title: Pathological evaluation of intervertebral disc tissue specimens after routine cervical and lumbar decompression. A cost-benefit analysis retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After decompression of cervical and lumbar nerve roots for radicular pain, pathological evaluation of the extracted disc material is commonly performed. Although histological examination rarely detects clinically significant unsuspected disease, it remains a common practice in most hospitals in the United States. To determine the cost-effectiveness of this routine practice, we conducted a retrospective study. The results are contained within this report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the University Neurosurgery database, we retrospectively identified 1,387 patients who had spinal decompression surgery (laminectomy and/or discectomy). These cases were broadly classified into routine and non-routine cases depending on the preoperative diagnosis. Benign and noninfectious cases were classified as routine; malignant and all other cases were classified as nonroutine. We reviewed the medical records and pathology reports of these routine and nonroutine cases in an attempt to study the efficacy of the pathological evaluation of the disc material. The cost-benefit value of histopathology in these cases was analyzed, retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all routine cases, the histopathology was consistent with benign disc disease and yielded no additional information that could have altered the treatment plan. In the nonroutine cases, however, histopathology was significant in the management of the patient. The cost factor for pathological study was the same for both case groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathological study of intervertebral disc specimens is cost beneficial only in cases with significant preoperative clinical diagnoses. Pathological evaluation of routine herniated nucleus pulposus extracted during decompressive surgeries is not warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010336:Pathology / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery