title: Ursolic acid-induced changes in tumor growth, O2 consumption, and tumor interstitial fluid pressure.
abstract: The anti-tumor effect of ursolic acid (UA) and UA-induced changes in tumor physiology in tumor-bearing mice were examined. MTT colorimetric assay, clonogenic assay, and growth-delay assay for the determination of tumoricidal effects of UA were evaluated. UA-induced apoptosis was measured by fluorescent microscopy, stained by propidium iodide. Oxygen consumption (QO2) after treatment with UA was measured using a Clark-type electrode chamber. Systemic toxicity in mice was assayed by LD50(30). We also measured UA-induced changes in several tumor physiological parameters. Inhibitory effect of UA on various tumor cell lines was observed using MTT and clonogenic assays in vitro. UA-induced apoptosis significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular QO2 values were significantly reduced by UA. In animal studies, UA significantly reduced tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) to approximately 40% of the control values at 2-3 days post-treatment (P<0.05). An i.p. administration of 100 mg/kg of UA significantly (P<0.01) inhibited tumor growth of FSaII. In conclusion, UA showed anti-tumor effect on various tumor cells in vitro as well as a moderate retardation of growth in two tumor models in vivo. We gained some insight regarding the pathophysiological benefits of UA (i.e., reduction in TIFP) as a cancer therapeutic agent. Consequently, these observations can be used for further study of UA or to facilitate clinical applications of UA for treating cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6072, USA. ilee@pcyc.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097245:Ursolic Acid