title: Postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus infection after sexual or injection drug use exposure: identification and characterization of the source of exposure.
abstract: In a nonrandomized study of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), a cross-sectional evaluation of subjects who were the source of human immunodeficiency (HIV) exposure was performed to characterize partners of index subjects seeking nonoccupational PEP against HIV. Among 401 index subjects, 64 (16%) recruited a source subject. Those in a steady relationship and those who knew that the source subject was HIV antibody positive were more likely to recruit their source subject. Source subjects reported high rates of past (78%) and current (69%) antiretroviral use; 46% of those using antiretroviral drugs had detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Antiretroviral resistance was detected in many source subjects who reported any use of antiretrovirals and was rare among source subjects who reported no history of antiretroviral use. Clinicians often make treatment decisions on the basis of incomplete knowledge of the source subject's HIV status or antiretroviral treatment history. The treatment history, particularly nonuse of a class of antiretroviral drugs, can be used to predict drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: University of California at San Francisco, Div. of AIDS, Dept. of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. mroland@php.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hellmann
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bamberger
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chesney
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Franses
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016358:Contact Tracing; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral