title: Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actinic keratoses (AKs) are epidermal skin lesions with the potential to develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Treatment at an early stage may prevent development of SCC. Current treatment options are highly destructive and associated with significant side-effects. Early studies with topical diclofenac were encouraging and led to its evaluation for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of AK. The present study was designed to further explore the therapeutic potential of this gel.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involved outpatients with a diagnosis of five or more AK lesions contained in one to three 5 cm(2) blocks. Patients received either active treatment (3% diclofenac gel in 2.5% hyaluronan gel) or inactive gel vehicle (hyaluronan) as placebo (0.5 g b.i.d. in each 5 cm(2) treatment area for 90 days). Assessments included the Target Lesion Number Score (TLNS), Cumulative Lesion Number Score (CLNS), and Global Improvement Indices rated separately by both the investigator (IGII) and patient (PGII).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results obtained from 96 patients at follow up (30 days after end of treatment) indicated that a significantly higher proportion of patients who received active treatment had a TLNS = 0 compared to the placebo group (50% vs. 20%; P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference between the two groups in CLNS, with 47% of patients in the active treatment group having a CLNS = 0 compared with only 19% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with an IGII score of 4 (completely improved) at follow-up was 47% in the active treatment group compared with only 19% in the placebo group (P < 0.001); for PGII these values were 41% vs. 17%, P < 0.001. Both treatments were well tolerated, with most adverse events related to the skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of AK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411, USA. jwolf@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tschen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017499:Porokeratosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D004008:Diclofenac; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid