title: One-thousand consecutive inguinal hernia repairs under unmonitored local anesthesia.
abstract: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of unmonitored local anesthesia (ULA) for elective open inguinal hernia repair, we made a prospective, consecutive data collection from 1000 operations on primary and recurrent hernias. Follow-up consisted of a questionnaire 1 mo after surgery and retrieval from the electronic patient data management system. In 921 ASA Group I and II and 79 ASA Group III and IV patients, the median age was 60 yr (range, 18-95 yr). ULA was converted to general anesthesia in 5 of 1000 cases, and 961 patients were discharged on the day of surgery after 95 min (median; interquartile range, 75-150); 29 patients had complications requiring surgical intervention. Within the first month, three patients died of causes unrelated to hernia surgery, and six had cardiovascular or respiratory events. The questionnaire was returned by 940 patients; 124 were dissatisfied with local anesthesia, day-case setup, or both, primarily because of intraoperative pain (n = 74; 7.8%). We conclude that open inguinal hernia repair can be conducted under ULA, regardless of comorbidity, with a small rate of deviation from day-case setup and minimal morbidity. It provides a safe alternative to other anesthetic techniques with an acceptable rate of satisfaction, but intraoperative pain relief needs improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inguinal hernia repair can be safely performed under unmonitored local anesthesia with infrequent postoperative morbidity and acceptable satisfaction, but intraoperative pain may be a problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, H:S Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. callesen@rh.dk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Callesen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kehlet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine