title: Risk factors for back pain among male farmers: analysis of Iowa Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Back pain causes considerable morbidity, disability, and economic loss among workers. Farmers handle heavy objects, often in awkward postures. However, the prevalence of back pain among farmers and the risk factors associated with back pain are not well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we assess the frequency of risk factors for back pain among 287 Iowa male farmers. From 1992 to 1994, using a mail questionnaire, we collected data on potential risk factors for back pain. Eighteen months later, we surveyed occurrence of back pain as the outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one percent of farmers reported having daily back pain for a week or more during the past 12 months compared to 18.5% in the general working population. Using a multiple logistic regression model, we found two factors associated with back pain: 45-59 years of age (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.02-4.43) and having a non-agricultural job as the major occupation (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 0.98-4.17, P = 0.055).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Farmers had a significantly higher prevalence of back pain than the general working population. Middle-aged farmers and those with additional non-agricultural jobs had the highest risk for back pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-5000, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Sprince
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Whitten
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Burmeister
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zwerling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology