title: Polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c promoter activity by inhibition of liver X receptor (LXR) binding to LXR response elements.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) suppress sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression and, thus, lipogenesis. In the current study, the molecular mechanism for this suppressive effect was investigated with luciferase reporter gene assays using the SREBP-1c promoter in HEK293 cells. Consistent with previous data, the addition of PUFAs to the medium in the assays robustly inhibited the SREBP-1c promoter activity. Deletion and mutation of the two liver X receptor (LXR)-responsive elements (LXREs) in the SREBP-1c promoter region eliminated this suppressive effect, indicating that both LXREs are important PUFA-suppressive elements. The luciferase activities of both SREBP-1c promoter and LXRE enhancer constructs induced by co-expression of LXRalpha or -beta were strongly suppressed by the addition of various PUFAs (arachidonic acid > eicosapentaenoic acid > docosahexaenoic acid > linoleic acid), whereas saturated or mono-unsaturated fatty acids had minimal effects. Gel shift mobility and ligand binding domain activation assays demonstrated that PUFA suppression of SREBP-1c expression is mediated through its competition with LXR ligand in the activation of the ligand binding domain of LXR, thereby inhibiting binding of LXR/retinoid X receptor heterodimer to the LXREs in the SREBP-1c promoter. These data suggest that PUFAs could be deeply involved in nutritional regulation of cellular fatty acid levels by inhibiting an LXR-SREBP-1c system crucial for lipogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimano
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahagi
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amemiya-Kudo
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzaka
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakakuki
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Akimitsu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osuga Ji
authors.forename: Takanari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotoda
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors