title: Fetal congestive heart failure: correlation of Tei-index and Cardiovascular-score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congestive heart failure (CHF) may be present in fetuses with hydrops fetalis (HF) and the severity is difficult to quantitate. Differential ventricular dysfunction may be present in the fetus with CHF. A non-geometric measure of ventricular function that is not afterload dependent would be useful to measure the severity of myocardial dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tei-index (isovolumetric time/ejection time) was measured prenatally in 23 normals (24-34 weeks gestational age-GA) and in 7 with HF (24-34 weeks GA). Prenatal CHF severity was graded by a 10 point cardiovascular (CV) score (2 points each for absence of hydrops, normal venous Doppler, heart function, arterial Doppler, and heart size, and 10/10 = normal). A paired student t-test was used to compare RV and LV and non-paired t-test compared HF and normals. Tei-index and CV score were correlated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tei-index normals were 0.38 +/- 0.04 in the right ventricle (RV) and 0.41 +/- 0.05 in the left ventricle (LV) and there were no significant RV-LV or gestational age (GA) differences. Among HF fetuses, RV and LV Tei-indices were both significantly increased (0.54 and 0.92) and not significantly different. CV score ranged from 2 to 8 (mean 5.43 out of 10) and correlated inversely with Tei-index (r = -0.52, r = -0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrops fetalis is associated with biventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure. Tei-index correlates with CV score obtained within two weeks of delivery or intrauterine death. Tei-index may be useful in the serial assessment of myocardial dysfunction in the fetus with hydrops.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tampa Children's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Falkensammer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huhta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology