title: Early changes in the endothelium of alveolar bone microvasculature with continuous tooth loading: ET-1 and alpha-SMA immunolabelling.
abstract: A continuous load of 100 g (approximately 1 N) was applied externally to the mandible of rats for three hours and transferred to the alveolar bone via a molar interocclusal rubber pad. The animals were perfusion fixed and undecalcified sagittal molar slices approximately 150 microns thick were immunolabelled with endothelin-1 (ET-1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) antibodies conjugated with CY5 and CY3 fluorophores, respectively. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to capture the images as digital files in stacked layers for 3-D reconstructions. Blood vessel endothelium ET-1 immunolabelling occurred at disparate sites in the microvascular bed of normal and loaded alveolar bone. Three principal patterns of immunolabelling occurred: vessels labelled with either ET-1 or alpha-SMA, and vessels labelled with both antibodies. Short-term continuous loading produced upregulation of ET-1 immunofluorescence in the blood vessel endothelium, the surface cells of Haversian canals and bone marrow spaces. Pericytes were numerous along arterioles and postcapillary-sized venules.
authors.affiliation: University of Adelaide.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sims
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001160:Arterioles / Q000473:pathology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D002232:Carbocyanines; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006253:Haversian System / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008963:Molar; D020286:Pericytes / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014070:Tooth / Q000502:physiology*; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000906:Antibodies; D002232:Carbocyanines; D019332:Endothelin-1; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C089187:cyanine dye 3; C085321:cyanine dye 5