title: Sonographic appearances of malignant lymphoma of the salivary glands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook this retrospective study to describe the sonographic findings in patients with malignant lymphoma of the major salivary glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the sonograms and medical records of 7 patients with histologically proven lymphoma of the parotid (3 patients) or submandibular glands (4 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary lymphoma was found in 1 parotid gland and 2 submandibular glands. The remaining 4 cases were secondary lymphomas. One patient had been diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome and had been followed up with sonography. In parotid glands, both parenchymal and intraparotid nodal lymphomas were found. All submandibular gland tumors were parenchymal. Intraparotid nodal involvement appeared as multiple small nodules with relatively smooth margins, whereas the parenchymal parotid and submandibular gland lymphomas were larger (25 to 45 mm in longitudinal diameter) and showed various degrees of margin irregularity. All tumors were hypoechoic relative to the normal parenchyma. The primary parotid lymphoma and intraparotid nodal lymphomas had a homogeneous echotexture; the secondary parotid lymphomas and submandibular gland lymphomas were heterogeneous. One submandibular gland lymphoma showed intratumoral echogenic stripes. Neither calcification nor cystic degeneration was observed within the lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphomas of the salivary glands present a variety of sonographic appearances, ranging from multiple small, hypoechoic nodules to an irregularly shaped heterogeneous mass without cystic areas or calcifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunaba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography