title: Inhibition of potentially anti-apoptotic proteins by antisense protein kinase C-alpha (Isis 3521) and antisense bcl-2 (G3139) phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides: relationship to the decreased viability of T24 bladder and PC3 prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Isis 3521 and G3139 are 20- and 18-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, respectively, targeted to the protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha and bcl-2 mRNAs. Treatment of T24 bladder and PC3 prostate carcinoma cells with full-length and 3'-truncation mutants of Isis 3521 causes down-regulation of PKC-alpha protein and mRNA. However, at the level of a 15-mer and shorter, down-regulation of mRNA expression is no longer observed. Further, no diminution in cellular viability, as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, in response to increasing concentrations of paclitaxel, can be observed for these shorter oligomers. These observations not only indicate that PKC-alpha protein expression can be down-regulated by both RNase H-dependent and -independent mechanisms but also that down-regulation of PKC-alpha is insufficient by itself to "chemosensitize" cells. G3139, which down-regulates bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression, also down-regulates PKC-alpha protein and mRNA expression but not that of PKC-betaI, -epsilon, or -zeta. However, the down-regulation of PKC-alpha and bcl-2 are not linked. When the carrier Eufectin 5 is employed, only bcl-2 is down-regulated in both T24 and PC3 cells at 50 nM oligonucleotide concentration. At 100 nM, both bcl-2 and PKC-alpha expression are down-regulated, and only at this concentration can "chemosensitization" to paclitaxel and carboplatin be observed. In contrast, the down-regulation of bcl-2 seems to be linked with that of RelA (p65). However, this too is also not sufficient for chemosensitization, even though it leads to the loss of expression of genes under the putative control of nuclear factor-kappaB and to detachment of the cells from plastic surfaces. These results underscore the complexity of the intracellular requirements for the initiation of chemosensitization to anti-neoplastic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benimetskaya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benimetsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maciaszek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guga
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Beaucage
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grajkowski
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000378:metabolism; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013873:Thionucleotides; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; C108494:ISIS 3521; C408162:oblimersen; C496628:PRKCA protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D016914:Ribonuclease H; D017239:Paclitaxel