Risk factors for development of tuberculosis after isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
The long-term benefit of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and risk factors for isoniazid failure were studied in 131 HIV-infected patients who received >9 months of isoniazid preventive therapy. During a median follow-up of 43 months, 8 patients developed tuberculosis (TB) (6%; 0.61 cases per 100 patient-years). Only the persistence of risk factors for exposure to TB was statistically associated with development of disease (relative hazard, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-17; P<.001). Our data suggest reinfection as the main cause of TB after isoniazid prophylaxis.
Casado
José L
JL
Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain. jcasado@hrc.insalud.es
Moreno
Santiago
S
Fortún
Jesús
J
Antela
Antonio
A
Quereda
Carmen
C
Navas
Enrique
E
Moreno
Ana
A
Dronda
Fernando
F
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid