title: Differentiating between low and high susceptibility to schizophrenia in twins: the significance of dermatoglyphic indices in relation to other determinants of brain development.
abstract: Both the skin and the brain develop from the same ectoderm and it is thought, therefore, that dermatoglyphics are informative for early disturbances in brain development in schizophrenia. This study was aimed at investigating the differences in both digital and palmar dermatoglyphic indices between twins discordant for schizophrenia and control twins. Furthermore, the significance of dermatoglyphic indices in relation to other determinants of brain development with regard to the susceptibility to schizophrenia was investigated. Data on dermatoglyphic indices of the hand and the palm were obtained from 21 same-sex discordant and 37 same-sex control twins. For 19 discordant and 25 control twins, there was also data available on brain volumes. Non-genetic intra-uterine circumstances early in pregnancy (10-13 weeks of gestation) are associated with a susceptibility to schizophrenia, since both the twins with schizophrenia and the unaffected co-twins showed more fluctuating asymmetry of the finger ridges (P<0.01), and marginally higher absolute finger ridge counts (P=0.06) than control twin pairs. Fluctuating asymmetry of the finger ridges was as important as whole brain and left hippocampal volumes in differentiating twins with a high susceptibility to schizophrenia from those with a low susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. c.vanoel@lumc.nl
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Oel
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Baaré
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hulshoff Pol
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balazs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dingemans
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sitskoorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic