title: Prevention of human prostate tumor metastasis in athymic mice by antisense targeting of human angiogenin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiogenin is a potent positive mediator of neovascularization, a process required for both primary tumor growth and metastasis. In the present study, the effect of a fully phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, designated JF2S, targeting the AUG translation initiation codon region of human angiogenin, on human prostate tumor development and metastasis in athymic mice was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  JF2S was evaluated for its capacity to affect in vitro synthesis of angiogenin and subsequent tumorigenicity of transiently transfected prostate tumor cells in mice. In vivo treatment experiments were then conducted in which JF2S was used to prevent formation of tumors in an ectopic model and metastasis in an orthotopic model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transient transfection of tumor cells with JF2S inhibited both angiogenin gene expression in vitro and tumorigenicity of these transfected cells in athymic mice. In therapy experiments, local treatment with JF2S completely protected mice from developing prostate tumors after s.c. injection of PC-3 human prostate tumor cells (P < 0.0001, survivor analysis). Most importantly, systemic prophylactic administration of JF2S prevented, in 47% of mice, formation of regional iliac lymph node micrometastases arising from primary tumors growing in the more natural orthotopic prostate setting (P = 0.0003, Fisher's exact test). Furthermore, total protection from regional metastasis occurred in those mice in which JF2S treatment successfully diminished human angiogenin expression in vivo. Tumor-associated angiogenesis was also impaired by JF2S treatment. When therapy was delayed until all of the mice harbored primary tumors in the prostate, the incidence of regional metastasis was still significantly decreased (P < 0.005, survivor analysis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that human prostate cancer establishment and spread in athymic mice is extremely susceptible to targeted disruption of tumor-derived human angiogenin gene expression. Therefore, angiogenin is a valid target against which to devise preventative strategies for prostate cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 1 Kendall Square, Bldg. 600-3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D016373:DNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C046366:angiogenin; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic