The human membrane progesterone receptor gene: genomic structure and promoter analysis.
Rapid, nongenomic effects of steroids are likely to be mediated by membrane receptors not by intracellular steroid receptors. We recently identified a progesterone membrane binding protein (mPR) from human liver. The corresponding hmpr gene is comprised of 3 exons and 2 introns. The promoter sequence of hmpr lacks a typical TATA box but contains instead a high homology to a transcription Initiatior consensus sequence, which overlaps the experimentally determined transcriptional start site. The major proximal promoter is GC-rich and sequence analysis revealed a CpG island spanning the transcriptional start site. Several putative cis-regulatory DNA-motifs, which represent possible binding sites for transcription factors like AP2, NF-AT, Ahr/Arnt and C/EBP were identified in the genomic upstream region by sequence homology. Functional analysis of differently deleted fragments of the hmpr upstream region in a GFP-reportergene assay in transiently transfected cultured cells indicates the general testability of the hmpr promoter in vivo.
Bernauer
S
S
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68135 Mannheim, Germany.
Wehling
M
M
Gerdes
D
D
Falkenstein
E
E
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006224:Cricetinae; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015894:Genome, Human; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics*
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins