Incidence of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities in London: ecological study into interactions with environment.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the incidence of schizophrenia among people from non-white ethnic minorities is greater in neighbourhoods where they constitute a smaller proportion of the total population.


METHODS
Ecological design including retrospective study of case records to calculate the incidence of schizophrenia in the ethnic minority population across electoral wards and multi-level analysis to examine interaction between individuals and environment.


METHODS
15 electoral wards in Camberwell, South London.


METHODS
All people aged 16 years and over who had contact with psychiatric services during 1988-97.


METHODS
Incidence rates of schizophrenia according to Research Diagnostic Criteria.


RESULTS
The incidence of schizophrenia in non-white ethnic minorities increased significantly as the proportion of such minorities in the local population fell. The incidence rate ratio varied in a dose-response fashion from 2.38 (95% confidence interval 1.49 to 3.79) in the third of wards where non-white ethnic minorities formed the largest proportion (28-57%) of the local population to 4.4 (2.49 to 7.75) in the third of wards where they formed the smallest proportion (8-22%).


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of schizophrenia in non-white ethnic minorities in London is greater when they comprise a smaller proportion of the local population.
Boydell
J
J
Division of Psychiological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK. j.kelly@iop.kcl.ac.uk
van Os
J
J
McKenzie
K
K
Allardyce
J
J
Goel
R
R
McCreadie
R G
RG
Murray
R M
RM
D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008913:Minority Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology