title: Heterogeneous expression of connexins in rabbit sinoatrial node cells: correlation between connexin isotype and cell size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intercellular coupling through gap junctions allows the morphologically and functionally heterogeneous sinoatrial node to synchronize and drive the atrial muscle. The purpose of this study was to identify the connexin isotypes expressed by sinoatrial node cells and to analyse the density of connexins in relation to cell size.
  
  
  METHODS
  Labeling for the different connexins using isotype-specific antibodies was assessed in cells isolated from the rabbit sinoatrial node by immunoconfocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sinoatrial node cells with a cell projection area smaller than 800 microm(2) were devoid of immunolabeling for connexin43. Such small cells showed high levels of connexin45 labeling (compared to that in large cells) and low levels of connexin40 labeling. Sinoatrial node cells with a projection area between 800 and 1200 microm(2) had a lower amount of connexin45 label and again a small amount of connexin40 but an increased amount of connexin43 label. In the larger sinoatrial node cells, some colocalization of connexin45 and connexin43 immunolabeled spots was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rabbit sinoatrial node cells are heterogeneous in terms of connexin expression, and there is a clear cell size-dependence in pattern of connexin expression. Small (putative central) cells express connexin45 but not connexin43, whereas larger (putative peripheral) cells express both connexin45 and connexin43. The co-localization of connexin43 and connexin45 in larger cells raises the possibility that heterotypic or heteromeric connexin43/connexin45 channels could be present in gap junctions at the periphery of the sinoatrial node.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. honjo@riem.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boyett
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Coppen
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagishi
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opthof
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Severs
authors.forename: Itsuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000032:analysis; D017630:Connexins / Q000032:analysis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097003:Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D017630:Connexins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000097003:Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein; C082920:connexin 45