title: Aberrant promoter methylation profile of bladder cancer and its relationship to clinicopathological features.
abstract: We investigated the aberrant promoter methylation profile of bladder cancers and correlated the data with clinicopathological findings. The methylation status of 10 genes was determined in 98 surgically resected bladder cancers, and we calculated the median methylation index (MI), a reflection of the methylated fraction of the genes tested. Methylation frequencies of the genes tested in bladder cancers were 36% for CDH1, 35% for RASSF1A and APC, 29% for CDH13, 16% for FHIT, 15% for RAR beta, 11% for GSTP1, 7% for p16(INK4A), 4% for DAPK, and 2% for MGMT. Methylation of four of the individual genes (CDH1, RASSF1A, APC, and CDH13) and the MI were significantly correlated with several parameters of poor prognosis (tumor grade, growth pattern, muscle invasion, tumor stage, and ploidy pattern). Methylation of CDH1, FHIT, and a high MI were associated with shortened survival. CDH1 methylation positive status was independently associated with poor survival in multivariate analyses. Our results suggest that the methylation profile may be a potential new biomarker of risk prediction in bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8593, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zöchbauer-Müller
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Farinas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vakar-Lopez
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Minna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagalowsky
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czerniak
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gazdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery