title: Regulation of murine intestinal inflammation by reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen: divergent roles of superoxide and nitric oxide.
abstract: Several reports have implicated reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites (RONS) in the initiation and/or progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We have investigated the role of three key RONS-metabolizing enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase) in a murine model of IBD. Mice genetically deficient ((-/-)) in either iNOS or the p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress SOD, and their respective wild-type (WT) littermates were fed dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. In addition, the specific iNOS inhibitor 1400W was used in DSS-treated WT and p47phox(-/-) mice. WT mice responded to DSS feeding with progressive weight loss, bloody stools, elevated serum NO(X) and colonic mucosal injury with neutrophil infiltration. Both the onset and severity of colitis were significantly attenuated in iNOS(-/-) and 1400W-treated WT mice. While the responses to DSS did not differ between WT and p47phox(-/-) mice, enhanced protection was noted in 1400W-treated p47phox(-/-) mice. Interestingly, SOD(Tg) mice exhibited more severe colitis than their WT littermates. These findings reveal divergent roles for superoxide and iNOS-derived NO in intestinal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Krieglstein
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cerwinka
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Laroux
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuermann
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grisham
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Granger
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C104820:N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1