title: Proliferation of prostate cancer cells in the bone marrow predicts recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of prostate specific antigen (PSA) mRNA has been used to detect the presence of prostate cancer cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with clinically localized disease. Some studies have demonstrated a correlation between detection of PSA-mRNA and disease recurrence. However, many RT-PCR-positive patients remain disease-free. We propose that phenotypic characterization of individual micrometastatic cells may provide more prognostic information than mere detection of such cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 58 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease whose bone marrow had been found to contain PSA-mRNA by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical detection and phenotypic characterization of micrometastatic cells was performed using a two-color technique: cytokeratin antibody for detection and the MIB-1 antibody for proliferation. The clinical endpoint was disease recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One or more micrometastatic cells were proliferating in 36.2% of the patients; the disease-free survival rate was 76.2% in this group. In contrast, in the patients with non-proliferating cells, 97.3% remained disease-free (P = 0.025). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of proliferating cells was the only preoperative variable that correlated with disease-free survival (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of the phenotype of individual micrometastatic cells can contribute prognostic information above and beyond the mere determination of their presence or absence. Phenotypic characterization of individual micrometastatic cells may ultimately be used to select patients for systemic therapy given either alone or in combination with local therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gomes de Oliveira
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Beaman
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cher
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen