title: Nicotine substitutes and pregnancy.
abstract: (1) Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of fetal death in utero, perinatal death, prematurity and low birth weight. (2) The efficacy and risks of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy are not known. (3) Small short-term pharmacology studies in the third trimester of pregnancy showed that nicotine replacement therapy did not cause more fetal haemodynamic changes than smoking.
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000075202:Contraindications; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D000074606:Smoking Prevention
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine