title: T-bet is rapidly induced by interferon-gamma in lymphoid and myeloid cells.
abstract: Differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into IFN-gamma-producing T helper 1 (T(H)1) cells is pivotal for protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens. T-bet, a recently discovered member of the T-box transcription factor family, has been reported to play a critical role in this process, promoting IFN-gamma production. Although terminal T(H)1 differentiation occurs over days, we now show that challenge of mice with a prototypical T(H)1-inducing stimulus, Toxoplasma gondii soluble extract, rapidly induced IFN-gamma and T-bet; T-bet induction was substantially lower in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. Naive T cells expressed little T-bet, but this transcription factor was induced markedly by the combination of IFN-gamma and cognate antigen. Human myeloid antigen-presenting cells showed T-bet induction after IFN-gamma stimulation alone, and this induction was antagonized by IL-4 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Although T-bet was induced rapidly and directly by IFN-gamma, it was not induced by IFN-alpha, lipopolysaccharide, or IL-1, indicating that this action of IFN-gamma was specific. Moreover, T-bet induction was dependent on Stat1 but not Stat4. These data argue for a model in which IFN-gamma gene regulation involves an autocrine loop, whereby the cytokine regulates a transcription factor that promotes its own production. These findings substantially alter the current view of T-bet in IFN-gamma regulation and promotion of cell-mediated immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lighvani
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Frucht
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jankovic
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aliberti
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hissong
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gadina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sher
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: O'Shea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017931:DNA Primers; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma