title: Tributyrin, a butyrate precursor, impairs growth and induces apoptosis and differentiation in pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether tributyrin, a natural butyrate pro-drug, as well as butyrate itself could affect growth, differentiation and apoptosis in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines in culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proliferation was studied by cell counting using crystal violet staining. Cell differentiation was assessed by measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity and cell death by DAPI nuclear staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In MiaPaca-2 cells both tributyrin and butyrate reduced growth, with IC50 values of 1.1+/-0.2 mmol/ and 3.6+/-0.7 mmol/L respectively. Both 1 mmol/L tributyrin and 3 mmol/L butyrate induced a similar degree of apoptosis in MiaPaca-2 and Capan-l cells and stimulated differentiation in Capan-l cells equally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data may provide a rationale for the therapeutic use of peroral tributyrin in patients with pancreatic cancer, because this drug enables plasma concentrations of butyrate which inhibit growth, induce differentiation and cause apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaschott
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Maassen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D014280:Triglycerides; C005830:tributyrin