title: Ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for the relief of perineal pain after childbirth: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain from episiotomy or tearing of perineal tissues during childbirth is often poorly treated and may be severe. This randomized double-blind controlled trial was performed to compare the effectiveness, side effects and cost of, and patient preference for, 2 analgesics for the management of postpartum perineal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 237 women who gave birth vaginally with episiotomy or a third- or fourth-degree tear between August 1995 and November 1996 at a tertiary-level teaching and referral centre for obstetric care in Vancouver were randomly assigned to receive either ibuprofen (400 mg) (n = 127) or acetaminophen (600 mg) with codeine (60 mg) and caffeine (15 mg) (Tylenol No. 3) (n = 110), both given orally every 4 hours as necessary. Pain ratings were recorded before the first dose and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 and 24 hours after the first dose on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Side effects and overall opinion were assessed at 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ibuprofen and acetaminophen with codeine had similar analgesic properties in the first 24 hours post partum (mean pain rating 3.4 and 3.3, mean number of doses in 24 hours 3.4 and 3.3, and proportion of treatment failures 13.8% [16/116] and 16.0% [16/100] respectively). Significantly fewer subjects in the ibuprofen group than in the acetaminophen with codeine group experienced side effects (52.4% v. 71.7%) (p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in overall patient satisfaction between the 2 groups. The major determinant of pain intensity was forceps-assisted delivery. Overall, 78% of the treatment failures were in women with forceps-assisted deliveries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the 2 analgesics were rated similarly, ibuprofen may be the preferred choice because it is less expensive and requires less nursing time to dispense. Further studies need to address improved analgesia for women with forceps-assisted deliveries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Grange
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003061:Codeine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000082:Acetaminophen; D003061:Codeine; D007052:Ibuprofen