title: Diagnosis of high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration biopsy: nonsmall-cell or small-cell type?
abstract: A consensus optimal therapy for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung has not been achieved since this entity was proposed in 1991. Accumulation of clinical data and investigation, however, can be greatly impeded by erroneous cytological diagnosis, based on which treatment may be initiated. To avoid erroneous diagnoses, cytological criteria need to be defined. Twenty cases of fine-needle aspiration specimens with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor by either cytology or follow-up histology were retrospectively reviewed for cytomorphologic features. Patients' clinical data were also reviewed. Three cytomorphologic patterns were identified for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, i.e., nonsmall-cell-like, small-cell-like and, mixed nonsmall-cell-small-cell-like. Small-cell-like large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma can be mistaken for small-cell carcinoma. The most important differential features between these two entities are nuclear size and perceptibility of nucleoli of tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. yangy@upstate.edu
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kohman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins