title: Macronutrients in milk from mothers delivering preterm.
abstract: Premature infants require large amounts of protein and energy to achieve normal growth. Feeding with human milk alone is therefore only regarded acceptable if the protein and energy content is adequate.
  
  
  METHODS
  476 milk samples from 101 mothers delivering before the 32nd gestational week (mean gestational age, 28 weeks) were obtained on a weekly basis until 36 weeks of gestational age and analyzed for true protein, total carbohydrate, and fat content by infrared analysis. Fat measurements were validated with the Folch method. Milk was collected by complete expression with an electric pump into 24-hour pools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein concentration decreased significantly with time (P = 0.00001). The carbohydrate, fat, and energy concentration was significantly lower in the first 2 weeks after delivery, after which they increased to a constant level. The macronutrient level in milk was not associated with gestational age (P = 0.3). The energy content of these milk samples was high, and feeding 200 mL/kg would provide sufficient energy until 36 weeks of gestational age for all infants, and 65% of the infants would receive > or =3g total protein/kg/day.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic of Pediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faerk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skafte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peitersen
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
mesh_terms: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins