title: Serum levels of myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase, and smooth muscle heavy-chain myosin in patients with ectopic pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum markers of smooth muscle destruction have been shown to be elevated in ectopic pregnancy, but they remain of questionable clinical utility. Our goal was to determine the clinical utility of 3 markers of smooth muscle destruction: creatine phosphokinase (CPK), smooth muscle heavy-chain myosin (SMHC), and myoglobin.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study, with consecutive enrollment of all women in the first trimester of pregnancy who presented to our urban emergency department with complaints of lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, or both. Patients were excluded from the study if there was a history of recent surgery or major trauma. Data analysis included receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 378 patients were enrolled, with 61 patients diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy, and 317 patients placed in the non-ectopic pregnancy group with other diagnoses. ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.56 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.61) for CPK, 0.63 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.68) for SMHC, and 0.58 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.63) for myoglobin. A regression model analyzing the effects of race, maternal age, estimated gestational age, and serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit found no significant confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is a statistically significant elevation in the serum levels of SMHC, the range of values seen is too large to allow SMHC to be a useful screening tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA. rhbirkhahn@pol.net
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Birkhahn
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paraschiv
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bove
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D024745:Smooth Muscle Myosins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D009211:Myoglobin; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D024745:Smooth Muscle Myosins; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains