title: [Definition of shock types].
abstract: Definitions of shock types. Hypovolaemic shock is a state of insufficient perfusion of vital organs with consecutive imbalance of oxygen supply and demand due to an intravascular volume deficiency with critically impaired cardiac preload. Subtypes are haemorrhagic shock, hypovolaemic shock in the narrow sense, traumatic-haemorrhagic shock and traumatic-hypovolaemic shock. Cardiac shock is caused by a primary critical cardiac pump failure with consecutive inadequate oxygen supply of the organism. Anaphylactic shock is an acute failure of blood volume distribution (distributive shock) and caused by IgE-dependent, type-I-allergic, classical hypersensibility, or a physically, chemically, or osmotically induced IgE-independent anaphylactoid hypersensibility. The septic shock is a sepsis-induced distribution failure of the circulating blood volume in the sense of a distributive shock. The neurogenic shock is a distributive shock induced by generalized and extensive vasodilatation with consecutive hypovolaemia due to an imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of vascular smooth muscles.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Anästhesiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. adams.ha@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gänsslen
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knoefel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller-Werdan
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Prange
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roesner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Standl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teske
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zander
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases; D012769:Shock; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic; D012772:Shock, Septic; D009626:Terminology as Topic