title: Bleeding risk of tirofiban, a nonpeptide GPIIb/IIIa platelet receptor antagonist in progressive stroke: an open pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycoprotein (gp) IIb/IIIa-receptor antagonists are highly effective antiplatelet agents with proven efficacy in the treatment of acute coronary and experimental cerebral ischemia. In this study we examined the rate of hemorrhagic transformation and major bleedings in patients with acute stroke treated with tirofiban, a nonpeptide gpIIb/IIIa antagonist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with progressively deteriorating acute ischemic stroke were treated with body-weight adjusted intravenous tirofiban for a mean period of 46 h and compared with a matched group of 17 acute ischemic clinically stable stroke patients. Cerebral hemorrhage was assessed by cranial imaging 6-10 days after symptom onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major intracranial hemorrhage was observed in either group. Clinically asymptomatic hemorrhagic infarctions type I/II/III were detected in 4/2/0 controls and in 4/1/1 patients of the tirofiban group, respectively (OR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.4-2.5). Clinical outcome scores were not different in both groups (p = 0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tirofiban was not associated with a significantly increased cerebral bleeding rate in acute ischemic stroke. Randomized multicenter studies are needed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirofiban in the treatment of acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Junghans
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aulich
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siebler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077466:Tirofiban; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D014443:Tyrosine; D000077466:Tirofiban