title: Association between dietary factors and calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis in cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify dietary factors associated with the increase in occurrence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths and the decrease in occurrence of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) uroliths in cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  173 cats with CaOx uroliths, 290 cats with MAP uroliths, and 827 cats without any urinary tract diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cats fed diets low in sodium or potassium or formulated to maximize urine acidity had an increased risk of developing CaOx uroliths but a decreased risk of developing MAP uroliths. Additionally, compared with the lowest contents, diets with the highest moisture or protein contents and with moderate magnesium, phosphorus, or calcium contents were associated with decreased risk of CaOx urolith formation. In contrast, diets with moderate fat or carbohydrate contents were associated with increased risk of CaOx urolith formation. Diets with the highest magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, chloride, or fiber contents and moderate protein content were associated with increased risk of MAP urolith formation. On the other hand, diets with the highest fat content were associated with decreased risk of MAP urolith formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that diets formulated to contain higher protein, sodium, potassium, moisture, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents and with decreased urine acidifying potential may minimize formation of CaOx uroliths in cats. Diets formulated to contain higher fat content and lower protein and potassium contents and with increased urine acidifying potential may minimize formation of MAP uroliths.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Urolith Center, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lekcharoensuk
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lulich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pusoonthornthum
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002415:Cats; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016015:Logistic Models; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069877:Struvite; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000662:veterinary; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014867:Water; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D000069877:Struvite; D008274:Magnesium