Nitrogen dioxide exposure: effects on airway and blood cells.
This study examined the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) exposure on airway inflammation, blood cells, and antiviral respiratory defense. Twenty-one healthy volunteers were exposed on separate occasions to air and 0.6 and 1.5 ppm NO(2) for 3 h with intermittent moderate exercise. Phlebotomy and bronchoscopy were performed 3.5 h after each exposure, and recovered cells were challenged with respiratory viruses in vitro. Blood studies revealed a 4.1% NO(2) dose-related decrease in hematocrit (P = 0.003). Circulating total lymphocytes (P = 0.024) and T lymphocytes (P = 0.049) decreased with NO(2) exposure. Exposure to NO(2) increased the blood lymphocyte CD4(+)-to-CD8(+) ratio from 1.74 +/- 0.11 to 1.85 +/- 0.12 in males but decreased it from 1.88 +/- 0.19 to 1.78 +/- 0.19 in females (P < 0.001 for gender difference). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchial lavage increased with NO(2) exposure (P = 0.003). Bronchial epithelial cells obtained after exposure to 1.5 ppm NO(2) released 40% more lactate dehydrogenase after challenge with respiratory syncytial virus than with air exposure (P = 0.024). In healthy subjects, exposures to NO(2) at levels found indoors cause mild airway inflammation, effects on blood cells, and increased susceptibility of airway epithelial cells to injury from respiratory viruses.
Frampton
Mark W
MW
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642-8692, USA. mark_frampton@urmc.rochester.edu
Boscia
Joseph
J
Roberts
Norbert J
NJ
Azadniv
Mitra
M
Torres
Alfonso
A
Cox
Christopher
C
Morrow
Paul E
PE
Nichols
Joan
J
Chalupa
David
D
Frasier
Lauren M
LM
Gibb
F Raymond
FR
Speers
Donna M
DM
Tsai
Ying
Y
Utell
Mark J
MJ
D000328:Adult; D000388:Air; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D002470:Cell Survival; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000209:etiology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000209:etiology
D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide