title: Ectodermal syndecan-2 mediates left-right axis formation in migrating mesoderm as a cell-nonautonomous Vg1 cofactor.
abstract: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans expressed on the Xenopus animal cap ectoderm have been implicated in transmitting left-right information to heart and gut primordia. We report here that syndecan-2 functions in the ectoderm to mediate cardiac and visceral situs, upstream of known asymmetrically expressed genes but independently of its ability to mediate fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Left-right development is dependent on a distinct subset of glycosaminoglycan attachment sites on syndecan-2. A novel in vivo approach with enterokinase demonstrates that syndecan-2 functions in left-right patterning during early gastrulation. We describe a cell-nonautonomous role for ectodermal syndecan-2 in transmitting left-right information to migrating mesoderm. The results further suggest that this function may be related to the transduction of Vg1-related signals.
authors.affiliation: Huntsman Cancer Institute, Center for Children, Department of Oncological Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: H Joseph
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yost
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000196:embryology*; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D005775:Gastrula / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011506:Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012857:Situs Inversus / Q000196:embryology; D053669:Syndecan-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D053669:Syndecan-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C513103:GDF1 protein, Xenopus; C508248:sdc2 protein, Xenopus; C508249:sdc2 protein, zebrafish