title: Prevalence and cumulative incidence of and risk factors for anemia in a multicenter cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected women.
abstract: We conducted a longitudinal study of 797 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women (7732 visits) and 389 HIV-negative women (3651 visits) to characterize anemia. At enrollment, the prevalence of anemia was 28.1% among HIV-positive women and 15.1% among HIV-negative women (P<.0001), and during follow-up the cumulative incidence of anemia was 74% and 48%, respectively (P<.0001). Risk factors for anemia were African American race (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73-2.69), age (per 5-year increase; OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21), body mass index (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97), history of pneumonia (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.20-1.65), oral candidiasis (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.22-1.66), CD4+ lymphocyte count <200 cells/microL (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.46-1.94), history of fever (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.13-1.80), and zidovudine use (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.30). Anemia was common and associated with an increased risk of death (hazards ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.21-2.23) among HIV-positive women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Schools of Medicine and Hygiene and of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism