title: The cortical shell architecture of human cervical vertebral bodies.
abstract: METHODS
  An anatomic study of cervical vertebral bodies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide quantitative information on the cortical shell architecture of the middle and lower cervical vertebral bodies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Some external dimensions have been measured, but little quantitative data exists for the cortical shell architecture of the vertebral bodies of the cervical spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one human cervical vertebral bodies (C3-C7) were sectioned along parasagittal planes into five 1.7-mm thin slices for each vertebra. Radiographs of each slice were digitized, and external and internal dimensions were measured. Averages and standard deviations were computed. Single factor analysis of variance was used to determine significant (P < 0.05) differences between the vertebral levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The superior endplate was thickest in the posterior region (range 0.74-0.89 mm) and thinnest in the anterior region (range 0.44-0.56 mm). The inferior endplate was thickest in the anterior region (range 0.61-0.81 mm) and thinnest in the posterior region (range 0.49-0.62 mm). In the central region, the superior endplate (range 0.42-0.58 mm) was thinner than the inferior endplate (range 0.53-0.64 mm). Variation with vertebral level was dependent on the dimension studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive quantitative anatomic data of the middle and lower cervical vertebral bodies have been obtained. This may be useful in improving the understanding of the three-column and other vertebral-fracture theories, the fidelity of the finite element models of cervical spine, and the designs of surgical instrumentation.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. manohar.panjabi@yale.edu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Panjabi
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography