title: In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin 3-O-methyl ether and other constituents from Rhamnus species.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-methyl ether (1), kaempferol (2), and quercetin (3), of Rhamnus nakaharai, and anthraquinone, frangulin B (4), of Rhamnus formosana, were assessed in vitro by determining their inhibitory effects on the chemical mediators released from mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and microglial cells. Compounds 1 - 3 strongly inhibited the release of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compound 1 strongly inhibited superoxide anion formation in fMLP/CB or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated rat neutrophils. Compound 1 exhibited potent inhibitory effect on tumor-necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha) formation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells while 1 and 4 showed potent inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha formation in LPS/IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma)-stimulated murine microglial cell lines N9.
authors.affiliation: National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D044949:Kaempferols; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D031955:Rhamnus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005419:Flavonoids; D044949:Kaempferols; D028321:Plant Preparations; C459210:quercetin 3-O-methyl ether; C006552:kaempferol; C007781:frangulin B; D011794:Quercetin; D009113:Muramidase; D005966:Glucuronidase