title: Does HIV infection favor the sexual transmission of hepatitis C?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are widely discrepant findings on the sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV), commonly transmitted by the parenteral route. Coinfection with HCV is common in subjects infected with HIV.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This case-control study evaluated the prevalence of anti-HCV in subjects with hetero- or homosexual contact and no history of intravenous drug abuse or blood transfusion, according to the presence or absence of HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control study, the cases considered were 106 consecutive patients who showed positive anti-HIV test results. For each case, two control subjects were selected who had been screened for HIV infection at the authors' center and found to have anti-HIV-negative test results, and who matched the case in terms age (+/- 5 years), gender, and risk factor for parenterally transmitted infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of subjects with positive test results for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was similar between cases and control subjects (4.7% versus 2.4%). Positivity for anti-hepatitis B core antigen in connection with negative test results for HBsAg was observed more frequently in the 106 cases than in the 212 control subjects (33.9% versus 15.6%; P = 0.0003). Anti-HCV positivity was more frequent in the cases than in the control subjects (15.1% versus 5.2%; P = 0.005). In particular, among subjects who had hetero- or homosexual intercourse with a steady partner who had positive anti-HIV test results, anti-HCV positivity was observed in 18.7% of the 32 cases and 1.6% of the 64 control subjects (P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that in subjects who had only a sexual risk factor for parenterally transmitted infections, HIV may enhance the sexual transmission of HCV.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. pietro.filippini@unina2@.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filippini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scolastico
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onofrio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sagnelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piccinino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies