title: Comorbid non-alcohol substance misuse among people with schizophrenia: epidemiological study in central London.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few epidemiological studies have assessed the extent and nature of comorbid non-alcohol substance misuse in people with schizophrenia in the community in the UK.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the extent and nature of comorbid non-alcohol substance misuse in people with schizophrenia in central London.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were identified in an epidemiological census survey of South Westminster. Standardised assessment of each subject included demographic data, ratings of mental state and movement disorder and questioning about drug and alcohol misuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with schizophrenia or related psychoses were identified (n=352) and 57 (16%) reported a lifetime history of non-alcohol substance misuse. Age and gender were the main variables relevant to the extent and pattern of misuse. Self-reported non-alcohol substance misuse showed no significant relationship with a range of outcome measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high proportion of subjects reporting non-alcohol substance misuse is comparable with figures from the USA. The reports of lifetime misuse most commonly referred to cannabis, psychostimulants, LSD, opiates and anticholinergics. Misuse was concentrated in those younger than 36 years and was reported more often by males.
authors.affiliation: St Charles' Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantelis
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McPhillips
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health