title: The role of laparoscopy in the management of common bile duct obstruction in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is commonplace in adults; however, this procedure is not often performed in children. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 50 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, six patients (12%) had obstructing lesions of the common bile duct (CBD). Five children underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and one child had a preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at laparoscopic CBD exploration was 11.6 years (range, 5-16). The obstructing lesion was visualized by intraoperative cholangiography in all five patients. The mean operative time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy along with CBD exploration was 215 min (range, 160-282). The transcystic laparoscopic CBD exploration was performed using a 7-Fr, multichannel rigid, or 10-Fr flexible fiberoptic cystoscope. The stones were either pushed into the duodenum with the scope or extracted through the cystic duct using a 3-Fr Segura basket. In one patient, a candidial ball disintegrated during an attempt to remove it with the basket. A repeat cholangiogram at the end of each procedure showed an anatomically normal CBD with free flow of contrast into the duodenum. All patients enjoyed a quick recovery. They were started on a regular diet on the same day of surgery and discharged on the 1st or 2nd postoperative day. One patient with sickle cell disease developed a pulmonary infarction and required 5 additional days of hospitalization. One patient developed recurrent choledocholithiasis 6 months after laparoscopic exploration and was treated successfully with endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic CBD exploration can be performed safely at the time of the cholecystectomy in children. Endoscopic sphincterotomy before cholecystectomy is not necessary. We recommend laparoscopic CBD exploration for obstructing lesions of the CBD. Endoscopic sphincterotomy should be reserved for recurrent lesions of the CBD after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, 77 Washington Ave., Suite 220, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Blakely
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lobe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002758:Cholangiography; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000601:surgery*; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome