title: Peripheral levels of inflammatory mediators in migraineurs during headache-free periods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the peripheral inflammatory changes of the trigeminovascular system by measuring the inflammatory mediators leukotriene B4 (LTB(4)), prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), and thromboxane B2 (TXB(2)) in the nasal fluid, as well as saliva, of patients with migraine.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Migraine has been hypothesized to be as a result of changes in the peripheral or central nervous system or both. It is still unclear whether peripheral changes in the trigeminovascular system are involved in the pathogenesis of migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 18 subjects, 9 patients with migraine and 9 controls, matched for age and sex. Each subject took part in one experimental session during which nasal lavage fluid and saliva samples were collected. These samples were analyzed by competitive enzyme immunoassay using goat anti-rabbit polyclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the exception of TXB(2), correlational analyses indicated good correlations between results obtained using nasal lavage or saliva (LTB(4), r(18) = 0.91; PGE(2), r(18) = 0.95). When comparing inflammatory mediators measured in controls and migraineurs, the LTB(4) level was significantly lower in migraineurs, while no differences were found for PGE(2) and TXB(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that nasal lavage, a noninvasive method, can be easily used for investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine. In addition, the results may indicate that there is no peripheral trigeminal sensitization in the headache-free period of migraineurs compared with controls when PGE(2), LTB(4), and TXB(2) in saliva and nasal lavage samples are measured.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Chiropractic College, 590 North Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90004, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohammadian
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators