title: Independent predictors of restenosis after percutaneous coronary revascularization in haemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous balloon angioplasty has become a well-established and routine procedure for coronary revascularization of haemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease. However, the incidence of restenosis after balloon angioplasty is significantly higher in haemodialysis patients than in the general population. We performed a retrospective study comparing balloon angioplasty with coronary stenting in haemodialysis patients. We evaluated the long-term clinical and angiographic outcome after successful percutaneous coronary revascularization in haemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 consecutive haemodialysis patients (123 lesions) underwent procedurally and clinically successful percutaneous revascularization. Patients were treated with three different strategies: (i) balloon angioplasty in 55 patients (69 lesions); (ii) coronary stenting with balloon angioplasty in 23 patients (25 lesions); and (iii) coronary stenting with rotational atherectomy in 25 patients (29 lesions) who had severely calcified stenotic coronaries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of in-hospital mortality were similar in the three groups. The 1-year incidence of overall events and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were significantly higher in the balloon group than in the stent with/without rotational atherectomy groups (75% vs 36 and 28%, P<0.01; 71% vs 32 and 28%, P<0.01). Use of coronary stenting (relative risk=0.006, P<0.001) and the presence of calcified coronary lesion (relative risk=68.2, P<0.001) were independent predictors of the 1-year MACE-free survival after percutaneous revascularization. The 3-year MACE-free survival rate was significantly lower in the balloon group than in the stent with/without rotational atherectomy groups (11% vs 33 and 47%, P<0.005 and P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that coronary stenting reduces the incidence of MACE in haemodialysis patients with/without calcified coronary lesions. Moreover, coronary stenting reduces the restenosis rate of both complex and restenotic lesions, and rotational atherectomy prior to coronary stenting reduces the restenosis rate of the severely calcified coronary lesions. These results suggest that coronary stenting with/without rotational atherectomy has led to an improved long-term outcome in the haemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ohashi Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. hiroki@oha.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saijyo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome