title: Macaque inferior temporal neurons are selective for three-dimensional boundaries and surfaces.
abstract: The lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus (TEs), part of the inferior temporal cortex, contains neurons selective for disparity-defined three-dimensional (3-D) shape. The large majority of these TEs neurons respond to the spatial variation of disparity, i.e., are higher-order disparity selective. To determine whether curved boundaries or curved surfaces by themselves are sufficient to elicit 3-D shape selectivity, we recorded the responses of single higher-order disparity-selective TEs neurons to concave and convex 3-D shapes in which the disparity varied either along the boundary of the shape, or only along its surface. For a majority of neurons, a 3-D boundary was sufficient for 3-D shape selectivity. At least as many neurons responded selectively to 3-D surfaces, and a number of neurons exhibited both surface and boundary selectivity. The second aim of this study was to determine whether TEs neurons can represent differences in second-order disparities along the horizontal axis. The results revealed that TEs neurons can also be selective for horizontal 3-D shapes and can code the direction of curvature (vertical or horizontal). Thus, TEs neurons represent both boundaries and surfaces curved in depth and can signal the direction of curvature along a surface. These results show that TEs neurons use not only boundary but also surface information to encode 3-D shape properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie, KU Leuven Medical School, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogels
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Orban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*