title: Zoonotic diseases: health aspects of Canadian geese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Review zoonotic diseases associated with Canadian geese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review article: A review of the multiple physical, microbiologic and safety concerns, and methods used in controlling this potential problem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the last decade the Canadian goose population (protected by international treaties and protection acts) has increased rapidly such that in many cities they have become a pest rather than an admired wild bird. Their increasing numbers have caused a number of potential healthcare concerns including: physical, bacterial, parasitic, allergic and viral potential problems. The Canadian goose fecal droppings of one per minute have caused falls and the flying geese have caused air traffic accidents. Bacterial concerns, including botulism, salmonella and E. coli have all been reviewed and presented concerns. The viral Newcastle disease may be detected with hemagglutination studies and the Giardia psittaci parasites have been repeatedly found in their droppings. The Cryptosporidium parvum oocytes have been present on stool study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definite links to human infectious diseases have been difficult to prove. Revision of the current laws and new control programs must be developed.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Surgery, Naperville, IL 60563, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dieter
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dieter
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dieter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gulliver
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000368:Aged; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005777:Geese / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D011158:Population Growth; D011049:Social Control Policies; D012940:Social Problems; D014481:United States; D014504:Urban Health; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology