title: Serial echocardiographic evaluation of restenosis after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine predictors of restenosis after successful percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) and its relationship to late clinical outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The restenosis rate after PMC and its relationship to late clinical outcome is poorly defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial echocardiography was performed in 310 patients who underwent PMC. Restenosis, defined as mitral valve area (MVA) <1.5 cm(2) and > or = 50% loss of initial MVA increase, was determined by both two-dimensional (2D) and Doppler echocardiography. Clinical, echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization variables were evaluated to determine predictors of restenosis. The relationship between restenosis and major adverse clinical events (death, repeat PMC or mitral valve replacement) and functional status was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute procedural success occurred in 206 patients (66%), who were then followed for restenosis. The cumulative restenosis rate was approximately 40% at six years after successful PMC (44% by 2D and 40% by Doppler MVA). The only independent predictor of restenosis was echocardiographic score (restenosis at five years was 20% for score <8 vs. 61% for score > or = 8, p < 0.001). The decline in MVA and occurrence of restenosis was gradual and progressive during the follow-up period. Procedural results and baseline factors predicted event-free survival. Restenosis by 2D MVA was related to adverse events or New York Heart Association functional class 3 to 4 symptoms, but restenosis was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Restenosis is a common, gradual and progressive occurrence after successful PMC and is predicted by higher echocardiographic score. Restenosis is related to late adverse clinical outcome, though clinical outcome remains best predicted by the acute procedural results of PMC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. wang0016@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Krasuski
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: Katherine B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kisslo
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bashore
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography