title: Prognostic significance of bi/oligoclonality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia as determined by polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The CDR-3 region of heavy-chain immunoglobulin has been used as a clonal marker in the study of minimal residual disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction studies have demonstrated the occurrence of bi/oligoclonality in a variable number of cases of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a fact that may strongly interfere with the detection of minimal residual disease. Oligoclonality has also been associated with a poorer prognosis and a higher chance of relapse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To correlate bi/oligoclonality, detected by polymerase chain reaction in Brazilian children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a chance of relapse, with immunophenotype, risk group, and disease-free survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of patients  outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric Oncology Unit of the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo.
  
  
  METHODS
  47 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers for the CDR-3 region of heavy chain immunoglobulin (FR3A, LJH and VLJH) for the detection of clonality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bi/oligoclonality was detected in 15 patients (31.9%). There was no significant difference between the groups with monoclonality and biclonality in terms of the occurrence of a relapse (28.1% versus 26.1%), presence of CALLA+ (81.2% versus 80%) or risk group (62.5% versus 60%). Disease-free survival was similar in both groups, with no significant difference (p: 0.7695).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that bi/oligoclonality was not associated with the factors investigated in the present study and that its detection in 31.9% of the patients may be important for the study and monitoring of minimal residual disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Infant Assessment, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. scrideli@rpp.fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Scrideli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Defavery
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Tone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000032:analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015452:Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D015260:Neprilysin