title: Adjuvant and immuno-suppressive effect of six monophthalates in a subcutaneous injection model with BALB/c mice.
abstract: The prevalence of allergic airway diseases is rapidly increasing in Western Europe and North America. This increase in disease prevalence may be associated with environmental pollutants. The present study investigated the adjuvant and immuno-suppressive effect of a series of monophthalates which are considered to be important metabolites of commonly used phthalate plasticizers. The effects were studied in a screening model. Ovalbumin (OA), used as the model antigen, was injected subcutaneously in the neck region of BALB/cJ mice with or without one of the test substances, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBnP), mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-iso-nonyl phthalate (MiNP) or mono-iso-decyl phthalate (MiDP). The levels of OA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a in sera were measured by ELISA. Immuno-suppressive effect, defined as a statistically significant reduction in IgE or IgG1 antibody production, was observed with MEHP (1000 microg/ml, IgE and IgG1), MnOP (1000 microg/ml, IgE and IgG1), MiNP (1000 microg/ml, IgE and 10 microg/ml, IgG1) and MiDP (100 microg/ml, IgE and IgG1). Adjuvant effect, defined as a statistically significant increase in IgE or IgG1 antibody level, occurred with MEHP (10 microg/ml, IgE), MnOP (100 microg/ml, and 10 microg/ml, IgG1) and MiNP (100 microg/ml, IgE). No statistically significant immune modulating effect was seen with MBnP and MnBP.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. stl@ami.dk
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thygesen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Begtrup
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; D010047:Ovalbumin