title: Surgical therapy for tremor in multiple sclerosis: an evaluation of outcome measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of outcome measures that might be used in a clinical trial of surgery for the treatment of severe tremor associated with MS (MS tremor).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with MS tremor were evaluated before and 3 and 12 months after thalamic surgery (six thalamotomy, three deep brain stimulation). A clinical tremor rating scale (CTRS), a novel quantitative movement analysis technique (QMA), and a variety of measures of disability, neurologic impairment, and quality of life was utilized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the CTRS and QMA were reliable measures of tremor and both were sensitive to the improvement in tremor following surgery. However, QMA correlated with disability measures and corresponded better to patient and examiner assessment of surgical results. The disability scales used were insensitive to functional improvements that may follow surgery. The box and blocks test clearly separated three patients who had excellent results from three who had poor results. Baseline QMA values predicted improvement on the box and blocks test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) QMA is a reliable, objective and valid measure of MS tremor that could be used in a clinical trial. 2) The box and blocks test can detect the improvement in prehensile function that follows surgery, but standard disability scales are poorly responsive to this change. 3) Preoperative QMA values may predict which patients are most amenable to functional improvement after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. jmatsumoto@mayo.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ahlskog
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sneve
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noseworthy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*