title: MRI predictors of cognition in subcortical ischemic vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Causes of cognitive impairment in subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) are less well understood than in AD, but have been thought to result from direct effects of subcortical lacunes and white matter lesions, perhaps related to disruption of important cortical-subcortical pathways.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between cognitive abilities and quantitative MRI measures of subcortical cerebrovascular disease and cortical and hippocampal atrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 157 participants in a multicenter study of SIVD and AD who included cognitively normal, cognitively impaired, and demented individuals with and without subcortical lacunar infarcts. Dependent variables were neuropsychological tests of global cognitive function, memory, language, and executive function. Independent variables were quantitative MRI measures of volume of lacunar infarcts in specific subcortical structures, volume of white matter lesion (WML), volume of cortical gray matter (cGM), and total hippocampal volume (HV). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify MRI predictors of cognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subcortical lacunes were not related to cognitive measures independent of effects of other MRI variables. WML was independently related to selected, timed measures. HV and cGM were strong and independent predictors of cognitive variables, with effects that did not differ in subjects with and without subcortical lacunes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that cognitive impairment associated with subcortical ischemic vascular disease is primarily a result of associated hippocampal and cortical changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of California, Davis 95817, USA. dmmungas@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mungas
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jagust
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schuff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests