title: Taking cell-matrix adhesions to the third dimension.
abstract: Adhesions between fibroblastic cells and extracellular matrix have been studied extensively in vitro, but little is known about their in vivo counterparts. Here, we characterized the composition and function of adhesions in three-dimensional (3D) matrices derived from tissues or cell culture. "3D-matrix adhesions" differ from focal and fibrillar adhesions characterized on 2D substrates in their content of alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 integrins, paxillin, other cytoskeletal components, and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Relative to 2D substrates, 3D-matrix interactions also display enhanced cell biological activities and narrowed integrin usage. These distinctive in vivo 3D-matrix adhesions differ in structure, localization, and function from classically described in vitro adhesions, and as such they may be more biologically relevant to living organisms.
authors.affiliation: Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cukierman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pankov
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005976:Glutaral / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D016023:Integrins; D003513:Cycloheximide; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C496051:Ptk2 protein, mouse; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005976:Glutaral