title: Elevated expression of axin2 and hnkd mRNA provides evidence that Wnt/beta -catenin signaling is activated in human colon tumors.
abstract: Genetic studies have identified mutations in key regulators of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in a variety of cancers, most frequently in colon cancers. However, whether the pathway is activated in clinical cancer samples is not easily determined, and therefore it is useful to find markers that could be surrogates to show activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Gene expression profiles were analyzed in SW620, a colon cancer cell line in which beta-catenin levels are stabilized as a consequence of truncated adenomatous polyposis coli and were compared with profiles of the same cells transfected with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Treatment of cells with beta-catenin antisense oligodeoxynucleotides resulted in a decrease in the levels of axin2 and human naked cuticle (hnkd) mRNAs. Interestingly, the proteins encoded by both of these mRNAs are known inhibitors of the beta-catenin pathway. In 30 human cell lines derived from different origins, axin2 and hnkd were expressed only in human colon cancer cell lines that are known to have activating mutations in the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Further, levels of both axin2 and hnkd mRNA were also found to be elevated in about 65% of laser microdissected cells from human colon tumors compared with laser microdissected cells of normal morphology from the same patient samples. The increased expression of axin2 and hnkd correlated with truncations in adenomatous polyposis coli in the same patient samples. These results reveal that it is possible to detect activation of a carcinogenic pathway in human cancer samples with specific markers.
authors.affiliation: Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton Street, Q-407B, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Caothien
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Randazzo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escobedo
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fantl
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D060466:Axin Protein; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D060466:Axin Protein; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin