title: A study of anthropometric measures before and after external septoplasty in children: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that surgery on the growing nasal septum does not adversely affect nasal and midfacial dimensions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children treated consecutively during a 4-year period; all had significant nasal obstruction and cosmetic disfigurement secondary to skeletal septal deformities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal septal surgery (using an external approach), in which the quadrilateral cartilage was removed, remodeled, and reinserted as a free graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric linear measurements and indexes of the face and nose preoperatively and postoperatively; nasal dorsum length, nasal height, nasal dorsum index, nasal tip protrusion, columellar length, facial height, face width, upper face height, facial index, nose-upper face height index, and columellar length-nasal tip protrusion index. Continuous measurements were transformed into ordered categories with reference to normative data. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test (alpha level of.05) and by applying the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six children were studied (12 females and 14 males); age at surgery ranged from 4.5 to 15.5 years (mean age, 9.5 years); average age at postoperative measurement, 12.5 years; mean follow-up, 3.1 years. Only nasal dorsum length (P =.007) and nasal tip protrusion (P =.04) were decreased by a statistically significant level before the Bonferroni adjustment. The change was not considered clinically significant. Thus, relative to age-appropriate norms, the dimensions of the nose and midface and their proportionality did not change after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appropriate nasal septal surgery involving excision and subsequent reinsertion of a remodeled segment of the quadrilateral cartilage has no deleterious effects on development of the nose and midface. We question the absolute dogma that nasal surgery in children must always be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. helhakim@aol.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Hakim
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Crysdale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollel
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Farkas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome