title: Engineering of DNA vaccines using molecular adjuvant plasmids.
abstract: These studies support the view that additional goals of enhancing DNA vaccine technology will probably be at several levels. The ability to deliver antigens more efficiently to professional APCs is likely to have important implications for our studies of basic principles of immunology. Furthermore, there are simple practical approaches to vaccine enhancement that can be tested with the present group of DNA vaccines. These studies should include the use of cytokine molecular adjuvants as well as possible co-stimulatory molecules. It is expected that the delivery of these "adjuvanted" DNA vaccines will require additional safety evaluation; however, it is clear that studies can be easily designed to address the important safety issues associated with these novel vaccine adjuvants. Overall, the results indicate that further more precise quantitative studies and combination studies examining these additional promising adjuvant candidates are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chattergoon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ayyavoo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCallus
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ugen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D017209:Apoptosis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010957:Plasmids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA