title: Study of crystallization of endogenous surfactant in Eudragit NE30D-free films and its influence on drug-release properties of controlled-release diphenhydramine HCl pellets coated with Eudragit NE30D.
abstract: This study investigates the crystallization of the endogenous surfactant nonoxynol 100 in Eudragit NE30D-free films during storage and the influences of nonoxynol 100 on the dissolution of diphenhydramine hydrochloric acid (HCl) pellets coated with Eudragit NE30D before and after aging at ambient conditions. Polarizing light microscopy showed that when Eudragit NE30D-free films were stored at ambient conditions, off-white, flower-shaped crystals formed and increased in the polymer film as storage time increased. Also, x-ray diffraction showed polymer crystals in the aged free film. Thermogravimetric analysis showed no evidence of combined volatile molecules with the polymer molecules, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data suggested the same chemical composition of the polymer before and after phase separation. Further, from normal light microscopy, the appearance of the melting droplets in the polymer film indicated that the polymer molecules did not form the crystals. After the extraction of nonoxynol 100 by water, the free film formed by the water-extracted Eudragit NE30D was found free of the crystals after aging at the same conditions. The combination of the thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, and microscopy showed that the origin of the crystals in dry Eudragit NE30D-free films came from nonoxynol 100, and not from the polymer molecules themselves. Monitoring by differential scanning calorimeter, it was found that the rates of crystallization of nonoxynol 100 were faster when the films were stored at 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C than when stored at ambient conditions and 45 degrees C. When stored at -5 degrees C, the crystallization rate was nearly zero. As the temperature got closer to melting temperature, the crystallization rate was very low because the system was in a thermodynamically disfavored state. The rate gradually increased and finally passed through a maximum as the crystallization temperature decreased. As the temperature kept decreasing, the crystallization rate became small again and eventually stopped because the system turned into a kinetically disfavored state. Because the phase transition of nonoxynol 100 in Eudragit NE30D occurred at ambient conditions, its influence on the dissolution of diphenhydramine HCl pellets coated with Eudragit NE30D was studied. Three different levels of nonoxynol 100 were used in Eudragit NE30D dispersions to make 3 different batches of Eudragit NE30D film-coated, controlled-release diphenhydramine HCl pellets. The results showed the dissolution rate increased as the level of nonoxynol 100 increased in the coating formula. Compared to the commonly used water-soluble additive human peripheral mononuclear cell, nonoxynol 100 was more effective in enhancing the dissolution of diphenhydramine HCl from pellets coated with Eudragit NE30D. Further study showed that the phase separation of the surfactant during aging tends to stabilize or slightly increase dissolution rates at higher surfactant levels.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA. ylin_2001@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Augsburger
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004356:Drug Storage; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013607:Tablets; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013607:Tablets; D017137:Nonoxynol; D004155:Diphenhydramine; C068685:Eudragit E 30D