title: Depot-specific variation in protein-tyrosine phosphatase activities in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue: a potential contribution to differential insulin sensitivity.
abstract: Compared with the sc depot, omental (om) adipose tissue is relatively resistant to the metabolic actions of insulin. Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) modulate receptor kinase activation and signal transduction in insulin-sensitive tissues, and their activity is dependent on the reduced state of the cysteine thiol required for catalysis. Using a novel anaerobic technique to avoid air oxidation, we found that the mean endogenous PTPase activity was 2.1-fold higher in om compared with paired samples of sc adipose tissue (P < 0.003). The specific activity of PTP1B isolated under anaerobic conditions was also 41% higher in om adipose tissue (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the total PTPase activity from both adipose depots and the specific activity of PTP1B was increased by 42-71% after reduction in vitro with dithiothreitol, indicating that a major fraction of the cellular PTPase activity can be reactivated by sulfhydryl reduction. The mass of the insulin receptor beta-subunit and the PTPases PTP1B and leukocyte antigen related was not significantly different between the two adipose depots. These studies provide the first demonstration that endogenous PTPase activity, including PTP1B, is increased in om adipose tissue and may contribute to the relative insulin resistance of this fat depot. The finding that a substantial fraction of PTPase activity in human adipose tissue is present in a latent, oxidized form also suggests a potential means of in vivo regulation of these important cellular enzymes that modulate the insulin signaling cascade.
authors.affiliation: Dorrance H. Hamilton Research Laboratories, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffstedt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deeb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sedkova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zilbering
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009852:Omentum; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012867:Skin; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014404:Tubulin; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; C516607:PTPN1 protein, human; C516841:PTPRA protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4