title: The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species.
abstract: The genetic and molecular basis of morphological evolution is poorly understood, particularly in vertebrates. Genetic studies of the differences between naturally occurring vertebrate species have been limited by the expense and difficulty of raising large numbers of animals and the absence of molecular linkage maps for all but a handful of laboratory and domesticated animals. We have developed a genome-wide linkage map for the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), an extensively studied teleost fish that has undergone rapid divergence and speciation since the melting of glaciers 15,000 years ago. Here we use this map to analyse the genetic basis of recently evolved changes in skeletal armour and feeding morphologies seen in the benthic and limnetic stickleback species from Priest Lake, British Columbia. Substantial alterations in spine length, armour plate number, and gill raker number are controlled by genetic factors that map to independent chromosome regions. Further study of these regions will help to define the number and type of genetic changes that underlie morphological diversification during vertebrate evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Peichel
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nereng
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ohgi
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Colosimo
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buerkle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schluter
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kingsley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015723:Gene Library; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000235:genetics*