title: T-cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) expression in prostate cancer cells leads to an increased growth rate and induction of caveolins and amphiregulin.
abstract: Previously, we showed that prostate and prostate cancer cells express a truncated T-cell receptor gamma chain mRNA that uses an alternative reading frame to produce a novel nuclear T-cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP). TARP is expressed in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line but not in the androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cell line, indicating that TARP may play a role in prostate cancer progression. To elucidate the function of TARP, we generated a stable PC3 cell line that expresses TARP in a constitutive manner. Expression of TARP in PC3 cells resulted in a more rapid growth rate with a 5-h decrease in doubling time. cDNA microarray analysis of 6538 genes revealed that caveolin 1, caveolin 2, amphiregulin, and melanoma growth stimulatory activity alpha were significantly up-regulated, whereas IL-1beta was significantly down-regulated in PC3 cells expressing TARP. We also demonstrated that TARP expression is up-regulated by testosterone in LNCaP cells that express a functional androgen receptor. These results suggest that TARP has a role in regulating growth and gene expression in prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wolfgang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essand
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pastan
mesh_terms: D066258:Amphiregulin; D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D022461:Caveolins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C587848:AREG protein, human; D066258:Amphiregulin; D000728:Androgens; D022461:Caveolins; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C413185:TARP