title: Long-term outcome in term breech infants with low Apgar score--a population-based follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation between low Apgar score in breech infants and handicap in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study. A questionnaire to mothers of 323 non-malformed, singleton infants delivered in breech presentation at term, 105 cases with Apgar score below 7 at 5 min and 218 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four cases (4.6%) and one control (0.5%) had cerebral palsy. In infants without cerebral palsy, speech/language problems were more frequent than controls (10.6 versus 3.2%) (P=0.02). There were no differences in rates of deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP), epilepsy, cognitive developmental delay or learning disabilities. Absence of any handicap or disability was reported in 65 cases (75%) compared to 172 controls (92%) (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.9-7.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though low Apgar score indicates an increased risk of neurological sequelae, most (75%) breech infants with low Apgar score are without a handicap/disability at follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, 4031 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. rh04494@rh.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langhoff-Roos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorngren-Jerneck
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D001946:Breech Presentation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires