title: Benefits of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for the treatment of impacted ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although new forms of lithotripsy, such as new-generation shockwave and laser lithotripsies, have recently been developed, the optimal treatment for impacted ureteral stones (IUS) remains controversial. We investigated, retrospectively, the outcome of IUS treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two IUS cases were treated using ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy. Of 22 stones, 8 (36%) were treated by ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy as initial treatment and 14 (64%) with pneumatic lithotripsy as an auxiliary treatment after SWL. The stone sizes ranged from 7 to 16 mm with 14 located in the proximal, 3 in the middle, and 5 in the distal ureter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty stones (91%) were effectively fragmented by ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy and eliminated within 1 month after treatment. One stone could not be observed with the ureteroscope secondary to the kinking and stricture of the ureter under the stone, and the stone moved into the kidney during the procedure. The stone was subsequently treated successfully with SWL. One other stone was first fragmented into two pieces; and one big piece, which migrated into the kidney, was treated successfully with SWL. Complications such as bleeding, ureteral injury, and perforation did not occur. Although a few small fragments migrated into the kidney during the procedure in three cases, the overall stone-free rate at 1 month after a one-session treatment with pneumatic lithotripsy was 91%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impacted ureteral stones can be treated effectively with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in both the short and the long term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan. t-yagisawa@mvb.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagisawa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*