title: Localized prostate cancer: effect of hormone deprivation therapy measured by using combined three-dimensional 1H MR spectroscopy and MR imaging: clinicopathologic case-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of combined magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and three-dimensional (3D) proton MR spectroscopic imaging in localizing prostate cancer to a sextant of the gland in patients receiving hormone deprivation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined MR imaging/3D MR spectroscopic imaging examinations were performed in 16 hormone-treated patients and 48 nontreated matched control patients before radical prostatectomy and step-section histopathologic analysis. At MR imaging, cancer presence within the peripheral zone was assessed on a per sextant basis by two readers. At 3D MR spectroscopic imaging, cancer was identified by using (choline plus creatine)-to-citrate ratios at cutoff values of 2 and 3 SDs above mean normal peripheral zone values. Data were compared by using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the ability of combined MR imaging/3D MR spectroscopic imaging to localize prostate cancer in treated versus control patients. For MR imaging alone, the sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 48% (reader 1) and 75% and 60% (reader 2) in treated patients versus 79% and 60% (reader 1) and 84% and 43% (reader 2) in control patients. For 3D MR spectroscopic imaging alone (>3 SDs cutoff), higher specificity (treated, 80%; controls, 73%) but lower sensitivity (treated, 56%; controls, 53%) was attained. In treated patients, high sensitivity or specificity (up to 92%) was achieved when either or both modalities indicated cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When performed within 4 months after initiating hormone deprivation therapy, combined MR imaging/3D MR spectroscopic imaging had the same accuracy in localizing prostate cancer as in nontreated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, Magnetic Resonance Science Center, 1 Irving St, Suite AC-109, San Francisco, CA 94143-1290, USA.
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Mueller-Lisse
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hricak
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bessette
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scheidler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Males
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurhanewicz
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003903:Deuterium; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017273:Goserelin; D003903:Deuterium; D016729:Leuprolide