title: Detecting smoking following smoking cessation treatment.
abstract: Our study compared the results of self-report (SR) plus breath carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring to SR plus urine cotinine (COT) analysis of recent tobacco use for a recently completed smoking cessation study that compared the efficacy of different intensities of psychosocial treatments coupled with 8 weeks of patch treatment. Treatment outcomes were assessed 9, 26, and 52 weeks from treatment initiation in 200+ patients using both measurement types. COT was able to detect self-reported smoking in over 97% of the cases at all time points, while CO detected self-reported smoking 62, 84, and 89% of the time for the three follow-up assessments. Under 2% of those reporting nonsmoking were found to be smoking via CO, whereas COT found smoking to have occurred for 23, 15, and 7% of the 'nonsmoking' SRs at the three time points. Abstinence rates using SR plus CO were 49, 29, and 26%, contrasted with abstinence rates of 38, 26, and 25% for SR plus COT. These findings suggest that use of urine analysis for COT may lead to more accurate but lowered measured abstinence rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. gariti_p@mail.cc.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gariti
authors.forename: Arthur I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Alterman
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehrman
authors.forename: Francis D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Mulvaney
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D003367:Cotinine