title: Potential of anticytokine therapies in central nervous system ischaemia.
abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) ischaemia is associated with an acute inflammatory response which appears to potentiate CNS injury, especially following reperfusion. This response includes the release of inflammatory mediators called cytokines including IL-1 and TNF-alpha, which triggers the production of additional cytokines including IL-6 and activates leukocytes which infiltrate into the CNS. Increased expression of cytokines has been demonstrated to occur in the first few hours after CNS ischaemia. Preliminary clinical studies suggest that plasma levels of IL-6 are correlated with functional recovery while brain levels of cytokines have been demonstrated to increase following experimental ischaemia. Although there are no current clinical 'anti-cytokine' treatment studies for stroke, experimental studies modulating IL-1 and TNF-alpha have shown neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Stroke Center, Dept. of Neurology UHS44, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA. clarkw@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lutsep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha