title: Epididymitis in childhood: a clinical retrospective study over 5 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute scrotal pain in children presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Epididymitis has been considered uncommon in childhood. The clinical spectrum and therapeutic policy of the acute scrotum in children is continually being reassessed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there has been an increase in the incidence of epididymitis in children and to advocate a more selective surgical approach to the acute scrotum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of 65 children admitted to our department of pediatric surgery with the diagnosis of acute scrotum during a 5 year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 65 children admitted with the diagnosis of acute scrotum, epididymitis was diagnosed in 42 (64.6%). The remaining cases included torsion of the testis in 12 patients (18.5%), torsion of the appendix testis in 5 (7.7%), scrotal pain and minimal physical findings in 4 (6.1%), and scrotal hematoma and idiopathic scrotal edema in one patient each. Doppler ultrasound of the groin, color Doppler ultrasound of the testis and testicular nuclide scintigraphy (Tc-99m scan) examinations were performed on 49, 30 and 57 occasions, respectively; the Tc-99m scan was the most effective tool. All the patients with epididymitis were diagnosed before surgical intervention and were treated conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed an increasing frequency of epididymitis in children admitted with the diagnosis of acute scrotum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin [affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University], Israel. klin2@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zlotkevich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Efrati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serour
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lotan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012611:Scrotum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography