title: Cloning, expression, and regulation of a glucocorticoid-induced receptor in rat brain: effect of repetitive amphetamine.
abstract: Behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants involves neuroadaptation of stress-responsive systems. We have identified and sequenced a glucocorticoid-induced receptor (GIR) cDNA from rat prefrontal cortex. The full-length GIR cDNA encodes a 422 amino acid protein belonging to G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Although the ligand for GIR is still unknown, the dendrogram construction indicates that GIR may belong to peptide receptor subfamily (e.g., substance P receptor), with more distant relationship to subfamilies of glycoprotein hormone receptors (e.g., thyrotropin receptor) and biogenic amine receptors (e.g., dopamine receptor). GIR shares 31-34% amino acid identity to the tachykinin receptors (substance P receptor, neurokinin A receptor, and neurokinin B receptor). GIR mRNA is expressed preferentially in brain, and its neuronal expression is relegated to limbic brain regions, particularly in forebrain. GIR transcript levels are increased significantly and persistently in prefrontal cortex for 7 d after discontinuation of chronic amphetamine exposure. The induction of GIR expression by amphetamine is associated with augmented behavioral activation. These findings suggest that modulation of GIR expression may be involved in behavioral sensitization, and GIR may play a role at the interface between stress and neuroadaptation to psychostimulants.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ahlbrand
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Sallee
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Richtand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C501985:Gpr83 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D003913:Dextroamphetamine