title: Electromyographic biofeedback-controlled exercise versus conservative care for patellofemoral pain syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of electromyographic biofeedback treatment in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A physical medicine and rehabilitation department in a research hospital of a university referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Patients were randomly placed into 2 groups: biofeedback group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30).
  
  
  METHODS
  The biofeedback group received electromyographic biofeedback training and a conventional exercise program, whereas the control group received a conventional exercise program only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum and mean contraction values of the vastus medialis and the vastus lateralis muscles were assessed with the biofeedback device. Pain and functional status of the patients were measured by a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contraction values improved significantly at the end of the first month, compared with the pretreatment values in both groups. Mean contraction values in the biofeedback group of the vastus medialis muscles in all 3 monthly measurements, and the vastus lateralis muscles at the end of the first month, were significantly higher than those of the control group. Significant improvements were shown for both the VAS and the FIQ in both groups. Monthly follow-ups showed no VAS and FIQ differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electromyographic biofeedback treatment did not result in further clinical improvement when compared with a conventional exercise program in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. erbild@atlas.net.tr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiliç
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D010329:Patella