title: Support for fast comprehension of ICU data: visualization using metaphor graphics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The time-oriented analysis of electronic patient records on (neonatal) intensive care units is a tedious and time-consuming task. Graphic data visualization should make it easier for physicians to assess the overall situation of a patient and to recognize essential changes over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metaphor graphics are used to sketch the most relevant parameters for characterizing a patient's situation. By repetition of the graphic object in 24 frames the situation of the ICU patient is presented in one display, usually summarizing the last 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VIE-VISU is a data visualization system which uses multiples to present the change in the patient's status over time in graphic form. Each multiple is a highly structured metaphor graphic object. Each object visualizes important ICU parameters from circulation, ventilation, and fluid balance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The design using multiples promotes a focus on stability and change. A stable patient is recognizable at first sight, continuous improvement or worsening condition are easy to analyze, drastic changes in the patient's situation get the viewers attention immediately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, University of Vienna, Austria. werner@ai.univie.ac.at
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Popow
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Unterasinger
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003625:Data Collection; D003626:Data Display; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D013561:Symbolism; D014584:User-Computer Interface