title: CC130 pilot fatigue during re-supply missions to former Yugoslavia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deployment of troops in foreign theaters requires a massive airlift capability. The fatigue encountered in such operations can be severe enough to pose a flight safety hazard. The current study documents sleep and the effect of fatigue on aircrew performance during re-supply missions in support of Canadian troops in Bosnia in 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten routine re-supply missions from Trenton, Canada, to Zagreb, Croatia, were studied and involved 9 pilots and 9 co-pilots. To document their sleep hygiene, all pilots wore wrist actigraphs from approximately 5 d prior to the mission, until the mission was completed. Psychomotor performance was tested during the actual flights. Three psychomotor trials during the outbound transatlantic leg (Trenton to Lyneham, UK) were employed, one trial on the Lyneham-Zagreb-Lyneham leg, and three trials on the return transatlantic leg from Lyneham to Trenton.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of daily sleep during the 3-d period prior to the mission steadily decreased from an average of 8 h 40 min per day to 6 h 30 min (p < 0.001). During the missions, the worst night of sleep occurred during the second night overseas. During both transatlantic legs, there were significant decrements in the subjective ratings of alertness (p < 0.001), and increases in physical (p < 0.001) and mental fatigue (p < 0.001). Performance on the logical reasoning task as well as the multitask showed probable fatigue effects during the outbound leg of the missions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our transport pilots showed a pattern of progressively decreasing sleep. Self-rated scores for alertness, mental and physical fatigue, indicate a deterioration of alertness, and an increase in fatigue throughout the long transatlantic flights.
authors.affiliation: Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada. mpaul@dciem.dnd.ca
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pigeau
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D002170:Canada; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008887:Military Medicine; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D015022:Yugoslavia