title: A reusable, self-adhesive electrode for intraoperative stimulation in the lower limbs.
abstract: A suction-based stimulating electrode was designed and fabricated to allow intraoperative testing of lower-limb muscles during routinely scheduled surgical procedures. The suction device can adhere to a small exposure of muscle surface with reproducible contact forces and can maintain its geometric relationship to the underlying tissue for sufficient time to grade the resulting muscle contraction before removal and repositioning. When operated with a 10-cc syringe, the device can generate between 0 and 23 N of contact force; correlation between measured contact forces and those analytically predicted was 0.989. Preliminary animal testing indicates that the reusable device maintains its position over the nerve entry point even during vigorous active contractions of the stimulated muscle. Thus, it may be a valuable useful tool for locating the optimal site for a permanent electrode for functional electrical stimulation (FES) applications, as well as an ideal means of providing accurate and repeatable stimulation in various locations.
authors.affiliation: Motion Study Laboratory, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ohio 44106, USA. rxt24@cwru.edu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Triolo
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhadra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007866:Leg / Q000294:innervation; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions