title: Incidence of reading disability in a population-based birth cohort, 1976-1982, Rochester, Minn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence of reading disability among school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this population-based, retrospective birth cohort study, subjects included all 5718 children born between 1976 and 1982 who remained in Rochester, Minn, after the age of 5 years. Based on records from all public and nonpublic schools, medical facilities, and private tutorial services and on results of all individually administered IQ and achievement tests, extensive medical, educational, and socioeconomic information were abstracted. Reading disability was established with use of research criteria based on 4 formulas (2 regression-based discrepancy, 1 non-regression-based discrepancy, and 1 low achievement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative incidence rates of reading disability varied from 5.3% to 11.8% depending on the formula used. Boys were 2 to 3 times more likely to be affected than girls, regardless of the identification methods applied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population-based birth cohort, reading disability was common among school-aged children and significantly more frequent among boys than girls, regardless of definition.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Katusic
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Colligan
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Barbaresi
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaid
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution