title: Pressure-derived collateral flow index as a parameter of microvascular dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the implications of the pressure-derived collateral flow index (CFIp) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Higher CFIp is associated with less severe myocardial ischemia during angioplasty in the non-infarcted heart. It remains unknown whether CFIp also identifies collateral function in AMI patients with and without no-reflow phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 48 patients with a first AMI. After successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) stent, we measured mean aortic pressure (Pa), central venous pressure (Pv) and coronary wedge pressure (Pcw) of the infarct-related artery to calculate: CFIp = (Pcw - Pv)/(Pa - Pv). Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was performed with the intracoronary injection of microbubbles to assess myocardial perfusion. Left ventriculograms at days 1 and 28 were provided for the measurement of the regional wall motion (RWM, SD/chord).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in CFIp among subsets based on angiographic collateral grades (grade 0, 1, 2, 3; 0.28 +/- 0.07, 0.27 +/- 0.09, 0.27 +/- 0.08, 0.23 +/- 0.08, p = NS). The CFIp was significantly higher in patients with MCE no-reflow (n = 16) than in those with MCE reflow (n = 32) (0.34 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.06, p < 0.01). There was a significant inverse correlation between the extent of functional improvement (DeltaRWM[28 d-1 d]) and CFIp (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), implying that higher CFIp is associated with worse functional improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In AMI, CFIp is unlikely to reflect collateral function but seems to increase with the severity of microvascular dysfunction. Because higher CFIp was associated with poorer functional recovery, it provides a simple and useful estimate of clinical outcomes in AMI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwakura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002496:Central Venous Pressure; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents