title: Passive smoking in the home: plasma cotinine concentrations in non-smokers with smoking partners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risks of lung cancer and of heart disease attributable to passive smoking have been evaluated mainly in non-smokers married to smokers, but there has been little quantitative assessment of the extent of exposure in marriage partners as indicated by markers of inhaled smoke dose.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To relate plasma cotinine concentrations in non-smoking English adults to the smoking behaviour of their partners and to demographic and other factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population survey. Data from two years (1994 and 1996) of the Health Survey for England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma cotinine concentrations in non-smoking adults married to or cohabiting with a partner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a strong dose-response relation between cotinine concentrations in non-smoking adults and the smoking behaviour of their partners, rising from a geometric mean of 0.31 ng/ml in those with non-smoking partners to 1.99 ng/ml in those whose partners smoked 30 or more cigarettes per day. In addition, exposure was greater in men, in the autumn and winter, and in those living in more disadvantaged circumstances, and there was an increasing gradient of exposure from the south to the north of the country. On average, cotinine concentrations in non-smokers with a smoking partner were 0.6-0.7% of those in cigarette smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If cotinine is taken as a measure of risk relevant dose, the implied increase in risk of lung cancer in non-smokers with smoking partners is consistent with the risk observed in epidemiological studies. Smoking by partners in the home is a major source of non-smoking adults' exposure to passive smoking.
authors.affiliation: ICRF Health Behaviour Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 2-16 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK. martin.jarvis@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feyerabend
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedges
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Primatesta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018454:Spouses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine