title: Poliovirus circulation among schoolchildren during the early phase of the 1992-1993 poliomyelitis outbreak in The Netherlands.
abstract: During the 1992-1993 outbreak of poliomyelitis in The Netherlands, we examined 866 childrenat 7 schools for evidence of infection with the outbreak virus, poliovirus type 3(PV3), to determine the extent of the outbreak and the protection of the herd immunity. Seventy-seven children (8.9%) showed evidence of recent wild-type PV3 infection, as determined by virus isolation and/or poliovirus type-specific IgM assay. Most infected children lived in the same area as the index case patient, attended an orthodox-reformed (OR) primary school, and had not been vaccinated. At the OR school, as many as 22% of children immunized with inactive poliovirus vaccine were found to have evidence of recent infection, which is a significantly lower rate than that among unvaccinated children (59.5%). No evidence of vaccination was seen in 25.5%-43.1% of children at OR schools. Seroprevalence of antibodies against the 3 types of poliovirus suggested that no poliovirus circulation had occurred between the 1978 and 1992-1993 outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. p.oostvogel@mchaaglanden.nl
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Oostvogel
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Rumke
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Conyn-Van Spaendonck
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: van der Avoort
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburg
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Loon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines; D012574:Schools
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines