The gluteal-fold flap for vulvar and buttock reconstruction: anatomic study and adjustment of flap volume.
The ideal skin-flap reconstruction provides functional preservation and a good cosmetic outcome in both the reconstructed site and the donor site. Although various flaps are used for reconstruction of the vulvar and buttock region, there are disadvantages associated with each. In 1996, Yii and Niranjan reported the gluteal-fold flap for vulvar reconstruction. As presently used, this flap is bulky, particularly in obese patients or when used for hemilateral reconstruction. Thinning the flap has been considered impossible because of the obscurity of the blood supply. In the study presented here, the pedicle vessels of this flap were studied in eight cadavers; the authors found that the flap is nourished by a direct cutaneous system of the internal pudendal artery and vein. Accordingly, adjustment of the flap volume was believed to be possible, with the exception of the adipose tissue containing the pedicle vessels. The authors have since used 14 thinned flaps for seven vulvar, one vaginal, and two buttock defects in 10 patients. All flaps survived completely. Good functional and cosmetic results were achieved with hemilateral or bilateral flaps in vulvar or buttock reconstruction. In the buttock in particular, the usefulness of this flap for anal and pelvic-floor reconstruction was demonstrated. The scar at the donor site, concealed in the gluteal fold, was acceptable. The gluteal-fold flap is very useful for various vulvar and buttock reconstructions because it can be adjusted to the required volume.
Hashimoto
I
I
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Japan. ichiro@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
Nakanishi
H
H
Nagae
H
H
Harada
H
H
Sedo
H
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002081:Buttocks / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery; D014844:Vulva / Q000601:surgery*; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery