title: Long-term results after microvascular decompression in essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1998, 8 patients with severe, intractable arterial hypertension and MR tomography-demonstrated neurovascular contact of a looping artery at the root entry zone of cranial nerves IX and X, causing neurovascular compression, underwent neurosurgical decompression. The short-term results showed a normalization of blood pressure with a markedly reduced antihypertensive drug regimen in 7 patients. To determine the longer-term outcome concerning blood pressure and secondary organ damage after neurovascular decompression, we studied these 8 operated patients prospectively for a mean follow-up of 3.5 years after surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hypertensive patients who had undergone microsurgical decompression were monitored every 6 months after surgery to assess blood pressure (by 24-hour ambulatory pressure readings) and the need for antihypertensive medication. To evaluate secondary organ damage, echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy, fundoscopic assessment of hypertensive lesions, and analysis of renal function and proteinuria were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the 8 operated patients remained normotensive in the long-term period with decreased antihypertensive medication. Two patients required gradual increases of antihypertensive medication after the first postoperative year, after which arterial blood pressure levels were 10% to 15% lower than preoperative levels. Three patients suffered serious cardiovascular and renal complications, with the incidence of lethal intracerebral hemorrhage in 1 patient and end-stage renal disease in 2 patients, of whom 1 experienced sudden cardiac death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term results verify that microsurgical decompression is a successful alternative therapy in a certain subgroup of patients with arterial hypertension due to neurovascular compression. However, the relevance of the looping artery in the other cases, who did not improve, is not clear. Prospective studies to elucidate the pathophysiological role of neurovascular abnormalities and arterial hypertension are needed.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department IV/Nephrology, Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Erlangen, and Medical Department IV/Nephrology, University Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Helga.Frank@rzmail.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schobel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heusser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fahlbusch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naraghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020435:Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020421:Vagus Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents