title: Postoperative analgesia is not different after local vs systemic administration of meloxicam in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To distinguish between local and systemic drug effects, we compared pain scores, analgesic consumption and plasma concentrations after local vs i.v. administration of meloxicam 7.5 mg in patients with inguinal hernia repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, randomized study 56 patients received either local or i.v. meloxicam 7.5 mg. Postoperative pain was assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest, on mobilization, and on coughing, the need for supplementary analgesics (fentanyl i.v. and/or acetaminophen-codeine tablets) was recorded, and blood samples were drawn during 24 hr after meloxicam administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between groups with respect to pain scores, or in the consumption of supplementary analgesics. Following local application of meloxicam, the peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of 0.5 +/- 0.2 mg*L(-1) achieved after 1.8 +/- 0.5 hr was much lower than the C(max) of 2.5 +/- 0.9 mg*L(-1) achieved immediately after i.v. administration (P <0.05). Mean meloxicam plasma concentration after infiltration was significantly lower than after i.v. doses for the first three hours after administration (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed no differences in pain scores and analgesic consumption between local and i.v. administration of meloxicam 7.5 mg during the first 24 hr after herniorrhaphy, while plasma concentration of meloxicam was lower after local administration. These results indicate a lack of difference in pain relief after concentrating meloxicam at the hernia wound or after achieving high blood levels rapidly (i.v.). Local administration of meloxicam may confer an advantage over systemic administration by eliciting lower incidences of systemic adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark. jr@dfh.dk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rømsing
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mysager
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vilmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sonne
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: stergaard
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D000077239:Meloxicam; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077239:Meloxicam