[Peripheral and central nervous system stimulation in chronic therapy-resistant pain. Background, hypothetical mechanisms and clinical experiences].
Severe neurogenic pain still constitutes a major problem since it is often resistant to conventional therapy. During the last 30 years electric activation of pain inhibitory mechanisms through stimulation both of peripheral nerves and of central nervous circuits has been used to great advantage. The simplest method of stimulation, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), is extensively used by physiotherapists as well as in pain clinics. The patient should always get his own stimulator for use at home. TENS originally served as a screening method to identify patients suitable for spinal cord stimulation therapy (SCS). The main indication is severe neuropathic pain of peripheral origin, but SCS has also been found valuable in extremity ischemia as well as in refractory angina pectoris. The most severe cases of neuropathic pain may benefit from intracranial stimulation via electrodes placed stereotactically in the posteromedial thalamus or epidurally over the motor cortex.
Linderoth
B
B
Neurokirurgiska kliniken, Karolinska sjukhuset, Stockholm. bengt.linderoth@ks.se
Meyerson
B
B
D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D008488:Medical Illustration; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011859:Radiography; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
Perifer och centralnervös stimulering vid kronisk terapiresistent smärta. Bakgrund, hypotetiska mekanismer och kliniska erfarenheter.