title: Superficial adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experience with treatment and outcome of superficial adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical management and identify predictors of survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1985 and December 1999, 122 patients underwent resection. Eighty-nine percent were men (mean age 63 +/- 10 years; range 35-83 years). Sixty (49%) patients were in endoscopic surveillance programs and 48 (39%) had the preoperative diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was less than 2 L in 12 (12%). Seventy-five (61%) patients underwent transhiatal esophagectomy. Pathologic stage was N1 in 8 (7%). Pulmonary complications necessitating reintubation (respiratory failure) occurred in 10 (8%) patients. Time-related survival models were developed for decision-making (preoperative), prognosis (operative), and hospital care (postoperative).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality was 2.5%. Survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 89%, 77%, and 68%. Preoperative decision-making factors associated with ideal outcome were 1-second forced expiratory volume of more than 2 L, surveillance, preoperative diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia, and planned transhiatal esophagectomy. Prognosis was decreased in younger patients and in those with N1 disease. Postoperative respiratory failure increased mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery is the treatment of choice for superficial adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The ideal patient has a preoperative diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia found at surveillance, good pulmonary function, and undergoes a transhiatal esophagectomy. Discovery of N1 disease or development of postoperative respiratory failure reduces the benefits of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Center for Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. ricet@ccf.org
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goldblum
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: DeCamp
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ormsby
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rybicki
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Adelstein
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome