title: Radioguidance for nonpalpable primary lesions and sentinel lymph node(s).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radioguided surgery can also be used for the simultaneous guidance to a nonpalpable primary tumor and sentinel lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a prospective database. The surgeon used a gamma probe for guidance to an iodine-125 labeled titanium seed at the primary lesion and technetium-99 labeled sulfur colloid at the sentinel lymph node.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients with nonpalpable breast carcinoma underwent dual isotope radioguided surgery. The radioactive seed and primary lesion were retrieved in the first excision in all 44 patients (100%). Eleven patients (25%) had pathologically involved margins. Sentinel lymph node mapping was successful in 42 patients (98%). A mean of 2.4 sentinel nodes were excised and metastatic carcinoma was present in four patients (10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual isotopes can be effectively used in breast cancer patients for simultaneous radioguidance to both a nonpalpable primary lesion and sentinel lymph node and allows for improved logistics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center at the University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dauway
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Reintgen
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid