title: Natural history of vesicoureteral reflux in girls after age 5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expectations concerning the likelihood that vesicoureteral reflux will resolve during a given interval are predominantly based on experience with children younger than 5 years. We assess the natural course of vesicoureteral reflux in girls older than 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the diagnostic and followup cystograms, medical records and renal imaging studies of 200 girls with vesicoureteral reflux, of whom 97 were diagnosed before age 60 months and 103 were diagnosed at or after age 60 months. Vesicoureteral reflux was considered to have resolved when a followup radionuclide cystogram demonstrated no reflux.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vesicoureteral reflux demonstrated at or after age 60 months by a radionuclide or radiographic examination (index study) resolved in 43% of cases during a mean followup interval of 41 months. The yearly percent chance of resolution approached or exceeded 20% through age 11 years. For girls with moderate vesicoureteral reflux on the index study unilateral moderate vesicoureteral reflux was associated with a higher overall percent chance of resolution and a shorter time from index study to resolution. Evidence of new or progressive parenchymal injury was not indicated in any of 92 girls who underwent serial renal ultrasonograms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vesicoureteral reflux resolution continues after age 5 years at a rate similar to that in younger children. Continued medical management in the anticipation of spontaneous resolution is safe and appropriate for most patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Drubach
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Cilento
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Treves
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology