title: ICCVAM evaluation of the murine local lymph node assay. The ICCVAM review process.
abstract: New test methods are being developed to improve the prediction of human and environmental risks and to benefit animal welfare by reducing, refining, and replacing animal use. Regulatory adoption of new test methods is often a complex and protracted process, requiring test method validation, regulatory acceptance, and implementation. Assessments of new test methods have not always been uniform within or among regulatory agencies. Thus, there have been increased pressures for a harmonized approach to test method evaluation and acceptance. In 1997, in response to these pressures and to U.S. Public Law 103-43, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) established the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) to coordinate interagency consideration of new and revised test methods. This article describes the validation and acceptance criteria and process used for the first test method evaluated by ICCVAM, the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). Based on ICCVAM's conclusions and recommendations, the LLNA has been accepted by U.S. regulatory agencies as a stand-alone assay for allergic contact dermatitis. Two related articles in this series of three present the results of the independent peer review evaluation of the LLNA and summarize the performance characteristics of the database substantiating the validity of the LLNA.
authors.affiliation: Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Experimental Toxicology Division, U.S. EPA, MD 92, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sailstad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hattan
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Stokes
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000592:standards; D006077:Government Agencies / Q000592:standards; D017408:Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D023441:Local Lymph Node Assay; D051379:Mice; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.) / Q000592:standards; D010380:Peer Review / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency / Q000592:standards; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000592:standards; D014489:United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration / Q000592:standards