title: Comparison of palpation-guided and ultrasound-guided biopsies in transplanted kidneys.
abstract: Biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of conditions affecting the function of renal allografts. Obtaining representative tissue in biopsies is critical but these procedures are associated with up to 9% of complications and 20% of inadequate material. Although ultrasound guidance allows perfect control of depth and location of the graft, there is controversy regarding the cost-benefit of its use and reports of unsuitable material in ultrasound-guided biopsies are still high.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare ultrasound with the palpation method to guide biopsies in order to see if there is any difference between both methods and which one is better.
  
  
  METHODS
  The casuistic consisted of 82 renal transplant patients (32 female and 50 male patients, age ranging between 5 and 64 yr; m=31.2 yr) randomized into two groups: GI, palpation-guided; GII, ultrasound-guided. Fifty-six biopsies were performed in GI and 66 in GII.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Number of glomeruli, arcuate, and interlobar arteries and arterioles were compared in the two groups and were 503 (m=10) vs. 801 (m=12.9), 24 (m=0.5) vs. 38 (m=0.6), 104 (m=2.1) vs. 154 (m=2.5), and 174 (m=3.5) vs. 264 (4.3), respectively (p<0.05). Inadequate material for analysis in GI and GII was 7.1 and 7.6%, respectively (p=0.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although ultrasound guidance improves the number of glomeruli, arcuate, and interlobar arteries, as well as arterioles, compared with palpation-guided biopsies, there is no difference in the rate of adequate material between the two methods.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine Hospital, Rua Jaragua, 192, 01129-000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. antonop@ig.com.br
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Antonopoulos
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzucchi
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ianhez
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Saldanha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arap
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011182:Postoperative Care; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014463:Ultrasonography