title: Antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza B viruses isolated in Lusaka, Zambia in 1999.
abstract: Previous studies of the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of various influenza B virus isolates demonstrated the existence of two antigenically distinct virus lineages represented by B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88, respectively. Here, we investigated the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza B viruses isolated from children living in Lusaka, Zambia between January and May 1999. Antigenic analysis with chicken antiviral sera showed that all the Zambian isolates had the HA protein belonging to B/Yamagata/16/88-related lineage. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the eight RNA segments performed by using the total or partial nucleotide sequences of the two representative Zambian strains (B/Lusaka/270/99 and B/Lusaka/432/99) as well as the previously reported sequences suggested that the Zambian viruses are closely related to the recently circulating reassortants represented by B/Shiga/T30/98 and B/Yamanashi/166/98 which acquired the genes coding for three polymerase proteins (PB2, PB1, and PA), HA, nucleoprotein, and matrix protein from a B/Yamagata/16/88-like parent and the gene encoding nonstructural proteins (NS1 and NS2) from a B/Guandong/8/93-like parent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muyanga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ndumba
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Kasolo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Numazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015024:Zambia
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins