title: Low-dose erythromycin reduces delayed gastric emptying and improves gastric motility after Billroth I pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that early and low doses of erythromycin reduce the incidence of early delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and induce phase 3 of the migratory motor complex in the stomach after Billroth I pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Delayed gastric emptying is a leading cause of complications after PPPD, occurring in up to 50% of patients. High doses of erythromycin (200 mg) accelerate gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy and reduce the incidence of DGE, although they induce strong contractions that do not migrate to the duodenum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients were randomly assigned to either the erythromycin or control groups. The patients received erythromycin lactobionate (1 mg/kg) every 8 hours, or H2-receptor antagonists and gastrokinetic drugs from days 1 to 14 after surgery. On postoperative day 30, gastroduodenal motility was recorded in 14 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were comparable in the erythromycin and control groups. The erythromycin group had a shorter duration of nasogastric drainage, earlier resumption of eating, and a 75% reduction in the incidence of DGE. Erythromycin was an independent influence on nasogastric tube removal, and preservation of the right gastric vessels was a significant covariate. Low doses of erythromycin induced phase 3 of the migratory motor complex and phase 3-like activity, with the same characteristics as spontaneous phase 3, in 86% of patients: two had quiescent stomachs and the others had spontaneous phase 3 or phase 3-like activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low doses of erythromycin reduced the incidence of DGE by 75% and induced phase 3 of the migratory motor complex after Billroth I PPPD. Low doses of erythromycin are preferable to high doses in the unfed period after PPPD.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University Faculty of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. sohwada@med.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawate
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomizawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016065:Myoelectric Complex, Migrating / Q000187:drug effects; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D004917:Erythromycin