title: [Upper arm circumference reference values for children aged 1 to 36 months in Lome (Togo)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) is widely used as a nutritional status index for children. The aim of our study was to construct MUAC-for-age curves for well-fed 1-36-month-old children of a developing country and to compare them with the WHO reference charts based on samples of American children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five thousand thirty-eight boys and 4,972 girls aged 1-36 months were recruited cross-sectionally from 1994 to 1997. Their MUAC were measured as recommended by the WHO. To develop the curves, estimations were first obtained for the mean and standard deviation (SD) of MUAC for each month of age using a 7-month segmental regression equation; the Count model and 2nd degree polynomial in age were then used to describe the mean and SD respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These curves showed important differences for age and sex and were lower than the reference curves, particularly for the older children. The mean curve was -0.44 to -0.75 SD for boys and 0 to -0.8 SD for girls, far from the WHO's reference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors proposed to take into account the WHO's nutritional recommendations and developing country features in the construction of the reference charts.
authors.affiliation: Département de pédiatrie, centre hospitalier universitaire Tokoin, Lomé, Togo. docteur_theo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusiaku
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Atakouma
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gbadoe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agbobli-Apétsianyi
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Agbèrè
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tatagan-Agbi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Assimadi
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D002657:Child Development; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012016:Reference Values; D014037:Togo