title: Programmed cell death: alive and well in the new millennium.
abstract: Research performed over the past decade has transformed apoptosis from a distinctive form of cell death known only by its characteristic morphology and genomic destruction to an increasingly well understood cellular disassembly pathway remarkable for its complex and multifaceted regulation. Here, we summarize current understanding of apoptotic events, note recent advances in this field and identify questions that might help guide research in the coming years.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology, Mayo Graduate School, Guggenheim 1342C, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Kaufmann.Scott@Mayo.edu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hengartner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C494829:AIFM1 protein, human; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; C412403:DIABLO protein, human; D005420:Flavoproteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; C109663:caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease; D020169:Caspases