title: Craniofacial features of patients with Class III abnormalities: growth-related changes and effects of short-term and long-term chincup therapy.
abstract: The craniofacial features of patients with Class III abnormalities, including growth-related changes and effects of short-term and long-term chincup therapy, were studied. Twenty female subjects were treated with chincups and an orthopedic force of 500 g for 31 months (short-term treatment group). Another 36 female patients were treated with chincups and a force of 250 to 300 g for 86 months (long-term treatment group). All subjects treated with chincups had lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0), after treatment (T1), and at retention (T2). Cross-sectional lateral films of 562 skeletal Class III girls were selected from the records of 1265 Class III patients at a public hospital and private clinics as controls. The controls were selected to approximately match the ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and chronological age of the treated groups. Short-term treatment resulted in a slight improvement in ANB angle and Wits appraisal, while long-term treatment resulted in a significant improvement in ANB angle and Wits appraisal. Such treatment also resulted in a significant inhibition of the growth of the ramus (2.2 mm) and body length (3.6 mm) of the mandible, a backward rotation of the mandible, and a reduction (8.2 degrees ) of the gonial angle. However, there was no alteration of any parameter of the maxilla and the cranial base, except the length of S-N and N-S-Ar in the long-term treatment group. Subjects who completed the long-term treatment protocol retained the changes by wearing the appliance during sleep, with a force of 200 g applied to the center of the chin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University, School of Dentistry, Shiojiri City, Nagano-ken, Japan 399-0781.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minoshima
authors.forename: Tom M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Graber
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome