title: Randomized phase III trial of radiation treatment +/- amifostine in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This multicenter trial investigated whether daily pretreatment with amifostine (A) could reduce the incidence of acute and late lung toxicity and esophagitis without affecting antitumor efficacy of radiation in advanced lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiotherapy (XRT) patients (n = 146) received a daily fraction of 2 Gy/5 days/week to a total of 55-60 Gy +/- amifostine 340 mg/m(2) administered daily 15 min before irradiation. Acute and late toxicities were graded from 0 to 4 according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven patients were evaluated 2 months post-XRT for the incidence of pneumonitis; 43% (23/53) of patients in the XRT arm and 9% (4/44) in the A + XRT arm experienced > or = Grade 2 pneumonitis (p < 0.001) [corrected]. Forty-nine percent (26/53) of patients in the XRT arm and 16% (7/44) in the A+XRT arm demonstrated changes representative of > or = Grade 2 lung damage (p < 0.001). At 6 months, fibrosis was present in 53% (19/36) receiving XRT vs. 28% (9/32) receiving A+XRT (p < 0.05). Incidence of esophagitis > or = Grade 2 during Week 4 was 42% (31/73) in the XRT arm vs. 4% (3/73) in the A+XRT arm (p < 0.001). Among 97 patients evaluable for response 2 months after XRT, complete or partial response was present in 76% (40/53) of patients in the XRT arm and 75% (33/44) in the A+XRT arm (p = 1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amifostine reduces the incidence of pneumonitis, lung fibrosis, and esophagitis in radiotherapy patients with lung cancer without compromising antitumor efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, Metaxas Cancer Hospital, Pireus, Greece. d_antona@hol.gr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antonadou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coliarakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Synodinou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Athanassiou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouveli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verigos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Georgakopoulos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Panoussaki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karageorgis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Throuvalas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D004999:Amifostine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011292:Premedication; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine