title: Relationship between plasma levels of cardiac natriuretic peptides and soluble Fas: plasma soluble Fas as a prognostic predictor in patients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac natriuretic peptides may induce apoptosis in myocytes; however, the relationship between plasma levels of cardiac natriuretic peptides and those of soluble Fas (sFas) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha remains unknown in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured plasma levels of sFas and TNF-alpha and those of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), norepinephrine, and endothelin 1 in 96 patients with CHF (ejection fraction < 45%). The patients were monitored for 3 years. Plasma levels of sFas and TNF-alpha increased with the severity of CHF. There was no significant correlation between sFas plasma levels and those of ANP and BNP. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that high levels of sFas (P = .009) and BNP (P < .0001) and a low ejection fraction (P = .019) were independent significant prognostic predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no significant correlation between cardiac natriuretic peptide and sFas levels in plasma. Plasma sFas is a useful prognostic marker independent of neurohumoral factors, suggesting that immune activation and/or apoptosis play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CHF.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa, Seta, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012995:Solubility; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D009638:Norepinephrine