title: BMPs induce dermal markers and ectopic feather tracts.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is known to be involved in multiple inductive events during embryogenesis including the development of amniote skin. Here, we demonstrate that early application of BMP-2 to the lateral trunk of chick embryos induces the formation of dense dermis, which is competent to participate in feather development. We show that BMPs induce the dermis markers Msx-1 and cDermo-1 and lead to dermal proliferation, to expression of beta-catenin, and eventually to the formation of ectopic feather tracts in originally featherless regions of chick skin. Moreover, we present a detailed analysis of cDermo-1 expression during early feather development. The data implicate that cDermo-1 is located downstream of BMP in a signaling pathway that leads to condensation of dermal cells. The roles of BMP and cDermo-1 during development of dermis and feather primordia are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaal
authors.forename: Felicitas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pröls
authors.forename: Ernst Martin
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Füchtbauer
authors.forename: Ketan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hornik
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brand-Saberi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005241:Feathers / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006965:Hyperplasia; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011506:Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099176:Noggin Protein