title: Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas from the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An association between Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) has been made in several European countries. The evidence in favor of such an association has recently been based on more definitive tests for the pathogenetic role of B. burgdorferi in CBCL, including positive cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of borrelial DNA from lesional skin. However, there is only one report of B. burgdorferi in four North American cases of B-cell lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrieved 38 cases of primary and secondary CBCL from different geographic regions of the United States. Two separate techniques were used to detect borrelial DNA by PCR, a nested PCR method to amplify a B. burgdorferi-specific gene as well as a borrelial chromosomal Ly-1 clone amplification method. Southern blot hybridization was used for confirmation of the PCR results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No B. burgdorferi-specific DNA was detected in any of the 38 CBCL cases, whereas detectable PCR products were obtained with our positive controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings, in light of previous studies, suggest that B. burgdorferi plays a minimal role in the development or pathogenesis of CBCL in the United States. The findings also suggest that the geographic variations in the clinical manifestations of B. burgdorferi are indeed real and may be secondary to the genetic and phenotypic differences between B. burgdorferi strains present in Europe and North America.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Wisconsin and the Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. gsw@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guitart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heald
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Smoller
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cerroni
mesh_terms: D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde