title: Assessment of the association between blood pressure control and health care resource use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have reported increased health care resource use among hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BP control and health care resource use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the Caring for Hypertension on Initiation: Costs and Effectiveness (CHOICE) study, a multicenter feasibility study of actual physician and patient behavior and clinical outcomes in a naturalistic setting. Adult patients with newly diagnosed hypertension were randomized to either Group 1 (treatment with diuretics or beta-blockers) or Group 2 (treatment with calcium channel blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and followed for 5 +/- 1 months. Physicians practiced standard care while documenting medications, BP measurements, and health care resource use for their patients. A subsequent analysis evaluating the relationship between BP and physician visits was performed for the whole population and for a subpopulation of patients with at least 4 months of follow-up data. Cox regression was used to model time to next visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 512 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension were followed: 399 had follow-up data for at least 4 months. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and a log-rank test showed that the time to next visit for patients with uncontrolled BP was significantly shorter than for patients whose BP was controlled (P < 0.05). On average, patients with uncontrolled BP (> or = 140/90 mm Hg) had follow-up office visits approximately 13 days earlier than patients with controlled BP (< 140/90 mm Hg). This association remained significant after adjustment for repeated measures, and after exclusion of the first return visit. Cox regression analysis showed that higher systolic and diastolic BP measurements were significantly associated with a shorter time to next visit, after adjustment for age and sex. Total estimated costs during the study period were $170 per patient for medications and $283 per patient for office visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the CHOICE study, higher BP was associated with a shorter time to next visit. Office visits were the main cost driver in the short-term management of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA. lapuertp@bms.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lapuerta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smitten
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caro
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004232:Diuretics / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics