title: Potentially inappropriate medication use in the community-dwelling elderly: findings from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inappropriate medication use is a major patient safety concern, especially for the elderly population. Using explicit criteria, prior studies have found that 23.5% and 17.5% of the US community-dwelling elderly population used at least 1 of 20 potentially inappropriate medications in 1987 and 1992, respectively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in community-dwelling elderly persons in 1996, to assess trends over 10 years, categorize inappropriate medication use according to explicit criteria, and to examine risk factors for inappropriate medication use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents aged 65 years or older (n = 2455) to the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative survey of the US noninstitutionalized population were included. A 7-member expert panel was convened to categorize inappropriate medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of use of 33 potentially inappropriate medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1996, 21.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.5%-23.1%) of community-dwelling elderly patients in the United States received at least 1 of 33 potentially inappropriate medications. Using the expert panel's classifications, about 2.6% of elderly patients (95% CI, 2.0%-3.2%) used at least 1 of the 11 medications that should always be avoided by elderly patients; 9.1% (95% CI, 7.9%-10.3%) used at least 1 of the 8 that would rarely be appropriate; and 13.3% (95% CI, 11.7%-14.9%) used at least 1 of the 14 medications that have some indications but are often misused. Use of some inappropriate medications declined between 1987 and 1996. Persons with poor health and more prescriptions had a significantly higher risk of inappropriate medication use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall inappropriate medication use in elderly patients remains a serious problem. Despite challenges in using explicit criteria for assessing inappropriate medications for elderly patients, such criteria can be applied to population-based surveys to identify opportunities to improve quality of care and patient safety. Enhancements of existing data sources to include dosage, duration, and indication may augment national improvement and monitoring efforts.
authors.affiliation: Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 6011 Executive Blvd, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. czhan@ahrq.gov
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sangl
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bierman
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wickizer
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000075202:Contraindications; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations