title: Paclitaxel in the multimodality treatment for inflammatory breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is a rare but aggressive form of breast carcinoma. Anthracycline-based regimens represent the standard of treatment for IBC. Reports of significant clinical activity of paclitaxel in metastatic breast carcinoma led the authors to investigate the role of this drug in the management of IBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients with IBC were enrolled between February 1994 and January 1998. The treatment plan consisted of induction chemotherapy (IC), mastectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Forty-two patients received IC with four cycles of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. If the clinical response was less than partial, patients were "crossed over" to paclitaxel before mastectomy. All patients received adjuvant paclitaxel. Patients unresectable after paclitaxel were offered high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients (81%) achieved an objective clinical remission; 3 patients (7%) achieved a clinical complete remission, 31 (74%) a partial remission. Six patients (14%) achieved pathologic complete remission. Sixteen patients were treated with paclitaxel, 7 of them (44%) were able to undergo mastectomy. Median time to progression (TTP) was 22 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 46 months. Concordance between clinical and pathologic response was documented in only 8 patients (24%). No differences in TTP and OS compared with a historical group of 178 IBC patients treated with anthracycline-based regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paclitaxel improves tumor resectability in anthracycline-refractory IBC. The impact of paclitaxel on the prognosis of IBC needs to be better evaluated in future trials using more dose-intensive schedules of administration. New imaging modalities may contribute to improve assessment of response to IC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. mcristof@notes.mdacc.tmc.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofanilli
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Buzdar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sneige
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wasaff
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Booser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Singletary
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stelling
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017239:Paclitaxel; D005472:Fluorouracil