title: Human papillomavirus infection and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to add new data about laryngeal carcinogenesis, a multistep process in which chemical and/or viral agents induce and promote successive alterations in growth factor-linked signal transmission pathways, genetic instability, and mutations in key genes involved in cell growth control. Epidemiological evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may be associated with the development of laryngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we have analyzed the prevalence of HPV infection and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in a series of 42 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas by PCR with HPV consensus primers and by a radioligand receptor assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was detected in 15 of 42 (35.7%) tumors, and it belonged almost exclusively to the highly oncogenic HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-33 genotypes. At analysis by Mann-Whitney nonparametric statistical test, EGFR level was found to be significantly higher in HPV-infected than in HPV-negative cases (T = 440; P = 0.002). EGFR overexpression (EGFR-positive status >6 fmol/mg protein, the arbitrary cutoff value chosen) was found in 20 of 42 (47.6%) tumors, and it was associated with HPV infection in a statistically significant extent (chi(2) = 4.686; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viral oncoproteins have been shown to induce a perturbation of the cell response to signals for growth and differentiation; these findings confirm that enhanced EGFR expression and activation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma may occur also as a consequence of HPV infection and support the hypothesis of an involvement of HPV infection in laryngeal carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, Rome 00168, Italy. iclot@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Almadori
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cadoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bussu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrandina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurizi
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors