title: Circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations in patients with end-stage renal disease: role of brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker for ventricular remodeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine levels of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to examine the relationship of these cardiovascular peptides to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and to cardiac mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twelve dialysis patients without clinical evidence of congestive heart failure underwent plasma measurement of NP concentrations and echocardiographic investigation for left ventricular mass index (LVMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations correlated positively with LVMI and inversely with left ventricular ejection fraction, whereas C-type NP and Dendroaspis NP levels did not correlate with LVMI. In dialysis patients with LVH (LVMI >125 g/m2), plasma ANP and BNP concentrations were increased compared with those in dialysis patients without LVH (both P<001). In a subset of 15 dialysis patients without LVH or other concomitant diseases, plasma BNP concentrations were not significantly increased compared with those in 35 controls (mean +/- SD, 20.1+/-13.4 vs 13.5+/-9.6 pg/mL; P=.06), demonstrating that the BNP concentration was not increased by renal dysfunction alone. Furthermore, the BNP level was significantly higher in the 16 patients who died from cardiovascular causes compared with survivors (mean +/- SD, 129+/-13 vs 57+/-7 pg/mL; P<.003) and was significantly associated with greater risk of cardiovascular death in Cox regression analysis (P<.001), as was the ANP level (P=.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevation of the plasma BNP concentration is more specifically related to LVH compared with the other NP levels in patients with ESRD independent of congestive heart failure. Thus, BNP serves as an important plasma biomarker for ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients with ESRD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA. cataliotti.alessandro@mayo.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cataliotti
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Malatino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jougasaki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoccali
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castellino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giacone
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bellanuova
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tripepi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seminara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parlongo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stancanelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonanno
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fatuzzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rapisarda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belluardo
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Signorelli
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Heublein
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lainchbury
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Leskinen
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Redfield
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Burnett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor