title: Interleukin-1beta stimulates galectin-9 expression in human astrocytes.
abstract: Galectin-9 is an eosinophil chemoattractant produced by activated T lymphocytes. We have addressed expression of galectin-9 in normal human astrocytes in culture. Expression of galectin-9 mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was found to enhance the galectin-9 expression in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Galectin-9 protein was detected in the membrane fraction, 105 000 x g precipitate, and immunofluorescent staining revealed diffuse cellular and perinuclear distributions. Dexamethasone pretreatment almost completely suppressed the production. We conclude that astrocytes produce galectin-9 in response to the stimulation with IL-1beta, and this may contribute to inflammatory reactions in the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumiya
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tamo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirashima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D037161:Galectins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D037161:Galectins; D007375:Interleukin-1; C105032:LGALS9 protein, human; D037102:Lectins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003907:Dexamethasone