title: Increased endothelial expression of HLA-DQ and interleukin 1alpha in extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis. Results from immunohistochemical studies of skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate markers of endothelial activation in muscle biopsies from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without extra-articular manifestations (ExRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine consecutive ExRA patients were compared with nine RA controls without ExRA, matched for age, sex and duration of RA. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the lateral vastus or anterior tibial muscle. Macrophage and lymphocyte CD markers, HLA molecules, cytokines and adhesion molecules were investigated using immunohistochemistry, and stainings were evaluated using computer image analysis and conventional microscopy. Serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and rheumatoid factor (RF) were determined using immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of HLA-DQ-positive capillaries (P=0.039) and the expression of interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) in endothelial cells (mean pairwise difference 0.26%; 95% confidence interval 0-0.52) were increased in ExRA patients compared with non-ExRA controls. There were no signs of inflammatory cell infiltrates or fibre degeneration. Serum levels of TNF-alpha, the soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, the soluble form of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and IgM RF were increased in the ExRA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased expression of HLA-DQ and IL-1alpha may indicate systemic endothelial activation in extra-articular RA, which could be of importance for cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turesson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Englund
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sturfelt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Truedsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nennesmo
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Lundberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001160:Arterioles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1