title: GABA influences the development of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
abstract: The region that becomes the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is surrounded by cells and fibers containing immunoreactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by embryonic day 13 (E13), several days before the nucleus emerges in Nissl stains. As GABA plays many roles during neural development, we hypothesized that it influences VMH development, perhaps by providing boundary information for migrating neurons. To test this hypothesis we examined the VMH in embryonic mice in which the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A)-receptor, a receptor subunit that is normally highly expressed in this nucleus, was disrupted by gene targeting. In beta3 -/- embryos the VMH was significantly larger, and the distribution of cells containing immunoreactive estrogen receptor-alpha was expanded compared to controls. Using in vitro brain slices from wild-type C57BL/6J mice killed at E15 we found that treatment with the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline increased the number of cells migrating per video field analyzed in the VMH. In addition, treatment with either bicuculline or the GABA(A) agonist muscimol altered the orientation of cell migration in particular regions of this nucleus. These data suggest that GABA is important for the organization of cells during VMH formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Shriver Center at UMMS, Waltham, Massachusetts 02452, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Dellovade
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sieghart
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Homanics
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tobet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D011247:Pregnancy; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics; D014697:Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018755:GABA Agonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid