title: Relaxation music decreases the dose of patient-controlled sedation during colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed to test the hypotheses that music decreases the dose of sedative medication required for colonoscopy and that the combination of music and patient-controlled sedation improves patient acceptance of colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-five patients scheduled to undergo elective colonoscopy were randomized to receive 1 of 3 different modes of sedation: Group 1, a combination of music and patient-controlled sedation with a mixture of propofol and alfentanil; Group 2, patient-controlled sedation alone; Group 3, music alone with diazemuls and meperidine administered intravenously if requested by the patient. Each bolus of patient-controlled sedation delivered 4.8 mg propofol and 12 microg alfentenil. Music was provided by means of a portable compact disc machine with headphones. Outcome measures assessed immediately after colonoscopy and 24 hours later included dose of patient-controlled sedation used, complications, recovery time, pain score, satisfaction score, and willingness to repeat the procedure with the same mode of sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) dose of propofol used in Group 1 was significantly less than Group 2 (0.84 mg/kg [0.69 mg/kg] vs. 1.15 mg/kg [0.83 mg/kg]; p = 0.02, t test). The mean (SD) satisfaction score was higher in Group 1 (7.8 [2.1]) compared with Group 2 (6.8 [2.3]) and Group 3 (7.4 [2.3]) (p = 0.05, 1-way analysis of variance). The majority of patients in Group 1 were willing to repeat the same mode of sedation when queried immediately after colonoscopy (87%) and 24 hours later (75%), which was significantly different from the corresponding results in the other 2 groups; p = 0.04 and p < 0.01 respectively, chi-square test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music can decrease the dose of sedative medication required for colonoscopy. The combination of music and patient-controlled sedation was the best-accepted mode of sedation among 3 groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Sheung Shui, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Danny W H
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kin-Wing
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Chi-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: Chi-Wah
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Kam-Hon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kwok-Sang
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.forename: Tak-Suen
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: Angus C W
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003113:Colonoscopy; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012064:Relaxation Therapy
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015760:Alfentanil; D008614:Meperidine; D003975:Diazepam; D015742:Propofol