title: Evaluation of impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and increased dimensions by multiple neurohumoral plasma concentrations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A range of neurohumoral substances have been suggested as diagnostic markers in heart failure. It is, however, undetermined which marker has the greatest diagnostic potential, and whether additional information is gained by a comprehensive neurohumoral evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to compare the value of epinephrine, norepinephrine, renin activity, aldosterone (ALDO), atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides, arginine-vasopressin and endothelin (ENDO) as markers for left ventricular (LV) dimensions and ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with systolic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients with symptomatic heart failure were examined with blood samples and magnetic resonance imaging along with 20 age and gender-matched normal controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multiple regression analyses, BNP was the strongest independent marker for LV end-diastolic (r=0.71, P<0.0001), and end-systolic (r=0.75, P<0.0001) volumes, myocardial mass (r=0.69, P<0.0001), and LVEF (r=-0.78, P<0.0001). ANP was a supplementary independent marker for LV end-diastolic (r=0.76, P<0.0001) and end-systolic (r=0.78, P<0.0001) (ANP and BNP combined) volumes, ENDO for myocardial mass [r=0.71, P<0.0001 (ENDO/BNP)], and ALDO for LVEF [r=-0.81, P<0.0001 (ALDO/BNP)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BNP is the strongest marker for LV dimensions and LVEF in patients with systolic heart failure. However, a comprehensive neurohumoral evaluation may add some information to the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Danish Research Centre of Magnetic Resonance, Section 340, H:S Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark. bjoerng@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Groenning
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sondergaard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000097:blood*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012083:Renin; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine