title: Azithromycin prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: evaluation of a provincial program.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease was evaluated in a provincial program of azithromycin prophylaxis. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was prescribed to 383 (65%) of 587 patients eligible for MAC prophylaxis (CD4 <75 cells/mm3). By use of an intent-to-treat analysis, MAC disease was observed in 21 of 271 patients who did not receive prophylaxis (incidence rate, 8 events per 100 person-years). MAC events occurred in 10 of 316 patients who received azithromycin (2.37 events per 100 person-years). Localized lymphadenitis compatible with immune reconstitution disease accounted for 23% of all MAC events, in contrast to studies in the pre-HAART era, where almost all cases were disseminated. None of the MAC isolates from the 10 prophylaxis failures were resistant to azithromycin. Azithromycin appeared to be protective against disseminated MAC in patients who were either unresponsive or nonadherent to HAART, but it did not prevent the development of immune reconstitution disease due to MAC.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. pphils@hivnet.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bessuille
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Shaughnessy
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montaner
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin