title: Expression of the cell cycle regulator p27(Kip1) in normal squamous epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Immunohistochemistry and functional aspects of p27(Kip1).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormality of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors, such as cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (cdkIs), has been reported in malignant tumors. The current study was undertaken to examine the involvement of a cdkI, p27(Kip1) (p27), in the neoplastic process of the uterine cervical epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining of p27 was performed in samples of normal cervical tissue (30 samples), cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs; 17 samples), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 25 samples). The results were compared with the expression levels of Ki-67, cdk2, and cyclin E. The functional aspects of the p27 protein, such as its ability to bind to cdk2 and the phosphorylation activity of p27-bound cdk2, also were evaluated with an immunoprecipitation and histone H1 kinase assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal cervical epithelia, the expression of p27 was strong in the intermediate and superficial cells but very weak in the parabasal cells. In CIN samples, the expression of p27 was negligible. The expression of p27 in these tissues showed an inverse topologic correlation to that of Ki-67, cdk2, and cyclin E. However, it is noteworthy that the number of p27 positive cells increased in SCC samples that also showed increased expression of Ki-67, cdk2, and cyclin E. The p27 protein in SCC samples was bound to cdk2 and cyclin E. However, cdk2 that was bound to p27 still possessed histone H1 kinase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of p27 may be involved in the growth regulation of the normal squamous epithelium in the uterine cervix. However, aberrant function of p27 expression may occur in invasive SCC of the cervix.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiozawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiohara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikaido
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000502:physiology; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27