title: An infrastructure for Integrated Electronic Health Record services: the role of XML (Extensible Markup Language).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sharing of information resources is generally accepted as the key to substantial improvements in productivity and better quality of care. In addition, due to the greater mobility of the population, national and international healthcare networks are increasingly used to facilitate the sharing of healthcare-related information among the various actors of the field. In the context of HYGEIAnet, the regional health telematics network of Crete, an Integrated Electronic Health Record environment has been developed to provide integrated access to online clinical information, accessible throughout the island.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To make available comprehensive medical information about a patient by means of incorporating all the distributed and heterogeneous health record segments into an Integrated Electronic Health Record that can be viewed on-line through a unified user interface and visualization environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technological approach for implementing this Integrated Electronic Health Record environment is based on the HYGEIAnet Reference Architecture, which provides the necessary framework for the reuse of services, components, and interfaces. Seamless presentation of information is achieved by means of the Extensible Markup Language (XML), while its underlying capabilities allow for dynamic navigation according to personalized end-user preferences and authorities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Integrated Electronic Health Record environment developed in HYGEIAnet provides the basis for consistent and authenticated access to primary information over the Internet in order to support decision-making. Primary information is always kept at the place where it has been produced, and is maintained by the most appropriate clinical information system, contrasting traditional store and forward techniques, or centralized clinical data repositories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since documents are much more easily accessible rather than data inside a database, Extensible Markup Language has the potential of becoming a very cheap technology provided, of course, that the underlying Healthcare Information Infrastructure exists. XML can be introduced incrementally and its implementation is completely transparent to the end user.
authors.affiliation: Center of Medical Informatics and Health Telematics Applications (CMI-HTA), Institute of Computer Science (ICS), Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. katehaki@ics.forth.gr
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Katehakis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sfakianakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsiknakis
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Orphanoudakis
mesh_terms: D019992:Databases as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008498:Medical Record Linkage / Q000379:methods*; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011381:Programming Languages; D012041:Regional Medical Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D018511:Systems Integration