title: Antioxidant effect of melatonin in human retinal neuron cultures.
abstract: This study investigates whether the neurohormone melatonin can prevent the retinal neuronal injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured human retinal neuronal cells. Cultures of human retinal neuronal cells established from a variety of donors were grown to 14 days and then subjected to experimental hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO)-induced injury. Intracellular production of ROS by administration of HX/XO was confirmed by flow cytometry; the ROS resulted in both apoptotic and necrotic pattern of cell death in the retinal neuron cultures. The efficacy of melatonin against ROS injury was quantitated by MTT assay, enzyme immunoassay, and immunocytochemistry for neurofilament protein. The antioxidative effect of melatonin was compared with that of alpha-tocopherol. Retinal neuronal injury significantly reduced in a dose-response manner by a treatment of 1.0-8.0 mM alpha-tocopherol. Melatonin, in concentrations of more than 2.0 mM, also significantly reduced the injury. About 70% of cells are rescued by pretreatment with 1.0 mM alpha-tocopherol and 8.0 mM melatonin in the MTT assay. Our observations suggest that melatonin can rescue retinal neurons from ROS injury in human retinal cell cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Korea. mclee@chonnam.ac.kr
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D004247:DNA; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D008550:Melatonin