title: High prevalence of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia in urban slum population in northern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, a prevalence survey of various atherosclerosis risk factors was carried out on hitherto poorly studied rural-urban migrants settled in urban slums in a large metropolitan city in northern India, with the aim of studying anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of this population in socio-economic transition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional epidemiological descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 532 subjects (170 males and 362 females) were included in the study (response rate approximately 40%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, diabetes mellitus was recorded in 11.2% (95% CI 6.8-16.9) of males and 9.9% (95% CI 7.0-13.5) of females, the overall prevalence being 10.3% (95% CI 7.8-13.2). Based on body mass index (BMI), obesity was more prevalent in females (15.6%; 95% CI 10.7-22.3) than in males (13.3%; 95% CI 8.5-19.5). On the other hand, classifying obesity based on percentage body fat (%BF), 10.6% (95% CI 6.4-16.2) of males and 40.2% (95% CI 34.9-45.3) of females were obese. High waist-hip ratio (WHR) was observed in 9.4% (95% CI 5.4-14.8) of males and 51.1% (95% CI 45.8-56.3) of the females. All individual skinfolds and sum of skinfolds were significantly higher in females (P<0.001). In both males and females above 30 y of age, there was a steep increase in the prevalence of high WHR, and in females, %BF was very high (particularly in %BF quartile>30%). Furthermore, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were high in both males and females. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that for both males and females BMI, WHR and %BF were positive predictors of biochemical parameters, except for HDL-c, for which these parameters were negatively associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appreciable prevalence of obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, substantial increase in body fat, generalised and regional obesity in middle age, particularly in females, need immediate attention in terms of prevention and health education in such economically deprived populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. anoopmisra@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Vikram
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001824:Body Constitution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D019456:Health Transition; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol