title: Systemic steroid pretreatment improves cerebral protection after circulatory arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluates whether systemic steroid pretreatment enhances neuroprotection during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) compared with steroid in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) prime.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-week-old piglets randomly placed into two groups (n = 5 per group) were given methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) into the pump prime (group PP), or pretreated intravenously 4 hours before CPB (group PT). All animals underwent 100 minutes of DHCA (15 degrees C), were weaned off CPB, and were sacrificed 6 hours later. Postoperative changes in body weight, bioimpedance, and colloid oncotic pressure (COP) were measured. Cerebral trypan blue content, immunohistochemical evaluation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression, and caspase-3 activity were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentage weight gain (group PP 25.0% +/- 10.4% versus group PT 12.5% +/- 4.0%; p = 0.036), and percentage decrease in bioimpedance (PP 37.2% +/- 14.5% versus PT 15.6% +/- 7.9%; p = 0.019) were significantly lower, whereas postoperative COP was significantly higher in group PT versus group PP (PT 15.3 +/- 1.8 mm Hg versus PP 11.6 +/- 0.8 mm Hg; p = 0.003). Cerebral trypan blue (ng/g dry tissue) was significantly lower in group PT (PT 5.6 x 10(-3) +/- 1.1 x 10(-3) versus PP 9.1 x 10(-3) +/- 5.7 x 10(-4); p = 0.001). Increased TGF-beta1 expression and decreased caspase-3 activity were shown in group PT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic steroid pretreatment significantly reduced total body edema and cerebral vascular leak and was associated with better immunohistochemical indices of neuroprotection after DHCA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada. dominique.shum-tim@muhc.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shum-Tim
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Tchervenkov
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nimeh
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chedrawy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laliberte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavoie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008776:Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D008776:Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate