title: The gamma -secretase-cleaved C-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein mediates signaling to the nucleus.
abstract: Sequential processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases generates the Abeta peptide, a major constituent of the senile plaques observed in Alzheimer's disease. The cleavage by gamma-secretase also results in the cytoplasmic release of a 59- or 57-residue-long C-terminal fragment (Cgamma). This processing resembles regulated intramembrane proteolysis of transmembrane proteins such as Notch, where the released cytoplasmic fragments enter the nucleus and modulate gene expression. Here, we examined whether the analogous Cgamma fragments of APP also exert effects in the nucleus. We find that ectopically expressed Cgamma is present both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Interestingly, expression of Cgamma59 causes disappearance of PAT1, a protein that interacts with the APP cytoplasmic domain, from the nucleus and induces its proteosomal degradation. Treatment of cells with lactacystin prevents PAT1 degradation and retains its nuclear localization. By contrast, Cgamma57, a minor product of gamma-cleavage, is only marginally effective in PAT1 degradation. Furthermore, Cgamma59 but not Cgamma57 potently represses retinoic acid-responsive gene expression. Thus, our studies provide the evidence that, as predicted by the regulated intramembrane proteolysis mechanism, Cgamma seems to function in the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Pimplikar
mesh_terms: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006868:Hydrolysis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C103266:PAT1 protein, S cerevisiae; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D010450:Endopeptidases