title: Enhancement of bone growth by sustained delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a polymeric matrix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a polymeric sustained delivery system for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and to evaluate local bone growth induced by the sustained release of BMP-2 in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMP-2 was incorporated in biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres to obtain different release rates. Two sustained and an immediate release implants were produced by suspending the BMP-2 loaded PLGA microspheres in aqueous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), lyophilizing, and cutting the dried materials to the size of the animal bone defects. The local in vivo release at the implantation site in rat calvarial defects was determined by gamma scintigraphy using radiolabeled BMP-2. The local bone induction in the critical size of rabbit calvarial defects was evaluated six weeks post implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immediate release implant showed about 65% initial drug release within 24 h and the remaining BMP-2 quickly exhausted from the implantation site within 7 days. The sustained release implants, showing 45-55% initial release followed by a prolonged release for 21 days, released a greater amount of BMP-2 at the implantation site and maintained higher serum BMP-2 for the longer period of time compared to the immediate release implant. Significant bone growth was observed in all BMP-2 treated defects while the defects without treatment or with BMP-2-free implant showed minimal bone healing. 75-79% of rabbit calvarial defect area was healed with newly induced bone matrix by the sustained release implants in 6 weeks as compared to 45% recovery from the immediate release implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sustained delivery of BMP-2 based on the biodegradable PLGA microsphere system resulted in faster and more complete bone healing in the animal model.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schrier
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeLuca
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Vasconez
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: DeLuca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011108:Polymers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid