title: [Hydro-MRI for abdominal diagnostics in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A clinical evaluation of hydro-MRI as an alternative method to barium studies in children with abdominal pain of unknown origin is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 children with abdominal pain of unknown origin aged from 9 - 16 years were examined after oral bowel opacification using 1000 ml of 2.5 % mannitol solution with a 1.0 T MRI system. The investigation was done in 2 planes (coronal and axial) under breath-hold conditions. Imaging procedures included various sequences (T2W HASTE + FS, contrast-enhanced T1W FLASH FS). Suspicious findings in bowel segments and extra-intestinal changes were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 21/24 examinations the small bowel was completely visualized, in 15/24 cases colon segments were identified. An accurate assessment of the terminal ileum was not possible in 3/24 procedures. Breathing artefacts occurred in 3/24 examinations. Signs of Crohn's disease were found in 4 examinations, inflammatory changes of the ileum were detected in 3 cases. Inflammation of the colon was demonstrated in 2 children. Furthermore, pathological findings included constipation in one child and inflammation of the ileo-colic and mesenterial lymph nodes were found in another child. Extra-intestinal changes in 3 children were caused by ovarian cysts, and in one case by pleural effusion. In 4 examinations we detected ascites in the absence of other pathological findings. In 5 children there was no pathological correlation in the bowel or extra-intestinal region for the complaints. The children tolerated the hydro-MRI very well. There were no side effects using oral mannitol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydro-MRI is a valuable non-invasive method in the diagnosis of abdominal pain of unknown origin. In children it should be the method of choice because it further offers the advantage of the absence of ionizing radiation. Patient compliance is a prerequisite for this new examination. In our experience this requirement was met in children older than 9 years. Further studies should prove the necessity of conventional radiology following negative hydro-MRI.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. akern@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schunk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberholzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelen
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012737:Sex Factors