title: MAGE-A4, a germ cell specific marker, is expressed differentially in testicular tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common malignancy in young males, and the frequency of these tumors has risen dramatically over the last century. Because it is known that the MAGE genes are expressed in a wide variety of tumors but are expressed only in the mitotic spermatogonia (germ cells) and in the primary spermatocytes in the normal testis, the authors screened the expression of MAGE-A4 in a panel of testicular germ cell tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monoclonal antibody 57B raised against MAGE-A4 was tested immunohistochemically on 12 classical seminomas, 5 anaplastic seminomas, 10 various specimens of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), 2 combined tumors containing seminoma components, 1 Sertoli cell tumor, 2 Leydig cell tumors, and 15 carcinomas in situ (CIS). In addition, monoclonal antibody 57B was tested on embryonic gonad (age 8 weeks) and fetal gonads (ages 15 weeks, 17 weeks, and 28 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classical seminomas uniformly and specifically expressed MAGE-A4 compared with anaplastic seminomas and NSGCTs, which were negative for this antigen. Specific expression of MAGE-A4 also was seen in subpopulations of CIS cells, providing additional evidence for heterogeneity of the phenotype of these cells, in which it is believed that differentiation and proliferation generate seminomas and NSGCTs. Finally, MAGE-A4 was expressed in the fetal precursors of the stem germ cells from 17 weeks of gestation onward, in accordance the fact that CIS can arise from prespermatogonia in the fetus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAGE-A4 can be considered a potential specific marker for normal premeiotic germ cells and germ cell tumors and can be used to characterize classical seminomas.
authors.affiliation: GERM-INSERM U. 435, Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Bretagne, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Satie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rioux-Leclercq
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajpert-De Meyts
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Spagnoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chomez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jégou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D006066:Gonads / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011379:Prognosis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C095204:MAGEA4 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins