title: Expression of hMLH1 is inactivated in the gastric adenomas with enhanced microsatellite instability.
abstract: Microsatellite instability (MSI) and frameshift mutations in the genes containing coding nucleotide repeats have been reported in a subset of gastric adenomas, however the inactivation profiles of DNA mismatch repair genes in MSI-positive gastric adenomas have not been characterized. To address the origin of MSI in gastric adenomas, expressions of hMLH1 and hMSH2 were explored in 86 gastric adenomas. Gastric carcinomas, of which 16 were MSI-positive and 22 MSI-negative, were used as controls. MSI was found in 15 (17%) of gastric adenomas. Absent or decreased hMLH1 expression by immunohistochemistry was noted in most of the MSI-positive adenomas (13/15, 87%) and carcinomas (14/16, 88%), and all of these tumours showed methylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter. In contrast, rare inactivation of hMLH1 expression was found in MSI-negative adenomas (3/71, 4%) and carcinomas (2/22, 9%). Intense expression of hMSH2 gene product was observed in most of the gastric adenomas and carcinomas regardless of MSI status. These findings indicate that the inactivation of hMLH1 gene expression by promoter methylation is an early event and might be the origin of MSI-positive gastric adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein