title: Multicenter, Phase II study of capecitabine in taxane-pretreated metastatic breast carcinoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capecitabine is an oral, tumor-targeted fluoropyrimidine carbamate with high activity in metastatic breast carcinoma and in paclitaxel-pretreated metastatic breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current multicenter, Phase II trial assessed the efficacy and safety of intermittent oral capecitabine, 1255 mg/m(2) twice daily (2 weeks of treatment followed by a 1-week rest period), in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma in whom prior taxane therapy had failed. All patients had failed treatment or had disease that was refractory to two or three previous chemotherapy regimens, one of which contained a taxane. Nearly all patients (96%) also had received prior anthracycline chemotherapy. Seventy-five patients were recruited at 5 centers, 74 of whom received treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 26%, with response rates of 27% and 20%, respectively, in the subgroups of patients previously pretreated with paclitaxel (n = 47) or docetaxel (n = 27). The median survival was 12.2 months, the median duration of response was 8.3 months, and the median time to disease progression was 3.2 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (all grades) were hand-foot syndrome (62%), diarrhea (58%), nausea (55%), emesis (37%), and stomatitis (34%). However, the majority were mild to moderate in intensity and only three patients experienced Grade 4 (according to the National Cancer Institute of Canada Common Toxicity criteria) adverse events. The only Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events reported in > or = 10% of the patients were hand-foot syndrome (22%), diarrhea (16%), and stomatitis (12%). Myelosuppression and alopecia were rare, and there were no reported treatment-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study demonstrate that capecitabine is an effective and well tolerated treatment in patients with taxane-refractory or taxane-failing metastatic breast carcinoma. In addition, it is a convenient, orally administered drug, which makes it an attractive agent for use in outpatient treatment.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Oncology, 3535 Worth Street, Suite 600, Dallas, TX 75246, USA. joanne.blum@usoncology.com
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dieras
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rutman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buzdar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osterwalder
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D043823:Taxoids; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000069287:Capecitabine; D017239:Paclitaxel; D005472:Fluorouracil