title: Partial tears of the distal biceps tendon: MR appearance and associated clinical findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance and associated clinical findings of partial distal biceps tendon tears.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty elbow MR images at 1.5 T, performed over a 7 year period, were reviewed for an appearance of partial tears in the distal biceps. These images were assessed by two musculoskeletal radiologists for the extent of: (a) abnormal signal intensity within the tendon, and the presence of (b) bicipitoradial bursitis, and (c) bony microavulsive injury of the radial tuberosity. Medical records for nine of the 20 cases were reviewed for the clinical findings of ecchymosis, trauma, sensation of a "pop", loss of function, and acuity of onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty partial distal biceps tendon tears were seen. All displayed an abnormally increased signal in the distal biceps tendon. Three of 20 (15%) showed a 25% to 50% tear, ten of 20 (50%) showed a 50% tear, and seven of 20 (35%) showed a 75% to 90% tear. Bicipitoradial bursitis was seen in 11 of 20 (55%) cases. Bony microavulsive injury of the radial tuberosity was observed in 10 of 20 (50%). Of the nine cases reviewed for associated clinical findings, surprisingly, only three (33%) experienced an acute traumatic episode with an abrupt onset of pain. An insidious onset was reported in four of nine (44%). Sensation of a "pop" was recorded in only two of nine (22%) cases. Ecchymosis and loss of function were not seen in any of the cases. Finally, surgical conformation was obtained for three cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial distal biceps tendon tears have a characteristic MR appearance, demonstrate little functional deficit, and may be attritional in their etiology due to the observation of a low number of patients reporting trauma or an acute onset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111th S. 11th Street, 3rd Floor, Gibbon Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weishaupt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D016684:Prone Position; D011859:Radiography; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000092464:Elbow Injuries