title: The use of left heart bypass in adult and recurrent coarctation repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paraplegia following coarctation repair occurs in 0.4% of infants. However, for older children, adults and re-operations, the incidence can be as high as 2.6%. Yet there is no consensus on the need for spinal cord protection or the optimal method. This paper reports our experience with left heart bypass (LHB) in adult and re-do coarctation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2000, nine patients underwent elective resection of coarctation (three re-dos, two balloons) with a mean age of 17.9 years (range, 8-44) and weight of 52 kg (range, 17.3-109). The mean trans-coarctation gradient was 29.6 mmHg (range, 20-45). Patients were placed on LHB using a centrifugal pump with full heparinization through a fourth-space thoracotomy. Patients were cooled to 31-34 degrees C for additional spinal cord protection. Repair was carried out with an inter-positional graft (5/9), a Gore-Tex patch (2/9) or end-to-end anastomosis (2/9). The mean cross-clamp and bypass times were 36.4 (range, 19-65) and 40.3 min (range, 22-70), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient developed transient or permanent paraplegia. The mean peak creatinine was 80 micromol/l (range, 51-123).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LHB is simple, easy and safe to implement, and is the only technique capable of maintaining independent upper and lower body perfusion pressure. Potentially, it provides the best spinal cord protection, and extends the margin of safety and time to execute an accurate repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK. wongch@postmaster.co.uk
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D018611:Heart Bypass, Left; D006801:Humans; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012086:Reoperation