title: Fetal and maternal white cells and B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations in pregnant women with recent infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study maternal and fetal white cell counts, B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations in pregnant women with evidence of recent infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven pregnant women with recent infection and 38 controls were studied. All were referred for fetal blood sampling to exclude congenital infection, or to perform fetal chromosome analysis. There were 16 infected fetuses: 9 cytomegalovirus (CMV), 4 rubella, and 3 toxoplasmosis. Maternal and fetal blood was taken and white cell counts, the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, HLADR+CD3+ T-lymphocyte subpopulations and CD19+ B lymphocytes were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of CD3+, CD8+, and HLADR+CD3+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in infected mothers compared to controls, while CD19+ and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were lower. Infected mothers carrying infected fetuses had significantly lower white blood cell counts compared to those infected mothers without fetal infection. The percentage of HLADR+CD3+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio lower in infected fetuses compared to controls and noninfected fetuses of infected mothers. Abnormal CD4+/CD8+ ratios and/or increased HLADR+CT3+ T lymphocytes were found in 8 of 10 fetuses with structural abnormalities and/or hematological/biochemical signs of systemic damage, and in 7 of 27 without (RR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.5-6.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both infected fetuses and their mothers have significant identifiable changes in white cell counts and T-lymphocyte subpopulations compared to controls. These tests may help in diagnosing maternal and fetal infection.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poblete
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trespidi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guarneri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonati
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nicolini
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000097:blood; D005865:Gestational Age; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000097:blood*; D012409:Rubella / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens