title: Detailed ultrasonographic mapping of the pelvis in clinically normal horses and ponies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To map the equine pelvis using ultrasonography, validated by use of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and measurements of frozen cadaver slices.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 ponies and 6 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasonographic examination of the pelvis was performed on 6 clinically normal ponies. Measurements were obtained for imaged structures. Computed tomography, MRI, and measurements of frozen sections were performed after death and used to verify measurements. Linear regression determined the degree of correlation between measurements obtained ultrasonographically and the other modalities. Six clinically normal horses were then examined by use of ultrasonography. For each structure measured mean, SD, and range were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data obtained from ponies revealed high correlations between ultrasonographic findings and those of CT, MRI, and frozen section measurements (r2 = 0.97, r2 = 0.99, and r2 = 0.99, respectively). Differences between structures measured on each side of the pelvis were not significant. Variation in size of structures was not associated with weight of horses. A correlation was not found between weight of horses and ponies and size of structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography can be used to accurately measure and evaluate the musculoskeletal structures of the pelvis of horses. The use of CT, MRI, and measurements of frozen sections provided a means of validating the ultrasonographic measurements. Reference range values determined in our study can be used to evaluate horses with suspected pelvic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Feeney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography