title: Epidemiological investigation of Histoplasma capsulatum infection in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide reliable information concerning the presence or the absence of Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) infection in China, and data concerning this respect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred normal people and 435 hospitalized patients, who lived in Hunan and Jiangsu provinces, and the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, were tested with yeast-phase histoplasmin (ALK/Berkerley Biologicals Laboratories, USA) and human pure protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) on the volar surface of the forearm. Any reaction to the antigens over 5.0 mm in diameter of induration at 48-72 hours was considered positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 138 subjects (18.8%) in 735 patients reacted to histoplasmin with 5.0-45.0 (9.1 +/- 4.3) mm indurations. Significant differences of positive skin reaction rates in normal subjects were found in Hunan, Jiangsu and Xinjiang (8.9% vs 15.1% vs 2.1%). The overall positive rate of patients was 25.5%. Patients with tuberculosis [31.7% (78/246)] had a significantly higher positive skin reaction rate in comparison with those suffering from pneumonia [17.7% (11/62)], lung cancer [20.9% (9/43)], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [17.3% (9/52)] and other diseases [12.5% (4/32)] (P < 0.01). Of 562 cases, 292 cases (52.0%) reacted to PPD with indurations of 5-50 (13.7 +/- 4.9) mm in diameter, 63 cases (11.2%) reacted to both histoplasmin and PPD, while 38 cases (6.9%) reacted to histoplasmin but not to PPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that there is H. capsulatum herd infection in China. The infection rate in Southeast China is higher than that in the Northwest, and the infection rate of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is higher than that of normal persons and other pneumonopathy patients.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Department, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command PLA, Nanjing 210002, China. zhaobeil@jlonline.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.lastname: Ayinuer
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014374:Tuberculin Test