title: Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in depressed subjects resolves with antidepressant treatment: an fMRI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The amygdala has a central role in processing emotions, particularly fear. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) amygdala activation has been demonstrated outside of conscious awareness using masked emotional faces.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied the masked faces paradigm to patients with major depression (n = 11) and matched control subjects (n = 11) during fMRI to compare amygdala activation in response to masked emotional faces before and after antidepressant treatment. Data were analyzed using left and right amygdala a priori regions of interest, in an analysis of variance block analysis and random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressed patients had exaggerated left amygdala activation to all faces, greater for fearful faces. Right amygdala did not differ from control subjects. Following treatment, patients had bilateral reduced amygdala activation to masked fearful faces and bilateral reduced amygdala activation to all faces. Control subjects had no differences between the two scanning sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressed patients have left amygdala hyperarousal, even when processing stimuli outside conscious awareness. Increased amygdala activation normalizes with antidepressant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Sheline
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barch
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ollinger
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mintun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D020280:Sertraline