title: Peroxynitrite increases iNOS through NF-kappaB and decreases prostacyclin synthase in endothelial cells.
abstract: Peroxynitrite, a marker of oxidative stress, is elevated in conditions associated with vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, such as atherosclerosis, preeclampsia, and diabetes. However, the effects of peroxynitrite on endothelial cell function are not clear. The endothelium-derived enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) mediate vascular reactivity and contain oxidant-sensitive isoforms (iNOS and PGHS-2) that can be induced by nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. We investigated the effect(s) of peroxynitrite on NOS and PGHS pathways in endothelial cells. We hypothesized that peroxynitrite will increase levels of iNOS and PGHS-2 through activation of NF-kappaB. Western immunoblots of endothelial cells show that 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1; 0.5 mM), a peroxynitrite donor, increased iNOS protein mass, which can be inhibited by pyrroline dithiocarbamate (an NF-kappaB inhibitor) (167 +/- 24.2 vs. 78 +/- 19%, P < 0.05, n = 6). SIN-1 treatment also significantly increased NF-kappaB translocation into endothelial cell nuclei (135 +/- 10%, P < 0.05). Endothelial NOS, PGHS-1, and PGHS-2 protein levels were not altered by SIN-1. However, prostacyclin synthase protein mass, but not mRNA, was significantly reduced in SIN-1-treated endothelial cells (78 +/- 8.9%, P < 0.05). Our results illustrate novel mechanisms through which peroxynitrite may modulate vascular endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Research Centre, Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2.
authors.forename: Christy-Lynn M
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Sandra T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Davidge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; C002385:linsidomine; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D008981:Molsidomine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022461:prostacyclin synthetase