title: Blocking Na(+)/H(+) exchange reduces [Na(+)](i) and [Ca(2+)](i) load after ischemia and improves function in intact hearts.
abstract: We determined in intact hearts whether inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange (NHE) decreases intracellular Na(+) and Ca(2+) during ischemia and reperfusion, improves function during reperfusion, and reduces infarct size. Guinea pig isolated hearts were perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution at 37 degrees C. Left ventricular (LV) free wall intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)) and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) were measured using fluorescence dyes. Hearts were exposed to 30 min of ischemia with or without 10 microM of benzamide (BIIB-513), a selective NHE-1 inhibitor, infused for 10 min just before ischemia or for 10 min immediately on reperfusion. At 2 min of reperfusion, BIIB-513 given before ischemia decreased peak increases in [Na(+)](i) and [Ca(2+)](i), respectively, from 2.5 and 2.3 times (controls) to 1.6 and 1.3 times pre-ischemia values. At 30 min of reperfusion, BIIB-513 increased systolic-diastolic LV pressure (LVP) from 49 +/- 2% (controls) to 80 +/- 2% of pre-ischemia values. BIIB-513 reduced ventricular fibrillation by 54% and reduced infarct size from 64 +/- 1% to 20 +/- 3%. First derivative of the LVP, O(2) consumption, and cardiac efficiency were also improved by BIIB-513. Similar results were obtained with BIIB-513 given on reperfusion. These data show that Na(+) loading is a marker of reperfusion injury in intact hearts in that inhibiting NHE reduces Na(+) and Ca(2+) loading during reperfusion while improving function. These results clearly implicate the ionic basis by which inhibiting NHE protects the guinea pig intact heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Varadarajan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Novalija
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stowe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008698:Mesylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008698:Mesylates; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D012964:Sodium; C402725:BIIB 513; D002118:Calcium