title: A critical period for right hemisphere recruitment in American Sign Language processing.
abstract: Signed languages such as American Sign Language (ASL) are natural languages that are formally similar to spoken languages, and thus present an opportunity to examine the effects of language structure and modality on the neural organization for language. Native learners of spoken languages show predominantly left-lateralized patterns of neural activation for language processing, whereas native learners of ASL show extensive right hemisphere (RH) and LH activation. We demonstrate that the RH angular gyrus is active during ASL processing only in native signers (hearing, ASL-English bilinguals) but not in those who acquired ASL after puberty (hearing, native English speakers). This is the first demonstration of a 'sensitive' or 'critical' period for language in an RH structure. This has implications for language acquisition and for understanding age-related changes in neuroplasticity more generally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1227, USA. anewman@braindev.uoregon.edu
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bavelier
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corina
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jezzard
authors.forename: Helen J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Neville
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012813:Sign Language