title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 gene polymorphisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Proteinase/antiproteinase imbalance is the most widely accepted theory for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mutations of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) that downregulate its activity may increase the activities of matrix metalloproteinases and result in the degradation of the lung matrix. Polymorphisms of the TIMP-2 gene were investigated in 88 COPD patients and 40 control subjects. The variations were examined by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis followed by sequencing. Two polymorphisms were identified, +853 GIA and -418 G/C nucleotide substitutions. There was a significant deviation in the genotypic frequencies at +853 and the allele frequencies for G were significantly higher in the COPD patient group than in the control group. For locus -418, the allele frequencies for C in the COPD patient group also tended to be higher than those in the control group. The +853 G/A nucleotide substitution was a silent variant. The -418 G/C substitution was located in the consensus sequence for the Sp1 binding site. These polymorphisms may be associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, decreasing the transcription and stability of the messenger ribonucleic acid, and available as genetic markers of susceptibility to the disease.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekizawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2