title: Dental and facial skeletal characteristics and growth of females and males with Class II Division 1 malocclusion between the ages of 10 and 14 (revisited). Part II. Anteroposterior and vertical circumpubertal growth.
abstract: Growth changes in the dentition and the facial skeleton of boys and girls with Class I malocclusion from 10 to 14 years of age are presented, and the changes are compared with those for children with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Radiographs of 335 children with Class II Division 1 malocclusion and 273 Class I controls were assessed. Radiographs were converted to x and y coordinate data, and 52 commonly used linear, angular, and coordinate axis measurements were made. Both the Class II Division 1 and the control groups were subdivided into 6 samples according to sex and skeletal age (10, 12, and 14 years +/- 6 months; chronological age ranged from 8.5 to 15.5 years). The mean plots from the coordinate data for the Class I boys and girls at 14 years were superimposed over the mean plots for the 10-year-old groups, creating circumpubertal growth standards. The standards are supported by growth vector diagrams and other data and lead to the following conclusions: (1) boys and girls with Class I malocclusion differ distinctly from each other in the amount and the direction of circumpubertal growth; (2) radiographic composite standards are useful and accurate clinical tools to show mean dentofacial skeletal growth and change between 10 and 14 years of age; (3) compared with the controls, the maxillary dentition of girls with Class II Division 1 malocclusion grows more horizontally, the maxillary (but not the mandibular) incisors procline farther, and the mandible grows more horizontally; (4) compared with the controls, the midfacial convexity in Class II Division 1 boys is markedly increased, due to more horizontal growth at A-point and less horizontal growth at nasion and pogonion, and maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth are proclined farther; (5) angular measurements involving S, N, A-point, B-point, and Pog are useful only when the position of N is known; and (6) cranial base flexure bears no relationship to the development of Class II Division 1 malocclusion.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA. drted35@aol.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rothstein
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Phan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D011627:Puberty; D011859:Radiography; D012727:Sex Characteristics