title: Gas concentration effects on secondary metabolite production by plant cell cultures.
abstract: One aspect of secondary metabolite production that has been studied relatively infrequently is the effect of gaseous compounds on plant cell behavior. The most influential gases are believed to be oxygen, carbon dioxide and other volatile hormones such as ethylene and methyl jasmonate. Organic compounds of interest include the promising antimalarial artemisinin (known as "qing hao su" in China where it has been a folk remedy for centuries) that is produced by Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood) and taxanes used for anticancer therapy that are produced by species of Taxus (yew). The suspension cultures of both species were grown under a variety of dissolved gas conditions in stoppered culture flasks and under conditions of continuous headspace flushing with known gas mixtures. An analysis is presented to show the culture conditions are such that equilibrium between the culture liquid and gas head-space is assured. The growth rate of the cells and their production rates of artemisinin and paclitaxel were determined. These and other parameters are correlated as functions of the gas concentrations. Interdependence of ethylene and methyl jasmonate is also explored with respect to regulation of secondary metabolite formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Bioresource Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. jlinden@lamar.colostate.edu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Haigh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mirjalili
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phisaphalong
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000378:metabolism; D037621:Artemisinins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D054883:Oxylipins; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000378:metabolism; D059828:Plant Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000962:Antimalarials; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D037621:Artemisinins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005030:Ethylenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C072239:methyl jasmonate; C036216:ethylene; C031327:artemisinin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D010100:Oxygen