title: Depression: perspectives from affective neuroscience.
abstract: Depression is a disorder of the representation and regulation of mood and emotion. The circuitry underlying the representation and regulation of normal emotion and mood is reviewed, including studies at the animal level, human lesion studies, and human brain imaging studies. This corpus of data is used to construct a model of the ways in which affect can become disordered in depression. Research on the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, and amygdala is reviewed and abnormalities in the structure and function of these different regions in depression is considered. The review concludes with proposals for the specific types of processing abnormalities that result from dysfunctions in different parts of this circuitry and offers suggestions for the major themes upon which future research in this area should be focused.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Affective Neuroscience and W.M. Keck Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2280, USA. rjdavids@facstaff.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pizzagalli
authors.forename: Jack B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nitschke
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Putnam
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009488:Neurosciences; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology