title: Severe reactions to filarial chemotherapy and release of Wolbachia endosymbionts into blood.
abstract: Wolbachia bacteria seem to have evolved as essential endosymbionts of their filarial nematode hosts. Studies in mice have suggested that these bacteria are associated with systemic inflammatory reactions to filarial chemotherapy. We took blood samples from 15 Indonesian patients before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine for Brugia malayi infection, and recorded the severity of any post-treatment inflammatory reactions. Blood from all three patients with severe adverse reactions and from one of six with moderate reactions was positive for Wolbachia DNA 4-48 h after diethylcarbamazine treatment. We suggest that these severe inflammatory reactions are associated with the release of endosymbionts into the blood after treatment for filariasis.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK. mark.taylor@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haarbrink
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Egerton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdanbakhsh
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017178:Brugia malayi; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005368:Filariasis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005369:Filaricides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005369:Filaricides; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine