title: Empirical evaluation and justification of methodologies in psychological science.
abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe a relatively new movement in the history and philosophy of science, naturalism, a form of pragmatism emphasizing that methodological principles are empirical statements. Thus, methodological principles must be evaluated and justified on the same basis as other empirical statements. On this view, methodological statements may be less secure than the specific scientific theories to which they give rise. The authors examined the feasibility of a naturalistic approach to methodology using logical and historical analysis and by contrasting theories that predict new facts versus theories that explain already known facts. They provide examples of how differences over methodological issues in psychology and in science generally may be resolved using a naturalistic, or empirical, approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1364, USA. proctor@psych.purdue.edu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Capaldi
mesh_terms: D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011584:Psychology / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends; D012106:Research / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States