Genetic polymorphisms and lipid response to dietary changes in humans.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies on the effects of genetic polymorphisms on the serum cholesterol response to dietary treatments were often inconsistent and frequently involved small numbers of subjects.


METHODS
We studied the effect of 10 genetic polymorphisms on the responses of serum cholesterol to saturated and trans fat, cholesterol and the coffee diterpene, cafestol, as measured in 26 dietary trials performed over 20 years in 405 mostly normolipidaemic subjects.


RESULTS
Apoprotein A4 360-2 allele attenuated the response of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to dietary cholesterol, but not in women. Subjects with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIb-1 allele had -0.02 to -0.05 mmol L-1 smaller responses of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to diet than those with the 2/2 genotype. The effects of the other eight polymorphisms on cholesterol response were either inconsistent with results in previous studies or need to be replicated in other studies.


CONCLUSIONS
Apoprotein A4360 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIb polymorphisms may affect dietary responses. However, no one single genotype was a major determinant of a subject's lipid response to diet. Therefore, knowledge of these genotypes by themselves is of little use in the identification of subjects who may or may not benefit from dietary treatment.
Weggemans
R M
RM
Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Centre for Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6073 HD Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Zock
P L
PL
Ordovas
J M
JM
Ramos-Galluzzi
J
J
Katan
M B
MB
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D003069:Coffee; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004224:Diterpenes; D002784:Cholesterol