CO2 in static mesenteric venous blood during intestinal ischemia and ischemic preconditioning in rats.
During intestinal ischemia, CO2 accumulates in tissue as a result of bicarbonate buffering of anaerobic acid generation. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) generated during ischemic preconditioning acts as a glycolytic modulator, thus decreasing tissue lactate production. We studied if ischemic preconditioning induces NO-dependent changes in static mesenteric venous blood Pco2 values and CO2 accumulation during intestinal ischemia. Superior mesenteric venous (smv) acid base variables were studied in 4 groups of rats: a control group (C), an ischemic (90-min period of flow arrest) group (I), an ischemic group subjected to previous ischemic preconditioning (P), and an ischemic group subjected to previous ischemic preconditioning in which nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was inhibited by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administration (P+N). Preconditioning induced acidosis in smv blood during reperfusion before ischemia, but this effect was counteracted by L-NAME. Group P showed the lowest values of end-ischemic tissue lactate, smv blood CO2 accumulation, and LDH in perfusate, whereas group P+N showed the highest level of LDH in perfusate but the lowest end-ischemic smv blood Pco2 and acidity. We conclude that lower ischemic CO2 accumulation in static smv blood, but not lower end-ischemic Pco2, was related with the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning in our rat model. Thus, the use of stagnant smv blood Pco2 as an indicative of intestinal dysoxia can lead to misinterpretations if a broader acid-base picture is not considered.
Sola
A
A
Department of Biomedical Analysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (CSIC-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain E-08034.
Alfaro
V
V
Pesquero
J
J
Palacios
L
L
Pi
F
F
Roselló-Catafau
J
J
Gelpí
E
E
Hotter
G
G
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester