title: A 74-bp promoter of the Tnp2 gene confers testis- and spermatid-specific expression in transgenic mice.
abstract: During the final stages of spermatogenesis, round spermatids undergo several morphological, biochemical, and physiological modifications which result in the formation of mature spermatozoa. One of these is the nuclear condensation, achieved by the replacement of somatic-type and testis-specific histones by transition proteins and protamines leading to cessation of transcription several days before the completion of spermiogenesis. Therefore, a strict temporal and stage-specific gene expression is necessary for the correct differentiation of round spermatids into mature spermatozoa. In this study, the 5' regulatory region of rat Tnp2 gene was investigated by primer extension analysis and transgenic mice study. Primer extension analysis revealed a transcription start site which lies 70 bp upstream of the translation start codon. By transgenic mice studies, we demonstrated that a 147-bp 5' untranslated region corresponding to the region -74 to +73 is sufficient to confer testis- and spermatid-specific expression of rat Tnp2 gene.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nayernia
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006720:Homozygote; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013087:Spermatids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C489505:Tnp2 protein, mouse; C489504:Tnp2 protein, rat; D012313:RNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase