title: Quality of life assessment in patients who undergo sacral neuromodulation implantation for urge incontinence: an additional tool for evaluating outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the impact of sacral neuromodulation on quality of life and assessed the importance of quality of life for determining the success of sacral neuromodulation in patients with detrusor hyperactivity, including instability and hyperreflexia. We also compared it with parameters documented in a voiding diary.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1998 to December 2000, 82 female and 31 male patients 17 to 79 years old (mean age 51.1) with urge incontinence (63), urgency/frequency (5), voiding disturbance (41) and pelvic pain (4) resistant to conservative treatment were enrolled in a national prospective registry after showing a positive response to percutaneous nerve evaluation testing. Of the patients 47 who were 32 to 79 years old (mean age 59.2) with urge incontinence due to detrusor instability and 16 who were 27 to 51 years old (mean age 51.5) with hyperreflexia were asked to complete a validated self-reporting incontinence domain specific quality of life questionnaire before, and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline the quality of life index significantly improved at each followup, which strongly correlated with the decrease in the number of incontinence episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluating quality of life may be an additional useful tool for assessing the results of sacral neuromodulation for urge incontinence. Our study confirms that sacral neuromodulation is effective therapy for urge incontinence that can have a positive effect on patient quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Policlinico Multimedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Ospedale Fornaroli, Magenta, CTO/CRF/MA, Torino and Medtronic Italy, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cappellano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bertapelle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catanzaro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanollo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Seta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giardiello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011788:Quality of Life; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*