title: Mineralisation studies of 14C-labelled metsulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron and thifensulfuron-methyl in one Danish soil and groundwater sediment profile.
abstract: Bacterial mineralisation of four sulfonylurea herbicides at 20 microg kg(-1) in a sandy soil from nine different depths in a sandy soil horizon (5-780 cm) was investigated in laboratory studies. Metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl were 14C-labelled in the sulfonamide ring, while thifensulfuron-methyl was labelled in the thiophene ring. The highest mineralised amount in 126 days was observed for metsulfuron-methyl (40%) followed by tribenuron-methyl (25%), and thifensulfuron-methyl (11%). Chlorsulfuron showed low mineralisation in all the soils tested (<4%). Mineralisation of the herbicides metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl varied according to soil depth (upper profile: 5-70 cm, and lower profile: 165-780 cm) and were proven faster in soil taken from depths 5-7 and 30-35 cm, and slower in depths 45-50 and 70-75 cm. Mineralisation was absent in the lower profile (165-780 cm). As an indicator of microbial activity bacterial counts were taken at the experimental start; these counts grouped in three levels: highest in the surface layer (5-7 cm), slightly lower in the depths 30-75 cm, and lowest in the lower profile (165-780 cm). Residual concentrations of metsulfuron-methyl correlated to the accumulated amount mineralised, with high residual concentrations in soil showing low mineralisation. Also chlorsulfuron showed high residual concentrations with increasing depth in the upper profile, but the relatively high dissipation at 30-35 cm and lower one at 45-50 cm could not be related with the lack of mineralisation. This shows that hydrolysis occurs, but mineralisation of the chloro-substituted sulfonamide is restricted. Tribenuron-methyl and thifensulfuron-methyl could not be detected due to interference with other compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Hertz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bossi
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D001190:Arylsulfonates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008903:Minerals; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001190:Arylsulfonates; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006540:Herbicides; D008903:Minerals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014227:Triazines; C050296:metsulfuron methyl; C037137:chlorsulfuron