title: Oral imipramine and intravenous xylazine for pharmacologically-induced ex copula ejaculation in stallions.
abstract: This study is part of ongoing work toward developing pharmacological methods for enhancing and inducing ejaculation in stallions with ejaculatory dysfunction or disabilities that interfere with normal breeding behavior. The objective was to evaluate a treatment regimen involving oral imipramine followed by intravenous xylazine that, in uncontrolled field clinical trials, had shown promise for a higher rate of ejaculation and fewer side effects using a more easily obtained and administered form of imipramine. Eight stallions each underwent eight trials in which treatment consisted of imipramine hydrochloride (3mg/kg, orally in a small portion sweet feed) followed 2h later by xylazine hydrochloride (0.66 mg/kg, intravenously). Trials were conducted with the stallion in a stall. Semen was collected using a collection bag secured over the prepuce with a girth band. Overall, 44 of the 64 attempts (68%) resulted in ejaculation. Within-stallion ejaculation rate ranged from 3 of 8 to 7 of 8 attempts. Interval from xylazine treatment to ejaculation ranged from 1.2 to 14 min. As is typical for induced ejaculations in which imipramine is included in the treatment regimen, ejaculates were of low volume, high sperm concentration, and with a higher total number of sperm than for in copula ejaculates of these stallions. These results represent a modest improvement in rate of ejaculation over previous treatment regimens.
authors.affiliation: Equine Behavior Laboratory, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, PA 19348, USA. suemcd@vet.upenn.edu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McDonnell
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D014991:Xylazine; D007099:Imipramine