Detailed three-dimensional fetal echocardiography facilitated by an Internet link.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether a complete virtual cardiological examination can be achieved in stored three-dimensional volumes of the fetal heart, transmitted to a tertiary fetal cardiology center via the Internet.


METHODS
Thirty sequential normal singleton pregnancies were included in the study. Four cardiac volumes were acquired using a three-dimensional ultrasound system. The volumes were sent via the Internet to a tertiary fetal cardiology center, where a detailed fetal cardiac examination was attempted using the three-dimensional volumetric dataset.


RESULTS
The median gestational age was 24 (range, 22-28) weeks. A complete heart examination was accomplished in 23 of 30 cases (76.7%; 95% confidence interval, 58-90%). The four-chamber view and the cardiac situs were seen in all cases. The right ventricular outflow tract was seen in 29 (96.7%) cases and the left ventricular outflow tract in 25 (83.3%) cases. The long-axis view of the aortic arch, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins were visualized in more than 80% of cases. The mean time of volume acquisition was 9.5 (standard deviation, 2.3) min and the mean examination time by the fetal cardiologist was 17 (standard deviation, 4.8) min.


CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary results demonstrate that a three-dimensional virtual examination of the fetal heart is possible. There are limitations such as the lack of flow and functional information but complete ascertainment of the main cardiac connections was possible in the majority of cases. The use of an Internet link has major implications, particularly for situations in which the scanning center is geographically remote from the tertiary referral center.
Michailidis
G D
GD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
Simpson
J M
JM
Karidas
C
C
Economides
D L
DL
D000328:Adult; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D011247:Pregnancy; D017216:Telemedicine; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal