title: Primary intracerebral mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation: case report and literature review.
abstract: Intracranial chondrosarcoma (Ch-S) is a slow-growing, locally recurrent, malignant cartilaginous tumour of the skull base. Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MsCh-S) is a rarer, more malignant variant associated with the supratentorial meninges. Only seven cases of Ch-S, and six of MsCh-S, that were primarily intraparenchymal in origin have been reported. Moreover, no case of intracranial Ch-S or MsCh-S has been reported in which rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation was prominent. A 17-year-old Asian girl presented with a 4-week history of occipital headache, vomiting and paraesthesia in the left hand. She was drowsy with a left hemiparesis and had a dilated right pupil with bilateral papilloedema. CT demonstrated a large, partly calcified, contrast-enhancing mass in the right temporo-parietal region with oedema and midline shift. Through a large craniotomy, a tense brain was encountered with no apparent cortical abnormality. Despite a radical tumour excision, with excellent initial clinical recovery, a local recurrence rapidly occurred within weeks prior to the administration of any radiotherapy. Initial histopathological examination revealed a primary MsCh-S with osseous and rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation, with an indistinct margin. After a second radical excision, a second recurrence rapidly occurred; however, this proved excessively vascular and inoperable. Radiotherapy was declined and death followed within 3 weeks. This is the seventh case of primary intracerebral MsCh-S to be reported and the first to demonstrate rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. It was characterized clinically by rapid, local recurrence with increased vascularity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hurstwood Park Neurological Centre, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Marshman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gunasekera
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Olney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D018211:Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods