title: Can HIV-1-contaminated syringes be disinfected? Implications for transmission among injection drug users.
abstract: Bleaching of syringes has been advocated to prevent HIV-1 transmission among injection drug users (IDUs). Bleach is frequently distributed by needle exchange, outreach, and educational programs targeting IDUs. We applied a sensitive HIV-1 microculture assay to determine the effectiveness of bleach in disinfecting syringes contaminated with HIV-1. This study demonstrates that in a laboratory environment designed to replicate injection behaviors, undiluted bleach is highly effective in reducing the viability of HIV-1 even after minimal contact time. However, it did not reduce the HIV-1 recovery to zero. Furthermore, three washes with water were nearly as effective as a single rinse with undiluted bleach in reducing the likelihood that contaminated syringes harbored viable HIV-1. Given the reality that IDUs share syringes and may not have access to a new, sterile syringe for each injection, the results suggest that they should be encouraged through harm reduction interventions to clean their syringes, preferably with undiluted bleach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdala
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gleghorn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heimer
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D013594:Syringes / Q000821:virology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite