title: Localizing value of alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan PET in intractable epilepsy of neocortical origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  [(11)C] alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan (alpha-MTrp) has been developed as a tracer for the study of the synthesis of serotonin in the brain with PET. However, it has been shown that in pathologic conditions the tracer may reflect the activation of kynurenine metabolism. Increased levels of serotonin and quinolinic acid have been described in resected epileptogenic cortex, raising the possibility that alpha-MTrp can localize seizure foci in patients with intractable partial epilepsy. The authors assessed the uptake of alpha-MTrp in 18 patients (11 men, mean +/- SD age 27.1 +/- 10.1 years, range 13 to 54) with intractable partial epilepsy to correlate the PET findings with the epileptogenic area defined by electroclinical and neuroimaging data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with cortical dysplasia (CD) and 11 with partial epilepsy in which conventional MRI and fluorine-18-deoxyglucose ((18)FDG)-PET studies failed to detect any abnormality were studied. All underwent scalp EEG monitoring during the PET scan to exclude ictal events and estimate the interictal epileptic activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In seven patients (39%; CD four and cryptogenic partial epilepsy three), PET showed focal increased uptake of alpha-MTrp corresponding to the epileptogenic area. alpha-MTrp uptake in the epileptic focus correlated with the frequency of interictal spikes (r = 0.7, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  alpha-MTrp-PET may be of value in the localization of the epileptogenic area not only in patients with visible dysplastic lesions, but also in those with cryptogenic partial epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McGill University, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reutens
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazawa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andermann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boling
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dubeau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diksic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019579:Neocortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C020774:alpha-methyltryptophan; D014364:Tryptophan