title: Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced thromboxane A(2) generation in human platelets requires coordinated signaling through integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) and ADP receptors.
abstract: Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a platelet agonist that causes platelet shape change and aggregation as well as generation of thromboxane A(2), another platelet agonist, through its effects on P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2X1 receptors. It is now reported that both 2-propylthio-D-beta gamma-dichloromethylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (AR-C67085), a P2Y12 receptor-selective antagonist, and adenosine-2'-phosphate-5'-phosphate (A2P5P), a P2Y1 receptor-selective antagonist, inhibited ADP-induced thromboxane A(2) generation in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that coactivation of the P2Y12 and P2Y1 receptors is essential for this event. SC49992, a fibrinogen receptor antagonist, blocked ADP-induced platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2) production in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, P2 receptor antagonists or SC49992 blocked ADP-induced arachidonic acid liberation. Whereas SC49992 blocked arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, it failed to inhibit thromboxane A(2) generation induced by arachidonic acid. Thus, ADP-induced arachidonic acid liberation, but not subsequent conversion to thromboxane A(2), requires outside-in signaling through the fibrinogen receptor. The Fab fragment of ligand-induced binding site-6 (LIBS6) antibody, which induces a fibrinogen-binding site on the integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), caused both platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2) generation. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Syk, Src kinases, or protein tyrosine phosphatases inhibited platelet aggregation but not thromboxane A(2) generation, indicating that these signaling molecules have no significant role in phospholipase A(2) activation. In the presence of P2 receptor antagonists A2P5P or AR-C67085, LIBS6 failed to generate thromboxane A(2), suggesting that inside-out signaling through ADP receptors is necessary for this event. It was concluded that both outside-in signaling from the fibrinogen receptor and inside-out signaling from the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors are necessary for phospholipase A(2) activation, resulting in arachidonic acid liberation and thromboxane A(2) generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Quinton
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rittenhouse
authors.forename: Satya P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kunapuli
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C074050:8-guanidino-octanoyl-Asp-Phe; D004151:Dipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C096709:FPL 67085; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C546382:P2RY1 protein, human; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005340:Fibrinogen; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D010741:Phospholipases A; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases