title: Urinary tract infection in individuals with spinal cord lesion.
abstract: Urinary tract infection is the most frequently reported secondary impairment in individuals with spinal cord lesion. The most prevalent risk indicator is an indwelling catheter. Hydrophilic catheters for clean intermittent catheterization may induce lower rates of bacteriuria and long-term urethral complications. Due to chronic bacterial infection within biofilms, an antibacterial treatment based on a urinary culture of bacteria in the urine and its antimicrobial susceptibility may fail to eradicate catheter-associated urinary tract infection. No commercially available drugs are sufficiently active against the bacteria in a mature biofilm. Biomaterials may be modified to decrease the formation of a biofilm. Silver alloy catheters are effective in preventing urinary tract infection when indwelling urinary catheterization is necessary. The risk of systemic argyria in long-term use needs to be evaluated. Suprapubic cystostomy drainage in patients with neurogenic bladder is preferred to an indwelling urethral catheter. In cases of recurring urinary tract infection in patients with a permanent urinary catheter, it may be beneficial to change the catheter every 1 or 2 weeks. There is some evidence that cranberry products may prevent urinary tract infection. In the future, bacterial interference and vaccination may be a possibility for prevention of urinary tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Para- and Tetraplegia, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark. finbs@rh.dk
authors.forename: Fin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biering-Sørensen
mesh_terms: D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry