title: Analysis of risk factors for local delivery of low- and intermediate-dose adenovirus gene transfer vectors to individuals with a spectrum of comorbid conditions.
abstract: In this study we analyze the adverse events and abnormal laboratory parameters following local administration of low (<10(9) particle units) and intermediate (10(9)-10(11) particle units) single and repetitive doses (140 total) of E1(-)E3(-) adenovirus (Ad) gene transfer vectors administered to the respiratory epithelium, solid tumors, skin, myocardium, and skeletal muscle in eight gene transfer trials since April 1993. In the accompanying paper by Harvey et al., (Hum. Gene Ther. 2002; 13:15-63), we conclude that for the total group, no deaths were attributable to the Ad vectors per se, and the incidence of major adverse events likely caused by an Ad vector was 0.7%. The present study analyzes the trials as a group to evaluate risk factors for the adverse events, abnormal values among laboratory parameters, and known deaths. Ten putative risk factors were assessed, including "patient-related" (age, sex, comorbid index and pretherapy anti-Ad antibodies), "vector-related" (dose, route, transgene, and number of vector administrations), and "trial-related" (trial in which the individual was enrolled, and whether surgery was part of the trial). While assessment of each factor individually suggested several possible associations with adverse events, abnormal laboratory parameters, or deaths, multivariate analysis identified only age, comorbid index, and surgery (comorbid index for death; age and surgery for non-death adverse events) as variables significantly associated with increased risk for a major (severity scale 3-4 of 4) adverse event for individuals enrolled in these gene transfer trials. Importantly, multivariate analysis suggested that vector-related parameters, including dose, route, transgene, or number of vector administrations at the doses and routes evaluated in these studies, do not appear to be significant risk factors for a major adverse event. With the caveat that these are phase I, uncontrolled trials, we conclude that (1) there is no definitive risk factor that will clearly predict a major adverse outcome resulting from local administration of low and intermediate doses of Ad gene transfer vectors; and (2) major adverse events in these gene transfer trials are associated primarily with the study population and/or trial procedures, not the Ad vectors themselves. This assessment is consistent with the concept that local administration of low and intermediate doses of Ad gene transfer vectors appears to be well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. geneticmedicine@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Crystal
authors.forename: Ben-Gary
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wisnivesky
authors.forename: Kelley A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: Karen W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jaman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maroni
authors.forename: Jolene C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Muscat
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pippo
authors.forename: Connie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kaner
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Leopold
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Henrik S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Todd K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rosengart
authors.forename: Charleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hollmann
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000235:genetics; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase