title: Vocal process granuloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This review article reports the evolution of knowledge regarding the benign proliferations of the posterior glottis commonly termed "vocal process granuloma".
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive review of publications addressing lesions of the posterior glottis is affected to analyze the contemporary management of vocal process granuloma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contemporary management emphasizes interventions to decrease irritation to the posterior glottis. Multiple causes of this irritation preclude use of a single management plan that will successfully address all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management to diminish laryngopharyngeal reflux, as well as to correct vocally abusive behavior, will appropriately address the majority of vocal process granuloma. Surgical removal is best reserved for cases when conservative management fails, when airway obstruction is a concern, or when a biopsy is needed to establish the diagnosis. Ancillary measures that may be beneficial in specific cases include the use of steroids, antibiotics, membranous vocal fold augmentation, and laryngeal botulinum neurotoxin injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. henry-hoffman@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Overholt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karnell
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McCulloch
mesh_terms: D005931:Glottis; D006102:Granuloma, Laryngeal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans