title: A novel keratocan mutation causing autosomal recessive cornea plana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mutations in keratocan (KERA), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, have recently been shown to be responsible for cases of autosomal recessive cornea plana (CNA2). A consanguineous pedigree in which cornea plana cosegregated with microphthalmia was investigated by linkage analysis and direct sequencing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linkage was sought to polymorphic microsatellite markers distributed around the CNA2 and microphthalmia loci (arCMIC, adCMIC, NNO1, and CHX10) using PCR and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before KERA was directly sequenced for mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive lod scores were obtained with markers encompassing the CNA2 locus, the maximum two-point lod scores of 2.18 at recombination fraction theta = 0 was obtained with markers D12S95 and D12S327. Mutation screening of KERA revealed a novel single-nucleotide substitution at codon 215, which results in the substitution of lysine for threonine at the start of a highly conserved leucine-rich repeat motif. Structural modeling predicts that the motifs are stacked into an arched beta-sheet array and that the effect of the mutation is to alter the length and position of one of these motifs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes a novel mutation in KERA that alters a highly conserved motif and is predicted to affect the tertiary structure of the molecule. Normal corneal function is dependent on the regular spacing of collagen fibrils, and the predicted alteration of the tertiary structure of KERA is the probable mechanism of the cornea plana phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, UK EC1V 9EL.
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: El-ashry
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ebenezer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ocaka
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ficker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D005260:Female; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology*; D010375:Pedigree; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C490948:KERA protein, human; D011509:Proteoglycans