title: Cholecystokinin2 receptor-deficient mice display altered function of brain dopaminergic system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to coexist and interact with dopamine in the regulation of behaviour. Two different CCK receptors (CCK1 and CCK2) have an opposite influence on the activity of dopamine neurons. Stimulation of CCK2 receptors decreases the release of dopamine and that receptor could mediate the neuroleptic-like effect of CCK.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the activity of the dopaminergic system in pharmacological experiments on CCK2 receptor (CCK2R)-deficient mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used age- and sex-matched littermates in all our experiments. To evaluate the behavioural differences, we performed the rotarod test and measured the locomotor activity of animals using computer-connected photoelectric motility boxes. Amphetamine and apomorphine, two dopaminergic drugs with different pharmacodynamic properties, were used to influence the activity of the dopaminergic system in the brain. Neurochemical differences related to the different genotype were analysed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and radioligand binding studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor co-ordination was significantly impaired in the rotarod test of CCK2R receptor-deficient mice. Moreover, the locomotor activity of heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) CCK2R receptor-deficient mice was somewhat reduced. A low dose of apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg), an unselective agonist of dopamine receptors, suppressed locomotor activity significantly more in homozygous (-/-) and heterozygous (+/-) mutant mice than in their wild-type (+/+) littermates. Amphetamine (3-6 mg/kg), increasing release of dopamine from the presynaptic terminals, caused a dose-dependent motor stimulation in wild-type (+/+) mice. In heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) mice, a lower dose of amphetamine (3 mg/kg) did not alter the locomotor activity, whereas the higher dose of (6 mg/kg) induced a significantly stronger increase in locomotor activity in homozygous (-/-) mice than in their heterozygous (+/-) and wild-type (+/+) littermates. Despite the changes in the action of apomorphine and amphetamine in homozygous (-/-) mice, we did not find any significant differences in the concentration of dopamine and their metabolites in the striatum or cortex. However, the density of dopamine D2 receptors was significantly increased in the striatum of homozygous (-/-) animals compared with wild-type (+/+) mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The targeted mutation of the CCK2 receptor gene induced gene dose-dependent changes in the activity of the dopaminergic system. The sensitivity of presynaptic dopamine receptors was increased in heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) animals, whereas the increase in sensitivity of postsynaptic dopamine receptors was apparent only in homozygous (-/-) mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Biomedicum, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. sulevk@ut.ee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kõks
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Volke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veraksits
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rünkorg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sillat
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Abramov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bourin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huotari
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Männistö
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vasar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D004298:Dopamine