title: Vietnamese diabetic patients and their physicians: what ethnography can teach us.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the cultural context of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Vietnamese immigrants in the United States, including people's ideas about cause and proper treatment; and to suggest ways in which better control of the disease can be achieved in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method was ethnographic. A native speaker used a structured interview guide to talk with 38 Vietnamese patients, and family members of 2 other patients, being treated for type 2 diabetes. In addition, 8 Vietnamese health providers--5 physicians, 2 nurses, and an herbalist--were interviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A low-income area of southern California populated by a large number of Vietnamese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients being treated for type 2 diabetes and 8 health practitioners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three quarters of the patients had not achieved good control of their diabetes. Ideas about the cause and proper treatment of the disease were culturally shaped. Many patients used eastern (herbal) medicine and described a strong aversion to insulin injections. Patients stopped taking their oral medications when using eastern medicine, and a quarter lowered their dose whenever they felt "out of balance." Almost two thirds had used traditional home remedies for diabetes. Two had received nonstandard medical care from neighborhood physicians trained in Viet Nam; 1 of these patients died during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Vietnamese community and physicians serving that community need culturally appropriate education about type 2 diabetes and modern therapy for the disease.
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. jcmull@apc.net
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Mull
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mull
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology