Reactive oxygen intermediates involved in cellular regulation.
Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in low concentration, as released permanently by nonphagocytic cells, possess important functions in inter- and intracellular signalling. They lead to alterations in the phosphorylation pattern followed by gene activation, including the expression of proto-oncogenes. Redox-sensitive sites in membrane molecules may trigger adhesion and chemotaxis or open ion channels and activate transport processes across the cytoplasma membrane. ROIs shift the ratio of cyclic GMP to cyclic AMP giving signals to proliferation and differentiation processes. Senescence, apoptosis, and cell death can also be modulated by ROIs, depending on concentration and cell type.
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Tierärztliche Hochschule, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany.
D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010770:Phosphotransferases