title: Systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice after rectal and vaginal immunization with HIV-DNA vaccine.
abstract: We examined the feasibility of inducing local and systemic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immune responses by rectal and vaginal application of an HIV-DNA vaccine. Mice were immunized with an HIV-DNA vaccine preparation via a rectal or vaginal route. After several applications, HIV-specific antibodies were detected in sera, fecal extract solutions, and vaginal washes, and these antibodies were potent in inhibiting the syncytium formation of a CD4-positive human T cell line by a cell line capable of inducing HIV-1 infection. Spleen cells from rectally and vaginally immunized mice showed antigen-mediated IFN-gamma-inducing activity. In addition, with rectal immunization, mononuclear cells from both the spleen and the regional lymph nodes of the rectal region were found to be potent at inducing a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. These humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were enhanced by augmenting the vaccine with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-expressing plasmids or IL-12-expressing plasmid. Our results demonstrated that both rectal and vaginal immunization could induce systemic and mucosal immunity and that these responses were enhanced by the addition of the above cytokine-expressing plasmids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamajima
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Futaba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuda
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D007371:Interferon-gamma