title: The use of vesicostomy as permanent urinary diversion in the child with myelomeningocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of the child with myelomeningocele presents the urologist with many challenges. While vesicostomies are usually used for temporary bladder drainage until continent reconstruction is performed, we have a population of postpubertal patients with myelomeningocele in whom vesicostomies have been preserved. We review our experience with these older children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of our database of 350 patients with myelodysplasia identified 23 with urinary diversion accomplished by permanent vesicostomy. Those who had undergone vesicostomy after age 11 years were designated as group 1. Those who received a vesicostomy early in life that was maintained post puberty were designated as group 2. Indications for vesicostomy, upper tract status before and after vesicostomy, recurrent infections and complications were noted. Upper tract status was determined by serial ultrasounds during routine followup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 was comprised of 5 patients with mean age at vesicostomy of 17 years and a mean followup interval of 5.2 years. Group 2 was comprised of 18 patients with mean age of vesicostomy at 2.6 years and mean followup interval of 13 years. Hydronephrosis resolved in all children from both groups. Vesicostomy revision was required in 1 patient secondary to prolapse. Other complications included mild prolapse that did not require revision, stenosis requiring revision 5 months after the initial procedure and an early bilateral ureterovesical obstruction that resolved. Of the patients 33% had recurrent upper tract calculi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the goal of achieving urinary continence is well worth striving for in the child with myelomeningocele, it is not realistic for all patients. We believe that permanent cutaneous vesicostomy is an acceptable alternative that the reconstructive surgeon should consider. This reliable and simple technique ensures safe decompression of the upper urinary tracts, while avoiding the complications of urinary diversion using segments of bowel.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hutcheson
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Canning
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zderic
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003559:Cystostomy; D006801:Humans; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*