title: Genotypic and phenotypic evidence of different drug-resistance mutation patterns between B and non-B subtype isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 found in Brazilian patients failing HAART.
abstract: We have investigated the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility of 14 HIV-1 strains isolated from individuals failing HAART therapy to protease inhibitors (PI). Proviral and plasma viral pol gene fragment were amplified, sequenced and subtyped. Nine samples clustered with protease subtype B reference strains and the remaining samples were classified as non-B subtype corresponding to subtype F (n = 4) and subtype A (n = 1). Although all patients were treated with similar P1 drug regimen, the non-B subtype isolates did not present the L90M and 184V mutations and used mainly G48V and V82A/F to achieve drug resistance. A strong cross-resistance phenotype among all four PI was associated with the mutation L90M in the subtype-B isolates, and with G48V and V82A/F in the non-B counterparts. This observation revealed that the non-B viruses tested had specific genotypic characteristics contrasting with the subtype-B isolates.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Department, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caride
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hertogs
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dehertogh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brindeiro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Sá
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Eyer-Silva
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Sion
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Passioni
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Calazans
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanuri
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid