title: A novel nitroimidazole compound formed during the reaction of peroxynitrite with 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-guanosine.
abstract: Peroxynitrite reacts with 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-guanosine to yield a novel compound identified as 1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole (6). This characterization was achieved using a combination of UV/vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS. Additionally, 1-(beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole (6a) was synthesized by an independent route, characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, ESI-MS, and (1)H- and (13)C NMR, and shown to be identical to deacetylated 6. This product is extremely stable in aqueous solution at both pH extremes and is formed in significant yields. These characteristics suggest that this lesion may be useful as a specific biomarker of peroxynitrite-induced DNA damage. We also observed formation of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-8-nitroguanosine (2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-8-NO(2)()Guo), 2-amino-5-[(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino]-4H-imidazol-4-one (2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-Iz), and the peroxynitrite-induced oxidation products of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-8-oxoGuo. The formation of 6 and 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-8-NO(2)()Guo was rationalized by a mechanism invoking formation of the guanine radical.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 56-731A, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Niles
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wishnok
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tannenbaum
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D004249:DNA Damage; D006151:Guanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: C444861:1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole; C444862:1-(erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole; D015415:Biomarkers; D009153:Mutagens; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D006151:Guanosine; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; C031872:triacetylguanosine