title: Enhancement of the sulfur capture capacity of limestones by the addition of Na2CO3 and NaCl.
abstract: The ability of Na2CO3 and NaCl to enhance the sulfur capture capacity of three limestones was evaluated via fixed-bed calcination and sulfation experiments. The tested limestones represent three different sulfation morphologies: unreacted-core, network, and uniformly sulfated. Treatment with aqueous or powdered Na2CO3 significantly increased the Ca-utilization for two stones which normally sulfate in an unreacted-core pattern (20% to 45%) and network pattern (33% to 49%). The increase was lower for the uniformly sulfated stone (44% to 48%). Na2CO3 treatment increased the number of macropores leading to uniform sulfation of all particles, nearly eliminating the normal strong dependence of utilization on limestone type and particle size. The effect of Na2CO3 is believed to be associated with formation of a eutectic melt which enhances ionic diffusion and accelerates molecular rearrangement of the CaO. Treatment with aqueous NaCl solution caused a decrease in utilization, probably due to formation of large grains and plugging of pores caused by formation of a large amount of eutectic melt. The effect of Na2CO3 is less sensitive than that of NaCl to the amount added and the combustion environment (temperature and gas composition). In addition, Na2CO3 neither promotes corrosion nor forms chlorinated byproducts, which are main concerns associated with NaCl. Thus, Na2CO3 appears to have significant advantages over NaCl for enhancement of limestone sulfur capture capacity in fluidized-bed combustors.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technology Institute, Innovation Centre (NTU), Singapore. klaursen@eti.org.sg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002254:Carbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010316:Particle Size; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002254:Carbonates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C005686:sodium carbonate; D013455:Sulfur; D002119:Calcium Carbonate