title: Effect of short-term glucose control on glycemic thresholds for epinephrine and hypoglycemic symptoms.
abstract: Hypoglycemia is the principal barrier to achieving target glucose goals in type 2 diabetes. The effect of short-term improvement in glycemic control on plasma glucose thresholds for symptomatic and hormonal responses to hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes is not known. We hypothesized that the thresholds for these events would be increased by 1 wk of improved glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Ten elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were admitted for an 8-d inpatient protocol. All subjects underwent insulin-induced hypoglycemia on days 2 (preglucose control) and 8 (postglucose control). Between days 2 and 8, subjects received intensive diabetes management to improve their glycemic control. Timed blood glucose profiles were obtained daily during the week before and during admission. Plasma glucose, counterregulatory hormones, and hypoglycemic symptoms were assessed at baseline and every 10 min during the hypoglycemic studies. Mean blood glucose concentrations were significantly reduced by intensive diabetes management from 9.8 +/- 3.7 mmol/liter to 7.7 +/- 3.3 mmol/liter (P < 0.001). The plasma glucose threshold for epinephrine release during insulin-induced hypoglycemia was significantly increased by intensive management from a glucose concentration of 3.7 +/- 0.5 mmol/liter at baseline to 3.1 +/- 0.3 mmol/liter after intensive management (P < 0.05). The plasma glucose threshold for hypoglycemic symptoms was also increased by intensive therapy from a glucose concentration of 5.3 +/- 1.2 to 3.3 +/- 0.6 mmol/liter (P = 0.003). These rapid changes may increase the risk for severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes and limit the ability of physicians to rapidly correct hyperglycemia in elderly type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA. MBurge@Salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Burge
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sobhy
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Qualls
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Schade
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004837:Epinephrine; D005905:Glyburide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin