title: Changes in fatty acid concentrations in tissues of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell, as a consequence of dietary carnitine, fat and lysine supplementation.
abstract: A study was undertaken to examine the effect of different dietary carnitine (200 and 1000 mg/kg diet) and fat (90 and 190 g/kg diet) supplementation on growth and fatty acid concentrations of fish fed either with a low- (13 g/kg) or a high-lysine (21 g/kg) diet. African catfish (22.7 g/fish), Clarias gariepinus Burchell, juveniles were stocked (sixteen aquaria, twenty-five fish per aquarium) and fed for a maximum of 74 d. Dietary lysine had a clear effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratios, but dietary carnitine supplements had no effect. High-carnitine supplements increased total carnitine content (P<0.0004) and reduced tissue free carnitine: acyl-carnitine ratio (P<0.05) compared with low-carnitine supplements. High-fat supplements decreased liver carnitine concentrations. Clear effects on liver fatty acid concentrations were observed in high-carnitine-fed fish compared with low-carnitine-fed fish. The primary liver fatty acids affected were n-6 (linoleic acid), n-3 (eicosapentanoic acid) and n-3 (docosahexanoic acid). The whole-body fatty acid balance suggested that n-3 disappeared (apparently by beta-oxidation) more readily than n-6 and/or n-3. From 774 mg n-3 eaten by high-lysine-high-fat-low-carnitine fish, 58 % was not assimilated into body tissues. High-carnitine-fed fish showed an increase in n-3 oxidation by 7 % compared with low-carnitine fish. Although dietary carnitine did not improve body growth, these results support the hypothesis that carnitine can enhance the mobilisation of long-chain fatty acids towards oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Fish Culture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Science (WIAS), Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands. Rodrigo_Ozorio@hotmail.com
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Ozório
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Uktoseja
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verreth
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002397:Catfishes; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008239:Lysine; D002331:Carnitine