title: Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibits macrophage cholesteryl ester accumulation induced by native and oxidized VLDL remnants.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) is secreted by various cells, including macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. TGF-beta1 is present in atherosclerotic lesions, but its role in regulating macrophage foam cell formation is not understood. Hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants (VLDL-REMs) in their native or oxidized form will induce cholesteryl ester (CE) and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in macrophages. Therefore, we examined whether TGF-beta1 can modulate the macrophage uptake of native or oxidized VLDL-REMs (oxVLDL-REMs). Incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with VLDL-REMs and oxVLDL-REMs compared with control cells increased cellular CE (13- and 21-fold, respectively) and TG mass (21-and 18-fold, respectively). Preincubation with TGF-beta1 before incubation with VLDL-REMs or oxVLDL-REMs significantly decreased CE (73% and 54%, respectively) and TG mass (42% and 41%, respectively). TGF-beta1 inhibited the activity and expression of 2 key components needed for VLDL-REM uptake: lipoprotein lipase and low density lipoprotein receptor. TGF-beta1 inhibited CE mass induced by oxVLDL-REMs in part by decreasing the expression of scavenger receptor type AI/II and CD36. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 enhanced cholesterol efflux through upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Thus, TGF-beta1 inhibits macrophage foam cell formation induced by VLDL-REMs or oxVLDL-REMs, which suggests an antiatherogenic role for this cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Argmann
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Van Den Diepstraten
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sawyez
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Huff
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; C419353:ABCG1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase