title: Interaction between krit1 and icap1alpha infers perturbation of integrin beta1-mediated angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformation.
abstract: Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a common autosomal dominant disorder characterized by venous sinusoids that predispose to intracranial hemorrhage. CCM is genetically heterogeneous, with loci at 7q, 7p and 3q. Mutations in KRIT1 account for all cases linked to 7q (CCM1), but the pathogenesis of CCM is not understood. Krev Interaction Trapped 1 (krit1) was originally identified through its interaction with the Ras-family GTPase krev1/rap1a in a two-hybrid screen, inferring a role in GTPase signaling cascades. We demonstrated additional 5'-coding exons for krit1, extending the N-terminus by 207 amino acids compared to the previously reported protein. Remarkably, by two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation, full-length krit1 fails to interact with krev1/rap1a but shows strong interaction with integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 (icap1). Icap1 binds to a NPXY motif in the cytoplasmic domain of beta1 integrin and participates in beta1-mediated cell adhesion and migration. The novel N-terminus of krit1 contains a NPXY motif that it is required for icap1 interaction. Like beta1 integrin, krit1 interacts with the 200 amino acid isoform of icap1 (icap1alpha), but not a 150 amino acid form that results from alternative splicing (icap1beta). In a competition assay, induced expression of krit1 diminishes the interaction between icap1alpha and beta1 integrin. Taken together, these data suggest that beta1 integrin and krit1 compete for the same site on icap1alpha, perhaps constituting a regulatory mechanism. Loss-of-function KRIT1 mutations, as observed in CCM1, would shift the balance with predicted consequences for endothelial cell performance during integrin beta1-dependent angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clatterbuck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigamonti
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Dietz
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000002:abnormalities; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000075927:KRIT1 Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; C108257:ITGB1BP1 protein, human; D019012:Integrin beta1; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000075927:KRIT1 Protein; C107928:KRIT1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins