title: [The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory during the outbreak of Legionella spp. in the municipality of Alcoy: the effectiveness of the different diagnosis methods].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of the different laboratory test methods to diagnose Legionella spp. in clinical specimens varies according to the epidemiological context. In this study, the usefulness of the laboratory methods used for an outbreak that occurred in the municipality of Alcoy (Alicante, Spain) are evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  222 community-acquired cases of infection caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, subtype Pontiac-Knoxville, genotypes I and II were studied, that had been diagnosed by the Microbiology laboratory from January 1999 to December 2000, corresponding to patients residing in the municipality of Alcoy (Alicante). The methods used were direct antigen detection in respiratory specimens by immunoflurescence, direct antigen detection in urine, cultures and serology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detection of the antigen in urine diagnosed 201 cases (90,5%). Direct immunofluorescence provided a high number of false positives (n=24). A culture was essential to confirm the etiology of the outbreak (25 sputum) strains from 22 patients). Serology complemented the other methods and helped to retrospectively diagnose 21 patients (9%) when the other tests were not carried out or when they provided negative results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rapid diagnosis is essential to evaluate the patients and to control epidemical outbreaks, and the detection of the urinary antigen is very useful, but should be complemented with other methods. The culture of the respiratory specimens and the subsequent typing of the strains means that the etiology can be established with certainty and this helps to determine the source(s) of the infection. Serology complemented the diagnosis in 9% of the cases.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Microbiología, Hospital Virgen de los Lirios, Alcoy. lopez_pilgar@teleline.es
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chinchilla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelaz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sastre
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000652:urine*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012621:Seasons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial