Chromosomal breakage syndromes and the BRCA1 genome surveillance complex.
Chromosomal instability can occur when the DNA damage response and repair process fails, resulting in syndromes characterized by growth abnormalities, hematopoietic defects, mutagen sensitivity, and cancer predisposition. Mutations in ATM, NBS1, MRE11, BLM, WRN, and FANCD2 are responsible for ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Nijmegen breakage syndrome, AT-like disorder, Bloom and Werner syndrome, and Fanconi anemia group D2, respectively. This diverse group of disorders is thought to be linked through protein interactions with the breast cancer tumor susceptibility gene product, BRCA1. BRCA1 forms a multi-subunit protein complex referred to as the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC), which includes DNA damage repair proteins such as MSH2-MSH6 and MLH1, as well as ATM, NBS1, MRE11, and BLM. Although still controversial, this finding suggests similarities in the pathogenesis of the human chromosome breakage syndromes and a complementary role for each protein in DNA structure surveillance or damage repair.
Futaki
M
M
Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Liu
J M
JM
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019457:Chromosome Breakage / Q000235:genetics*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008954:Models, Biological; D021122:Protein Subunits; D013577:Syndrome
D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D021122:Protein Subunits