title: Differences in substantia nigra echogenicity of nosological subtypes within the schizophrenic spectrum. A preliminary transcranial ultrasound study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Schizophrenic patients treated with neuroleptic drugs often develop neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (NIP). Here, transcranial sonography (TCS) was used to test for differences in the susceptibility to NIP related to the echogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) in different schizophrenic subforms.
  
  
  METHODS
  79 patients with schizophrenic spectrum psychoses treated by neuroleptic drugs and diagnosed according to ICD-10 and Leonhard's nosology were examined independently by TCS and, clinically, for NIP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with larger echogenic SN had more severe NIP (p < 0.05). Diagnostic categories according to ICD-10 did not differ significantly in SN echogenicity (p > 0.2), whereas Leonhard's did (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest altered SN echogenicity in subtypes of the schizophrenic spectrum. The putative role of the nigrostriatal system in the etiology of schizophrenic subtypes is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany. burkhard.jabs@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Merschdorf
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfuhlmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004453:Echoencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents