title: Vaginal transmission of HIV-1 in hu-SCID mice: a new model for the evaluation of vaginal microbicides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an animal model of vaginal transmission of HIV-1 for the evaluation of vaginal microbicides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vaginal infection was performed in SCID mice reconstituted with 4 x 107 human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL) by non-invasive vaginal administration. The hu-PBL were previously infected in vitro with a non-syncytium (NSI) strain of HIV-1 (SF162) (hu-PBL-SCID). Lymphocyte migration in vivo was examined using fluorescently labelled human lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The percentage of CD4 T cells, plasma viral load and p24 antigen were evaluated using fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS), the Amplicor HIV-1 monitor kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed on DNA extracted from spleen and lymph nodes. For in vivo migration of labelled lymphocytes, the mice were sacrificed after 4, 24 and 48 h; vaginae and local lymph nodes were removed, snap frozen with OCT, sectioned and examined by fluorescent microscopy and FACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV transmission was established using virus-infected cells inoculated vaginally, as shown by FACS, HIV viral load, p24 and PCR results. Labelled cells were easily located within the vaginal tissues after 4 h. However, few or no cells could be identified after 24 or 48 h at the vaginal level, whereas labelled cells could be detected at the level of regional lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of its simplicity and practical features compared with other animal models, the vaginal HIV-infected hu-SCID mouse model may prove useful to test the activity of compounds against cell-associated HIV and, possibly, other sexually transmitted diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Fabio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lapenta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Binelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Germinario
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sestili
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belardelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology; D002465:Cell Movement; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015683:Gene Products, gag