title: Malleostapedotomy in revision surgery for otosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of malleostapedotomy and to compare them with those of a conventional incus stapedotomy in a series of 82 consecutive surgical revisions in otosclerotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  82 consecutive revision stapes surgery cases over 5 years were evaluated. The preoperative and postoperative audiometric data of 80 (97.5%) of the patients were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  71 of the patients underwent a functional revision procedure as malleostapedotomy (56, 79%) or as incus stapedotomy (15, 21%). The most common cause of failure of primary surgery was a displaced or malfunctioning prosthesis (86.2%). Pathologic changes of the oval window were found in 80% of the cases. Problems of the incus were identified in 80% and abnormality of the malleus in 48.6% of the cases. The functional success rate of malleostapedotomy (closure within 10 dB) was found to be higher than that of traditional incus stapedotomy (p < 0.05). Overclosure was seen in 12 patients (17%) and a significant sensorineural hearing loss in 2 patients (3%). There were no dead ears in this series. The postoperative hearing results after first revision surgery were better than those after multiple surgical procedures (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malleostapedotomy yields better functional hearing results than incus stapedotomy in revision surgery for otosclerosis. The detection of many malleus fixations was the result of the systematic exposure of the anterior malleal process and ligament through an endaural approach with superior canaloplasty.
authors.affiliation: Ear, Nose and Throat Center, Hirslanden Clinic, Witellikerstrasse 40, CH-8029 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008307:Malleus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010040:Otosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012086:Reoperation; D013201:Stapes Surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000601:surgery