title: [Diagnosis of trisomy 21: nuchal translucency and/or serum markers?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare alternative methods of antenatal screening for Down's syndrome (nuchal translucency measurement and second trimester maternal serum screening) in a low-risk population and to evaluate the consequences of a sequential estimation of risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a consecutive series of 4308 women aged less than 38 with a singleton pregnancy, we examined the detection rate of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement at 10-14 weeks and maternal serum screening (MSS) by human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-feto-protein at 14-18 weeks. Women with a NT measurement = 3 mm and women with a MSS derived risk = 1/250 were recommended to have an amniocentesis. A second trimester detailed ultrasound scan was also performed in all women. The outcome of all pregnancies was entered in a computerized database and the detection rate and false-positive rate of different screening strategies were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 4308 pregnancies that were followed (mean maternal age 30.1 years), there were 12 cases of Down's syndrome (0.28%), all detected prenatally. Seven of twelve cases had a NT measurement above 3 mm (58%), and 6 out of ten cases with available MSS had a calculated risk = 1/250 (60%). Four of the five cases with NT measurement below 3 mm were detected by subsequent MSS. At a threshold giving 5% of positive tests, the sensitivity of NT screening and MSS were 75% and 60%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential screening for Down's syndrome by nuchal translucency and second trimester biochemistry is effective and appears to increase the detection rate compared to the use of any single test. However, this strategy is likely to raise the false-positive rate and the interpretation of MSS derived risk should be combined to the first trimester NT measurement.
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, 157, rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France. francois.audibert@abc.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Audibert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dommergues
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benattar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taieb
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frydman
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins