title: Activated c-Abl is degraded by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway.
abstract: C-Abl is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is tightly regulated in the cell. Genetic data derived from studies in flies and mice strongly support a role for Abl kinases in the regulation of the cytoskeleton (reviewed in [1,2]). C-Abl can be activated by several stimuli, including oxidative stress [3], DNA damage [4], integrin engagement [5], growth factors, and Src family kinases [6]. Structural alterations elicit constitutive activation of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase, leading to oncogenic transformation. While the mechanisms that activate c-Abl are beginning to be elucidated, little is known regarding the mechanisms that downregulate activated c-Abl. Here, we show for the first time that activated c-Abl is downregulated by the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. Activated forms of c-Abl are more unstable than wild-type and kinase-inactive forms. Moreover, inhibition of the 26S proteasome leads to increased c-Abl levels in vitro and in cells, and activated c-Abl proteins are ubiquitinated in vivo. Significantly, inhibition of the 26S proteasome in fibroblasts increases the levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated, endogenous c-Abl. Our data suggest a novel mechanism for irreversible downregulation of activated c-Abl, which is critical to prevent the deleterious consequences of c-Abl hyperactivation in mitogenic and cytoskeletal pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Echarri
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pendergast
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D051379:Mice; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D025801:Ubiquitin; D014443:Tyrosine; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C061553:ATP dependent 26S protease