title: No evidence for point mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor in familial idiopathic hypercalciuria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is frequently associated with nephrolithiasis. As 40% of patients have a positive familial history of IH, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance has been suggested. Numerous genes have been studied in this regard but none have been found to be linked to IH. Mutation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) has never been studied. Therefore, we conducted a study to detect such mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven families with IH and nephrolithiasis were recruited in a prospective study. Forty-two family members underwent 24-h urine calcium measurement. Twenty-five of them with 24-h hypercalciuria also underwent extensive metabolic evaluation. Blood samples were collected in one or two affected family members in each family and exons 2-7 of the CaR gene were sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the seven families, at least one parent and more than half of the children had hypercalciuria (21/30), consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Among the nine affected family members whose CaR gene has been studied, all nine had absorptive hypercalciuria, three also had fasting hypercalciuria, and one had renal phosphorous leak. No mutation of the CaR gene was detected in these seven families. Two previously reported polymorphisms were detected, each of them in five families: A986S and C-to-T change at -60 in intron 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these seven families, IH is not related to the CaR gene mutation. Although we cannot exclude that point mutations can be found in other families, familial IH does not seem to be generally associated with CaR mutation.
authors.affiliation: Service de Néphrologie A, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lerolle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coulet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paillard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houillier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soubrier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gattegno
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jeunemaitre
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rondeau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D004247:DNA; D002118:Calcium