title: Radiation protection using Martian surface materials in human exploration of Mars.
abstract: To develop materials for shielding astronauts from the hazards of GCR, natural Martian surface materials are considered for their potential as radiation shielding for manned Mars missions. The modified radiation fluences behind various kinds of Martian rocks and regolith are determined by solving the Boltzmann equation using NASA Langley's HZETRN code along with the 1977 Solar Minimum galactic cosmic ray environmental model. To develop structural shielding composite materials for Martian surface habitats, theoretical predictions of the shielding properties of Martian regolith/polyimide composites has been computed to assess their shielding effectiveness. Adding high-performance polymer binders to Martian regolith to enhance structural properties also enhances the shielding properties of these composites because of the added hydrogenous constituents. Heavy ion beam testing of regolith simulant/polyimide composites is planned to validate this prediction. Characterization and proton beam tests are performed to measure structural properties and to compare the shielding effects on microelectronic devices, respectively.
authors.affiliation: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA. m.y.kim@larc.nasa.gov
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thibeault
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heilbronn
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Weakley
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dueber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fogarty
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilkins
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006801:Humans; D018535:Mars; D011522:Protons; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000528:radiation effects; D012987:Soil; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012987:Soil; C029945:polyimide resin