title: Functional analysis of salt-inducible proline transporter of barley roots.
abstract: We cloned a cDNA encoding Hordeum vulgare Proline Transporter (HvProT) from salt-stressed barley roots by differential display. HvProT was 2,161 bp long and had an open reading frame encoding 450 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of HvProT was similar to those of proline transporter proteins of rice (65.7%), Arabidopsis (57.7%) and tomato (42.0%). Northern blot analysis showed that the transcript level of HvProT was induced in roots at 30 min after 200 mM NaCl treatment and its peak was observed at 3 h. However, the transcript level was very low in leaves and did not increase by salt stress. The expression level of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), encoding a key enzyme of proline synthesis, was induced later than HvProT by salt stress. A transport assay using a yeast with mutation in proline uptake revealed that HvProT was a transporter with high affinity for L-proline (K(m) = 25 microM). HvProT was found to be a unique transporter with high affinity for L-proline. Since its transport activity was dependent on the pH gradient, HvProT was suggested to be a H(+)/amino acid symporter. In situ hybridization analysis showed that the HvProT mRNA was strongly expressed in root cap cells under salt stress. HvProT might play an important role in the transport of proline to root tip region urgently upon salt stress.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanmiya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takabe
mesh_terms: D050842:1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018518:Plant Root Cap / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D027981:Symporters
chemical_list: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D010940:Plant Proteins; D027981:Symporters; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C033082:proline transporter; D011392:Proline; D050842:1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors