title: A PEST-like element in FREQUENCY determines the length of the circadian period in Neurospora crassa.
abstract: FREQUENCY (FRQ) is a crucial element of the circadian clock in Neurospora crassa. In the course of a circadian day FRQ is successively phosphorylated and degraded. Here we report that two PEST-like elements in FRQ, PEST-1 and PEST-2, are phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant CK-1a and CK-1b, two newly identified Neurospora homologs of casein kinase 1 epsilon. CK-1a is localized in the cytosol and the nuclei of Neurospora and it is in a complex with FRQ in vivo. Deletion of PEST-1 results in hypophosphorylation of FRQ and causes significantly increased protein stability. A strain harboring the mutant frq Delta PEST-1 gene shows no rhythmic conidiation. Despite the lack of overt rhythmicity, frq Delta PEST-1 RNA and FRQ Delta PEST-1 protein are rhythmically expressed and oscillate in constant darkness with a circadian period of 28 h. Thus, by deletion of PEST-1 the circadian period is lengthened and overt rhythmicity is dissociated from molecular oscillations of clock components.
authors.affiliation: Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Görl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merrow
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huttner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roenneberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D047388:Casein Kinases; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D017931:DNA Primers; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C087405:FRQ protein, Neurospora crassa; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D047388:Casein Kinases