title: Occupational exposure to carcinogens in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic in 1997.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to estimate the numbers of workers exposed to carcinogens in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAREX is an international information system on occupational exposure to 139 known and suspected carcinogens. It provides exposure data and estimates of the numbers of exposed workers by country, carcinogen, and industry. The CAREX method, which has been previously applied in the member states of the European Union, was applied in the present study to the exposure situation in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic in 1997. The preliminary estimates generated by CAREX were reviewed and revised by national experts mainly for asbestos, benzene, and lead, which were of special interest for this project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of workers exposed to carcinogens covered by CAREX in 1997 were about 180,000 (29% of employed persons) in Estonia, 260,000 (28% of employed persons) in Latvia, 470,000 (28% of employed persons) in Lithuania, and 1,400,000 (28% of employed persons) in the Czech Republic. The most common exposures were solar radiation (7-13% exposed at least 75% of the worktime), environmental tobacco smoke (4-5% exposed at least 75% of the worktime), wood dust (3-5% exposed), crystalline silica (2-3% exposed), diesel exhaust (2-3% exposed), radon and its decay products (2% exposed), benzene (0.9-1.7% exposed), and lead and inorganic lead compounds (0.8-1.4% exposed). Exposure to asbestos was slightly less prevalent (0.3-1.1% exposed).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results indicate that a substantial proportion of the workers in the studied countries were exposed to carcinogens.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki. Timo.Kaupinen@occuphealth.fi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauppinen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pajarskiene
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Podniece
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rjazanov
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Smerhovsky
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Veidebaum
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leino
mesh_terms: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008097:Lithuania / Q000453:epidemiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental