title: Rheumatologic manifestations of pediatric HIV infection.
abstract: In order to assess the frequency of rheumatologic manifestations at different stages of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 26 HIV-infected children at any stage of infection, seen at the Children's AIDS Clinic of "La Raza" National Medical Center from January 1997 to December 1998, were studied. Rheumatologic manifestations were assessed following the criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology. Blood samples were taken for measuring CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies, and rheumatoid factor (RF). The results were compared to those of 25 HIV-negative children of similar ages. Rheumatologic manifestations were identified in 5 (19.2%) of 26 children. Two of whom were twin sisters with biphasic Raynaud's syndrome, and one had necrosing vasculitis of a finger, as well as lip necrosis and livedo reticularis. These patients were positive for ANA and ACL. One case each of knee arthalgias, vasculitis, and septic arthritis of the ankle were also seen. All of the rheumatologic manifestations were in advanced stages of HIV disease. These rheumatologic changes are similar to those reported for HIV-positive adults, and should be considered as part of the HIV acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) clinical spectrum in the pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics and Gynecology Hospital 3-A of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rojano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juárez Hernández
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ladrón De Guevara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Carmen Gorbea-Robles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000151:congenital; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers