title: Role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in colonic epithelial hyperplasia and chronic intestinal inflammation in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces multiple effects including cell proliferation and death by ligation with TNF receptor type II (TNFR2). We studied the role of TNFR2 in chronic inflammation-induced colonic epithelial alteration.
  
  
  METHODS
  TNFR2 expression in colonic epithelial cells (CECs) was assessed by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and murine colitis models. TNFR2 expression was also analyzed using COLO205 cells. The role of TNFR2 in colonic epithelial homeostasis was examined by generating interleukin 6-deficient TCR alpha KO (alpha IL-6DKO) or TNFR2-deficient TCR alpha (alpha TNFR2DKO) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNFR2 expression was up-regulated in CEC in both human ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In vitro studies showed that TNFR2 expression was up-regulated by a cooperative effect of key proinflammatory cytokines. By RPA, the increased expression of TNFR2 was detectable in TCR alpha KO mice with colitis compared with TCR alpha KO mice without colitis or wild-type mice. In alpha IL-6DKO mice, TNFR2 expression, proliferation, and nuclear factor kappa B activation of CECs were markedly reduced compared with TCR alpha KO mice. alpha TNFR2 mice also showed significantly less colonic epithelial proliferation compared with TCR alpha KO mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of TNFR2 is consistently increased on CECs in both murine colitis models as well as patients with IBD. TNFR2 may play an important role in colonic inflammation-associated alteration in the intestinal epithelium.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takedatsu
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cario
authors.forename: Ype P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Choon Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Ramnik J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Cox
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terhorst
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Podolsky
authors.forename: Atul K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D019673:Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000963:Antimetabolites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine