title: KAI1 metastasis suppressor gene is frequently down-regulated in cervical carcinoma.
abstract: KAI1 is a metastasis suppressor gene located on human chromosome 11p11.2. It belongs to a structurally distinct family of cell surface glycoproteins. Decreased KAI1 expression has been observed in several common solid epithelial tumors, including prostatic, pancreatic, lung, hepatic, colorectal, ovarian, and esophageal cancers. A recent study also observed frequent loss of KAI1 expression in a number of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix by immunohistochemical technique. To further confirm whether this gene is altered in this malignancy, we analyzed KAI1 expression in various stages of cervical carcinoma by a molecular method. Total cellular RNA was extracted from 84 primary invasive cervical carcinomas and 6 metastatic or recurrent lesions. cDNA was synthesized and was used for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The level of KAI1 expression was obtained as the value of threshold cycle (Ct) and was quantitated with a comparative Ct method. In addition, paraffin blocks of the tumors were selected and prepared for immunohistochemical study with an anti-KAI1 polyclonal antibody, C-16. Both the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method and immunohistochemical study revealed a frequent decrease in KAI1 expression in invasive cervical cancers and metastatic or recurrent lesions. However, the reduction in KAI1 was not related to progression of the disease. When tumor cell differentiation was analyzed, poorly differentiated tumors showed a greater decrease in KAI1 expression than well or moderately differentiated tumors (P < 0.001). Histologically, KAI1 loss was observed equally in both squamous cell carcinoma and adeno-/adenosquamous carcinoma. Since down-regulation of KAI1 occurs in both early and late stages of cervical cancer, we suggest that its involvement in the progression of this malignancy is an early event.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China. fdliu@vghtc.gov.tw
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012016:Reference Values; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C497688:CD82 protein, human; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins