title: Ocular absorption behavior of palmitoyl tilisolol, an amphiphilic prodrug of tilisolol, for ocular drug delivery.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the ocular absorption behavior of an amphiphilic prodrug after instillation onto the cornea of rabbits. A micellar solution of O-palmitoyl tilisolol (PalTL), an amphiphilic prodrug, was prepared. After instillation of tilisolol (TL) and PalTL, the drug concentrations in the tear fluid, cornea, aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, and blood were measured. In addition, in situ ocular absorption behavior was also evaluated. After instillation of TL, the concentration of TL in the tear fluid quickly decreased. After instillation of PalTL, prolonged retention and high concentrations of PalTL in tear fluid and the cornea were observed. In addition, more prolonged retention of the TL concentration after instillation of PalTL than after instillation of TL was observed in the cornea, aqueous humor, and iris-ciliary body. In situ experiments demonstrated that PalTL was mainly absorbed by the corneal route and the improvement effects of PalTL under in vivo conditions was due to an enhanced transit time of PalTL in ocular tissues. PalTL, an amphiphilic prodrug, exhibited increased retention in the precorneal area compared with the parent drug, TL, resulted in improved ocular absorption of the parent drug.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan. kawakami@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaeda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011817:Rabbits; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D011355:Prodrugs; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C036593:tilisolol