Post-translational protein translocation into thylakoids by the Sec and DeltapH-dependent pathways.
Two distinct protein translocation pathways that employ hydrophobic signal peptides function in the plant thylakoid membrane. These two systems are precursor specific and distinguished by their energy and component requirements. Recent studies have shown that one pathway is homologous to the bacterial general export system called Sec. The other one, called the DeltapH-dependent pathway, was originally considered to be unique to plant thylakoids. However, it is now known that homologous transport systems are widely present in prokaryotes and even present in archaea. Here we review these protein transport pathways and discuss their capabilities and mechanisms of operation.
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Horticultural Sciences and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, 1137 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D021381:Protein Transport; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism*
D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; C109236:Hcf106 protein, plant; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; C120444:Tha4 protein, plant; C064388:oxygen-evolving complex, 33 kDa protein