title: A novel protein elicitor (PaNie) from Pythium aphanidermatum induces multiple defense responses in carrot, Arabidopsis, and tobacco.
abstract: A novel protein elicitor (PaNie(234)) from Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. was purified, microsequenced, and the corresponding cDNA was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative eukaryotic secretion signal with a proteinase cleavage site. The heterologously expressed elicitor protein without the secretion signal of 21 amino acids (PaNie(213)) triggered programmed cell death and de novo formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in cultured cells of carrot (Daucus carota). Programmed cell death was determined using the tetrazolium assay and DNA laddering. Infiltration of PaNie(213) into the intercellular space of leaves of Arabidopsis (Columbia-0, wild type) resulted in necroses and deposition of callose on the cell walls of spongy parenchyma cells surrounding the necrotic mesophyll cells. Necroses were also formed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Wisconsin W38, wild type) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) but not in maize (Zea mays), oat (Avena sativa), and Tradescantia zebrina (Bosse), indicating that monocotyledonous plants are unable to perceive the signal. The reactions observed after treatment with the purified PaNie(213) were identical to responses measured after treatment with a crude elicitor preparation from the culture medium of P. aphanidermatum, described previously. The availability of the pure protein offers the possibility to isolate the corresponding receptor and its connection to downstream signaling-inducing defense reactions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wörle
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nürnberger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Seitz
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015698:Genomic Library; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010226:Parabens / Q000378:metabolism; D011775:Pythium / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005936:Glucans; D010226:Parabens; C048306:callose; C038193:4-hydroxybenzoic acid