title: Exposure to violence and associated health-risk behaviors among adolescent girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between exposure to violence and health-risk behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based outpatient family planning clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexually active adolescent girls younger than 18 years (N = 517) who presented for contraceptive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of witnessing or experiencing violence and the associations with health-risk behaviors, including high-risk sexual behaviors, substance use, and self-injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with adolescents who had not been exposed to violence, those who had only witnessed violence were 2 to 3 times more likely to report using tobacco and marijuana, drinking alcohol or using drugs before sex, and having intercourse with a partner who had multiple partners. Those who had experienced, but not witnessed violence were at increased risk of these same behaviors and were 2 to 4 times more likely than those who had neither witnessed nor experienced violence to report early initiation of intercourse, intercourse with strangers, multiple partners, or partners with multiple partners, tobacco, alcohol and drug use, or to have positive test results for a sexually transmitted disease. Individuals who had both witnessed and experienced violence demonstrated the greatest risk of adverse health behaviors. These adolescents demonstrated 3 to 6 times greater risk of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-4.0) or suicide attempts (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.2-9.4), self-injury (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.6-12.9), and use of drugs before intercourse (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.0-12.9) than those who had neither witnessed nor experienced violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents exposed to violence are at increased risk of multiple adverse health behaviors. Programs designed to improve health outcomes should target this high-risk group.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA. abberens@utmb.edu
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Berenson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wiemann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCombs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D014754:Violence