title: A comparison of the effects of organophosphate insecticide exposure and temperature stress on fluctuating asymmetry and life history traits in Culex quinquefasciatus.
abstract: Effects of exposure to a non-chemical (temperature) or chemical (organophosphate insecticide) stressor during larval development were compared in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Stress was measured in two ways: using conventional life history traits (survival, development time and a measure of body size) and by calculating the degree of developmental instability from the departure from bilateral symmetry of wing characters (fluctuating asymmetry). Increasing insecticide dose, but not temperature, was observed to elevate wing fluctuating asymmetry in male but not female mosquitoes. Insecticide treatment reduced survival and was associated with a significant reduction in wing trait sizes in both females and males but did not significantly affect development time. Temperature was associated with a significant reduction in all life history traits in both sexes. Therefore wing fluctuating asymmetry in C. quinquefasciatus cannot be used as a general biomonitor of all stress, although it may have potential as a more specific monitor of chemical stress. It needs to be complimented with other measures such as life history and biochemical methods. The significant differences in response between sexes may impact on results of short-term larval exposures to insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Division of Zoology, School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mpho
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001699:Biometry; D001824:Body Constitution; D003465:Culex / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D011157:Population Dynamics; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000002:Temefos / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013696:Temperature; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000002:Temefos