title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), a collaborative activity of clinical genetic departments and IVF centres.
abstract: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) requires the combined efforts of geneticists and workers in the field of reproductive medicine. This was studied on the basis of a questionnaire, sent to 35 members of the PGD Consortium of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). A reply was obtained from 20 centres. They represent the majority of activities in the field of PGD in the world. It is obvious that many of the activities (in vitro fertilisation, embryo culture and biopsy) take place in IVF units while others (counselling and diagnosis) are the responsibility of genetic diagnostic centres. The distances between both units vary considerably. In all but one centre sex determination is offered. Aneuploidy screening is offered in 13 out of 20 centres. PGD of translocations and other structural chromosome abnormalities is offered in all but one centre. The number of monogenic diseases offered varies considerably. In comparison to prenatal diagnosis PGD is more expensive. The majority of these costs are due to the IVF or ICSI procedure. The charges for PGD vary between about 600 euro and 4000 euro. In 16 out of 20 centres the parents to be must sign an informed consent form.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute Growth and Development, Universiteit Maastricht, The Netherlands. joep.geraedts@gen.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Geraedts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Braude
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sermon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianaroli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munné
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gitlin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blenow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Traeger-Synodinos
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viville
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emiliani
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kanavakis
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005568:Forms and Records Control; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005826:Genetics, Medical; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000191:economics; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires