title: Magnetic-resonance-guided percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the feasibility of percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumours monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, Norway
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous cryoprobe positioning under general anaesthesia. Positioning and freezing monitored by near-real-time MRI using an open 0.5 Tesla MRI configuration system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Safety and feasibility of the procedure. Measurement of volumes of cryolesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient developed a biliary leakage that had to be drained. Four patients developed pleural fluid. Two small tumours were adequately cryoablated. In the remaining 4 patients with large (>4 cm) tumours, an adequate cryolesion could not be formed. Cryolesion volumes larger than 105 cm3 were not produced even using 3-4 probes. MRI visualised the growing cryolesion well, but positioning of the cryoprobes was time-consuming.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR guided cryoablation is clinically feasible and gives good visualisation of the procedure. Patients with small tumours (<3 cm) seem to be best suited to this percutaneous approach as cryolesion volumes claimed to be adequate for tumour destruction can be produced. Measurement of tumour volume preoperatively may help to select patients who will respond.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department/ Interventional Center, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway. tom.mala@rikshospitalet.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mala
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samset
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gladhaug
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hol
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fosse
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mathisen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Søreide
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures