title: Adrenergic nervous activity in patients after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was done to define the role of the autonomic nervous system in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Subsequent to surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot, patients are at long-term risk of sudden death owing to ventricular electrical instability. The status of the sympathetic nervous system in these patients, known to play an important role in other patients at risk, remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used (123)I metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) with tomographic imaging, combined with assessment of heart rate variability (HRV), to evaluate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. We analyzed 22 patients who had undergone total correction of tetralogy of Fallot: 13 with either no or minor ventricular arrhythmias, and 9 with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of HRV revealed a reduction in vagal control and sympathetic dominance in all patients compared with a healthy control group of 20 subjects. A significant difference was found in the standard deviation of all the adjacent intervals between normal beats (SDNN) in patients with or without severe ventricular arrhythmias. A significant reduction in uptake of (123)I MIBG was demonstrated 30 min after IV injection, and a trend toward reduction after 5 h, associated with reduced washout indices. These data reflect a decrease in the number of nerve endings in the right and left ventricular walls, and an inhomogeneous distribution of the adrenergic nervous system. The uptake of MIBG was significantly reduced in the patients at risk of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subsequent to surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot, the positive correlation between myocardial uptake of MIBG, SDNN and the QRS dispersion confirmed the usefulness of analysis of the adrenergic nervous system to stratify patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy. luciano.daliento@unipd.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daliento
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Folino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zanco
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Baratella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dalla Volta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology