title: Selective aortic arch perfusion with hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 for resuscitation from exsanguinating cardiac arrest in swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prospects for resuscitation after blunt traumatic cardiac arrest are dismal. Selective aortic arch perfusion (SAAP) with a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC-201) offers a potentially effective therapy. This study evaluated the acute cardiovascular and metabolic effects of SAAP with HBOC-201 in an exsanguination model of cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled, laboratory investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Domestic swine, 25-39 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial resection of four liver lobes rapidly led to profound hemorrhagic shock and subsequent cardiac arrest at 10-13 mins. At 15 mins, swine were randomized to receive either SAAP with oxygenated lactated Ringer's (LR) solution (n = 6) or SAAP with oxygenated HBOC-201 (n = 6) at a rate of 10 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1) until return of spontaneous circulation with a mean aortic pressure of 60 mm Hg (8.0 kPa) was achieved. Epinephrine (0.005 mg/kg) was given via intra-aortic route every 30 secs as needed to promote return of spontaneous circulation beginning at 18 mins after onset of liver injury (3 mins after beginning SAAP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, total blood loss, and time of arrest were similar for both groups before SAAP therapy. In the SAAP-HBOC group, return of spontaneous circulation with a sustained mean aortic pressure of 60 mm Hg (8.0 kPa) was achieved in six of six swine at 1.9 +/- 0.3 mins of SAAP, and none of these swine required epinephrine. In the SAAP-LR group, no swine (from a total of six) achieved return of spontaneous circulation before intra-aortic epinephrine administration, and only two of six swine had brief return of spontaneous circulation with an mean aortic pressure of 60 mm Hg (8.0 kPa) after intra-aortic epinephrine that was sustained for <10 mins. One-hour survival was five of six in the SAAP-HBOC group and none of six in the SAAP-LR group (p <.05, Fisher's exact test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAAP with oxygenated HBOC-201 rapidly restored viable cardiovascular function after exsanguinating cardiac arrest in this swine model of liver injury with profound hemorrhagic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7594, USA. jmanning@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Batson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McCurdy
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gawryl
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010477:Perfusion; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; C096798:HBOC 201