FHY1: a phytochrome A-specific signal transducer.
Phytochromes are plant photoreceptors that regulate plant growth and development with respect to the light environment. Following the initial light-perception event, the phytochromes initiate a signal-transduction process that eventually results in alterations in cellular behavior, including gene expression. Here we describe the molecular cloning and functional characterization of Arabidopsis FHY1. FHY1 encodes a product (FHY1) that specifically transduces signals downstream of the far-red (FR) light-responsive phytochrome A (PHYA) photoreceptor. We show that FHY1 is a novel light-regulated protein that accumulates in dark (D)-grown but not in FR-grown hypocotyl cells. In addition, FHY1 transcript levels are regulated by light, and by the product of FHY3, another gene implicated in FR signaling. These observations indicate that FHY1 function is both FR-signal transducing and FR-signal regulated, suggesting a negative feedback regulation of FHY1 function. Seedlings homozygous for loss-of-function fhy1 alleles are partially blind to FR, whereas seedlings overexpressing FHY1 exhibit increased responses to FR, but not to white (WL) or red (R) light. The increased FR-responses conferred by overexpression of FHY1 are abolished in a PHYA-deficient mutant background, showing that FHY1 requires a signal from PHYA for function, and cannot modulate growth independently of PHYA.
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John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Whitelam
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Harberd
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D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D020451:Contig Mapping; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007438:Introns; D008027:Light; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C441269:FHY1 protein, Arabidopsis; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D010834:Phytochrome; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase