title: Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans.
abstract: Ghrelin is a recently identified endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. It is synthesized predominantly in the stomach and found in the circulation of healthy humans. Ghrelin has been shown to promote increased food intake, weight gain and adiposity in rodents. The effect of ghrelin on appetite and food intake in man has not been determined. We investigated the effects of intravenous ghrelin (5.0 pmol/kg/min) or saline infusion on appetite and food intake in a randomised double-blind cross-over study in nine healthy volunteers. There was a clear-cut increase in energy consumed by every individual from a free-choice buffet (mean increase 28 +/- 3.9%, p<0.001) during ghrelin compared with saline infusion. Visual analogue scores for appetite were greater during ghrelin compared to saline infusion. Ghrelin had no effect on gastric emptying as assessed by the paracetamol absorption test. Ghrelin is the first circulating hormone demonstrated to stimulate food intake in man. Endogenous ghrelin is a potentially important new regulator of the complex systems controlling food intake and body weight.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wren
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Brynes
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Dhillo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D054439:Ghrelin; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D010455:Peptides