title: Intrahepatic recurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: analysis based on tumor hemodynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical margin, i.e., the area of possible local intrahepatic metastasis, is controversial in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The blood drainage area of tumor was identified preoperatively by abdominal helical computed tomographic scan under hepatic arteriography and excised as surgical margin. The specimens were pathologically examined on the basis of the corresponding computed tomographic images.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2, 1997, to April 24, 2000, 67 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent curative hepatic resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrahepatic recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood drainage area of tumor could be classified into the following types. The marginal type (drainage into the peritumorous area) was frequent (50 cases) and excised mostly by nonanatomic, limited resection. Portal vein type (drainage into the portal branches) was less common (12 cases) and resected mostly by anatomically systematic hepatectomy. The remaining 5 cases were of the hypovascular type and underwent limited resection. Multiple nodules were frequently found inside the drainage area (4 of 8 cases) and were moderate or poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, consistent with intrahepatic metastasis. Solitary nodules were mostly outside the drainage area (11 of 12 cases) and contained well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (7 of 10 cases), suggesting multicentric carcinogenesis. Intrahepatic recurrences were commonly found in bilateral or contralateral lobes (17 of 19 cases) and divided into 2 groups with a few (< or =4) and multiple (> or =8) recurrent nodules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical margin varied according to tumor hemodynamics. Tumor recurrences may result not only from multicentric carcinogenesis but also from intrahepatic metastasis via systemic circulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. msakon@surg2.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakon
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dono
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeshita
authors.forename: Takamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Morito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed