title: Analysis of the endogrammes developed during obturations on extracted teeth using system B.
abstract: The ability of an obturation technique to fill the root canal system tridimensionally depends partially on the timing and intensity of force applications. The aim of this study was to use the Endographe to analyze the forces and wedging effects developed in the root canal using a new obturation technique: System B. This system uses a heat plugger that simultaneously heats and pushes gutta-percha. The plugger was used to soften and move the gutta-percha apically during the down-pack stage. Two different methods, however, were used to withdraw the plugger from the compacted gutta-percha. One used the burst heat method, and the other was cold withdrawal. Five endodontists performed 50 obturations of prepared extracted teeth and 50 obturations of the "wedging effect" holder of the Endographe. The practitioner-obturation assignment was randomized. For each obturation the biggest plugger possible in relationship to the shape of the canal was chosen. For the obturation of the special holder the same tip was chosen. Endogrammes showed the force application and wedging effect sequences. The mean values for the vertical and horizontal forces and the wedging effect were, respectively, 16 +/- 2 N, 5 +/- 1 N, and 9 +/- 1 N. These results suggest that System B is one of the best techniques in terms of the developed vertical forces (low values) and the resulting wedging effect (high values) in relationship to the plasticity of the gutta-percha. The Endogrammes provide a new approach to the analysis of obturation techniques and a means to demonstrate correct and optimal manipulation of the new System B plugger.
authors.affiliation: CHU of Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cathala
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Machtou
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Micallef
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D012212:Rheology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014159:Transducers; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha