title: Effect of novel filler particles on the mechanical and wear properties of dental composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the method of producing pre-polymerized fused-fiber filler modified composite (PP-FFMC) particles and the effectiveness of incorporating these novel filler particles into dental composites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fused-fiber filler (FFF) blocks were impregnated with composite by two different methods. Three-point flexure tests were utilized to determine which was more effective. In order to assess the effect of the addition of PP-FFMC particles, two Bis-GMA/TEGDMA based conventional composite compositions were utilized as baselines, to which the novel particles were added. Mechanical and wear tests were performed to determine the fracture toughness, biaxial flexure strength, and in vitro wear of the materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mechanical testing showed that the addition of PP-FFMC particles decreased the strength and toughness of the conventional composites. Wear tests indicated that addition of the same particles improved the wear behavior of the conventional composites. SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces indicated that the PP-FFMC particles were incorporated without creating porosity, and that fracture was transgranular through the reinforcing particles. Microscopic flaws observed in the novel particles are the likely explanation for the observed strength and toughness values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that PP-FFMC particles have the potential to improve the wear properties of dental composites, however, they adversely affect the fracture behavior. Existing processing techniques for these particles, which introduce imperfections, limit their current usefulness.
authors.affiliation: Curriculum in Applied and Materials Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ruddell
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004548:Elasticity; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019563:Mechanics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018583:Pliability; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C105220:PRIMM; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000537:Aluminum Oxide