title: Clinical effectiveness of essential oil-containing dentifrices in controlling oral malodor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of two essential oil-containing dentifrices in the reduction of human intrinsic oral malodor ("morning bad breath").
  
  
  METHODS
  Two clinical trials were conducted which used observer-blind, negative control, parallel designs. To insure a homogeneous test population with similar oral odor characteristics, subjects followed instructions that included toothbrushing with a standard ADA-accepted fluoride dentifrice the night before. On odor evaluation days, subjects refrained from all oral hygiene procedures and from eating or drinking any food or beverage or smoking prior to and during the odor evaluations. Eighty healthy adult subjects in the first trial and 90 in the second trial with qualifying baseline levels of oral malodor participated. Odor ratings of each subject's breath were made by 4-5 trained judges using a nine point hedonic scale, i.e., 1 = most pleasant, 5 = neutral, 9 = most unpleasant. Qualifying subjects were randomly assigned one of two essential oil dentifrices or a negative control dentifrice. Subjects brushed with their assigned dentifrice for 60 s, rinsed with 20 ml of water for 10 s, and received post-treatment hedonic odor ratings at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min. Data were analyzed using an ANCOVA to adjust for baseline scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The essential oil dentifrices were significantly more effective (P < or = 0.033) than the control in reducing intrinsic oral malodor from 90 to 120 min.
authors.affiliation: The Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Division of the Warner-Lambert Consumer Group of Pfizer, Morris Plains, NJ 07950, USA. arnold.olshan@wl.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Olshan
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kohut
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Borden
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qaqish
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006209:Halitosis / Q000145:classification / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014099:Toothbrushing; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003802:Dentifrices; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D019343:Citric Acid