title: Neuroanatomical and psychopharmacological evidence for interaction between opioid and GABAergic neural pathways in the modulation of fear and defense elicited by electrical and chemical stimulation of the deep layers of the superior colliculus and dorsal periaqueductal gray matter.
abstract: The effects of central administration of opioid antagonists on the aversive responses elicited by electrical (at the freezing and escape thresholds) or chemical stimulation (crossings, rearings, turnings and jumps, induced by microinjections of bicuculline) of the midbrain tectum were determined. Central microinjections of naloxone and naltrexone in the mesencephalic tectum caused a significant increase in the freezing and escape thresholds elicited by electrical midbrain tectum stimulation. Furthermore, both opioid antagonists caused a significant decrease in the mean incidence of aversive behavioral responses induced by microinjections of bicuculline in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC) and in dorsal aspects of the periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG), as compared with controls. These findings suggest an opioid modulation of the GABAergic inhibitory inputs controlling the aversive behavior elicited by midbrain tectum stimulation. In fact, immunohistochemical evidence suggests that the dorsal mesencephalon is rich in beta-endorphin-containing neurons and fibers with varicosities. Iontophoretical microinjections of the neurotracer biodextran in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNpr), show nigro-tectal pathways connecting SNpr with the same neural substrate of the DPAG rich in neuronal cells immunoreactive for opioid peptides. Labeled neurons of the DLSC and periaqueductal gray matter send inputs with varsicosities to ipsi- and contralateral DPAG and ipsilateral SNpr. These findings, in addition to the psychopharmacological evidence for the interaction between opioid and GABAergic mechanisms, offer a neuroanatomical basis of a possible presynaptic opioid inhibition of GABAergic nigro-tectal neurons modulating the fear in aversive structures of the cranial mesencephalon, in a short link, and maybe through a major neural circuit, also in GABA-containing perikarya of nigro-tectal neurons.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Lab. de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: G C D
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Eichenberger
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Maruoka
authors.forename: G C C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castellan-Baldan
authors.forename: S A L
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Coimbra
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008845:Microinjections; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018756:GABA Antagonists; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D009270:Naloxone; D009271:Naltrexone; D001640:Bicuculline