title: Subcutaneous abdominal, but not femoral fat expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is related to plasma PAI-1 levels and insulin resistance and decreases after weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abdominal fat produces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and could contribute to increased plasma PAI-1 values in human obesity associated with insulin resistance. Femoral fat, which is not associated with insulin resistance, is thought to be metabolically different from the abdominal fat. This study aimed to assess PAI-1 expression in these two fat territories in obese and lean subjects and to determine if concomitant changes of plasma and adipose tissue PAI-1 values occur after weight reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 24 obese and 16 lean subjects, PAI-1 expression in abdominal and femoral subcutaneous fat, plasma PAI-1, insulin, triglyceride concentrations and insulin resistance were determined at the start of the study and in obese subjects after a 3-month weight reduction programme as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAI-1 mRNA content in the abdominal subcutaneous fat was higher in obese than in lean subjects and positively correlated with plasma PAI-1 values (p < 0.01) and markers of insulin resistance (p < 0.05). In 18 obese subjects, re-examined after successful dieting, PAI-1 mRNA content decreased in the abdominal subcutaneous fat along with plasma PAI-1. However, the absolute changes of these two variables were not associated. In contrast, PAI-1 mRNA content in the femoral subcutaneous fat did not differ between lean and obese subjects, was not associated with plasma PAI-1 values or with markers of insulin resistance, and did not change after weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only the abdominal, but not the femoral subcutaneous fat PAI-1 expression is a potential contributor to increases in plasma PAI-1 in obesity. Both plasma and abdominal subcutaneous fat PAI-1 values decreased significantly after weight reduction, although their absolute changes were not associated.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre, Department of Angiology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. alenka.mavri@trnovo.kclj.si
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mavri
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bastelica
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geel-Georgelin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fina
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sentocnik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stegnar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Juhan-Vague
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides