title: The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine the long-term effects of statins and antioxidant vitamins on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Lipid-lowering therapy and antioxidant vitamins improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation in young and middle-aged adults with hypercholesterolemia, but their effects in older adults are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were performed in individuals > or =70 years old with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > or =140 mg/dl. In the first study, 37 subjects were randomized to receive (group 1) pravastatin for six months then pravastatin and vitamin E for six additional months or (group 2) vitamin E for six months, then pravastatin and vitamin E for six additional months. In the second study, additional 17 subjects sequentially received simvastatin for six months, then simvastatin and vitamins C and E for six additional months. Flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery was measured by high-resolution ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, subjects in both studies were similar in age (mean +/- SD, 75.8 +/- 4.2 years), gender, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (261.6 +/- 37.4 mg/dl), LDL-C (180.3 +/- 28.1 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Flow-mediated vasodilation was severely impaired (2.2 +/- 3.9%). Both statins reduced total and LDL-C levels (p < 0.001); however, neither statin, antioxidant vitamin regimen nor the combination of statins and antioxidant vitamins improved flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery. At baseline, nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation also was impaired (10.7 +/- 5.6%) and did not change in either study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults with hypercholesterolemia have impaired flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery that does not improve after one year of therapy with statins and antioxidant vitamins, despite significant lipid-lowering.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. jhs@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papcke-Benson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Aeschlimann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bodemer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carnes
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: McBride
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014801:Vitamin A; D019821:Simvastatin; D017035:Pravastatin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid