School based driver education for the prevention of traffic crashes.
BACKGROUND
In the United Kingdom, drivers aged 17-21 years make up 7% of license holders but 13% of drivers involved in road traffic crashes resulting in injury. As in many countries, the UK government has proposed to tackle this problem with driver education programmes in schools and colleges. However, there is a concern that if driver education leads to earlier licensing this could increase the number of teenagers involved in road traffic crashes.


OBJECTIVE
To quantify the effect of school-based driver education on licensing and road traffic crashes.


METHODS
We searched the TRANSPORT Database, TRANSDOC and MEDLINE (1968-2000).


METHODS
Randomised controlled trials comparing school based driver education to no driver education and assessing the effect on licensing and road traffic crash involvement.


METHODS
Two reviewers independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed trial quality.


RESULTS
Three trials, conducted between 1982 and 1984, met the inclusion criteria (n=17,965). Two trials examined the effect of driver education on licensing. In the trial by Stock (USA) 87% of students in the driver education group obtained their driving license as compared to 84.3% in the control group (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05). In the trial by Wynne-Jones (New Zealand) the time from trial enrollment to licensing was 111 days in males receiving driver education compared with 300 days in males who did not receive driver education, and 105 days in females receiving driver education compared with 415 days in females who did not receive driver education. All three trials examined the effect of driver education on road traffic crashes. In the trial by Strang (Australia), 42% of students in each group had one or more crashes since being licensed (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.23). In the trial by Stock, the number of students involved in one or more crashes as a driver was 27.5% in the driver education group compared to 26.7% in the control group (Relative risk 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.09). In the trial by Wynne-Jones, the number of students who experienced crashes was 16% in the driver education group as compared to 14.5% in the control group. (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.59).


CONCLUSIONS
The results show that driver education leads to early licensing. They provide no evidence that driver education reduces road crash involvement, and suggest that it may lead to a modest but potentially important increase in the proportion of teenagers involved in traffic crashes.
Ian
R
R
Public Health Intervention Research Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 49-51 Bedford Square, London, UK, WC1B 3DP. Ian.roberts@lshtm.ac.uk
Irene
K
K
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure