title: [Hormonal contraception and thromboembolic disease--pathophysiologic findings and practical recommendations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Review the knowledge about changes in hemostatic system in combined oral contraceptives users (focused on studies published between 1997 and 2000).
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Summary of the results of substantial studies published on this topic. Studies were identified by Medline database search.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemostatic changes were described in all subsystems (in both procoagulant and fibrinolytic systems, in natural inhibitors of coagulation) and could be seen also in molecular marks of coagulation and fibrinolysis activity. Substantial differences were not described for ethinylestradiol doses 20-50 micrograms and up to 1997 also not for different progestins. More expressed acquired resistance to activated protein C at 3rd generation progestins in comparison with levonorgestrel was described recently as well as greater inhibition of fibrinolysis at desogestrel users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of recent studies indicate the differences in hemostatic changes between users of 3rd generation progestins, respective desogestrel, and users of levonorgestrel. However, the practical recommendations (aiming at minimalization of VTE risk) are focused on personal and family history and on patient counseling. The choice of progestin could be important but it is not crucial.
authors.affiliation: Oddĕlení klinické hematologie FN Hradec Králové.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dulícek
mesh_terms: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017135:Desogestrel