title: Electronic detection of single-base mismatches in DNA with ferrocene-modified probes.
abstract: Genotyping and gene-expression monitoring is critical to the study of the association between genetics and drug response (pharmacogenomics) and the association of sequence variation with heritable phenotypes. Recently, we developed an entirely electronic method for the detection of DNA hybridization events by the site-specific incorporation of ferrocenyl derivatives into DNA oligonucleotides. To perform rapid and accurate point mutation detection employing this methodology, two types of metal-containing signaling probes with varying redox potentials are required. In this report we describe a new ferrocene-containing phosphoramidite 9 that provides a range of detectable redox potentials. Using automated DNA/RNA synthesis techniques the two ferrocenyl complexes were inserted at various positions along oligonucleotide probes. Thermal stability analysis of these metal-containing DNA oligonucleotides indicates that incorporation of 9 resulted in no destabilization of the duplex. A mixture of oligonucleotides containing compounds 9 and I was analyzed by alternating current voltammetry (ACV) monitored at the 1st harmonic. The data demonstrate that the two ferrocenyl oligonucleotide derivatives can be distinguished electrochemically. A CMS-DNA array was prepared on an array of gold electrodes on a printed circuit board substrate with a self-assembled mixed monolayer, coupled to an electronic detection system. Experiments for the detection of a single-base match utilizing two signaling probes were carried out. The results demonstrate that rapid and accurate detection of a single-base mismatch can be achieved by using these dual-signaling probes on CMS-DNA chips.
authors.affiliation: Motorola Clinical Micro Sensors, 757 South Raymond Avenue, Pasadena, California 91105, USA. yucjyu@aol.com
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yowanto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Meade
mesh_terms: D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D000075163:Metallocenes; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D000075163:Metallocenes; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C434331:phosphoramidite; D004247:DNA; C004998:ferrocene