title: Nutritional problems in end-stage liver disease: contribution of impaired gastric emptying and ascites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate gastric emptying before and after paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients with ascites often report early satiety. The effect of paracentesis on gastric emptying has not been studied previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients who required therapeutic paracentesis were studied (mean age, 57 years; range, 47-69 years). Gastric emptying was performed with radionuclide scintigraphy. Satiety was evaluated with a visual analogue scale. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for comparison between pre-and poststudies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The causes of cirrhosis included alcohol (seven patients), a combination of alcohol and hepatitis C (two), chronic hepatitis C only (one), primary biliary cirrhosis (one), and cryptogenic (one). The median volume of ascitic fluid removed at paracentesis was 5,450 mL (range, 2,500-7,200 mL). Median 2-hour gastric emptying was 65.5% before paracentesis and 61.5% after ( p > 0.05). Median 4-hour gastric emptying was 92.5% before paracentesis and 96.5% after ( p > 0.05). Both satiety score and caloric intake were significantly improved after paracentesis ( p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although satiety and calorie intake improve after large-volume paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis, these changes do not seem to correspond with improved gastric emptying. Therefore, other mechanisms most likely contribute to satiety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. scolapio.james@mayo.edu
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Scolapio
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ukleja
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McGreevy
authors.forename: Omer L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019152:Paracentesis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging