title: Persistent vertical binocular diplopia after cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence of, and factors associated with, persistent vertical diplopia after cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, all adult patients examined during a five year, five month period because of new onset persistent (>3 months) vertical binocular diplopia after cataract surgery were analyzed. All patients had their cataract surgery at the same outpatient ophthalmic surgery center, and were referred to the author, enabling calculation of incidence. Trends in anesthesia type and strabismus complications therefrom were also assessed. Comparison was made between ophthalmologist-administered retrobulbar anesthesia versus anesthesia staff-administered retrobulbar anesthesia. Incidence during a period in which hyaluronidase was not incorporated in the retrobulbar anesthetic was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persistent vertical diplopia occurred after cataract surgery in 32 (0.18%) of 17,531 eyes that had cataract surgery. No patient whose cataract surgery was conducted with topical anesthesia (3817 eyes) had persistent vertical diplopia, whereas 32 (0.23%) of the 13714 eyes whose cataract surgery was done after retrobulbar anesthesia were affected. No cases of persistent postoperative diplopia were found among 7410 cataract surgery eyes after retrobulbar injection given by one cataract surgeon. There was a threefold greater number of left eyes involved than right eyes (P <.005). No significant (P >.20) increase in cases of persistent vertical diplopia was noted during a period of hyaluronidase shortage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, persistent binocular vertical diplopia after cataract surgery occurred in 0.23% of cases in which retrobulbar anesthesia was performed. No cases were found after topical anesthesia. Occurrence may be technique-related.
authors.affiliation: Grene Vision Group, 655 North Woodlawn, Wichita, KS 67208, USA. Dajecwped@aol.com
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000293:injuries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local