title: Cardiovascular phenotype of young adults and angiotensinogen alleles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensinogen (AGT) gene variants influence angiotensinogen plasma levels in children and young adults. The angiotensinogen promoter (-6)A variant facilitates gene transcription in human tissues and it has been associated with high blood pressure in older adults. A young adult population can be used as a model to study genotype/phenotype associations between AGT (-6) variants and cardiovascular variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and heart rate were taken in 422 white Caucasian students (mean age 23.5 years, SD 2.5 years). Family history for hypertension, physical activity and smoking history were evaluated. Left ventricular variables were measured by echocardiography. Carotid artery wall intimal-media thickness (IMT) was measured by high resolution sonography and digitalized morphometry. The AGT G(-6)A alleles were evaluated by mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction controlled by direct sequencing. No significant associations were found between angiotensinogen genotype and blood pressure, cardiac variables [except for deceleration time in females which increased with the number of (-6)A alleles] and IMT. Allele frequencies were similar between the first and third tertile of blood pressure and left ventricular mass, and were also similar between negative or positive family history for hypertension (the last group having significantly higher systolic blood pressure in males, P = 0.04 and diastolic blood pressure in females, P < 0.01). Moreover, no relevant interaction on the cardiovascular variables was found between AGT genotype and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The angiotensinogen G(-6)A variants do not affect cardiovascular parameters in young adults, but an effect of this polymorphism on cardiovascular phenotype (and hypertension) in older adults cannot be excluded. Additional factors, associated with ageing, should be present to unleash the supposed unfavourable potential of the (-6)A angiotensinogen variant.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy. sarzani@popcsi.unian.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarzani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dessì-Fulgheri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazzara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catalini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bersigotti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siragusa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ercolani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spagnolo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zingaretti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serenelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pupita
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giantomassi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasquini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gesuita
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rappelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen