title: Magnetoencephalography in the detection of focal lesions in West syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to the international classification of epilepsy syndromes, West syndrome (WS) is a form of generalized epilepsy. However, it is known that localized lesions can induce WS and that patients with WS often subsequently develop focal seizures. We evaluated such patients using magnetoencephalography (MEG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients of 3 months to 6 years of age who had or who had previously had WS were examined. MEGs were recorded using a laying-type whole-cortex MEG system with a 160-channel first-order gradiometer. Twelve-channel electroencephalography (EEG) and one-channel electrocardiography (ECG) were simultaneously recorded. Equivalent current dipoles were estimated at the point of spikes on the EEG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were classified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings into a focal lesion group (group F, n=7) and a non-focal lesion group (group N, n=7). The dipoles estimated from the MEG were classified into three groups: W, with the dipoles distributed over a wide brain area (n=7); WC, dipoles distributed over a wide area along with a dense dipole distribution in a specific cortical area (n=3); and C, closed dipole distribution in a unilateral cerebral focal area (n=4). Patients were also classified by the stage of the disease during which the MEG was recorded, and by the type of seizure they experienced. Those with hypsarrhythmia examined early in the disease all had pattern W regardless of their lesion group, whereas those examined later exhibited more diverse dipole patterns that corresponded to seizure type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dipoles were distributed widely over bilateral cerebral cortex when patients had infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia whether or not they had focal lesions. The dipole distribution pattern in MEG changed according to changes in seizure type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. hattorih@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuyuguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawawaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimogawara
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000175:diagnosis*