title: Effects of aging on muscle T2 relaxation time: difference between fast- and slow-twitch muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the T2 relaxation time of skeletal muscle is affected by aging and to compare the effects of aging between fast- and slow-twitch muscles in a human study. To investigate the mechanisms of age-related changes in T2 relaxation time in an animal (mouse) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  T2 relaxation times of the soleus (slow-twitch, rich in type I fiber) and gastrocnemius (fast-twitch, rich in type II fiber) muscles were examined in 59 healthy human subjects, 22 to 76 years of age, by clinical magnetic resonance imaging. In mice, T2 relaxation times, fat ratios, and extracellular space ratios (extracellular space/intracellular plus extracellular space) of the spinalis (fast-twitch, rich in type II fiber) muscles were also examined (group of 7 old mice, 24-26 months; group of 7 young mice, 8-10 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the human study, the T2 relaxation time of the gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly with aging (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) while that of the soleus muscle did not. In the animal study, the T2 relaxation time of the spinalis muscle was significantly longer (P < 0.05) and the extracellular space ratio of the spinalis muscle significantly wider (P < 0.01) in old than in young mice. No significant difference in fat ratio was observed between old and young mice. A significant, positive correlation was seen between the extracellular space ratio and T2 relaxation time (r = 0.84, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T2 relaxation time of fast-twitch muscle increases with aging, due mainly to increased extracellular space, reflecting age-related type II fiber atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Japan 874-0838. hatake@beppu.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakenaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005110:Extracellular Space; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008875:Middle Aged; D023421:Models, Animal; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000502:physiology*; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000502:physiology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis