title: Highly disparate xenogeneic skin graft tolerance induction by fetal pig thymus in thymectomized mice: Conditioning requirements and the role of coimplantation of fetal pig liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Highly disparate xenogeneic pig skin graft tolerance and efficient repopulation of mouse CD4+ T cells are achieved in thymectomized (ATX) B6 mice that receive T cell and natural killer (NK) cell depletion by injection of a mixture of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (GK1.5, 2.43, 30-H12, and PK136) on days -6, -1, +7, and +14 and 3 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) followed by implantation of fetal pig thymus/liver (FP THY/LIV) grafts on day 0. The requirements for each treatment in this model to achieve pig skin graft tolerance have not previously been defined. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to address the role of each treatment in achieving maximal skin graft tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral mouse CD4+ T-cell repopulation and pig skin graft survival were followed in this pig-to-mouse model in which recipient B6 mice were treated with modified regimens that omitted thymectomy, 3 Gy TBI, anti-Thy1.2, and anti-NK1.1 mAbs, injection of a mixture of mAbs on day +14, or coimplantation of FP LIV, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prolongation but not permanent survival of donor MHC-matched pig skin grafts was observed in euthymic B6 mice that received T and NK cell depletion, 3 Gy TBI, and 7 Gy thymic irradiation and FP THY/LIV in the mediastinum, suggesting that full xenogeneic tolerance was not achieved in euthymic mice. However, after grafting FP THY alone to ATX B6 mice treated either with the "standard" regimen, or with a conditioning regimen that omitted all components of the conditioning regimen except treatment with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs, efficient peripheral repopulation of mouse CD4+ T cells and long-term donor MHC-matched pig skin graft acceptance were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly disparate xenogeneic pig skin graft tolerance can be achieved by grafting FP THY alone in anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAb-treated ATX B6 mice, but not in euthymic B6 mice. Additional treatment of ATX recipient mice with anti-Thy1.2 and NK1.1 mAbs and 3 Gy TBI is not essential for donor pig skin graft tolerance induction.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplantation Section, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Barbosa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Arn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sykes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D013934:Thymectomy; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000941:Antigens; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D000954:Antigens, Surface; C527211:Klrb1c protein, mouse; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D011506:Proteins; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens