title: Myocardial muscarinic receptor upregulation and normal response to isoproterenol in denervated hearts by familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy, a rare hereditary form of amyloidosis, have progressive autonomic neuropathy. The disease usually does not induce heart failure but is associated with sudden death, conduction disturbances, and an increased risk of complications during anesthesia. Although cardiac sympathetic denervation has been clearly demonstrated, the postsynaptic status of the cardiac autonomic nervous system remains unelucidated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients were studied (age, 39+/-11 years; normal coronary arteries; left ventricular ejection fraction 68+/-9%). To evaluate the density and affinity constants of myocardial muscarinic receptors, PET with (11)C-MQNB (methylquinuclidinyl benzilate), a specific hydrophilic antagonist, was used. Cardiac beta-receptor functional efficiency was studied by the heart rate (HR) response to intravenous infusion of isoproterenol (5 minutes after 2 mg of atropine, 5, 10, and 15 ng/kg per minute during 5 minutes per step). The mean muscarinic receptor density was higher in patients than in control subjects (B'(max), 35.5+/-8.9 versus 26.1+/-6.7 pmol/mL, P=0.003), without change in receptor affinity. The increase in HR after injection of atropine as well as of MQNB was lower in patients compared with control subjects despite a similar basal HR (DeltaHR after atropine, 11+/-21% versus 62+/-17%; P<0.001), consistent with parasympathetic denervation. Incremental infusion of isoproterenol induced a similar increase in HR in patients and control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac autonomic denervation in familial amyloid polyneuropathy results in an upregulation of myocardial muscarinic receptors but without change in cardiac beta-receptor responsiveness to catecholamines.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France. nicolas.delahaye@laposte.net
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delahaye
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Guludec
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dinanian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delforge
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dollé
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mzabi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Syrota
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merlet
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D028227:Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D001285:Atropine; D007545:Isoproterenol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine