Protective effects of a soy diet in preventing obesity-linked renal disease.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperfiltration, hyperinsulinemia, glomerular hypertrophy, and ultimately glomerular injury and renal failure are associated with obesity in the Zucker rat. Evidence from other laboratories suggests that soy protein might offer renal protection.


METHODS
At five weeks of age obese rats were placed on diets containing either soy or casein as a protein source and studied until 24 weeks of age. At six weeks of age and every four weeks thereafter, 24-hour urine collections were obtained along with measurements of systolic blood pressure (tail cuff) and blood from the tail vein. At the end of the study the kidneys were fixed and sectioned for histology.


RESULTS
Both groups gained weight and developed systemic hypertension and hyperinsulinemia at the same rate. Glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance) also was similar between groups throughout the study and both groups developed glomerular hypertrophy to the same extent. The development of hypertriglyceridemia was actually accelerated in the soy-fed rats compared to the casein-fed animals. The soy diet, however, virtually completely prevented the development of hypercholesterolemia, primarily low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and/or very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and slowed the development of proteinuria and glomerular injury.


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that an important determinant of the protective effects of soy was related to the prevention of hypercholesterolemia in this model. Other unmeasured differences between groups, such as differences in glomerular capillary blood pressure or the effects of the antioxidant properties of soy components also may have contributed to the protective effects of soy.
Maddox
David A
DA
Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA. dmaddox@usd.edu
Alavi
Fred K
FK
Silbernick
Elizabeth M
EM
Zawada
Edward T
ET
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*
D002364:Caseins; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D012964:Sodium