title: Mixed effects modeling of the disposition of gentamicin across domestic animal species.
abstract: An interspecies pharmacokinetic model for gentamicin was developed using the mixed effects modeling approach and serum disposition data obtained from the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD). Data that met a priori quality criteria was obtained from the database and analysed using the traditional double logarithmic analysis and the mixed effects modeling approach. Body weight, brain weight and fever were the covariates of interest in our study. Population pharmacokinetic models across species were developed and validated with swine data. The parameter volume of distribution was modeled as a function of body weight. The total clearance was initially modeled as a function of body weight. The predictability performance of the model improved dramatically when the parameter brain weight was included in the covariate model for clearance. This was a surprising finding worthy of further study. The covariate fever seemed to influence the magnitude of the volume of distribution, although the scarcity of data pertaining to diseased animals makes this finding uncertain. We conclude that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs such as gentamicin, can be predicted across species using a population pharmacokinetics modeling approach, and that clinical features that affect species in a similar manner can be also explored in this fashion.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cutaneous Toxicology and Residue Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. tmartin@cvm.uiuc.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martín-Jiménez
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Riviere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002415:Cats; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004285:Dogs; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006041:Goats; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008954:Models, Biological; D011817:Rabbits; D012756:Sheep; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins