title: Computer-assisted learning (CAL) in undergraduate clinical dentistry: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the effectiveness of computer-assisted learning (CAL) in undergraduate clinical dentistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of dental and related medical literature was conducted using a selective MEDLINE search and by manual search.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An attempt was made to evaluate the results of computer-based teaching methods in clinical dentistry, and the future. Analysis of several controlled studies showed equivocal learning improvements for CAL when compared with other teaching methods in clinical dentistry. However, CAL technology and appreciation of the standards required for effective learning programmes have changed considerably since these early studies were published.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is considerable potential for effective computer-based education in undergraduate clinical dental programmes, and the Internet can provide better access to such material. However, using newer technologies, further controlled studies of the learning effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CAL in clinical dentistry are required.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China. hkyip@hkusua.hku.hk
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smales
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet