title: Increased renal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and osteopontin in ADPKD in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is variable in the rate of deterioration of renal function, with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) occurring in only approximately 50% of affected individuals. Evidence suggests that interstitial inflammation may be important in the development of ESRD in ADPKD. Han:SPRD rats manifest ADPKD that resembles the human disease. Homozygous cystic (Cy/Cy) rats develop rapidly progressive PKD and die near age 3 weeks. Heterozygous (Cy/+) females develop slowly progressive PKD without evidence of renal dysfunction until the second year of life, whereas heterozygous (Cy/+) males develop more aggressive PKD with renal failure beginning by 8 to 12 weeks of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine the relationship between proinflammatory chemoattractants and the development of interstitial inflammation and ultimately renal failure in ADPKD, we evaluated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and osteopontin mRNAs and proteins in kidneys from Han:SRPD rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCP-1 and osteopontin mRNAs, expressed at low levels in kidneys from normal (+/+) animals at all ages, were markedly elevated in kidneys from 3-week-old Cy/Cy animals. In kidneys from heterozygous (Cy/+) adults of either gender, MCP-1 and osteopontin mRNAs were more abundant than normal; MCP-1 mRNA was more abundant in Cy/+ males than in females. Thus, chemoattractant mRNA expression correlated with the development of renal failure in Cy/Cy and Cy/+ rats. Osteopontin mRNA, localized by in situ hybridization, was moderately expressed in the renal medulla of normal animals; however, this mRNA was expressed at very high levels in the cystic epithelia of Cy/+ and Cy/Cy animals. MCP-1 and osteopontin proteins, localized by immunohistochemistry, were weakly detected in +/+ kidneys but were densely expressed in Cy/Cy and in adult Cy/+ kidneys, primarily over cystic epithelium. Increased expression of chemoattractants was associated with the accumulation of ED-1 positive cells (macrophages) in the interstitium of cystic kidneys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that proinflammatory chemoattractants have a role in the development of interstitial inflammation and renal failure in ADPKD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. Ben-Cowley@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053495:Osteopontin; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C506897:Spp1 protein, rat; D053495:Osteopontin