title: Interactions between Nosema pyrausta (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
abstract: Larval susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis was determined for Nosema pyrausta-infected and uninfected European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in bioassays using a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Dipel ES, incorporated into diet. LC50 values for N. pyrausta-infected larvae were significantly lower (P<0.0001) than for uninfected larvae and declined with increasing levels of infection. LC50 values for a 15-d bioassay using field-colony first instars were 0.006 and 0.027 mg of Dipel ES/kg of diet for larvae moderately infected by N. pyrausta and uninfected larvae, respectively. Nosema pyrausta-infected larvae reared on Dipel ES-amended diets produced 70-fold fewer spores (P<0.0001) than larvae reared on standard diet. For example, 15 d after placement as first instars on standard diet, infected field-colony larvae produced 7.6-8.7 million N. pyrausta spores per larva; similar larvae placed on diet containing 0.09 mg of Dipel ES/kg of diet produced 85-103 thousand spores per larva. Infected larvae also weighed less and failed to mature on Dipel ES-amended diets. Increased susceptibility of N. pyrausta-infected larvae to Dipel ES and reduced N. pyrausta spore production in larvae feeding on diet containing Dipel ES suggest that Bt corn will have a direct adverse effect on the survival and continual impact of N, pyrausta as a regulating factor on European corn borer populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA. cmpierce@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Solter
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinzierl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D001681:Biological Assay; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000469:parasitology*; D016818:Nosema; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D013223:Statistics as Topic