title: Intensity/frequency indicator for detection in space: the high values of the incident solar or laser optical radiation in comparison with the appropriate maximum permissible exposure.
abstract: The solar or laser optical radiation impact to humans in space depends on the intensity, on the exposure type (direct or indirect) & duration and on the matching of radiation wavelength to tissue characteristics. The main protection factor in space is the application of exposure limits. This paper describes the main biological optical interaction parameters, the optical exposure hazards and the development of a small active lightweight indicator, with output beeper rate depended to the ratio of optical irradiance/exposure limit. The indicator may be used as warning element on the side of helmets, goggles, spectacles, etc, with low power consumption. Electronically the indicator is an intensity/frequency converter, based on the value of the ratio of exposure/exposure limits, with audio & light beepers like the indication output of the ionizing (radioactive) radiation monitors.
authors.affiliation: TEI of Piraeus, Thivon 250 & P. Ralli, Aigaleo-12244, Greece. stsit@teipir.gr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsitomeneas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petropoulos
mesh_terms: D004581:Electronics; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*