title: Modified Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction: new concepts about old ideas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The modern Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction is a procedure that has evolved during the past 82 years. During this time, the modifications and contributions of several urologic surgeons have improved the procedure and ultimate patient outcomes. We review the evolution and describe in detail our version of the Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optimally, patients should have a minimal bladder capacity of 85 mL and be mature enough to participate in a postoperative voiding program. Adequate radical exposure of the lateral aspects of the bladder and bladder neck are important. Cephalotrigonal or cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation is typically performed to mobilize the ureters in relation to the proposed bladder neck and correct reflux. A mucosal template 15 mm wide by 30 mm long is created that will serve as the reconstituted posterior urethra and bladder neck. Triangular lateral bladder mucosal wedges are marked and demucosalized. The neourethra is closed over an 8F Firlit tube. The demucosalized flaps are brought over the urethra sequentially in a "vest-over-pants" fashion with the final layer consisting of suspension sutures. Finally, ureteral stents and a suprapubic tube are used, but no urethral catheter is left in place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modern Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction is the result of the contributions of various urologic surgeons during 82 years. When patients are appropriately selected, it is an effective method of lower urinary tract reconstruction in cases of congenital urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Tadros
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000266:history / Q000601:surgery*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004842:Epispadias / Q000150:complications / Q000266:history / Q000601:surgery*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history