title: Toxicology and safety of Ferrochel and other iron amino acid chelates.
abstract: Iron is estimated to be deficient in the diets of one fifth of the world's population. Iron is commonly provided as a supplemental nutrient in industrialized countries for uses of choice. In other countries of the world, it may be required as an overt addition to the diet to prevent iron deficiency. This may be accomplished through fortification of a common food. As a micronutrient, iron has a relatively narrow range of safety--whether given as a supplement or fortificant, it must be in a high enough dose to be appreciably absorbed, but low enough to avoid toxicity. This concern can be ameliorated by careful choice of the form of iron administered. A source of iron which has proven to be highly bioavailable, yet regulated by dietary need, is iron chelated with amino acids. The structural integrity and longevity of these compounds have been proven by valid chemical and instrumental tests. Proofs of safety of iron amino acid chelate in the dietary administration of iron to swine in both multigenerational and longevity studies are reported. Formal tests of toxicity utilizing ferrous bisglycinate chelate (Ferrochel) carried out in accordance to US-FDA guidelines are also summarized. Ferrochel has been demonstrated to have a No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of at least 500 mg per kg rat body weight, the highest dose tested. This and other results of the detailed toxicity test, as well as other tests of safety and efficacy, have resulted in the US-FDA acknowledging that this product is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) under its approved conditions of use as a source of iron for food enrichment and fortification purposes.
authors.affiliation: Albion Laboratories, Inc., Clearfield, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jeppsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; C073588:bis-glycino iron II; D005998:Glycine