title: Human glomerulonephritis accompanied by active cellular infiltrates shows effector T cells in urine.
abstract: Leukocyturia is associated with postinfectious glomerulonephritis (GN), interstitial nephritis, and renal allograft rejection. In addition, prominent infiltration of T cells and macrophages is commonly observed in the renal tissues of patients with GN, accompanied by cellular crescent formation and/or interstitial cell infiltration. Because these infiltrating T cells were thought to participate in the development of the diseases and to appear in the urinary space while functioning as effector cells in the renal inflammatory lesion, the study focused on the characterization of T cells that appeared in urine. Freshly voided urine cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine their phenotype and by reverse transcriptase-PCR to detect cytokine mRNA. In urine from patients with different forms of GN, including IgA nephropathy, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated GN, T cells appeared together with macrophages. The urine T cells were mainly CD45RA(-), CD45RO(+), and CD62L (L-selectin)(-), which are the phenotypic features of effector T cells. In agreement with this finding, T cells infiltrating glomeruli, crescents, and tubulointerstitial lesions were also effector type. Moreover, these urine cells expressed mRNA of the T helper lymphocyte 1 cytokines, interleukin-2, and/or interferon-gamma. These findings suggest that the appearance of effector T cells in urine may reflect the cellular immune reaction that occurs in the kidneys of patients with GN accompanied by active cell infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakatsume
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gejyo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger