title: Sensory and biomechanical responses to distension of the normal human rectum and sigmoid colon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visceral pain is a major clinical problem. The aim of the present study was to compare the pain and biomechanical responses to standardized distension of the human colon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relation between pain intensity and pressure, cross-sectional area (CSA) and tension-strain relations of the rectum and sigmoid colon were studied in 11 normal subjects following standardized distension using impedance planimetry. The bag was inflated stepwise with pressures up to 6 kPa. The subjects, who were blinded for the distension procedure, rated their pain intensity using an aggregate visual analogue score (VAS) combining the intensity of the feeling of air, urge to defecate and pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distensions produced an initial rapid increase in CSA followed by a phase of slow increase until a steady state CSA was reached after 0.5-1 min. Several phasic contractions (observed as short-term decreases in the CSA) were recorded in the rectum from the end of the rapid phase to the end of distension at pressures from 1 to 5 kPa. The CSA in the rectum and sigmoid colon was 3,706 +/- 426 mm(2) and 2,305 +/- 426 mm(2) at the maximum bag pressure of 6 kPa (F = 52.4, p < 0.001). The tension-strain relation did not differ between the normal rectum and sigmoid colon. The VAS score for every modality (air, defecation and pain) revealed an increase in intensity as a function of pressure. The VAS score in the rectum and the sigmoid colon as a function of tension and strain did not show any differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biomechanical properties in the sigmoid colon and rectum were alike. For a given wall tension and circumferential strain the sensibility seems equal in the rectum and the sigmoid colon. The observed difference in perception between the two segments was related to the greater CSA in the rectum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rössel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qvist
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Drewes
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011312:Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology