title: The sulfonylurea glyburide induces impairment of glucagon and growth hormone responses during mild insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sulfonylurea (SU) glyburide may cause severe and prolonged episodes of hypoglycemia. We aimed at investigating the impact of glyburide on glucose counterregulatory hormones during stepwise hypoglycemic clamp studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed stepwise hypoglycemic clamp studies in 16 healthy volunteers (7 women and 9 men aged 44 +/- 10 years). We investigated counterregulatory hormonal and symptom responses at arterialized venous plasma glucose levels (PG) of 3.8, 3.2, and 2.6 mmol/l, comparing 10 mg glyburide orally and placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in plasma glucagon with time from PG = 3.8 onward was smaller for glyburide than for placebo (P = 0.014). Plasma glucagon area under the curve (AUC)(60-180) was lower after glyburide than after placebo (1,774 +/- 715 vs. 2,161 +/- 856 pmol. l(-1). min, P = 0.014). From PG = 3.8 onward, plasma growth hormone (GH) levels with placebo were nearly two times (1.9 [95% CI 1.2-2.9]) as high as with glyburide (P = 0.011). AUC(60-180) for GH was lower after glyburide than after placebo (geometric mean [range] 665 [356-1,275] and 1,058 [392-1,818] mU. l(-1). min, respectively; P = 0.04). No significant differences were observed for plasma cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, or incremental symptom scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SU glyburide induces multiple defects in glucose counterregulatory hormonal responses, notably decreases in both glucagon and GH release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands. e.terbraak@digd.azu.nl
authors.forename: Edith W M T
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: ter Braak
authors.forename: Alexander M M F
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Appelman
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Tweel
authors.forename: D Willem
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Erkelens
authors.forename: Timon W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: van Haeften
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010919:Placebos; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D005905:Glyburide