title: Lin-Telaranta classification: the importance of different procedures for different indications in sympathetic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The second sympathetic thoracic ganglion has long been regarded as the most important structure in all sympathetic procedures for any indication, be it hand sweating, blushing, or social phobia. Earlier, we had found an interesting new basis for the selection of more specific methods in individual disorders. The aim of the present study was to either confirm the old theory or to bring forward a more appropriate theory for sympathetic surgery to be used as a classified method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether 193 patients were treated in Taiwan and 55 in Finland according to the new selective principle. Endoscopic sympathetic block of the second thoracic ganglion (ESB 2) was used as a method for conflicted type of social phobia or blushing for 25 patients. ESB 3 was used for facial sweating and blushing for 55 patients. ESB 4 was used for hand and axillary sweating for 168 patients. Reflex sweating was taken as the most important sign of unsuccessful surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients benefited of the procedure in their presenting symptoms. Four of 25 cases in ESB 2 -group and three of 55 cases in ESB 3 -group had unacceptable reflex sweating. No patient with reflex sweating was found in ESB 4 -group. These results confirm our previous findings, that sympathetic nerves innervate the human body in similar dermatome fashion as the peripheral nervous system. According to this, we organized the various sympathetic disorders into three main categories: those restricted within the head, like conflicted type social phobia and conflicted type blushing, to Group 1; those on the head and face, like sweating with or without blushing, to Group 2; and those in the hands and underarms to Group 3. The principle of different surgical procedures for different disorders of the sympathetic system are proposed: ESB 2 for Group 1, ESB 3 for Group 2, and ESB 4 for Group 3 disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We call this new classification "Lin-Telaranta classification". Not only the incidence of complication rates is lowered but also the side effects can be predicted by the Lin-Telaranta classification in sympathetic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Taiwan. scipio54@ms46.hinet.net
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Telaranta
mesh_terms: D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000145:classification*; D001821:Blushing; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000601:surgery; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000601:surgery; D013562:Sympathectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome