title: Catechol o-methyltransferase, serotonin transporter, and tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphisms in bipolar disorder patients with and without comorbid panic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic epidemiologic and clinical data suggest that comorbid panic disorder may define a subtype of bipolar disorder. Comorbid panic disorder might thereby influence the strength of association between bipolar disorder and genes that have been implicated in bipolar disorder on the basis of their function in monoamine neurotransmission and previously reported linkage results. Polymorphic markers at catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) genes were analyzed in a case-control association study of bipolar disorder patients with or without lifetime panic disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unrelated subjects of Italian descent meeting DSM-III-R criteria for lifetime bipolar disorder (N=111), with (N=49) or without (N=62) comorbid lifetime panic disorder, were compared to 127 healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes. The frequencies of COMT Val158Met, 5-HTTLPR, and TPH IVS7+218C>A polymorphisms were determined. Genotype and allele frequency comparisons between affected (bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder without panic disorder, or bipolar disorder with panic disorder) and unaffected individuals were carried out with chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the comparison subjects, subjects with bipolar disorder without panic disorder, but not those with comorbid bipolar disorder and panic disorder, showed significantly higher frequencies of the COMT Met158 and the short 5-HTTLPR alleles and genotypes. The differences in the frequencies of the TPH IVS7+218A alleles and genotypes approached statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the hypothesis that comorbid panic disorder identifies a genetic subtype of bipolar disorder and suggest a role for COMT and 5-HTT in vulnerability to these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy. a.rotondo@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotondo
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dell'Osso
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Siham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouanani
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonnelli
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cassano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase