title: Hypothalamic cholinergic regulation of body temperature and water intake in rats.
abstract: Without disturbing the behavior of unanesthetized rats, the perfusion of neostigmine through microdialysis probe into the anterior hypothalamus (AH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral ventricle (LV) decreased body temperature and increased water intake. On the other hand, the perfusion into the supraoptic nucleus (SON) increased the body temperature. The perfusion of neostigmine increased the extracellular concentration of acetylcholine in the perfusion sites except LV. Changes, both decrease and increase, in body temperature and increase in water intake were correlated with increases in c-fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the hypothalamus, pons and medulla. Distinct Fos-IR was found in the PVN, SON, median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), locus coeruleus (LC), area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Co-administration of atropine with neostigmine completely suppressed the changes in the body temperature, water intake and Fos-IR, all of which were induced by the neostigmine perfusion into AH, PVN and SON. In the LV-perfused rats, on the other hand, co-administration of atropine and neostigmine only partially prevented body temperature reduction and still induced significant hypothermia. These results suggest that muscarinic receptor activation in specific regions of the hypothalamus and the activation of LC and NTS are implicated in the regulation of body temperature and water intake. Other receptor processes are involved in the LV-induced changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychopharmacology (Tsumura), Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. takahashi_akira@mail.tsumura.co.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikarashi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000235:genetics; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009388:Neostigmine; D001285:Atropine