title: Cervicovaginal lamina propria lymphocytes: phenotypic characterization and their importance in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251.
abstract: Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infections occur by the mucosal route. Thus, it is important to assess the immune responses to HIV in the vaginal, cervical, and rectal compartments. Here we quantitated the virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response and characterized the phenotype of lymphocytes in the genital tracts of naive macaques, macaques acutely or chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251, and macaques chronically infected with chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(KU2.) Vaginal biopsy samples or samples obtained at the time of euthanasia were used in this analysis. The percentage of Gag-specific, tetramer-positive T cells was as high as 13 to 14% of the CD3+ CD8+ T-cell population in the vaginal and cervical laminae propriae of both SIVmac251 and SHIV(KU2) chronically infected macaques. In most cases, the frequency of this response in the cervicovaginal compartment far exceeded the frequency in the blood or the draining iliac lymph node. Vaginal laminae propriae of naive macaques contained 55 to 65% CD3+ CD8+ cells and 28 to 34% CD3+ CD4+ cells, while the majority of intraepithelial cells were CD8+ T cells (75 to 85%). For the same cells, the surface expression of CD62L was low whereas that of alphaEbeta7 was high. No difference in the expression of CD45RA on CD8+ T cells was observed in the chronic stage of SIVmac251 infection. Although no decrease in the percentage of CD4+ cells in the genital tract was observed within the first 12 days of infection, by 6 weeks from SIVmac251 infection and thereafter the percentage of CD4+ T cells was decreased in the laminae propriae of the vagina and cervix. Expression of CD45RA did not differ in naive and acutely SIVmac251 infected macaques. Information on the quality and quantity of local immune responses may help in the design of vaccine strategies aimed at containing viral replication at the site of viral encounter.
authors.affiliation: Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Liljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stevceva
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kelsall
authors.forename: Janos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nacsa
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moniuszko
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hel
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tryniszewska
authors.forename: Genoveffa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000032:analysis; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008251:Macaca; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D010641:Phenotype; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D019040:E-Selectin; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; C091367:alpha E integrins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1