title: Reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serotypes in travelers returning from Southeast Asia.
abstract: During 1995 to 1999, we collected 1,210 Salmonella isolates; 629 were from Finnish travelers returning from abroad. These isolates were tested for susceptibility by determining MICs to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and seven additional antimicrobial agents. From 1995 to 1999, the annual proportion of reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility (MIC > 0.125 microg/mL) among all travelers' isolates increased from 3.9% to 23.5% (p<0.001). The increasing trend was outstanding among the isolates from Southeast Asia; isolates from Thailand alone increased from 5.6% to 50.0% (p<0.001). The reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility was nonclonal in character and significantly associated with multidrug resistance. A point mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA was present in all isolates with reduced susceptibility. These data provide further evidence for the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens from one continent to another.
authors.affiliation: Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland. antti.hakanen@utu.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hakanen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotilainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huovinen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helenius
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siitonen
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027081:DNA Gyrase