Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes.
Alcohol metabolism is one of the biological determinants that can significantly influence drinking behavior and the development of alcoholism and alcohol-induced organ damage. Most ethanol elimination occurs by oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetate, catalyzed principally by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Other ethanol oxidation pathways, including catalase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS/CYP2E1), as well as the nonoxidative pathway (FAEES), which forms fatty acid ethyl esters, appear to play a minor role. The major alcohol metabolizing enzymes exhibit genetic polymorphism and ethnic variation. In this review recent advances in the understanding of the functional polymorphisms of ADH, ALDH and CYP2E1 and their metabolic, physiologic and clinical correlations are presented.
Agarwal
D P
DP
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Hamburg, Butenfeld 42, 22529 Hamburg, Germany. agarwal@uke.uni-hamburg.de
D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
D007527:Isoenzymes; D000431:Ethanol; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase