title: Intralipid 10%: physicochemical characterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parenteral fat emulsions contain two populations of particles: artificial chylomicrons rich in triacylglycerols (TAG), and liposomes (bilayer of phospholipids [PL] enveloping an aqueous phase). Centrifugation permits isolating the liposomes in the infranatant called mesophase. The aim of the present work was to better characterize this mesophase chemically and to view the particles it contains by electron microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electron microscopy (Philips 410) was performed after cryofracture on native 10% Intralipid, mesophase (centrifugation for 1 h at 27 000 g), and a liposome-enriched fraction (ring of density 1.010-1.030 g/l obtained after centrifuging mesophase in a KBr density gradient at 100 000 g for 24 h). The TAG and protein content of the mesophase was analyzed and the proteins partially characterized by immunodetection (Western-blot).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This electron microscope study of 10% Intralipid gives evidence for the coexistence of artificial chylomicrons (mean diameter, 260 nm) and liposomes (43 nm), the latter being smaller than expected and containing 8% w/w TAG after purification. The solubilization of TAG in PL bilayers (reported to be < or = 3.1% w/w) might have been increased in parenteral emulsions by the manufacturing process or/and the high TAG/PL ratio. Minute amounts of proteins have also been detected and partially characterized using a specific antibody raised against the human 7 kDa Anionic Polypeptide Factor (APF), known to strongly interact with PL in bile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work has shown that the size (mean diameter, 43 nm) of the liposomes present in 10% Intralipid is smaller than that usually assumed. Traces of hydrophobic proteins in the emulsion may account for certain allergic reactions sometimes observed in infused patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Férézou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulik
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milliat
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dedieu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dunel-Erb
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bach
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010316:Particle Size; D011506:Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008081:Liposomes; D011506:Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides