title: Cerebral embolisation during modern cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral microembolisation still occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass and may cause both stroke and postoperative cognitive impairment. We investigated the frequency of cerebral embolisation during coronary artery bypass surgery with modern cardiopulmonary bypass and related these to ascending aortic atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcranial Doppler monitoring for cerebral embolisation to both middle cerebral arteries was performed in 65 patients undergoing coronary artery surgery with non-pulsatile alpha-stat hypothermic bypass. Epicardial ultrasound imaging of ascending aortic atherosclerosis was performed in 14 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients (56.9%) had more than 200 emboli entering the middle cerebral artery territories during surgery; most at the start of bypass and during defibrillation. Readjustment of aortic clamps and aortic cannulation also caused a large number of emboli which were probably particulate. Aortic disease was mild (mean plaque thickness 1 mm, interquartile range 0.9-1.2 mm) and did not relate to the number of cerebral emboli produced by aortic manipulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerebral embolisation remains common during coronary surgery despite advances in filter and bypass pump technology. Aortic manipulation and clamping was associated with emboli but epicardial ultrasound imaging was of little help in its prediction.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of South Manchester, West Didsbury, Manchester M20 2LR, UK. cnmcc@fs1.with.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fearn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pole
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: McCollum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001018:Aortic Diseases; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial