title: Comparison of self-assessment and expert assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Occupational assessments of chemical exposure are often inadequate because of difficulties in obtaining sufficient numbers of measurements by trained professionals (experts). The objective of this study was to determine whether workers can provide unbiased data via self-assessments of exposure facilitated by the use of simple passive monitors for personal sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Untrained workers obtained personal measurements of their exposures to gaseous contaminants (terpenes in sawmills and styrene in reinforced plastics factories) with passive monitors and written instructions. To study the validity of the self-assessments, an occupational hygienist performed exposure measurements on the same occupational groups after the workers had obtained two or more measurements independently. The potential bias of the self-assessments was evaluated by comparing the self-assessments with the expert assessments in mixed-effects statistical models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 terpene (97 self and 56 expert) and 216 styrene (159 self and 57 expert) measurements were obtained from four sawmills and six reinforced plastics factories, respectively. No significant differences in the geometric mean exposures were observed between the self-assessments and the expert assessments in 3 of 4 sawmills and 5 of 6 reinforced plastics factories (P > 0.10). The potential bias of the self-assessments of exposure ranged from less than 0.1% to 102% and was less than 17% in 9 of the 10 groups investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that untrained, unsupervised workers are able to collect consistently unbiased exposure data by employing currently available passive monitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden. ingrid.liljelind@envmed.umu.se
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Liljelind
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Strömback
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sunesson
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Järvholm
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010969:Plastics; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D020058:Styrene / Q000032:analysis; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D014934:Wood; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D010969:Plastics; D013729:Terpenes; D020058:Styrene