title: Laparoscopic management of retrovesical cystic disease: Washington University experience and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, the laparoscopic approach to the management of seminal vesicle cysts has been described. This report outlines the Washington University experience and reviews the present literature to evaluate the results of the laparoscopic approach to the excision of retrovesical cysts of seminal vesicle and Müllerian origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hospital and office records of three patients undergoing laparoscopic excision of seminal vesicle and Müllerian duct cyst disease between April 1993 and March 1999 were reviewed for the operative time, the estimated blood loss, total hospital stay, total analgesia required postoperatively, the time to resumption of oral intake, and the postoperative recovery. A literature search revealed two additional reports of laparoscopic management of cystic disease of the seminal vesicle, comprising only one and two patients. An additional review of the literature was performed to compare the laparoscopic procedure with the transvesical, transurethral, open transvesical, and open retrovesical approach for the management of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the three patients at Washington University, the operative time averaged 4 hours (range 1.8-6.1 hours), and the mean estimated blood loss was 150 mL (range 50-200 nL). The patients required a mean of 43 mg of morphine sulfate for postoperative pain control, had a mean hospital stay of 2.6 days, and resumed oral intake 5.8 hours postoperatively. In combination with the three other cases reported in the literature, the average operative time for laparoscopic retrovesical cyst excision was 2.9 hours, and the average hospital stay was 2.2 days. With an average follow-up of 17 months, all six patients had excellent resolution of their preoperative symptoms. There have been no major or minor complications or any need for further operative therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic excision of retrovesical cystic disease is an effective surgical procedure, associated with minimal postoperative morbidity, short hospitalization, and a rapid recovery for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Afane
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shalhav
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clayman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003560:Cysts / Q000601:surgery*; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012669:Seminal Vesicles; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome