title: Evaluation of the roles of common genetic mutations in leukoaraiosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leukoaraiosis, a relatively frequent neuroimaging entity, is presumed to be primarily a vascular problem. However, it can be explained only in part by vascular risk factors. With the assumption of genetic susceptibility, the roles of common genetic polymorphisms and mutations in leukoaraiosis were examined in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A detailed clinical scrutiny of 843 Hungarian neurological patients with mild cognitive-like complaints revealed 229 subjects with leukoaraiosis that was probably vascular in origin: 143 with leukoaraiosis alone (group 1), and 86 with leukoaraiosis plus cerebral infarction (group 2). In all 229 patients, the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (MTHFR C677T) mutation and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE I/D) polymorphism were examined by means of the PCR technique. The prevalences of the different genotypes for the examined mutations in the 2 groups were analysed in comparison with the data on 362 neuroimaging alteration-free subjects as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACE D/D genotype (38.37%, P<0.0005; OR 2.46, 95% CI, 1.49-4.08) and ACE D allele (61%; P<0.001) were more frequent in group 2 than in the control group (20.17%; 47%). Neither the homozygous nor the heterozygous MTHFR C677T mutation alone was found to be a risk factor for leukoaraiosis. The homozygous MTHFR C677T mutation combined with the ACE D/D genotype was significantly more frequent in group 1 (11.89%, P<0.0005; OR 4.75, 95% CI, 2.12-10.65), in group 2 (12.79%, P<0.0005; OR 5.16, 95% CI, 2.12-12.6) and in combined group 1+2 (12.23%, P<0.0005; OR 4.9, 95% CI, 2.33-10.3) than in the control group (2.76%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the contributions of the ACE D/D genotype and the homozygous MTHFR C677T mutation to leukoaraiosis should be taken into consideration not as major, but as additive factors. These findings draw attention to the fact that genetic polymorphisms that alone are insignificant can be risk factors for leukoaraiosis if they cluster in the same subjects.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Central Laboratory, Pándy Kálmán County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary. szolnoki99@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szolnoki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Somogyvári
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondacs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fodor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D008875:Middle Aged; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A