title: Intravesical oxybutynin: mode of action assessed by passive diffusion and electromotive administration with pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin and N-desethyl oxybutynin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A proportion of patients with detrusor hyperreflexia who are unresponsive to oral oxybutynin often benefit from intravesical oxybutynin instillation. To our knowledge the precise mode of action of this method is obscure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 patients with detrusor hyperreflexia who were previously unresponsive to oral and intravesical passive diffusion of 5 mg. oxybutynin we administered 5 mg. oxybutynin orally as well as increased doses of 15 mg. oxybutynin intravesically with passive diffusion and with 15 mA. associated electric current. Each administration mode per patient was associated with an 8-hour urodynamic monitoring session during which oxybutynin and N-desethyl oxybutynin plasma levels, and intravesical oxybutynin uptake were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose of 5 mg. oxybutynin orally induced no urodynamic improvement with an area under the plasma concentration time curve of combined N-desethyl oxybutynin plus oxybutynin of 16,297 ng./8 hours and an area under the curve ratio of N-desethyl oxybutynin-to-oxybutynin of 11:1. Passive diffusion oxybutynin resulted in 12 mg. oxybutynin intravesical uptake and significant improvement in 3 of 8 urodynamic measurements, although the area under the curve of combined N-desethyl oxybutynin plus oxybutynin was only 2,123 ng./8 hours and the N-desethyl oxybutynin-to-oxybutynin ratio was 1.1:1.0. Electromotive administration of oxybutynin resulted in almost complete intravesical uptake of the 15 mg. dose, significant improvement in all 8 urodynamic measurements and an increased oxybutynin level versus oral and passive diffusion, although the area under the curve of combined N-desethyl oxybutynin plus oxybutynin was 4,574 ng./8 hours and the N-desethyl oxybutynin-to-oxybutynin ratio was inverted at 1.0:1.4. The oral dose of 5 mg. oxybutynin caused anticholinergic side effects in 8 of the 12 patients. Neither intravesical passive diffusion nor electromotive administration caused side effects with an uptake of 12 and 15 mg., respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large proportion of intravesical oxybutynin is sequestered, probably in the urothelium. Intravesical oxybutynin administration confers therapeutic benefits via localized direct action within the bladder wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome and Institutes of Pharmacology and Hygiene, Catholic University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Di Stasi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannantoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navarra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Storti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porena
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stephen
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004058:Diffusion; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D008333:Mandelic Acids; C032681:desethyloxybutynin; C005419:oxybutynin