title: Insulin regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 gene expression is dependent on the mammalian target of rapamycin, but independent of ribosomal S6 kinase activity.
abstract: Insulin inhibits the expression of the hepatic insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) genes. The signaling pathway that mediates these events requires the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, whereas transfection studies have suggested an involvement of Akt (protein kinase B) and FKHR, a transcription factor regulated by Akt. We now demonstrate that insulin repression of endogenous IGFBP-1 gene transcription was blocked by rapamycin or by amino acid starvation. Rapamycin inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the subsequent activation of p70/p85 S6 protein kinase-1 (S6K1) by insulin, whereas amino acid depletion prevented insulin induction of these signaling molecules. Importantly, we demonstrate that insulin regulation of the thymine-rich insulin response element of the IGFBP-1 promoter was also inhibited by rapamycin. However, sustained activation of S6K1 did not repress this promoter. In addition, rapamycin did not affect insulin regulation of G6Pase expression or Akt activation. We propose that these observations indicate that an mTOR-dependent, but S6K-independent mechanism regulates the suppression of IGFBP-1 (but not G6Pase) gene expression by insulin. Therefore, although the insulin-responsive sequence of the G6Pase gene promoter is related to that of the IGFBP-1 promoter, the signaling pathways that mediate suppression of these genes are distinct.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Signalling, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre/Medical Sciences Institute Complex, Dow Street, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lochhead
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rena
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fumagalli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pende
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kozma
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Calum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D012313:RNA; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D012260:Ribonucleases; D020123:Sirolimus