title: Effect of oleamide on Ca(2+) signaling in human bladder cancer cells.
abstract: The effect of oleamide, a sleep-inducing endogenous lipid in animal models, on intracellular free levels of Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in non-excitable and excitable cells was examined by using fura-2 as a fluorescent dye. [Ca(2+)](i) in pheochromocytoma cells, renal tubular cells, osteoblast-like cells, and bladder cancer cells were increased on stimulation of 50 microM oleamide. The response in human bladder cancer cells (T24) was the greatest and was further explored. Oleamide (10-100 microM) increased [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent fashion with an EC(50) of 50 microM. The [Ca(2+)](i) signal comprised an initial rise and a sustained plateau and was reduced by removing extracellular Ca(2+) by 85 +/- 5%. After pre-treatment with 10-100 microM oleamide in Ca(2+)-free medium, addition of 3 mM Ca(2+) increased [Ca(2+)](i) in a manner dependent on the concentration of oleamide. The [Ca(2+)](i) increase induced by 50 microM oleamide was reduced by 100 microM La(3+) by 40%, but was not altered by 10 microM nifedipine, 10 microM verapamil, and 50 microM Ni(2+). In Ca(2+)-free medium, pre-treatment with thapsigargin (1 microM), an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor, abolished 50 microM oleamide-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases; conversely, pretreatment with 50 microM oleamide reduced 1 microM thapsigargin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases by 50 +/- 3%. Suppression of the activity of phospholipase C with 2 microM U73122 failed to alter 50 microM oleamide-induced Ca(2+) release. Linoleamide (10-100 microM), another sleep-inducing lipid with a structure similar to that of oleamide, also induced an increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Together, it was shown that oleamide induced significant [Ca(2+)](i) increases in cells by a phospholipase C-independent release of Ca(2+) from thapsigargin-sensitive stores and by inducing Ca(2+) entry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009829:Oleic Acids; C029407:oleylamide; D002118:Calcium