title: Immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis.
abstract: Allergen specific immunotherapy (IT) represents a cornerstone of allergic rhinitis treatment and his efficacy has been confirmed, through open and double blind trials and meta-analysis. In the last few years non invasive routs for IT (oromucosal, nasal) were developed gained general acceptation mainly in children and were validated by WHO. The efficacy of IT could be markers, the pattern of specific antibody response or by the effect on sequential nasal challenges. We have evaluated the effect of IT in allergic rhinitis by different methods. Nasal IT decreased mean symptoms and pharmacological scores as well as in seasonal as in perennial rhinitis. The same decrease has been observed after oromucosal IT. The effect of IT in allergic inflammation has been confirmed by a decrease in the level of soluble adhesion molecule sVCAM-1 which is related to eosinophilic inflammation but not statistically for sICAM-1. We have also evaluated the immunoblotting pattern or specific IgE after oromucosal IT for house dust mites. For D. pteronyssinus in 4 patients the bands intensity decreased and in 3 patients the bands decreased and in 10 disappeared. IT decreases tryptase and ECP in nasal lavage after sequential nasal challenges. Therefore IT decreases clinical scores, inflammation markers, specific IgE immunoblotting bands and response to allergen challenge. These different results confirm his efficacy and usefulness in allergic rhinitis.
authors.affiliation: 1st Medical Clinic, University Faculty of Medicine, Immuno-Allergology Unit and Hematology, Immunology Center (CHIUL), Lisbon.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Palma-Carlos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinola-Santos
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Palma-Carlos
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008925:Mites / Q000276:immunology; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012260:Ribonucleases; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D012260:Ribonucleases