title: Potentiation of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP accumulation by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) inhibitors in rat pinealocytes.
abstract: The effects of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) inhibitors on the adrenergic-stimulated cyclic nucleotide production in rat pinealocytes were investigated. Treatment with SB202190 [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)IH-imidazole] and SB203580 [4-(4-fluoropheny)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)IH-imidazole] (1-100 microM), two pyridinyl imidazole compounds that inhibit p38MAPK, as well as SB202474 [4-(ethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)IH-imidazole], an inactive analog, was effective in potentiating norepinephrine- and isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. All three compounds caused a greater increase in the cGMP than the cAMP response, with SB202474 being substantially more potent than the two active analogs. At 100 microM, SB202474 potentiated the isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP and cGMP accumulation by 65 and 500%, respectively. Pharmacological studies indicated that the potentiating effect of SB202474 was independent of protein kinase C activation, intracellular calcium elevation, or serine/threonine phosphatase inhibition, three pathways known to potentiate the beta-adrenergic-stimulated cyclic nucleotide responses in rat pinealocytes. In contrast, the potentiating effect of SB202474 was abolished in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, isobutylmethylxanthine. At 100 microM, all three compounds inhibited cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterase activities by 50 and 80%, respectively. These results suggest that the commonly used p38MAPK inhibitors can modulate cyclic nucleotide responses through phosphodiesterase inhibition, a mechanism that appears to be independent of p38MAPK inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-26 Medical Sciences Building, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. anho@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mackova
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chik
mesh_terms: D048729:Anacardic Acids; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008387:Marine Toxins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D048729:Anacardic Acids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008387:Marine Toxins; D010080:Oxazoles; D012459:Salicylates; C088926:SB 202742; D015759:Ionomycin; C059041:calyculin A; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D007545:Isoproterenol; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate