title: Effect of topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa on upper airway mechanics in exercising horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of desensitization of the laryngeal mucosal mechanoreceptors on upper airway mechanics in exercising horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 Standardbreds.
  
  
  METHODS
  In study 1, videoendoscopic examinations were performed while horses ran on a treadmill with and without topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa. In study 2, peak tracheal and nasopharyngeal pressures and airflows were obtained from horses during incremental treadmill exercise tests, with and without topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa. A nasal occlusion test was performed on each horse while standing during an endoscopic examination for both trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study 1, horses had nasopharyngeal collapse while running on the treadmill when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized. In study 2, inspiratory upper airway and nasopharyngeal impedance were significantly higher, and peak tracheal inspiratory pressure, respiratory frequency, and minute ventilation were significantly lower in horses when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized, compared with values obtained when horses exercised without topical anesthesia. Peak inspiratory and expiratory airflows were lower in horses when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized, although differences did not quite reach significance (P = 0.06 and 0.09, respectively). During a nasal occlusion test, horses had episodes of nasopharyngeal collapse and dorsal displacement of the soft palate when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized. Upper airway function was normal in these horses without laryngeal mucosal anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Receptors within the laryngeal mucosa may be important in maintaining upper airway patency in exercising horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48624, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Holcombe
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Derksen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berney
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008619:Mepivacaine