title: Implications of the AHRQ evidence report on acute otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To familiarize otolaryngologists with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence Report on Acute Otitis Media (AOM) that reviews the natural history and role of antibiotics in management. The report, by the Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center (SC-EPC), is the most recent of 15 literature syntheses published by the AHRQ.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE (1966 to present), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, BIOSIS, HealthSTAR, and other computerized databases; manual reference search of proceedings, articles, reports, and guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trials and cohort studies relevant to the natural history of AOM and the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. AOM was defined by the 11-member technical expert panel (including 2 authors, RMR and MLC) as middle-ear effusion with the rapid onset of signs or symptoms of middle ear inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two physician reviewers at the Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center independently rated the articles and extracted data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children receiving placebo or no antimicrobial had a pooled clinical success rate of 81% at 1 to 7 days (95% CI, 72% to 90%), with no increase in suppurative complications when followed closely. Amoxicillin or ampicillin increased the absolute success rate by 12.3% (95% CI, 2.8% to 21.8%) in 5 studies pooled using random effects meta-analysis. The antimicrobial benefit was robust to sensitivity analysis. In contrast, success rates were not influenced by the choice or duration of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AHRQ report emphasizes middle-ear effusion as a preeminent criteria for AOM diagnosis and provides extensive evidence tables on natural history and antimicrobial impact. About 8 children must receive antibiotics to avoid 1 clinical failure, but children younger than age 2 years or with severe symptoms may benefit more. The report is a starting point for organizations seeking to develop AOM guidelines, performance measures, and other quality improvement tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, NY, USA. richrosenfeld@msn.com
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Casselbrant
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hannley
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents