title: Requirement of ATM in UVA-induced signaling and apoptosis.
abstract: Solar UVA, but not UVC, reaches the earth's surface and therefore is an important etiological factor for the induction of human skin cancer. ATM kinase is an important regulator of cell survival and cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we observe that UVA, unlike UVC, triggers ATM kinase activity, and the activation may occur through reactive oxygen species produced after irradiation of cells with UVA. We also show that ATM activation is involved in the apoptotic response to UVA but not UVC. Furthermore, we provide evidence that ATM-dependent p53 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are linked to UVA-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, UVC-induced apoptosis occurs through ATR-dependent p53 phosphorylation as well as the JNK pathway. Therefore, these results suggest that ATM, like p53, is involved in the UVA-induced apoptosis to suppress carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA.
authors.forename: Yiguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Ya
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Zigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001260:Ataxia Telangiectasia; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D013472:Sunlight; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases