title: Colonic diversion for intractable constipation in children: colonic manometry helps guide clinical decisions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colonic manometry helps discriminate functional and behavioral causes for childhood constipation from colonic neuromuscular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 375 colonic manometries performed for clinical indications, 12 could not be interpreted because of chronic colonic dilation. Based on colonic manometries that showed either no contractions or an absence of the gastrocolonic response or an absence of high-amplitude propagating contractions, the authors recommended diverting colostomies or ileostomies in 12 chronically constipated children (mean age, 4 years; range, 2-14 years, 5 boys). Before study, medical treatment was ineffective in all children. These children had persistently dilated colons with pathologic diagnoses of intestinal neuronal dysplasia (n = 4), hypoganglionosis (n = 2), hollow visceral myopathy (n = 1), and normal (n = 5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six to 30 months after diversion, the authors restudied all the children. Eleven of 12 diverted colons were no longer dilated. In two patients, abnormal motility involving the entire colon was unchanged from the initial study, small bowel motility was abnormal, and we recommended no further surgery. In two cases, the colon remained abnormal but small bowel motility was normal, and we recommended subtotal colectomy and ileoproctostomy. In four cases, the left colon remained abnormal, but the right colon was normal, and we recommended reanastomosis after left hemicolectomy. In four cases, motility in the diverted colons was normal, including a gastrocolonic response and high-amplitude propagating contractions, and the authors recommended reanastomosis. Defecation problems resolved in 10 of 12 when followed up 5 to 30 months after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that in some cases of intractable childhood constipation associated with colonic distention, temporary diversion improved colonic motility. Colonic manometry may be used to predict which patients will benefit from resection or reanastomosis.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Center, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, U.S.A.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villarreal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zangen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hyman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003125:Colostomy; D003248:Constipation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies