title: Improved efficacy of chemotherapy for glioblastoma by radiation-induced opening of blood-brain barrier: clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for glioblastoma through the radiation-induced opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In two previous articles, we have described the results of brain scanning using technetium 99m-labeled somatostatin and the measurement of methotrexate (MTX) concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after i.v. injection. We discovered that the BBB and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier opened to a certain extent after 20- to 40-Gy irradiation, thus increasing the degree to which MTX permeated the brain tissue. On the basis of these findings, we retrospectively analyzed the outcome in 56 patients with glioblastoma given either chemotherapy (CCNU) after 20- to 40-Gy irradiation (28 patients) or radiation therapy alone (28 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 57.14%, 22.50%, and 15.00% in the combined-therapy group and 17.86%, 7.14%, and 3.57% in the radiotherapy alone group, respectively. The respective median survival times were 29.11 +/- 6.99 and 9.86 +/- 3.45 months (p < 0.001), which represented a statistically significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study further confirms that opening of the BBB induced by irradiation with 20-40 Gy may optimize the effects of intracranial chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. qindexing@263.net
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D008130:Lomustine