title: Relationship between autonomic function, 24-h blood pressure, and albuminuria in normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: We performed a battery of cardiovascular reflex tests, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) and 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in 116 normoalbuminuric and normotensive patients with Type 1 diabetes. Tests of heart rate variation (HRV) included the coefficient of variation (CV) and the low-frequency (LF), mid-frequency (MF), and high-frequency (HF) bands of spectral analysis at rest, HRV during deep breathing (CV, mean circular resultant--MCR), Valsalva ratio, and maximum/minimum 30:15 ratio. Autonomic neuropathy, characterized as an abnormality of more than two tests, was found in 33 patients. Patients with neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy showed significantly higher mean day and night diastolic blood pressure (dBP), mean systolic night blood pressure (sBP), and mean day and night heart rate (HR). Mean night dBP was inversely related to MF, HF, and HRV during deep breathing; mean day dBP and mean night sBP to HF; mean night HR to CV at rest, MF, HF, HRV during deep breathing, 30:15 ratio; mean day HR to HF, HRV during deep breathing, Valsalva, and 30:15 ratio. Mean 24-h UAE was not significantly different in neuropathic than in nonneuropathic patients. UAE was inversely related to CV at rest and HF. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, reduced MF, HF, HRV during deep breathing, and high levels of UAE and HbA1c were associated with high night dBP. Autonomic neuropathy is already present in normotensive Type 1 diabetic patients at the normoalbuminuric stage and related to BP and albuminuria.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Vuk Vrhovac, Dugi dol 4a, Zagreb, Croatia. leasmircic-duvnjak@idb.hr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duvnjak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vucković
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Car
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Metelko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin