title: Electrical stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 secretion by human dermal fibroblasts and the U937 human monocytic cell line.
abstract: The in vitro effects on human dermal fibroblasts and the U937 human monocytic cell line of three phases of electrical microcurrents generated by the ACE Stimulator were investigated. The growth and viability of growing and confluent dermal fibroblasts were not directly influenced by the separate microcurrent phases. One form of microcurrent (designated phase 1) stimulated both dermal fibroblasts and U937 cells to secrete transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), which is an important regulator of cell-mediated inflammation and tissue regeneration, but none of the three phases stimulated secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by U937 cells. The stimulation of TGF-beta 1 secretion in these experiments was not dramatic (a median increase over control levels of 20-30%), although it could be biologically significant.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, School of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Clothier
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Searle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeyarajah
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pradel
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lacey
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D002470:Cell Survival; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate