title: Childhood history of anxiety disorders among adults with social phobia: rates, correlates, and comparisons with patients with panic disorder.
abstract: We examined the rates and correlates of a childhood history of anxiety disorders in 100 adults with a primary diagnosis of social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Adulthood and childhood disorders were assessed by experienced clinicians with structured clinical interviews. Rates of childhood anxiety disorders were evaluated to diagnostic comorbidity and a comparison group of patients with panic disorder. Onset of social phobia occurred before age 18 in 80% of the sample. Over half of the sample (54%) met criteria for one or more childhood anxiety disorders other than social phobia: 47% for overanxious disorder, 25% for avoidant disorder, 13% for separation anxiety disorder, and 1% for childhood agoraphobia. A history of childhood anxiety was associated with an early age of onset of social phobia, greater severity of fear and avoidance of social situations, greater fears of negative evaluation, and greater anxiety and depression morbidity. Rates of childhood social phobia, overanxious disorder, and avoidant disorder were significantly higher in patients with social phobia relative to our panic-disordered comparison group. We found approximately equal rates of a childhood history of separation anxiety disorder in patients with social phobia and panic disorder, providing further evidence against a unique relationship between separation anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smoller
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010553:Personality Development; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors