title: Experimental investigation of the effect orifice shape and fluid pressure has on high aspect ratio cross-sectional jet behaviour.
abstract: Prevention of major disasters such as Piper Alpha is a concern of oil and gas companies when commissioning a new offshore superstructure. Safety studies are undertaken to identify potential major hazards, risks to personnel and that sufficient precautions have been employed to minimise these. Such an assessment will also include the consideration of the protection from gas leaks such as the optimum positions of gas leak detectors and startup safety procedures after a leak. This requires a comprehensive knowledge of the behaviour of the leaking hydrocarbons as they emerge from the leak into the area of concern. Such leaks are most likely to emanate from a high aspect ratio cross-sectional curved slot in a pipeline. This paper challenges the conventional view that it is sufficient to model such leaks as axisymmetric jets. This paper is therefore concerned with an experimental study carried out on a series of more realistic high aspect ratio cross-sectional jets issuing from a flange orifice. Both high quality photographs in both planes of the jets and some quantitative pressure data is examined for a high aspect ratio cross-sectional jet of air at pressures up to 4.136bar. The effect of changing aspect ratio, fluid pressure and orifice shape will be discussed and put into context with regard to how this relates to offshore analysis studies.
authors.affiliation: Fluid Mechanics Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Hertfordshire, UK. s.j.wakes@herts.ac.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wakes
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Holdø
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Meares
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000392:Air Movements; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004867:Equipment Design; D010578:Petroleum; D011312:Pressure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014872:Water Movements; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum