title: [Effect of oral and intramuscular vitamin K on the factors II, VII, IX, X, and PIVKA II in the infant newborn under 60 days of age].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neonates on exclusive breast feeding that do not receive vitamin K at birth are at higher risk hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of oral or intramuscular administration of vitamin K1 (VK1), on clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and PIVKA II, in children until the 60 days of age with exclusive breast feeding or mixed feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy full term infants, distributed in two groups, A: 20 with mixed feeding (formula-feeding and breast-feeding) and B: 20 with exclusive breast feeding, were studied. Nine infants of each group received 1 mg of VK1 intramuscularly and eleven 2 mg VK orally 5 ml of cord blood was collected initially from each infant. Venous blood samples were taken on 15, 30 and 60 days of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All factors increased in a progressive form reaching levels over 50% at 60 days of age, in both groups. PIVKA II decreased significantly during the study period (p < 0.01). Factor II increased more in children with mixed feeding that received intramuscular vitamin K, than in the rest of study groups. No other differences between groups were observed. No infant had an abnormal bleeding during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of vitamin K is as effective as the intramuscular route in the prevention of the hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia y Departamento Médico, Destacamento 35 Guardia Nacional de Venezuela, Maracaibo, Venezuela. rjestevez@telcel.net.ve
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arteaga-Vizcaíno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espinoza Holguín
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres Guerra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diez-Ewald
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vizcaíno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Estévez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005164:Factor IX / Q000378:metabolism; D005167:Factor VII / Q000378:metabolism; D005170:Factor X / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy; D006475:Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014812:Vitamin K; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D005167:Factor VII; D011516:Prothrombin; D005164:Factor IX; D005170:Factor X
vernacular_title: Efecto de la vitamina K oral e intramuscular sobre los factores II, VII, IX, X y PIVKA II en el recién nacido hasta los 60 días de edad. Relación con la alimentación.