title: Neurogenesis of heterotopic gray matter in the brain of the microcephalic mouse.
abstract: Neurogenesis of heterotopic gray matter in the brain of the microcephalic mouse prenatally exposed to X-rays at embryonic day 13 (E13) was studied immunohistochemically. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a marker to label the migrating position of neuroblasts generated at various embryonic stages showed that no "inside-out" pattern of neuronal migration occurred in the heterotopic cell mass similar to that seen in the laminated cortex. Further results in which midkind (MK) immunoreactive radial glial fibers did not appear in the heterotopic cell mass demonstrated that heterotopia formed in the absence of radial glia system. Different types of cells (pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons) in the heterotopic cell mass were identified with immunoreactivity for anti-parvalbumin and anti-calbindin D-28K antibodies in addition to current histological methods. Two major types of neurons were mixed together with random distribution in the heterotopic cell mass. This finding indicates that irradiation might have no selective effects on the precursors of pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons. Moreover, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining showed that numerous astrocytes were present in the heterotopic cell mass. The fact that astrocytes appeared in the heterotopia without the transition from classic radial glial cells to astrocytes suggests that astrocytes might be generated directly from a separate astroglial precursor.
authors.affiliation: The 4th Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. sun_s@nirs.go.jp
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hisano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inouye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D048429:Cell Size / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002828:Choristoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007395:Interneurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000078792:Midkine; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D000078792:Midkine; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine