title: Polymorphic internal transcribed spacer region 1 DNA sequences identify medically important yeasts.
abstract: Species-specific polymorphisms in the noncoding internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the rRNA operon provide accurate identification of clinically significant yeasts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ITS1 noncoding regions contain diagnostically useful alleles. The length of ITS1 region PCR products amplified from 40 species (106 clinical strains, 5 reference strains, and 30 type strains) was rapidly determined with single-base precision by automated capillary electrophoresis. Polymorphisms in the PCR product length permitted 19 species to be distinguished by ITS1 alone, compared with 16 species distinguished by using only ITS2. However, combination of both ITS alleles permitted identification of 30 species (98% of clinical isolates). The remaining 10 species with PCR products of similar sizes contained unique ITS alleles distinguishable by restriction enzyme analysis. DNA sequence analysis of amplified ITS1 region DNA from 79 isolates revealed species-specific ITS1 alleles for each of the 40 pathogenic species examined. This provided identification of unusual clinical isolates, and 53 diagnostic ITS1 sequences were deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences showed a similar overall topology to 26S rRNA gene-based trees. However, different species with identical 26S sequences contained distinct ITS alleles that provided species identification with strong statistical support. Together, these data indicate that the analysis of ITS polymorphisms can reliably identify 40 species of clinically significant yeasts and that the capacity for identifying potentially new pathogenic species by using this database holds significant promise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eisner
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kattar
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rassoulian-Barrett
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lafe
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Limaye
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Cookson
mesh_terms: D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000032:analysis*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015003:Yeasts / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C065096:RNA, ribosomal, 26S