title: Antiretroviral treatment of central nervous system HIV-1 infection: a review.
abstract: HIV-1 infects the central nervous system (CNS) and it has been feared that the CNS may be a sanctuary site where HIV-1 could hide and continue to replicate despite otherwise effective antiretroviral treatment. Neurological HIV-1 related symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral load, intrathecal immunoactivation and CSF drug concentration measurements are considered in this review of antiretroviral treatment effects on CNS HIV-1 infection. We conclude that antiretroviral combination treatment regimens improve neurocognitive symptoms in HIV-1 infection and substantially lower CSF viral load. The threat of an increasing number of patients with neurological symptoms and continued HIV-1 replication in the brain despite otherwise effective antiretroviral therapy has not yet proved to be a problem. It is, however, important to keep this potential risk in mind, and more longitudinal prospective studies addressing the issue of antiretroviral treatment effects on CNS HIV-1 infection are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. magnus.gisslen@infect.gu.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gisslén
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hagberg
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000821:virology*; D002494:Central Nervous System Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents