title: [Aortic valve structures as landmarks for determining coronary artery ostia in transthoracic echocardiography].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occasionally, coronary arteries are recorded in transthoracal echocardiography. The question was if this modality could be used as non-invasive screening method of the coronaries. A prerequisite for this is an exact and reproducible measurement of the origin of the coronary arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The topography of the coronary ostia in relation to the aortic valve was examined morphometrically in the aortae of 20 embalmed cadavers and 50 patients of a cardiologist's practice who underwent transthoracal echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, the coronary arterial orifices were located eccentrically in the coronary sinus, shifted to the non-coronary aortic sinus. The distance between left coronary orifice to the commissure of the left and the right semilunar valvula was 13.3 mm on average in the anatomical measurements, whereas in the echocardiography this distance was 14.3 mm. The distance between the left ostium and the attachment of the left and the posterior semilunar valvula 9.4 mm, corresponding to 11.6 mm in echocardiography. The distance between right coronary orifice and the attachment of the right and the left semilunar valvula was 18.0 and 17.3 mm respectively, and the distance between right coronary orifice and the commissure of the right and the posterior semilunar valvula accounted for 8.5 and 9.7 mm respectively. On the average, the ostia were located 3.9 mm below the level of the sinotubular junction. Multiple ostia occurred in 65%, 92% of these were in the right coronary aortic sinus, shifted from the main orifice to the attachment of the right and the left semilunar valvula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the cardiologist's routine, the attachments of the aortic leaflets proved to be very useful as landmarks. The coronary arterial orifices have been educible in nearly all cases. These results show that transthoracal echocardiography may be used in the screening for coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anatomie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wolloscheck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zipfel
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konerding
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
vernacular_title: Aortenklappenstrukturen als Orientierungshilfe zum Auffinden der Koronararterienabgänge in der transthorakalen Echokardiographie.