title: Expression of adipogenesis markers in a murine stromal cell line treated with 15-deoxy Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2, interleukin-11, 9-cis retinoic acid and vitamin K2.
abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cells can undergo adipogenesis or osteoblastogenesis in vivo, and in vitro, and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) plays a central role in the control of adipocyte differentiation. In the present study, we treated a murine stromal cell line (TMS-14) with a cocktail of dexamethasone, insulin and glucose (DIG cocktail), which caused the cells to convert to fat-laden cells with adipocyte-like morphology. We also exposed TMS-14 cells to DIG cocktail followed by 15-deoxy Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a ligand of PPAR gamma, interleukin- 11 (IL-11), 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) and vitamin K2. 15d-PGJ2 enhanced DIG cocktail-induced adipogenesis, whereas IL-11, 9-cis RA and vitamin K2 each inhibited adipogenesis induced by DIG cocktail. The gene expressions of four adipogenesis markers, PPAR gamma 2, adipocyte P2 (aP2), adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 (ADD1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were enhanced by DIG cocktail and these expressions were more enhanced by 15d-PGJ2, in contrast they were attenuated by 9-cis RA. IL-11 also attenuated the adipogenesis markers except ADD1. Western blotting showed that 15d-PGJ2 enhanced the levels of PPAR gamma, C/EBP alpha and RXR alpha proteins, while IL-11 and 9-cis RA decreased the level of PPAR gamma protein, but not C/EBP alpha protein and vitamin K2 decreased the level of C/EBP alpha protein. We also tested the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on osteoblastogenesis, using TMS-12 cells, another stromal cell clone from the same mouse, which differentiate into osteoblasts spontaneously. 15d-PGJ2 did not affect osteoblastogenesis, as detected by von Kossa staining and Cbfa-1 gene expression. These data indicate that 15d-PGJ2 enhances the expression of both PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha and as a result it stimulates adipogenesis in murine bone marrow cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garcia Palacios
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murota
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D015415:Biomarkers; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D017370:Interleukin-11; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; D015230:Prostaglandin D2