title: Tunicamycin and Brefeldin A induce in plant cells a programmed cell death showing apoptotic features.
abstract: The recent identification of DAD (defender against apoptotic death) gene in plants suggests that the N-linked glycosylation of proteins could be an important control point of plant programmed cell death. In this paper we describe the effects of Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked protein glycosylation, and Brefeldin A, an inhibitor of protein trafficking from the Golgi apparatus, on sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) cell cultures. These two chemicals proved able to induce a strong acceleration of the cell death; changes in cell and nucleus morphology; an increase in DNA fragmentation, detectable by a specific immunological reaction; and the presence of oligonucleosomal-size fragments (laddering) in DNA gel electrophoresis. Moreover, Brefeldin A, but not Tunicamycin, strongly stimulated the production of hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that also in plants chemicals interfering with the activities of endoplasmic reticulum and of Golgi apparatus strongly induce a form of programmed cell death showing apoptotic features.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Celoria, 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crosti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malerba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014415:Tunicamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016877:Oxidants; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014415:Tunicamycin; D020126:Brefeldin A; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide