[Beginnings of the study of Western sciences, "Rangaku," in Kyoto and Osaka in close relations with the Edo school].
Beginnings of the study of Western sciences, "Rangaku," in Kyoto and Osaka in the late 18th century are reviewed. Profiles and achievements of several active learners are briefly described; they include Koishi Genzui (Osaka-Kyoto), Tsuji Ranshitsu (Kyoto), Kimura Kenkadō (Osaka), and Hashimoto Sōkichi (Osaka). Genzui, after having successfully made good relations with Sugita Genpaku and Ohtsuki Gentaku, leading masters of the Edo school, played a role of an advocator for promoting "Rangaku" in Osaka and Kyoto. As a result, Kenkadō attained the publication of his book "Ikkaku Sankō," a monograph of the Western crude drug unicorn, with the help of Gentaku, who had translated a Dutch reference into Japanese for him. Ranshitsu and Sōkichi were taught the Dutch language by Gentaku; Sōkichi is known as the founder of "Rangaku" in Osaka.
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D049671:History, 18th Century; D007564:Japan; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000266:history*; D009426:Netherlands; D011643:Publishing / Q000266:history*; D012586:Science / Q000193:education* / Q000266:history*; D019366:Western World / Q000266:history*