title: Lamivudine treatment failure in preventing fatal outcome of de novo severe acute hepatitis B in patients with haematological diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with malignant haematological diseases administered or no longer receiving immunosuppressive therapy are at high risk of reactivation or de novo hepatitis B infection and fulminant hepatitis. Despite promising results in the treatment of chronic hepatitis and its use in selected patients with acute hepatitis B, there is no consensus on lamivudine treatment in severe acute hepatitis portending a fatal clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the ten patients with malignant haematological disorders who became infected with the same strain of hepatitis B virus during hospitalisation in a haematology ward, five received lamivudine (and in some cases, ganciclovir and famciclovir). The other patients received only supportive therapy, since deteriorating clinical conditions hampered specific treatment efforts. Eight patients died from acute liver failure and one from a fatal course of the haematological disease; one had a favourable outcome from the therapy. There was no significant difference in terms of survival between the treated and untreated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although lamivudine has proved promising in the therapy of chronic hepatitis B and of recurrent hepatitis after liver transplantation, its use in de novo severe acute hepatitis should be investigated further, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Pesaro Hospital, Pesaro, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petrelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pieretti
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manzin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine