title: Determinants of renal microvascular response to ACh: afferent and efferent arteriolar actions of EDHF.
abstract: The renal microvascular actions of ACh were investigated using the in vitro perfused hydronephrotic rat kidney. ACh reversed ANG II-induced vasoconstriction in the afferent and efferent arteriole by 106 +/- 2 and 75 +/- 5%, respectively. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase [NOS; 100 micromol/l N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] and cyclooxygenase (COX; 10 micromol/l ibuprofen) prevented the sustained response of the afferent arteriole but did not reduce the magnitude of the initial dilation (97 +/- 7%). However, NOS/COX inhibition abolished the response of the efferent arteriole. The underlying mechanisms mediating this endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-like response were characterized using K channel blockers. Ba (100 micromol/l), tetraethylammonium (1 mmol/l), and ouabain (3 mmol/l) had no effect, arguing against a role of an inward rectifier K channel, large-conductance Ca-activated K channel, or Na,K-ATPase. Charybdotoxin (10 nmol/l) and apamin (1.0micromol/l) attenuated the response when administered alone (63 +/- 7% and 37 +/- 5%, respectively) and abolished the response when coadministered (0.1 +/- 1.0%). These findings indicate that, as in other vascular beds, the renal EDHF-like response to ACh involves K channels that are sensitive to a combination of apamin and charybdotoxin. Our finding that EDHF modulates preglomerular, but not postglomerular, tone is consistent with the evolving concept that vasomotor mechanisms in cortical efferent arterioles do not involve voltage-gated Ca entry.
authors.affiliation: Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rodger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loutzenhiser
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018999:Charybdotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000378:metabolism; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D019789:Tetraethylammonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D001030:Apamin; D001464:Barium; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000109:Acetylcholine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007052:Ibuprofen