title: Effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan on cardiac performance during porcine endotoxin shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac dysfunction during septic shock is well described but the underlying mechanisms still remain to be resolved. This study was conducted to elucidate the involvement of endothelin in cardiac function during endotoxin shock by the use of endothelin receptor antagonism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anaesthetised and haemodynamically stable landrace pigs received the nonpeptide mixed endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan, two hours after onset of endotoxaemia (n=7). Cardiopulmonary vascular changes, including cardiac index, stroke work index, coronary artery blood flow, rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt), and arterial and coronary sinus plasma levels of endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity were compared to a control group only receiving endotoxin (n=7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity increased threefold in the control group. Bosentan effectively counteracted the endotoxin induced decrease in cardiac index. This was accompanied by a significant reduction of both right and left ventricular afterload. In addition, coronary artery blood flow increased and coronary vascular resistance decreased compared to controls. Dp/dt remained unaffected by endothelin receptor antagonism. A further increase in plasma endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity was seen in response to bosentan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the increased endothelin production during endotoxaemia contributes to a depressed cardiac performance and that endothelin receptor antagonism may counteract this development. Possible mechanisms for the improved cardiac performance include both a reduction of afterload and enhanced coronary blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. michael.wanecek@kirurgi.ki.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanecek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weitzberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alving
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudehill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oldner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077300:Bosentan; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077300:Bosentan