title: The evaluation of aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion for photodamage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion has recently become popular for facial rejuvenation. Although it is a widely used technique with perceptible benefits, the clinical efficacy on photodamaged skin has yet to be established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure and quantify the effect of microdermabrasion on photodamaged skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects underwent one treatment a week for five to six treatments. Skin surface roughness, topography, elasticity, stiffness, compliance, temperature, sebum content, and histology were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjectively, seven patients noticed a mild improvement. Physician analysis of clinical photography indicated mild improvement in the majority of patients. Objectively, immediately following treatment skin temperature increased, sebum content decreased, and a temporary increase in skin roughness and mild flattening of some wrinkles occurred. Dynamic skin analysis demonstrated a perceptible decrease in skin stiffness and an increase in skin compliance. Histology showed slight orthokeratosis and flattening of rete ridges and a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate, edema, and vascular ectasia in the upper reticular dermis 1 week after completion of the series of treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediately following the procedure, changes occurring in skin characteristics can be measured that are consistent with mild abrasion and increased blood flow. Objective biomechanical analysis demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in skin stiffness and an increase in skin compliance consistent with persistent edema. Subjectively, patients and physicians report a mild improvement in the majority of subjects. Histology showed dramatic vascular changes in the reticular dermis below the level of direct abrasion. The effect of negative pressure may result in these vascular changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ajmeri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skover
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D003869:Dermabrasion / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015595:Skin Aging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000537:Aluminum Oxide