title: Treatment of symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasm by endoscopic injections of botulinum toxin: a prospective study with long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diffuse esophageal spasm is a rare esophageal motility disorder for which there are no satisfactory pharmacologic alternatives for treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is an effective short- and long-term treatment for patients with symptoms caused by diffuse esophageal spasm. Whether recurrence of clinical symptoms can be successfully retreated by BTX injection was also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine symptomatic patients (6 women, 3 men; 57-86 years) with manometrically proven diffuse esophageal spasm underwent BTX injection. One hundred IU BTX were diluted in l0 mL of saline solution and injected endoscopically at multiple sites along the esophageal wall beginning in the region of the lower esophageal sphincter and moving proximally in 1- to 1.5-cm intervals, and into endoscopically visible contraction rings. Symptom scores based on an analogue scale for dysphagia, regurgitation, and noncardiac chest pain were assessed before and after therapy, 1 day thereafter, and at 1 and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms improved immediately in 7 (78%) patients after 1 injection session. After 4 weeks 8 (89%) patients were in remission with a decrease in total symptom score. The total symptom score decreased from a median 8.0 (interquartile range: 6.75; 9.0) before treatment to 2.0 (1.5; 3.75) after 1 day (p < 0.01) and to 2.0 (interquartile range: 0.75; 3.0) after 1 month (p < 0.01). After 6 months all 8 patients with a response at 1 month still had a symptom score of 3 or less without further treatment. Subsequently 4 patients required reinjection 8, 12, 15, or 24 months after the initial treatment with similarly good results. No serious adverse effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTX injection at several levels of the tubular esophagus is an effective treatment for patients with symptoms caused by diffuse esophageal spasm. Symptom relapse can be effectively treated by repeated BTX injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storr
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Allescher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weigert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Classen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015155:Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins