[Brief video-assisted observation of visual attention, facial expression, and motor skills for diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)].
Can video assisted observation of visual attention, facial expression and motor skills contribute to the diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? 20 children from 6 to 10 years of age, diagnosed for ADHD following the DSM-IV criteria, and an age and sex matched control group of 20 children with harmless upper airway infections were filmed during 3 minutes playing cards with their mothers and 7 minutes of oral arithmetic exercises. Two persons were trained for eight hours in recognizing 22 signs for visual attention loss, alterated facial expression like oversized and sustained smile and abnormal motor skills in ADHD-patient videos. Then they viewed minutes 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 of the 40 children in a randomized sequence and scored the signs. 8 of the 22 signs showed high (r > .75) and 9 showed medium (r > .6) interrater correlations. The presence of signs in the ADHD and in the control group was highly significantly different (a = 0.01, U-Test of Mann and Whitney) for 10 of the 22 signs and significantly different for other 4 signs (a = 0.05). The four field table comparison between the frequency of the signs showed correct positioning in 80% of all cases. The loss of visual attention was the most frequent sign in ADHD children. The signs of alterated facial expression were also among the highly correlated signs. These are used by us to find the individual dose for stimulant medication.
Kühle
H J
HJ
Praxis für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Ostanlage 2, 35390 Giessen. hans.kuehle@t-online.de
Hoch
C
C
Rautzenberg
P
P
Jansen
F
F
D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014741:Video Recording