title: Correlates of antibiotic use in Taiwan hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors that correlate with increased antibiotic use among adult inpatients in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective survey of medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 acute-care hospitals (8 regional hospitals, 6 medical centers) in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic probability sample from each hospital, totaling 663 adult inpatients who were discharged or had died in early 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infectious disease physicians at the 14 hospitals collected data from medical records regarding patient demographics, hospitalization, discharge diagnosis, and antibiotics received.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 447 (67%) patients received antibiotics for an overall rate of 813 antibiotic-days (number of days patients received each antibiotic)/1,000 patient-days. Both the proportion of beds in intensive care units ([ICUs] Pearson correlation coefficient [r], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI 95], 0.36-0.89; P<.01) and the proportion of patients admitted to surgical services (r, 0.66; CI 95, 0.20-0.88; P=.01) correlated with the mean patient rate of antibiotic-days/hospital-day (MPAUD). In contrast, we found no correlation between the proportion of patients who received antibiotics and the MPAUD. Using multiple linear regression, medical center status was the only independent predictor for increased MPAUD (regression coefficient [b], 0.15; CI 95, 0.05-0.24; P<.01). There was no correlation between pooled rates of antibiotic-days/hospital-day and any hospital demographic factors. First-generation cephalosporin (39%) and aminoglycoside (24%) use accounted for the majority of antibiotic-days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotic use is greater in medical centers than in regional hospitals and appears to be independent of surgical case mix or the proportion of ICU beds. Determination of multiple, independent measures of antibiotic use may be necessary to understand the relation between antibiotic use and resistance in hospital.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hsiung
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003625:Data Collection; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents