title: Clinical severity of Norwalk virus and Sapporo virus gastroenteritis in children in Hokkaido, Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the clinical significance and etiologic impact of Norwalk virus (NV) and Sapporo virus (SV) in viral gastroenteritis in Japanese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two outbreaks each of NV gastroenteritis and SV gastroenteritis occurring in an infant home in Sapporo, Japan, as well as 95 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis were retrospectively evaluated using a 0- to 20-point clinical severity scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean severity scores for NV and SV gastroenteritis outbreaks were 7.9 and 5.2, respectively, as compared with 8.4 for rotavirus A gastroenteritis that occurred in the same infant home. Among 95 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus A was detected in 47% followed by NV in 18%. SV was not found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that NV can cause severe gastroenteritis and is an important etiologic agent in hospitalized cases, whereas SV causes mild gastroenteritis in Japanese children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S.1 W.16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Numata-Kinoshita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009663:Norwalk virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D029341:Sapovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric