title: Identification of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase in isolated cardiac mitochondria using electrochemical detection.
abstract: Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS), its cellular NOS isoform, and the effects of mitochondrially produced NO on bioenergetics have been controversial since mtNOS was first proposed in 1995. Here we functionally demonstrate the presence of a NOS in cardiac mitochondria. This was accomplished by direct porphyrinic microsensor measurement of Ca(2+)-dependent NO production in individual mitochondria isolated from wild-type mouse hearts. This NO production could be inhibited by NOS antagonists or protonophore collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The similarity of mtNOS to the neuronal isoform was deduced by the absence of NO production in the mitochondria of knockout mice for the neuronal, but not the endothelial or inducible, isoforms. The effects of mitochondrially produced NO on bioenergetics were studied in intact cardiomyocytes isolated from dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. mdx cardiomyocytes are also deficient in cellular endothelial NOS, but overexpress mtNOS, which allowed us to study the mitochondrial enzyme in intact cells free of its cytosolic counterpart. In these cardiomyocytes, which produce NO beat-to-beat, inhibition of mtNOS increased myocyte shortening by approximately one-fourth. Beat-to-beat NO production and altered shortening by NOS inhibition were not observed in wild-type cells. A plausible mechanism for the reversible NO inhibition of contractility in these cells involves the reaction of NO with cytochrome c oxidase. This suggests a modulatory role for NO in oxidative phosphorylation and, in turn, myocardial contractility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Epithelial Cell Biology, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. ajk5@pitt.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Birder
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: VanBibber
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: de Groat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004563:Electrochemistry; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000201:enzymology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016189:Dystrophin; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D002118:Calcium