title: Behavior and performance of lactating sows and piglets reared indoors or outdoors.
abstract: Two hundred eighty-seven lactating Newsham sows and their litters were used to determine the effects of intensive indoor (n = 147) and intensive outdoor (n = 140) production systems on sow and litter productivity and behavior. All sows were of contemporary age and fed a completely balanced sorghum-based diet. Behavior data were collected by live observation on 40 sows and litters (20 indoor and 20 outdoor) using a 5-min scan sample over a 4-h period in the afternoon (1400 to 1800). The durations of lying (90.0 vs 72.1 +/- 2.76% of time observed) and drinking (4.42 vs 1.41 +/- 0.6% of time observed) were higher (P < 0.01) among indoor than among outdoor lactating sows. Nursing interval and feeding and sitting behaviors were not different (P > 0.05) between production systems. Piglets spent more (P < 0.05) time walking (10.1 vs 5.2 +/- 1.72% of time observed) and engaged in play activity (5.0 vs 1.7 +/- 1.26% of time observed) when housed outdoors than indoors. Outdoor piglets had more (P < 0.05) nursing behaviors directed toward the sow (27.5 vs 20.3 +/- 2.02% of time observed) but time spent in contact with the sow did not differ between environments (38.8 vs 39.2 +/- 2.78% of time observed). Treatments did not influence (P > 0.05) any of the sow or piglet production parameters. In conclusion, outdoor-kept Newsham sows and their piglets showed a richer behavioral repertoire, but the diverse environments did not influence production parameters.
authors.affiliation: Pork Industry Institute, Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Morrow-Tesch
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGlone
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007774:Lactation; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain