title: Multiple cis elements regulate an alternative splicing event at 4.1R pre-mRNA during erythroid differentiation.
abstract: The inclusion of exon 16 in the mature protein 4.1R messenger RNA (mRNA) is a critical event in red blood cell membrane biogenesis. It occurs during late erythroid development and results in inclusion of the 10-kd domain needed for stabilization of the spectrin/actin lattice. In this study, an experimental model was established in murine erythroleukemia cells that reproduces the endogenous exon 16 splicing patterns from a transfected minigene. Exon 16 was excluded in predifferentiated and predominantly included after induction. This suggests that the minigene contained exon and abutting intronic sequences sufficient for splicing regulation. A systematic analysis of the cis-acting regulatory sequences that reside within the exon and flanking introns was performed. Results showed that (1) the upstream intron of 4.1R pre-mRNA is required for exon recognition and it displays 2 enhancer elements, a distal element acting in differentiating cells and a proximal constitutive enhancer that resides within the 25 nucleotides preceding the acceptor site; (2) the exon itself contains a strong constitutive splicing silencer; (3) the exon has a weak 5' splice site; and (4) the downstream intron contains at least 2 splicing enhancer elements acting in differentiating cells, a proximal element at the vicinity of the 5' splice site, and a distal element containing 3 copies of the UGCAUG motif. These results suggest that the interplay between negative and positive elements may determine the inclusion or exclusion of exon 16. The activation of the enhancer elements in late erythroid differentiation may play an important role in the retention of exon 16.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 5534, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deguillien
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morinière
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dreumont
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baklouti
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015672:Erythroid Precursor Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011506:Proteins; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C028841:erythrocyte membrane band 4.1 protein; C120557:erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 1