title: Web sites selling cigarettes: how many are there in the USA and what are their sales practices?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the number and geographic location of web sites selling cigarettes in the USA, and to examine their sales and marketing practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive searches were conducted using four keyword terms and five popular internet search engines, supplemented by sites identified in a news article. Over 1800 sites were examined to identify 88 internet cigarette vendors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trained raters examined the content of each site using a standardised coding instrument to assess geographic location, presence of warnings, products sold, and promotional strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  USA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internet cigarette vendors were located in 23 states. Nearly half (n = 43) were located in New York state, and many were in tobacco producing states with low cigarette excise taxes. Indian reservations housed 49 of the 88 sites. Only 28.4% of sites featured the US Surgeon General's health warnings and 81.8% featured minimum age of sale warnings. Nearly all sites (96.6%) sold premium or value brand cigarettes, 21.6% sold duty-free Marlboros, and 8.0% sold bidis. Approximately one third featured special promotional programmes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Internet cigarette vendors present new regulatory and enforcement challenges for tobacco control advocates because of the difficulty in regulating internet content and because many vendors are on Indian reservations.
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hioll, North Carolina 27599, USA. kurt_ribisl@unc.edu
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ribisl
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D003132:Commerce; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011640:Public Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology