title: [Malignant and benign diseases of the breast in 41 male patients: mammography, sonography and pathohistological correlations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of our study was to evaluate findings in mammography and sonography in male patients with pathohistologically proven diseases of the breast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammographies and sonographies, which were obtained in 41 male patients in a 6-year period, were retrospectively evaluated in accordance with the BI-RADS(R) classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologically 13 carcinomas, 21 gynecomastias, 3 pseudogynecomastias, 2 epithelial inclusion cysts and 2 other benign lesions were diagnosed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of mammography in differentiation of benign versus malignant disease were 92 %, 89 %, 80 %, 96 % and 90 %, respectively. Additional sonography did not change these results. However, sonography increased diagnostic confidence in 18.2 % (2/11) of suspicious lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study the invasive ductal carcinoma of male patients was a predominantly lobulated, ill-defined lesion in mammography and sonography. The differentiation of carcinoma to pseudogynecomastia and diffuse or dendritic gynecomastia was securely feasible. However, we could not reliably distinguish between carcinoma and some benign mass lesions. In cases of mammographically diagnosed masses or unclear mammography, additional sonography should be performed to increase the diagnostic confidence.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiodiagnostik, Universität Wien, Wien, Osterreich. bernhard.partik@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Partik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mallek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pokieser
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wunderbaldinger
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Helbich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary