Health economic guidelines--similarities, differences and some implications.
OBJECTIVE
To classify, summarize, and compare the health economic guidelines (HE) issued in Europe, North America, and Australia to clarify similarities and differences between them.


METHODS
In a literature review HE guidelines were classified according to whether they were 1) formalized, 2) informal, or 3) guidelines for health economic methods. All the guidelines were summarized in a table format according to 15 important methodological aspects. The aspects were compared both within and between the three groups.


RESULTS
A total of 25 guidelines were identified, seven formalized, eight informal, and 10 guidelines for HE methods. The levels of agreement for methodological aspects within groups were 40% to 100%, 25% to 100% and 30% to 100% for the formalized, informal, and HE guidelines, respectively. The formal guidelines were slightly more homogenous than the other groups. The between-group comparison showed that the guidelines were in agreement for about 75% of methodological aspects. Disagreement between guidelines was found in choice of perspective, resources, and costs that should be included in the analysis, and in methods of evaluating resources used.


CONCLUSIONS
A harmonization of methodological requirements and recommendations exists both within and between the guideline groups. This review provides information concerning the core of agreements that have been reached. A number of policy implications for various parties, mainly the pharmaceutical industry, were identified.
Hjelmgren
J
J
AstraZeneca R & D Lund, Clinical Science, Health Economics & Outcomes Research, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden.
Berggren
F
F
Andersson
F
F
D001315:Australia; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005060:Europe; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D009656:North America; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*