title: Donor-derived small cell lung carcinoma in a kidney transplant recipient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplantation of donor-derived malignancies during organ transplantation fortunately is very rare. Discontinuation of immunosuppressive medications under these circumstances has previously resulted in complete tumor rejection. Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production may result in Cushing syndrome and is not an uncommon paraneoplastic feature of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Theoretically, in the organ transplantation setting, the resulting high cortisol levels could suppress a tumor-rejection immune response. However, to the authors' knowledge, no such clinical scenario has been described in the literature published to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 25-year-old living related kidney transplant recipient presented with Cushing syndrome 32 months after transplantation. The donor had been diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the lung 22 months earlier. On further evaluation, the kidney recipient was diagnosed with donor-derived small cell lung carcinoma of the transplanted kidney. She was found to have extensive disease involving the liver and retroperitoneum. Despite discontinuation of immunosuppressive medications, the disease progressed and cortisol levels remained elevated during 6 weeks of observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient received six cycles of cisplatin and etoposide, which resulted in resolution of her hypercortisolemia and a complete remission of her donor-derived small cell carcinoma. At last follow-up, she was 12 months from completing her therapy and continued in complete remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Donor-derived small cell carcinoma and ectopic ACTH production can occur in a patient after kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodvarsson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burlingham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pintar
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Sollinger
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Albertini
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D005047:Etoposide; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D002945:Cisplatin; D006854:Hydrocortisone