title: Differential effects of atropine and isoproterenol on inducibility of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency ablation of the "slow pathway" in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) relies on tachycardia non-inducibility after ablation as success criterion. However, AVNRT is frequently non-inducible at baseline. Thus, autonomic enhancement using either atropine or isoproterenol is frequently used for arrhythmia induction before ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 patients (57 women, 23 men, age 50+/-14 years) undergoing slow pathway ablation for recurrent AVNRT were randomized to receive either 0.01 mg/kg atropine or 0.5-1.0 microg/kg/min isoproterenol before ablation after baseline assessment of AV conduction. The effects of either drug on ante- and retrograde conduction was assessed by measuring sinus cycle length, PR and AH interval, antegrade and retrograde Wenckebach cycle length (WBCL), antegrade effective refractory period (ERP) of slow and fast pathway and maximal stimulus-to-H interval during slow and fast pathway conduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inducibility of AVNRT at baseline was not different between patients randomized to atropine (73%) and isoproterenol (58%) but was reduced after atropine (45%) compared to isoproterenol (93%, P<0.001). Of the 28 patients non-inducible at baseline isoproterenol rendered AVNRT inducible in 21, atropine in 4 patients. Dual AV nodal pathway physiology was present in 88% before and 50% after atropine compared to 83% before and 73% after isoproterenol. Whereas both drugs exerted similar effects on ante- and retrograde fast pathway conduction maximal SH interval during slow pathway conduction was significantly shorter after isoproterenol (300+/-48 ms vs. 374+/-113 ms, P=0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoproterenol yields higher AVNRT inducibility than atropine in patients non-inducible at baseline. This may be caused by a more pronounced effect on antegrade slow pathway conduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany. Christoph.Stellbrink@post.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stellbrink
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diem
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schauerte
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brehmer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schuett
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanrath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001285:Atropine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D001285:Atropine; D007545:Isoproterenol