title: Decreased expression of an ATP-binding cassette transporter, MRP2, in human livers with hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand hepatic injury during the process of hepatitis viral infection, determination of liver-specific functions at molecular levels is critical. Because the transport of endogenous/exogenous toxic substances is an intrinsically important hepatic function, we examined whether expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene was affected in patients with hepatitis viral infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine which ABC transporter was expressed differently in patients with hepatic viral infection, we assayed the expression of MDR1, MDR3, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 in non-cancerous regions in the liver of 42 patients with hepatic tumors using both quantitative RT-PCR and immunological staining analysis, and compared the hepatic expression levels between patients with hepatitis viral infection and non-infected controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the five ABC transporter genes studied, the mRNAs of MRP2 and MRP3 were highly expressed in the human liver. There was a significant reduction in MRP2 expression to 29% in the virus-infected liver. Treatment of hepatic cells with inflammatory cytokines resulted in decreased mRNA levels of MRP2 and decreased MRP2 promoter activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The down-regulation of MRP2 might induce a failure in the transport of various genotoxic substances in the liver with hepatitis virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hinoshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inokuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiumi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C114462:multidrug resistance-associated protein 3; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1