title: Effects of aerial spray volume, coverage, and sabadilla on Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
abstract: Helicopter applications using sabadilla (27-57 g [AI]/ha and 11.1-23.7 kg/ha sugar bait) in different volumes of water were made on avocado against Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara in Ventura County, CA. On small (2.8 m tall) trees, volumes of 374 and 795 liter/ha resulted in 3-18% and 19-43% spray coverage, respectively, on water-sensitive papers. On large (6.9-8.4 m tall) trees, these volumes resulted in only 1-3% and 6-11% coverage, respectively. On small trees, sabadilla in 374 liter/ha significantly reduced numbers of larvae 3 and 6 d after treatment (DAT). In contrast, on large trees, 374 liter/ha did not reduce larval numbers and was less effective than 561-1,964 liter/ha from 3-11 DAT. However, volumes of 1,543 and 1,964 liter/ha did not increase efficacy compared with 1,169 liter/ha. The results indicate that large trees require sabadilla in higher spray volumes for control of S. perseae, making applications on large trees more costly. The extra costs may not result in larval control beyond 11 d, making it especially critical to properly time applications on large trees.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Extension, University of California, Ventura 93003, USA.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Faber
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D000818:Animals; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007313:Insecta; D007306:Insecticides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D027421:Persea
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C442300:sabadilla