title: Pain after transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy: the advantages of periprostatic local anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of periprostatic local anaesthesia (LA) during prostatic biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), as 20-65% of men report moderate to severe pain, and there is anecdotal and published evidence that periprostatic anaesthesia improves patients' tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 157 patients were prospectively recruited and sequentially randomized to receive either LA or no anaesthesia. Sextant biopsies were taken in all men but some had more than six biopsies. All were asked to complete questionnaires immediately after TRUS-guided biopsy and for the subsequent week, giving pain scores and recording any morbidity, including symptoms of infection; analgesic use was also surveyed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients given LA had significantly lower pain scores at the time of biopsy than those given no anaesthesia, with median (sd) pain scores of 1.53 (0.7) and 1.95 (0.65) (P < 0.001), respectively. In addition, there was a trend towards less analgesic use by those given LA, although this was not statistically significant. There was no difference in the amount of haematuria, haematochezia or haematospermia, or infection rate, between the groups. The additional cost and time of the procedure was minimal ( pound3.00 and 3 min/per patient, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periprostatic LA infiltration is a quick and simple procedure which significantly improves immediate pain with no added morbidity; we strongly advocate its use to improve patient tolerance of TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St George's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee-Elliot
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dundas
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine