Familial occurrence of tardive dyskinesia.
OBJECTIVE
Familial occurrence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and schizophrenia has been hypothesized to confer risk to the development of TD. We investigated these hypotheses in a large patient sample applying standardized methods for phenotype characterization.


METHODS
Two hundred and twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assessed for TD and for family history of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Thirty-nine patients had 40 affected first-degree family members, one patient having two first-degree relatives. Of these, 17 pairs and one triplet were personally examined.


RESULTS
1) There was a tendency for TD in the affected relatives to be associated with the TD status of the index-patient; this finding was unrelated to age and doses of neuroleptic medication. 2) No association between a family history of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and TD was found.


CONCLUSIONS
A family history of TD might represent a risk factor for TD, whereas a family history of schizophrenia does not.
Müller
D J
DJ
Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
Schulze
T G
TG
Knapp
M
M
Held
T
T
Krauss
H
H
Weber
T
T
Ahle
G
G
Maroldt
A
A
Alfter
D
D
Maier
W
W
Nöthen
M M
MM
Rietschel
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents