title: Enhanced apoptosis and radiosensitization by combined 13-cis-retinoic acid and interferon-alpha2a; role of RAR-beta gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Combined use of 13-cis-retinoic acid (cRA) and interferon-alpha2a (IFNalpha) induced significant radiosensitization in human cervical cancer ME-180 cell line, whereas it failed to achieve similar radiation enhancement in HeLa cells. The differential radiosensitization could be from the difference of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) expression because RAR-beta was highly expressed in ME-180 cells in contrast to the HeLa cells where RAR-beta was not detectable. We examined the role of this gene in mediating radiosensitization by cRA and IFNalpha, and explored the mechanism of radiation-induced cell killing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human cervical cancer cell lines, ME-180 and HeLa, were treated with cRA and IFNalpha followed by radiation. Apoptosis and radiosensitization were quantitated by TUNEL assay (in situ DNA nick end labeling) and colony-forming ability of surviving cells. The cells were transfected with bcl-2 gene and RAR-beta gene to test the role of these genes in mediating radiosensitization and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synergistic radiosensitization and apoptosis was observed by combined use of cRA and IFNalpha with radiation in ME-180 cells which express high level of RAR-beta mRNA, whereas these were not seen in HeLa cells where RAR-beta mRNA is not detectable. Both radiosensitization and apoptosis were abolished by bcl-2 gene in ME-180 cells. RAR-beta gene transfection induced similar radiation enhancement and apoptosis in HeLa cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apoptosis and radiation response were enhanced in the cells with high level of RAR-beta mRNA expression. The RAR-beta gene appears to mediate the radiation-induced apoptosis by cRA and IFNalpha. These findings indicate that presence of RAR-beta in the cancer cells could be exploited for patient selection in using these drugs for apoptosis and radiosensitization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse, USA. sryu1@hfhs.org
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D015474:Isotretinoin