title: Effect of different chlorhexidine formulations in mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% solution, still the golden standard as mouthrinse for the prevention of plaque formation and development of gingivitis, has some limited side-effects such as extrinsic tooth staining, poor taste, taste disturbance, sensitivity changes in tongue, pain, and the content of alcohol. These side effects led to the search of new formulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, randomised, cross-over study, 16 young dental students with a healthy periodontium, abolished all means of mechanical plaque control during 4 experimental periods of 11 days (separated from each other by a washout period of 3 weeks). During each experimental period, they rinsed 2x daily with one of the following mouthrinses in a randomised order: CHX 0.2% + alcohol (Corsodyl), CHX 0.12% + alcohol (Perio.Aid), CHX 0.12% + sodium fluoride 0.05% (Cariax Gingival) and CHX 0.12% + CPC 0.05% (Perio.Aid, new formulation). After 7 and 11 days of undisturbed plaque formation, clinical parameters were recorded, questionnaires completed and plaque samples (supragingivally and saliva) collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CHX 0.12% + alcohol and the CHX 0.12% + CPC 0.05% formulations were as efficient as the CHX 0.2% mouthrinse in retarding de novo plaque formation (proven by clinical observations as well as by anaerobic and aerobic culture data), and always superior (p<0.001) to the CHX 0.12% + sodium fluoride 0.05% solution. The subjective ratings were in favour of the new CHX formulation when compared with the other CHX formulations, especially for taste (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrated the potential of a new CHX 0.12% + CPC 0.05% non-alcoholic formulation as an effective anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory agent with reduced unpleasant subjective side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research group for Microbial adhesion, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Marc.Quirynen@med.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quirynen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Avontroodt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coucke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Steenberghe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D002710:Chlorhexidine