title: Morphological differences between glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) excreted during chemotherapy with antineoplastic drugs and GEC excreted in renal diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To better understand the mechanisms of glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) injuries in various diseases, we compared GEC excreted during chemotherapy (antineoplastic drugs) and GEC excreted in renal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 19 patients undergoing chemotherapy (85 courses), 69 patients with IgA nephropathy and 16 patients with Henoch-Schölein purpura nephritis, the number of excreted GEC and GEC casts were counted by an immunofluorescent study. The morphological features of GEC were also studied in an immunofluorescent study combined with Hoechst stain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glomerular epithelial cells were detected in 78% of the chemotherapy courses and in 94% of the patients with renal diseases. The GEC casts were observed in 2% of chemotherapy courses, while in renal diseases GEC casts were observed in 60% of the patients. Proteinuria (>30 mg/dL) and hematuria were not identified in any of the chemotherapy courses. The morphology and size of GEC were more variable than that in patients with nephropathy. Furthermore, GEC in patients undergoing chemotherapy often showed small nuclei and fragmented nuclei, which were rarely observed in patients with nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that the detachment of podocytes was not directly associated with proteinuria or hematuria. The findings also suggest that GEC are damaged via an apoptotic process by chemotherapy. On the contrary, GEC may be detached through a non-apoptotic process in renal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi-dori 1, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. shounika@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikarashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D011695:IgA Vasculitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D007223:Infant; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents