title: Ethnic and gender differences in cough reflex sensitivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although recent studies have suggested that the cough reflex is more sensitive in women than in men, ethnic differences in cough reflex sensitivity have not previously been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate ethnic and gender differences in cough reflex sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed capsaicin cough challenge testing in 182 healthy volunteers of three distinct ethnic groups: Caucasian (white, non-Hispanic, of European origin), Indian (originating from the Indian subcontinent) and Chinese. The concentration of capsaicin inducing 2 or more (C2) and 5 or more coughs (C5) was determined in each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/-SEM) values for log C5 demonstrated that, within each ethnic group, the cough reflex was more sensitive in women: p = 0.00002 for Caucasian subjects; p = 0.003 for Indian volunteers; and p = 0.002 for Chinese subjects. Examination of C2 data yielded similar results. When subjects were evaluated by gender, multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated no ethnic differences in sensitivity to capsaicin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not support the presence of significant ethnic differences in cough reflex sensitivity, but do confirm previous data demonstrating lower cough thresholds in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. pdicpinigaitis@pol.net
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Dicpinigaitis
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Allusson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldanti
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nalamati
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000208:ethnology*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D012016:Reference Values; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002211:Capsaicin