title: Effect of oral midazolam premedication on the awakening concentration of sevoflurane, recovery times and bispectral index in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to determine the influence of preoperative oral midazolam on: (i) measures of anaesthetic emergence; (ii) recovery times and (iii) intraoperative bispectral index (BIS) measurements during sevoflurane/N2O anaesthesia in paediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients, aged 1-10 years, ASA I-II, were enrolled in a prospective double-blinded study. Patients were randomized to receive either midazolam 0.5 mg.kg(-1) (M) or midazolam vehicle (P) as premedication. After inhalation induction and intubation, expired sevoflurane was stabilized at 3% in 60% N2O and the corresponding BIS (BIS I) recorded. At the completion of surgery, sevoflurane was stabilized at 0.5% and the BIS (BIS E) again recorded. Awakening time, expired sevoflurane/N2O awakening concentrations and recovery times were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between groups in awakening time, sevoflurane or N2O awakening concentrations, time to PACU discharge, time to hospital discharge or in BIS I and BIS E measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. keith.brosius@emory.org
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Brosius
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bannister
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D001944:Breath Tests; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam