title: Blood volume of gliomas determined by double-echo dynamic perfusion-weighted MR imaging: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After bolus injection, gadopentetate dimeglumine causes a T2* rate change in permeable tissue that is contaminated by the T1 shortening effect due to the leakage of contrast agent. Therefore, tumor vascularity as reported in previous single-echo perfusion-weighted MR imaging studies has been underestimated. Our aim was to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the degree of blood volume of glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) underestimated by this T1 shortening effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used double-echo dynamic MR imaging after a bolus injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine (double-echo perfusion-weighted MR imaging) to simultaneously determine tumor blood volume without (V(T1U)) and with (V(T1C)) T1 shortening correction. MR imaging was performed in five consecutive patients with GBMs. The ratios of V(T1U) and V(T1C) were calculated and compared by means of quantitative analysis. The degree of tumor blood volume as determined by V(T1U) and V(T1C) maps were qualitatively compared using a three-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All GBMs showed contrast enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images. In all subjects, the values of V(T1U) were significantly lower than those of V(T1C) (mean +/- SD, 2.05 +/- 1.01 vs. 3.62 +/- 1.40, respectively [P <.05]), indicating that tumor blood volume obtained by double-echo perfusion-weighted MR imaging was significantly higher than that by single-echo imaging. In the qualitative analysis, tumor blood volume on the V(T1U) map was less conspicuous than that on the V(T1C) map.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful attention should be paid to the underestimation of tumor blood volume resulting from T1 shortening effects when using single-echo perfusion-weighted MR imaging. Double-echo imaging may be more suitable for the analysis of blood volume in GBMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001810:Blood Volume; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA