title: The effect of luting media on the fracture resistance of a flame sprayed all-ceramic crown.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study investigated the effect of selected luting media on the fracture resistance of a flame-sprayed all-ceramic crown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of 10 human upper premolar teeth were prepared for crowning using a standardised technique. Flame sprayed crowns were fabricated and cemented onto the preparations using zinc phosphate (ZPC), glass polyalkenoate (GPC) or composite luting cement (CLC). During crown seating, a pressure perfusion system simulated pulpal fluid outflow equivalent to 300mm of H2O. Compressive fracture resistance was determined for each group using a Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 1mm min(-1). A group of unrestored teeth acted as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fracture resistance of the groups ranked as follows: ZPC>CLC>>GPC=unrestored teeth. The difference between the fracture resistance of ZPC and CLC groups and the control group was statistically significant. The mode of fracture between the luted crowns and natural crowns was markedly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When tested in compression, a new, flame-sprayed all-ceramic crown, when luted in place using ZPC, GPC or CLC, could produce strengths comparable to or greater than natural unrestored teeth. The luting agent used significantly affected the recorded fracture loads.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, LS2 9LU, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Casson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Glyn Jones
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Youngson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D002484:Cementation; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D019245:Compressive Strength; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003442:Crowns; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000502:physiology; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011312:Pressure; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014070:Tooth / Q000502:physiology; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement