title: [Box and block test of manual dexterity in normal subjects and in patients with multiple sclerosis].
abstract: Recently new disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) were introduced which can change the natural course of the disease. In clinical trials with these new agents the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is often used as a primary outcome instrument to measure neurological impairment and disability. A number of limitations have been identified when using the EDSS, some of wich are because the EDSS is an ordinal scale that is heavily biased to locomotor function. In this study we applied the box and block test of manual dexterity in normal subjects and relapsing-remitting MS patients. The results were that 64.8% of the female and 80.7% of the male patients had significant changes on this task compared with normal subjects, and as this test is easily applied and is sensitive in detecting upper extremity functional ability, we recommend its use in clinical trials to evaluate new drugs in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Atendimento e Tratamento de Esclerose Múltipla da Disciplina de Neurologia, Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tilbery
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balsimelli
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods*; D017678:Sex Distribution