title: Vascular endothelial growth factor in newly diagnosed and recurrent childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia as measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with increased angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis in solid tumors, but to date the significance of VEGF in leukemia has received only limited attention. Therefore, this study examined the cellular VEGF levels in 31 newly diagnosed and 22 recurrent cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  
  
  METHODS
  VEGF was determined with real-time quantitative PCR methods. Kaplan-Meier statistical analyses were conducted for the relapse-free intervals and the overall survival times. The groups were compared by log-rank and rank-sum tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VEGF levels were significantly higher in recurrent ALL compared with newly diagnosed ALL (28.0 versus 3.1 units; P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier estimates were conducted to analyze the prognostic value of VEGF levels in newly diagnosed ALL with regard to the relapse-free intervals and the overall survival times. In this analysis, the median relapse-free interval of patients with low VEGF levels was more than 10 years, whereas the relapse-free interval of patients with high VEGF expression was only 1.2 years. The median overall survival time for the collective with low VEGF levels was >10 years, whereas the survival of the group of patients with high VEGF levels was 3.9 years. This difference was not statistically significant. This may be attributable to the small number of patients involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that VEGF may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ALL. The expression of VEGF raises the possibility of using angiogenesis inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy in childhood ALL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Diagnostics and Therapy, German Cancer Research Center, In Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koomagi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zintl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauerbrey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors