title: Double cervix and vagina with septate uterus: an uncommon müllerian malformation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The case of an unusual müllerian anomaly is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nulligravida was found to have a septate uterus with double cervix and a vagina with partial longitudinal vaginal septum. The anomaly presented symptomatically, was suggested by clinical examination, and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative visualization. Visualization of the anomaly was enhanced by magnetic resonance-based three-dimensional reconstruction techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Description of double cervix and vagina in the setting of an anatomically normal or simple septate uterus is uncommon. This anomaly is inconsistent with the generally accepted understanding of müllerian development but fits with an alternative hypothesis. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance-based three-dimensional reconstruction was useful in aiding visualization of the anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Whittier St. Health Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoyte
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities*