title: 3D steady-state MR cisternography in CSF rhinorrhoea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility of 3D steady-state MR cisternography in the demonstration and localisation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in patients with clinically suspected CSF rhinorrhoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six consecutive patients with clinically suspected CSF rhinorrhoea were examined with routine MR evaluation and MR cisternography (MRC). All MR examinations included fast spin-echo (SE) T1WI in axial and sagittal planes, fast SE T2WI in axial and coronal planes and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in the axial plane. 3D evaluation was done using the CISS technique with 0.7-mm thickness in the sagittal and coronal planes. The site and extent of the defect, and any brain herniation detected on MRC were correlated with surgical findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 6 patients who underwent surgical exploration and repair, intraoperative findings correlated with the defect revealed by MRC in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinically suspected CSF rhinorrhoea, MRC is highly accurate in localising the site and extent of CSF fistula and may be used as the first investigation due to its efficacy and non-invasive nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kovoor
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Srikanth
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Praharaj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008588:Meningocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009192:Myelography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results