title: Drug wastage contributes significantly to the cost of routine anesthesia care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To complement previous studies that employed indirect methods of measuring anesthesia drug waste.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, blinded observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating rooms of a single university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia providers practicing in this setting who were completely unaware of the conduct of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All opened and unused or unusable intravenous (IV) anesthesia drugs left over at the end of each workday were collected over a randomly selected typical 2-week period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  166 weekday cases were performed. Thirty different drugs were represented in the 157 syringes and 139 ampoules collected. Opioid waste as well as opened vials that became outdated were counted in the tally. Based on actual hospital drug acquisition costs, $1,802 of drugs were wasted during this 2-week period ($300/OR), amounting to an average cost per case of $10.86. On a cost basis, six drugs accounted for three quarters of the total wastage: phenylephrine (20.8%), propofol (14.5%), vecuronium (12.2%), midazolam (11.4%), labetalol (9.1%), and ephedrine (8.6%). Because incompletely used syringes or vials that were discarded in the trash were not measured in this analysis, the results may underestimate the total cost of drug wastage at this institution by up to 40%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study are similar to those of previous studies that employed electronic record keeping techniques to calculate drug waste. Intravenous drugs that are prepared but unused may be a significant cost of intraoperative anesthesia care. Methods to reduce the amount of drug wasted are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. Mweinger@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Weinger
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000191:economics*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000191:economics*; D017046:Cost Savings; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous