title: Ultrastructure of sperm storage and male genital ducts in a male holocephalan, the elephant fish, Callorhynchus milii.
abstract: In chondrichthyes, the process of spermatogenesis produces a spermatocyst composed of Sertoli cells and their cohort of associated spermatozoa linearly arrayed and embedded in the apical end of the Sertoli cell. The extratesticular ducts consist of paired epididymis, ductus deferens, isthmus, and seminal vesicles. In transit through the ducts, spermatozoa undergo modification by secretions of the extratesticular ducts and associated glands, i.e., Leydig gland. In mature animals, the anterior portion of the mesonephros is specialized as the Leydig gland that connects to both the epididymis and ductus deferens and elaborates seminal fluid and matrix that contribute to the spermatophore or spermatozeugmata, depending on the species. Leydig gland epithelium is simple columnar with secretory and ciliated cells. Secretory cells have periodic acid-Schiff positive (PAS+) apical secretory granules. In the holocephalan elephant fish, Callorhynchus milii, sperm and Sertoli cell fragments enter the first major extratesticular duct, the epididymis. In the epididymis, spermatozoa are initially present as individual sperm but soon begin to laterally associate so that they are aligned head-to-head. The epididymis is a highly convoluted tubule with a small bore lumen and an epithelium consisting of scant ciliated and relatively more secretory cells. Secretory activity of both the Leydig gland and epididymis contribute to the nascent spermatophores, which begin as gel-like aggregations of secretory product in which sperm are embedded. Fully formed spermatophores occur in the ductus. The simple columnar epithelium has both ciliated and secretory cells. The spermatophore is regionalized into a PAS+ and Alcian-blue-positive (AB+) cortex and a distinctively PAS+, and less AB+ medulla. Laterally aligned sperm occupy the medulla and are surrounded by a clear zone separate from the spermatophore matrix. Grossly, the seminal vesicles are characterized by spiral partitions of the epithelium that project into the lumen, much like a spiral staircase. Each partition is staggered with respect to adjacent partitions while the aperture is eccentric. The generally nonsecretory epithelium of the seminal vesicle is simple columnar with both microvillar and ciliated cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, South Bend Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. hamlett.1@nd.edu
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hamlett
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Terence I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000502:physiology; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*