title: Interferon-beta induction by Chlamydia pneumoniae in human smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Clinical studies have suggested a causal or contributory role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in asthma and atherosclerosis. The activation of synthetic functions of smooth muscle cells (SMC) including the production of cytokines and growth factors plays a major role in the formation of fibrous atherosclerotic plaques as well as in structural remodelling of the airway wall in chronic asthma. In this study we demonstrated that C. pneumoniae induced the production of low levels of interferon (IFN)-beta in bronchial and vascular SMC when infected cells were treated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). IFN-beta production was analysed by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The upregulation of IFN-beta was paralleled by an increase in mRNA levels of interferon regulatory factor-1 and interferon-stimulated gene factor 3gamma, two transcription factors activating the expression of the IFN-beta gene. In addition, C. pneumoniae infection enhanced the mRNA level of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an IFN-inducible factor mediating the restriction of intracellular chlamydial growth, in TNF-alpha-stimulated SMC. C. pneumoniae-induced IFN-beta production by SMC may modulate inflammation and tissue remodelling during respiratory and vascular infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany. juergen.roedel@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rödel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Assefa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prochnau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woytas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Straube
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050832:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3; D050834:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; C494227:IRF9 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D050832:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3; D050834:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016899:Interferon-beta