title: Decreased expression of catenins (alpha and beta), p120 CTN, and E-cadherin cell adhesion proteins and E-cadherin gene promoter methylation in prostatic adenocarcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catenin/E-cadherin complex proteins play an important role in cell-cell adhesion with decreased expression correlating with adverse prognostic variables in several human malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archival formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) sections from 118 prostatic adenocarcinomas (PACs) were immunostained by an automated method (Ventana Medical Systems, Tuscon, AZ) using monoclonal antibodies to catenins alpha and beta, p120 CTN, and E-cadherin proteins. Immunoreactivity was semiquantitatively graded, and results correlated with traditional prognostic parameters. In a subset of 10 randomly selected cases, E-cadherin gene promoter methylation status was determined on FFPE tissues using sodium bisulfite/hydroquinone DNA modification and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with methylation specific primers (CpG wiz E-cadherin methylation assay; Intergen Co., Purchase, NY).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreased expression of alpha-catenin (17%), beta catenin (4%), p120 CTN (45%), and E-cadherin (25%) proteins was noted in PACs with downregulation of each protein correlating with high tumor grade (P = 0.01-0.0001). In addition, p120 CTN and E-cadherin expression levels correlated with pathologic stage (P = 0.05; P = 0.02), aneuploidy (P = 0.001; P = 0.0001), and alpha-catenin with aneuploidy (P = 0.0001). p120 CTN loss also correlated with preoperative serum prostate specific antigen (P = 0.05). Two of 10 cases featured no evidence of E-cadherin gene promoter methylation by PCR and both cases retained expression of E-cadherin protein on immunohistochemistry. Of the 8 cases that showed E-cadherin methylation, 5 (68%) featured loss of expression of the protein on immunohistochemistry (P = 0.11). There was no correlation between E-cadherin methylation and adverse prognostic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased expression of catenin/E-cadherin complex cell adhesion proteins is associated with aggressive phenotype in prostatic adenocarcinoma. E-cadherin gene promote methylation is a common event in prostate carcinoma but does not appear to bear prognostic significance in the subset of cases analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Kallakury
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winn-Deen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051177:Catenins; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051178:alpha Catenin; D051176:beta Catenin; D000095002:Delta Catenin
chemical_list: C495273:CTNNA1 protein, human; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D051177:Catenins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051178:alpha Catenin; D051176:beta Catenin; D000095002:Delta Catenin; C000722347:CTNND1 protein, human