title: Reteplase in the treatment of thrombosed hemodialysis grafts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of reteplase with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of thrombosed polytetrafluoroethylene hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts (AVGs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients were entered into the study. Sixty-two procedures in 43 grafts were performed. One unit of reteplase and 4,000 units of heparin were administered into the AVGs. Routine venography and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was then performed. Patients were transferred for hemodialysis immediately after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was achieved in 92% of the cases. Four cases involved intentional repeat thrombosis because of poor outflow and/or need for a new graft site. Minor complications occurred in 6.5% of the cases. No major complications occurred. The mean procedure time for experienced versus less-experienced interventionalists was significantly shorter (P <.001). Primary patency rates were 50%, 34%, and 34% at 30, 90, and 180 days, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reteplase in conjunction with heparin and PTA is a safe and effective means of thrombolysis of AVGs. Its efficacy is comparable to that of other available thrombolytic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai-NYU Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA. abigail1falk123@pol.net
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guller
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Nowakowski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitty
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teodorescu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uribarri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassalotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D006493:Heparin; C087896:reteplase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator