title: Alcohol consumption stimulates early steps in reverse cholesterol transport.
abstract: Alcohol consumption is associated with increased HDL cholesterol levels, which may indicate stimulated reverse cholesterol transport. The mechanism is, however, not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol consumption on the first two steps of the reverse cholesterol pathway: cellular cholesterol efflux and plasma cholesterol esterification. Eleven healthy middle-aged men consumed four glasses (40 g of alcohol) of red wine, beer, spirits (Dutch gin), or carbonated mineral water (control) daily with evening dinner, for 3 weeks, according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. After 3 weeks of alcohol consumption the plasma ex vivo cholesterol efflux capacity, measured with Fu5AH cells, was raised by 6.2% (P < 0.0001) and did not differ between the alcoholic beverages. Plasma cholesterol esterification was increased by 10.8% after alcohol (P = 0.008). Changes were statistically significant after beer and spirits, but not after red wine consumption (P = 0.16). HDL lipids changed after alcohol consumption; HDL total cholesterol, HDL cholesteryl ester, HDL free cholesterol, HDL phospholipids and plasma apolipoprotein A-I all increased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, alcohol consumption stimulates cellular cholesterol efflux and its esterification in plasma. These effects were mostly independent of the kind of alcoholic beverage
authors.affiliation: TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Department of Nutritional Physiology, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: van der Gaag
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Tol
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Vermunt
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Scheek
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schaafsma
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hendriks
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000378:metabolism; D001515:Beer; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D004951:Esterification / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D002788:Cholesterol Esters; C059714:HDL cholesteryl ester; C034396:HDL-triglyceride; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D000431:Ethanol; D002784:Cholesterol