title: Differential regulation of airway mucin gene expression and mucin secretion by extracellular nucleotide triphosphates.
abstract: The effects of extracellular nucleotide triphosphates on the stimulation of mucin production by airway epithelial cells were examined. The order of potency in stimulating mucin secretion in primary cultures of human tracheobronchial epithelial cells is: uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) approximately equal to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) approximately equal to ATP-gamma-S > uridine 5'-diphosphate approximately equal to adenosine 5'-diphosphate > alpha,beta-methylene ATP >> adenosine. However, only UTP can increase mucin gene (MUC5AC, MUC5B) expression; ATP and other analogues have no stimulatory effect. The stimulation of MUC5AC and MUC5B expression by UTP is time- and dose-dependent. A similar effect on the elevation of mucous cell population in mouse airway epithelium can be demonstrated in vivo by an intratracheal instillation of UTP-saline solution. The stimulatory effect of UTP or ATP on mucin secretion was inhibited by pertussis toxin, U73122, and Calphostin C, but not by PD98059, suggesting a G-protein/ phospholipase (PL) C/protein kinase (PK) C-dependent and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent signaling pathway. However, the stimulatory effect of UTP on mucin gene expression was sensitive to pertussis toxin and PD98059, but not to Calphostin C and U73122, suggesting a G-protein/MAPK-dependent and PLC/PKC-independent signaling pathway. These findings are the first demonstration that UTP, a pyrimidine nucleotide triphosphate, can enhance both mucin secretion and mucin gene expression through different signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D055257:Mucin-5B; D009077:Mucins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004963:Estrenes; C524678:MUC5AC protein, human; C524578:MUC5B protein, human; C524679:Muc5ac protein, mouse; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D055257:Mucin-5B; D009077:Mucins; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; C074854:U 73343; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C058819:calphostin C; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate