title: Incidence of patulin in apple juices marketed in Turkey.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the patulin contamination of apple juices consumed by the Turkish population. Patulin was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector at 280 nm, and the identification of patulin was further confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Using HPLC, the recoveries were 79.9 +/- 6.7% and 83.7 +/- 4.6%, and the coefficients of variation were 8.4 and 5.5% for apple juices spiked with the known amounts of patulin (60 and 120 microg/liter. respectively). The minimum patulin level detected was 5 ng in a standard solution and 5 microg/liter in apple juices. The TLC method was used only to confirm patulin levels higher than 20 microg/liter (100 ng/spot) in apple juices. The total number of samples was 45. Patulin was present in detectable levels in 60% of apple juices at concentrations ranging from 19.1 to 732.8 microg/liter. Forty-four percent of the apple juice samples had patulin contamination levels higher than 50 microg/ liter, which is the allowable upper limit in Turkey.
authors.affiliation: Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yurdun
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Omurtag
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ersoy
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005504:Food Analysis; D015994:Incidence; D027845:Malus; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010365:Patulin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D010365:Patulin