title: The accuracy of physical diagnostic tests for assessing meniscal lesions of the knee: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our systematic review summarizes the evidence about the accuracy of those tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a literature search of MEDLINE (1966-1999) and EMBASE (1988-1999) with additional reference tracking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles written in English, French, German, or Dutch, that addressed the accuracy of at least one physical diagnostic test for meniscus injury with arthrotomy, arthroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging as the gold standard were included. We excluded studies if no reference group or only test-positives had been included, if the study pertained to cadavers only, or if only physical examination under anesthesia was considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed the methodologic quality, and abstracted data using a standardized protocol. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for each test, and summary estimates when appropriate and possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 402 identified studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The results of the index and reference tests were assessed independently (blindly) of each other in only 2 studies, and in all studies verification bias seemed to be present. The study results were highly heterogeneous The summary receiver operating characteristic curves of the assessment of joint effusion, the McMurray test and joint line tenderness indicated little discriminative power for these tests. Only the predictive value of a positive McMurray test was favorable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodologic quality of studies addressing the diagnostic accuracy of meniscal tests was poor, and the results were highly heterogeneous. The poor characteristics indicate that these tests are of little value for clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Dutch Cochrane Centre, J2-229, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands. R.J.Scholten@AMC.UvA.NL
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Devillé
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Opstelten
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bijl
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: van der Plas
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000592:standards; D015982:Bias; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries