title: Pain management in frail, community-living elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is a common problem among older people living in different community settings. As indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), pain can be relieved using pharmacologic agents. However, pain continues to be addressed inadequately.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of pain in frail elderly people living in the community and to evaluate the adequacy of pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a large collaborative observational study group, the Italian Silver Network Home Care project, that collected data on patients admitted to home health care programs. Twelve home health care agencies participated in the project evaluating the implementation of the Minimum Data Set for Home Care instrument. We enrolled 3046 patients, 65 years and older, in the present study. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of daily pain and analgesic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1341 individuals (39%, 49%, and 41% of those aged 65-74, 75-84, and > or = 85 years, respectively) reported daily pain. Of patients with daily pain, 25% received a WHO level 1 drug; 6%, a WHO level 2 drug; and 3%, a WHO level 3 drug (eg, morphine sulfate). Patients 85 years or older were less likely to receive analgesics compared with the younger patients (univariate odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.89). Another independent predictor of failing to receive any analgesic was low cognitive performance (adjusted odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily pain is prevalent among frail elderly patients living in the community and is often untreated, particularly among older and demented patients.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy. francesco_landi@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambassi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lattanzio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernabei
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000592:standards*; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics