title: From open to laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a review of 16-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the experience with adrenal surgery which was associated with significant morbidity and notable mortality in the past, although laparoscopic approach is beginning to be accepted as the procedure of choice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The indications and results of adrenalectomy in 104 patients (36 men, 68 women) over the past 16 years were reviewed. Any potential improvement of surgical results over time was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three patients (89%) had functional problems while malignancy was present in 11 patients (11%). Anterior approach was employed in 27 patients, posterior in 56, lateral in 10, and laparoscopic in 11. One patient required conversion from laparoscopic to anterior approach. No operative mortality was seen, but the morbidity occurred in 16.7%. Complication rate decreased significantly in this study period (1981-1990 versus 1991-1996, 22% versus 5%; P = 0.02). Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was successfully performed for 59% of the patients requiring adrenalectomy recently, compared to 68% of posterior adrenalectomy in the past.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adrenal surgery is a safe procedure, associated with acceptable morbidity, which has decreased over time. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is becoming the preferred approach for the majority of patients requiring adrenalectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. cylo@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D000308:Adrenocortical Hyperfunction / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000601:surgery