title: Surgical treatment of pacemaker induced left innominate vein occlusion using a spiral vein graft.
abstract: Superior vena cava syndrome due to transvenous pacing leads is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication. This case involves a 54-year-old man who developed left innominate vein occlusion due to a pacemaker lead. This complication induced a progressive swelling on the left side of his face, neck, arm, and upper chest. The left innominate vein occlusion was surgically treated using a composite spiral saphenous vein graft. Postoperatively, the patient has received anticoagulation therapy with warfarin to prevent thrombosis and, thereby, the long-term patency of the graft. He has undergone follow-up on a regular outpatient basis without showing any recurrence of clinical symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. rtc-ryo@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oku
mesh_terms: D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods