title: Accidental vaginal incision during cesarean section. A report of four cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transverse vaginal incision during cesarean section, also known as anterior vaginotomy, is a recognized entity, mostly made unintentionally.
  
  
  METHODS
  At our institution, four patients underwent a transverse vaginal incision during cesarean section over an eight-year period. In three of them, excessive bleeding required blood transfusion. In one case, only hypogastric artery ligation resulted in bleeding control. None of the patients had subsequent vaginal deliveries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exact incidence of anterior vaginotomy is difficult to evaluate. Accidental vaginal incision occurs mostly following a prolonged second stage of labor but is possible during the first stage. Risk factors include prolonged second stage of labor and an emergency setup. Reported complications resulting from anterior vaginotomy include excessive hemorrhage, with a possible need for hysterectomy, difficult approximation, and bladder or ureter injury. Massive bleeding and multiple blood transfusions occurred in our series as well. Fetal outcome and future obstetric behavior do not seem to be compromised. A high index of suspicion is essential when trying to avoid accidental anterior vaginotomy. Meticulous hemostasis, a search for bladder injury and anatomic closure are mandatory when managing this complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gortzak-Uzan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walfisch
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gortzak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallak
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020884:Colpotomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014621:Vagina / Q000293:injuries*