title: Human alveolar epithelial cells engulf apoptotic eosinophils by means of integrin- and phosphatidylserine receptor-dependent mechanisms: a process upregulated by dexamethasone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously demonstrated receptor-mediated apoptotic-eosinophil engulfment by human small airway epithelial cells, which may represent a potentially important mechanism in the resolution of allergic and asthmatic inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A549 cells were selected as being representative of alveolar epithelial cells, and their ability to ingest human apoptotic eosinophils was examined in terms of the effects of dexamethasone treatment and the receptor-mediated recognition mechanisms important in this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A549 epithelial-cell expression of alpha(v)beta3, alpha(v)beta5, CD36, and the phosphatidylserine receptor was established by using immunostaining and flow cytometry, and inhibition assays were examined by using the role of these receptors in apoptotic-eosinophil recognition by resting and dexamethasone-treated A549 epithelial cells. Electron microscopy confirmed engulfment of apoptotic eosinophils, and receptor clustering around apoptotic eosinophils was examined by using immunofluorescent labeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A549 epithelial cells recognized and engulfed apoptotic eosinophils but not freshly isolated cells. Dexamethasone enhanced the number of A549 cells ingesting apoptotic eosinophils and dose dependently increased their capacity for ingestion. The tetrapeptide RGDS significantly inhibited apoptotic-eosinophil uptake by A549 cells, indicating a role for integrins in the recognition process. A549 cells expressed alpha(v)beta3, alpha(v)beta5, beta5, CD36, and the phosphatidylserine receptor, and expression of these receptors was not significantly increased after dexamethasone treatment. Engulfment of apoptotic eosinophils by A549 cells involved alpha(v)beta3-, CD36-, alpha(v)beta5-, and phosphatidylserine receptor-mediated recognition mechanisms and was associated with the formation of integrin focal adhesion complexes around apoptotic eosinophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data further suggest a nonpassive role for airway epithelium in the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Blaylock
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology*; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D016023:Integrins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C408123:phosphatidylserine receptor; D003907:Dexamethasone; C498707:JMJD6 protein, human; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases