title: Physiological patterns during practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique compared with patterns while reading Sanskrit and a modern language.
abstract: This study tested the prediction that reading Vedic Sanskrit texts, without knowledge of their meaning, produces a distinct physiological state. We measured EEG, breath rate, heart rate, and skin conductance during: (1) 15-min Transcendental Meditation (TM) practice; (2) 15-min reading verses of the Bhagavad Gita in Sanskrit; and (3) 15-min reading the same verses translated in German, Spanish, or French. The two reading conditions were randomly counterbalanced, and subjects filled out experience forms between each block to reduce carryover effects. Skin conductance levels significantly decreased during both reading Sanskrit and TM practice, and increased slightly during reading a modern language. Alpha power and coherence were significantly higher when reading Sanskrit and during TM practice, compared to reading modern languages. Similar physiological patterns when reading Sanskrit and during practice of the TM technique suggests that the state gained during TM practice may be integrated with active mental processes by reading Sanskrit.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Dept., Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa 52557, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egenes
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation