title: DNA vaccines: capacity to induce auto-immunity and tolerance.
abstract: DNA technology has facilitated the development of plasmid-based vaccines designed to prevent viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. The rapid transition of these novel vaccines from the laboratory to the clinic raises important safety concerns. Our review examines whether DNA vaccines (i) are likely to induce systemic or organ-specific auto-immune disease and (ii) have the potential to induce tolerance rather than immunity.
authors.affiliation: Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Klinman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamstrup
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012449:Safety; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D019444:Vaccines, DNA