title: Comparative effects of diet supplementation with l-carnitine and dl-carnitine on ammonia toxicity and hepatic metabolism in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of chronic supplementation with l-carnitine (LCT) and dl-carnitine (DLC) on ammonia toxicity and hepatic metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of male adult rats were studied: 1) supplemented with LCT (1.2 mmol . kg-1 . d-1), 2) supplemented with DLC (1.2 mmol . kg-1. d-1), and 3) control group (COG) not supplemented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment with LCT decreased the toxicity to ammonia. However, the supplementation with DLC did not show any significant effect. In contrast, the effects of the supplementation with LCT and DLC on hepatic metabolism were quite similar, ie, both groups showed: (a) intensified ammonia uptake and decreased urea production from ammonia; (b) increased glucose and urea production from L-glutamine (5 mmol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that LCT supplementation might protect against ammonia toxicity by extra-hepatic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Gazola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bazotte
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D014508:Urea; D005947:Glucose; C018824:ammonium acetate; D002331:Carnitine