title: Antipsychotic medication adherence: is there a difference between typical and atypical agents?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacy refill records were used to compare medication adherence in outpatient veterans receiving typical versus atypical antipsychotic medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients meeting selection criteria and receiving prescriptions for haloperidol (N=57), perphenazine (N=60), risperidone (N=80), olanzapine (N=63), and quetiapine (N=28) over a 3-month period were identified from a computerized database. The hospital policy at the time of this study required failure in trials of at least two typical antipsychotics before initiation of an atypical agent. Patients' adherence with the antipsychotic regimen was calculated by analyzing refill records for up to 12 months. The cumulative mean gap ratio (the number of days when medication was unavailable in relation to the total number of days) and the compliant fill rate (the number of prescription fills indicating adherence in relation to the total number of prescription fills) at 6 and 12 months were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherence rates at 6 and 12 months were moderately higher in patients who received atypical antipsychotics than in those who received typical agents. Cumulative mean gap ratios were 23.2% for typical and 14.1% for atypical antipsychotics at 12 months; thus, patients who received typical agents were without medication for an average of 7 days per month, compared with 4 days per month for those who received atypical agents. At 12 months, compliant fill rates were 50.1% for typical and 54.9% for atypical antipsychotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions to improve adherence are warranted even for patients who receive atypical antipsychotic medications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego 92161, USA. cdolder@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Dolder
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lacro
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Dilip V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jeste
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents