title: The combination of stricture dilation, endoscopic needle aspiration, and biliary brushings significantly improves diagnostic yield from malignant bile duct strictures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brush cytology, routinely performed at ERCP to assess malignant-appearing biliary strictures, is limited by relatively low sensitivity and negative predictive value. This study assessed whether the combination of stricture dilation, endoscopic needle aspiration, and biliary brushing improves diagnostic yield.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective nonrandomized study, 46 consecutive patients were evaluated with malignant-appearing biliary strictures at ERCP. Twenty-four patients (Group A) underwent standard brush cytology alone and 22 patients (Group B) underwent stricture dilatation to 10F, endoscopic needle aspiration, and subsequent biliary brushing by using the Howell biliary system. The diagnostic yields for both techniques were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 46 patients, 34 had proven malignant strictures (14 Group A, 20 Group B). Compared with brushing alone, the combination of stricture dilatation, endoscopic needle aspiration, and subsequent biliary brushing significantly increased both the sensitivity (57% vs. 85%, p < 0.02) and specificity (80% vs. 100%, p < 0.02) of cytology with positive brushings in all patients with pancreatic or gallbladder carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of stricture dilation, endoscopic needle aspiration, and biliary brushing significantly improves diagnostic yield for malignant bile duct strictures and may particularly be of benefit for extrinsic strictures caused by pancreatic or gallbladder carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brandwein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chuttani
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Pleskow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity