title: The hematocrit-corrected erythrocyte sedimentation rate can be useful in diagnosing inflammation in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine predictors of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the ESR level pointing to the presence of inflammation in 60 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On bivariate analysis, increased Westergren ESR of 62 (4-160) mm/h correlated inversely with hematocrit (Hct) and serum albumin, and positively with age, plasma fibrinogen, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulins A and G, alpha(1)-acid-glycoprotein and alpha(1)-antitrypsin. On multivariable analysis, independent predictors of the ESR were raised CRP (p < 0.0001), low Hct (p < 0.0001), increased fibrinogen (p < 0.0001) and immunoglobulin A (p = 0.009), and older age (p = 0.015). The Hct-corrected ESR level [ESR x (Hct/45)] of 38 (4-91) mm/h was independently predicted by CRP (p < 0.0001), fibrinogen (p < 0.0001), and age (p = 0.001). In the patients with normal CRP and albumin, the Hct-corrected ESR value was normal (23 mm/h) and lower than that of 59 mm/h in the subjects with elevated CRP and hypoalbuminemia. Using these cut-off points, the positive and negative predictive values of the Hct-corrected ESR on the presence of inflammation were 1.0, and its sensitivity and specificity were 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased Westergren ESR in HD patients is associated with activated acute-phase response, anemia, and aging. The Hct-corrected ESR values of 23 and 59 mm/h precisely select the HD patients with severe inflammation from those without.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Medical Academy, Bialystok, Poland. jborawski@polbox.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borawski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myśliwiec
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein