title: Clinical application of full-arc, depth-dependent, astigmatic keratotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case series of the first clinical application of a new method of astigmatic keratotomy termed full-arc, depth-dependent astigmatic keratotomy (FDAK).
  
  
  METHODS
  The type of astigmatism was analyzed by corneal topography. If the astigmatism was regular, paired arcuate incisions of 90 degrees length were used. Incision depth varied between 40% and 75% of local corneal thickness for controlling the level of astigmatic correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 13 cases had regular astigmatism, and paired arcuate incisions of 90 degrees length were used. Four cases with incisions at 40% depth, five cases at 50% depth, three cases at 60% depth, and one case at 75% depth induced vector astigmatic change of 0.93 +/- 0.33 D, 1.92 +/- 0.24 D, 3.17 +/- 0.26 D, and 4.44 D, respectively, 3 months after surgery. From 3 months to 1 year or 3 years, the postoperative astigmatism was stable, and no cases showed astigmatic regression of 0.50 D or more. Every topographic difference map indicated effective flattening and steepening occurring with a 1:1 coupling ratio. All postoperative color maps showed a marked improvement in corneal sphericity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In FDAK using paired 90 degrees incisions at 40-75% depth, an almost linear relationship between the incision depth and degree of astigmatic change was observed. FDAK may be an effective and safe method of astigmatic keratotomy that accurately controls the level of astigmatic correction. More clinical applications are necessary for drawing final conclusions and making a nomogram.
authors.affiliation: Kushimoto Rehabilitation Center, Kushimoto, Japan. akura@skyblue.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadonosono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003315:Cornea / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D006801:Humans; D007646:Keratotomy, Radial / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity