title: The role of growth factor administration and T-cell recovery after peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in the treatment of solid tumors: results from a randomized comparison of G-CSF and GM-CSF.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation (PBPCT) combined with post-PBPCT administration of myelopoietic growth factors is a valid therapeutic intervention to rapidly restore hematopoiesis after the delivery of intensive, myeloablative cancer chemotherapy. On the other hand, the best growth factor regimen to potentiate PBPC-mediated immunohematopoietic recovery has yet to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized evaluation, the effects produced by post-PBPCT G-CSF and GM-CSF on myeloid/lymphoid recovery and transplant outcome in women with chemosensitive cancer were compared. Thirty-seven ovarian cancer patients and 34 breast cancer patients ranging in age from 24 to 60 years were treated with carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan (CEM) high-dose chemotherapy and then randomly assigned to receive G-CSF (5 microg/kg subcutaneously) or GM-CSF (5 microg/kg subcutaneously) until Day 13 after PBPCT. Patients were compared in regard to hematopoietic recovery, posttransplant clinical management, and immune recovery. Finally, clinical outcome was estimated as time to progression and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematopoietic recovery and posttransplant clinical management were comparable in both the G-CSF and GM-CSF series. Conversely, significantly higher T-cell counts were observed in G-CSF-treated patients during the early and late posttransplant follow-up. Patients who received G-CSF showed a significantly longer median time to progression. A parallel analysis revealed that patients in whom a higher CD3+ count was recovered had a significantly longer overall survival and time to progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhancement of post-PBPCT T-cell recovery observed in G-CSF-treated patients encourages the use of G-CSF to ameliorate immune recovery, which seems to play a role in post-PBPCT control of disease in cancer patients. GM-CSF might be administered to prolong immunosuppression after autologous PBPCT for autoimmune diseases or allogeneic PBPCT.
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Hemotransfusion Service, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy. luca@pierelli.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pierelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perillo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrandina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rutella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fattorossi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rughetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nuti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cortesi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000637:transplantation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor