Effects of mobile phone radiation on X-ray-induced tumorigenesis in mice.
The increased use of mobile phones has raised the question of possible health effects of such devices, particularly the risk of cancer. It seems unlikely that the low-level radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted by them would damage DNA directly, but its ability to act as a tumor promoter is less well characterized. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of low-level RF radiation on the development of cancer initiated in mice by ionizing radiation. Two hundred female CBA/S mice were randomized into four equal groups at the age of 3 to 5 weeks. The mice in all groups except the cage-control group were exposed to ionizing radiation at the beginning of the study and then to RF radiation for 1.5 h per day, 5 days a week for 78 weeks. One group was exposed to continuous NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephones)-type frequency-modulated RF radiation at a frequency of 902.5 MHz and a nominal average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.5 W/kg. Another group was exposed to pulsed GSM (Global System for Mobile)-type RF radiation (carrier-wave frequency 902.4 MHz, pulse frequency 217 Hz) at a nominal average SAR of 0.35 W/kg. The control animals were sham-exposed. Body weight, clinical signs, and food and water consumption were recorded regularly. Hematological examinations and histopathological analyses of all lesions and major tissues were performed on all animals. The RF-radiation exposures did not increase the incidence of any neoplastic lesion significantly. We conclude that the results do not provide evidence for cancer promotion by RF radiation emitted by mobile phones.
Heikkinen
P
P
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
Kosma
V M
VM
Hongisto
T
T
Huuskonen
H
H
Hyysalo
P
P
Komulainen
H
H
Kumlin
T
T
Lahtinen
T
T
Lang
S
S
Puranen
L
L
Juutilainen
J
J
D000818:Animals; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000528:radiation effects; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000528:radiation effects; D013689:Telephone; D014965:X-Rays