title: Contact with farming environment as a major risk factor for Shiga toxin (Vero cytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli O157 infection in humans.
abstract: In a prospective, unmatched case-control study of sporadic Shiga toxin (Vero cytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) infection in England, exposure to the farming environment emerged strongly as a risk factor (adjusted odds ratio = 2.45; 95% confidence intervals = 1.49-4.02; p=0.0004) posing further challenges and opportunities for prevention.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Diseases Division, Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, England, United Kingdom. sobrien@phls.org.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilham
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004777:Environment; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D022603:Shiga Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D022603:Shiga Toxins