title: Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with pregnancy is unusual.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 33-year-old woman presented at 25 weeks' gestation with sudden, severe epigastric pain for 6 hours. Abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple liver tumors with a small amount of ascites. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an unresectable ruptured liver tumor that was treated by packing. Although a biopsy was nondiagnostic, ultrasound-guided needle biopsy 6 days after cesarean delivery at 41 weeks' gestation showed hepatocellular carcinoma, which was treated with transarterial embolization. At 3.5 years posttherapy, both mother and infant are well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy is rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis of sudden, severe epigastric pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. h605@ms16.hinet.net
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous