title: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT mutations exhibit a remarkably homogeneous gene expression profile.
abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract, are believed to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal. GISTs are characterized by mutations in the proto-oncogene KIT that lead to constitutive activation of its tyrosine kinase activity. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571, active against the BCR-ABL fusion protein in chronic myeloid leukemia, was recently shown to be highly effective in GISTs. We used 13,826-element cDNA microarrays to define the expression patterns of 13 KIT mutation-positive GISTs and compared them with the expression profiles of a group of spindle cell tumors from locations outside the gastrointestinal tract. Our results showed a remarkably distinct and uniform expression profile for all of the GISTs. In particular, hierarchical clustering of a subset of 113 cDNAs placed all of the GIST samples into one branch, with a Pearson correlation >0.91. This homogeneity suggests that the molecular pathogenesis of a GIST results from expansion of a clone that has acquired an activating mutation in KIT without the extreme genetic instability found in the common epithelial cancers. The results provide insight into the histogenesis of GIST and the clinical behavior of this therapeutically responsive tumor.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Allander
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Nupponen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ringnér
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hostetter
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goldberger
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carpten
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Elkahloun
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Meltzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit