title: Postoperative speech development based on cleft types in children with cleft palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this historical cohort study was to compare the speech development of children with three types of cleft palate while controlling for some confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 28 children with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), 74 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 33 with isolated cleft palate (ICP), and 168 normal control children. Children with cleft palate attended a speech clinic in Fukuoka, had attained adequate velopharyngeal function after palatoplasty carried out within 18 months after birth, and had no syndromic diseases, persistent hearing loss, mental retardation, or central nervous system problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with BCLP began using two-word sentences later than other children (3 months, P<0.01). However, the difference based on sex was also statistically significant. Female patients started using two-word sentences earlier than male patients (2 months, P<0.01). Children with BCLP had lower verbal scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) than other children (12.4-14.9 points, P<0.01). There was no significant difference based on sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this research indicate the following: speech development of children with ICP and UCLP was similar to that of normal children; however, speech development of children with BCLP was delayed compared with other children with or without cleft palate.
authors.affiliation: Speech Clinic, St. Mary's Hospital, 422 Tsubukuhonmachi, Kurumeshi, Fukuoka 830-8543, Japan. nakajima2467@st-mary-med.or.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitsudome
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yosikawa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012737:Sex Factors; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D014888:Wechsler Scales