title: Prevalence and characteristics of Sjögren's syndrome or Sicca syndrome in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and clinical and laboratory characteristics of sicca syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five consecutive HCV infected patients referred for liver biopsy were enrolled in a prospective study. Subjective and objective criteria of xerophthalmia or xerostomia were systematically investigated and the patients classified according to 3 sets of criteria (European, Manthorpe, and Fox criteria) for the diagnosis of SS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sicca syndrome was present in 28 (62%) patients; all had oral dryness and 14 had both oral and ocular dryness. Twenty-four (53%) patients had SS by the European criteria, 25 (56%) by Manthorpe criteria, and 4 (8%) by Fox criteria. Salivary gland biopsy was positive for SS (grade III or IV by Chishom classification) in 21 samples (47%); 9 samples (21%) were classified grade 0, and 15 (32%) grade I or II. No patient had anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibodies. The presence of SS or sicca syndrome was associated with older age and liver disease activity according to the METAVIR scoring system, but not with the presence of other extrahepatic manifestations or with HCV genotype. A high METAVIR activity score was only statistically associated with primary SS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV infection appears to account for a subgroup of patients with sicca syndrome in which half the cases meet the definition for SS according to European and Manthorpe criteria. This subgroup is characterized by the constant finding of xerostomia, the absence of classical systemic manifestations observed in primary SS, and the absence of anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibodies. Such characteristics delineate a distinctive, virus associated entity that differs from primary SS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, France. loustaud-ratti@unilim.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loustaud-Ratti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riche
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liozon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Labrousse
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Babany
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delaire
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vidal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000473:pathology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*