title: S-Adenosylmethionine modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in rat liver and isolated hepatocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular availability of S-adenosylmethionine, the principal biological methyl donor, is compromised in situations of liver damage. S-Adenosylmethionine administration alleviates experimental liver injury and increases survival in cirrhotic patients. The mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of S-adenosylmethionine are not completely known. An inflammatory component is common to many of the pathological conditions in which S-adenosylmethionine grants protection to the liver. This notion led us to study the effect of S-adenosylmethionine administration on hepatic nitric oxide synthase-2 induction in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of S-adenosylmethionine on nitric oxide synthase-2 expression was assessed in rats challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and in isolated rat hepatocytes treated with proinflammatory cytokines. Interactions between S-adenosylmethionine and cytokines on nuclear factor kappa B activation and nitric oxide synthase-2 promoter transactivation were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S-Adenosylmethionine attenuated the induction of nitric oxide synthase-2 in the liver of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats and in cytokine-treated hepatocytes. S-Adenosylmethionine accelerated the resynthesis of inhibitor kappa B alpha, blunted the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and reduced the transactivation of nitric oxide synthase-2 promoter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the hepatoprotective actions of S-adenosylmethionine may be mediated in part through the modulation of nitric oxide production.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Majano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Monzón
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: García-Trevijano
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cámara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mato
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno-Otero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C083487:I kappa B beta protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat