title: Effects of pentylenetetrazole and glutamate on metabolism of [U-(13)C]glucose in cultured cerebellar granule neurons.
abstract: This study was performed to analyze the effects of glutamate and the epileptogenic agent pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) on neuronal glucose metabolism. Cerebellar granule neurons were incubated for 2 h in medium containing 3 mM [U-(13)C]glucose, with and without 0.25 mM glutamate and/or 10 mM PTZ. In the presence of PTZ, decreased glucose consumption with unchanged lactate release was observed, indicating decreased glucose oxidation. PTZ also slowed down tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity as evidenced by the decreased amounts of labeled aspartate and [1,2-(13)C]glutamate. When glutamate was present, glucose consumption was also decreased. However, the amount of glutamate, derived from [U-(13)C]glucose via the first turn of the TCA cycle, was increased. The decreased amount of [1,2-(13)C]glutamate, derived from the second turn in the TCA cycle, and increased amount of aspartate indicated the dilution of label due to the entrance of unlabeled glutamate into TCA cycle. In the presence of glutamate plus PTZ, the effect of PTZ was enhanced by glutamate. Labeled alanine was detected only in the presence of glutamate plus PTZ, which indicated that oxaloacetate was a better amino acid acceptor than pyruvate. Furthermore, there was also evidence for intracellular compartmentation of oxaloacetate metabolism. Glutamate and PTZ caused similar metabolic changes, however, via different mechanisms. Glutamate substituted for glucose as energy substrate in the TCA cycle, whereas, PTZ appeared to decrease mitochondrial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Olav Kyrresgt. 3, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Haytham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eloqayli
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Geirmund
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Unsgård
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sletvold
authors.forename: Hakam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hadidi
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sonnewald
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003292:Convulsants; D007773:Lactates; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole