title: Delayed secondary glucocorticoid responsiveness of MYOC in human trabecular meshwork cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the glucocorticoid responsiveness of the glaucoma gene MYOC (myocilin/TIGR) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  MYOC expression in two independently derived human TM cell lines was quantified by Western immunoblot analysis of protein levels and quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA levels. Promoter activity was measured indirectly with the luciferase reporter gene in a dual luciferase reporter assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) to cultured TM cells at 100 nM resulted in a delayed (8-16 hours) induction of myocilin. The concentration dependence (median effective concentration [EC(50)], approximately 10 nM) and reversal by the glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, implicates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In an interesting observation, RU486 alone acted as a partial agonist to MYOC expression. Treatment of TM cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide abolished the Dex induction, suggesting an indirect effect of the GR on MYOC expression. In addition, the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D also blocked Dex induction, indicating that the Dex effect was due to increased MYOC transcription. Analysis of up to 2700 nucleotides (nt) of the MYOC gene 5'-flanking region in luciferase reporter constructs showed no Dex induction, despite the presence of multiple putative glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-like half-sites in the MYOC promoter and the presence of an intact cellular GR-mediated signaling system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MYOC is a delayed secondary glucocorticoid-responsive gene. Characterization of the transcription factors that mediate the secondary response will shed new light on the pathophysiology of steroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research R2-41, Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134-2099, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fingert
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D006801:Humans; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000099179:Myocilin
chemical_list: D003513:Cycloheximide; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D003609:Dactinomycin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D015735:Mifepristone; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D000099179:Myocilin