title: Etiology of cortical and white matter lesions in cyclosporin-A and FK-506 neurotoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The etiology of the neurotoxicity associated with cyclosporin-A (CsA) and FK-506 treatment is not fully understood. At our institution, we noticed a distinct, abrupt change in the imaging characteristics of CsA and FK-506 neurotoxicity, which consisted of a shift in lesion morphology from a white matter abnormality to a mixed cortical and white matter pattern. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical parameters that might explain this change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients had a neurotoxic reaction and brain imaging changes while receiving CsA or FK-506. Nineteen patients received allogeneic bone marrow transplants, and three had aplastic marrow disorders. Fifty-one imaging studies (CT or MR imaging) were obtained, and lesion characteristics, locations, and time courses were evaluated along with relevant clinical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients who had been conditioned for transplantation with cyclophosphamide and chemotherapy (busulfan or thiotepa) had a mixed pattern of cortical and white matter involvement (57 lesions). Isolated white matter involvement (62 lesions) developed in three nontransplant patients and 10 transplant patients conditioned with cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation. All lesions occurred at typical brain watershed zones. Lesion enhancement was noted in two patients conditioned with chemotherapy. Initial images demonstrated characteristic lesions in 15 patients (68%). Initial images were normal in four patients (18%) and nonspecific in three patients (14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lesion location in CsA and FK-506 neurotoxicity may depend on the presence or type of conditioning used before bone marrow transplantation. Nontransplant patients or those conditioned with total-body irradiation develop white matter lesions, whereas those conditioned with chemotherapy develop mixed cortical and white matter lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh 15224, USA.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Bartynski
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeigler
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Spearman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Shadduck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus