title: Motor learning-dependent synaptogenesis is localized to functionally reorganized motor cortex.
abstract: The regional specificity and functional significance of learning-dependent synaptogenesis within physiologically defined regions of the adult motor cortex are described. In comparison to rats in a motor activity control group, rats trained on a skilled reaching task exhibited an areal expansion of wrist and digit movement representations within the motor cortex. No expansion of hindlimb representations was seen. This functional reorganization was restricted to the caudal forelimb area, as no differences in the topography of movement representations were observed within the rostral forelimb area. Paralleling the physiological changes, trained animals also had significantly more synapses per neuron than controls within layer V of the caudal forelimb area. No differences in the number of synapses per neuron were found in either the rostral forelimb or hindlimb areas. This is the first demonstration of the co-occurrence of functional and structural plasticity within the same cortical regions and provides strong evidence that synapse formation may play a role in supporting learning-dependent changes in cortical function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1K 3M4. jeffrey.kleim@uleth.ca
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kleim
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbay
authors.forename: Natalie R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Chelsea N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Reidel
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Remple
authors.forename: Randolph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nudo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005552:Forelimb; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*