title: BID mediates neuronal cell death after oxygen/ glucose deprivation and focal cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Mitochondria and cytochrome c release play a role in the death of neurons and glia after cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we investigated whether BID, a proapoptotic promoter of cytochrome c release and caspase 8 substrate, was expressed in brain, activated after an ischemic insult in vivo and in vitro, and contributed to ischemic cell death. We detected BID in the cytosol of mouse brain and primary cultured mouse neurons and demonstrated, by using recombinant caspase 8, that neuronal BID also is a caspase 8 substrate. After 2 h of oxygen/glucose deprivation, BID cleavage was detected in neurons concurrent with caspase 8 activation but before caspase 3 cleavage. Bid(-/-) neurons were resistant to death after oxygen/glucose deprivation, and caspase 3 cleavage was significantly reduced; however, caspase 8 cleavage did not differ from wild type. In vivo, BID was cleaved 4 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volumes and cytochrome c release also were less in Bid(-/-) mice (-67% and -41%, respectively) after mild focal ischemia. These findings suggest that BID and the mitochondrial-amplification pathway promoting caspase activation contributes importantly to neuronal cell death after ischemic insult.
authors.affiliation: Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129,USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plesnila
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zinkel
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin-Hanjani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiarugi
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kohane
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Korsmeyer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494815:Bid protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen