title: Possible existence of common internalization mechanisms among arginine-rich peptides.
abstract: Basic peptides such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat-(48-60) and Drosophila Antennapedia-(43-58) have been reported to have a membrane permeability and a carrier function for intracellular protein delivery. We have shown that not only Tat-(48-60) but many arginine-rich peptides, including HIV-1 Rev-(34-50) and octaarginine (Arg(8)), efficiently translocated through the cell membranes and worked as protein carriers (Futaki, S., Suzuki, T., Ohashi, W., Yagami, T., Tanaka, S., Ueda, K., and Sugiura, Y. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 5836-5840). Quantification and time course analyses of the cellular uptake of the above peptides by mouse macrophage RAW264.7, human cervical carcinoma HeLa, and simian kidney COS-7 cells revealed that Rev-(34-50) and Arg(8) had a comparable translocation efficiency to Tat-(48-60). Internalization of Tat-(48-60) and Rev-(34-50) was saturable and inhibited by the excess addition of the other peptide. Typical endocytosis and metabolic inhibitors had little effect on the internalization. The uptake of these peptides was significantly inhibited in the presence of heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C. Treatment of the cells with the anti-heparan sulfate antibody or heparinase III also lowered the translocation of these peptides. These results strongly suggest that the arginine-rich basic peptides share a certain part of the internalization pathway.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shiroh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Futaki
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004330:Drosophila / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003287:Contrast Media; D019793:Fluorescein; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010455:Peptides; D011134:Polysaccharides