title: Context processing in older adults: evidence for a theory relating cognitive control to neurobiology in healthy aging.
abstract: A theory of cognitive aging is presented in which healthy older adults are hypothesized to suffer from disturbances in the processing of context that impair cognitive control function across multiple domains, including attention, inhibition, and working memory. These cognitive disturbances are postulated to be directly related to age-related decline in the function of the dopamine (DA) system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). A connectionist computational model is described that implements specific mechanisms for the role of DA and PFC in context processing. The behavioral predictions of the model were tested in a large sample of older (N = 81) and young (N = 175) adults performing variants of a simple cognitive control task that placed differential demands on context processing. Older adults exhibited both performance decrements and, counterintuitively, performance improvements that are in close agreement with model predictions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA. tbraver@artsci.wustl.edu
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Braver
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barch
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Keys
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Janowsky
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yesavage
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mumenthaler
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jagust
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011582:Psychological Theory
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine