title: Nanoscale powders and formulations with biocidal activity toward spores and vegetative cells of bacillus species, viruses, and toxins.
abstract: Certain formulations of nanoscale powders possess antimicrobial properties. These formulations are made of simple, nontoxic metal oxides such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO, lime) in nanocrystalline form, carrying active forms of halogens, for example, MgO. Cl2 and MgO. Br2. When these ultrafine powders contact vegetative cells of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, or Bacillus globigii, over 90% are killed within a few minutes. Likewise, spore forms of the Bacillus species are decontaminated within several hours. Dry contact with aflatoxins and contact with MS2 bacteriophage (surrogate of human enterovirus) in water also causes decontamination in minutes.
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Material, Inc. (formerly Nantek, Inc.), 1500 Hays Drive, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
authors.forename: Olga B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Koper
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Klabunde
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Marchin
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klabunde
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stoimenov
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bohra
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006219:Halogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D017909:Levivirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D013170:Spores / Q000187:drug effects*; D014118:Toxins, Biological
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D006219:Halogens; D010087:Oxides; D011208:Powders; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; C016538:lime