title: Home use of impulse compression of the foot and compression stockings in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of intermittent pneumatic compression, in addition to elastic bandages or stockings, accelerates the healing of leg ulcers in patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). There is recent evidence that impulse compression of the plantar venous plexus reduces post-traumatic ankle swelling and prevents postoperative venous thromboembolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and hemodynamic responses after home use of impulse foot compression for 3 months in patients already using therapeutic compression stockings for the management of CVI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve extremities from 9 patients with documented CVI, class 4 to 5 according to the Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, Pathophysiology classification system, were included in this prospective cohort study. All patients were instructed to use a foot pump device at home for 2 hours a day for 3 months in addition to therapeutic compression stockings (30-40 mm Hg) worn during the day. The device was set to three cycles (3 seconds) of compression (120 mm Hg) per minute. A clinical scoring system was completed before foot compression and 1, 2, and 3 months thereafter. In addition, all patients underwent air plethysmography studies at the same time intervals, including venous volume, venous filling index, ejection fraction, and residual volume fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients reported significant improvement in their scores for swelling (P <.05) and pain (P <.04). Air plethysmography showed a reduction in venous volume and venous filling index, although these differences were not significant. Ejection fraction remained unchanged and residual volume fraction was significantly reduced (P <.05) compared with baseline. The foot compression devices were well tolerated by all the patients in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of home foot impulse compression plus elastic stockings significantly reduced the residual volume fraction as measured by air-plethysmography in a group of patients with severe CVI. This favorable hemodynamic response could, in part, explain the clinical improvement achieved by this combined treatment. However, this represents a preliminary pilot study that needs to be confirmed in future randomized controlled studies with more patients included.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Axarquía, Vélez-Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Arcelus
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Caprini
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reyna
mesh_terms: D001458:Bandages; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply; D005676:Gravity Suits; D018575:Home Care Services, Hospital-Based; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010991:Plethysmography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*