title: Phase II study of oral capecitabine in patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of capecitabine (Xeloda; Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ) in patients with metastatic or unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients were treated with oral capecitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) administered twice daily (2,500 mg/m(2)/d) as intermittent therapy in 3-week cycles consisting of 2 weeks of treatment followed by 1 week without treatment. Tumor lesions were assessed by computed tomography scan or physical examination at 6-week intervals (after every two cycles). Adverse events were monitored continuously during treatment and for 28 days after the last dose of study drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten (24%) of 42 patients experienced a clinical benefit response (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1% to 39.5%) as evidenced by improvement in pain intensity, analgesic consumption, and/or Karnofsky performance status. Three (7.3%) of the 41 patients with measurable disease had an objective response (partial). The median time to objective response was 85 days (range, 47 to 91 days) and duration of response was 208, 260, and 566 days for the three responding patients. One patient with nonmeasurable but assessable disease had improved residual disease with a positive clinical benefit response, for a total of four responses among the 42 assessable patients, for an overall response rate of 9.5% (90% CI, 3.3% to 20.5%). Capecitabine was generally well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with capecitabine resulted in clinically significant beneficial effects on tumor-related symptoms and yielded objective response activity in patients with metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic cancer. These results together with its generally tolerable safety profile and the added advantage of oral administration provide the basis for further evaluating capecitabine as a single agent or in combination with other treatment modalities in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Oncology, Ocala Oncology, 433 SW 10th St., Ocala, FL 34474, USA. thomas.cartwright@usoncology.com
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Jerry A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Varkey
authors.forename: Yin-Miao
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ted P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Szatrowski
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil