title: Use of human preconditioned phagocytes for extracorporeal immune support: introduction of a concept.
abstract: Neutrophils are critical effector cells in humoral and innate immunity and play a vital role in phagocytosis and bacterial killing. If they and/or their specific functions are lacking, then immunoparalysis may occur, and severe diseases like systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis can take a fatal course. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of using preconditioned cells in an extracorporeal biohybrid immune support system. A human promyelocytic cell line was stimulated for different times with all-trans retinoic acid. The resulting cells displayed major signs and functions of mature neutrophilic granulocytes including oxygen radical production, phagocytosis of living and dead Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, intracellular killing, and interleukin production. The cells can be expanded to yield a sufficient cell mass, and subsequent prestimulation results in an expression of specific neutrophil functions. Extracorporeal bioreactor experiments seem to be feasible to test the benefit in immunoparalysis-associated diseases like SIRS or sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Rostock, Germany. steffen.mitzner@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mitzner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freytag
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kleinfeldt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altrichter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klöhr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koball
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stange
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ringel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nebe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podbielski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noeldge-Schomburg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods*; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines