title: Postmortem diffusion of drugs from the bladder into femoral venous blood.
abstract: We describe significantly elevated drug concentrations in the femoral venous blood due probably to postmortem diffusion from the bladder. A 16-year-old deceased male was found in a shallow ditch in winter. The estimated postmortem interval was 9 days and putrefaction was not advanced. The cardiac chambers contained fluid and coagulated blood and a small amount of buffy coat clots. Diffused hemorrhages were found in the gastric mucosa. The bladder contained approximately 600 ml of clear urine. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the urine disclosed allylisopropylacetylurea (a fatty acid ureide sedative), diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine and dihydrocodeine. The cause of death was considered to be drowning due to a drug overdose and cold exposure. The concentrations of diphenhydramine, free dihydrocodeine and total dihydrocodeine in the femoral venous blood (1.89, 3.27 and 3.30 microg/ml, respectively) were much higher than those in blood from the right cardiac chambers (0.294, 0.237 and 0.240 microg/ml, respectively). Urine concentrations of diphenhydramine, free dihydrocodeine and total dihydrocodeine were 22.6, 37.3 and 43.1 microg/ml, respectively. The stomach contained negligible amounts of diphenhydramine, free dihydrocodeine and total dihydrocodeine (0.029, 0.018 and 0.024 mg, respectively); concentrations of these drugs in the femoral muscle were 0.270, 0.246 and 0.314 microg/g, respectively. These results indicate that postmortem diffusion of diphenhydramine and dihydrocodeine from the bladder resulted in the elevated concentrations of these drugs in the femoral venous blood. Not only high urinary drug concentrations but also a large volume of urine in the bladder might accelerate the postmortem diffusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan. moriyaf@kochi-ms.ac.jp
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002744:Chlorpheniramine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003061:Codeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004058:Diffusion; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004332:Drowning; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005268:Femoral Vein; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D001743:Urinary Bladder
chemical_list: D002744:Chlorpheniramine; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D014508:Urea; C014481:dihydrocodeine; D003061:Codeine; C005700:apronalide