title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in meningiomas associated with different degrees of brain invasiveness and edema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meningiomas display clinical characteristics that vary from very benign to clearly malignant with rapid invasive growth and metastasis. Benign meningiomas differ in their invasiveness and concomitant edema. This study was undertaken to analyze the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) in meningiomas associated with different degrees of brain invasion and edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples from 16 meningiomas were selected according to tumor invasiveness from a consecutive series of patients. Samples were analyzed for expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 by using in situ hybridization. The meningiomas consisted of three types: Group I, benign meningiomas that did not interfere with the arachnoid plane and exhibited no edema; Group II, benign meningiomas that invaded the arachnoid plane and caused edema; and Group III, aggressive and malignant meningiomas that caused edema and displayed brain invasion. In all 16 tumors analyzed, MMP-2 mRNA was identified. Levels of expression of MMP-2 mRNA were similar in all samples, and no correlation with increasing tumor invasiveness or associated edema could be detected. Expression of MMP-9 mRNA was identified in 14 of the 16 tumors, and a clear correlation with increasing tumor invasion into the brain was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meningiomas express both MMP-2 and MMP-9. Tumor invasiveness, which ranged from minor with respect to the arachnoid membrane and progressed to frank brain invasion, correlated with the extent of MMP-9 expression. The findings indicate that MMP-9 expression and brain invasion are relevant mechanisms that must be interfered with in the treatment of aggressive and malignant meningiomas. No such correlation with MMP-2 was found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nordqvist
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smurawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008579:Meningioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9