title: Elevated visual motion detection thresholds in adults with acquired ophthalmoplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that in patients with acquired chronic bilateral ophthalmoplegia, abnormal retinal image slippage during head movements would result in abnormal thresholds for visual perception of motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients (two males and three females) with ophthalmoplegia were included in the study. The average age was 44 years (range 30-69 years). The aetiology of ophthalmoplegia was myasthenia gravis (MG; n=2), chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO; n=2), and chronic idiopathic orbital inflammation. Visual motion detection thresholds were assessed using horizontal and vertical gratings (spatial frequency) set at thresholds for visibility. The grating was then accelerated at 0.09 deg/s(2). The subject's task was to detect the drift direction of the stimulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual motion detection thresholds were raised to a mean of 0.434 deg/s (SD 0.09) (mean normal value 0.287 deg/s (SD 0.08)) for horizontal motion; and to a mean of 0.425 deg/s (SD 0.1) (mean normal value 0.252 deg/s (SD 0.08)) for vertical motion. The difference in values for both horizontal and vertical motion detection were statistically significant when compared with age matched controls; p <0.023 for horizontal motion and p<0.07 for vertical motion (two tailed t test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormally raised visual motion thresholds were found in patients with ophthalmoplegia. This may represent a centrally mediated adaptive mechanism to ignore excessive retinal slip and thus avoid oscillopsia during head movements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. jacheson@uclh.org
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Acheson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Grunfeld
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shallo-Hoffman
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bronstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000523:psychology*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds