title: Hiatal hernia in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compares esophageal pH-monitoring parameters of children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) with or without hiatal hernia (HH) and determines the outcome of those with GER and HH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 718 children with GER, 45 children (6%) with associated HH were retrospectively studied. They were divided into those with neurologically normal development (NN, n = 35) and those with neurologic disorders (ND, n = 10). The pH-monitoring parameters of 27 of these (60%) were compared with pH-monitoring parameters of 27 control children who had GER without HH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Esophageal clearance was longer in patients with HH compared with those without HH (P < 0.05). All 35 NN patients underwent a trial of conservative treatment, which failed in 9 patients (25.7%). Surgery was the initial treatment in 8 ND patients. Follow-up was available in 20 NN and 10 ND patients. Nine of 11 conservatively treated NN patients improved. All NN (n = 9) and ND (n = 8) patients who underwent surgery improved. Conservative treatment failed in 2 NN and in 2 ND patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of HH in children with GER is associated with prolonged exposure of the esophagus to acid and a high failure rate of nonoperative treatment. However, medical treatment should be tried in NN children despite the significant failure rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100 Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorenstein
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cordova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witzling
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krutman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serour
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome