title: Iridium(III, 0, and -I) Complexes Stabilized by 1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf): Synthesis and Characterization. Crystal Structures of [Na(THF)(5)][Ir(dppf)(2)].THF and [Ir(dppf)(2)].
abstract: The iridium(I) complex stabilized by the organometallic ligand 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf), [Ir(dppf)(2)](+), 1, undergoes a cyclometalation reaction in solution to give the iridium(III) hydride [IrH(dppf(-H))(dppf)](+), 2, which has been isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The compound is the final product of the intramolecular oxidative addition of the ortho C-H bond of a phenyl substituent of the diphosphine and is formed through an intermediate hydride, which has also been spectroscopically characterized. 1 can be electrochemically reduced to the Ir(0) and Ir(-I) species, [Ir(dppf)(2]), 3, and [Ir(dppf)(2)](-), 4, respectively, in two reversible single-electron processes. These low-valent metal complexes have been obtained by chemical reduction of 1 with sodium naphthalenide in tetrahydrofuran solution and their crystal and molecular structures determined by single-crystal X-ray analyses. 3 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P&onemacr;, with a = 13.019(4) Å, b = 13.765(6) Å, c = 15.549(5) Å, alpha = 93.74(3) degrees, beta = 90.35(3) degrees, gamma = 92.07(3) degrees, V = 2779(2) Å(3), and Z = 2. Anionic complex 4 crystallizes as sodium-solvated salt [Na(THF)(5)][Ir(dppf)(2)].THF, 4b, in which the sodium cation is surrounded by five molecules of THF in a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal environment. 4b crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 13.325(3) Å, b = 23.976(5) Å, c = 26.774(7) Å, beta = 98.77(2) degrees, V = 8454(4) Å(3), and Z = 4. The coordination geometry around the metal in neutral d(9) complex 3 is intermediate between the highly distorted square-planar geometry, found earlier in cationic d(8) species 1, and the almost regular tetrahedral arrangement of the two diphosphines in the anionic d(10) complex 4. Reduction of Ir(I) to Ir(0) and Ir(-I) causes a stepwise decrease of the Ir-P bond length of 0.04 Å (average) and 0.05 Å, respectively, with a concomitant increase of the bite angle of the diphosphine which ranges from 94.3 degrees (average) in [Ir(dppf)(2)](+) to 102.3 degrees in [Ir(dppf)(2)](-).
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica ed Analitica, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy, and Centro di Studio sulla Stabilità e Reattività dei Composti di Coordinazione, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Longato
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riello
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bandoli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pilloni