title: Efficacy of SDZ RAD compared with CsA monotherapyand combined Rad/FTY720 treatment in a murine cardiac allotransplantation model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The macrolide immunosuppressant RAD and the immunomodulator FTY720 have distinct mechanisms ofaction. We investigated the efficacy of RAD (everolimus, certican) alone or in combination with FTY720 on graft survival (GS)and histology in comparison with CsA, using mouse strains with strong MHC disparity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterotopic cardiac grafting was performed using the C57B1/6 to C3H strain combination. Osmotic mini-pumps filled with CsA or RAD were implanted subcutaneously. IFTY720 was administered as a single daily dose by gavage. Peripheral lymphocyte count (PLC) was determined at 1, 4 and 8 weeks or on the day of sacrifice. Body weight was recorded on the day of surgery and weekly. Grafts were histologically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In placebo-treated mice the allografts were rejected after 7 days. Monotherapy with 10 and 30 mg/kg/day CsA achieved 10 and 22.5 days median survival time (MST), while 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg/day RAD resulted in 10.5, 20, > 56 and > 56 days MST, respectively. FTY720 lowered the PLC significantly, while the lower CsA dose and RAD did not influence the PLC. Adding FTY720 to the 0.6 mg/kg/day dose of RAD extended GS modestly but reduced significantly the perivascular infiltration and endothelialitis in the grafts compared with RAD monotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Underthe conditions of the present experiment RAD was more potent than CsA in extending the GS. Combining FTY720 and RADwas well tolerated with respect to weight gain and lack of clinically detectable infections in the mice. The 2-drug regimens suppressed the inflammatory allo-response better than RAD monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nikolova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baumlin
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001167:Arteritis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D000068338:Everolimus; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000068338:Everolimus; D020123:Sirolimus