title: Involvement of multiple kinase pathways in stimulation of gene transcription by hypertonicity.
abstract: Osmolality of the mammalian renal medulla is high because of the operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. To understand molecular events during the early phase of cellular adaptation to hypertonicity, we performed comprehensive searches for genes induced in response to hypertonicity using a cell line (mIMCD3) derived from the inner medullary collecting duct of mouse kidney. PCR-based subtractive hybridization of cDNA pools and cDNA microarray analysis were used. We report 12 genes whose mRNA expression is significantly increased within 4 h after exposure to hypertonicity. The increase in mRNA expression was the result of increased transcription. Many are either stress response genes or growth regulatory genes, supporting the notion that hypertonicity evokes the stress response and growth regulation in cells. Experiments using inhibitors revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinases were commonly involved in signaling for the induction of genes by hypertonicity. Tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase also play a significant role. Signaling pathways for stimulation of transcription appeared quite diverse in that each gene was sensitive to different combinations of inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Ohnn
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nahm
authors.forename: Seung Kyoon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Handler
authors.forename: H Moo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007093:Imidazoles; D009025:Morpholines; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D011494:Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580