[Regulation of microglial cell function by ATP].
Accumulated evidence suggests that extracellular ATP functions occur in neurons and glial cells in the nervous systems. Besides well-documented roles as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, ATP has also been demonstrated to have effects on glial cells. Reports have shown that ATP stimulates microglia to release various biologically active substances, such as interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and plasminogen. Microglial cell death was also demonstrated after stimulation with high-dose ATP. Although these responses were known to occur, via P2X7, we have recently found that ATP and ADP induced the formation of membrane ruffles and chemotaxis through Gi/o-coupled P2Y receptors. Taken together, it is suggested that two distinct P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes are involved in the diverse function of microglia in both physiological and pathological states.
Honda
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S
Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, 187-8502 Japan.
Kohsaka
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S
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology
D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate