title: Insulin resistance after renal transplantation: impact of immunosuppressive and antihypertensive therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to validate various surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity (IS) in a renal transplant population and to assess the influence of immunosuppressive and antihypertensive therapy on insulin resistance (IR) after renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 167 consecutive renal transplant recipients without previously known diabetes underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 3 months after renal transplantation. A total of 43 patients also underwent a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp study. Six OGTT-derived IS indexes were validated against the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp-derived IS index (ISI(CLAMP)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OGTT-derived ISI(TX) correlated closely with the ISI(CLAMP) (r = 0.58, P < 0.001). The other surrogate estimates of IS were also significantly but less well correlated with the ISI(CLAMP) (Spearman's correlation; r = -0.45 to 0.41, P = 0.003-0.050). In the univariate model, BMI, daily prednisolone dose, creatinine clearance, hypertension, number of antihypertensive agents, and use of diuretics or beta-blockers were negatively associated with ISI(TX) (P < 0.05). After multiple regression analysis, BMI (P < 0.001), daily prednisolone dose (P < 0.001), cytomegalovirus infection (P = 0.030), and triglycerides (P = 0.034) were shown to be independent predictors of posttransplant IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OGTT-derived ISI(TX) may be a useful estimate of IS in Caucasian renal transplant recipients. Increasing daily prednisolone dose is an independent predictor of IR after renal transplantation. Hypertension and the use of beta-blockers and diuretics may also deteriorate IR in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vestfold Central Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway. joran@online.no
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hjelmesaeth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midtvedt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jenssen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004232:Diuretics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007328:Insulin; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone