title: Inhibition of bladder carcinoma cell adhesion by oligopeptide combinations in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A presumed reason for the high recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancer after transurethral tumor resection is the reimplantation of tumor cells. Because tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is mediated by integrin molecules, we tested specific integrin receptor blocking oligopeptides to prevent this mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro cell adherence assay with various bladder cancer cell lines and extracellular matrices, including fibronectin, collagen type I, laminin and combinations, was used to analyze the inhibition of tumor cell adhesion by the matrix specific oligopeptides GRGDS, DGEA and EILDV. In therapeutic in vivo experiments the orthotopic murine bladder tumor model MB49 was used. The ability of oligopeptides to interfere with tumor cell adhesion and consecutive tumor outgrowth was evaluated and compared with that of nonspecific peptides, commercially available irrigation fluid and single dose epirubicin chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro fibronectin specific oligopeptides showed a concentration dependent inhibition of tumor cell adherence to fibronectin, whereas adhesion to laminin, collagen and combined matrices was not inhibited. In contrast, combinations of integrin receptor blocking oligopeptides were highly active. In vivo local tumor take was not affected by irrigation fluid, nonspecific peptides or monospecific oligopeptides alone, whereas the combination of the 3 oligopeptides effectively inhibited tumor outgrowth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining oligopeptides with various specificities significantly inhibited tumor cell adhesion and tumor outgrowth. Application of this principle in a clinical setting may be an effective method for reducing the recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böhle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurczok
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ardelt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jocham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brandau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D005353:Fibronectins; D007797:Laminin; D009842:Oligopeptides; C049554:glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine