title: Altered brain phosphocreatine and ATP regulation when mitochondrial creatine kinase is absent.
abstract: In cerebral gray matter, ATP concentration is closely maintained despite rapid, large increases in turnover and low substrate reserves. As seen in vivo by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, brain ATP is stable early in seizures, a state of high energy demand, and in mild hypoxia, a state of substrate deficiency. Like other tissues with high and variable ATP turnover, cerebral gray matter has high phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration and both cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase (UbMi-CK) isoenzymes. To understand the physiology of brain creatine kinases, we used (31)P NMR to study PCr and ATP regulation during seizures and hypoxia in mice with targeted deletion of the UbMi-CK gene. The baseline CK reaction rate constant (k) was higher in mutants than wild-types. During seizures, PCr and ATP decreased in mutants but not in wild-types. The k-value for the CK catalyzed reaction rate increased in wild-types but not in the mutants. Hypoxic mutants and wild-types showed similar PCr losses and stable ATP. During recovery from hypoxia, brain PCr and ATP concentrations returned to baseline in wild-types but were 20% higher than baseline in the mutants. We propose that UbMi-CK couples ATP turnover to the CK catalyzed reaction rate and regulates ATP concentration when synthesis is increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kekelidze
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khait
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togliatti
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Benzecry
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wieringa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holtzman
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D052281:Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics*; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology*; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D012640:Seizures / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003292:Convulsants; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D052281:Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form; D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole