title: Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the occurrence of neurologic events suggestive of demyelination during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFalpha) therapy for inflammatory arthritides.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Adverse Events Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was queried following a report of a patient with refractory rheumatoid arthritis who developed confusion and difficulty with walking after receiving etanercept for 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients with similar neurologic events were identified from the FDA database, 17 following etanercept administration and 2 following infliximab administration for inflammatory arthritis. All neurologic events were temporally related to anti-TNFalpha therapy, with partial or complete resolution on discontinuation. One patient exhibited a positive rechallenge phenomenon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further surveillance and studies are required to better define risk factors for and frequency of adverse events and their relationship to anti-TNFalpha therapies. Until more long-term safety data are available, consideration should be given to avoiding anti-TNFalpha therapy in patients with preexisting multiple sclerosis and to discontinuing anti-TNFalpha therapy immediately when new neurologic signs and symptoms occur, pending an appropriate evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA. nmohan@pol.net
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cupps
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Oliverio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Crayton
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Richert
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001706:Biopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D000075202:Contraindications; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept