title: The development of a Th1-type response and resistance to Leishmania major infection in the absence of CD40-CD40L costimulation.
abstract: CD40-CD40L interactions have been shown to be essential for the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma and control of L. major infection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice deficient in CD28 develop a dominant Th1-type response and heal infection. In this study, we investigate the effects of a deficiency in both CD40L and CD28 molecules on the immune response and the course of L. major infection. We compared infection in mice genetically lacking CD40L (CD40L(-/-)), CD28 (CD28(-/-)), or both (CD40L(-/-)CD28(-/-)), and in C57BL/6 mice, all on a resistant background. Although CD40L(-/-) mice failed to control infection, CD28(-/-) and CD40L(-/-)CD28(-/-) mice, as well as C57BL/6 mice, spontaneously resolved their infections. Healing mice had reduced numbers of lesion parasites compared with nonhealing CD40L(-/-) mice. At wk 9 of infection, we detected similar levels of IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-12p40, and IL-12Rbeta2 mRNA in draining lymph nodes of healing C57BL/6, CD28(-/-), and CD40L(-/-)CD28(-/-) mice, whereas CD40L(-/-) mice had increased mRNA levels for IL-4 but reduced levels for IFN-gamma, IL-12p40, and IL-12Rbeta2. In a separate experiment, blocking of the CD40-CD40L pathway using Ab to CD40L led to an exacerbation of infection in C57BL/6 mice, but had little or no effect on infection in CD28(-/-) mice. Together, these results demonstrate that in the absence of CD28 costimulation, CD40-CD40L interaction is not required for the development of a protective Th1-type response. The expression of IL-12p40, IL-12Rbeta2, and IFN-gamma in CD40L(-/-)CD28(-/-) mice further suggests the presence of an additional stimulus capable of regulating IL-12 and its receptors in absence of CD40-CD40L interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Padigel
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007700:Kinetics; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D023201:CD40 Ligand