title: [Chronic hepatic encephalopathy: the role of high serum manganese levels and its relation with basal ganglia lesions in nuclear magnetic resonance of the brain. Clinical case].
abstract: Chronic hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) is a disabling complication of chronic liver failure and porto-systemic shunt. The pathogenesis of CHE remains unclear but increased levels of ammonia are a basic feature. Several clinical and experimental observations support a role for manganese (Mn) in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Increased blood levels of Mn have been described in patients with CHE and this could lead to its accumulation on the basal ganglia and characteristic hyperintensities of basal ganglia as seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. We report on the clinical features and characteristic radiologic findings of a patient who presented with the neurologic syndrome of CHE and who had very high blood levels of Mn in the absence of an occupational exposure to this metal. Our report supports the hypothesis that Mn has a role in the pathogenesis of CHE and also suggests that brain MRI is a useful marker of the brain metabolic repercussion due to CHE.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Neurología, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caballero
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008345:Manganese; D000641:Ammonia