title: A minimally invasive method for the determination of force in the interosseous ligament.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to develop and utilize a minimally invasive testing system to determine the force in the interosseous ligament under axial compressive loads across the range of motion of the human forearm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven fresh frozen human cadaveric forearms were used (51-72 years).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current studies investigating interosseous ligament forces altered the structure of the forearm by implanting load cells into the radius and ulna. This may affect load transfer through the forearm. Little information was available on interosseous ligament function over the entire flexion range of the elbow.
  
  
  METHODS
  A robotic joint testing system was used to apply a 100 N compressive load to the forearm and measure the resulting displacement. Each forearm was tested with no disruption of the bones and soft tissues of the forearm. The principle of superposition was used to calculate the forces in the interosseous ligament and was indirectly validated using fluoroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The force in the interosseous ligament ranged from a minimum of 8 N in neutral forearm rotation at full extension to a maximum of 43 N in supination at 30 degrees of flexion. The largest force was found in supination at all flexion angles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interosseous ligament is an important structure in the stability of the forearm. The force in the interosseous ligament depends on the elbow flexion angle and forearm rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that radial head fractures are best treated with the forearm in supination, since the interosseous ligament takes the largest load in this position. Complex injuries which have a poor prognosis, may require interosseous ligament reconstruction to improve clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Beth, Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 00215, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: DeFrate
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zayontz
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Herndon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength