title: Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid and dietary antibiotics as growth promotants in weanling pigs.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a growth promotant in weanling swine. Weanling pigs (n = 192; 7.6 kg and 29 d of age) were randomly assigned to four treatments that were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial. Concentrations of dietary CLA (0 or 0.6%) and antibiotics (+/-) constituted the main effect variables. Dietary CLA treatments consisted of a 1% addition of an oil containing 60% CLA isomers or 1% soybean oil, and dietary antibiotic treatments were antibiotics or no antibiotics. The experimental diets were fed for 9 wk in four phases (1, wk 1; 2, wk 2 and 3; 3, wk 4 through 6; and 4, wk 7 through 9), after which all pigs were fed identical medicated diets for the duration of the finishing phase. Live weights were recorded at wk 17 postweaning and at marketing to determine any residual effects of dietary treatments on finisher ADG and days to market. Medicated diets fed during phases 1 and 2 contained 55 mg carbadox/kg; during phase 3 contained 299 mg tilmicosin/kg; and during phase 4 contained 110 mg tylosin and 110 mg sulfamethazine/kg. Pigs fed medicated diets had higher overall ADG than pigs fed unmedicated diets for wk 0 through 9 (P < 0.03). Gain:feed (G:F) was greater for pigs fed medicated diets than for pigs fed unmedicated diets during phase 1 (P < 0.03) and for the duration of the nursery phase (P < 0.03). There were no effects of CLA on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. There were no residual effects of nursery CLA or antibiotics on finisher ADG and days to market. Blood samples collected from a subset of pigs (n = 72) at the completion of phases 2, 3, and 4 were assayed for serum IGF-I and antibody concentrations to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. There was a tendency for pigs fed medicated diets to have greater IGF-I concentrations than pigs fed unmedicated diets at the completion of phase 4 (P < 0.06). Pigs fed CLA had greater antibody titers (P < 0.02) to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at d 63 than pigs fed diets without CLA. These results indicate that feeding 0.6% dietary CLA did not enhance growth performance in weanling swine and that the use of dietary antibiotics can increase production efficiency in nursery pigs. Furthermore, there were no interactions between CLA and dietary antibiotics on the variables addressed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schinckel
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Houseknecht
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Richert
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004350:Drug Residues; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000276:immunology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019787:Linoleic Acid