title: Molecular typing of paired bacterial isolates from the adenoid and lateral wall of the nose in children undergoing adenoidectomy: implications in acute rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have suggested that the origin of bacteria that enter the lateral wall of the nose and paranasal sinuses arise from the nasopharynx. The purpose of this study was to compare the molecular biological profiles of potential pathogens found in the nasopharynx and lateral wall of the nose concomittantly in children undergoing surgery for upper respiratory tract disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two children undergoing adenoidectomy for either tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy (hypertrophy) or otitis media with effusion were studied. Bacterial cultures were taken from the crypts of the adenoids and from the lateral wall of the nose under endoscopic control after sterilization of the vestibule and inferior turbinate. Routine cultures of these areas were performed in the bacteriology laboratory of the Children's Hospital of Buffalo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 79% of adenoids and 46% of lateral walls of the nose. Molecular typing of pairs of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis revealed that in 16 of 18 pairs (89%) the identical strain was present in both sites simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the concept that when potential bacterial pathogens that may cause acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are found concomitantly in the nasopharynx and lateral wall of the nose, they are usually identical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA. jbernste@acsu.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dryja
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D000234:Adenoids / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000235:genetics*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D016870:Neisseriaceae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics*; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial