title: Estrogen receptors and endocrine diseases: lessons from estrogen receptor knockout mice.
abstract: The estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta are the main mediators of estrogen action and estrogens play an important role in a variety of aspects of physiology besides their well acknowledged function in reproduction. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the estrogen receptors are mechanistically implicated in endocrine-related diseases. Recent studies with estrogen receptor knockout mice have helped to unravel the role of the estrogen receptors in brain degeneration, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Merck KGaA, Institute of Toxicology, Darmstadt, Germany. stefan.o.mueller@merck.de
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Korach
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen