title: Allometry in vestibular responses of anurans.
abstract: Frogs and toads turn either their heads or bodies opposite to angular accelerations applied around the yaw axis. Thresholds exist for the minimum angular acceleration that induces this vestibulomotor response in individual frogs. These thresholds were recorded for several anuran species that cover a broad range of sizes and life styles. Interspecific variation in the magnitude of the thresholds, which correlated with the ecology and behavior of the species, was documented. Also an allometric relationship was observed between this threshold and body size; the larger the frog, the lower the threshold. In many species, the threshold value for reflexive vestibulomotor responses to angular acceleration was proportional to the -0.4 (+/-0.2) power of body mass. Physical dimensions of the semicircular canals determine, in part, vestibular sensitivity to angular acceleration. Hence changes with growth in the semicircular canals are believed to contribute to the slope of -0.4. The biological significance of this allometry in vestibular responses is discussed and compared to trends in vestibular sensitivity and semicircular canal morphology of other vertebrate classes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wassersug
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D019416:Head Movements; D009929:Organ Size; D012438:Saccades; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000502:physiology; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*