title: Elevated interleukin-13 in patients with active lupus nephritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the significance of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in patients with active lupus nephritis (LN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers and 16 patients with active LN were included in this study. The protein level of IL-13 in plasma was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gene expression of IL-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression of IL-13 mRNA in renal tissue was studied by in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of IL-13 in plasma and the expression of IL-13 mRNA in PBMCs were significantly higher in LN patients than those in the controls (P < 0.001). Increased expression of IL-13 mRNA was detected in renal tissue of active LN patients compared to those in the controls (P < 0.001). Analysis of the linear correlation indicated that the level of IL-13 mRNA in the tubulointerstitial area in patients with active LN correlated with the concentration of serum creatinine (Scr), the glomerular activity index (GAI), the activity index of tubulointerstitium, and the level of serum C3 (P < 0.05 for each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevation of IL-13 may play an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of active LN.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D012333:RNA, Messenger