title: Brachial artery dilatation responses in healthy children and adolescents.
abstract: To characterize brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in children, we monitored arterial diameter changes with ultrasound between 40 and 180 s after a 4.5-min forearm cuff occlusion-induced hyperemia in 105 healthy children (mean age, 11 yr; range, 9-16 yr). The peak FMD was 7.7 +/- 4.0% and occurred 79 +/- 33 s after cuff release. FMD at 60 s (5.3 +/- 4.0%) was significantly lower than the peak FMD (P < 0.0001). Twenty-three percent of the children (n = 24) reached peak FMD first after 110 s of postocclusion. Compared with others, these late responders weighed less, had smaller vessel size, and were more often girls, but had similar peak FMD. In multivariate analysis, FMD responses were inversely associated with brachial artery baseline diameter and serum cholesterol concentration. We conclude that the time to reach the peak FMD response in children varies considerably. When studying endothelial function in children with the use of the noninvasive ultrasound method, several brachial artery diameter measurements up to 120 s after cuff release are needed to determine the true FMD peak response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. mikko.jarvisalo@utu.fi
authors.forename: Mikko J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Järvisalo
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rönnemaa
authors.forename: Iina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Volanen
authors.forename: Tuuli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaitosaari
authors.forename: Katariina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kallio
authors.forename: Jaakko J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hartiala
authors.forename: Kerttu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irjala
authors.forename: Jorma S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol