title: Smokers who do not want to quit--is consonant smoking related to lifestyle and socioeconomic factors?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether consonant smokers (who say they would not like to quit) differ from dissonant smokers (who would like to quit) in other forms of health-related behaviour and socioeconomic background.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants included 2,709 male and 1,774 female smokers (aged 25-64 years old) from six annual population-based samples, examined between 1989 and 1994 via a mailed questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consonant male smokers were more likely to be heavy drinkers, use mostly butter on bread, and to not eat vegetables. Particularly in the middle educational and income groups, consonant male smokers were more likely to be heavy drinkers. Consonant female smokers were more often heavy drinkers and more sedentary than dissonant female smokers. If a male smoker belonged to the lower income group he was more likely to be a consonant smoker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consonant male smokers had more adverse health behaviours compared to dissonant smokers, but nearly half of them did not have any other adverse health behaviours. However, a negative attitude towards smoking cessation was associated with other adverse health behaviours. There were no socioeconomic differences in willingness to quit smoking among female smokers and those differences between male smoker groups were small. Factors other than motivation to quit should be targeted to diminish socioeconomic differences in smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. ari.haukkala@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haukkala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uutela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires