title: Validation of X-ray fluorescence-measured Swine femur lead against atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: The aim of this study was to apply the technique of (109)Cd-based K-shell X-ray fluorescence (XRF) bone lead measurements to swine femurs and to validate the concentrations obtained therefrom against an independent chemical measurement of bone lead: atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The femurs ranged in lead concentration from 1.0 to 24.5 microg of lead per gram of ashed bone, as measured by AAS. On average, XRF overestimated AAS-measured femur lead by 2.6 microg/g [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.0 microg/g], approximately 2 microg/g poorer than that observed in studies of human tibiae. Measurements of swine femur and, by extension, of nonhuman bones may require adjustment of the XRF spectrum peak extraction method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. andrew.todd@mssm.edu
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Moshier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Casteel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000662:veterinary; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007854:Lead