Electromyographic biofeedback-assisted relaxation training in juvenile episodic tension-type headache: clinical outcome at three-year follow-up.
Although tension-type headaches are more common than migraine in children and adolescents, the limited studies that have been conducted with juveniles have focused chiefly on migraine treatment and its course. This report describes the clinical benefits for an electromyographic biofeedback-assisted relaxation treatment program for a group of children and adolescents experiencing episodic tension-type headache and examines whether the clinical presentation changed for headaches that remained. Of the 54 consecutive juveniles who began treatment, 38 completed and were available to participate in the 3-year follow-up. Headaches improved measurably immediately following treatment, with further gains being evident through 3 years. The few headaches that did occur at 3 years were nearly identical symptom-for-symptom to those that were experienced prior to treatment. This report suggests that behavioural treatment is a viable and durable intervention for juvenile episodic tension-type headache, but more definitive claims cannot be made due to the uncontrolled nature of the study. Further investigation is warranted.
Grazzi
L
L
Neurological Institute C.Besta, Milan, Italy. Licia_Grazzi@rcm.inet.it
Andrasik
F
F
D'Amico
D
D
Leone
M
M
Moschiano
F
F
Bussone
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*