The Arabidopsis HUELLENLOS gene, which is essential for normal ovule development, encodes a mitochondrial ribosomal protein.
The HUELLENLOS (HLL) gene participates in patterning and growth of the Arabidopsis ovule. We have isolated the HLL gene and shown that it encodes a protein homologous to the L14 proteins of eubacterial ribosomes. The Arabidopsis genome also includes a highly similar gene, HUELLENLOS PARALOG (HLP), and genes for both cytosolic (L23) and chloroplast ribosome L14 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis shows that HLL and HLP differ significantly from these other two classes of such proteins. HLL and HLP fusions to green fluorescent protein were localized to mitochondria. Ectopic expression of HLP complemented the hll mutant, indicating that HLP and HLL share redundant functions. We conclude that HLL and HLP encode L14 subunits of mitochondrial ribosomes. HLL mRNA was at significantly higher levels than HLP mRNA in pistils, with the opposite pattern in leaves. This differential expression can explain the confinement of effects of hll mutations to gynoecia and ovules. Our elucidation of the nature of HLL shows that metabolic defects can have specific effects on developmental patterning.
Skinner
D J
DJ
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Baker
S C
SC
Meister
R J
RJ
Broadhvest
J
J
Schneitz
K
K
Gasser
C S
CS
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C450149:HLL protein, Arabidopsis; C450150:HUELLENLOS PARALOG protein, Arabidopsis; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins