title: Laparoscopic-assisted lumboperitoneal shunt: a simplified technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lumboperitoneal shunt has been advocated as a better alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunt in communicating hydrocephalus. To minimize the morbidity of subcutaneous tunneling or an open abdominal wound, we developed a simplified technique for laparoscopy-assisted placement of lumboperitoneal shunts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients deemed candidates for lumboperitoneal shunts underwent laparoscopy-assisted lumboperitoneal shunt placement. Using a Tuohy needle, the neurosurgeon obtains access to the lumbar subthecal space. Simultaneously, the laparoscopist obtains access to the peritoneal cavity with two 5-mm ports for the take down of the descending colon, clearing the way for the passage of the shunt passer from the back into the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the last 5 years, 45 patients have undergone laparoscopy-assisted lumboperitoneal shunt placement. Patients have been followed with neuropsychiatric examinations, imaging studies, and repeated neurological examinations. No complications related to the laparoscopy have occurred. Neurosurgical complications included postural headaches caused by overdrainage in 4 patients requiring laparoscopic modification of the shunt slit and in 1 patient with acquired Arnold-Chiari I malformation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy-assisted lumboperitoneal shunt offers many advantages over percutaneous ventriculoperitoneal or laparoscopic transabdominal lumboperitoneal shunts. The procedure can be performed in less than 30 minutes by any practicing laparoscopist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA 92354, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johna
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robles
mesh_terms: D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome