title: Fibroblast growth factor-7 regulates stratification of the bladder urothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the organization of bladder urothelium into basal, intermediate and superficial cell layers remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-7 is essential for generating a multilayered stratified bladder epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The morphological and molecular characteristics of bladder urothelium in age and sex matched FGF-7 +/+ wild-type and -/- null mice were evaluated. In addition, the effect of exogenous FGF-7 on the growth and differentiation of primary murine urothelial cells was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphometric analyses demonstrate that FGF-7 null urothelium is markedly thinned compared with wild-type urothelium. Electron microscopy revealed that null urothelium lacks the intermediate cell layers and molecular marker analyses confirmed this observation. In vitro cell culture experiments indicated that FGF-7 regulates urothelial cell growth, differentiation and stratification. Primary urothelial cultures maintained without FGF-7 ceased to divide and expressed proteins characteristic of terminally differentiated umbrella cells. In contrast, cultures maintained with exogenous FGF-7 contained proliferating epithelial cells with protein expression patterns consistent with those of intermediate cells in addition to terminally differentiated, post-mitotic umbrella cells. Importantly, isolated urothelial cells maintained with exogenous FGF-7 formed a multilayered epithelium in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively these data indicate that FGF-7 is essential for normal bladder urothelial stratification, specifically the formation of the intermediate cell layers. Fibroblast growth factor-7 stimulates urothelial proliferation and delays the differentiation of these cells into post-mitotic umbrella cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urology Foundation, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tash
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Vaughan ED
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Herzlinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C496454:Fgf7 protein, mouse; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors