title: Conditional circadian regulation of PHYTOCHROME A gene expression.
abstract: The phytochrome photoreceptors and the circadian clock control many of the same developmental processes, in all organs and throughout the growth of Arabidopsis plants. Phytochrome A (phyA) provides light input signals to entrain the circadian clock. The clock is known to rhythmically regulate its light input pathway, so we tested rhythmic regulation of phyA, using transgenic plants carrying a PHYA promoter fusion to the luciferase reporter (PHYA:LUC). We provide the first images of LUC activity with subcellular resolution in intact tissue. PHYA transcription and the accumulation of all three PHYA mRNAs were indeed clock controlled. PHYA is expressed throughout the seedling, so we tested whether circadian rhythms were observed in all PHYA-expressing organs and whether the rhythms were autonomously controlled by each organ. In contrast to our previous results using other clock controlled genes, the rhythmic pattern of PHYA expression varied markedly among isolated organs and between isolated organs and intact plants. High-amplitude rhythms were maintained for many days in isolated leaves in darkness, whereas the leaves of intact plants rapidly lost rhythmicity. Wounding the leaves of intact plants had no effect. The rhythmic pattern of PHYA expression is not organ autonomous but depends upon the physical continuity or isolation of the rhythmic tissues, consistent with the presence of a transmitted signal that controls the overt expression of circadian rhythms without necessarily affecting the underlying clock. A circadian system might be present in most, if not all, plant cells, but its effect on intracellular rhythms can be controlled by supracellular signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kozma-Bognár
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Millar
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051942:Phytochrome A; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C423618:CAB2 protein, Arabidopsis; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; C497973:PHYA protein, Arabidopsis; D051942:Phytochrome A; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D010834:Phytochrome; D008156:Luciferases