title: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter influences amnion cell MMP-1 expression and risk for preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes.
abstract: Interstitial collagen gives fetal membranes tensile strength, and membrane rupture has been attributed to collagen degradation. A polymorphism at -1607 in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter (an insertion of a guanine (G)) creates a core Ets binding site and increases promoter activity. We investigated whether this polymorphism is functionally significant for MMP-1 expression in amnion cells and whether it is associated with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM). The 2G promoter had >2-fold greater activity than the 1G allele in amnion mesenchymal cells and WISH amnion cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased mesenchymal cell nuclear protein binding with greater affinity to the 2G allele. Induction of MMP-1 mRNA by PMA was significantly greater in cells with a 1G/2G or 2G/2G genotype compared with cells homozygous for the 1G allele. When treated with PMA, the 1G/2G and 2G/2G cells produced greater amounts of MMP-1 protein than 1G/1G cells. A significant association was found between fetal carriage of a 2G allele and PPROM. We conclude that the 2G allele has stronger promoter activity in amnion cells, that it confers increased responsiveness of amnion cells to stimuli that induce MMP-1, and that this polymorphism contributes to the risk of PPROM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Margrit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urbanek
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sammel
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macones
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuivaniemi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Jerome F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Strauss
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000201:enzymology*; D044383:Black People; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008545:Melanoma; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014481:United States; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1