title: Risk of steroid withdrawal in pediatric renal transplant patients with suspected steroid toxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucocorticoids are still a cornerstone in immunosuppressive regimens in pediatric patients after renal transplantation (Tx). Due to the side effects, steroid withdrawal may significantly improve the appearance and growth of children with renal grafts, but bears a substantial risk for late rejections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether exclusion of subclinical acute rejection by renal histology in combination with a prolonged steroid withdrawal period is predictive of a successful outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten children (5 females) with a median age of 12.3 (range 7.9-20.9) years and 1.8 (0.7-7.5) years after Tx with a stable graft function and a median calculated creatinine clearance (C(Cr)) of 71 (60.5-99.7) ml/min/1.73 m2 were included. All patients showed steroid toxicity signs. Immunosuppressive regimen included low-dose steroids (median 2.72 mg/m2) in all patients, in addition to cyclosporin A (CsA) and azathioprine in 8, CsA on its own and CsA combined with mycophenolate mofetil in one patient each. A graft biopsy was performed in 8 patients prior to the start of steroid withdrawal, which was done over a median period of 6 months. Renal function was calculated as creatinine clearance using the Schwartz formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the biopsied grafts showed histologic signs of rejection. Cyclosporin A dosage and trough levels were not significantly different before and after steroid withdrawal. While steroid side effects improved in most of the patients after withdrawal, C(Cr) decreased significantly within a median observation time of 42 (11.4-49.3) months. This decrease was due to loss of renal function in 4 patients who had biopsy-proven rejection episodes at 21.6 (8.1-29.9) months after the start of steroid withdrawal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Slow steroid withdrawal in pediatric Tx patients using conventional immunosuppression reduces side effects, but bears a high risk of late rejection. A pre-withdrawal renal biopsy was not useful for the prediction of successful steroid withdrawal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Philips University of Marburg, Germany. klaus@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klaus
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jeck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soergel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011282:Pregnenediones; D003404:Creatinine; C021988:deflazacort; D008775:Methylprednisolone