title: Mental disorders and cause-specific mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of clinically diagnosed mental disorders on mortality in the general population has not been established. Aims To examine mental disorders for their prediction of cause-specific mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mental disorders were determined using the 36-item version of the General Health Questionnaire and the Present State Examination in a nationally representative sample of 8000 adult Finns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 17-year follow-up period 1597 deaths occurred. The presence of a mental disorder detected at baseline was associated with an elevated mortality rate. The relative risk in men was 1.6(95% confidence interval 1.3-1.8) and in women, 1.4 (95% Cl 1.2-1.6). In men and women with schizophrenia the relative risks of death during the follow-up period were 3.3 (95% Cl 2.3-4.9) and 2.3 (95% Cl 1.3-3.8) respectively, compared with the rest of the sample. In both men and women with schizophrenia the risk of dying of respiratory disease was increased, but the risk of dying of cardiovascular disease was increased only in men with neurotic depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia and depression are associated with an elevated risk of natural and unnatural deaths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. matti.joukamaa@oulu.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joukamaa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heliövaara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knekt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aromaa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raitasalo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lehtinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015996:Survival Rate