title: UDP acts as a growth factor for vascular smooth muscle cells by activation of P2Y(6) receptors.
abstract: Mitogenic effects of the extracellular nucleotides ATP and UTP are mediated by P2Y(1), P2Y(2), and P2Y(4) receptors. However, it has not been possible to examine the highly expressed UDP-sensitive P2Y(6) receptor because of the lack of stable, selective agonists. In rat aorta smooth muscle cells (vascular smooth muscle cells; VSMC), UDP and UTP stimulated (3)H-labeled thymidine incorporation with similar pEC(50) values (5.96 and 5.69). Addition of hexokinase did not reduce the mitogenic effect of UDP. In cells transfected with P2Y receptors the stable pyrimidine agonist uridine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (UDPbetaS) was specific for P2Y(6) with no effect on P2Y(1), P2Y(2), or P2Y(4) receptors. UDPbetaS stimulated [(3)H]thymidine and [(3)H]leucine incorporation and increased cell number in VSMC. Flow cytometry demonstrated that UDP stimulated cell cycle progression to both the S and G(2) phases. The intracellular signal pathways were dependent on phospholipase C, possibly protein kinase C-delta, and a tyrosine kinase pathway but independent of G(i) proteins, eicosanoids, and protein kinase A. The half-life of P2Y(6) receptor mRNA was <1 h by competitive RT-PCR. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD-098059 significantly suppressed, whereas ATP and interleukin-1beta upregulated, expression of P2Y(6) receptor mRNA. The results demonstrate that UDP stimulates mitogenesis through activation of P2Y(6) receptors and that the receptor is regulated by factors important in the development of vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mingyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: T Kendall
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baldetorp
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazarowski
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pendergast
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edvinsson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erlinge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013936:Thymidine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014316:Tritium; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D006133:Growth Substances; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D013873:Thionucleotides; C099845:purinoceptor P2Y6; C099105:uridine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate); D014316:Tritium; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate; D013936:Thymidine