title: Inhibition of epithelial chloride secretion by butyrate: role of reduced adenylyl cyclase expression and activity.
abstract: Butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are found at high concentrations in the colonic lumen and affect multiple epithelial cell functions. To better understand how SCFAs regulate ion transport, we investigated the effects of SCFAs on Cl(-) secretion in human colonic epithelial cell line T(84). Butyrate inhibited Cl(-) secretory responses to prostaglandin E(2), forskolin, and cholera toxin. Other SCFAs were less effective or inactive. Reduced secretion was associated with decreased synthesis of the second messenger cAMP rather than increased degradation. Expression and activity of adenylyl cyclase were decreased by butyrate, whereas phosphodiesterase activity was unaffected and phosphodiesterase inhibition did not reverse the effects of butyrate on Cl(-) secretion. Furthermore, butyrate decreased expression of the basolateral Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, indicating that it might modulate the secretory capacity of the cells. However, butyrate did not affect secretory responses to the calcium-dependent secretagogue carbachol, cAMP analogs, or uroguanylin, indicating that normal secretory responses to adequate levels of second messengers in butyrate-treated T(84) cells are possible. These results show that butyrate affects several aspects of epithelial Cl(-) secretion, including second messenger generation and expression of key ion transporters. However, these effects may not all be equally important in determining Cl(-) secretion in response to physiologically relevant secretagogues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92103, USA. srestalenert@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resta-Lenert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eckmann
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002087:Butyrates; D002712:Chlorides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011422:Propionates; C578877:SLC12A2 protein, human; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D005576:Colforsin; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D002118:Calcium; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine