title: [The bidirectional Glenn operation in 100 cases with complex congenital heat diseases: factors influencing surgical results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The bidirectional Glenn shunt is a well established surgical technique in children with complex congenital heart disease. The present study is a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing this operation in order to assess the influence of different variables in the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 1990 to June 2000, 100 patients received a bidirectional Glenn shunt. Two groups were defined, based on the outcome. Group A (n = 15, unsuccessfully result) including death and need to reoperate, and Group B (n = 85, patients with good outcome).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality was 8%. Eight patients were reoperated at follow-up. The survivors were followed for a mean of 3.5 years. Mean pulmonary artery pressure 7 mmHg was a factor associated with poor clinical progress. Other variables (age less than 1 year, excessive pulmonary blood flow, double Glenn operation, significant anatomic anomalies, and arrythmias), were also associated with outcome. Significant variations were observed in the time of by-pass or the need for aortic clamp in cases with simultaneous operative repair of pulmonary branch stenosis. Actuarial survival rate, most more than 1 year was 92%, and freedom from reoperation at 3 years was 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bidirectional Glenn shunt is an excellent palliation in patients with functionally single ventricle. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was the most important variable related with the outcome. We are encouraged to continue with tendency to perform bidirectional Glenn shunt preferably early, avoiding, whenever possible, previous palliative surgery.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. lferhandezp@hrc.insalud.es
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernández Pineda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villagrá
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ignacio Díez Balda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daghero
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herraiz Sarachaga
authors.forename: M Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery