title: Muscle preservation using an implantable electrical system after nerve injury and repair.
abstract: The value of continuous electrical stimulation of denervated muscles after nerve injury and repair has been clearly shown in a series of laboratory experiments in three animal models. This experimental background, which showed improved muscle preservation and better functional results, evolved into a clinical study that included 15 patients with peripheral nerve injuries in the upper extremities, 3 patients with brachial plexus injuries, and three patients with facial nerve paralysis. Improved functional results were obtained using this implantable system, which were similar to those achieved with the animal experiments. All patients had muscle stimulation for extended periods ranging from 127 to 346 days. Analysis of the results showed satisfactory nerve regeneration on clinical examination and with electromyographic studies. Functional muscle analysis varied somewhat from patient to patient, but every patient had a satisfactory to excellent recovery. The results from this study have clearly shown the benefits of continuous muscle stimulation using an implantable electrical system after nerve injury and repair expansion of the project to a larger patient cohort is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nicolaidis
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011826:Radial Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery