title: The Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) transgenic mouse: nature of the model.
abstract: The Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) transgenic mouse model provides a reporter phenotype of skin papillomas in response to either genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. In common with the conventional bioassay, the Tg.AC model responds to known human carcinogens and does not respond to noncarcinogens. It also does not respond to most chemicals that are positive in conventional bioassays principally at sites of high spontaneous tumor incidence. The mechanism of response of the Tg.AC model is related to the structure and genomic position of the transgene and the induction of transgene expression through specific mediated interactions between the chemicals and target cells in the skin.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. tennant@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stasiewicz
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Eastin
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mennear
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Spalding
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012958:Societies, Scientific
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens