title: Active and cognitive impairment-free life expectancies: results from the Melton Mowbray 75+ health checks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate active and cognitive impairment-free life expectancy at older ages from longitudinal data collected during two consecutive rounds of health checks for patients aged > or =75 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single, large general practice serving Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK, and its surrounding area.
  
  
  METHODS
  active life expectancy was defined by independence in seven activities of daily living (mobility, transfer from bed, transfer from chair, bathing, feeding, dressing, using the toilet). Cognitive impairment was defined by a score of < or =7 on the information/orientation subtest of the Clifton Assessment Procedures of the Elderly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed 1557 people aged > or =75 years at baseline. Active life expectancy at age 75 was 4.6 years for men and 3.1 years for women (50.5 and 29.2% of remaining life). Cognitive impairment-free life expectancy at age 75 was 8.4 years for men and 9.9 years for women (92.3 and 93.4% of remaining life). The proportion of active life decreased dramatically with age in both sexes: after the age of 87, almost all of remaining life was spent with some activity restriction. The proportion of life free from cognitive impairment, in comparison, decreased slowly in men and remained relatively constant in women at around 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extra years lived by women over men appear to be spent with some form of activity restriction, although not all with cognitive impairment. Monitoring these trends over time will be important to ascertain whether we are exchanging longer life for poorer health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauvaget
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Arthur
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness; D015995:Prevalence; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology