title: Clipless laparoscopic adrenalectomy with needlescopic instruments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe our experience with clipless laparoscopic adrenalectomy using needlescopic instruments. We compared the results with those of a contemporary series of conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 patients clipless laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed with needlescopic instruments in an 8-month period. The technique included 2 or 3 subcostal 2 mm. ports and 1 umbilical 5/12 mm. port for the telescope and ultimate specimen extraction. Adrenal vessels were controlled by bipolar coagulation without endoscopic clips. Outcome data were retrospectively compared with those on 20 recent conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomies done at the same institution. The 2 types of laparoscopic adrenalectomy were performed transperitoneally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the clipless group had a lower mean analgesic requirement (7.5 versus 15.3 mg. morphine sulfate equivalent, p = 0.02), lower mean pain and scar scores (3.1 versus 5.3 and 1.1 versus 4.2, respectively, p <0.05) and more rapid convalescence (1.6 versus 3.3 weeks, p <0.01) but longer operative time (183 versus 136 minutes, p = 0.04). Similar blood loss, time to oral intake and hospital stay were noted in the 2 groups. No major complications, open conversions or postoperative secondary bleeding occurred in either group. A 2 mm. port was converted to a 10 mm. port in only 1 case in the clipless group due to the inability to retract a bulky liver properly with a needlescopic instrument.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clipless laparoscopic adrenalectomy with needlescopic instruments is feasible for most benign adrenal tumors. In addition to the benefits of conventional laparoscopic surgery, clipless needlescopic laparoscopic adrenalectomy further decreased postoperative pain, shortened convalescence and improved wound cosmesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chueh
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shyh-Chyan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Hou
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ming-Kuen
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics