Functional properties of the copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B (the Wilson's disease protein) expressed in insect cells.
Copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B is essential for normal distribution of copper in human cells. Mutations in the ATP7B gene lead to copper accumulation in a number of tissues and to a severe multisystem disorder, known as Wilson's disease. Primary sequence analysis suggests that the copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B or the Wilson's disease protein (WNDP) belongs to the large family of cation-transporting P-type ATPases, however, the detailed characterization of its enzymatic properties has been lacking. Here, we developed a baculovirus-mediated expression system for WNDP, which permits direct and quantitative analysis of catalytic properties of this protein. Using this system, we provide experimental evidence that WNDP has functional properties characteristic of a P-type ATPase. It forms a phosphorylated intermediate, which is sensitive to hydroxylamine, basic pH, and treatments with ATP or ADP. ATP stimulates phosphorylation with an apparent K(m) of 0.95 +/- 0.25 microm; ADP promotes dephosphorylation with an apparent K(m) of 3.2 +/- 0.7 microm. Replacement of Asp(1027) with Ala in a conserved sequence motif DKTG abolishes phosphorylation in agreement with the proposed role of this residue as an acceptor of phosphate during the catalytic cycle. Catalytic phosphorylation of WNDP is inhibited by the copper chelator bathocuproine; copper reactivates the bathocuproine-treated WNDP in a specific and cooperative fashion confirming that copper is required for formation of the acylphosphate intermediate. These studies establish the key catalytic properties of the ATP7B copper-transporting ATPase and provide a foundation for quantitative analysis of its function in normal and diseased cells.
Tsivkovskii
Ruslan
R
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
Eisses
John F
JF
Kaplan
Jack H
JH
Lutsenko
Svetlana
S
D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002460:Cell Line; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010720:Phosphines / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D002614:Chelating Agents; D003300:Copper; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D010720:Phosphines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C080938:tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine; C002478:bathocuproine; C000612464:ATP7B protein, human