title: A pilot study of the continuous glucose monitoring system: clinical decisions and glycemic control after its use in pediatric type 1 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (MiniMed, Sylmar, CA) could be used to make clinical decisions and whether it has an impact on glycemia in pediatric type 1 diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric subjects were recruited if they had HbA(1c) >8.0% with management problems (n = 35) or episodes of severe or nocturnal hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia unawareness associated with HbA(1c) < or =8.0% (n = 12). A total of 47 patients with a mean HbA(1c) value of 8.6 +/- 1.6% (mean age 11.8 +/- 4.6 years, youngest 2.7 years, and diabetes duration 5.5 +/- 3.5 years) on three to four insulin injections/day (n = 24) or insulin pump therapy (n = 23) were followed with the CGMS for a mean of 69.5 +/- 28 h. Comparisons were made between the number of high (>150 mg/dl) and low (<70 mg/dl) glucose patterns discerned with the sensor or the logbook, and HbA(1c) levels were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients on injection therapy, 30 high or low glucose patterns were discerned with the logbook records and 120 patterns with the CGMS. Specific alterations of the diabetes regimen were made. An overall significant change in HbA(1c), from 3 months before wearing the sensor to 6 months after (analysis of variance 0.04), was found in the subjects. Post hoc analysis showed a significant change in HbA(1c) from 8.6 +/- 1.5% at baseline to 8.4 +/- 1.3% at 3 months (paired Student's t test 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CGMS can be used by pediatric patients to detect abnormal patterns of glycemia. The information that was obtained could be used to alter the diabetes regimen and impact glycemic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. fkaufman@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halvorson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pitukcheewanont
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin