title: In vitro evaluation of a customized solution for use in attenuating effects of ischemia and reperfusion in the equine small intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a customized solution could attenuate the effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion injury of the equine jejunum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A segment of jejunum obtained from 21 healthy adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A segment of jejunum was maintained in an isolated extracorporeal circuit, and arterial flow was reduced to 20% of baseline for 40 minutes (ischemia) followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. In 1 group, a customized solution was infused at a rate of 1 ml/min during low-flow ischemia and 3 ml/min during reperfusion. In a second group, the solution was infused at the same rate during low-flow ischemia, but it was infused at a rate of 7 ml/min during reperfusion. Control groups received lactated Ringer's solution administered at the same rates as for the customized solution. Various metabolic, hemodynamic, histologic, and permeability variables were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A lower flow rate during reperfusion (3 ml/min) had a beneficial effect, compared with lactated Ringer's solution or the higher flow rate (7 ml/min). Use of the solution at this rate resulted in less histomorphologic injury and reduced mucosal permeability to albumin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a customized solution at a lower flow rate during repurfusion appeared to have a protective effect on equine jejunum when administered IV during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Van Hoogmoed
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Harmon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006736:Horses; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000098:blood supply*; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007552:Isotonic Solutions