title: Prednisone induces anxiety and glial cerebral changes in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether prednisone (PDN) produces anxiety and/or cerebral glial changes in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were studied and 3 groups were formed (8 rats per group). The moderate-dose group received 5 mg/kg/day PDN released from a subcutaneous implant. In the high-dose group, implants containing PDN equivalent to 60 mg/kg/day were applied. In the control group implants contained no PDN. Anxiety was assessed using an open field and elevated plus-maze devices. The number of cells and cytoplasmic transformation of astrocytes and microglia cells were assessed by immunohistochemical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiety was documented in both groups of PDN treated rats compared with controls. The magnitude of transformation of the microglia assessed by the number of intersections was significantly higher in the PDN groups than in controls in the prefrontal cortex (moderate-dose, 24.1; high-dose, 23.6; controls 18.7; p < 0.01) and striatum (moderate-dose 25.6; high-dose 26.3; controls 18.9; p < 0.01), but not in hippocampus. The number of stained microglia cells was significantly higher in the PDN treated groups in the prefrontal cortex than in controls (moderate-dose, 29.1; high-dose, 28.4; control, 17.7 cells per field; p < 0.01). Stained microglia cells were significantly more numerous striatum and hippocampus in the high-dose group compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subacute exposure to PDN induced anxiety and reactivity of microglia. The relevance of these features for patients using PDN remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology of the Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Perez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramos-Remus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia-Estrada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luquin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone