title: Function of the Fanconi anemia pathway in Fanconi anemia complementation group F and D1 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fanconi anemia (FA) is a human autosomal-recessive cancer susceptibility disorder characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and cellular sensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC). FA has at least eight complementation groups (A, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G), and six of the FA genes have been cloned. Several FA proteins, including FANCA, FANCC, FANCF, and FANCG, interact in a nuclear complex, and this complex is required for the activation (monoubiquitination) of the downstream FANCD2 protein. Activation of FANCD2 results in the assembly of FANCD2/BRCA1 foci. The aim of this study was to analyze the FA pathway in several FA patient-derived cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We generated an antibody to FANCF and analyzed FANCF expression in human lymphoblasts corresponding to all known FA subtypes. We systematically analyzed the FA pathway (FANCD2 monoubiquitination and assembly of FANCD2 nuclear foci) in patient-derived FA-F and FA-D1 cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FANCF protein expression is normal in cells derived from all FA complementation groups except FA-F and does not vary during cell cycle progression. FANCF, but not FANCD2, is a component of the nuclear FA protein complex and appears to stabilize other subunits of the complex. FANCF is required for the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 protein following ionizing radiation. FANCD2 is monoubiquitinated in FA-D1 cells, even though these cells are highly sensitive to MMC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recently cloned FANCF protein is required for FANCD2 activation, and the yet uncloned FANCD1 protein functions further downstream or independently of the FA pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grompe
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D052217:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group A Protein; D052236:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein; D052219:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group F Protein; D052241:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group G Protein; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C498471:FANCA protein, human; C499905:FANCD2 protein, human; C499901:FANCF protein, human; C499909:FANCG protein, human; D052217:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group A Protein; D052236:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein; D052219:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group F Protein; D052241:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group G Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D016685:Mitomycin