title: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS398 preserves neuronal function after hypoxia/ischemia in piglets.
abstract: Anoxic stress attenuates NMDA-induced pial arteriolar dilation via a mechanism involving actions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examined whether the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 would protect neuronal function after global hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) in piglets. Pial arteriolar responses to NMDA (10-100 micromol/l) were determined using intravital microscopy in anesthetized piglets before and 1 h after H/I. Study groups received vehicle, 0.3, 1, or 5 mg/kg NS398, or 0.3 mg/kg indomethacin (n = 7, 6, 6, 5 and 8, respectively) i.v. 20 min prior to H/I. H/I reduced NMDA- induced dilation to 44 +/- 6% (100 micromol/l NMDA, mean +/- s.e.m.) of the pre-ischemic response in vehicle animals (p < 0.05). However, NS398 dose-dependently protected arteriolar dilation to NMDA (77 +/- 8, 81 +/- 16, and 102 +/- 10% preservation at 0.3, 1 and 5 mg/kg, respectively). Indomethacin caused similar preservation. However, indomethacin but not NS398 reduced serum thromboxane B(2) levels to undetectable values. In conclusion, COX-2 appears to be a major source of ROS in the piglet cerebral cortex after H/I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Investigative Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157-1010, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Domoki
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Perciaccante
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puskar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bari
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Busija
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D007213:Indomethacin