title: Association of clinical, radiological and synovial immunopathological responses to anti-rheumatic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare immunohistochemical scoring with clinical scoring and radiology for the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, synovial tissue (ST) biopsied arthroscopically was assessed from 18 patients before and after commencement of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphocytes, macrophages, differentiated dendritic cells (DC), vascularity, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin-1beta levels were scored. Clinical status was scored using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) core set and serial radiographs were scored using the Larsen and Sharp methods. Histopathological evidence of activity included infiltration by lymphocytes, DC, macrophages, tissue vascularity, and expression of lining and sublining TNFalpha. These indices co-varied across the set of ST biopsies and were combined as a synovial activity score for each biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in synovial activity with treatment correlated with the ACR clinical response and with decreased radiological progression by the Larsen score. The ACR response to DMARD therapy, the change in synovial activity score and the slowing of radiological progression were each greatest in patients with high initial synovial vascularity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrate an association between clinical, radiological and synovial immunopathological responses to anti-rheumatic treatment in RA. High ST vascularity may predict favourable clinical and radiological responses to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weedon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zehntner
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Frazer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slavotinek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha