title: Correlation between pupillary size and intraocular lens decentration and visual acuity of a zonal-progressive multifocal lens and a monofocal lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To see whether there is a correlation between pupillary area or intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt and the visual acuity (VA) at all distances for eyes with a zonal-progressive multifocal IOL or a monofocal IOL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative, nonrandomized, interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five eyes of 55 patients undergoing five-zone refractive multifocal IOL implantation and 55 eyes of 55 age-matched patients undergoing monofocal IOL implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All eyes underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The VAs from far to near distances were examined using an all-distance vision tester at 1 month after surgery. The pupillary area was also measured using an infrared pupillometer, and the degrees of IOL decentration and tilt were measured using a Scheimpflug videophotography system. Univariate associations between VA and the pupillary area and IOL decentration or tilt were evaluated statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean intermediate VAs and contrast sensitivities at all spatial frequencies in the multifocal IOL group were worse than those in the monofocal IOL group, whereas near VA was better in the multifocal group. In the multifocal group, smaller pupillary area was associated significantly with worse near logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) VA (r = 0.636), but not with far or intermediate VAs. When pupil diameter was 4.5 mm or greater, near mean VA reached 20/63. A greater degree of IOL decentration was associated significantly with worse far and intermediate LogMAR VAs (r = 0.460 at 5.0 m and 0.527 at 1.0 m) but not with near VA. When decentration was 0.9 mm or greater, distance mean VA did not reach 20/32. However, the correlation between tilt and VA was not statistically significant. In the monofocal group, no significant correlation was found between pupillary area, IOL decentration, or tilt and the VA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smaller pupil size is correlated significantly with worse near VA, whereas greater decentration is correlated with worse distance and intermediate VA in eyes with refractive multifocal IOLs. Specifically, a pupil diameter of less than 4.5 mm cannot provide useful near VA, and decentration of 0.9 mm is the maximum allowable limit for adequate distance VA. However, pupil size and IOL decentration do not influence VA in eyes with monofocal IOLs.
authors.affiliation: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*