title: Plasma leptin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the west of Scotland coronary prevention study (WOSCOPS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptin plays a role in fat metabolism and correlates with insulin resistance and other markers of the metabolic syndrome, independent of total adiposity. Therefore, we hypothesized that raised leptin levels may identify men at increased risk of a coronary event in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Methods and Results- Plasma leptin levels were measured at baseline in 377 men (cases) who subsequently experienced a coronary event and in 783 men (controls) who remained free of an event during the 5-year follow-up period of the study. Controls were matched to cases on the basis of age and smoking history and were representative of the entire WOSCOPS cohort. Leptin levels were significantly higher in cases than controls (5.87+/-2.04 ng/mL versus 5.04+/-2.09 ng/mL, P<0.001). In univariate analysis, for each 1 SD increase in leptin, the relative risk (RR) of an event increased by 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.43; P<0.001). There was minimal change in this RR with correction for body mass index (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.45; P=0.006) or with further correction for classic risk factors, including age, lipids, and systolic blood pressure (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.42; P=0.03). Leptin correlated with C-reactive protein (r=0.24, P<0.001) and, even with this variable added to the model, leptin retained significance as a predictor of coronary events (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.39; P=0.05) at the expense of C-reactive protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show, for the first time, in a large prospective study that leptin is a novel, independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Packard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaw
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol