title: Hereditary pancreatitis caused by a novel PRSS1 mutation (Arg-122 --> Cys) that alters autoactivation and autodegradation of cationic trypsinogen.
abstract: Hereditary pancreatitis has been found to be associated with germline mutations in the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene. Here we report a family with hereditary pancreatitis that carries a novel PRSS1 mutation (R122C). This mutation cannot be diagnosed with the conventional screening method using AflIII restriction enzyme digest. We therefore propose a new assay based on restriction enzyme digest with BstUI, a technique that permits detection of the novel R122C mutation in addition to the most common R122H mutation, and even in the presence of a recently reported neutral polymorphism that prevents its detection by the AflIII method. Recombinantly expressed R122C mutant human trypsinogen was found to undergo greatly reduced autoactivation and cathepsin B-induced activation, which is most likely caused by misfolding or disulfide mismatches of the mutant zymogen. The K(m) of R122C trypsin was found to be unchanged, but its k(cat) was reduced to 37% of the wild type. After correction for enterokinase activatable activity, and specifically in the absence of calcium, the R122C mutant was more resistant to autolysis than the wild type and autoactivated more rapidly at pH 8. Molecular modeling of the R122C mutant trypsin predicted an unimpaired active site but an altered stability of the calcium binding loop. This previously unknown trypsinogen mutation is associated with hereditary pancreatitis, requires a novel diagnostic screening method, and, for the first time, raises the question whether a gain or a loss of trypsin function participates in the onset of pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik B, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48129 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: F Ulrich
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahin-Toth
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nayler
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lenfers
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schnekenburger
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayerle
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Domschke
authors.forename: Markus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lerch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014362:Trypsinogen; D001120:Arginine; C039566:CGCG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C489303:PRSS1 protein, human; D014357:Trypsin; D003545:Cysteine; D002118:Calcium