title: The significance of rapid intraoperative cytology in the evaluation of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal spread of cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the contribution of the rapid intraoperative cytology (peritoneal washing [PW] cytology together with imprint cytology performed on lymph node samples) in the assessment of peritoneal and retroperitoneal dissemination of cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine patients with clinical Stage IA2-IIA cervical cancer underwent PW cytology and imprint cytology performed on retroperitoneal lymph node samples during primary surgical treatment. Cytologic specimens were stained with the May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) techniques. Pertinent histologic sections of the cervical lesions, of the cell blocks prepared from PW sediments, and of the lymph node sampling were studied and compared with the cytologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PW cytology was positive in 2.5% of the patients, and lymph node imprints revealed metastases in 19% of the patients. Cervical adenocarcinomas presented increased rates of metastatic disease in both the peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneum. HE presented higher sensitivity in detecting malignant cells in the peritoneal fluids, while MGG gave more accurate results in the diagnosis of lymph node metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytologic evaluation of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal spread of cervical cancer by use of PW cytology and imprint cytology performed on lymph node samples contributes to the assessment of the extent of disease and therefore could be useful in further treatment of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genral Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece. ggalaz@med.duth.gr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anastasiadis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sivridis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koutlaki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tamiolakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galazios
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsikouras
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery