title: Precursor-directed production of erythromycin analogs by Saccharopolyspora erythraea.
abstract: Diketide N-acetylcysteamine (diketide NAC) thioester precursors were fed to 6-Deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) ketosynthase-1 inactivated (KS1 degree) Saccharopolyspora erythraea strains to produce 13-substituted erythromycin analogs. This direct feeding process potentially represents a simplified production process over the current analog production system. Titers of these analogs were observed to increase linearly with the diketide concentration up to a precursor-specific saturation level. However, the rate of product formation was lower and the rate of diketide consumption higher with S. erythraea than was previously observed with a recombinant strain of Streptomyces coelicolor. Several strategies were pursued to address the issue of these high diketide consumption rates: (1) elucidation of the locale of diketide degradation, (2) addition of beta-oxidation inhibitors to the cultures, and (3) addition of a sacrificial diketide enantiomer to occupy putative degradative enzymes. Additionally, repeated addition of diketide to an S. erythraea KS1 degrees culture indicated that the titer of these erythromycin analogs is also currently limited by a shorter production period than observed during erythromycin synthesis by the parent strain. These results indicate potential avenues for expanding the use of this precursor-directed system from the generation of limited quantities of erythromycin analogs to a large-scale production system for these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Process Science, Kosan Biosciences, Inc., 3832 Bay Center Place, Hayward, California 94544, USA. frykman@kosan.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frykman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leaf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Licari
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D016930:Saccharopolyspora / Q000378:metabolism*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004952:Esters; D004917:Erythromycin; D010100:Oxygen