title: Induction of apoptosis by diallyl disulfide through activation of caspase-3 in human leukemia HL-60 cells.
abstract: Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a component of garlic (Allium sativum), has been known to exert potent chemopreventative activity against colon, lung, and skin cancers. However, its molecular mechanism of action is still obscure. The present study demonstrated that DADS induces apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with an IC50 for cell viability of less than 25 microM. DADS activated caspase-3 as evidenced by both the proteolytic cleavage of the proenzyme and increased protease activity. Activation of caspase-3 was maximal at 3 hr and led to the cleavage of 116 kDa poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), resulting in the accumulation of an 85 kDa cleavage product. Both activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP were blocked by pretreatment with either antioxidants or a caspase-3 inhibitor, but not a caspase-1 inhibitor. DADS increased the production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide, which was blocked by preincubation with catalase. These results indicate that DADS-induced apoptosis is triggered by the generation of hydrogen peroxide, activation of caspase-3, degradation of PARP, and fragmentation of DNA. The induction of apoptosis by DADS may be the pivotal mechanism by which its chemopreventative action against cancer is based.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 570-749, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Beom
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Do-Gon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jeong-Yeh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hye-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: Jong-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyung-Rho
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004220:Disulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004220:Disulfides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C028009:diallyl disulfide; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases