title: Endotoxin induces desensitization of cardiac endothelin-1 receptor signaling by increased expression of RGS4 and RGS16.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endotoxin (LPS)-induced acute cardiac failure during sepsis is associated with alterations in G protein mediated signal transduction. We therefore examined the expression of the G proteins G(i), G(q), and G(s) and of four 'regulators of G protein signaling' (RGS) proteins, RGS1, RGS4, RGS5, and RGS16 in rat hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  For in vivo experiments, Wistar rats were treated with 600 microg/day E. coli LPS, intravenously) and hearts were excised after 6, 24 and 72 h. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with 4 microg/ml LPS for 24 and 72 h. Isolated membrane proteins were used for Western blot analysis and for evaluation of phospholipase C (PLC) activity. RGS16 mRNA was detected by RNAse protection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS induced G(i) protein 1.4-fold 72 h after in vivo administration of LPS, whereas expression of G(s) and G(q) was unaltered. After 6 h of LPS treatment, RGS16 mRNA was transiently up-regulated 3.7-fold, followed by transient protein induction (24 h: 2.5-fold; 72 h: 1.5-fold). Similarly, RGS4 protein was transiently induced (24 h: 3.1-fold; 72 h: 1.5-fold), whereas expression of RGS1 and RGS5 was not altered. Similar to the LPS-treated rat hearts, RGS16 expression was transiently induced by LPS in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (24 h: 1.6-fold, 72 h: 0.9-fold). To determine the functional consequences of the RGS protein induction phospholipase C (PLC) activity was analyzed in membranes obtained from solvent and LPS-treated hearts. Basal and endothelin-1-stimulated PLC activity was transiently repressed by LPS with a maximum after 24 h although no apparent changes in PLCbeta1 or endothelin receptor expression could be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the rapid up-regulation of cardiac RGS4 and RGS16 is associated with a desensitization of endothelin-1 receptor signaling. Up-regulation of these RGS proteins may thus be involved in the early onset of cardiac failure during sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Universitäts-Krankenhaus Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, FRG. patten@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bünemann
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thoenes
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stübe
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mittmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wieland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011506:Proteins; D020710:RGS Proteins; C107413:RGS16 protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C098799:RGS4 protein; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins