title: Protocol to prevent shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of a protocol designed to restrict passive movement of affected upper extremity on the incidence of shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before-and-after trial: follow-up duration of subject group and historical control group 231.6 and 257.2 days, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation medicine department in a hospital in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  81 stroke patients treated with the protocol from 1994 to 1996 who were followed for at least 4 months from the onset of stroke; controls: 71 stroke patients treated without the protocol from 1991 to 1994 who were followed for same length of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of a set protocol for controlled passive movement by trained therapists and restriction of passive movement by the patients for 4 months after stroke. The SHS criterion used to detect early signs of SHS has not yet been validated. Corticosteroids were given to all subjects diagnosed with SHS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swelling index, SHS diagnostic criteria applied in physical exam, Brunnstrom stage, and sensory disturbance evaluations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of SHS in the subject group was 18.5% (n = 15), whereas the incidence of SHS in the control group was 32.4% (n = 23). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (chi(2) = 3.885, p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protocol helped to prevent development of SHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University, Japan. noukenrk@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maltais
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome