title: Pathological changes of renal epithelial cells in mice transgenic for the TT virus ORF1 gene.
abstract: TT virus (TTV) is a newly identified human DNA virus of the family Circoviridae. Its genome consists of six putative open reading frames (ORFs). TTV was isolated originally from a patient with cryptogenic hepatitis and the association of TTV with hepatitis has been studied extensively, while its significance in other diseases is unknown. To examine the pathogenicity of TTV, mice transgenic for the ORF genes in various combinations were produced. A total of 11 independent founder mice was produced: two mice, which were found to carry the ORF1 gene, showed pathological changes in the kidney; other tissues were not affected. In these mice, the transgene was expressed most strongly in the kidney and the transcript was shown to be spliced to encode a protamine-like, highly basic protein. Mice from a line with high transgene expression developed renal failure with severe renal epithelial cell abnormalities resembling those seen in humans with nephrotic syndrome. The transgenic mice with severe ascites died before reaching the age of 5 weeks. Another founder mouse with low expression levels also showed similar, but milder, renal epithelial cell changes, indicating that these effects were not caused by the insertion of the transgene, but, rather, were caused by the ORF1 gene product. These observations suggest that TTV affects renal epithelial cells as part of the naturally occurring infection.
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan1.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan2.|Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan1.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Immunology Division and Division of Molecular Virology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi-Ken, Japan3.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan1.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwakura
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000821:virology; D002455:Cell Division; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000502:physiology*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C446939:ORF1 protein, TT virus; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins