title: Prevalence of cognitive impairment: data from the Indianapolis Study of Health and Aging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The epidemiology and natural history of cognitive impairment that is not dementia is important to the understanding of normal aging and dementia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and outcome of cognitive impairment that is not dementia in an elderly African American population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-phase, longitudinal study of aging and dementia. A total of 2212 community-dwelling African American residents of Indianapolis, IN, aged 65 and older were screened, and a subset (n = 351) received full clinical assessment and diagnosis. Subsets of the clinically assessed were seen again for clinical assessment and rediagnosis at 18 and 48 months. Weighted logistic regression was used to generate age-specific prevalence estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rate of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly was 23.4%. Age-specific rates indicate increasing prevalence with increasing age: 19.2% for ages 65 to 74 years, 27.6% for ages 75 to 84 years, and 38.0% for ages 85+ years. The most frequent cause of cognitive impairment was medically unexplained memory loss with a community prevalence of 12.5%, followed by medical illness-associated cognitive impairment (4.0% prevalence), stroke (3.6% prevalence), and alcohol abuse (1.5% prevalence). At 18-month follow-up, 26% (17/66) of the subjects had become demented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive impairment short of dementia affects nearly one in four community-dwelling elders and is a major risk factor for later development of dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5266, USA. funverza@iupui.edu
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Unverzagt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baiyewu
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ogunniyi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Emsley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dickens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Musick
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hendrie
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D044383:Black People; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D001741:Black or African American