title: Request fulfillment in office practice: antecedents and relationship to outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients communicate their desires and expectations largely by making requests. However, the antecedents and consequences of request fulfillment have received limited attention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe patient and physician characteristics associated with request fulfillment and to understand the consequences of request fulfillment and nonfulfillment on visit evaluations by patients and physicians, self-reported health care use, and health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were gathered from patient and physician surveys administered at several points before and after problem-driven outpatient visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in the office practices of 45 family practice, internal medicine, and cardiology physicians working either in a large multispecialty group practice or in a group-model health maintenance organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected at the index visit from 909 patients (cooperation rate, 68%; net response rate, 32%). A telephone follow-up survey was administered to 887 (98%) of these patients 2 weeks after the visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before the visit, patients provided ratings of their health concerns, physical functioning, role limitations, general health perceptions, and trust in the index physician. After the visit, patients reported on any request that they made, physician responses to these requests, and their satisfaction with care. At the 2-week follow-up evaluation, patients again reported on satisfaction, health concerns, health status, and self-reported postvisit health care use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients reported making at least one request in 84% of encounters; requests for medical information, examination, and tests or procedures were most common. Four-fifths of patients who made at least one request reported complete fulfillment of all requests. Perceived request fulfillment was significantly lower among patients with relatively low pr-visit trust in the treating physician. Higher request fulfillment was predictive of more positive patient evaluations of care. Visits in which requests could not be completely fulfilled were rated by physicians as more demanding and less satisfying. Request fulfillment was also positively associated with fewer health concerns and greater symptom improvement at follow up. Nonfulfillment of patient requests did not predict postvisit health care use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Request fulfillment affects patient and physician satisfaction and perceptions of health outcomes. New approaches that efficiently recognize and respond to patient requests are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, USA. rlkravitz@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kravitz
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Rahman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azari
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krupat
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelly-Reif
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D002309:Cardiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003142:Communication; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010548:Personal Health Services; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires