title: [A study on cervical reflex induced by click stimuli in cats].
abstract: The effects of click stimuli on the cervical muscle have been wildly studied, but no information is available on what reaction click stimuli elicit from the cervical cord. We studied the effects of click stimuli on the cervical cord in cats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the response of the cervical cord to click stimuli in cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were ten adult cats confirmed to have normal tympanic membranes. Cats were placed on artificial ventilation by tracheal incision. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) of both ears was measured to determine its threshold. Following the cervical incision, the dorsal vertebrae were removed, the cervical cord was exposed at C3 to C6, and bipolar needle electrodes were inserted. The reference electrode was attached to the forehead. Click stimuli were presented using 1-20 Hz clicks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses peaking at 4.89-5.10 ms were induced by click stimuli of 105 dBSPL (1 Hz) at C3. Latencies tended to be prolonged with decreasing sound pressure. No response was confirmed at of C4 to C6. The responses to clicks of 20 Hz or more disappeared when 100 responses were summed. After the experiment, we confirmed that accessory nerves showed a response to electrical stimuli applied by bipolar needle electrodes. The cervical cord was removed to make sure that the electrode had been passed into the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spinal nuclei of accessory nerves exist at C3 to C5 of the cervical cord, and are associated with the movement of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at C3 in particular. Click stimuli are reported to affect the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The results of our study appear to reflect the response of the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve to click stimuli. The fact that responses to clicks of 20 Hz or more disappeared when 100 responses were summed suggests that the response was induced via a pathway other than the auditory pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo Izu-Nagaoka Hospital, Shizuoka.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isikawa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology