title: Transgenic livers expressing mitochondrial and cytosolic CK: mitochondrial CK modulates free ADP levels.
abstract: The function of creatine kinase (CK) and its effect on phosphorus metabolites was studied in livers of transgenic mice expressing human ubiquitous mitochondrial CK (CK-Mit) and rat brain CK (CK-B) isoenzymes and their combination. (31)P NMR spectroscopy and saturation transfer were recorded in livers of anesthetized mice to measure high-energy phosphates and hepatic CK activity. CK reaction velocity was related to total enzyme activity irrespective of the isoenzyme expressed, and it increased with increasing concentrations of creatine (Cr). The fluxes mediated by both isoenzymes in both directions (phosphocreatine or ATP synthesis) were equal. Over a 20-fold increase in CK-Mit activity (28-560 micromol. g wet wt(-1). min(-1)), the fraction of phosphorylated Cr increased 1.6-fold. Hepatic free ADP concentrations calculated by assuming equilibrium of the CK-catalyzed reaction in vivo decreased from 84 +/- 9 to 38 +/- 4 nmol/g wet wt. Calculated free ADP levels in mice expressing high levels of CK-B (920-1,635 micromol. g wet wt(-1). min(-1)) were 52 +/- 6 nmol/g wet wt. Mice expressing both isoenzymes had calculated free ADP levels of 36 +/- 4 nmol/g wet wt. These findings indicate that CK-Mit catalyzes its reaction equally well in both directions and can lower hepatic apparent free ADP concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research, and Center for Light Microscope Imaging and Biotechnology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. askenasy+@andrew.cmu.edu
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Askenasy
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Koretsky
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic / Q000235:genetics; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D010710:Phosphates; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D003402:Creatine Kinase