title: Clinical and objective data on spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon.
abstract: Ischemic vascular disease of the upper extremity represents a difficult therapeutic problem wherein medical treatment often fails. Epidural spinal cord stimulation has been shown to be an effective alternative in severe peripheral arterial disease. Although this method has been used for nearly two decades only limited experience exists in Raynaud's phenomenon of the upper limbs. In addition objective parameters to prove therapeutic success are not well defined. Herein we describe a patient with severe primary Raynaud's phenomenon over several years who had significant pain relief and complete healing of ischemic digital ulcerations after spinal cord stimulation. Pain level was evaluated using a visual rating scale before and after surgery. Microcirculatory parameters were assessed before and after spinal cord stimulation by capillary microscopy and laser Doppler anemometry. Significant improvement of red blood cell velocity, capillary density, and capillary permeability was demonstrated. At follow-up 18 months after surgery the patient had no complaints and all ulcerations of her fingertips had healed. Spinal cord stimulation appears to be an effective treatment in severe cases of Raynaud's phenomenon and we recommend its use in the case of failed medical therapy. Pain rating and capillary microscopy enable one to assess and visualize the effects of spinal cord stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neuhauser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perkmann
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Klingler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giacomuzzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fraedrich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D013116:Spinal Cord