title: Nilutamide: possible utility as a second-line hormonal agent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the ability of nilutamide to induce prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responses in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer who had been exposed to prior antiandrogen therapy, because resistance to antiandrogens may be mediated by altered binding to a mutated or overexpressed androgen receptor and because an alternative antiandrogen may overcome such resistance. Nilutamide is a little used antiandrogen that has a chemical structure distinct from that of the other two antiandrogens, flutamide and bicalutamide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer were treated with nilutamide 150 mg/day (n = 12) or 300 mg/day (n = 2). Seven had been treated with one prior antiandrogen (all with bicalutamide), five with both bicalutamide and flutamide, and two had received bicalutamide and prior chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a retrospective analysis, 7 (50%) of the 14 patients had a greater than 50% decline in their PSA level, and 4 of the 6 patients with bone pain experienced subjective improvement. The median duration of the PSA response was 11 months (range 2 to 28+) with 2 of the 7 patients still experiencing a PSA response. In addition, 3 patients (20%) had brief and minor PSA responses (less than 50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A subset of patients, whose disease progresses with prior antiandrogen therapy, may experience a PSA response to nilutamide. The role of nilutamide in such hormone-resistant patients deserves additional prospective study.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048289:Imidazolidines; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D048289:Imidazolidines; C021277:nilutamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen