title: Preventing diabetic nephropathy: an audit.
abstract: In type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria not receiving antihypertensive treatment, an increase in urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) of 6% to 14%/year and a risk for the development of diabetic nephropathy of 3% to 30%/year have previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to audit the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the progression of microalbuminuria and development of diabetic nephropathy. We consecutively identified 227 type 1 diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria (urinary AER between 30 and 300mg/24h, ELISA). According to the level (> or = 100 or < 100mg/24 h) and/or rate of progression in urinary AER (>6% or < or =6%/year), patients were divided into a high-risk group (n= 177) and a low-risk group (n= 50) for development of diabetic nephropathy. According to international guidelines, all patients at high-risk were recommended ACE-inhibitor treatment. Throughout the study, 67% of the patients were treated with an ACE inhibitor. Urinary AER significantly declined by 8.3%/year (95% CI: 2.8 to 13.9) in the whole group of patients, and the risk for the development of diabetic nephropathy during follow-up was 3.5%/year. Glycaemic control and blood pressure remained unchanged during the study. The implementation of modified international guidelines regarding the use of ACE inhibition in the treatment of microalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients reduced progression to diabetic nephropathy comparable to what has previously been reported in intervention trials.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark. hpha@novo.dk
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarnow
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Parving
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008485:Medical Audit
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose