title: Invasive streptococcal infection of the periorbita and forehead.
abstract: Recent epidemiological reports suggest an increased frequency of invasive streptococcal infections linked to the appearance of a dominant group A Streptococcus serotype. Necrotizing streptococcal infections involving the skin and soft tissues of the face are uncommon. This case demonstrates the aggressive and invasive nature of these infections. The patient presented with symptoms of angioedema and was treated with corticosteroids. Her condition worsened and plastic surgery was consulted. There was extensive necrosis of the periorbital and forehead soft tissue, requiring extensive debridement to control the invasive process. Multiple reconstructive procedures were performed to close the defects and to preserve function of the facial muscles and eyelids. The literature indicates less than 50 reported cases of necrotizing streptococcal infections limited to the periorbita. This case reflects the importance of rapid diagnosis, and emphasizes the need for prompt and appropriate surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Cocke
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Rushton
mesh_terms: D003646:Debridement; D019115:Fasciitis, Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes; D013524:Surgical Flaps