title: Kupffer cell-mediated recruitment of rat dendritic cells to the liver: roles of N-acetylgalactosamine-specific sugar receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for antigen presentation. This study aimed to examine cellular and molecular mechanisms for DC recruitment to the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purified rat DCs were injected into circulation and their traffics were analyzed in normal and Kupffer cell-depleted rats by intravital confocal microscopy and immunohistology. Affinities of DCs to sinusoidal cells were examined by a cell-binding assay. DC precursor recruitment was induced by particulate injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both DC precursors and DCs at the antigen-transporting stage could be recruited to the liver, and their majority initially showed a selective binding to Kupffer cells. In the Kupffer cell-depleted rats, DCs could neither be recruited to the liver nor adhere to sinusoidal walls. Pretreatment with varied monosaccharides showed that sugar residues consisting of N-acetylgalactosamine were necessary for this binding. The binding was calcium-dependent, implying the C-type lectin involvement. Furthermore, DCs could endocytose N-acetylgalactosamine polymers in a receptor-specific manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DC-Kupffer cell binding through N-acetylgalactosamine-specific C-type lectin-like receptors is crucial for DC recruitment to the liver. Rat DCs at least partly possess receptors for endocytosis of galactosylated antigens. These DC receptors as well as Kupffer cell lectins are presumably responsible for this binding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy II, School of Medicine, Kuwamoto University, Kuwamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uwatoku
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ezaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saiki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuiji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suganuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuno
mesh_terms: D000116:Acetylgalactosamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000116:Acetylgalactosamine