title: Coagulation testing in pediatric blunt trauma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of abnormal coagulation studies and to identify variables associated with markedly elevated coagulation studies in children with blunt trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of all patients < 15 years old hospitalized at a Level 1 trauma center for either blunt head or torso trauma over a 4-year period. Data from each patient's emergency department (ED) presentation were abstracted. ED coagulation studies were defined prior to data analysis as elevated if the international normalized ratio (INR) was > or =1.2 or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was > or =33.0 seconds and markedly elevated if the INR was > or =1.5 or PTT was > or =40 seconds. Variables associated with markedly elevated coagulation studies in a univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were entered into a backward elimination logistic regression analysis to identify variables independently associated with markedly elevated coagulation studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1082 patients' records were reviewed, and the 830 (77%) patients with coagulation studies obtained composed the study population. Elevated coagulation studies were detected in 232 (28%) patients, and 49 (6%) of these were found to be markedly elevated. In the multivariate analysis, a GCS < or =13 (odds ratio [OR] 8.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3, 17.7), low systolic blood pressure (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6, 9.9), open/multiple bony fractures (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4, 6.2), and major tissue wounds (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4, 5.6) were independently associated with markedly elevated coagulation studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitalized pediatric blunt trauma patients frequently have minor elevations in ED coagulation studies. Marked elevations occur infrequently and are independently associated with a GCS < or =13, low systolic blood pressure, open/multiple bony fractures, and major tissue wounds.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817-2282, USA. jfholmes@ucdavies.edu
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuppermann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications