title: Hyperexcitable cortical responses in progressive myoclonic epilepsy: a TMS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has allowed investigators to study intracortical inhibition and facilitation and sensorimotor integration in motor disorders and epilepsy. The authors used TMS to elucidate the pathophysiology of reflex myoclonus with giant somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied four patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. All patients had giant SEP elicited by mixed and digital nerve stimulation. They studied the response to paired-pulse TMS at interstimulus intervals (ISI) ranging from 1 to 15 ms and the conditioning effect of digital electrical stimulation at ISI ranging from 10 to 100 ms on the motor evoked potential amplitude to TMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Digital stimulation markedly facilitated conditioned motor evoked potentials at ISI ranging from 25 to 40 ms in all patients. This pattern was significantly different from the inhibition observed in controls (n = 12) at the same ISI. In the patients, paired-pulse TMS showed a decrease in intracortical inhibition in the motor cortex in comparison with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest cortical and subcortical components of abnormal sensorimotor integration in addition to hyperexcitability of the sensory and motor cortex in our myoclonic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, Section of Neurological Rehabilitation, University of Verona, Italy. paolomanganotti@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manganotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamburin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanette
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiaschi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020191:Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*