title: F+0 renography in neonates and infants younger than 6 months: an accurate method to diagnose severe obstructive uropathy.
abstract: We studied the response to F+0 renography and the relative and absolute individual kidney function in neonates and < 6-mo-old infants before and after surgery for unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UJO).
  
  
  METHODS
  The results obtained at diagnosis and after pyeloplasty for 9 children (8 boys, 1 girl; age range, 0.8-5.9 mo; mean age +/- SD, 2.4 +/- 1.5 mo) with proven unilateral UJO (i.e., affected kidney [AK]) and an unremarkable contralateral kidney (i.e., normal kidney [NK]) were evaluated and compared with a control group of 10 children (6 boys, 4 girls; age range, 0.8-2.8 mo; mean age, 1.5 +/- 0.7 mo) selected because of symmetric renal function, absence of vesicoureteral reflux or infection, and an initially dilated but not obstructed renal pelvis as proven by follow-up. Renography was performed for 20 min after injection of (123)I-hippuran (OIH) (0.5-1.0 MBq/kg) immediately followed by furosemide (1 mg/kg). The relative and absolute renal functions and the response to furosemide were measured on background-subtracted and depth-corrected renograms. The response to furosemide was quantified by an elimination index (EI), defined as the ratio of the 3- to 20-min activities: An EI > or = 3 was considered definitively normal and an EI < or = 1 definitively abnormal. If EI was equivocal (1 < EI < 3), the response to gravity-assisted drainage was used to differentiate AKs from NKs. Absolute separate renal function was measured by an accumulation index (AI), defined as the percentage of (123)I-OIH (%ID) extracted by the kidney 30-90 s after maximal cardiac activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All AKs had definitively abnormal EIs at diagnosis (mean, 0.56 +/- 0.12) and were significantly lower than the EIs of the NKs (mean, 3.24 +/- 1.88) and of the 20 control kidneys (mean, 3.81 +/- 1.97; P < 0.001). The EIs of the AKs significantly improved (mean, 2.81 +/- 0.64; P < 0.05) after pyeloplasty. At diagnosis, the AIs of the AKs were significantly lower (mean, 6.31 +/- 2.33 %ID) than the AIs of the NKs (mean, 9.43 +/- 1.12 %ID) and of the control kidneys (mean, 9.05 +/- 1.17 %ID; P < 0.05). The AIs of the AKs increased at follow-up (mean, 7.81 +/- 2.23 %ID) but remained lower than those of the NKs (mean, 10.75 +/- 1.35 %ID; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In neonates and infants younger than 6 mo, (123)I-OIH renography with early furosemide injection (F+0) allowed us to reliably diagnose AKs and to determine if parenchymal function was normal or impaired and if it improved after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Paediatric Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boubaker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antonescu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyrat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Delaloye
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004232:Diuretics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005665:Furosemide; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007465:Iodohippuric Acid; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007465:Iodohippuric Acid; D005665:Furosemide