title: Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and control a biphasic outbreak of Serratia marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiological and laboratory investigation of the outbreak.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NICU of the 1,470-bed teaching hospital of the University "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outbreak involved 56 cases of colonization by S marcescens over a 15-month period, with two epidemic peaks of 6 and 3 months, respectively. Fourteen (25%) of the 56 colonized infants developed clinical infections, 50% of which were major (sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiological and microbiological investigations, analysis of macrorestriction pattern of genomic DNA through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of clinical and environmental isolates, and institution of infection control measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of macrorestriction patterns of genomic DNA by PFGE demonstrated that the vast majority of S marcescens isolates, including three environmental strains isolated from two handwashing disinfectants and the hands of a nurse, were of the same clonal type. The successful control of the outbreak was achieved through cohorting of noncolonized infants, isolation of S marcescens-infected and -colonized infants, and an intense educational program that emphasized the need for adherence to glove use and handwashing policies. The NICU remained open to new admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outbreaks caused by S marcescens are very difficult to eradicate. An infection control program that includes molecular typing of microorganisms and the proper dissemination among staff members of the typing results is likely to be very effective in reducing NICU-acquired infections and in controlling outbreaks caused by S marcescens, as well as other multiresistant bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crispino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarcella
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000378:metabolism; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D016868:Serratia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012706:Serratia marcescens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C025580:endodeoxyribonuclease XBAI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific