title: Renal artery embolization using a new liquid embolic material obtained by partial hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate (Embol): initial experience in six patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a new liquid embolic material, Embol, in embolization of the renal artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embol is a new embolic material obtained by partial hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate mixed in absolute ethanol and Iopromide 370 and manufactured by Schering Korea, Kyonggido, Korea. Six patients who underwent embolization of the renal artery using Embol were evaluated. Four were male and two were female and their ages ranged from 11 to 70 (mean, 53) years. Clinical and radiologic diagnoses referred for renal artery embolization were renal cell carcinoma (n = 3), renal angiomyolipoma (n = 2) and pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery (n = 1). After selective renal angiography, Embol was injected through various catheters, either with or without a balloon occlusion catheter. Changes in symptoms and blood chemistry which may have been related to renal artery embolization with Embol were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The six patients showed immediate total occlusion of their renal vascular lesions. One of the three in whom renal cell carcinoma was embolized with Embol underwent radical nephrectomy, and the specimen thus obtained revealed 40% tumor necrosis. In the two patients with angiomyolipomas, the tumors decreased in size and abdominal pain subsided. Bleeding from pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery was successfully controlled. Four patients showed symptoms of post-embolization syndrome, and one of these also showed increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. One patient experienced transient hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embol is easy to use, its radiopacity is adequate and it is a safe and effective embolic material which provides immediate and total occlusion of renal vascular lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000628:therapy; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000628:therapy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012077:Renal Artery
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C013215:polyvinyl acetate; D000431:Ethanol; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide