title: Analysis of the raffinose family oligosaccharide pathway in pea seeds with contrasting carbohydrate composition.
abstract: Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are synthesized by a set of galactosyltransferases, which sequentially add galactose units from galactinol to sucrose. The accumulation of RFOs was studied in maturing seeds of two pea (Pisum sativum) lines with contrasting RFO composition. Seeds of the line SD1 accumulated stachyose as the predominant RFO, whereas verbascose, the next higher homolog of stachyose, was almost absent. In seeds of the line RRRbRb, a high level of verbascose was accumulated alongside with stachyose. The increase in verbascose in developing RRRbRb seeds was associated with galactinol-dependent verbascose synthase activity. In addition, a galactinol-independent enzyme activity was detected, which catalyzed transfer of a galactose residue from one stachyose molecule to another. The two enzyme activities synthesizing verbascose showed an optimum at pH 7.0. Both activities were almost undetectable in SD1. Maximum activity of stachyose synthase was about 4-fold higher in RRRbRb compared with SD1, whereas the activities of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase were only about 1.5-fold higher in RRRbRb. The levels of galactinol synthase and stachyose synthase activity were reflected by steady-state levels of corresponding mRNAs. We suggest that the accumulation of verbascose in RRRbRb was controlled by a coordinated up-regulation of the last steps of verbascose biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Physiology of Plants, Institute of Ecology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peterbauer
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Lahuta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blöchl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mucha
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gòrecki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D004187:Disaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011887:Raffinose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C005695:stachyose; C013536:6 beta-galactinol; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; C096645:inositol 1-alpha-galactosyltransferase; C113913:galactinol -raffinose galactosyltransferase; D011887:Raffinose