title: Effects of a hydrogenated form of vitamin K on bone formation and resorption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hydrogenation of vegetable oils affects blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. However, little is known about the effects of hydrogenation on other components, such as vitamin K. Low phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intake is a potential risk factor for bone fracture, although the mechanisms of this are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to compare the biological effects of phylloquinone and its hydrogenated form, dihydrophylloquinone, on vitamin K status and markers of bone formation and resorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized crossover study in a metabolic unit, 15 young adults were fed a phylloquinone-restricted diet (10 microg/d) for 15 d followed by 10 d of repletion (200 microg/d) with either phylloquinone or dihydrophylloquinone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increase and subsequent decrease in measures of bone formation (P = 0.002) and resorption (P = 0.08) after dietary phylloquinone restriction and repletion, respectively. In comparison with phylloquinone, dihydrophylloquinone was less absorbed and had no measurable biological effect on measures of bone formation and resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrogenation of plant oils appears to decrease the absorption and biological effect of vitamin K in bone.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. sbooth@hnrc.tufts.edu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Brien-Morse
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gundberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006865:Hydrogenation; D008297:Male; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; C121368:dihydrophylloquinone; D010837:Vitamin K 1