title: Features of childhood sexual abuse and the development of psychiatric and substance use disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the risk associated with features of CSA and examine whether specific associations exist between particular profiles of CSA and the development of specific syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based sample of adult female twins, we used logistic regression to explore the association between features of CSA (reported by the twin and her co-twin) and lifetime major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder and alcohol and drug dependence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate and stepwise multiple regressions, patterns of predictors differed, although not significantly, across diagnoses. Greater risk was associated with attempted or completed intercourse, the use of force or threats, abuse by a relative, and a negative response by someone who was told about the abuse. Similar patterns were observed with co-twin reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific features of CSA differentially increase risk of later psychopathology; however, there do not appear to be unique predictive relationships between features of CSA and the emergence of specific psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA. cbulik@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bulik
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kendler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology