title: Alternative techniques for the treatment of colon carcinoma metastases in the liver: current status in The Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Review of current treatment modalities for liver metastases resulting from colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increasing number of techniques are available for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. When it is not possible to use the current gold standard, radical surgical resection, many patients can be treated with alternative techniques. Chemotherapy in its present form must be considered as purely palliative, perhaps with the exclusion of isolated liver perfusion: however, this therapy should still be considered as experimental. Most other possible treatments focus on local destruction of the metastases. This can be achieved using either immuno-guided techniques (tumor antibodies which carry a local active agent), direct local application of a toxic agent (injection) or thermo therapy, which has been applied in patients on a large scale. Thermo therapy involves either localized heating, by means or laser photocoagulation or radiofrequency or microwave ablation, or localized freezing using cryo probes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local destruction of liver metastases, especially by means of thermo therapy, is feasible and safe. Currently, cryotherapy is most frequently used in patients. New treatment modalities, such as radiofrequency ablation, arc very promising but their true clinical value should be determined in a randomized clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands. JW.Greve@Surgery.azm.nl
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Greve
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D017679:Cryotherapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010166:Palliative Care
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents