title: Three-dimensional cytomorphology in fine needle aspiration biopsy of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate three-dimensional (3-D) cytomorphology in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  ENAB was performed on tumors from five patients with MTC. The aspirate was stained and observed under a light microscope (LM). The aspirate was also fixed, dehydrated, critical point dried, spattered with gold ions and observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the specimen was fixed, dehydrated, embedded in an Epon mixture, cut with an ultramicrotome, mounted on copper grids, electron doubly stained with uranium acetate and lead citrate, and observed with TEM. Findings under SEM were correlated with those under LM and TEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under SEM, 3-D cytomorphology of MTC displayed a disorganized cellular arrangement with indistinct cell borders in three cases. The cell surface was uneven and had granular protrusions that corresponded to secretory granules observed under TEM. In one case with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIB, there were abundant granules on the cell surface. In one case of sporadic MTC with multinucleated tumor giant cells and small cells, granular protrusions also were noted on the cell surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granular protrusion was a characteristic finding in FNAB of MTC tinder SEM and might be helpful in the differential diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei. tcchang1@ms10.hinet.net
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery