title: DNA-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (helicaselike transcription factor) activates beta-globin transcription in K562 cells.
abstract: Correct developmental regulation of beta-like globin gene expression is achieved by preferential transcription of a gene at a given developmental stage, silencing of other beta-like gene promoters, and competition among these promoters for interaction with the locus control region (LCR). Several evolutionarily conserved DNA elements in the promoters of the beta-like genes and LCR have been studied in detail, and the role of their binding factors has been investigated. However, the beta-globin promoter includes additional evolutionarily conserved sequences of unknown function. The present study examined the properties of a 21-base pair (bp) promoter-conserved sequence (PCS) located at positions -115 to -136 bp relative to the transcription start site of the beta-globin gene. A helicaselike transcription factor (HLTF) belonging to the SWI2/SNF2 family of proteins binds to the PCS and a partly homologous sequence in the enhancer region of the LCR hypersensitive site 2 (HS2). Elevation of the level of HLTF in K562 erythroleukemic cells increases beta-promoter activity in transient transfection experiments, and mutations in the PCS that remove HLTF-binding regions abolish this effect, suggesting that HLTF is an activator of beta-globin transcription. Overexpression of HLTF in K562 cells does not affect the endogenous levels of gamma- and epsilon-globin message, but it markedly activates beta-globin transcription. In conclusion, this study reports a transcription factor belonging to the SWI2/SNF2 family, which preferentially activates chromosomal beta-globin gene transcription and which has not previously been implicated in globin gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
authors.forename: Milind C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Sherman M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weissman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D016296:Mutagenesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C100023:HLTF protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005914:Globins; D004247:DNA