title: Factors influencing behavior of group-housed male rats in the social interaction test: focus on cohort removal.
abstract: The rat social interaction (SI) test is used widely to measure anxiety-like behavior, yet the influence of various factors such as testing time, pre-experimental manipulations (transport stress), and testing of animals from the same cage (cohort removal, CR) on SI has not been systematically studied. We measured SI behavior of male triad-housed Wistar rats in a novel dimly lit arena (low light unfamiliar, LU) and found that SI time is higher in the beginning of the activity (dark) phase when compared with SI time in first half of the light phase. Furthermore, SI time is significantly increased by habituation of animals to the testing room during light phase, but this intervention has no effect in early dark phase when SI behavior is already maximal. Sequential removal of rats from the home cage led to the stress-like behavioral and physiological consequences. Rats removed in the last position had shorter SI time and higher body temperature. These data demonstrate that SI is higher during early dark vs. early light phase and confirm that CR has anxiogenic-like effects in rats. We conclude that the usage of sequentially removed group-housed rats in behavioral tests can be a source for considerable variation due to anxiety that develops in animals remaining in the cage. On the other hand, CR may be a useful method to study behavioral/neurochemical mechanisms of psychogenic stress in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50090, Estonia. ants.kask@ut.ee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kask
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Hörsten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment