title: [Non-invasive monitoring of rejection after cardiac transplantation. The method and retrospective analysis of data on 734 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard for monitoring rejection in cardiac recipients. The death rate due to rejection with this invasive method is 5-6 % in the first postoperative year. The aim of this retrospective data analysis from cardiac recipients was to prove the diagnostic reliability of a non-invasive electrophysiological method for rejection monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  We daily analyzed the QRS-complex amplitude of the intramyocardial electrogram, which we received over a period from one year via a pacemaker with a telemetric capability. The diagnostic guideline for a suspected rejection was the reduction of the QRS-complex amplitude by more than 8 %. Out of 734 patients 558 were included in the study. Biopsy was only performed when the non-invasive rejection monitoring data (QRS-complex amplitude plus echocardiography) showed a discrepancy for rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the patients died due to rejection, 273 at least once underwent a biopsy, and 285 never had a biopsy. The method reached a sensitivity of 0.9777, a specificity of 0.9634, a negative predictive value of 0.9850, and a positive predictive value of 0.9459.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily electrophysiological non-invasive monitoring of rejection seems to be superior to endomyocardial biopsy. Death of patients due to rejection can be minimised. The number of necessary biopsies can be drastically reduced when compared to the usual number performed.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin. jmueller@dhzb.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eubel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dandel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hetzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004699:Endocardium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors