title: Size-dependent effects of microspheres on vasoconstrictor-mediated change in oxygen uptake by perfused rat hindlimb.
abstract: There are two vascular flow routes in skeletal muscle that can be accessed by different vasoconstrictors acting at selective sites in the vascular tree. Thus, angiotensin II (AII) and serotonin (5-HT), which stimulate and inhibit metabolism, do so by directing flow to nutritive and nonnutritive routes, respectively. In the present study the association between vascular flow route recruitment and metabolism was assessed by embolism with microspheres of different sizes. Latex microspheres (MS) of four sizes, 5.4 (MS5), 11.8 (MS12), 23.4 (MS23), and 93.6 microm (MS94), were injected during AII- or 5-HT-mediated constriction or under basal conditions and the effects on hindlimb oxygen uptake (VO2), perfusion pressure, and venous flow rate were determined. MS5 or MS12 partially reversed 5-HT-mediated inhibition of VO2 by 39 and 55%, respectively (P < 0.05), fully reversed AII-mediated stimulation of VO2 (P < 0.05), stimulated basal VO2 (P < 0.05), and increased pressure while only marginally (<10%) decreasing venous flow. MS23 or MS94 dose-dependently increased pressure and inhibited VO2, during basal or 5HT- and AII-mediated constriction, while only marginally decreasing venous flow. In conclusion, microspheres of less than 12 microm when injected into the constant flow perfused rat hindlimb can alter metabolism by altering flow distribution between nutritive and nonnutritive routes. Larger MS (> or =24 microm) are nondiscriminating possibly because they exceed the size of vessels in which branch points to the two vascular routes are located. Overall the findings provide further evidence for two microvascular routes in muscle, one nutritive and the other nonnutritive.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rattigan
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004617:Embolism / Q000139:chemically induced; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007840:Latex; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008863:Microspheres; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010477:Perfusion; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007840:Latex; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012701:Serotonin; D010100:Oxygen