title: Endothelin-1 production is enhanced by rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, in cultured rat cardiomyocytes.
abstract: In chronic heart failure and acute myocardial infarction, the tissue level of endothelin (ET)-1 in the heart, as well as its plasma level, has been reported to increase markedly. There is, however, little information about what in these pathologic conditions leads to increased production of ET-1, and which type of cell in the heart produces ET-1. We examined the mRNA and peptide expression of ET-1 using cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, in which mitochondrial dysfunction was induced by rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor, because one of the common features in failing or ischemic hearts is an alteration in energy metabolism due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Rotenone increased glucose use by the culture cells within 12 h of addition without affecting cell viability, and depressed the mitochondrial membrane potential after 72 h, indicating the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Rotenone induced significant increase in the expression level of mRNA for ET-1 within 1 h of addition. In accordance with this finding, immunoreactive ET-1 in culture medium increased 3 times after 24 h of incubation, suggesting active secretion of ET-1 from cultured cells treated with rotenone. Immunocytochemical analysis verified significant increase of ET-1 peptide in cardiomyocytes, confirming the production of ET-1 by cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that derangement of mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes itself could lead to the increased production of ET-1 in cardiomyocytes, and that this mechanism may contribute to the increased production of ET-1 in failing and ischemic hearts.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Yuhki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakinuma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakoshi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D012402:Rotenone; D005947:Glucose