title: Traditional healers in Zambia and their care for patients with urethral/vaginal discharge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and practices of traditional healers in relation to the management of patients with urethral/vaginal discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty (80) traditional healers, 54 from an urban and 26 from a rural setting in Zambia, who attend to patients with urethral/vaginal discharge, were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the traditional healers had knowledge of urethral/vaginal discharge being a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and that individuals get the infection through sexual relations with infected persons. The healers were all able to cite other symptoms associated with urethral/vaginal discharge. The treatment the healers used was mostly herbal preparations in the form of roots or powders administered orally to induce diarrhea, vomiting, and diuresis. Patients were not allowed to combine traditional and biomedical therapies. Almost half of the healers did apply some biomedical practices in the management of patients with urethral/vaginal discharge, such as history taking and examination of patients before diagnosis and prescription. The healers also advised patients to avoid sex while on treatment and to avoid reinfection by remaining with one partner and using condoms. Some healers advised their patients to bring their sexual partners for consultation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because traditional healers attend to patients with STDs, both in rural and urban areas, efforts should be made to promote cooperation between traditional and biomedical health care providers, so that treatment of patients and their partners could be improved. Traditional management that concurs with biomedical practices could thus be a starting point for discussion and cooperation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Post Basic Nursing, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ndulo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faxelid
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006303:Health Services, Indigenous / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012423:Rural Health; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015024:Zambia
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts