title: Evaluation of a tetracycline-inducible promoter in Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo and its application in demonstrating the role of sigB in microcolony formation.
abstract: An inducible promoter system provides a powerful tool for studying the genetic basis for virulence. A variety of inducible systems have been used in other organisms, including pXyl-xylR-inducible promoter, the pSpac-lacI system, and the arabinose-inducible P(BAD) promoter, but each of these systems has limitations in its application to Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of a tetracycline-inducible promoter system in inducing gene expression in S. aureus in vitro and inside epithelial cells as well as in an animal model of infection. Using the xyl/tetO promoter::gfp(uvr) fusion carried on a shuttle plasmid, we demonstrated that dose-dependent tetracycline induction, as measured by bacterial fluorescence, occurred in each of the above environments while basal activation under noninduced conditions remained low. To ascertain how the system can be used to elucidate the genetic basis of a pathogenic phenotype, we cloned the sigB gene downstream of the inducible promoter. Induction of SigB expression led to dose-dependent attachment of the tested strain to polystyrene microtiter wells. Additionally, bacterial microcolony formation, an event preceding mature biofilm formation, also increased with tetracycline induction of SigB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Donegan
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jarry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D051379:Mice; D009876:Operon; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C079011:SigB protein, Bacteria; D012808:Sigma Factor; C083139:Tet O resistance protein, Bacteria; D014994:Xylose; D013752:Tetracycline