title: Should future risk-of-fracture analyses include another major risk factor? The case for falls.
abstract: This article proposes two things. (i) The major risk of so-called osteoporotic fractures that affect extremity bones (hips, wrists, etc.) consists of falls. Impairments of balance, vision, muscle strength, and neuromuscular coordination increase falls in aging adults, and when an osteopenia coexists, that makes such fractures more likely than otherwise. (ii.) Risk-of-fracture studies should separate patients who develop fractures from falls or injuries, from patients in whom fractures occur spontaneously, meaning during ordinary voluntary physical activities instead of from any kind of trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southern Colorado Clinic, PO Box 9000, Pueblo, CO 81008-9000, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Frost
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors