title: Potential use of tea extract as a complementary mouthwash: comparative evaluation of two commercial samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of using tea extracts as complementary mouthwash and to test the comparative efficacy of two commercial samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial with 30 healthy human volunteers was carried out. The subjects were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 6 subjects per group. The ability of Ndu tea (from Cameroon) and Lipton tea (from Nigeria) to reduce colony forming units (CFU) in the liquid expectorated after 60 seconds of gargling from the mouth of the volunteers at 5 and 60 minutes were evaluated. These were compared to the values obtained from bank water and Minty Brett (thymol 0.047%), a standard antiseptic.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy human volunteers (18 males and 12 females, between 22-30 years of age) who met the eligibility requirement of being nonsmokers and not taking any other antimicrobial agent were selected for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the bank water, the results indicated that the hot water extract of both teas significantly (p < 0.05) reduced CFU per milliliter in the liquid expectorated after gargling at both 5 and 60 minutes. Minty Brett showed higher activity than both tea extracts; however, unlike Minty Brett both extracts still reduced the CFU per milliliter at time 60 minutes (an indication of longer duration of activity). The combination of the tea extracts with sodium lauryl sulfate (1.2% w/v), a surfactant and emulsifier, significantly increased the antimicrobial activity relative to each tea alone. Comparatively, the activity of Ndu tea was found to be slightly higher than that of Lipton tea but this was not significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipton and Ndu tea extracts potently reduced the CFU per milliliter. This activity was potentiated by sodium lauryl sulfate. Although Minty Brett had more potent antimicrobial activity, both tea extracts have longer duration of activity. The results indicate the potential usefulness of tea extracts as a complementary mouthwash.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State.
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Esimone
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Adikwu
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nwafor
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Okolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002392:Catechin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013234:Stem Cells; D013662:Tea; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D002392:Catechin