Interleukin-1beta stimulates galectin-9 expression in human astrocytes.
Galectin-9 is an eosinophil chemoattractant produced by activated T lymphocytes. We have addressed expression of galectin-9 in normal human astrocytes in culture. Expression of galectin-9 mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was found to enhance the galectin-9 expression in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Galectin-9 protein was detected in the membrane fraction, 105 000 x g precipitate, and immunofluorescent staining revealed diffuse cellular and perinuclear distributions. Dexamethasone pretreatment almost completely suppressed the production. We conclude that astrocytes produce galectin-9 in response to the stimulation with IL-1beta, and this may contribute to inflammatory reactions in the CNS.
Yoshida
H
H
Departments of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
Imaizumi
T
T
Kumagai
M
M
Kimura
K
K
Satoh
C
C
Hanada
N
N
Fujimoto
K
K
Nishi
N
N
Tanji
K
K
Matsumiya
T
T
Mori
F
F
Cui
X F
XF
Tamo
W
W
Shibata
T
T
Takanashi
S
S
Okumura
K
K
Nakamura
T
T
Wakabayashi
K
K
Hirashima
M
M
Sato
Y
Y
Satoh
K
K
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D037161:Galectins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D037161:Galectins; D007375:Interleukin-1; C105032:LGALS9 protein, human; D037102:Lectins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003907:Dexamethasone