title: The value of cystoscopy and intravenous urography after magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography in the staging of cervical carcinoma.
abstract: The clinical staging system for cervical carcinoma presently recommended by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) does not include MRI or CT findings and thus suffers limited accuracy. Recently however, the positive contributions of MRI and CT to preoperative staging have been reported. This study involves a determination of the value of routine cystoscopy and intravenous urography, in the detection of bladder invasion or hydronephrosis resulting from cervical carcinoma, among patients who had undergone MRI or CT. Among a total 296 patients with cervical carcinoma, 271 patients (92%) had undergone MRI and 25 (8%) CT. Bladder invasion was identified pathologically by cystoscopic biopsy in 8 (57%) of the 14 patients with suspected bladder invasion on MRI or CT. There was no bladder invasion in any of the other cases lacking in bladder invasion evidence on MRI or CT. Hydronephrosis was identified by intravenous urography in 18 patients, as it also was in all of these cases on MRI or CT, confirming a negative predictive value for MRI or CT, in detecting bladder invasion or hydronephrosis from cervical carcinoma, of 100%. Therefore, although MRI or CT cannot totally replace cystoscopy, the latter is unnecessary in the absence of bladder invasion evidence on MRI or CT. Intravenous urography, however, can be safely omitted whenever MRI or CT is performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*; D014567:Urography / Q000592:standards*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology