title: A flow-through amperometric sensor based on dialysis tubing and free enzyme reactors.
abstract: A generic flow-through amperometric microenzyme sensor is described, which is based on semi-permeable dialysis tubing carrying the sample to be analyzed. This tubing (300 microm OD) is led through a small cavity, containing the working and reference electrode. By filling this cavity with a few microl of an appropriate enzyme solution, an amperometric enzyme sensor results. As the dialysis tubing is impermeable for large molecular species such as enzymes, this approach does not require any immobilization chemistry, and as a consequence the enzyme is present in its natural free form. Based on this principle, amperometric sensors for lactate, glucose, and glutamate were formed by filling cavities, precision machined in Perspex, with buffered solutions containing respectively, lactate-, glucose-, and glutamate-oxidase. All sensors showed a large linear range (0-35 mM for glucose, 0-3 mM for lactate, and 0-5 mM for glutamate) covering the complete physiological range. The lower detection limit was in the order of 15-50 microM. Applicability in flow injection analysis systems is demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. s.bohm@el.utwente.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pijanowska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Olthuis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergveld
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D004798:Enzymes; D019344:Lactic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; C021497:lactate 2-monooxygenase; D005947:Glucose