title: Cardiovascular risk factors in normotensive and hypertensive Egyptians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their relation to the level of blood pressure, in Egyptians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected during the Egyptian National Hypertension project, a national hypertension survey in Egypt. During phase I of the survey, hypertensive (HT) patients were identified. In phase II, clinical and laboratory evaluations were made on HT and gender-matched normotensives (NT). A total of 2313 individuals were examined, 311 NT males, 443 NT females, 670 HT males and 889 HT females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of obesity was 33 and 47% in hypertensive men and women, respectively. After adjusting for age, HT men had significantly higher heart rate, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), post-prandial blood sugar (PBS), body mass index and waist/hip (W/H) ratio than their NT counterparts. In addition, HT women had higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The prevalence of elevated LDL-C and FBS increased with age. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, elevated FBS and obesity rose with increasing level of blood pressure (BP). From the 25-34 to the 55-64 age group, the percentage of hypertensives with > or = 2 risk factors rose from 42.9 to 60.6% in men, and from 9.4 to 46.2% in women. All risk factors were more prevalent in urban populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one of the few reports on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a developing country. Risk factors cluster with rising level of BP and with ageing. Obesity is very prevalent, particularly in hypertensive Egyptian women. Health efforts directed at the prevention and treatment of obesity should be a high priority.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Cairo University. ehs@link.com.eg
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helmy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mosley
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ashour
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Aroussy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roccella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whelton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population