title: Identification of multiple isolated lymphoid follicles on the antimesenteric wall of the mouse small intestine.
abstract: We have revealed that 100-200 clusters, filled with closely packed lymphocytes, can be found throughout the length of the antimesenteric wall of the mouse small intestine. They are composed of a large B cell area, including a germinal center, and epithelia overlying the clusters contain M cells. A large fraction of B cells displays B220+ CD19+ CD23+ IgM(low)IgD(high)CD5(-)Mac-1(-) phenotype, and the composition of IgA+ B cells is smaller but substantial. To our knowledge, these clusters are the first identification of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) in mouse small intestine. ILF can be first detected at 7 (BALB/c mice) and 25 (C57BL/6 mice) days after birth, and lymphoid clusters equivalent in terms of cellular mass to ILF are present in germfree, athymic nude, RAG-2(-/-), TCR-beta(-/-), and Ig mu-chain mutant (mu(-/-)) mice, although c-kit+ cells outnumber B220+ cells in germfree and athymic nude mice, and most lymphoid residents are c-kit+ B220(-) in RAG-2(-/-), TCR-beta(-/-), and mu(-/-) mice. ILF develop normally in the progeny of transplacentally manipulated Peyer's patch (PP)-deficient mice, and decreased numbers of conspicuously atrophied ILF are present in IL-7Ralpha(-/-) PP(null) mice. Neither ILF nor PP are detectable in lymphotoxin alpha(-/-) and aly/aly mice that retain well-developed cryptopatches (CP) and thymus-independent subsets of intraepithelial T cells, whereas ILF, PP, CP, and thymus-independent subsets of intraepithelial T cells disappear from common cytokine receptor gamma-chain mutant mice. These findings indicate that ILF, PP, and CP constitute three distinct organized gut-associated lymphoid tissues that reside in the lamina propria of the mouse small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Takachika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiroi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masunaga
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hachimura
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaminogawa
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi-Iwanaga
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D008643:Mesentery / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens