title: Multi-channel orbicularis oculi stimulation to restore eye-blink function in facial paralysis.
abstract: Facial paralysis due to facial nerve injury results in the loss of function of the muscles of the hemiface. The most serious complication in extreme cases is the loss of vision. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of single- and multiple-channel electrical stimulation to restore a complete and cosmetically acceptable eye blink. We established bilateral orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) paralysis in eight dogs; the OOM of one side was directly stimulated using single-channel electrical stimulation and the opposite side was stimulated using multi-channel electrical stimulation. The changes in the palpebral fissure and complete palpebral closure were measured. The difference in current intensities between the multi-channel and single-channel simulation groups was significant, while only multi-channel stimulation produced complete eyelid closure. The latest electronic stimulation circuitry with high-quality implantable electrodes will make it possible to regulate precisely OOM contractions and thus generate complete and cosmetically acceptable eye-blink motion in patients with facial paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Somia
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Zonnevijlle
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Stremel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gossman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000294:innervation*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D011336:Probability; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012016:Reference Values; D016896:Treatment Outcome