title: Characterization of neutralization sites on the circulating variant of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV): a new site is shared by SVDV and the related coxsackie B5 virus.
abstract: Using a panel of new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), five neutralizing, conformation-dependent sites have been identified on the antigenic variant of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) circulating currently. In studies on the antigenic conservation of these sites, the four antigenic/genetic groups of SVDV described showed distinguishable patterns, confirming this classification. By sequencing mAb-resistant mutants, the five sites have been mapped precisely and localized on a three-dimensional model of the SVDV capsid. All were found to be orientated, to a different extent, towards the external surface of the capsid. Three of the five sites, located in VP1, VP2 and VP3, correspond to epitopes identified previously in historic isolates as sites 1, 2a and 3b, respectively. Another site, site IV, which maps to position 258 of VP1, corresponds to an epitope reported recently and is described in this study to be specific for isolates of the most recent antigenic group of SVDV. A fifth site is described for the first time and corresponds to the unique neutralizing site that is common to both SVDV and coxsackie B5 virus; it maps to positions 95 and 98 of VP1, but may also include positions nearby that belong to site 1 on the BC-loop of VP1, suggesting the classification of site Ia. These results may have useful diagnostic and epidemiological applications, since mAbs to the new conserved site Ia provide universal reagents for SVDV detection systems, while the specificity of mAbs to site IV make them unique markers for the most recent strains of SVDV.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini', Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy1.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borrego
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini', Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy1.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carra
authors.affiliation: Protein Design Group, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain2.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Ranea
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini', Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy1.
authors.forename: Emiliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brocchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013552:Swine; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; C446935:VP1 protein, Swine vesicular disease virus; C446936:VP2 protein, Swine vesicular disease virus; C446937:VP3 protein, Swine vesicular disease virus; D014764:Viral Proteins