title: Do panic patients process unconditioned fear vs. conditioned anxiety differently than normal subjects?
abstract: Panic patients were evaluated with two models of experimental anxiety that are believed to generate distinct emotional states: (1) a stimulated public speaking test (SPS), a presumed indicator of unconditioned fear, and (2) conditioning of skin conductance responses (CSCR) to a tone associated with an aversive white noise, an index of conditioned anxiety. Subjective states were evaluated through the visual analogue mood scale (VAMS) and a bodily symptoms scale (BSS). In the SPS test, panic patients showed higher baseline levels of VAMS-measured anxiety than controls. Unlike controls, panic patients failed to show increased anxiety before and during speech. Although baseline levels of arousal were similar in both groups, VAMS mental sedation decreased in controls, but not in panic patients during the SPS. Panic patients showed more discontent than controls throughout the whole experimental session. They also scored higher than controls on several items of the BSS. In the CSCR test, panic patients showed more spontaneous fluctuations of skin conductance than controls. Nevertheless, conditioning of skin conductance responses to the tone was similar in both groups. Therefore, panic patients seemed to process unconditioned fear abnormally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. delben@fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Del-Ben
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hetem
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Graeff
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Zuardi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior