title: Comparison of urine composition of healthy Labrador retrievers and miniature schnauzers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare urine composition in Labrador Retrievers (LR) and Miniature Schnauzers (MS) fed the same dog food.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 healthy LR (mean [+/- SD] age, 3.1+/-1.7 years) and 8 healthy MS (mean age, 3.7+/-1.3 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  A nutritionally complete dry dog food was fed to the dogs for 24 days. Urinary pH, volume, specific gravity, frequency of urination, and urinary concentrations of 12 analytes were measured for each dog; urinary relative supersaturation (RSS) with calcium oxalate and brushite (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate) were calculated from these values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS urinated significantly less often and had a lower urine volume (ml/kg of body weight per d) and a significantly higher urine pH, compared with LR. Urinary calcium concentration and brushite RSS were significantly higher in the urine of MS. As a result of a high calorie requirement, primarily as a result of high surface area to volume ratio, MS had significantly higher intake (per kg body weight) of dietary minerals, compared with LR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in urine composition exist between breeds fed the same diet, some of which, including lower urine volume, higher calcium concentration, and higher brushite RSS, may contribute to the high prevalence of calcium oxalate uroliths observed in MS. Differences between breeds should be considered when evaluating strategies for controlling calcium oxalate stone formation.
authors.affiliation: Waltham Center for Pet Nutrition, Waltham on the Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leics, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Markwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000652:urine*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000652:urine*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D013045:Species Specificity; D013046:Specific Gravity; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014554:Urination; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous