Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in preterm infants with a patent and a closed ductus arteriosus.
OBJECTIVE
A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may influence renal and hepatic blood flow and hence pharmacokinetics of drugs in neonates compared to neonates with a closed ductus arteriosus (CDA). A 10-percent difference of gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters between PDA and CDA has been reported; but its implications are unclear. The relevance of this difference relative to the variability within the neonatal population was investigated.


METHODS
Twenty-four neonates (12 with a PDA and 12 with a CDA) treated with gentamicin were retrospectively included. Before closing treatment of the PDA, serum levels were drawn and analysed for regular therapeutic drug monitoring of gentamicin. Data were analysed using the standard two-stage approach (STS) and an iterative 2-stage Bayesian population analysis approach (It2B).


RESULTS
Both types of analysis showed no significant differences between both populations for gentamicin total body clearance per kg bodyweight (CL/kg). Volume of distribution per kg bodyweight (Vd/kg) tended to be larger and elimination rate (Kel) tended to be smaller in neonates with PDA. Multiple regression analysis showed for both populations highly significant correlations between total body clearance and body weight (p < 0.0001) or gestational age (p < 0.0001), and between volume of distribution and body weight (p < 0.0001) or gestational age (p < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Although neonates with a PDA may have small differences in gentamicin pharmacokinetics compared to neonates with a CDA, this is not relevant for clinical practice taking the variability within that population into account.
Touw
D J
DJ
Department of Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.touw@ahz.nl
Proost
J H
JH
Stevens
R
R
Lafeber
H N
HN
van Weissenbruch
M M
MM
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004373:Ductus Arteriosus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins