title: Genetic and clinical analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 repeat expansion in Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by triplet repeat expansions in the sequence of specific disease genes. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8), originally described in a family characterized by pure cerebellar ataxia with slow disease progression, presents with expansion of combined CTA/CTG repeats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform SCA8 repeat expansion analysis in a heterogeneous group of ataxic patients, to determine the prevalence of this mutation in our patients and establish the frequency of expanded CTA/CTG repeats in a large group of control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-seven patients affected by sporadic, autosomal dominant and recessive hereditary ataxia were clinically examined and analyzed for SCA8 expansion. We further studied 161 control subjects and 125 patients with psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found abnormally expanded CTA/CTG repeats in 5 ataxic patients, 3 of them characterized by pure cerebellar ataxia. One patient had vitamin E deficiency and 1 patient with a sporadic case was affected by gluten ataxia. No evidence of expanded alleles was found in healthy control subjects and in patients with psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the evidence that CTG expansions may be linked to SCA8, since the pathogenic expansions have been found only among patients with genetically unidentified forms of hereditary and sporadic ataxia. Patients carrying expanded alleles present peculiar phenotypic features, thus suggesting that unknown additional factors could probably predispose to the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nacmias
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forleo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Guarnieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calabrò
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Renzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorbi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
chemical_list: C415906:ATXN8OS gene product, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated