title: Multiple sclerosis in sibling pairs: an analysis of 250 families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the potential contribution of genetic factors to clinical phenotype in multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cohort of 262 pairs of coaffected siblings from 250 families with multiple sclerosis, intersibling concordance analysis was used to explore underlying genetic mechanisms in disease pathogenesis by assessing parameters of disease course, clinical presentation, age and year of onset, and measures of disability and handicap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted intraclass correlation coefficients were not significant for either age of onset or for year of first symptom. One third of sibling pairs were concordant for presenting symptom (81/262), a result that was non-significant. However, course type was identical in 50% of the sibling pairs (kappa=0.17 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.08 to 0.26)) indicating a significant result. Severity of the disease at assessment, using the Kurtzke and CAMBS scales, demonstrated that whereas there was no agreement for relapse rate in the previous year within the sibship, there was significant concordance for measures of disability (kappa=0.11 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.19)), progression (kappa=0.09 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.18)) and handicap (kappa=0.08 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.14)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within a sibship, the clinical presentation tends to be different. However, once established, concordance is more likely to be seen for the ultimate course, leading in the end to similar disability and handicap scores. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that genes influence both disease susceptibility and evolution in multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge Neurology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chataway
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mander
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawcer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deans
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broadley
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Compston
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D017668:Age of Onset; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010375:Pedigree; D012042:Registries; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology