title: Combined endoscopic mucosal resection and photodynamic therapy for esophageal neoplasia within Barrett's esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and photodynamic therapy have been proposed as treatments for early stage cancers. EMR is limited by its focal nature whereas photodynamic therapy is dependent on precise staging. The combination of EMR and photodynamic therapy were studied in the treatment of superficial cancer in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen consecutive nonsurgical patients with superficial cancers underwent EMR followed by photodynamic therapy with a porphyrin photosensitizer. Photoradiation was performed at 630 nm for a total dose of 200 J/cm of diffuser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients (15 men; mean age 69 +/- 13 years) underwent EMR. The mean diameter of mucosal resection was 1 cm. The margins were involved by cancer in 3 cases. EMR improved staging in 8 patients (47%). Sixteen (94%) patients remained in remission (median follow-up 13 months). Complications included minor bleeding after EMR in 1 patient (6%), stricture in 5 (30%), cutaneous phototoxicity in 2 (12%), and supraventricular tachycardia in 1 patient (6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined EMR and photodynamic therapy appears to be an effective and safe therapy for superficial esophageal cancer within Barrett's esophagus. This combination improves cancer staging, removes the superficial cancer, and eliminates remaining mucosa at risk for cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Buttar
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lutzke
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Krishnadath
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome