title: Cholesterol and neuropathologic markers of AD: a population-based autopsy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of plasma cholesterol (total and high-density [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein) levels with neuritic plaques (NP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in a population-based autopsy series of 218 Japanese American men followed as a part of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cholesterol levels were measured in late life (average age at death 84.6 years) in all subjects (n = 218) and in midlife (20 years before late life) in a subsample (n = 89); for the analyses, levels were categorized into quintiles, with the lowest quintile serving as the reference. Tissue from four areas of neocortex and two areas of hippocampus was prepared with Bielschowsky silver-stained sections and evaluated by one of three neuropathologists who were blinded to clinical information. Diffuse and neuritic plaques and NFT were counted in field areas standardized to 1 mm(2). Fields were selected from areas with the highest numbers of lesions, and the field with the highest count was taken to represent the brain area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age at death, education, APOE allele, dementia, neuropathologic infarction, and blood pressure, a strong linear association was found for increasing late-life HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and an increasing number of neocortical NP (5th versus 1st quintile: count ratio [95% CI] 2.30 [1.05 to 5.06]) and hippocampal (2.63 [1.25 to 5.50]) and neocortical (4.20 [1.73 to 10.16]) NFT. Trends were similar for the midlife HDL-C levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The constituents of HDL-C may play a role in the formation of AD pathology, and these processes are reflected in peripheral measures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. LaunerL@exmur.nia.nih.gov
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Launer
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Petrovitch
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Curb
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL