title: Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia.
abstract: Disturbances in potassium homoeostasis presenting as low or high serum potassium are common, especially among hospitalised patients. Given the fact that untreated hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, it is critical to recognise and treat these disorders promptly. In this article, normal potassium homoeostasis is reviewed initially and then a pathophysiological approach to work-up and management of hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia is presented. Recent advances with respect to the role of kidney in handling of the potassium, the regulation of renal ion transporters in hypokalaemia, and treatment of hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastegar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastergar
mesh_terms: D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D011188:Potassium