title: Mechanism for the switch of phi29 DNA early to late transcription by regulatory protein p4 and histone-like protein p6.
abstract: Bacteriophage phi29 gene expression takes place from four major promoters, three of them (A2b, A2c and A3) clustered within 219 bp at a central region of the genome. Transcription regulation of these promoters involves both a highly specific DNA-binding protein (p4) and a low specificity DNA-binding protein (p6) functionally related to prokaryotic histone-like proteins. Protein p6 forms extended oligomeric arrays along the phage DNA. In contrast, protein p4 binds specifically upstream of late promoter A3 and early promoter A2c. We have analysed the concomitant binding of p6 and p4 and found that the proteins cooperate with each other in the binding to the central region of the genome, resulting in a ternary p4-p6-DNA complex that affects local DNA topology. Through this complex, protein p6 exerts a direct role in the repression of promoter A2c, impeding unwinding of the DNA strands needed for open complex formation. In contrast, protein p6 functions by reinforcing the positioning of protein p4 in the repression of promoter A2b and activation of promoter A3, thereby facilitating p4-mediated transcription regulation.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salas
mesh_terms: D017103:Bacillus Phages / Q000502:physiology*; D002474:Cell-Free System; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C413452:phage phi29 protein p6