title: Evasion of human innate and acquired immunity by a bacterial homolog of CD11b that inhibits opsonophagocytosis.
abstract: Microbial pathogens must evade the human immune system to survive, disseminate and cause disease. By proteome analysis of the bacterium Group A Streptococcus (GAS), we identified a secreted protein with homology to the alpha-subunit of Mac-1, a leukocyte beta2 integrin required for innate immunity to invading microbes. The GAS Mac-1-like protein (Mac) was secreted by most pathogenic strains, produced in log-phase and controlled by the covR-covS two-component gene regulatory system, which also regulates transcription of other GAS virulence factors. Patients with GAS infection had titers of antibody specific to Mac that correlated with the course of disease, demonstrating that Mac was produced in vivo. Mac bound to CD16 (FcgammaRIIIB) on the surface of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and inhibited opsonophagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species, which resulted in significantly decreased pathogen killing. Thus, by mimicking a host-cell receptor required for an innate immune response, the GAS Mac protein inhibits professional phagocyte function by a novel strategy that enhances pathogen survival, establishment of infection and dissemination.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: DeLeo
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hoe
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Federle
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Musser
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001665:Binding Sites; D003289:Convalescence; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000276:immunology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000276:immunology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016023:Integrins; C442815:Mac-1-like protein, Streptococcus; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017452:Receptors, IgG