title: [Combined liver and kidney transplantation: indications and long-term follow-up].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients suffering from chronic liver and kidney disease combined liver-kidney transplantation is the only therapeutic option. However, in these patients, it is mandatory to distinguish between chronic and acute renal failure prior to transplantation, because acute renal failure may recover after successful liver transplantation. In this study we investigated the indications and results of this combined procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on 27 patients who underwent liver and kidney transplantation. The underlying diseases were viral hepatitis (n = 12), polycystic liver and kidney disease (n = 9), primary hyperoxaluria (n = 4), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 2) with end-stage renal disease due to glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy or renal failure caused by nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation. Nine patients had lymphocytotoxic antibodies and 5/27 patients had a positive crossmatch pretransplant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died due to bleeding complications, two patients lost the kidney graft due to initial non-function or technical problems. The incidence of acute and steroid-resistant rejections was 60% and 20% in patients with a positive cross-match compared to 32% and 14% in negative cross-match transplants. Only two patients experienced a rejection episode of the kidney (3.7%). No hyperacute rejection of the kidney graft occurred. Long-term patients and graft survival was not impaired in the presence of a positive cross-match. The 1- and 5-year survival rates of patients who underwent combined transplantation was 97% and 93% versus 91% and 83% in patients with liver transplantation alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined liver-kidney transplantation is a safe treatment for endstage liver and kidney disease even in the face of a positive cross-match.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, und Transplantationschirurgie, Charite, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. martina.lang@charite.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinmüller
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum