title: Influence of ischemic preconditioning in myocardial protection in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization with intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. Analysis of ions and blood gases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that short periods of ischemia may increase the myocardial protection obtained with intermittent crossclamping of the aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the control group (18 patients), surgery was performed with systemic hypothermia at 32 degrees C and intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. Extracorporeal circulation was used. In the preconditioning group (17 patients), 2 crossclampings of the aorta lasting 3min each were added prior to the intermittent crossclamping of the conventional technique with an interval of 2min of reperfusion between them. Blood samples for analyses of pH, pCO2, pO2, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained from the coronary sinus at the beginning of extracorporeal circulation (time 1), at the end of the first anastomosis (time 2), and at the end of extracorporeal circulation (time 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was observed in the results of the 2 groups, except for a variation in the ionic values in the different times of blood withdrawal; sodium values, however, remained stable. All patients had a good clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of intermittent crossclamping of the aorta with moderate hypothermia were not altered by the use of ischemic preconditioning.
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. paulopego@incor.usp.br
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Jatene
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gentil
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwasnicka
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stolf
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000379:methods; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D003250:Constriction; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D007477:Ions / Q000097:blood; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007477:Ions