title: Alcohol and radiographs in the accident and emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contribution of alcohol ingestion to the radiological workload of an inner city accident and emergency (A&E) department.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective survey of patients presenting to A&E who required radiographs was performed over a seven day period. The A&E clinician questioned patients about alcohol intake during the six hours before the onset of the presenting complaint or injury, and made an objective assessment of signs of alcohol ingestion or intoxication. An assessment was made also of the relative contribution of alcohol as a cause of patients' injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 419 patients who had radiography fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and a questionnaire was completed for 351 (84%). Forty (11%) of 351 were found to have ingested alcohol. Thirty five (87%) of 40 patients who had ingested alcohol were radiographed for trauma, as compared with 171 (55%) of the 311 who had not (p<0.001). Alcohol was considered to have been causative of injury in 30% and a contributory factor in an additional 58%. Radiographs of the skull, face and jaw accounted for 18 (33%) of 55 radiographs from trauma patients who had ingested alcohol compared with 20 (9%) of 212 radiographs from those who had not (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of abnormal radiographs between these two groups (27% of radiographs from trauma patients who had ingested alcohol compared with 23% of radiographs from those who had not, p>0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with alcohol related injuries requiring radiography have a significant impact on the radiological workload of an A&E department, although the prevalence of alcohol ingestion detected in this study was less than expected from previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Accident and Emergency Department, Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Trust, London, UK. p.rust@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rust
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jowett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rottenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology