title: The use of a digital voice output device to facilitate language development in a child with developmental apraxia of speech: a case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed at describing the language and communication abilities of a child diagnosed with Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS), who used a Macaw Digital voice output device.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case study describes the training of a mother in the use of a Macaw digital voice output device to give her child with DAS access to higher levels of language functioning. It also provides longitudinal information pertaining to the child's school progress in the three years following the implementation of the device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that the use of a digital device is useful in facilitating communication and language development in a young child with DAS. Specific evidence of an increase in the cognitive complexity of questions directed at the child is provided, as well as an increase in the number of questions directed to the child. Regarding the child's responses, it was noted that appropriate answers increased, as did the number of communication modalities and communication attempts. Longitudinal data indicates that the child was able to maintain these positive impacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Digital voice output devices can be used as a method to facilitate higher cognitive functioning and has various positive impacts on the functioning of a child with DAS. These devices need to be considered as a tool to facilitate the development of communication and speech development for this population.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa. bornman@libarts.up.ac.za
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bornman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alant
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meiring
mesh_terms: D001072:Apraxias / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014833:Voice Quality; D014834:Voice Training