title: Reconstruction of the ossicular chain with titanium implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since 1994 more than 1300 titanium implants have been used to reconstruct the ossicular chain of the middle ear for chronic otitis media. Two different types of implants were used. First, a total and a partial implant of fixed length, available in numerous different lengths. And second, a total and partial implant that has an adjustable length. The implants are commercially available from 2 different companies. Patients were followed for a postoperative term from 6 to 72 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A wide variety of patients aged 5 to 82 years received a tympanoplasty type III. Those patients whose ossicular chain had been reconstructed with titanium implants since 1994 were evaluated. As implants from one company are fixed in length; implants of a second company are trimmable in length. All prostheses are lightweight and made of pure titanium, fitting most anatomical situations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Earlier results already showed a very low complication rate. Extrusions occurred only in cases of middle ear atalectasis with resorption of interposed cartilage (<1%). No adverse reaction to the prostheses could be seen, even in histologic reviews. An average air-bone gap less than 20 dB(A) for all calculated frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz was achieved for 76% of cases; 43% of cases showed a calculated air-bone gap of less than 10 dB(A), only 10% higher than 30 dB(A).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All implants used offer the proven benefits of titanium, namely high biocompatibility and high stability at a very low complication rate with excellent hearing results for the patients. Titanium implants can highly be recommended to reconstruct the ossicular chain of the middle ear.
authors.affiliation: HNO Klinik, Dominikus Krankenhaus, Am Heerdter Krankenhaus 2, 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany. cdalchow@mail.isis.de
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Dalchow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grün
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Stupp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001844:Bone Conduction; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D019933:Ossicular Replacement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012086:Reoperation; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014433:Tympanoplasty / Q000145:classification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium