title: Degradation of isoxaben in soils and an aqueous system.
abstract: The degradation of isoxaben [N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide] was studied in soil and in an aqueous system. Soil studies were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks (treated with 1 microg/g isoxaben) and mineralization studies in Biometer flasks (treated with 1 microg/g unlabeled and 14C-isoxaben) incubated at 23 C. Degradation in the aqueous system was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks under aerobic and anaerobic conditions incubated at 23 degrees C. Incubation mixtures were extracted at selected times and analyzed for isoxaben and degradation products by HPLC with product identification confirmed by GC-MS. After 8 weeks, 78% and 23% of the total isoxaben disappeared in nonsterile and sterile soils, respectively. After 12 weeks, approximately 1% of the labeled isoxaben was recovered as CO2 in the Biometer flask experiments; no volatile products were detected, and 5% and 33% of the total radioactivity was recovered from the nonsterile and sterile soils, respectively. In the aquatic system after 8 weeks, isoxaben had decreased from 1microg/g to 0.1 and 0.004 microg/g under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Degradation products detected from the soil studies were 3-nitrophthalic acid and 4-methoxyphenol, and 3-nitrophthalic acid in the aqueous system studies. Microbial activity was considered to be a major factor in the degradation of isoxaben in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Physiology, Clemson University, SC 29634-0377, USA. dcamper@clemson.edu
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Camper
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C057467:isoxaben