title: Evaluation of a leaf position optimization tool for intensity modulated radiation therapy of head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since 1996, patients are treated at Ghent University Hospital with a multi-segment technique using MultiLeaf Collimators. The segments were obtained by using the Beam's eye view projections of the planning target volume (PTV) and the organs at risk (OARs), after which the segments weights were optimized. To investigate if optimization of the leaf positions would further improve the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans, a tool optimizing leaf positions and segment weights simultaneously, was developed. This tool is called SOWAT, which is the acronym for segment outline and weight adapting tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tool evaluates the effects of changing the position of each collimating leaf of all segments on the value of the objective function. Only changes that improve the value of the objective function are retained. Between December 1999 and January 2001, 30 head and neck patients were treated with IMRT. Two patient groups were distinguished: pharyngeal and laryngeal tumors (n=17) and sinonasal tumors (n=13). A specific set of physical endpoints was evaluated for each group. Dose statistics of the treatment plans without and with SOWAT were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When using SOWAT for the pharyngeal and laryngeal cases, the PTV dose homogeneity increased with a median of 11% (range 2-27%), while the maximum dose to the spinal cord was decreased for 14 of the 17 patients. In four plans where parotid function preservation was a goal, the parotid mean dose was lower than 26 Gy in one plan without SOWAT, and in four plans with SOWAT. For the sinonasal tumors, the PTV dose homogeneity increased with a median of 7% (range 1-14%). SOWAT lowered the mean dose to 53 of the 63 optic pathway structures (retina, optic nerve and optic chiasm). SOWAT leaves the number of segments unchanged and has little or no effect on the delivery time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SOWAT is a powerful tool to perform the final optimization of IMRT plans, without increasing the complexity of the plan or the delivery time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital (GUH), De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Claus
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Gersem
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vanhoutte
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duthoy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Remouchamps
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Wagter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Neve
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*