title: Is Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma a surgical disease? An old problem revisited with reference to the result of peritoneal washing cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Borrmann type IV gastric carcinoma (B-4) remains a disease with poor prognosis despite an aggressive surgical approach. Cytology examination of the peritoneal washes is an established prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma in general, and may be useful for identifying adequate treatment strategy for B-4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathologic data from 70 patients with B-4 who underwent laparotomy and peritoneal washing cytology during the recent 6 years were retrieved from a prospective computer database and reviewed. Prognostic significance of the cytology examination along with other known clinicopathologic variables was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term survivors were observed only among the patients who were treated with curative R0 resection. Prognosis of the patients with positive cytology and no other residual disease (R1) was extremely poor and was equivalent to that of the patients undergoing noncurative R2 resection. No difference in survival, either, was observed between the patients treated by R2 resection and those who did not undergo resection. Multivariate analysis identified cytology examination as an independent prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peritoneal washing cytology plays an important role in staging B4. Positive cytology findings as well as other evidence of disseminated disease may indicate that gastrectomy should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. ykodera@mvi.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodera
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanemitsu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology*; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis