title: Elevated interleukin-1beta in pericardial fluid of patients with ischemic heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and heart failure. We have previously demonstrated that long-term treatment with interleukin (IL)-1beta in the coronary artery and myocardium promotes coronary arteriosclerosis and impairs cardiac function, respectively. The cytokines in pericardial fluid may reflect the extent of coronary atherosclerosis and may also directly promote the atherosclerotic process. This study was designed to examine the significance of cytokine concentrations in pericardial fluid of patients with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured concentrations of 10 major cytokines in the pericardial fluid of 56 consecutive patients obtained during open heart surgery, 27 with ischemic heart disease (IHD group), 21 with valvular heart disease (VHD group) and eight with congenital heart disease (CHD group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pericardial concentrations of IL-1beta (pg/ml) were significantly higher in the IHD group (60 +/- 15) than in the VHD (29 +/- 5) or the CHD group (26 +/- 4) (P < 0.05 both). There was no significant difference in pericardial concentrations of other cytokines among the three groups. In the IHD group, the IL-1beta concentrations were significantly elevated in patients who had undergone emergency operations or in those with unstable angina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that pericardial concentrations of IL-1beta may reflect the extent of ischemic heart disease and that elevated IL-1beta concentrations in pericardial fluid may also directly promote the process of coronary atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeshita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1