title: In vitro cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine gluconate, benzydamine-HCl and povidone iodine mouthrinses on human gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: Mouthrinses are frequently prescribed for the treatment of ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa. In this study the in vitro cytotoxic effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in water, 0.15% benzydamine-HCl in 8.5% ethanol and 1% povidone iodine in 10% ethanol were determined. Results of photographs and cell counts revealed that all the cells exposed to chlorhexidine gluconate, benzydamine-HCl and povidone iodine were immediately fixated onto the tissue culture surfaces. The three agents were then diluted in phosphate buffered saline to concentrations varying between 10% and 90% and fibroblasts were once again exposed to the dilutions of the test agents. Photographs were taken and cell concentrations in the wells were determined immediately after exposure and after 2, 4 and 24 hours. Results indicated that cells were immediately fixated by 10% chlorhexidine gluconate in water, 20% povidone iodine and 70% benzydamine-HCl. Fibroblasts survived and recovered from the exposure to 8.5% and 10% ethanol, which indicated that the fixation effect is not the result of the ethanol, but should be ascribed to the activity of the active ingredients in the mouthrinses.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Stomatological Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, PO Box 1266, Pretoria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilken
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Botha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grobler
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Germishuys
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D001591:Benzydamine / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000633:toxicity*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D001591:Benzydamine; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine