title: Egg of the Karner Blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis): morphology and elemental analysis.
abstract: Most insect eggshells are ornately sculptured; that of the Karner Blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis, exhibits a series of interwoven ridges and depressions. Scanning electron microscopic views of the shell show that the patterning resides in the outer chorion, while the inner vitelline membrane is relatively flat and featureless. We here describe the morphology of the egg and introduce a physical technique, use of a Dynamitron accelerator, to identify and localize elements in the eggshell. Most elements present are represented in the chorion, but sulfur appears restricted to the vitelline membrane. The micropyle is particularly rich in calcium and, in unhatched eggs, phosphorus as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Nickles
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghiradella
authors.forename: Hassaram
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bakhru
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haberl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002080:Butterflies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002823:Chorion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014817:Vitelline Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure