title: A modified cup scrub method for assessing the antibacterial substantivity of personal cleansing products.
abstract: An improved in vivo method for evaluating the antibacterial substantivity or residual effectiveness of bar soaps and other personal cleansing products is presented. The effectiveness of an antibacterial bar soap containing 1.5% 3, 4, 4'-trichlorocarbanilide (TCC) versus its soap vehicle was evaluated under simulated conditions considered optimal for bacterial growth, proliferation, and possible infection. A washout period to clear the skin of any antimicrobial agents previously used was followed by a treatment period in which the subjects washed one of their forearms with the antibacterial soap and the other forearm with the soap vehicle. Either immediately or 24 hours following the final wash, three test sites on both forearms were inoculated with S. aureus and occluded with Hill Top Chamber patches. At intervals of 30 minutes, two hours and five hours, the patches were removed. The bacteria on the skin were harvested using the Williamson-Kligman scrub technique (1,2) to determine the number of surviving CFUs at each time period. The method successfully demonstrated that sufficient TCC had remained on the skin for 24 hours after the final wash to effectively inhibit the growth of S. aureuso on the skin for as long as five hours after inoculation.
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45241, USA.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Billhimer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Englehart
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Rains
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Keswick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003358:Cosmetics; D005260:Female; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003358:Cosmetics