title: Stat6 and IRS-2 cooperate in interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced proliferation and differentiation but are dispensable for IL-4-dependent rescue from apoptosis.
abstract: Stat6 and IRS-2 are two important signaling proteins that associate with the cytoplasmic tail of the interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptor. Data from numerous in vitro experiments have led to a model for IL-4 signal transduction in which the Stat6 signaling pathway is responsible for the IL-4 induced changes in gene expression and differentiation events, while the IRS-2 signaling pathway provides mitogenic and antiapoptotic signals. In order to determine the relative contributions of these signaling molecules in primary lymphocytes, we have examined IL-4 responses in T cells from mice deficient for either Stat6 or IRS-2 as well as from mice doubly deficient for both genes. Both IRS-2 and, especially, Stat6 are shown to be critically involved in IL-4-induced proliferation of T cells, presumably through the cooperative regulation of the Cdk inhibitor p27kip1. Like Stat6-deficient Th cells, IRS-2-deficient cells are also compromised in their ability to secrete Th2 cytokines, revealing a previously unrecognized role for IRS-2 in Th2 cell development. Although Stat6 and/or IRS-2 expression is required for IL-4-induced proliferative and differentiative responses, both signaling proteins are dispensable for the antiapoptotic effect of IL-4. However, treatment of lymphocytes with a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor is able to block the antiapoptotic effect of IL-4 specifically in Stat6- or IRS-2-deficient cells and not in wild-type cells. Our results suggest that Stat6 and IRS-2 cooperate in promoting both IL-4-induced proliferative and differentiating responses, while an additional signaling mediator that depends on protein tyrosine phosphatase activity contributes to the antiapoptotic activities of IL-4 in primary T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wurster
authors.forename: Dominic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Morris F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grusby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494100:Stat6 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D015847:Interleukin-4; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases