title: Lack of adverse cognitive effects of 1 Hz and 20 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 100% of motor threshold over left prefrontal cortex in depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The potential therapeutic effects of repetative transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are being examined in various neuropsychiatric illnesses. This study assesses the cognitive performance of depressed patients receiving high or low frequency rTMS for 10 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 depressed patients participated in a randomized double-blind cross-over study exploring the antidepressant effects of 2 weeks (10 daily) of sham, 1 Hz, or 20 Hz rTMS administered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 100% of motor threshold (MT). A subgroup completed a battery of cognitive tests at baseline and following each 2-week phase of treatment, and differences in performance were assessed using paired t -tests and were correlated with the degree of clinical improvement using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no major changes in cognitive test scores as a result of 10 days of either 1 Hz or 20 Hz rTMS. Moreover, any minor attenuations in cognition were not related to the degree of clinical improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive functioning in many domains following 2 weeks of 1 Hz or 20 Hz rTMS at 100% MT over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depressed patients is not disrupted.
authors.affiliation: Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. speera@intra.nimh.nih.gov
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Speer
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Repella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Figueras
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Demian
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kimbrell
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome