title: Health and service utilization patterns among homeless men in transition: exploring the need for on-site, shelter-based nursing care.
abstract: Between September 1999 and May 2000, as part of a larger faculty/student teaching project, data describing the demographic, health problem and service utilization patterns of 183 newly sheltered homeless men (mean age = 42) seeking on-site nursing clinic services were collected and analyzed. Upon arrival to the transitional shelter, 46% of the study participants were medically uninsured or received state subsidized health benefits (49%). Almost all (99%) were in recovery from substance addiction. Despite numerous self-reported health problems, 44% had no primary care provider and 35% were seen only sporadically in local hospital clinics or in emergency departments. During the study period, nurse practitioner students and faculty managed most of the residents' episodic illnesses on-site, while assisting them to secure insurance coverage and medical appointments as a prelude to independent living. This was an attempt to curtail residents' previous pattern of waiting until medical problems became serious before seeking treatment. These findings mirrored those in studies of similar populations equating on-site delivery of health care to cost reduction. Unfortunately, many nurse-managed clinics, like our study site, fail to generate data supporting nurses' clinical efficiency and cost effectiveness in caring for homeless individuals. As such, nurses' work remains invisible and underappreciated. This article argues that future studies examining nurses' work and worth in caring for homeless individuals are necessary in determining future health care service planning with this vulnerable population.
authors.affiliation: Boston College School of Nursing Chestnut Hill, MA 02167, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Brush
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D018672:Community Health Planning; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006208:Halfway Houses; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015397:Program Evaluation