title: Autonomic function and baroreflex sensitivity during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II AT-1 receptor blockade in essential hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of ACE-inhibition and angiotensin II ATI receptor blockade on the autonomic function and baroreflex sensitivity was investigated in hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate variability was assessed in a resting condition by power spectrum analysis to evaluate the low frequency (LF) power, high frequency (HF) power and LF/HF ratio in 19 hypertensive patients and 23 normotensive controls. Moreover, the coherence between the tachogram and the systogram was evaluated, and the baroreflex gain (alphaLF-index), describing the transfer function of variability in the systolic pressure signal to variability in the RR interval, was obtained. Then a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed. The 19 hypertensive patients were randomized to either enalapril or losartan treatment, and after 2 months were re-submitted to the RR variability and baroreflex study and to blood pressure monitoring. The subjects then crossed to the other antihypertensive treatment and were re-evaluated after an additional two months. No significant difference was found either in LF power and HF power and LF/HF ratio between normotensive and hypertensive subjects whereas a slight though significant difference was observed in the alphaLF-index. In hypertensive patients, both the treatments with enalapril and losartan reduced blood pressure and had no effect on heart rate. No significant change was observed in autonomic balance or in baroreflex sensitivity during the two antihypertensive treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hypertensive patients, the angiotensin system or bradykinins do not seem to have any modulatory effect on the sympathetic/parasympathetic control of blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity, in a resting condition. Since heart rates were unchanged by the two antihypertensive treatments despite a significant reduction of blood pressure, a resetting of baroreflex function was observed during both ACE-inhibition and angiotensin II ATI receptor blockade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. luigina.guasti@uninsubria.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guasti
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Petrozzino
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Mainardi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grimoldi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zanotta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garganico
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diolisi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simoni
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaudio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cerutti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004656:Enalapril; D019808:Losartan