title: Effects of inhibition of PDE4 and TNF-alpha on local and remote injuries following ischaemia and reperfusion injury.
abstract: 1. The effects of phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 and TNF-alpha inhibition were assessed on the local and remote injuries following intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. 2. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram dose-dependently (1 - 10 mg kg(-1)) suppressed the local (intestine) and remote (lung) increases in vascular permeability and neutrophil recruitment following mild I/R injury. SB207499 (ariflo), a structurally-distinct PDE4 inhibitor, also suppressed the injuries following mild I/R injury. 3. In a severe model of I/R injury, treatment with rolipram (10 mg kg(-1)) partially reversed the local and remote increases in vascular permeability, neutrophil recruitment, intestinal haemorrhage and intestinal LTB(4) concentrations. The anti-TNF-alpha anti-serum was more effective than rolipram at inhibiting local and remote injuries and prevented the lethality associated with severe I/R. 4. Rolipram and anti-TNF-alpha prevented the increase in the concentrations of TNF-alpha in the lung and intestine, but rolipram only partially inhibited the elevation of this cytokine in serum. Rolipram had little effect on the increases of IL-1 beta concentrations in lung and serum, whereas treatment with anti-TNF-alpha markedly increased the concentration of this cytokine. Concentrations of IL-10 rose significantly in the lung and serum and these increases were blocked by rolipram or anti-TNF-alpha. 5. The capacity of PDE4 inhibitors to block the recruitment of neutrophils into tissues, the production of LTB(4) and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 appear to underlie their anti-inflammatory effects in our model of I/R injury. Overall, PDE4 inhibition was less effective than inhibition of TNF-alpha for protection against I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Cassali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020889:Rolipram / Q000494:pharmacology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D007106:Immune Sera; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C433247:Cilomilast; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D020889:Rolipram