title: Promoting responsiveness between mothers with depressive symptoms and their infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of an interactive coaching intervention to promote responsiveness between mothers experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) and their infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental design with 117 postpartum women in the Northeastern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned either to the treatment or control group. Both groups had home visits at 4-8 weeks, 10-14 weeks, and 14-18 weeks postpartum and mother-infant interaction was videotaped and coded for responsiveness. The treatment group also received a coached behavioral intervention designed to promote maternal-infant responsiveness. Measures included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Dyadic Mutuality Code.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hypothesis, that the treatment group would show significantly higher maternal-infant responsiveness after the intervention, was supported. No effect of the intervention on depression scores was found. A significant increase in responsiveness and a significant decrease in depression scores occurred over time for both treatment and control groups. No interaction between group and time was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that a coaching strategy had a positive effect on maternal-infant interaction in this sample. Future research is needed to test coaching interventions in conjunction with other strategies targeted to promote maternal-infant responsiveness and to reduce PPDS.
authors.affiliation: Boston College, School of Nursing, Cushing Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3812, USA. june.horowitz@bc.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trybulski
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hartz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCordic
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sokol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009511:New England; D016487:Parenting; D010353:Patient Education as Topic