title: The effects of remifentanil on epileptiform discharges during intraoperative electrocorticography in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-dose i.v. opioids (e.g., alfentanil, 50 microg/kg bolus) are known to increase the intraoperative reading of epileptiform activity during epilepsy surgery (ES), thereby facilitating localization of the epileptogenic zone (i.e., the site of ictal onset and initial seizure propagation). However, this phenomenon has not been studied with remifentanil (i.e., a novel ultra-short acting opioid). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of remifentanil on electrocorticography (ECoG) during ES.
  
  
  METHODS
  After Institutional Review Board approval, 25 adult patients undergoing elective ECoG-guided anterior temporal corticectomy were enrolled. At the time of ECoG, anesthesia consisted of inhaled isoflurane < or =0.1% (end-tidal) in 50% N2O, and i.v. fentanyl, 2 microg/kg/h and vecuronium. Patients were maintained at normocapnia and normoxia during ECoG. After acquisition of baseline ECoG, bolus remifentanil, 2.5 microg/kg i.v., was administered. The number of epileptiform spikes occurring 5 min before and after this bolus were compared by using a one-sided sign test; p values < or =0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with baseline ECoG, bolus i.v. remifentanil significantly increased the frequency of single spikes or repetitive spike bursts in the epileptogenic zone while suppressing activity in surrounding normal brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During ES, remifentanil enhanced epileptiform activity during intraoperative ECoG. Such observations facilitate localization of the epileptogenic zone while minimizing resection of nonepileptogenic eloquent brain tissue. Although not specifically evaluated in this study, we speculate that remifentanil's short elimination half-life will facilitate neurologic function testing immediately after ES. Should this be the case, we envision remifentanil has the potential to supplant other opioids (e.g., alfentanil) during ECoG-guided ES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wass
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fessler
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Cascino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lozada
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bechtle
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sharbrough
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011612:Psychosurgery; D000077208:Remifentanil; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil