title: Cecal access for antegrade colon enemas in medically refractory slow-transit constipation: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current surgical treatment for therapy-resistant slow-transit constipation consists of either subtotal colectomy or ileostomy. This prospective study was performed to examine the creation of an access enabling antegrade enemas of the colon as an alternative to these interventions. Development of symptoms associated with constipation was also a study subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with a median defecation frequency of once a week were evaluated preoperatively, using marker-transit studies, defecography, manometry, and colonoscopy. All patients subsequently received an enema access, placed in the lower right abdomen. The appendix (available in seven cases) was laparoscopically fixed to the abdominal wall and served as a stoma, a procedure that required a conversion in one case. In five previously appendectomized cases, the terminal part of the ileum was transected, the distal side fixed to the abdominal wall to serve as a stoma, and the proximal side anastomosed to the ascending colon. Quality-of-life-assessment was included. This consisted of Nottingham Health Profile, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Zung tests, as well as disease specific questions. Besides perioperative and out-patient evaluations, patients were asked about and scored on constipation associated symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients (8 female) with a mean age of 43 (17-66) years were treated. Using various enema regimes, frequency of defecation (median one daily) without major complications was established. In four cases, a subtotal colectomy was required in the long run. Two of these four patients needed an ileostomy after for persisting symptoms. State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Zung results improved, as did several associated symptoms. Overall, constipation scores dropped from a median of 21.5 to 5.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cecal access for antegrade colon enemas in medical therapy-resistant slow-transit constipation is a minimally invasive procedure with promising results. In case of failure, further surgery is not compromised by this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rongen
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van der Hoop
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery*; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery*; D003248:Constipation / Q000628:therapy*; D003672:Defecation; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome