title: Prognostic value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients who undergo lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Potential candidates for lung transplantation undergo a rigorous evaluation before transplant. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are used as a screening tool for occult malignancy in many lung transplant centers. We reviewed the pre-transplant CEA levels in lung transplant recipients in our institution to determine their prognostic significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective database review of the first 200 patients that had undergone lung or heart-lung transplant at our institution (dates were 1/20/92-7/25/98). Data extracted included CEA levels (in ng/ml) at the time of lung transplant evaluation, demographic data, and survival. Patients had one of the following diagnoses: alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Eisenmenger's syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, or other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After excluding re-transplants, CEA results were available for 174 of 193 (90.2%) patients. CEA levels were elevated in 85 patients (48.9%) with a mean value of 3.15 +/- 2.55 (normal < 2.5). Solid organ cancers developed in 6 patients, at a median follow-up of 27.5 months after transplant. Their mean pre-transplant CEA level was similar to the rest of the group (3.52 +/- 2.05). Pre-transplant CEA levels did not predict post-transplant survival. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had the highest pre-transplant CEA levels, whereas patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger's syndrome had the lowest (5.36 +/- 4.59, 0.83 +/- 0.56, and 1.43 +/- 0.81, respectively; p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEA levels are high in patients with end-stage lung disease, especially IPF. Their levels appear to be a marker of the underlying disease and do not predict the post-transplant survival or development of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hadjiliadis
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Tapson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen