title: Evaluation of the bony pelvis in classic bladder exstrophy by using 3D-CT: further insights.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a complete look at the bony pelvis in children with classic bladder exstrophy: dimensions, orientation, and relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional computed tomography was used in 6 boys and 1 girl, 5 of whom underwent primary closure and 2 who underwent reclosure at 4 and 8 months. These exstrophy pelves (intrapelvic angles and osseous dimensions) were compared with 26 age and sex-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The iliac wing angle was 11.4 degrees larger in the classic bladder exstrophy cases. The sacroiliac joint angle was 9.9 degrees more externally rotated in the exstrophy cases. The pelvis was rotated 14.7 degrees in the superoinferior plane in the exstrophy cases. The mean pubic diastasis was 4.2 cm (0.6 cm in controls). The inter-triradiate distance in the patients with classic bladder exstrophy averaged 6.0 cm (4.2 cm in controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These new findings provide a better understanding of the bony pelvis, especially its posterior portion, in patients with classic bladder exstrophy. The results of this study revealed the orientation of the sacroiliac joints to be more externally oriented than previously thought and the pelvis to be rotated inferiorly, a previously unknown observation. Both of these factors will be important in the planning of newer osteotomies and pelvic reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Stec
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Pannu
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Tadros
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sponseller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakim
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003050:Coccyx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012399:Rotation; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012447:Sacrum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*