title: Effect of adenosine receptor blockade on pial arteriolar dilation during sciatic nerve stimulation.
abstract: In the present study, we report the effects of adenosine receptor antagonists on pial vasodilatation during contralateral sciatic nerve stimulation (SNS). The pial circulation was observed through a closed cranial window in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. In artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), SNS resulted in a 30.5 +/- 13.2% increase in pial arteriolar diameter in the hindlimb somatosensory cortex. Systemic administration of the selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, 4-(2-[7-amino-2-[2-furyl][3,2,4]triazolol[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-yl-amino] ethyl)phenol (ZM-241385), significantly (P < 0.05, n = 6) attenuated the SNS-induced vasodilatation. Systemic administration of 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8SPT), a nonselective antagonist that is blood-brain barrier (BBB) impermeable, had no effect on vasodilatation to SNS. In contrast, systemic theophylline, which readily penetrates the BBB, nearly abolished the SNS-induced vasodilatation (P < 0.01; n = 7). Topical superfusion of 8SPT significantly (P < 0.01; n = 6) attenuated vasodilatation during SNS. Topical superfusion of 8- cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, significantly potentiated SNS-induced vasodilatation (P < 0.01; n > or = 5). Hypercarbic vasodilatation and somatosensory-evoked potentials were not affected by any of the compounds tested. Our findings suggest that luminal endothelial adenosine receptors are not involved in the arteriolar response to SNS, as demonstrated by a lack of effect with systemic 8SPT. Furthermore, the adenosine A2A receptor subtype appears to be involved in the dilator response to SNS. Finally, the neuromodulatory action of adenosine, via the A1 receptor subtype, significantly influences SNS-induced vasodilatation. Thus the present study provides further evidence for a role of adenosine in the regulation of CBF during somatosensory stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Meno
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Crum
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Winn
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply*; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014970:Xanthines; C097270:ZM 241385; C010192:9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine; C031433:8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; D013806:Theophylline; D000225:Adenine