title: Television exposure in children after a terrorist incident.
abstract: This study examined the influence of bomb-related television viewing in the context of physical and emotional exposure on posttraumatic stress symptoms--intrusion, avoidance, and arousal--in middle school students following the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. Over 2,000 middle school students in Oklahoma City were surveyed 7 weeks after the incident. The primary outcome measures were the total posttraumatic stress symptom score and symptom cluster scores at the time of assessment. Bomb-related television viewing in the aftermath of the disaster was extensive. Both emotional and television exposure were associated with posttraumatic stress at 7 weeks. Among children with no physical or emotional exposure, the degree of television exposure was directly related to posttraumatic stress symptomatology. These findings suggest that television viewing in the aftermath of a disaster may make a small contribution to subsequent posttraumatic stress symptomatology in children or that increased television viewing may be a sign of current distress and that it should be monitored. Future research should examine further whether early symptoms predict increased television viewing and/or whether television viewing predicts subsequent symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 Stanton L. Young Blvd., WP-3470, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. betty-pfefferbaum@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Tivis
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pynoos
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gurwitch
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Foy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D013690:Television; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*