title: Relation between soluble adhesion molecules and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic individuals: role of adipose tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between insulin resistance and plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules and to examine the effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on these molecules in type 2 diabetic individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and E- and P-selectin plasma concentrations were measured in 36 nonobese type 2 diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease and in 7 healthy subjects. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by a 4-h euglycemic ( approximately 5 mmol/l)-hyperinsulinemic ( approximately 300 pmol/l) clamp performed in combination with [(3)H]3-D-glucose infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic subjects were insulin resistant but did not show plasma concentrations of adhesion molecules that were significantly higher than control subjects. In diabetic subjects, plasma ICAM-1 and E-selectin were negatively correlated with total glucose disposal during the insulin clamp (r = -0.432, P < 0.01; and r = -0.375, P < 0.05, respectively), whereas plasma VCAM-1 and P-selectin were not. Plasma ICAM-1 as well as E- and P-selectin were positively correlated with BMI, total body fat (TBF), and waist girth (P < 0.05-0.001). In multiple regression analyses, the relation of plasma ICAM-1 and E-selectin with insulin sensitivity was lost after adjustment for potential confounders, including HbA(1c), blood pressure, and/or LDL cholesterol. In these analyses, BMI was the only independent predictor of plasma ICAM-1 (R(2) = 0.244, P < 0.002), whereas TBF was the only independent predictor of plasma E-selectin (R(2) = 0.202, P = 0.01). The 4-h insulin infusion during the glucose clamp did not significantly change plasma levels of adhesion molecules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall adiposity, rather than insulin resistance, may be a determinant of plasma levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in type 2 diabetic individuals. In these patients, acute hyperinsulinemia does not exert any significant effect on plasma adhesion molecules. These findings support the possibility that adipose tissue releases one or more factors that may adversely affect endothelial function on one hand and insulin sensitivity on the other.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bonadonna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alberiche
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zenere
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muggeo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D019087:Selectins / Q000097:blood*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019087:Selectins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1