title: Laser incision of ureterocele in the pediatric patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effectiveness of initial laser transurethral incision of ureterocele for relieving obstruction, prevention of infection and need for subsequent surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of 30 children with ureterocele treated between 1995 and 2000. Of 30 children 14 underwent initial transurethral laser incision of the ureterocele. Records and images were evaluated for mode of presentation, ureterocele location, thickness, and decompression, and relief of obstruction. The incidence of urinary tract infection, new onset vesicoureteral reflux, upper segment renal function and need for subsequent surgery after incision was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 5 boys and 9 girls in our series. Mean patient age at presentation was 17.5 months. There were 12 patients who had ectopic and 2 orthotopic ureteroceles. Ureterocele was defined as thick if ultrasound measurement was 4 mm. or greater. Thick ureterocele was present in 4 (28%) patients. All patients had ultrasound evidence of decompression of the ureterocele and upper tract with 1 treatment. Urinary infection risk was 0.015 per month of followup after incision. Vesicoureteral reflux was present in 8 of 12 (67%) ectopic systems before incision and 9 of 10 (90%) after. None had resolved reflux during followup. Upper pole renal function was assessed by renal scan and/or renal ultrasound. Upper pole function or increased cortical thickness was documented in 9 of 11 (82%) patients. Endoscopic laser incision was the only treatment required in 4 of 14 (28%) patients, including 2 with orthotopic and 2 ectopic ureteroceles. Of 14 patients 5 (36%) had undergone definitive surgery and 5 were followed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic laser incision of ureterocele allows a precise incision and decompression of the ureterocele with 1 treatment. Laser incision of ureterocele should be considered as the initial treatment in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marr
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Skoog
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000517:prevention & control