title: Carbon dioxide column angioscopy: a new endovascular imaging technique.
abstract: A new angioscopic technique with a CO(2) gas medium for prolonged viewing sessions in the carotid artery is described. A stationary column of CO(2) gas, angled 17-30 degrees subhorizontally and buoyed against a balloon catheter, can be safely maintained. During 10-20-min sessions in dogs, endothelia, thrombi, stent filaments, coils, and an intimal flap were visualized. This technique eliminates the need for continuous saline infusion, which has prevented the application of angioscopy in the carotid artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miskolczi
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guterman
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D020677:Angioscopes; D017546:Angioscopy / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D004285:Dogs; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide