title: Regulatory DNA required for vnd/NK-2 homeobox gene expression pattern in neuroblasts.
abstract: Vnd/NK-2 protein was detected in 11 neuroblasts per hemisegment in Drosophila embryos, 9 medial and 2 intermediate neuroblasts. Fragments of DNA from the 5'-flanking region of the vnd/NK-2 gene were inserted upstream of an enhancerless betagalactosidase gene in a P-element and used to generate transgenic fly lines. Antibodies directed against Vnd/NK-2 and beta-galactosidase proteins then were used in double-label experiments to correlate the expression of beta-galactosidase and Vnd/NK-2 proteins in identified neuroblasts. DNA region A, which corresponds to the -4.0 to -2.8-kb fragment of DNA from the 5'-flanking region of the vnd/NK-2 gene was shown to contain one or more strong enhancers required for expression of the vnd/NK-2 gene in ten neuroblasts. DNA region B (-5.3 to -4.0 kb) contains moderately strong enhancers for vnd/NK-2 gene expression in four neuroblasts. Hypothesized DNA region C, whose location was not identified, contains one or more enhancers that activate vnd/NK-2 gene expression only in one neuroblast. These results show that nucleotide sequences in at least three regions of DNA regulate the expression of the vnd/NK-2 gene, that the vnd/NK-2 gene can be activated in different ways in different neuroblasts, and that the pattern of vnd/NK-2 gene expression in neuroblasts of the ventral nerve cord is the sum of partial patterns.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4036, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nosworthy
authors.forename: Dong-Ping
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Odenwald
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nirenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C094797:vnd protein, Drosophila; D004247:DNA; D001616:beta-Galactosidase