title: Clinical usefulness of K-ras gene mutation detection and cytology in pancreatic juice in the diagnosis and screening of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The significance of K-ras codon 12 mutation in pancreatic juice is still unclear. Although considerable controversy surrounds this question, the diagnostic utility of K-ras in patients with clinical suspicion of pancreatic cancer (PC) and in PC-risk patients remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study prospectively the utility of the K-ras gene mutation and cytology in the diagnosis and screening of PC, and to assess its contribution to clinical decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatic juice samples obtained from 90 patients were evaluated prospectively. Group I (n = 40) comprised patients with clinical suspicion of PC; group II (n = 50) comprised 49 patients with chronic pancreatitis and one patient proceeding from a PC family screening. The K-ras mutation was detected by means of artificial restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in DNA after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I, of those patients with a definitive diagnosis of PC, malignant cells were found in 27% and K-ras mutation in 44%. In five cases, molecular analysis contributed to diagnosis (4/11 with negative cytology and 1/2 with insufficient cytological material). K-ras mutation revealed an early tumour in one patient, and was the only sample available for diagnosis in another. In group II, the K-ras gene mutation was detected in 8/49 patients (16%) with chronic pancreatitis, one of whom developed PC (2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  K-ras mutation analysis of pancreatic juice may complement cytological evaluation in the diagnosis of PC, in spite of its limited contribution to clinical decision making. The presence of K-ras mutation in chronic pancreatitis classifies a subgroup of PC-risk patients who should be evaluated carefully by long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. nick@nick100.freeserve.co.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boadas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urgell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cussó
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capellà
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lluís
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farré
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010189:Pancreatic Juice; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003062:Codon