title: Predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis by rapid measurement of trypsinogen-2 in urine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early identification of patients at risk of developing a severe attack of acute pancreatitis (AP) is of great importance because rapid therapeutic interventions improve outcome. At a cutoff of 50 microg/L, trypsinogen-2 measured by a rapid urinary dipstick is a sensitive and specific diagnostic test in AP. The trypsinogen-2 concentration correlates with the severity of the disease, and a test with a higher cutoff might therefore be useful for prediction of disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We increased the detection limit of the urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip (Actim Pancreatitis) from 50 microg/L to 2000 microg/L and evaluated the prognostic value of this test. The results were compared with those obtained with serum C-reactive protein and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score. The study population consisted of 150 consecutive patients with AP (42 with severe disease).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of the rapid urinary test strip (detection limit, 2000 microg/L) for prediction of severe AP, both on admission and at 24 h, was 62%; specificities were 87% and 85%, respectively, positive predictive values were 65% and 62%, and negative predictive values were 85% and 85%. C-Reactive protein had a sensitivity of only 38% on admission, but at 24 h, it was 83%; specificities were 90% and 70%, respectively, whereas positive predictive values were 59% and 52%, and NPVs were 79% and 91%, respectively. On admission the positive-likelihood ratio for the urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip was 4.8, and at 24 h it was 4.2; for C-reactive protein, the values were 3.7 and 2.7, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick is a simple and rapid method for prediction of severe acute pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, University Central Hospital Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lempinen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kylänpää-Bäck
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Stenman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haapiainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korvuo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014357:Trypsin; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: C064831:PRSS2 protein, human; D014362:Trypsinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D014357:Trypsin