title: Assessment of nicorandil therapy in ischemic myocardial injury by using contrast-enhanced and functional MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the potential of mesoporphyrin- and gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced and functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of the acute effect of nicorandil on ischemic injury of the myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spin-echo MR imaging was used to monitor changes in myocardial contrast and function in reperfused myocardial injury. Inversion-recovery echo-planar MR imaging was used to depict the injured region. Myocardial injury in rats was produced by using 30 minutes of coronary occlusion followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Nicorandil (n = 9) was infused during occlusion and early reperfusion. Control animals (n = 11) received no therapy. At 24 hours, after administration of mesoporphyrin and gadopentetate dimeglumine and histochemical staining, the function and size of the injured region of the left ventricle (LV) were determined. A t test was used to compare data between groups of animals, whereas regression and Bland-Altman analyses were used to determine correlation and agreement between MR imaging and histomorphometry, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treated animals showed reduced infarction size as compared with the control group from 25.6% +/- 7.9 (SD) to 7.9% +/- 6.8 of LV myocardial area (P < .001), as defined with mesoporphyrin-enhanced MR imaging; while the size of the rim increased from 10.8% +/- 10.0 to 16.1% +/- 14.4 (P < .05). The diastolic-midventricular cavity area was smaller in treated animals (15.2 mm(2) +/- 4.3) compared with the control group (28.5 mm(2) +/- 7.9; P < .001). At functional MR imaging, nicorandil improved systolic reduction in LV cavity area (57.5% +/- 17.3) compared with the control group (38.0% +/- 16.0; P < .05) and preserved regional LV wall thickening at the site of injury (12.2% +/- 11.1 in treated group vs 0.3% +/- 8.6 in the control group; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast material-enhanced MR imaging has the potential to demonstrate reduction in size of ischemically injured myocardium, whereas functional MR imaging demonstrated the recovery of LV function 24 hours after nicorandil therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Rm L-308, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wendland
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watzinger
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weinmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020108:Nicorandil; C031468:mesoporphyrin IX; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA