title: Characterization of nasal spray pumps and deposition pattern in a replica of the human nasal airway.
abstract: Deposition patterns are described of a nasal spray formulation for a novel rhinovirus protease inhibitor. These patterns, which were generated from different nasal spray pumps, were characterized using a multisectional nasal airway model. A human nasal replica was made from an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of an adult male human. The nasal replica consisted of 77 acrylic plastic sections, 1.5-mm thick. Our data showed that the aerosols were deposited mainly in the anterior and turbinate regions with little passing beyond the nasopharyngeal region. Detailed deposition information from the turbinate region indicated that deposition was high toward the anterior portion where most deposition was concentrated on the inferior meatus. Spray droplets were also deposited in spots of the middle and posterior portions of the turbinate region, and this nonuniform deposition pattern may be correlated with the flow pattern. The spray angle and droplet size of the nasal spray were found to be important in influencing the deposition pattern in the nasal airway. The droplet size was determined by a laser-diffraction technique and the spray angle by high-speed photography. Larger droplets and a wider spray angle increased deposition in the anterior region of the nasal airway, which prevented more material from depositing in the turbinate region.
authors.affiliation: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA. ycheng@lrri.org
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Guilmette
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Surakitbanharn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rowlings
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000336:Aerosols; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards*; D010316:Particle Size; D010781:Photography; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D011480:Protease Inhibitors