title: Bacterial lipoprotein-based vaccines induce tumor necrosis factor-dependent type 1 protective immunity against Leishmania major.
abstract: Immunity against Leishmania major requires rapid induction of a type 1 immune response in which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays an essential role. Hence, vaccination strategies that simulate the protective immune response found in hosts that have recovered from natural infection provide a rational approach to combat leishmaniasis. One method for optimizing the qualitative and quantitative immune responses after vaccination is to use an adjuvant. In this study we demonstrate that the OprI lipoprotein (L-OprI) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces a long-term cellular (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma]) and humoral (immunoglobulin G2a) type 1 immune response against a truncated 32-kDa version (COOHgp63) of the 63-kDa major cell surface glycoprotein gp63. By contrast, immunization with COOHgp63 either fused to OprI nonlipoprotein or with no adjuvant did not result in the induction of type 1 immune responses. The adjuvanticity of L-OprI is strongly dependent on its capacity to induce TNF-alpha, since generation of type 1 immune responses is clearly delayed and impaired in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice. Vaccination with L-OprICOOHgp63 fusion protein protected BALB/c mice against L. major infection for at least 19 weeks. Vaccinated mice were largely free of lesions or clearly controlled lesion size on termination of the experiment. The control of disease progression in mice vaccinated with L-OprICOOHgp63 was associated with enhancement of antigen-specific IFN-gamma production. These data indicate that bacterial lipoproteins constitute appropriate adjuvants to include in vaccines against diseases in which type 1 immune responses are important for protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cote-Sierra
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bredan
authors.forename: Carmen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Toldos
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stijlemans
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brys
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornelis
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Baetselier
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Revets
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008055:Lipids / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; C060507:outer membrane lipoprotein I, Bacteria; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C055146:glycoprotein gp63, Leishmania