title: Cardiovascular haemodynamics and cardiac autonomic control in patients with subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize cardiac structure and function and cardiac autonomic control in patients with subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 30 with overt disease were selected from patients never previously treated for endocrinological disease in the outpatient clinic of our institution. Twenty normal individuals were studied as control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventricular structure and function and cardiac autonomic control were evaluated, respectively, by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and by 24-h Holter recording with heart rate variability analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with overt hyperthyroidism showed greater values of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (P<0.05) and left ventricular mass (P<0.05) than patients with subclinical disease. In addition, the mean velocity of left ventricular fibre shortening (P<0.05) and left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.05) were greater in patients with overt hyperthyroidism than in patients with subclinical disease. No difference in any of these parameters was detectable between normal subjects and patients with subclinical disease. The isovolumic relaxation period was shorter in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism than in control individuals (P<0.05) and in patients with overt hyperthyroidism (P<0.05). As regards cardiac autonomic control, all time and frequency domain measures decreased progressively from control individuals to patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism and those with overt disease (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyrotoxic patients show changes in left ventricular structure and increased echocardiographic indexes of myocardial contractility, whereas the only echocardiographic feature detectable in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism is an increased velocity of left ventricular relaxation. Cardiac parasympathetic withdrawal is evident in patients with overt hyperthyroidism and in patients with subclinical disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petretta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonaduce
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vicario
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nuzzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marciano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Camuso
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Sanctis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lupoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left