title: Flow cytometric detection of intracellular cytokines in peripheral blood of HIV-1 infected Thai children.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine changes in Th1/Th2 cytokine production at the cellular level which occur during the progression of HIV-1 subtype E infection in Thai children born to HIV-1 subtype E infected mothers. Mitogen stimulated whole blood cultures from 12 uninfected and 27 HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children were stained intracellularly with fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibodies against Interleukin (IL)-2 and IFN-gamma (Th1 cytokines) and IL-4 (Th2 cytokine). Additionally, co-staining of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was performed. Results were analyzed by two and three color flow cytometry. The percentage of IFN-gamma expressing cells in CD4+ T cells was increased in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children with mild and moderate immunosuppression (Immunological categories 1 + 2, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) staging system, 1994). The percentages of IFN-gamma expression was continuously enhanced accompanied by remaining preserved in the proportion of IL-2 producing T cells in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children with severe immunosuppression (Immunological category 3, CDC staging system, 1994). The percentages of IFN-gamma expression was continuously augmented whereas the proportion of IL-2 producing T cells remained unchanged in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai Children with severe immunosuppression (immunological category 3, CDC staging system, 1994). The percentage of Th2 cytokine producing cells within the CD4+ ad CD8+ T cells increased in HIV-1 subtype E infected individuals and showed a significant difference in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children with AIDS compared with uninfected infants. These results suggest that in vertically acquired HIV-1 infection with severe immunosuppression, the percentages of IL-2 producing CD4+ T cell was consistent but the percentages of IL-4 and IFN-gamma producing cell were increased. Similar results were found for CD8+ T cells in which IL-4 producing cells were increased in conjunction with a remaining in the number of IL-2 producing cells in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children. Thus, changes in the Th1 and Th2 cytokine pattern during HIV-1 infection may contribute to the prognosis of HIV disease in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Thai Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sukwit
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chuenchitra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samakoses
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Songprasom
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aree
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akapirat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Panjapornsuk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ubol
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitayaphan
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines