title: Endocranial vascular patterns in a familial rabbit model of coronal suture synostosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates the potential relationship between craniosynostosis and any changes in endocranial vasculature. The hypothesis that crania from rabbits with familial, nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis and crania from rabbits with experimental immobilization of the coronal suture are associated with altered form of the middle meningeal vessels and dural venous sinuses is tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Silicone rubber endocasts from 14 adult New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with familial nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis (five with bilateral coronal suture synostosis and nine with unilateral coronal suture synostosis) were made to assess middle meningeal vessel and dural venous sinus form. For comparative purposes, endocasts were made from 25 rabbits with normal, patent coronal sutures and 10 rabbits with experimental immobilization of the coronal suture. Impressions of the dural venous sinuses were assessed for depth and width. The area of the confluens of sinuses was also assessed. Impressions of the middle meningeal vessels were assessed for depth, width, and degree of convolution. For width of the dural venous sinuses and area of the confluens of sinuses, comparisons among groups were made with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). For depth of the dural venous sinuses and impressions of the middle meningeal vessels, comparisons among groups were made using a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crania with familial coronal suture synostosis had significantly (p <.05) reduced posterior dural venous sinus dimensions when compared with both crania from rabbits with experimental immobilization of the coronal suture and rabbits with normal coronal sutures. Crania with both coronal suture synostosis and experimental immobilization had significant increases in dimensions of the middle meningeal vessels relative to normal crania. In addition, casts from rabbits with unicoronal suture synostosis showed marked asymmetry in the dural venous sinuses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the hypothesis that craniosynostosis is associated with alterations in endocranial vasculature. These changes are most likely a secondary response to synostosis rather than a causal factor and may reflect increased intracranial pressure, decreased intracranial volume, and local accumulations and reductions of cerebrospinal fluid in the posterior region of the skull and immediately deep to the coronal suture.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Slippery Rock University, Suite 100 North Road, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA. amb11+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Losken
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000473:pathology; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000098:blood supply*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000098:blood supply*; D007103:Immobilization; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D008576:Meningeal Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000098:blood supply*; D011817:Rabbits; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers