title: Excellent long-term outcome for survivors of apple peel atresia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apple peel atresia is the rarest type of small bowel atresia. Because of its rare occurrence and high mortality rate, little is known about the long-term outcome of these children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient charts, operative reports, and office notes of 15 children with apple peel atresia from 6 pediatric surgical centers in the Netherlands were reviewed. Long-term follow-up was assessed through review of office notes and through questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at the time of operation was 1.5 days. Postoperatively, 53% suffered from cholestasis, and 40% were septic. Three patients died (20%). At follow-up at a median age of 24 months, 1 child showed growth retardation and 2 children suffered from short bowel syndrome. At the time of the questionnaire, all children showed normal growth and development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though children with apple peel atresia often suffer serious morbidity like short bowel syndrome and sepsis during the postoperative course, late morbidity turned out to be low. If the patients survive the operative and direct postoperative period, and survive the morbidity associated with malnutrition and the long-term use of total parenteral nutrition, they have a good chance of having normal bowel function with normal growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam, Nijmegen, Rotterdam, Maastricht, Groningen, and Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Festen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brevoord
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Goldhoorn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Festen
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Hazebroek
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: van Heurn
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: de Langen
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: van Der Zee
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Aronson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007409:Intestinal Atresia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D007583:Jejunum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D017741:Survivors