title: AV nodal pathways in the R-R interval histogram of the 24-hour monitoring ECG in patients with atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with more than one AV nodal pathway show two and more peaks in the histogram of the R-R intervals of the Holter monitoring ECG during atrial fibrillation. It was the purpose of the present study to determine the number of patients showing more than one AV nodal pathway in a larger patient group with permanent atrial fibrillation by analyzing the Holter monitoring ECG.
  
  
  METHODS
  250 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation during Holter monitoring ECG were studied; 203 patients had structural heart disease. The number of peaks in the R-R interval histogram of each patient was determined. The distribution of the number of peaks in the R-R interval histogram in different patient groups was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  153 patients (61%) had one peak, 80 patients (32%) two peaks, 13 patients (5%) three peaks, and four patients (2%) four peaks, reflecting the number of different AV nodal pathways. In the different patient groups, in the patients with or without structural heart disease, with coronary heart disease, with a history of syncope, and in patients with a mean heart rate of more than 100/min, there was no significant difference in the distribution of the number of peaks in the R-R interval histogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In more than one third of all patients with permanent atrial fibrillation there are two, three, or four AV nodal pathways. It is suggested that this number of different AV nodal pathways found in the studied group can be applied to all humans. 38.8% of all patients with permanent atrial fibrillation have more than one AV nodal pathway; 6.4% of all patients with atrial fibrillation would benefit from an ablation of AV nodal pathways with shorter refractory periods for reduction of the heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Marienhospital, University of Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany. Peter.Weismueller@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weismüller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brandts
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kattenbeck
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Trappe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ranke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies