title: Preventive effects of ginsenosides on osteopenia of rats induced by ovariectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of ginsenosides (GSL) on ovariectomized rats by analysis of cancellous bone histomorphometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats at age of 3 months were sham-operated (Sham, n = 8) and treated orally with vehicle, or ovariectomized (OVX, n = 32 which were divided into three group with n = 8 per group) and treated orally with either vehicle, 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE, 100 microg . kg-1 . d-1), or ginsenosides (GSL) at 100 or 300 mg . kg-1 . d-1 for 10 weeks. Double in vivo fluorochrome labeling was administrated. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal sections were cut and stained with Goldner's Trichrome (4-micron thickness) or unstained (8-micron thickness) for the bone histomorphometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 10 weeks post OVX the cancellous bone mass was lost markedly and showed high bone turnover indices (increased bone resorption and formation). EE decreased the resorptive surface and bone formation rate related to bone turnover and prevented bone loss. GSL at the two doses (100 and 300 mg . kg-1 . d-1) reduced the resorptive surfaces as did EE, but did not depress the mineral bone formation. High dose of GSL greatly increased bone mass and had a tendency to decrease bone turnover when compared with OVX group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GSL partially prevented OVX-induced cancellous bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast bone resorption and by a mild depression of bone turnover.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, China. cui_liao@yahoo.com
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Q N
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol