title: Internal jugular vein occlusion test for rapid diagnosis of misplaced subclavian vein catheter into the internal jugular vein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During subclavian vein catheterization, the most common misplacement of the catheter is cephalad, into the ipsilateral internal jugular vein (IJV). This can be detected by chest radiography. However, after any repositioning of the catheter, subsequent chest radiography is required. In an effort to simplify the detection of a misplaced subclavian vein catheter, the authors assessed a previously published detection method.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred adult patients scheduled for subclavian vein cannulation were included in this study. After placement of subclavian vein catheter, chest radiography was performed. While the x-ray film was being processed, the authors performed an IJV occlusion test by applying external pressure on the IJV for approximately 10 s in the supraclavicular area and observed the change in central venous pressure and its waveform pattern. The observations thus obtained were compared with the position of catheter in chest radiographs, and the sensitivity and specificity of this method were evaluated using a 2 x 2 table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 96 patients, subclavian vein cannulation was successfully performed. In four patients, cannulation was unsuccessful; therefore, these patients were excluded from the study. There were six misplacements of venous catheters as detected by radiography. In five (5.2%) patients, the catheter tip was located in the ipsilateral IJV, and in one (1.02%), the catheter tip was located in the contralateral subclavian vein. In the patients who had a misplaced catheter into the IJV, IJV occlusion test results were positive, with an increase of 3-5 mmHg in central venous pressure, whereas the test results were negative in patients who had normally placed catheters or misplacement of a catheter other than in the IJV. There were no false-positive or false-negative test results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IJV occlusion test successfully detects the misplacement of subclavian vein catheter into the IJV. However, it does not detect any other misplacement. The test may allow avoidance of repeated exposure to x-rays after catheter insertion and repositioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. ambeshsp@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ambesh
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging