title: [Ektopic ureter - a not considered cause of persisting enuresis in girls].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectopic ureter - especially in a duplicated collecting renal system - is a specific cause of incontinence in young girls. Although the symptom of continuous dribbling of urine is characteristic for this malformation, diagnosis is often delayed, as the possibility of ectopic ureters is not considered in treating girls with delayed toilet training.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the case of a young girl with a variety of unnecessary invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures due to a misunderstood "enuresis", before incontinence was cured by upper pole heminephrectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Girls, who never have been dry and who loose urine all the time do have an ectopic ureter, unless evidence to the contrary has been put forward. Only considering the possibility of ectopic ureters will avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in these girls.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Universitätsklinik und * Universitätskinderklinik Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. gzoeller@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zöller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zappel
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ringert
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004775:Enuresis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D009392:Nephrectomy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014567:Urography; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities*