title: Intraoperative blood losses and transfusion requirements during adult liver transplantation remain difficult to predict.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify preoperative factors associated with high blood losses during liver transplantation for chronic end-stage liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and ten consecutive patients were included in this retrospective study. Blood losses were calculated, based on transfusion requirements. The population was divided into two groups: the upper quartile was defined as the high blood loss (HBL) group and the lower three quartiles as the low blood loss group. Fourteen preoperative variables were collected. Qualitative variables consisted of the type of hepatopathy, Child-Pugh's classification, sex, the surgical team's experience, previous abdominal surgery and portal hypertension. Quantitative variables were age, hemoglobin concentration Hb, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentration, fibrin degradation products (FDP) and euglobulin lysis time. Univariate analysis and stepwise multivariate analysis were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the HBL group required 12 units of red blood cell or more to maintain a Hb >/= 100g*L(-1). HBL was associated with severe liver disease, previous abdominal surgery, use of a venovenous bypass and little surgical experience in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). In the HBL group several hemostatic parameters were more disturbed before surgery. The multivariate analysis disclosed three independent variables associated with HBL: Hb and FDP concentrations and previous upper abdominal surgery. When combined, these resulted in a high specificity (98%) but low sensitivity to predict blood loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite our efforts we were unable to identify predictive risk factors of bleeding during OLT even in a homogeneous population. Centres should evaluate their practice individually in an attempt to identify patients at high risk of being transfused.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anaesthesia, and Transplantation, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg, France. Annick.Steib@chru-strasbourg.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steib
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Freys
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mahoudeau
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors