title: Nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (RelA) transcription factor is constitutively activated in human gastric carcinoma tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been shown to play a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and oncogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in human gastric carcinoma tissues and, if so, to determine any correlation between NF-kappaB activity and clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  NF-kappaB activation was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 64 gastric carcinoma patients. We quantified nuclear staining of RelA as a marker of NF-kappaB activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear translocation of RelA was significantly high in tumor cells in comparison to that in adjacent normal epithelial cells (22.5 +/- 2.4% versus 8.6 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between NF-kappaB activation (nuclear translocation of RelA) and expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, an invasion-related factor and target of NF-kappaB in tumor cells (rho = 0.393; P = 0.0013). NF-kappaB activation was correlated with tumor invasion-related clinicopathological features such as lymphatic invasion of tumor cells (P = 0.0126), depth of invasion (P = 0.0539), peritoneal metastases (P = 0.0538), and tumor size (P = 0.0164).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, the data show that NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in human gastric carcinoma tissues and suggest that NF-kappaB activity is related to tumor progression due to its transcriptional regulation of invasion-related factors such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noshiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katano
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D021122:Protein Subunits; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; D021122:Protein Subunits; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator