title: Practical considerations of embryo manipulation: preimplantation genetic typing.
abstract: In the past years, research in embryo technologies is moving to the establishment of preimplantation genetic typing or also denominated preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The objectives of these tests are the prevention of genetic diseases transmission and the prediction of phenotypic characteristics, as well as sex determination, genetic disorders and productive and reproductive profiles, prior to the embryo transfer or freezing, during early stages of development. This paper points out the state-of-the-art of PGD, mainly in cattle and discuss the perspectives of multiloci genetic analysis of embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Production, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, Brazil.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D007621:Karyotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012098:Reproduction; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*