title: Long-term outcome of autogenous rib graft nasal reconstruction.
abstract: Whereas reconstruction of the hypoplastic nose with rib grafting is common, the long-term outcomes of nasal growth and aesthetics are unknown. This study assessed nasal morphometrics, patient satisfaction, and the perception of nasal appearance by others up to 15 years after nasal reconstruction using cantilevered autogenous chondro-osseous rib grafting with rigid internal fixation in children. Records of all patients who received nasal rib grafts between 1983 and 1998 by one senior surgeon were reviewed. Patients in this study were operated on before their late teens and had greater than 1-year follow-up including serial photographic documentation. Nasal growth was determined by comparing anthropometric measurements preoperatively, perioperatively, and postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was determined through a questionnaire that addressed memory, donor-site morbidity, and nasal perception. Independent, blinded skilled observers who reviewed frontal and lateral photographs of the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative intervals assessed nasal aesthetics. Thirty-two patients who underwent 38 rib graft reconstructions of the nasal dorsum and tip at an average age of 8.8 years constitute the study population. Six patients underwent secondary augmentation. The average interval between initial nasal reconstruction and evaluation for this study was 7.9 years. Comparative anthropometric measurements before and after surgery documented increases in both tip projection (2.3 percent) and nasal length (3.0 percent) and a decrease in nasolabial angle (1.9 percent). Patient satisfaction interview response rate was 100 percent of those whom we were able to contact (28 of 32). The average age at interview was 17.2 years. Most patients recalled the operation and denied recollection of pain. Donor-site long-term morbidity was not an issue for 86 percent of patients. Sixty-four percent of patients remembered their preoperative nasal appearance and 89 percent of these preferred the postoperative change and were not concerned with nasal scars or texture. Almost two-thirds of the patients had fixation screws removed from the nasal dorsum because of skin erosion, easy palpability, or visibility. Although several patients expressed a desire to make minor additional changes to their nose, only one of these elected offered presurgical consultation and none have had such surgery. The postoperative nasal appearance compared with that preoperatively was rated as improved for 66.3 percent of responses, 26.5 percent as unchanged, and 7.2 percent as deteriorated. Cantilevered autogenous chondro-osseous rib graft reconstruction of the nasal dorsum is an effective means of reconstruction for the hypoplastic nose in childhood with respect to morphometric measurements, patient self-perception, and the assessment of nasal appearance by others.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Deformities Institute, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, and Washington University Medical School, Mo 63110, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pilgram
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Perlyn
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods; D012272:Ribs