title: Cytomegalovirus DNA among children attending two day-care centers in Tokyo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the USA, a high prevalence rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion among children in day-care centres was reported. However, there is no research about the prevalence rate of CMV among children in day-care centres in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CMV excretion was studied in 54 children's saliva samples, collected from two different day-care centres in Tokyo. As a control, the prevalence of CMV was studied among 61 healthy children who did not attend any day-care centers. The CMV DNA in saliva were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with one pair of primers for the immediate early region. The sequence of CMV genomes were examined in CMV PCR positive samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 54 saliva samples, 20.6% (6/29) and 24% (6/25) were CMV PCR positive in children at A and B day-care centres, respectively. The overall positivity of CMV PCR in saliva was 22.2% (12/54). Of the 61 saliva samples as the control study, 6.5% (4/61) were CMV PCR positive. There was a difference in the positivity in each age group of day-care centres and normal control. Each sample of the same day-care center gave conclusive and identical sequence results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suspected that in each day-care center that there was one prevailing viral strain. We suppose that CMV infections were acquired inside the day-care centres. This is a first report which described viral transmission in day-care centres in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. hoyohoyo@tokyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.lastname: Hisashi
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takekuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoshika
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nozaki-Renard
mesh_terms: D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral