title: Patterns of physical activity among American Indian children: an assessment of barriers and support.
abstract: Estimates indicate that 10% to 50% of American Indian and non-Indian children in the U.S. are obese, defined as a body mass index > or = 95th percentile of the NHANES II reference data. Pathways is a two-phase, multi-site study to develop and test a school-based obesity prevention program in American Indian schoolchildren in grades three through five. During Phase I feasibility prior to initiation of the Pathways trial, data were collected related to physical activity patterns, and the supports of, and barriers to, physical activity. Nine schools from communities representing six different tribal groups participated in this study. Multiple measures were used for data collection including direct observation, paired child interviews, and in-depth interviews and focus groups with adults. Students completed the self-administered Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors (KAB) survey, and a Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). Barriers to physical activity at schools included a lack of facilities, equipment, and trained staff persons for PE. Adults were not consistently active with their children, but they were highly supportive of their children's activity level. Children reported a strong enjoyment of physical activity and strong peer support to be physically active. Weather conditions, safety concerns, and homework/chores were common barriers to physical activity reported by children and adult caregivers. The information was used to design culturally and age-appropriate, practical interventions including the five physical activity programs for schoolchildren in the Pathways study.
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Albuquerque 87131-5311, USA. jthompson@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittelsohn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Going
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becenti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ring
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001130:Arizona; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008019:Life Style / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D009516:New Mexico; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012944:Social Support; D013023:South Dakota; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires