title: Evaluation of canine congenital heart disease using an echocardiographic algorithm.
abstract: Evaluation of canine congenital heart disease presents a diagnostic challenge to many ultrasonographers. To assist clinicians attempting to examine these patients, an echocardiographic algorithm containing the six most common canine congenital heart diseases (i.e., patent ductus arteriosus, subaortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, tricuspid dysplasia, and tetralogy of Fallot) is presented. The algorithm focuses on the underlying disease pathogenesis and the resultant changes in cardiac structure and function that can be readily identified during echocardiographic examination. Use of this algorithm provides a framework from which the ultrasonographer gains both experience and confidence in diagnosing congenital heart disease via echocardiography. This algorithm is supported by a number of still figures within the article as well as real-time echocardiographic images available for viewing at AAHA's website, www.aahanet.org.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61802, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sisson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001020:Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D003663:Decision Trees; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary