title: Macrophage infiltration-associated thymidine phosphorylase expression correlates with increased microvessel density and poor prognosis in astrocytic tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the significance of thymidine phosphorylase (TP)/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/gliostatin in human glioma, we examined TP expression immunohistochemically in a series of 50 astrocytic tumors and correlated its expression with tumor angiogenesis and apoptosis, as well as prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of TP-positive cells were of macrophage origin, which was confirmed by immunostaining TP and CD68 on mirror sections. TP expression was significantly associated with glioma malignancy grading, intratumoral microvessel density, and VEGF expression but showed no relationship with apoptotic index or P53 expression. Regardless of glioma grading, patients with TP-positive tumors had a significantly shorter mean survival time than those with TP-negative tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that TP might play a crucial role in angiogenesis during glioma development, and immunodetection of TP is useful for clinical prediction. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the role of TP in glioma, which may provide insights into adequate TP-targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Medical University, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan. yaoyx@fmsrsa.fukui-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitai
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000032:analysis; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule