title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous bumetanide in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats: importance of globulin binding for the pharmacodynamic effects.
abstract: The importance of plasma protein binding of intravenous furosemide in circulating blood for its urinary excretion and hence its diuretic effects in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats was reported. Based on the furosemide report, the diuretic effects of another loop diuretic, bumetanide, could be expected in analbuminemic rats if plasma protein binding of bumetanide is considerable in the rats. This was proved by this study. After intravenous administration of bumetanide, 10 mg/kg, to analbuminemic rats, the plasma protein binding of bumetanide was 36.8% in the rats mainly due to considerable binding to alpha- and beta-globulins (this value, 36.8%, was considerably greater than only 12% for furosemide), and hence the percentages of intravenous dose of bumetanide excreted in 6 h urine as unchanged drug was 16.0% in the rat (this value was considerably greater than only 7% for furosemide). After intravenous administration of bumetanide to analbuminemic rats, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (1012 compared with 2472 microg min/mL) was significantly smaller [due to significantly faster both renal clearance (1.49 compared with 0.275 ml/min/kg) and nonrenal clearance (8.30 compared with 3.71 ml/min/kg)], terminal half-life (9.94 compared with 22.4 min) and mean residence time (4.25 compared with 5.90 min) were significantly shorter (due to faster total body clearance, 9.88 compared with 4.05 ml/min/kg), and amount of 6 h urinary excretion of unchanged bumetanide (559 compared with 261 microg, due to increase in intrinsic renal excretion) was significantly greater than that in control rats. The 6 h urine output and 6 h urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and potassium were comparable between two groups of rats although the 6 h urinary excretion of bumetanide was significantly greater in analbuminemic rats. This could be explained by the following. The amount of urinary excretion of bumetanide was significantly greater in analbuminemic rats than that in control rats only between 0 and 30 min urine collection. In both groups of rats, the urinary excretion rates of bumetanide during 0-30 min reached a upper plateau with respect to urine flow rate as well urinary excretion rates of sodium, potassium and chloride, therefore, the diuretic effects (6 h urine output and 6 h urinary excretions of sodium, potassium and chloride) were not significantly different between two groups of rats.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D005665:Furosemide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005916:Globulins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D004232:Diuretics; D004573:Electrolytes; D005916:Globulins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002034:Bumetanide; D005665:Furosemide; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase