Acute effects of weight reduction on cholesterol metabolism in obese type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND
Weight reduction in obese type 2 diabetes increases the absorption efficiency of cholesterol and serum plant sterol levels from baseline. However, there is no information on the effects of acute restriction of calories and lack of dietary cholesterol and plant sterols on serum cholesterol precursor and plant sterols and on cholesterol metabolism. Thus, 10 obese (BMI>30 kg/m(2)) type 2 diabetes subjects consumed very low energy diet virtually free of cholesterol, cholestanol and plant sterols for 3 months.


METHODS
Serum sterols were measured with gas-liquid chromatography.


RESULTS
Body weight was reduced by 15.5+/-1.7 kg (p<0.001), serum cholesterol by 21+/-3%, triglycerides 45+/-5%, glucose 23+/-3%, insulin 59+/-5% and HbAIc by 8+/-2%, whereas serum sex hormone binding globulin increased by 108+/-25% (p<0.05-0.001 for all). Serum desmosterol and lathosterol to cholesterol ratios (indicators of cholesterol synthesis) were significantly decreased by 20% suggesting that cholesterol synthesis was suppressed. Serum squalene ratio was unchanged. Despite lack of dietary plant sterols and cholestanol, serum campesterol and sitosterol ratios (indicators of cholesterol absorption efficiency) only tended to decrease, whereas serum cholestanol ratio, also an absorption indicator, was increased by 33+/-3% (p<0.001), and its ratios to campesterol and sitosterol were increased by 60% and 31%, suggesting that sterol absorption efficiency might have been increased and their turnover reduced.


CONCLUSIONS
In obese type 2 diabetes, restriction of calories and dietary sterols improved markedly control of diabetes, decreased serum cholesterol precursor sterols suggesting that cholesterol synthesis was decreased, but only tended to decrease serum values of plant sterols probably due to their release from the adipose tissues associated with their impaired turnover.
Simonen
Piia
P
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 340, 00029 HYKS Helsinki, Finland.
Gylling
Helena
H
Miettinen
Tatu A
TA
D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013185:Squalene / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013261:Sterols / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
D010840:Phytosterols; D013261:Sterols; D013185:Squalene; D002784:Cholesterol