title: Estrous influences on micturition thresholds of the female rat before and after bladder inflammation.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that lower urinary tract functions may be influenced by reproductive status, particularly under pathophysiological conditions. This study used repeated cystometrograms via a transurethral catheter to investigate the influence of estrous stage on micturition thresholds before and after turpentine-induced bladder inflammation in urethane-anesthetized female rats. Whereas there were no estrous influences on micturition threshold in the uninflamed bladder, micturition thresholds after bladder inflammation were significantly lower in rats in proestrus or estrus than in rats in metestrus or diestrus. Furthermore, the risk that the initial urethral catheterization and preinflammation cystometrogram would produce hematuria was significantly lower in estrus than in the other stages. These estrous influences are not readily explicable by levels of ovarian hormones at the time of testing and may relate instead to dynamic interactions between these hormones and other neuroactive molecules. In addition, the results here have relevance to interpretations of cystometrographic findings in the clinic and basic research.
authors.affiliation: Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1270, USA.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Berkley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007509:Irritants; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000502:physiology; D014425:Turpentine; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants; D014425:Turpentine