title: Onchocerciasis control in Nigeria: will households be able to afford community-directed treatment with ivermectin?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of affordability of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) to households living in two onchocerciasis endemic Nigerian communities namely Toro in the north and Nike in the south.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of the cost of treating people with ivermectin will deplete in average monthly/projected annual household expenditure on food and health care, and on average monthly and projected annual household income were respectively calculated and used to determine the level of affordability of CDTI. Questionnaires administered to heads of households or their representatives were used to collect information on the household expenditures and income. The suggested unit CDTI cost of $0.20 was used. However, as a test of sensitivity, we also used the unit cost of $0.056 which some community based distributors are charging per treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using $0.20 as the unit treatment cost, this will consume less than 0.05% of average annual household income in both communities. It will equally deplete 0.05% of combined annual household expenditures on food and health care in both communities. However, using $0.056 as the unit treatment cost, then 0.02% of average annual household expenditure on health care, 0.01% average annual expenditure on combined health care and food, and 0.01% of average annual household income will be depleted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The households living in both communities may be able to afford CDTI schemes. However, the final decision on levels of affordability lies with the households. They will decide whether they can afford to trade-off some household income for ivermectin distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Health Policy Research Unit, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 01129, Enugu, Nigeria. obinna.onwujekwe@ishtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onwujekwe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onwuameze
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ndum
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okonkwo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000379:methods; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005369:Filaricides / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D009855:Onchocerciasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005369:Filaricides; D007559:Ivermectin