title: Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in adult recipients receiving living-donor liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in adult recipients receiving living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients were given tacrolimus as 18- to 60-h intravenous infusions after surgery, followed by a 4-week course of oral dose therapy (at 0900 hours and 2100 hours). Blood samples were collected daily in the morning (0800 hours) beginning the day after surgery. Whole blood concentration data were evaluated by nonlinear mixed-effect modeling using the program NONMEM and were characterized using a one-compartment model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clearance (CL, l h(-1)) was related to the grafted hepatic weight, postoperative days (POD), and hepatic and renal dysfunction. Interindividual variabilities in CL, volume of distribution (V), and bioavailability (F) were 57.4%. 39.7%, and 63.0%, respectively, and the correlation between individual CL and F was 0.776. Residual intraindividual variability was 2.9 ng ml(-1). Based on the estimated final parameters, a typical recipient of LDLT with grafted hepatic weight of 600 g and normal hepatic and renal function would have a CL of 0.737 l h(-1) on POD 0 and 1.14 l h(-1) on POD 30, V of 1.52 l kg(-1) and F of 6.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was useful for analysis of pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus in LDLT patients. Immediately after surgery, patients receiving LDLT showed a smaller CL value than other transplant patients, and CL value increased with POD within 30 days after surgery. The estimated population pharmacokinetic parameters can be applied for a priori dosage calculations in adult patients with LDLT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uemoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007564:Japan; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus