title: A new device for frontal sinus endoscopy: first clinical report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopically or microscopically controlled paranasal sinus surgery currently represents the state of the art. For anatomic reasons the ostium of the frontal sinus and the frontal sinus itself are difficult to observe. Flexible endoscopes are often difficult to implement and do not provide enough light intensity to visualize all parts of the frontal sinus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A specially curved rigid endoscope with a working channel of 1.5 mm that allows passage into the frontal sinus has been developed to manage this problem. The system was used on 15 patients during paranasal sinus surgery to evaluate possible indications and its clinical usefulness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endoscope could be introduced into the frontal sinus after an ethmoidectomy had been performed in all of the patients. The anatomy of the sinus could be visualized with sufficient light intensity in 14 patients. The shadowing of the frontal sinus seen in CT was not due to polyps of the mucosa of the frontal sinus in all cases, but rather due to secretion with otherwise normal mucosa. In the cases with polyps, it was necessary to irrigate with saline solution to prevent the buoyant polyps from collapsing over the endoscope. The following specific indications for this endoscopic version were established during this first test: intraoperative and postoperative control of the frontal sinus, clinical evaluation of tumor growth into the frontal sinus, biopsies within the frontal sinus, and evaluation of fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new device provides further insight within the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Waldstrasse 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. heinrich.iro@hno.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zenk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D019723:Endoscopes / Q000592:standards*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012449:Safety; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride