title: Soluble osteopontin and vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular calcification often occurs in patients with uremia. As osteopontin (OPN) is not only involved in the physiological but also the pathological calcification of tissues, OPN may be associated with the pathogenesis of aortic calcification in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of OPN in atherosclerotic aortas of HD patients. In addition, we performed a prospective longitudinal study by using CT scans to detect aortic calcifications and by measuring the plasma OPN concentration by ELISA in HD patients (20 men, 16 women; mean age 55.2 +/- 21.3 years) and in healthy volunteers (18 men, 17 women; mean age 54.0 +/- 13.2 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By immunohistochemical staining, OPN was abundantly localized in atherosclerotic plaques of HD patients. The macrophages surrounding the atheromatous plaques were identified as the OPN-expressing cells. We furthermore found that the concentration of soluble plasma OPN was significantly higher in HD patients as compared with the concentrations in age-matched healthy volunteers (837.3 +/- 443.2 vs. 315.1 +/- 117.4 ng/ml, p < 0.01). The OPN concentration was positively correlated with the aortic calcification index in HD patients (r = 0.749, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that OPN, secreted by macrophages, plays a role in the calcification of atheromatous plaques in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. nitta@kc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kabaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nihei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053495:Osteopontin; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D012995:Solubility; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014511:Uremia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D053495:Osteopontin