title: Electrophysiological characteristics and outcome in patients with idiopathic right ventricular arrhythmia compared with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic right ventricular arrhythmias (IRVA) are responsive to medical and ablative treatment and have a benign prognosis. Arrhythmias caused by right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) are refractory to treatment and may cause sudden death. It is difficult to distinguish between these two types of arrhythmia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To differentiate patients with IRVA and ARVD by a conventional electrophysiological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 patients with a right ventricular arrhythmia were studied. They had no history or signs of any cardiac disease other than right ventricular dysplasia. They were classified as having IRVA (n = 41) or ARVD (n = 15) on the basis of family history, ECG characteristics, and various imaging techniques. They were further investigated by standard diagnostic electrophysiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were clearly distinguished by the electrophysiological study in the following ways: inducibility of ventricular tachycardia by programmed electrical stimulation with ventricular extrastimuli (IRVA 3% v ARVD 93%, p < 0.0001); presence of more than one ECG morphology during tachycardia (IRVA 0% v ARVD 73%, p < 0.0001); and fragmented diastolic potentials during ventricular arrhythmia (IRVA 0% v ARVD 93%, p < 0.0001). Data from the clinical follow up in these patients supported the diagnosis derived from the electrophysiological study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with IRVA or ARVD can be distinguished by specific electrophysiological criteria. A diagnosis of ARVD can be made reliably on the basis of clinical presentation, imaging techniques, and an electrophysiological study.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, University of Milan, IRCCS, Fondazione "I Monzino", Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niroomand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carbucicchio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tondo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fassini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Apostolo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trevisi
authors.forename: P Della
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Bella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019571:Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003657:Decision Making; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged