title: Computing an organism: on the interface between informatic and dynamic processes.
abstract: The importance of interactions between processes at diverse space and time scales in biological information processing is a recurrent theme in the work of Michael Conrad (BioSystems, 1995: 35, 157-160; BioSystems, 1999: 52, 99-100). In this paper I present some results of explicit computational models that aim to capture and exploit some of the essential features of such multi-level processes. In the model formulation, I try to minimize the explicit definition of inter-level interactions, while providing the possibility of such interactions to develop. As often argued by Conrad inter-level interactions limit programmability. Indeed, we use an evolutionary process to derive the specific models. We study morphogenesis. We show that the interplay between cell adhesion and cell differentiation provides interesting mechanisms for morphogenesis. We also show that the interplay can both reduce and enhance small random fluctuations. We show that unequal cell cleavage in the early embryo-genesis reduces inter-individual variation of the morphemes developed from the same 'genome'. Our results suggest that, during evolution, the interplay between levels is exploited while it is at the same time reduced so as to give a certain primacy to inherited information.
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands. p.hogeweg@bio.uu.nl
authors.forename: Paulien
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hogeweg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019295:Computational Biology; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000254:growth & development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009154:Mutation