title: The effect of hand-grip stabilization on isokinetic torque at the knee.
abstract: Isokinetic dynamometers commonly measure muscle strength during conditioning and rehabilitation. Previous studies have shown that stabilization can affect isokinetic torque production. However, the effect of stabilization with hand-grip use has not been examined, and there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding its use. Fifteen men (mean age +/- SD = 24 +/- 3 years, height = 187 +/- 6 cm, mass = 84 +/- 10 kg) and 15 women (age = 25 +/- 4 years, height = 167 +/- 8 cm, mass = 62 +/- 6 kg) were tested on a Cybex 6000 dynamometer. Torque and joint angle signals, as well as quadriceps and hamstrings electromyographic (EMG) signals, were recorded during maximal knee flexion/extension at speeds of 60, 180, and 300 degrees x s(-1). Subjects performed the testing both with (stabilized) and without (nonstabilized with arms folded across the chest) hand-grip use. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant-motion (flexion, extension), X-condition (stabilized, non-stabilized) interaction in the data from the men in which hand-grip stabilization resulted in an 8.4% increase in knee extensor torque vs. a 0.2% increase in knee flexor torque. Stabilization did not significantly affect torque in women. The EMG analyses did not indicate a significant change in either agonist drive or antagonist cocontraction that accounted for the enhanced torque output with hand-grip use. This study found that hand-grip use enhanced knee extension maximal torque in men, but did not affect torque in women. The EMG data did not account for the changes in the torque data. Differences between men and women may have been due to mechanical factors and grip strength. These results indicate that hand-grip use needs to be considered when examining gender differences in knee strength and when studying knee flexion-extension ratios.
authors.affiliation: Program In Physical Therapy, Des Moines University-Osteopathic Medical Center, Iowa 50312, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stumbo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merriam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spurgeon
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D019415:Torque