title: DRL performance in mice with deletion of tPA, uPA or PAI-1 genes.
abstract: Plasminogen activators are serine proteases induced in the brain by electrical activity leading to synaptic remodelling. They are classified into two distinct subtypes, tissue plasminogen activating factor and urokinase plasminogen activating factor (tPA and uPA, respectively), which are both expressed in brain areas thought to be important in learning and memory. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of tPA and uPA activity, and is expressed in corresponding brain areas. Mice lacking tPA show a deficit in the acquisition of a 15 s differential reinforcement of low rate of responding (DRL15") task relative to their wild types (WTs) under certain conditions. The current set of experiments were designed to investigate further the role of tPA and to extend our knowledge to uPA and PAI-1, using mice with the respective genes deleted (uPA -/- and PAI-1 -/- mice) in the DRL15" task. uPA -/- mice showed no disruption of DRL acquisition, but PAI-1 -/- mice showed a deficit similar to that seen in tPA -/- mice. In an attempt to compensate for this deficit, experiments using a fixed number of reinforcers or a signalled-DRL15" schedule, similar to that used in rat lesion studies of DRL, were performed. tPA -/- mice were able to complete the signalled-DRL task as well as their WTs, and, similarly, PAI-1 -/- mice were able to learn the fixed-number-of-reinforcers-DRL15" schedule and the signalled-DRL schedule. These data indicate that uPA deletion does not affect performance of a standard DRL15" task, whereas deletion of PAI-1 has the same behavioural consequences in these tasks as deletion of tPA. Deficits of both genotypes can be attenuated by providing either external information on completion of the delay or by equalizing the number of reinforcers obtained.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Horwood
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Ripley
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009042:Motivation; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator