title: Combined effect of repetitive work and cold on muscle function and fatigue.
abstract: This study compared the effect of repetitive work in thermoneutral and cold conditions on forearm muscle electromyogram (EMG) and fatigue. We hypothesize that cold and repetitive work together cause higher EMG activity and fatigue than repetitive work only, thus creating a higher risk for overuse injuries. Eight men performed six 20-min work bouts at 25 degrees C (W-25) and at 5 degrees C while exposed to systemic (C-5) and local cooling (LC-5). The work was wrist flexion-extension exercise at 10% maximal voluntary contraction. The EMG activity of the forearm flexors and extensors was higher during C-5 (31 and 30%, respectively) and LC-5 (25 and 28%, respectively) than during W-25 (P < 0.05). On the basis of fatigue index (calculated from changes in maximal flexor force and flexor EMG activity), the fatigue in the forearm flexors at the end of W-25 was 15%. The corresponding values at the end of C-5 and LC-5 were 37% (P < 0.05 in relation to W-25) and 20%, respectively. Thus repetitive work in the cold causes higher EMG activity and fatigue than repetitive work in thermoneutral conditions.
authors.affiliation: Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, 90220 Oulu, Finland. Juha.Oksa@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.forename: Michel B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ducharme
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rintamäki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature