title: Structural and Functional Properties of HIV-1(GER) TAR Sequences.
abstract: Sequencing of HIV-1(GER) long terminal repeat (LTR) has demonstrated, for the first time in an HIV-1 primary isolate, a TAR duplication referred to as TAR1 (nucleotides +1 through +68) and TAR2 (nucleotides +69 through +136). This TAR duplication is stable during replication of HIV-1(GER) isolate in CEM cells. Analysis of LTR-CAT reporter constructs demonstrated that under Tat transactivation the HIV-1(GER)/LTR (containing TAR1 and TAR2) was expressed at a higher level than a similar construct (HIV-1(GER)DeltaTAR) containing a single TAR sequence. Among the two transcription initiation sites found in the HIV-1(GER)/LTR, only the most 5' start site was shown to be functionally active. The predicted secondary structure of the 5'-end mRNAs of HIV-1(GER) suggests it may fold into a double TAR hairpin which resembles that of HIV-2. Finally, HIV-1(GER) Tat protein shows primary sequence similarity with Tat proteins from other isolates of HIV-1 and is apparently unrelated to HIV-2 Tat proteins. This work provides the first evidence of a TAR sequence duplication in HIV-1 which increases the efficiency of transactivation by Tat. Copyright 1996 S. Karger AG, Basel
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Immunologie des Infections Rétrovirales, CNRS UPR9008 et INSERM U249, Institut de Biologie, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: S.
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emiliani
authors.forename: N.
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coudronnière
authors.forename: C.
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delsert
authors.forename: C.
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Devaux