title: Increased reperfusion by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist administration in case of unsuccessful and failed thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in case of unsuccessful and failed thrombolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four patients hospitalized within 4 hours of symptom onset were randomized (single blind) into two groups. Regardless of the group, placebo or GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were administered to patients who did not present with reperfusion signs (failed thrombolysis) 30 min after starting thrombolysis and 30-60 min after the end of full thrombolysis in patients with pain recurrence and ST-segment elevation (unsuccessful thrombolysis). Reperfusion was assessed by the creatine kinase peak occurring within 12 hours, by the observation of rapid ST-segment reduction (50-70% within 1 hour) in the 12-lead ECG continuous tracing, by the rapid regression of pain and by the development of early ventricular arrhythmias. Group 1 patients (n = 42) received, during failed thrombolysis or after 30-60 min of effective thrombolysis but with pain recurrence and ST-segment elevation (unsuccessful thrombolysis), treatment with i.v. GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, heparin according to the TIMI 14 trial, and aspirin. Group 2 patients (n = 42) received a full dose of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA 100 mg) and placebo either during failed thrombolysis or, after 30 min of effective thrombolysis but with pain recurrence and ST-segment elevation, and standard heparin treatment and aspirin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, 39 patients showed rapid reperfusion (4 +/- 3 min); 22 patients received rt-PA 65 mg and 20 patients received rt-PA 100 mg and subsequent GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor treatment. Coronary angiography, performed after 12-72 hours showed patency of the infarct-related artery in 39 patients whose clinical picture was suggestive of rapid reperfusion during administration of a bolus of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. In group 2, no patients showed reperfusion and they were submitted to rescue coronary angioplasty (p < 0.05). Side effects occurred in 3 cases in group 1 and in 2 cases in group 2. Patients receiving GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors showed a reduced incidence of stent treatment (p = NS) and a significant reduction in the occurrence of events (angina) within 30 days of treatment (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that in patients with AMI and failed thrombolysis, treatment with GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors is feasible. The increase in the risk of bleeding was acceptable. The most important result was that this combination is safe.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology Paolo Borsellino, G. F. Ingrassia Hospital, Palermo, Italy. lehdi@tin.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Pasquale
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sarullo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cannizzaro
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vitrano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giubilato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scalzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giambanco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paterna
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D000077466:Tirofiban; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D014443:Tyrosine; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D000077466:Tirofiban; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D000077284:Abciximab