title: Effective bleeding control and symptom relief by lower dose regimens of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: a randomized comparative dose-ranging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared two different continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens of estradiol valerate (E(2)V) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with a combination of micronized estradiol (E(2)) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) to determine bleeding pattern, control of climacteric symptoms, lipid profile, endometrial and general safety in a 1-year multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  440 postmenopausal women were randomized to three treatment groups to receive: 1 mg E(2)V+2.5 mg MPA; 1 mg E(2)V+5 mg MPA; or 2 mg of E(2)+1 mg NETA. After the first 6 months, the E(2)V dose was increased to 2 mg in both E(2)V/MPA groups. Information on bleeding was recorded on diaries by the women and intensity of climacteric symptoms was assessed using VAS scales. Physical and laboratory examinations, endometrial biopsy and vaginal ultrasonography were performed at baseline and follow-up visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly fewer bleeding days were experienced in the first 3 months by women taking E(2)V/MPA compared with women taking E(2)/NETA. When the dose of E(2)V was increased in the E(2)V/MPA groups, an increase in maximum bleeding intensity was observed in the group receiving 2.5 mg of MPA, but not in the group taking 5 mg of MPA. All dose combinations effectively relieved climacteric symptoms and beneficial effects on the lipid profile were seen after 6 months in all groups. Tolerability and endometrial safety were good and no cases of hyperplasia were observed. More women discontinued treatment prematurely in the E(2)/NETA group compared with either of the E(2)V/MPA groups. The overall continuation rates ranged from 70 to 86%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that lower dose combinations of continuous combined HRT are usually sufficient to control symptoms or avoid breakthrough bleeding. However, if higher E(2)V dose is needed for symptom control, it should be combined with the higher dose of progestin (5 mg) to avoid bleeding disturbances. Flexible treatment regimens should be available for individualized HRT.
authors.affiliation: Polyclinique Hôtel-Dieu, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruhat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudolf
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaheri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kainulainen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Timonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viitanen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone