title: Autologous endometrial coculture in patients with in vitro-fertilization (IVF) failure: correlations of outcome with leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) production.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if LIF produced by autologous endometrial co-culture (ECC) was associated with outcome in 46 patients with a history of multiple IVF failures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conditioned media (CM) from ECC cells exposed or non-exposed to human embryos was analyzed for LIF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure or non-exposure to an embryo did not result in differing levels of LIF in the CM. LIF levels were significantly greater in the CM than in the serum controls (LIF was not found in the serum controls). Embryos grown on ECC demonstrated a significant improvement in number of blastomeres and fragmentation when compared to embryos grown in conventional media without ECC (6.7 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.6 +/- 1.2 blastomeres and 17.6% +/- 9.3 vs. 26.4% +/- 9.8 fragmentation; P < 0.05). When LIF levels were detectable in the CM, the embryos grown in ECC were of improved quality as compared to the embryos grown only in conventional media and demonstrated a non-significant increase in pregnancy rates (60 vs. 48%, P = 0.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated a significant improvement in embryo quality with ECC. The cells in the ECC express LIF. The presence of LIF in the CM was associated with embryonic development and clinical pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Spandorfer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Veeck
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Witkin
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rosenwaks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines