title: Randomised controlled trial of clinical medication review by a pharmacist of elderly patients receiving repeat prescriptions in general practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a pharmacist can effectively review repeat prescriptions through consultations with elderly patients in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial of clinical medication review by a pharmacist against normal general practice review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four general practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  1188 patients aged 65 or over who were receiving at least one repeat prescription and living in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were invited to a consultation at which the pharmacist reviewed their medical conditions and current treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of changes to repeat prescriptions over one year, drug costs, and use of healthcare services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  590 (97%) patients in the intervention group were reviewed compared with 233 (44%) in the control group. Patients seen by the pharmacist were more likely to have changes made to their repeat prescriptions (mean number of changes per patient 2.2 v 1.9; difference=0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.57; P=0.02). Monthly drug costs rose in both groups over the year, but the rise was less in the intervention group (mean difference 4.72 pound sterling per 28 days, - 7.04 pound sterling to - 2.41 pound sterling); equivalent to 61 pound sterling per patient a year. Intervention patients had a smaller rise in the number of drugs prescribed (0.2 v 0.4; mean difference -0.2, -0.4 to -0.1). There was no evidence that review of treatment by the pharmacist affected practice consultation rates, outpatient consultations, hospital admissions, or death rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clinical pharmacist can conduct effective consultations with elderly patients in general practice to review their drugs. Such review results in significant changes in patients' drugs and saves more than the cost of the intervention without affecting the workload of general practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Division of Academic Pharmacy Practice, School of Healthcare Studies, University of Leeds, UK. arnoldz@easynet.co.uk
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zermansky
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Raynor
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Freemantle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vail
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016527:Drug Costs; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation; D010595:Pharmacists; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'