title: The first large-scale nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) of donated blood using multiplex reagent for simultaneous detection of HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 and significance of NAT for HBV.
abstract: The first nationwide nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) of voluntarily donated blood after serological pre-screening and before release of cellular components and plasma for fractionation was implemented by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Transfusion Services. From February 1, 2000 to April 30, 2001, specimens from 6,805,010 units of serologically negative donation were screened in minipools of 50 samples within 24 hr after blood donation by NAT using multiplex HBV/HCV/HIV-1 reagent for blood transfusion including short shelf-life platelets. Among them, 112 HBV DNA-positives, 25 HCV RNA positives and 4 HIV-1 RNA positives were screened out and we could prevent transfusion of these NAT positive units. Subtypes/genotypes of HBV DNA, adr/C, adw/A, adw/B, adw/C, ayr/C and ayw/D were found and adr/C was predominant. A total of 61.6 % of them (69/112) were negative by overnight EIA. Sixth three of HBV NAT-positive samples carried virus loads less than 10(4) copies/mL and 92.1 % of them (58/63) were negative by overnight EIA. The virus growth curves of HBV in 6 cases obtained by retrospective and prospective follow-up study showed exponential straight lines in the early stage of serological window periods and the log times of HBV growth (10 fold increase) in serological window period were between 4.6 and 7.6 days. NAT screening with highly sensitive reagents in pool of specimens is useful to exclude blood units with low level of HBV and HBV mutants from blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross (JRC) Staitaimai Blood Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1213, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murokawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minegishi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lizuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakahira
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murozuka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishioka
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D012011:Red Cross; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D009696:Nucleic Acids