title: Orthopaedic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown origin. It affects multiple organ systems, but most frequently the musculoskeletal system. Highly variable manifestations include small and large joint involvement, spinal involvement, periarticular tissue symptoms, and complications associated with chronic steroid use such as osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and stress fractures. The following review summarizes the common orthopaedic manifestations of SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Egol
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jazrawi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: DeWal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Di Cesare
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*