title: Regulation of c-fos induction in lens epithelial cells by 12(S)HETE-dependent activation of PKC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  12(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)HETE), a 12-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, is required for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent DNA synthesis and c-fos induction in lens epithelial cells. The present study was undertaken to identify signal transduction events upstream of c-fos induction that may be regulated by 12(S)HETE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rabbit lens epithelial cell line, N/N1003A, was cultured in serum-free medium, with or without EGF. Activation of PKC and other selected enzymes was examined in the presence of the lipoxygenase inhibitor baicalein and/or exogenous 12(S)HETE. Relative abundance of PKC isoforms in subcellular fractions was determined by immunoblot analysis with isoform-specific antibodies. PKC activity in subcellular fractions was measured by peptide substrate phosphorylation, with and without pseudosubstrate peptide inhibitor. Phosphorylated enzymes were detected by immunoblot analysis. Relative levels of c-fos mRNA were determined by RT/PCR with internal standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baicalein blocked EGF-dependent translocation and activation of PKC, without affecting phosphorylation of Erk1/2. Of several PKC isoforms investigated (alpha, betaI, betaII, and gamma), only PKCalpha and betaII were significantly activated by EGF and inhibited by baicalein. 12(S)HETE, in combination with EGF, countered the effect of lipoxygenase inhibitors on PKC activation, and 12(S)HETE in the absence of EGF stimulated PKC translocation. Also of note, 12(S)HETE alone activated PKCgamma, an isoform that was not significantly activated by EGF. Inhibiting PKC activation with GF109203X blocked induction of c-fos by EGF but did not affect EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Erk1/2, indicating that the effect of PKC on c-fos induction is independent of the Erk1/2 pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In lens epithelial cells, 12(S)HETE-dependent activation of PKCalpha and betaII acts in concert with other EGF-dependent signals to induce c-fos mRNA.
authors.affiliation: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6/Rm 214, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2730, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Zelenka
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016762:Genes, fos; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; D007211:Indoles; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008301:Maleimides; C006680:baicalein; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I