title: Effects of wild versus cultivated garlic on blood pressure and other parameters in hypertensive rats.
abstract: Two separate studies were performed on hypertensive rats to assess the effects of wild, uncultivated garlic on elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and other cardiovascular parameters. Also, effects of wild garlic and cultivated garlic preparations were compared and the mechanisms behind pressure-lowering abilities of different garlic preparations were examined. The initial study determined that wild garlic lowers blood pressure. In the second study, cardiovascular effects of three different concentrations of wild garlic and two different cultivated garlics, i.e., a preparation low in allicin and one high in allicin, were compared. All three garlic preparations decreased SBP significantly. Wild garlic produced the greatest pressure-lowering effects, and the least pressure-lowering effects were seen with low-allicin garlic. Compared with control rats, circulating angiotensin II levels were significantly lower in all garlic-eating rats. Losartan decreased blood pressure significantly less and Nw-nitro-L arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride (LNAME) increased blood pressure significantly more in garlic-eating rats than in control rats, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was less active and the nitric oxide system more active in garlic-consuming hypertensive rats. Accordingly, different garlic preparations, especially wild garlic, favorably influenced high SBP in hypertensive rats. These results suggest that both the RAS and the nitric oxide system are involved in the antihypertensive effects of garlic in hypertensive rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Nephrology) and Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road SE, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamadi
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Jarrell
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Andrawis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clouatre
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Preuss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004220:Disulfides; D005737:Garlic; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013441:Sulfinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D028321:Plant Preparations; D013441:Sulfinic Acids; C006452:allicin