title: Activation of p59(Fyn) leads to melanocyte dedifferentiation by influencing MKP-1-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.
abstract: Malignant melanoma is a cancer whose incidence is rising rapidly, but the mechanism by which normal melanocytes become malignant in vivo is still little understood. In the course of melanoma progression, a fraction of cells often becomes depigmented, which reflects the loss of the balance between mitogenic activities and differentiation in those pigment cells. A key factor involved in differentiation in pigment cells is mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, because both activation and inhibition of MAPK signaling is known to correlate with differentiation, its function in pigment cells is still unclear. We investigated the role of MAPK signaling in pigment cells using the melanoma-inducing receptor tyrosine kinase Xmrk. Xmrk signaling in mouse melanocytes suppressed differentiation and induced a transformed phenotype. We found that this was based on sustained MAPK activation caused by low and transient expression of MAPK-phosphatase MKP-1. The Src kinase p59(Fyn) was thereby identified as being crucial for the receptor-mediated suppression of differentiation by down-regulating MKP-1 expression. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of regulating the balance between differentiation and proliferation based on a Src kinase-modified MAPK activity. Moreover, they point to a new role for Src kinases in dedifferentiation and transformation of pigment cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Theodor-Boveri Institut, University of Würzburg, 97094 Würzburg, Germany. wellbrock@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wellbrock
authors.forename: Christin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weisser
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geissinger
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Troppmair
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schartl
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C494957:FYN protein, human; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; C517020:Dusp1 protein, mouse; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D013936:Thymidine