title: Single-cell analysis of cytokine production shows different immune profiles in multiple sclerosis patients with active or quiescent disease.
abstract: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were stimulated with myelin basic protein (MBP) together with anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody and staphylococcal enterotoxin B to optimize cytokine production by antigen-specific cells. Type 1 (IL-2, IL-12, IFNgamma) and pro-inflammatory (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) cytokines were augmented in CD4+, CD8+, and CD14+ cells of acute MS patients and of patients undergoing disease reactivation. These cytokines were reduced in IFNbeta-treated and in stable MS patients; type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) were increased in these patients. Similar immune profiles are seen in MS patients in whom remission is naturally or pharmacologically (IFNbeta) achieved. Cytokine alterations are particularly evident in CD14+ cells, underlying their critical role in the modulation of the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Immunologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, DISP LITA Vialba, Via G.B. Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy. mago@mailserver.unimi.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clerici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saresella
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trabattoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Speciale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruzzante
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavaretta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrante
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D016899:Interferon-beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma