title: Two innovations of the star-flap technique for nipple reconstruction.
abstract: Two innovations of the star-flap technique for nipple reconstruction are described. A combination of the star-flap technique and a contralateral nipple graft is indicated in patients with a large nipple and small areola on the contralateral side. It provides sufficient volume for the new nipple and improves the shape of the donor nipple. A combination of the star-flap technique and a banked costal-cartilage graft offers better nipple contour and projection than the conventional star-flap technique. Preparation of the cartilage graft is easy and does not result in additional scarring; the nipple projection can be expected to be maintained over a long period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Funayama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsutsumida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nohira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps