title: Conformational landscape of cytochrome c folding studied by microsecond-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering.
abstract: To investigate protein folding dynamics in terms of compactness, we developed a continuous-flow mixing device to make small-angle x-ray scattering measurements with the time resolution of 160 micros and characterized the radius of gyration (R(g)) of two folding intermediates of cytochrome c (cyt c). The early intermediate possesses approximately 20 A of R(g), which is smaller by approximately 4 A than that of the acid-unfolded state. The R(g) of the later intermediate is approximately 18 A, which is close to that of the molten globule state. Considering the alpha-helix content (f(H)) of the intermediates, we clarified the folding pathway of cyt c on the conformational landscape defined by R(g) and f(H). Cyt c folding proceeds with a collapse around a specific region of the protein followed by a cooperative acquisition of secondary structures and compactness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tetsunari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
mesh_terms: D003580:Cytochromes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013997:Time Factors; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003580:Cytochromes