title: Calculation of induced current densities for humans by magnetic fields from electronic article surveillance devices.
abstract: This paper illustrates the use of the impedance method to calculate the electric fields and current densities induced in millimetre resolution anatomic models of the human body, namely an adult and 10- and 5-year-old children, for exposure to nonuniform magnetic fields typical of two assumed but representative electronic article surveillance (EAS) devices at 1 and 30 kHz, respectively. The devices assumed for the calculations are a solenoid type magnetic deactivator used at store checkouts and a pass-by panel-type EAS system consisting of two overlapping rectangular current-carrying coils used at entry and exit from a store. The impedance method code is modified to obtain induced current densities averaged over a cross section of 1 cm2 perpendicular to the direction of induced currents. This is done to compare the peak current densities with the limits or the basic restrictions given in the ICNIRP safety guidelines. Because of the stronger magnetic fields at lower heights for both the assumed devices, the peak 1 cm2 area-averaged current densities for the CNS tissues such as the brain and the spinal cord are increasingly larger for smaller models and are the highest for the model of the 5-year-old child. For both the EAS devices, the maximum 1 cm2 area-averaged current densities for the brain of the model of the adult are lower than the ICNIRP safety guideline, but may approach or exceed the ICNIRP basic restrictions for models of 10- and 5-year-old children if sufficiently strong magnetic fields are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-9206, USA. gandhi@ee.utah.edu
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006794:Household Articles; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009928:Organ Specificity; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011830:Radiation Effects