title: 2,4-Toluene diamines--their carcinogenicity, biodegradation, analytical techniques and an approach towards development of biosensors.
abstract: 2,4-Toluene diamine (TDA), a class A carcinogen, is a major raw material for the production of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which is one of the precursors for the production of polyurethane foams (PU). This review deals with 2,4-toluene diamine's (TDA) carcinogenicity, analytical techniques, biodegradation and use as a biosensor for biogenic and synthetic amines, emphasizing various carcinogenicity studies by 2,4-TDA on animals and humans. This review reports some publications of the analysis of body fluid samples of workers from a PU producing factory for presence of TDA and TDI, since TDI gets absorbed into the worker's body, getting metabolized into TDA. Biodegradations of 2,4-TDA by various researchers are reported and also our own research experience with biodegradation of 2,4-TDA using Aspergillus nidulans isolated from soil site at a polyurethane foam dumping site have been discussed in this review. Biosensors for various biogenic and synthetic amines are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India. shanmuga@natur.cuni.cz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subrahmanyam
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Tarakad
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kodandapani
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stanly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C010914:2,4-diaminotoluene