title: Adverse effects of feline IL-12 during DNA vaccination against feline infectious peritonitis virus.
abstract: Cell-mediated immunity is thought to play a decisive role in protecting cats against feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a progressive and lethal coronavirus disease. In view of the potential of DNA vaccines to induce cell-mediated responses, their efficacy to induce protective immunity in cats was evaluated. The membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were chosen as antigens, because antibodies to the spike (S) protein of FIP virus (FIPV) are known to precipitate pathogenesis. However, vaccination by repeated injections of plasmids encoding these proteins did not protect kittens against challenge infection with FIPV. Also, a prime-boost protocol failed to afford protection, with priming using plasmid DNA and boosting using recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the same coronavirus proteins. Because of the role of IL-12 in initiating cell-mediated immunity, the effects of co-delivery of plasmids encoding the feline cytokine were studied. Again, IL-12 did not meet expectations - on the contrary, it enhanced susceptibility to FIPV challenge. This study shows that DNA vaccination failed to protect cats against FIP and that IL-12 may yield adverse effects when used as a cytokine adjuvant.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Harrie L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Glansbeek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands2.|Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Bart L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Haagmans
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Eddie G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Te Lintelo
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Herman F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Egberink
authors.affiliation: Virbac Laboratories Inc., 06511 Carros Cedex, France3.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duquesne
authors.affiliation: Virbac Laboratories Inc., 06511 Carros Cedex, France3.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Marian C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Horzinek
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Peter J M
authors.initials: PJM
authors.lastname: Rottier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019556:COS Cells; D002415:Cats; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D000086862:Coronavirus M Proteins; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D016765:Coronavirus, Feline / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016766:Feline Infectious Peritonitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019251:Nucleocapsid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D010957:Plasmids; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000086862:Coronavirus M Proteins; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D018664:Interleukin-12