title: Differences between perspectives of physicians and patients on anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare physicians' and patients' thresholds for how much reduction in risk of stroke is necessary and how much risk of excess bleeding is acceptable with antithrombotic treatment in people with atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary and peripheral referral centres in Nova Scotia, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  63 physicians who were treating patients with atrial fibrillation and 61 patients at high risk for atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent a face to face interview with a probability trade-off tool. Thresholds were determined for the minimum reduction in risk of stroke necessary and the maximum increase in risk of excess bleeding acceptable for treatment with aspirin and warfarin in people with atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minimum number of strokes that needed to be prevented in 100 patients over two years for warfarin to be justified was significantly lower for patients than for physicians (1.8 (SD 1.9) v 2.5 (1.6), P=0.009), whereas for aspirin there was no difference between patients and physicians (1.3 (1.3) v 1.6 (1.5), P=0.29). The maximum number of excess bleeds acceptable in 100 patients over two years for use of warfarin and aspirin was significantly higher for patients than for physicians (warfarin 17.4 (7.1) v 10.3 (6.1); aspirin 14.7 (8.5) v 6.7 (6.2); P<0.001 for both comparisons).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients at high risk for atrial fibrillation placed more value on the avoidance of stroke and less value on the avoidance of bleeding than did physicians who treat patients with atrial fibrillation. The views of the individual patient should be considered when decisions are being made about antithrombotic treatment for people with atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6A3, Canada. philipj@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Devereaux
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Flowerdew
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Brownell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D018579:Patient Selection; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin