title: Clinical pharmacology of higher dose eptifibatide in percutaneous coronary intervention (the PRIDE study).
abstract: This study describes the dose-exploration phase of the PRIDE trial, an investigation of the clinical pharmacology of higher dose eptifibatide in patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Outcomes of treatment with the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were dependent upon proper dosing selection. In this multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical study, 127 patients were randomized 1:1:2:2 into 1 of the following treatment groups: placebo; eptifibatide as a 135 microg/kg bolus followed by a 0.75 microg/kg/min infusion; eptifibatide as a 180 microg/kg bolus with a 2.0 microg/kg/min infusion; or eptifibatide as a 250 microg/kg bolus with a 3.0 microg/kg/min infusion. Light transmission aggregometry was used to determine platelet aggregation in response to 20 microM adenosine diphosphate, and platelet receptor occupancy was also determined. Eptifibatide exhibited linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range studied. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was greater in samples collected in sodium citrate compared with those collected in D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone. The 180/2.0 dosing regimen achieved 90% inhibition of platelet aggregation immediately (5 minutes) and at steady state (8 to 24 hours). At 1 hour, mean inhibition of platelet aggregation was 80%. Eptifibatide exhibited dose-dependent pharmacodynamics that were dependent upon choice of anticoagulant. A 180 microg/kg bolus followed by a 2.0 microg/kg/min infusion at steady state achieved >80% inhibition of platelet aggregation. With the single-bolus regimen, however, there was an early loss of the inhibition of platelet aggregation before steady state was reached. Additional dose-exploration studies may further optimize eptifibatide dosing.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA. tchen001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tcheng
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Talley
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kleiman
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Grines
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lincoff
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kitt
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lorenz
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000991:Antithrombins; D010455:Peptides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; C040308:phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone; D000077542:Eptifibatide