title: Proton Irradiation Facility and space radiation monitoring at the Paul Scherrer Institute.
abstract: The Proton Irradiation Facility (PIF) has been designed and constructed, in cooperation between Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and European Space Agency (ESA), for terrestrial proton testing of components and materials for spacecraft. Emphasis has been given to generating realistic proton spectra encountered by space-flights at any potential orbit. The facility, designed in a user-friendly manner, can be readily adapted to the individual requirements of experimenters. It is available for general use serving also in testing of radiation monitors and for proton experiments in different scientific disciplines. The Radiation Environment Monitor REM has been developed for measurements of the spacecraft radiation conditions. Two instruments were launched into space, one into a Geo-stationary Transfer Orbit on board of the STRV-1b satellite and one into a Low Earth Orbit on the Russian MIR station. The next generation of monitors (SREMs--Standard REMs) is currently under development in partnership of ESA, PSI and Contraves-Space. They will operate both as minimum intrusive monitors, which provide radiation housekeeping data and alert the spacecraft when the radiation level crosses allowed limits and as small scientific devices measuring particle spectra and fluxes. Future missions as e.g. INTEGRAL, STRV-1c and PROBA will be equipped with new SREMs.
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hajdas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zehnder
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buehler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harboe-Sorensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nickson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nieminen
mesh_terms: D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D002138:Calibration; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D008422:Materials Testing; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D011522:Protons; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D019445:Solar Activity; D013020:South America; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D011522:Protons