title: Urinary retention after tension-free vaginal tape procedure: incidence and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience with persistent urinary retention after the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure and report our treatment results. Ulmsten recently introduced the TVT procedure for female stress urinary incontinence. Although the morbidity is minimal, no surgical procedure is without risks, and experience will better define the morbidity of the TVT procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since November 1998, we have collectively performed 600 TVT procedures. Of these, 17 patients (2.8%) developed urinary retention or symptoms consistent with obstruction (including hesitancy, straining to void, or feeling of incomplete emptying) lasting more than 1 week from the date of the procedure. We reviewed the operative record, noting the operative time, estimated blood loss, presence of bladder penetration, and any reported complications. All 17 patients subsequently underwent transvaginal release on an outpatient basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients (mean age 56 years, range 38 to 81) underwent sling release a mean of 64 days (range 6 to 228) after the TVT procedure. All patients voided to completion within 24 hours of release and reported no further subjective complaints of outlet obstruction. None of the subjects reported de novo urge incontinence or urgency. In each patient, the estimated blood loss was minimal; the operative time averaged 15 minutes. One urethral injury occurred and was managed intraoperatively without sequelae. Sixteen patients who underwent sling release have remained dry; the remaining patient, in whom a urethral injury was repaired, redeveloped stress incontinence and underwent an uncomplicated successful transvaginal sling procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outlet obstruction is a risk of the TVT procedure and occurred with an incidence of 2.8% in our experience. The TVT mesh can be released by a simple vaginal incision under local anesthesia with rapid return to normal voiding. Although the number of patients studied was small, stress incontinence did not recur after uncomplicated release in our series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klutke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paszkiewicz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirkemo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klutke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000601:surgery*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver