title: Synthesis and secretion of transforming growth factor-beta1 by human desmoid fibroblast cell line and its modulation by toremifene.
abstract: The present study provides evidence that the in vitro cultured fibroblast cell line from desmoid tumors differs from normal fibrobasts in its extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecule composition and is modulated by treatment with toremifene, an antiestrogen that reduces tumor mass by an unknown mechanism. The results showed increased transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) production, TGF-beta1 mRNA expression, and TGF-beta1 receptor number in desmoid fibroblasts compared with normal cells. As desmoid fibroblasts did not produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) but were sensitive to it, which enhanced glycosaminoglycans (GAG) accumulation, we assessed the TGF-beta1 effects on TNF-alpha production by human monocytes. Our results showed TGF-beta1 significantly increased TNF-alpha secretion by monocytes. Toremifene mediated its effects in desmoid fibroblasts via an estrogen receptor-independent pathway. It inhibited GAG accumulation and the secretion of both latent and active forms of TGF-beta1 and had an inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha production by monocytes. Our results suggest that in reducing TGF-beta1 production by desmoid fibroblasts and TNF-alpha production by monocytes, toremifene may restore the balance between the two growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Italy. locci@unipg.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Locci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellocchio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lilli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marinucci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cagini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giustozzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becchetti
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018222:Desmoid Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D017312:Toremifene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017312:Toremifene