title: Protein kinase Cepsilon is required for macrophage activation and defense against bacterial infection.
abstract: To assess directly the role of protein kinase C (PKC)epsilon in the immune system, we generated mice that carried a homozygous disruption of the PKCepsilon locus. PKCepsilon(-/-) animals appeared normal and were generally healthy, although female mice frequently developed a bacterial infection of the uterus. Macrophages from PKCepsilon(-/-) animals demonstrated a severely attenuated response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)gamma, characterized by a dramatic reduction in the generation of NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-1beta. Further analysis revealed that LPS-stimulated macrophages from PKCepsilon(-/-) mice were deficient in the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2, demonstrating a decrease in the activation of IkappaB kinase, a reduction in IkappaB degradation, and a decrease in nuclear factor (NF)kappaB nuclear translocation. After intravenous administration of Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, PKCepsilon(-/-) mice demonstrated a significantly decreased period of survival. This study provides direct evidence that PKCepsilon is critically involved at an early stage of LPS-mediated signaling in activated macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the absence of PKCepsilon, host defense against bacterial infection is severely compromised, resulting in an increased incidence of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica (Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-UCM), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castrillo
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boscá
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C497256:Prkce protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon