title: Abnormal activation in the visual cortex after corneal refractive surgery for myopia: demonstration by functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To try to correlate subjective photophobic symptoms with visual pathway modifications (from the retinal image to the visual cortex) after refractive surgery by exploring brain activation on photic stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four subjects reporting discomfort produced by luminance (glare, halos, starbursts, or a combination thereof) in one eye after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were enrolled. The contralateral myopic eye (control) had no visual impairment and had undergone LASIK without complications or had not had previous surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during photic stimulation, delivered by an optical fiber, of the affected and unaffected eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging provided evidence that most subjective visual symptoms correlated with anatomic flap abnormalities are associated with a higher signal increase in the visual association cortices compared with a nonsymptomatic eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the visual cortex may help in exploring the mechanisms involved in glare effects after refractive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Service Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Purpan, Place Baylac, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France. malecaze.fr@chu-toulouse.fr
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Malecaze
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Boulanouar
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Demonet
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guell
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Imbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery*; D020795:Photophobia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology