title: Contribution of cerebral nitric oxide to bladder overactivity after cerebral infarction in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the contribution of cerebral nitric oxide to neurogenic voiding dysfunction after cerebral infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The left mid cerebral artery in female Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded with 4-zero monofilament nylon thread. Bladder activity was monitored during infusion cystometrography. Time or dose dependent effects of intracerebral ventricular administration of the nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), were investigated in conscious, sham operated and cerebral infarcted rats. The selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole was also administered to determine the participation of nitric oxide synthase subtypes. Cross-sectional infarct area was measured and infarct volume was calculated 12 hours after mid cerebral artery occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bladder capacity was reduced by 54% 30 minutes after mid cerebral artery occlusion. L-NAME significantly increased bladder capacity in a dose and time dependent manner in cerebral infarcted rats but had no effect on sham operated rats. L-NAME (50 microg./kg.) administered 3 or 5 hours after occlusion significantly increased bladder capacity. This effect of L-NAME was reversed by injecting 250 microg. L-arginine per rat, which alone did not produce any significant change in bladder capacity in cerebral infarcted rats. Administration of 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole also significantly increased bladder capacity in these rats. On the other hand, 5 microg. of the nitric oxide donor FK-409 per rat reduced bladder capacity for 10 to 15 minutes. None of the drugs affected infarct volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that supraspinal nitric oxide has an important role in bladder overactivity after cerebral infarction but it does not affect normal micturition in rats. This finding suggests a central mechanism sensitive to nitric oxide for bladder overactivity after cerebral infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ichikawa 920-8641, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yotsuyanagi
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niikura
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namiki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C061872:FK 409; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester