title: Systemic p53 gene therapy of cancer with immunolipoplexes targeted by anti-transferrin receptor scFv.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A long-standing goal in genetic therapy for cancer is a systemic gene delivery system that selectively targets tumor cells, including metastases. Here we describe a novel cationic immunolipoplex system that shows high in vivo gene transfer efficiency and anti- tumor efficacy when used for systemic p53 gene therapy of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cationic immunolipoplex incorporating a biosynthetically lipid-tagged, anti-transferrin receptor single-chain antibody (TfRscFv), was designed to target tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. A human breast cancer metastasis model was employed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of systemically administered, TfRscFv-immunolipoplex-mediated, p53 gene therapy in combination with docetaxel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TfRscFv-targeting cationic immunolipoplex had a size of 60-100 nm, showed enhanced tumor cell binding, and improved targeted gene delivery and transfection efficiencies, both in vitro and in vivo. The p53 tumor suppressor gene was not only systemically delivered by the immunolipoplex to human tumor xenografts in nude mice but also functionally expressed. In the nude mouse breast cancer metastasis model, the combination of the p53 gene delivered by the systemic administration of the TfRscFv-immunolipoplex and docetaxel resulted in significantly improved efficacy with prolonged survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report using scFv-targeting immunolipoplexes for systemic gene therapy. The TfRscFv has a number of advantages over the transferrin (Tf) molecule itself: (1) scFv has a much smaller size than Tf producing a smaller immunolipoplex giving better penetration into solid tumors; (2) unlike Tf, the scFv is a recombinant protein, not a blood product; (3) large scale production and strict quality control of the recombinant scFv, as well as scFv-immunolipoplex, are feasible. The sensitization of tumors to chemotherapy by this tumor-targeted and efficient p53 gene delivery method could lower the effective dose of the drug, correspondingly lessening the severe side effects, while decreasing the possibility of recurrence. Moreover, this approach is applicable to both primary and recurrent tumors, and more significantly, metastatic disease. The TfRscFv-targeting of cationic immunolipoplexes is a promising method of tumor targeted gene delivery that can be used for systemic gene therapy of cancer with the potential to critically impact the clinical management of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 2007, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Pirollo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rait
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018390:Gene Targeting; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D043823:Taxoids; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017931:DNA Primers; D008081:Liposomes; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D043823:Taxoids; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017239:Paclitaxel