The transcriptional repressor ZEB regulates p73 expression at the crossroad between proliferation and differentiation.
The newly discovered p73 gene encodes a nuclear protein that has high homology with p53. Furthermore, ectopic expression of p73 in p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) cancer cells recapitulates some of the biological activities of p53 such as growth arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. p73(-/-)-deficient mice exhibit severe defects in proper development of the central nervous system and pheromone sensory pathway. They also suffer from inflammation and infections. Here we studied the transcriptional regulation of p73 at the crossroad between proliferation and differentiation. p73 mRNA is undetectable in proliferating C2C12 cells and is expressed at very low levels in undifferentiated P19 and HL60 cells. Conversely, it is upregulated during muscle and neuronal differentiation as well as in response to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-induced monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. We identified a 1-kb regulatory fragment located within the first intron of p73, which is positioned immediately upstream to the ATG codon of the second exon. This fragment exerts silencer activity on p73 as well as on heterologous promoters. The p73 intronic fragment contains six consensus binding sites for transcriptional repressor ZEB, which binds these sites in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of dominant-negative ZEB (ZEB-DB) restores p73 expression in proliferating C2C12 and P19 cells. Thus, transcriptional repression of p73 expression by ZEB binding may contribute to the modulation of p73 expression during differentiation.
Fontemaggi
G
G
Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messe d'Oro, 156, 00158 Rome, Italy.
Gurtner
A
A
Strano
S
S
Higashi
Y
Y
Sacchi
A
A
Piaggio
G
G
Blandino
G
G
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003062:Codon; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005091:Exons; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
D002843:Chromatin; D003062:Codon; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000606368:Trp73 protein, mouse; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C486307:ZEB1 protein, human; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1; D008156:Luciferases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate