title: Breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps after abdominoplasties.
abstract: After the reported safe transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap after liposuction of the abdomen, two cases of bipedicled reconstruction with this flap after abdominoplasty were successfully performed. This operation has not previously been considered possible because of the transection of the perforator arteries during the undermining of the abdomen. To examine the possible reperfusion of the perforator arteries, the authors studied the perforator arteries of 10 patients before they underwent abdominoplasty and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after the operation. The arteries were studied with color-duplex scanning and power Doppler, using 10-MHz superficial probes, and their position was marked on a map. A cadaver study of a woman who had had an abdominoplasty 10 years before her death is also presented. In every patient, reperfusion of all perforator arteries was documented, starting from the control at 1 month. In no case was the caliber of the reperfused vessels more than 40 percent of the original diameter (maximum: 0.53 mm). This was also confirmed by the cadaver study. In conclusion, after an abdominoplasty operation, constant reperfusion of the perforator arteries of the rectus muscles occurs. However, the diameter of the arteries may not be enough to provide the necessary blood supply for a TRAM flap, which is therefore strongly discouraged by the authors after abdominoplasty in favor of a vertical rectus abdominis muscle (VRAM) flap. A liposuction, which does not necessarily disrupt the perforators, is not an absolute contraindication for a TRAM flap, provided that an accurate color-duplex scanning study is done.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery at "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy. diegoribuffo@libero.it
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribuffo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcellino
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Houseman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scuderi
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color