title: Apparent diffusion coefficients and T2 relaxation time measurements to evaluate disc degeneration. A quantitative MR study of young patients with previous vertebral fracture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the suitability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements to evaluate degeneration processes of the vertebral disc and to compare the results with T2 relaxation time measurements in both degenerated and normal intervertebral discs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen young patients (8.8-20.8 years old) who had had a vertebral compression fracture at least 1 year earlier, underwent MR studies with diffusion imaging in three orthogonal directions and T2 relaxation time measurements. ADC values and T2 relaxation times of both degenerated and normal intervertebral discs were compared to the values of 20 healthy young asymptomatic control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the degenerated discs of patients, the ADCx and ADCy values were decreased compared to earlier determined values of healthy controls. ADC values in the z-direction in degenerated discs did not differ significantly from the values of controls. T2 relaxation times were shorter in the degenerated discs of patients compared to the values of controls. The greatest changes in both these values were observed in degenerated discs followed by discs with normal signal intensity adjacent to primary trauma area and secondary trauma area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that decreased ADC values reflect the lost integrity of the intervertebral disc. ADC measurements at MR may prove sensitive depicting of early degenerative changes in vertebral discs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kerttula
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurunlahti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jauhiainen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koivula
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oikarinen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tervonen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors