title: Female alcoholism: differences between female alcoholics with and without a history of additional substance misuse.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, as well as occurrence of personality disorder criteria, family characteristics, and criminal activity as related to misuse pattern in a sample of female in-patients with severe alcohol dependence. In accordance with theoretical assumptions and empirical findings of underlying neurobiological correlates of disinhibition in individuals with double or multiple misuse patterns, the female alcoholics were divided into subgroups with: (1) alcohol as their single drug of misuse (ALC; n = 16); (2) a history of additional substance misuse (ALC-DRUG; n = 11). Platelet MAO activity of the female subgroups was studied in comparison to a control group of non-clinical female subjects. Marked differences were obtained between the two subgroups. The ALC-DRUG females scored significantly higher with regard to Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) impulsiveness, anxiety-related traits, and non-conformity, displayed higher frequency of depression in first degree relatives, were more frequently involved in criminal activity, and more frequently diagnosed for any personality disorder according to DSM-IV, axis II. Finally, the ALC-DRUG females displayed significantly lower platelet MAO activity than controls. In conclusion, the results support the usefulness of a classification of severe alcoholic female subjects according to having/not having a history of additional substance misuse. The present female alcoholics with a history of additional misuse formed a group of individuals fulfilling the criteria similar for male type 2 alcoholism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala Academic Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: af Klinteberg
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000097:blood; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D008995:Monoamine Oxidase