title: Mitochondrial coupling factor 6 is present on the surface of human vascular endothelial cells and is released by shear stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We showed that mitochondrial coupling factor 6 (CF6), an endogenous inhibitor of prostacyclin synthesis, is present in the systemic circulation as a pressor substance in rats. We investigated the possibility of vascular endothelial cells as a source of circulating CF6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used 2 cultured endothelial cell lines, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and ECV 304 cells (transformed HUVECs), for this study. Immunofluorescence microscopy of both ECV 304 and HUVECs confirmed the surface-associated immunoreactivity of anti-CF6 antibody on the plasma membrane. The concentration of CF6 in the medium increased gradually with time in both ECV 304 and HUVECs in static conditions. Exposure of ECV 304 and HUVECs to a fluid shear stress enhanced the release of CF6: In ECV 304, the concentration of CF6 in the medium (ng. well(-1). 6 hours(-1)) was 2.1+/-0.8 at baseline, 4.3+/-0.8 after shear at 15 dynes/cm(2), and 57.7+/-8.4 after shear at 25 dynes/cm(2). CF6 contents in the cell homogenate and mitochondria were both significantly increased after exposure of ECV 304 to 6-hour shear at 15 dynes/cm(2), whereas they were unchanged after shear stress at 25 dynes/cm(2). The ratio of CF6 to GAPDH mRNA was enhanced significantly, by 1.8+/-0.2-fold, after 6-hour shear stress at 25 dynes/cm(2). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the surface-associated CF6 was significantly increased in a 3-hour static condition after the previous exposure of the cells to shear stress for 3 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular endothelial cells are a source of CF6, and shear stress regulates the release of the surface-associated CF6.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. osanait@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sirato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Magota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology*; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010086:Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010086:Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000628217:F(6) ATPase; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases