title: Evidence for degradation of 2-chlorophenol by enrichment cultures under denitrifying conditions.
abstract: Although chlorophenol (CP) degradation has been studied, no bacterium responsible for degradation of CP under denitrifying conditions has been isolated. Moreover, little substantial evidence for anaerobic degradation of CPs coupled with denitrification is available even for mixed cultures. Degradation of CP [2-CP, 3-CP, 4-CP, 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) or 2,6-DCP] under denitrifying conditions was examined in anaerobic batch culture inoculated with activated sludge. Although 3-CP, 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and 2,6-DCP were not stably degraded, 2-CP was degraded and its degradation capability was sustained in a subculture. However, the rate of 2-CP degradation was not significantly enhanced by subculturing. In 2-CP-degrading cultures, nitrate was consumed stoichiometrically and concomitantly during 2-CP degradation, and a dechlorination intermediate was not detected, suggesting that 2-CP degradation was coupled with nitrate reduction. A 2-CP-degrading enrichment culture degraded 2-CP in the presence of nitrate, but did not in the absence of nitrate or the presence of sulfate. This suggests that the enrichment culture strictly requires nitrate for degradation of 2-CP. The apparent specific growth rate of the 2-CP degrading species was 0.0139 d(-1). Thus the apparent doubling time of the 2-CP-degrading population in the enrichment culture was greater than 50 d, which may explain difficulty in enrichment and isolation of micro-organisms responsible for CP degradation under denitrifying conditions.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan1.
authors.forename: Hee-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan1.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan1.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suwa
mesh_terms: D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D003470:Culture Media; D009566:Nitrates; D012722:Sewage; C030683:2-chlorophenol