title: Pertussis toxin and lipopolysaccharide influence phagocytosis of Bordetella pertussis by human monocytes.
abstract: The potential of human monocytes to mediate the clearance of Bordetella pertussis infection was examined. Bacteria expressing green fluorescent protein were incubated with adherent peripheral blood monocytes, and phagocytosis was quantified by using fluorescence microscopy. Monocytes internalized only a small percentage of the adherent bacteria. Surface-associated Bvg-regulated virulence factors, including adenylate cyclase toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, did not affect attachment or phagocytosis. However, 1-h pretreatment with purified pertussis toxin inhibited the ability of monocytes to internalize wild-type bacteria. Mutations affecting the terminal trisaccharide of lipopolysaccharide resulted in reduced internalization without affecting adherence of bacteria to monocytes. Opsonization with human serum played only a modest role in promoting phagocytosis. The viability of internalized bacteria was determined by colony counts following treatment with polymyxin B and gentamicin. Less than 1% of internalized bacteria remained viable. These results suggest that pertussis toxin plays a role in the evasion of monocyte phagocytosis and that these cells represent a potential mediator of the clearance of B. pertussis infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D037342:Pertussis Toxin