title: A Two-stage bipodal screening model for universal neonatal hearing screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A model is proposed for universal neonatal hearing screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  The screening model is two-staged because it consists of a first test and, in case of failure (1.4% of the subjects), of a retest 3 weeks later. It is bipodal because it involves both the hospital audiologic department and a central Well Baby Organization. The idea is to have a maximal number of newborns tested at the maternity by trained audiologists and to have the Well Baby Organization trace and chase the missing subjects. The model has been evaluated during 1 calendar year (1999) in a maternity with 2,012 newborns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result is a coverage of 99.3%. Most newborns (97.3%) were tested at the maternity ward with a total time investment of less than 15 minutes per child. The actual test time is 2 minutes, 12 seconds (median value). The Well Baby Organization keeps track of all the results and has to test no more than 2% of the newborns. Sensitivity and specificity were not the primary outcomes of this evaluation, but they were similar to those of a previous study evaluating the screen procedure on a larger scale, giving a sensitivity of approximately 100% and a false alarm rate of 1/1,000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These figures demonstrate that universal neonatal hearing screening is feasible within the existing health care structure, with unprecedented coverage, sensitivity, and specificity.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Otolaryngology, St. Augustinus Hospital, University of Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, B-2610 Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Govaerts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yperman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Ceulaer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daemers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Driessche
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Somers
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Offeciers
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results