title: Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1) and bladder cancer susceptibility in the Turkish population.
abstract: We investigated the effect of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes, and GSTP1 313 A/G polymorphism on bladder cancer susceptibility in a case control study of 121 bladder cancer patients, and 121 age- and sex-matched controls of the Turkish population. The adjusted odds ratio for age, sex, and smoking status is 1.94 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.15-3.26] for the GSTM1 null genotype, and 1.75 (95% CT 1.03-2.99) for the GSTP1 313 A/G or G/G genotypes. GSTT1 was shown not to be associated with bladder cancer. Combination of the two high-risk genotypes. GSTM1 null and GSTP1 313 A/G or G/G, revealed that the risk increases to 3.91-fold (95% CI 1.88-8.13) compared with the combination of the low-risk genotypes of these loci. In individuals with the combined risk factors of cigarette smoking and the GSTM1 null genotype, the risk of bladder cancer is 2.81 times (95% CI 1.23-6.35) that of persons who both carry the GSTM1-present genotype and do not smoke. Similarly, the risk is 2.38-fold (95% CI 1.12-4.95) for the combined GSTP1 313 A/G and G/ G genotypes and smoking. These findings support the role for the GSTM1 null and the GSTP1 313 AG or GG genotypes in the development of bladder cancer. Furthermore, gene-gene (GSTM1-GSTP1) and gene-environment (GSTM1-smoking, GSTP1-smoking) interactions increase this risk substantially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Törüner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akyerli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uçar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozçelik
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D007527:Isoenzymes; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human