title: Three-color flow cytometric study on lymphocytes derived from thymic diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anterior mediastinal masses derive from a variety of diseases. Thymomas have been shown to commonly hold CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) lymphocytes, and identification of this subset by two-color flow cytometric study was suggested to help diagnosis of thymoma. Several other thymic diseases, however, possibly hold CD4(+)CD8(+) DP lymphocytes. In this study, we utilized the three-color flow cytometric method for further examination of the phenotypes of lymphocytes in the thymic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eight specimens (77 primary and 10 metastatic thymomas, 10 thymic carcinomas, 2 thymic carcinoids, 4 malignant lymphomas, 2 seminomas, an inflammatory pseudotumor, and 2 nonneoplastic thymic hyperplasias) were subjected to the study. The expressions of CD3, CD4, and CD8 on tumor-associated lymphocytes were evaluated by three-color flow cytometric study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of the CD4(+)CD8(+) DP subset was more than 30% in all 78 lymphocyte-rich thymomas, in 2 malignant lymphomas, and in both thymic hyperplasias. CD3 expression of the CD4(+)CD8(+) DP subset ranged from a negative to a high level in thymomas and thymic hyperplasias, while it was restricted to a particular level in CD4(+)CD8(+) DP-type malignant lymphomas. The proportion of CD3(+) cells in the CD4(+)CD8(-) single-positive subset was consistently less than 90% in the lymphocyte-rich thymomas, while it was more than 90% in the thymic hyperplasias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although identification of the CD4(+)CD8(+) DP subset in the tumor-associated lymphocytes does not necessarily indicate thymoma, a further characterization of thymic neoplasms possessing the CD4(+)CD8(+) DP subset was enabled by three-color flow cytometric study, suggesting the utility of this method as an ancillary tool for differential diagnosis of these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (E-1), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita-City, Japan. meinosin@surg1.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013945:Thymoma / Q000276:immunology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000473:pathology; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens