title: Supervisory attentional system in nonamnesic alcoholic men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have shown that recently detoxified alcoholic persons perform poorly on tasks thought to be sensitive to frontal lobe damage, supporting the hypothesis that the frontal lobes are highly vulnerable to chronic alcohol consumption. However, it appeared that most of the executive tasks used in these studies also involved nonexecutive components, and these tasks had been shown to be impaired as a result of nonfrontal lobe lesions. In this study, we examined further the "frontal lobe vulnerability" hypothesis using executive tasks, proved to be associated with frontal lobe functioning, that allowed us to distinguish the relative importance of executive and nonexecutive processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty recently detoxified asymptomatic male alcoholic inpatients and 30 control subjects were tested for planning, inhibition, rule detection, and coordination of dual task, as well as the speed of processing and nonexecutive functions (such as short-term memory storage).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcoholics performed worse than controls in almost all tasks assessing executive functions. However, they were not slower than the controls and showed normal results for nonexecutive functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic alcohol consumption seems to be associated with severe executive function deficits, which are still present after a protracted period of alcohol abstinence. These data support the idea that the cognitive deficits in recently detoxified sober alcoholic subjects are due, at least partly, to frontal lobe dysfunctioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Free University of Brussels, Belgium. xnoel@ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van der Linden
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sferrazza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanak
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Le Bon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Mol
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kornreich
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pelc
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verbanck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000425:Alcohol Amnestic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values