title: Re-recession of the medial rectus muscles in patients with recurrent esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retrospective evaluation of changes in ocular motility after surgical re-recession of the medial rectus (MR) muscles as treatment of recurrent esotropia (ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe 115 patients (age, 11 months-77 years; median, 11.1 years; 83 children and 32 adults) with an average amount of non-accommodative ET before surgery of 18.7 PD (SD = 8.8 PD). Preoperative alignment, amount of re-recession, distance from insertion to the limbus, and postoperative alignment and versions were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In most cases, MR muscles were re-recessed to a fixed distance of 12 mm from the limbus, with unilateral re-recessions in cases with relatively small ET (typically < 20 PD) and bilateral re-recessions in cases with larger amounts of ET (typically > 20 PD). No clear relation was found between the amount of re-recession and the change in alignment in prism diopters. The success rate (esotropia [ET] < or = 10 PD or exotropia [XT] < or = 8 PD) 4 weeks to 8 months after surgery was 85%, with 4 patients still showing ET and 13 patients showing XT. Incidence of XT was higher for bilateral than for unilateral re- recessions. Significant underaction of the MR muscles was noted in 7% of the patients. None of the undercorrected patients and only 1 of the overcorrected patients were adults. Among adults, incidence of MR underaction was 4%. Long-term follow-up (8-120 months; median, 25 months) data from 59 patients indicated that good stability in alignment can be expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the notion that MR re-recession to 12 mm from the limbus successfully corrects recurrent ET up to 35 PD and that it is particularly effective in adults.
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest and University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felius
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stager
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stager
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity