title: Intergroup bias.
abstract: This chapter reviews the extensive literature on bias in favor of in-groups at the expense of out-groups. We focus on five issues and identify areas for future research: (a) measurement and conceptual issues (especially in-group favoritism vs. out-group derogation, and explicit vs. implicit measures of bias); (b) modern theories of bias highlighting motivational explanations (social identity, optimal distinctiveness, uncertainty reduction, social dominance, terror management); (c) key moderators of bias, especially those that exacerbate bias (identification, group size, status and power, threat, positive-negative asymmetry, personality and individual differences); (d) reduction of bias (individual vs. intergroup approaches, especially models of social categorization); and (e) the link between intergroup bias and more corrosive forms of social hostility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom. miles.hewstone@psy.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Miles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewstone
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Willis
mesh_terms: D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D011287:Prejudice; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012930:Social Dominance; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception; D013240:Stereotyping