title: Antioxidant vitamins attenuate oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We administered antioxidant vitamins to rabbits with pacing-induced cardiomyopathy to assess whether antioxidant therapy retards the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although oxidative stress is increased in CHF, whether progression of heart failure could be prevented or reduced by antioxidants is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits with chronic cardiac pacing and sham operation were randomized to receive a combination of beta-carotene, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol alone or placebo over eight weeks. Echocardiography was used to measure cardiac function weekly. Resting hemodynamics and in vivo myocardial beta-adrenergic responsiveness were studied at week 8. Animals were then sacrificed for measuring myocardial beta-receptor density, norepinephrine (NE) uptake-1 site density, sympathetic neuronal marker profiles, tissue-reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rapid cardiac pacing increased myocardial oxidative stress as evidenced by reduced myocardial GSH/GSSG ratio and increased oxidized mtDNA and produced cardiac dysfunction, beta-adrenergic subsensitivity, beta-receptor downregulation, diminished sympathetic neurotransmitter profiles and reduced NE uptake-1 carrier density. A combination of antioxidant vitamins reduced the myocardial oxidative stress, attenuated cardiac dysfunction and prevented myocardial beta-receptor downregulation and sympathetic nerve terminal dysfunction. Administration of alpha-tocopherol alone produced similar effects, but the effects were less marked than those produced by the three vitamins together. Vitamins produced no effects in sham-operated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antioxidant vitamins reduced tissue oxidative stress in CHF and attenuated the associated cardiac dysfunction, beta-receptor downregulation and sympathetic nerve terminal abnormalities. The findings suggest that antioxidant therapy may be efficacious in human CHF.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shite
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004452:Echocardiography; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D019207:beta Carotene; D005978:Glutathione; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid