title: Expression of proangiogenic chemokine Gro 1 in low and high metastatic variants of Pam murine squamous cell carcinoma is differentially regulated by IL-1alpha, EGF and TGF-beta1 through NF-kappaB dependent and independent mechanisms.
abstract: We previously reported that chemokine Growth Regulated Oncogene 1 (Gro 1) is over-expressed in murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with metastatic tumor progression. The enhanced expression of Gro-1 gene by SCC is regulated by activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), leading to accelerated tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in vivo. In our study, we investigated the effect of the regulatory cytokines, IL-1alpha, EGF and TGF-beta1 on activation of NF-kappaB and Gro1 in primary and metastatic sublines of the murine SCC Pam 212. We found that Gro 1 expression could be induced by IL-1alpha or EGF in the low cytokine producing Pam 212 cells, but no significant induction was observed in high cytokine producing and metastatic LY-2 cells. Conditioned medium from LY-2 containing functional IL-1alpha induced Gro 1 expression in Pam 212 cells, which can be blocked by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). IL-1RA, however, had a minimal effect on constitutive Gro 1 production by LY-2 cells. TGF-beta1 suppressed constitutive as well as IL-1alpha and EGF-inducible Gro 1 production in both Pam 212 and LY-2 cells. IL-1alpha and EGF, but not TGF-beta1, were found to activate NF-kappaB in Pam 212, whereas none of the stimulants showed a significant effect on constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in LY-2 cells. Overexpression of a super repressor IkappaBalphaM in Pam 212 inhibited NF-kappaB binding activity, which led to impaired Gro 1 induction by IL-1alpha and EGF. These results demonstrate that IL-1alpha, EGF, and TGF-beta1 are important modulators of Gro 1 expression in SCC. Different responses to these modulators observed along with SCC metastatic progression may suggest a transition mechanism(s) for Gro 1 expression from host factor dependent to an independent stage involving NF-kappaB activation. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1419, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loukinova
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Waes
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor