title: Efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of cetirizine and prolonged-release pseudoephedrine versus xylometazoline nasal spray in nasal congestion.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the decongestant properties and tolerability of the sympathomimetic xylometazoline hydrochloride 0.1% (CAS 1218-35-5, XMZ) and an oral formulation of cetirizine hydrochloride 5 mg and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 120 mg (CAS 83881-51-0 and 90-82-4, CTZ/PSE; Cirrus). Thirty-six asymptomatic patients suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis from house dust mite were randomized to this open two-period crossover study. Patients received the study medications for four days each. In each period, treatments were taken twice a day. On day 1 in each period, immediately after the first dose of medication, patients were challenged with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract 1 in the Vienna Challenge Chamber for 5 h. Primary efficacy parameters were nasal congestion evaluated by digital analysis of nasal cavity photographs and nasal airflow. Furthermore amounts of nasal secretions, nasal and ocular symptoms were recorded. In addition, 5 independent Ear-Nose-Throat specialists also assessed nasal cavity photographs. Statistical analyses were conducted at the 5% level of significance. Digital analysis of the nasal cavity photographs as well as nasal airflow measurements did not differentiate XMZ from CTZ/PSE. Ratings of the photographs of the nasal cavity emphasized the rapid onset of XMZ. No clinically relevant adverse events were recorded. This rapid onset of action but short-lived effect of topical xylometazoline 0.1% should be balanced against the consistent and prolonged effect of systemic cetirizine/pseudoephedrine combination in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis as no significant differences between these 2 medications were noted regarding their decongestant properties. With the exception of nasal obstruction, all subjective symptoms as well as the global condition were significantly better under CTZ/PSE. Amounts of nasal secretions during these sessions were significantly lower with CTZ/PSE.
authors.affiliation: Ear-Nose-Throat University Clinic, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Stübner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: U E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burtin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horak
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D017332:Cetirizine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D004809:Ephedrine; C009695:xylometazoline; D017332:Cetirizine