title: Phosphorylation of gamma-tubulin regulates microtubule organization in budding yeast.
abstract: gamma-Tubulin is essential for microtubule nucleation in yeast and other organisms; whether this protein is regulated in vivo has not been explored. We show that the budding yeast gamma-tubulin (Tub4p) is phosphorylated in vivo. Hyperphosphorylated Tub4p isoforms are restricted to G1. A conserved tyrosine near the carboxy terminus (Tyr445) is required for phosphorylation in vivo. A point mutation, Tyr445 to Asp, causes cells to arrest prior to anaphase. The frequency of new microtubules appearing in the SPB region and the number of microtubules are increased in tub4-Y445D cells, suggesting this mutation promotes microtubule assembly. These data suggest that modification of gamma-tubulin is important for controlling microtubule number, thereby influencing microtubule organization and function during the yeast cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drapkin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oomen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000705:Anaphase; D000818:Animals; D001542:Benomyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D008870:Microtubules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017354:Point Mutation; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014404:Tubulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C100764:TUB4 protein, S cerevisiae; D014404:Tubulin; D014443:Tyrosine; D001542:Benomyl