title: Neurotransmitter dopamine applied in electrochemical determination of aluminum in drinking waters and biological samples.
abstract: It was demonstrated that the decrease of the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) anodic peak current of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, DA) was linear with the increase of aluminum (Al) concentration. Under optimum experimental conditions (pH 4.6, 1.2 x 10(-3) M DA, and 0.04 M NaAc-HAc buffer solution), the linear range is 4.0 x 10(-7)-8.0 x 10(-5) M, the detection limit is 1.4 x 10(-7) M, and the relative standard deviation for 4 x 10(-5) M Al(III) is 3.5% (n=8). Many foreign species, especially some low-molecule-weight biological molecules, were chosen for interference testing. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Al in biological samples such as synthetic renal dialysate, Ringer's solution, human blood, cerebrospinal fluid of a patient, and urine of a diabetic patient. The corresponding recoveries were generally between 95 and 105%. The basic principle of the method was determined by examining Al complexed with DA. This results in the blockage of the electroactive sites on DA, followed eventually by the reduction of the electrochemical response of DA. This result was verified by examining the behavior of DA, both in the presence and absence of Al, using electrochemical, UV-Vis, Raman, and (13)C NMR spectroscopic methods.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000652:urine; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D004298:Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D000535:Aluminum; D004298:Dopamine