title: Reliability in adolescent reporting of clinician counseling, health care use, and health behaviors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate measures of health-care use by adolescents would be useful in managed care quality assurance, public health surveillance, and health-care research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess test-retest reliability and factors associated with reliability of adolescent reports of clinician counseling, preventive health services, and health behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of high school students (N = 253) completed identical paper-and-pencil surveys in school and 2 weeks apart. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the influence on response reliability of individual factors and question item characteristics. Reliability was assessed using Cohen kappa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kappa values for specific questions varied widely (0.94-0.33). Median kappa values for behavioral, counseling, and health-service questions were 0.74, 0.63, 0.56, respectively. Lower sentence complexity, certain time frames (ever, age at first occurrence, last time), and behavioral question type were associated with greater reliability in adolescent reporting (final model R2 = 0.54). Adolescents' age and ethnicity were not predictive of reliability, though girls were slightly more reliable reporters than boys. Overall, the prevalence of responses at times 1 and 2 were similar; 95% of responses at time 2 were within 5 percentage points of time-1 estimates (SD = 2.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reliability of adolescent reporting was strongly influenced by question characteristics such as sentence complexity and time frame; these should be carefully considered in the construction of questionnaires for adolescents. Adolescents can be an accurate source of health-care service data.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. jfs8@cdc.gov
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santelli
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elster
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012650:Self Disclosure; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires