groups adjusted for FFM, and independent t tests were used to determine differences in demographic, energy expenditure, and diet variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percent body fat and fat mass were lower (P<.0005) and RMR (adjusted for FFM) was significantly higher in the active women (P=.045) compared with sedentary controls. In the active and sedentary groups respectively, mean adjusted RMR was 1,510 kcal/day and 1,443 kcal/day, body fat was 18.9% and 28.8%, and fat mass was 11.1 kg and 18.8 kg. Groups were similar in body mass, FFM, body mass index, and age. Mean energy balance appeared to be more negative in the active group (P=.0059) due to significantly higher mean self-reported energy expenditures (P=.0001) and similar mean self-reported energy intakes (P=.52) compared with sedentary controls. These data indicate that active women who participate in habitual physical activity can maintain lower body fat and a higher RMR than sedentary controls with similar body mass, FFM, and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research supports and emphasizes the benefits of habitual physical activity in maintaining RMR and lower body fat levels in middle-aged women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Arizona State University East, Mesa, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilliat-Wimberly
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Manore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woolf
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged