title: "Bystander" amplification of PBMC cytokine responses to seasonal allergen in polysensitized atopic children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atopic children show increased expression and production of the Th2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9 from PBMCs after stimulation with allergen, but it has previously not been clearly determined whether the Th2-cytokine production is restricted to the inhalant allergen the child is sensitized to, and whether perennial or seasonal allergens induce different cytokine responses. Our purpose was to determine whether in vitro Th2 cytokine production is specific to the sensitizing allergen, and to compare the cytokine responses to a perennial and a seasonal allergen in monosensitized and polysensitized children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-9, IL-10, and IFN-gamma after stimulation of PBMCs with house-dust-mite (HDM) or ryegrass allergen. The cells were sampled from groups of 6-year-old children sensitized to either HDM (n=20) or ryegrass (n=24), or to both allergens (n=20), as well as from a nonatopic group (n=20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After stimulation with HDM allergen, PBMCs from children sensitized only to HDM expressed increased mRNA levels of the Th2 cytokines, but not of IL-10 and IFN-gamma, whereas ryegrass stimulation did not result in increased cytokine expression. PBMCs from children sensitized to HDM and ryegrass expressed increased Th2 cytokines after stimulation with either of the two allergens. In contrast, PBMCs from children sensitized only to ryegrass did not express increased levels after stimulation with either of the allergens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of Th2 cytokines after in vitro stimulation of PBMCs from atopic children is specific to the sensitizing allergen, indicating that atopic status per se does not affect the type of T-cell response. In addition, T cells specific to seasonal allergens circulate in the blood out of season only if the child is concomitantly sensitized to a perennial allergen.
authors.affiliation: TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macaubas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Slya
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D024201:Bystander Effect; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D004391:Dust / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008129:Lolium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D008925:Mites / Q000276:immunology; D012621:Seasons; D012882:Skin Tests; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D004391:Dust; D007073:Immunoglobulin E