title: Optimizing stent expansion with new stent delivery systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess whether the newer stent delivery systems provide a stented lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) that is equal to the delivery balloon nominal dimensions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  First generation stents were often not adequately expanded with their delivery system and frequently required higher pressure or a larger balloon after deployment. Newer stents were designed to optimize expansion with noncompliant, high-pressure balloons provided as the delivery systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to evaluate 38 stents in 32 patients after deployment at 14 to 16 atm with their delivery balloon system. Minimum stent lumen CSA and stent minimum lumen diameter (MLD) were measured by IVUS imaging. The manufacturer's expected stent diameter was defined as the balloon diameter measured by the company at the maximum pressure used. The manufacturer's expected stent area was calculated based on the manufacturer's expected stent diameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MLD (2.5 +/- 0.5 mm) and minimum stent CSA (6.0 +/- 1.7 mm(2)) by IVUS were significantly smaller than the manufacturer's expected stent diameter (3.5 +/- 0.4 mm) and area (9.5 +/- 1.9 mm(2)) (p < 0.0001, respectively). The mean MLD by IVUS was 72 +/- 8% of the expected stent diameter, and the mean minimum stent CSA by IVUS was 62 +/- 10% of the expected stent area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite moderately high-pressure inflations, the mean minimum stent CSA actually achieved was, on average, only 62% of the manufacturer's expected stent area. To optimize stent deployment, these IVUS observations should be considered during coronary artery stenting.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90095-1717, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yeatman
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Currier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ascencio
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kopelson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tobis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002404:Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional