title: Calculation of tension exerted on a ligature in incomplete hanging.
abstract: The study is devoted to one of the numerous factors (namely, body posture), which determine the strength of the neck compression in hanging. Mathematical modeling method and achievements of biomechanics were used. Human body was supposed to consist of 16 freely joined hard parts. The possibility of ligature tension calculation in any position in incomplete hanging is shown. Weight ranges for hanging of male persons in different body positions are presented: in standing posture the ligature is stretched by more than 65% of the body weight, in kneeling position by 64-74%, in sitting by 17-32%, in recumbent posture by less than 18% of the body weight. The importance of the accurate recording of a corpse posture at the place of accident is emphasized, as well as the necessity of the corpse mass evaluation. Significance of the work for medico-legal practice is illustrated by the study of the neck organocomplex trauma in 108 cases of suicidal hanging. Injuries were revealed stereomicroscopically after the complete preparation of the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages, preliminary fixed in the formalin solution. Trauma to the neck complex (fractures, infractions, fissures) was found in more than 64% of cases, differences in many of the groups compared are significant, P<0.05. Vulnerability index hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage was 1.75 in complete hanging of the body, 0.88 in standing position, 0.63 in kneeling, 0.33 in sitting, 0.25 in recumbent posture. Results of the study may be used for investigation of dying processes and morphology of hanging.
authors.affiliation: Bureau for medico-legal expertise, 10 Ekaterininskiy Ave., Saint-Petersburg 195067, Russia. biblmechn@soros.spb.ru
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Khokhlov
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture; D013405:Suicide