title: Heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase (HRI) is required for translational regulation and survival of erythroid precursors in iron deficiency.
abstract: Although the physiological role of tissue-specific translational control of gene expression in mammals has long been suspected on the basis of biochemical studies, direct evidence has been lacking. Here, we report on the targeted disruption of the gene encoding the heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase (HRI) in mice. We establish that HRI, which is expressed predominantly in erythroid cells, regulates the synthesis of both alpha- and beta-globins in red blood cell (RBC) precursors by inhibiting the general translation initiation factor eIF2. This inhibition occurs when the intracellular concentration of heme declines, thereby preventing the synthesis of globin peptides in excess of heme. In iron-deficient HRI(-/-) mice, globins devoid of heme aggregated within the RBC and its precursors, resulting in a hyperchromic, normocytic anemia with decreased RBC counts, compensatory erythroid hyperplasia and accelerated apoptosis in bone marrow and spleen. Thus, HRI is a physiological regulator of gene expression and cell survival in the erythroid lineage.
authors.affiliation: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leboulch
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Orkin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015723:Gene Library; D005838:Genotype; D006418:Heme / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011132:Polyribosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D006418:Heme; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; D007501:Iron; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase