title: Intermetatarsal spaces: analysis with MR bursography, anatomic correlation, and histopathology in cadavers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-depicted anatomy of the intermetatarsal spaces, with emphasis on the MR imaging appearance of the intermetatarsal bursae, and to correlate the MR findings with those seen in anatomic sections and at histopathologic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional radiography and pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted and fat-saturated T1-weighted spin-echo MR imaging were performed in 32 intermetatarsal spaces in eight human cadaveric feet. The cadaveric specimens were sectioned in planes corresponding to those at MR imaging for anatomic correlation. The intermetatarsal space anatomy was analyzed. Histopathologic examinations of the bursae were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intermetatarsal spaces were located in the forefoot between two metatarsal heads, below and above the deep transverse metatarsal ligament (DTML) that separated the spaces into two levels. The superior level contained the synovial bursa, the plantar and dorsal interosseous muscles and tendons, and the collateral ligament complexes of the metatarsophalangeal joints. The inferior level contained lumbrical muscles and neurovascular bundles. The bursae extended distally to the DTML in the second and third spaces close to the neurovascular bundles and did not extend beyond the DTML in the first and fourth spaces. In the first intermetatarsal space, the bursa had a specific appearance as it coursed along the adductor hallucis tendon as a tendon sheath. Histopathologic examination of the bursae revealed a single layer of attenuated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR bursography provided detailed information about the intermetatarsal anatomy, especially the intermetatarsal bursae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, Calif., USA. Nicolas.Theumann@chuv.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Theumann
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pfirrmann
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Mohana-Borges
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haghighi
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Trudell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002061:Bursa, Synovial / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013640:Tarsal Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology*