title: Childhood peptic ulcer in the Ural area of Russia: clinical status and Helicobacter pylori-associated immune response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relation of between Helicobacter pylori and the symptoms in children is still controversial. Determination of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to H. pylori may represent a useful test to screen the patients with acid peptic disease in childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the spectrum of clinical symptoms, endoscopic and histologic lesions, and clinical value of serum IgG response to H. pylori in school-aged children residing in the Ural area of Russia for the identification of Helicobacter -related acid-peptic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 1998, 129 pediatric outpatients (mean age, 12.1 +/- 2.3 years; age range, 10-15 years; 41 boys, 88 girls) were undergoing gastroduodenal endoscopy for evaluation of chronic abdominal pain. H. pylori colonization was determined by histology, urease test, and polymerase chain reaction. H. pylori IgG antibodies were found by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a high prevalence of H. pylori infection (80%) and peptic ulcers (24%) among the study group. Duodenal ulcers were detected in 31 of the children; all of them were H. pylori positive. Family history of peptic ulcers, nighttime pain associated with nocturnal awakening, fasting pain relieved by food, pain associated with meals, postprandial pain, bitter taste, and heartburn were the clinical signs that helped to distinguish the ulcer-positive children from the ulcer-negative H. pylori group. Duodenal ulcer patients had higher anti- H. pylori IgG titers compared with the levels of IgG antibodies in the infected children without ulcers ( P < 0.001). Peptic ulcer disease was a more common finding in the Ural ethnic group of Asians (Bashkirs) compared with the pediatric population of Russian origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide further evidence for a causal relation between H. pylori -associated peptic ulcer disease in childhood and relevant clinical symptoms. High titers of anti- H. pylori IgG might serve as a useful noninvasive indicator of ulcer disease.
authors.affiliation: Children's Republican Hospital, P.O. Box 4894, Ufa-57, 450057, Russia. endosg@soros.bashedru.ru
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nijevitch
authors.forename: V U
authors.initials: VU
authors.lastname: Sataev
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vakhitov
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Loguinovskaya
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kotsenko
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012426:Russia; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G