title: Reoperative Snodgrass procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examine the results of a reoperative Snodgrass procedure for complex hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 patients with hypospadias in whom repair had failed underwent a reoperative Snodgrass procedure. Mean patient age and number of prior repairs were 11.4 years and 2.5, respectively. Before this treatment the meatus was at the distal shaft in 10 cases, mid shaft in 9, proximal shaft in 4 and penoscrotal junction in 2. Preoperatively the associated complications were fistulas in 13 patients, residual chordee in 12 and diverticulum in 1. In 8 cases the fistula was incorporated into the hypospadiac opening and treated as a longer defect. The urethral plates were, subjectively, surgically altered or unaltered in 7 and 18 patients, respectively. In 8 patients (group A) the previous repair(s) did not involve dissection of the urethral plate (unaltered) nor was there a fistula. The remaining 17 patients were classified as group B. The neourethra was then reconstructed as the Snodgrass technique. Followup urethral calibration was performed in 17 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean followup period was 13.7 months. Mean length and size of neourethra were 19.9 mm. and 14Fr, respectively. There were 7 (28%) postoperative fistulas of the neourethra. The incidences of postoperative fistula of the neourethra were 0% and 41.2% in groups A and B, respectively (p <0.01). Statistically the surgically altered urethral plate and the presence of a preoperative fistula were 2 independent factors predicting a higher postoperative fistula rate. The overall postoperative meatal stenosis rate was 13 (52%) with 3 (37.5%) in group A and 10 (58.8%) in group B, respectively (p >0.05). The meatal stenosis was treated with simple dilation in 11 cases and meatoplasty during subsequent fistula repair in 2. Stricture at the anastomostic site between the normal urethra and neourethra was noted in 2 patients. Fistula repair was successfully performed 6 months later in 4 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Snodgrass procedure is a viable option for the treatment of previously failed hypospadias repair. It was highly effective in patients with a surgically unaltered urethral plate and no preoperative fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and En Chu Kong Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D017211:Treatment Failure; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*