title: Control of gene expression and the cell cycle.
abstract: The pRb tumour suppressor protein is an essential component of the cell-cycle clock, integrating both positive and negative signals for cellular growth and proliferation with the transcription machinery. pRb exerts its tumour suppression function by both antagonizing and synergizing with downstream effectors, such as E2F. pRb has two modes of action, it can inactivate E2F transcription activity or it can assemble an active repression complex with E2F. Apart from E2F, pRb interacts with various factors to promote cellular differentiation. The differentiation properties of pRb are likely to contribute partly to its tumour suppressor function. It is also clear that pRb is a master regulator for transcription. It can both activate and repress transcription in a context-dependent manner. pRb interacts directly with histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylases and SWI/SNF proteins, all of which are classes of proteins involved in chromatin remodelling. Last, but not least, pRb regulates transcription driven by all three polymerases, thereby integrating the cell-cycle clock with the biosynthetic capacity of the cell in controlling cellular proliferation and growth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shikama
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: La Thangue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors