title: The DSmurf ubiquitin-protein ligase restricts BMP signaling spatially and temporally during Drosophila embryogenesis.
abstract: We identified Drosophila Smurf (DSmurf) as a negative regulator of signaling by the BMP2/4 ortholog DPP during embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning. DSmurf encodes a HECT domain ubiquitin-protein ligase, homologous to vertebrate Smurf1 and Smurf2, that binds the Smad1/5 ortholog MAD and likely promotes its proteolysis. The essential function of DSmurf is restricted to its action on the DPP pathway. DSmurf has two distinct, possibly mechanistically separate, functions in controlling DPP signaling. Prior to gastrulation, DSmurf mutations cause a spatial increase in the DPP gradient, as evidenced by ventrolateral expansion in expression domains of target genes representing all known signaling thresholds. After gastrulation, DSmurf mutations cause a temporal delay in downregulation of earlier DPP signals, resulting in a lethal defect in hindgut organogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Podos
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007422:Intestines / Q000196:embryology; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D025801:Ubiquitin; C492378:Smurf protein, Drosophila; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases