title: Clomiphene citrate does not affect the secretion of alpha3, alphaV and beta1 integrin molecules during the implantation window in patients with unexplained infertility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The expression of integrin molecules on the endometrium suggests that certain integrins may participate in the cascade of molecular events leading to successful implantation. A prospective, controlled study was carried out to investigate the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on secretions of beta1, alpha3 and alphaV integrin molecules in the endometrium of patients with unexplained infertility during the implantation window.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 endometrial samples was evaluated in both spontaneous (n = 13) and ensuing clomiphene-treated cycles (100 mg on days 5-9) and also from fertile women serving as controls (n = 14) during postovulatory 7th or 8th day of menstrual cycle. A semiquantitative grading system (H-score) was used to compare the immunohistochemical staining intensities. Endometrial thickness and serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were also measured on the day of sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staining of alpha(v) but not beta1 and alpha3 integrins was significantly less intense in infertile cases than fertile control cases (1.42 +/- 0.12 versus 2.21 +/- 0.13 respectively, P = 0.012) and this was not restored to normal concentrations with treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicated that cc treatment significantly decreased the endometrial thickness and increased oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. However, secretion of alpha(v), beta1 and alpha3 integrin molecules, which might play a role in implantation, was not affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vatansever
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kuscu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ceylan
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy; D039422:Integrin alpha3; D039564:Integrin alphaV; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000032:analysis*; D016023:Integrins / Q000032:analysis*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D039422:Integrin alpha3; D039564:Integrin alphaV; D019012:Integrin beta1; D016023:Integrins; D002996:Clomiphene; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol