title: Unexplained reduced microbiological efficacy of intramuscular benzathine penicillin G and of oral penicillin V in eradication of group a streptococci from children with acute pharyngitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of oral penicillin V and intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in eradicating group A streptococci from the upper respiratory tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two randomized, single-blind, multicenter antibiotic efficacy trials in children using recommended doses of either oral penicillin V or intramuscular BPG for treatment of acute-onset pharyngitis associated with isolation of group A streptococci were conducted. Throat examinations and cultures were obtained at enrollment and on days 5 to 8, 10 to 14, and 29 to 31.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five percent of 284 evaluable patients treated with oral penicillin V and 37% of BPG-treated patients were microbiologic treatment failures at either 10 to 14 or 29 to 31 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these findings do not provide sufficient evidence to change current treatment recommendations or public health policy, important questions are raised about currently recommended penicillin doses, about the role of the carrier state, and possibly about adequate bioavailability of intramuscular BPG. These findings require confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Streptococci, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. kapla001@umn.edu
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D010401:Penicillin G Benzathine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010404:Penicillin V / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D010401:Penicillin G Benzathine; D010404:Penicillin V