title: Combination bacteriolytic therapy for the treatment of experimental tumors.
abstract: Current chemotherapeutic approaches for cancer are in part limited by the inability of drugs to destroy neoplastic cells within poorly vascularized compartments of tumors. We have here systematically assessed anaerobic bacteria for their capacity to grow expansively within avascular compartments of transplanted tumors. Among 26 different strains tested, one (Clostridium novyi) appeared particularly promising. We created a strain of C. novyi devoid of its lethal toxin (C. novyi-NT) and showed that intravenously injected C. novyi-NT spores germinated within the avascular regions of tumors in mice and destroyed surrounding viable tumor cells. When C. novyi-NT spores were administered together with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, extensive hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors often developed within 24 h, resulting in significant and prolonged antitumor effects. This strategy, called combination bacteriolytic therapy (COBALT), has the potential to add a new dimension to the treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bettegowda
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Huso
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kinzler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogelstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000254:growth & development*; D003013:Clostridium / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents