title: Novel technique for scanning of codon 634 of the RET protooncogene with fluorescence resonance energy transfer and real-time PCR in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2) syndromes [MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC)] are caused by germline mutations of the RET protooncogene. Because 85% of MEN 2A patients and 30% of FMTC patients have mutations at codon 634, the recommended molecular analyses begin at exon 11, where codon 634 is located.
  
  
  METHODS
  We scanned codon 634 of the RET protooncogene with real-time PCR and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), using a unique pair of internal probes to detect mutations localized at codon 634. We compared results with sequencing results in 66 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method detected all codon 634 mutations available in our laboratory (Cys634Tyr, Cys634Arg, Cys634Phe, Cys634Trp). Comparing this method with the direct sequencing of exon 11 in a cohort of 66 patients with MTC, the system identified all 14 MTC patients carrying germline mutations at codon 634. One apparent false-positive result occurred among 52 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous scanning of multiple mutations is possible with the FRET system. The method allows rapid characterization of germline mutations at codon 634 in MTC patients.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Genética Médica y Diagnóstico Prenatal Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antiñolo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borrego
mesh_terms: D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C416649:Ret protein, Drosophila