title: Urodynamic and clinical evidence of acute inhibitory effects of intravesical nociceptin/orphanin FQ on detrusor overactivity in humans: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Management of neurogenic incontinence is complex and available treatments are not satisfactory. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ, a recently discovered neuropeptide, has been reported to inhibit the voiding reflex in the rat. These experimental results prompted us to investigate the urodynamic and clinical effects of intravesical instillation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study involved 5 normal subjects (group 1) with a mean age of 40.4 years (range 21 to 54) and 9 patients (group 2) 40.4 years (24 to 54). All patients in group 2 presented with detrusor hyperreflexia refractory to standard therapy. They were invited to undergo a filling cystometrogram with saline solution and after 30 minutes, a new one with a solution containing 1 microM. nociceptin/orphanin FQ. The urodynamic parameters that were recorded included bladder capacity, volume threshold for the appearance of detrusor hyperreflexia and maximum bladder pressure. Clinical and urodynamic followup was performed after 15 days. The data were statistically analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Dunnett test for multiple comparison considered statistically significant with p <0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravesical instillation of 1 microM. nociceptin/orphanin FQ in group 1 did not produce significant functional changes. This infusion in group 2 produced a statistically significant increase in mean bladder capacity and volume threshold for the appearance of detrusor hyperreflexia from 164 plus or minus standard deviation (SD) 84 to 301 +/- 118 and 93 plus or minus SD 41 to 231 +/- 104 ml. (p <0.05, respectively). Mean maximum bladder pressure decreased from 79 plus or minus SD 25 to 54 +/- 44 cm. water but was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). After 15 days an absence of clinical improvement was noticed in group 2, and the urodynamic control did not show any significant changes compared to the values before nociceptin/orphanin FQ treatment. No severe symptomatic reactions were observed during infusion of 1 microM. nociceptin/orphanin FQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that nociceptin/orphanin FQ is able to elicit a robust inhibitory effect on voiding reflex in group 2 but not 1. The ideal dosage, route of administration of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and treatment interval are not yet established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calò
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beneforti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanollo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Regoli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turini
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D000097629:Nociceptin
chemical_list: D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D000097629:Nociceptin