title: Genetic variations of the paraoxonase gene in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paraoxonase (PON) plays an important role in preventing low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and thus may be involved in protection against atherosclerosis. Several studies have suggested that genetic variations of the PON gene are associated with plasma HDL levels and coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was conducted to elucidate the association between three polymorphisms of the PON1 and PON2 genes and Korean patients with CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-one patients with CAD and 113 age-matched normal controls were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were analyzed for PON polymorphisms by restriction enzyme digestion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was linkage disequilibria between each polymorphism pair in the CAD and control groups. The Hsp92II polymorphism at codon 54 of the PON1 gene was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol levels in the control group (p = 0.02). An association between the AlwI polymorphism and HDL-cholesterol level appeared statistically significant in women of the normal group (p = 0.04). In addition, the DdeI and AlwI polymorphisms were positively associated with HDL (p = 0.02) and LDL (p = 0.03) levels in men of the CAD group, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggested a gene-gene interaction between the PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms for CAD risk. However, we could not exclude the possibility that these polymorphisms may have linkage disequilibrium with a tightly linked PON3 locus or significant atherosclerotic alleles of nearby genes. Family studies may, therefore, help to confirm the role of the PON polymorphism for CAD risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004950:Esterases / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values; D012306:Risk; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D004950:Esterases; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human; C468411:PON2 protein, human