title: Botrytis cinerea induces the formation of free radicals in fruits of Capsicum annuum at positions remote from the site of infection.
abstract: Free radical adducts of the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone have been observed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in detached fruits of Capsicum annuum investigated 5 days after infection with Botrytis cinerea. The spectra of these adducts were at a maximum within the soft rot lesion, but they could also be detected at distances up to 50 mm from the edge of the lesion in samples following main vascular bundles. At distances greater than 40 mm, the spectrum of the ascorbate radical was also seen, and at greater distances from the lesion it was the only radical detected. With samples taken from parenchyma tissue adjacent to the vascular bundles there was little adduct formation and the ascorbate radical could be detected, albeit with reduced intensity compared to healthy tissue, at distances as small as 10 mm from the edge of the lesion. This observation of chemical changes at considerable distances from the infected tissue is in contrast to previous observations on the behaviour of other markers of oxidative stress (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, single-peak free radical, and Fe(III) (g = 4.27) electron paramagnetic resonance signals), where their levels decreased rapidly outside of the soft rot.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muckenschnabel
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Deighton
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lyon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals