title: The effect of desmopressin on short-term memory in children with primary nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of desmopressin in patients with primary nocturnal enuresis is based on the hypothesis of a nocturnal lack of endogenous arginine vasopressin. However, in addition to the kidney, other targets of desmopressin are known. Therefore, we examined whether the administration of desmopressin influences central nervous function in children with primary nocturnal enuresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over study was performed on 40 children with nocturnal enuresis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 20 microg. desmopressin intranasally or 0.9% saline solution. Each group comprised 19 and 21 to children, respectively. After 2 weeks the groups were switched. The children were tested for short-term memory and reaction time to both treatments. Statistical analysis was done using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median patient age was 8.0 years (range 6 to 13). During desmopressin treatment children in both groups had a significant decrease of wet nights (5.3 to 3.2 per week). In contrast to reaction time, short-term memory was significantly different between both groups (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate an increase in short-term memory after desmopressin treatment in children with nocturnal enuresis. This finding indicates the central nervous system as a target involved in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis as well as the therapeutic benefit of desmopressin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Florkowski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chavez-Kattau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eggert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004775:Enuresis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012076:Renal Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin