title: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and accelerated development of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection and the accelerated development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred and fourteen patients undergoing coronary angiography, including 67 controls and 147 patients with CAD (97 without CRF and 50 with CRF), were enrolled in this study. Anti-C. pneumoniae specific IgG and IgA antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary artery disease (expressed as CAD score) was more severe in patients with than without CRF (14.9 +/- 6.0 vs. 11.3 +/- 6.0, p < 0.01). Seropositive rates of IgG and IgA antibodies against C. pneumoniae were higher in all CAD patients than in the controls (76.2% vs. 44.8%, p < 0.001 for IgG; 59.9% vs. 40.3%, p < 0.01 for IgA). In both CAD subgroups, IgG seropositive rates were similarly elevated (82.0% and 73.2% vs. 44.8% for control, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas those of IgA were significantly elevated only in CAD with CRF (68.0% vs. 55.7% for control, p < 0.01). The mean antibody index of IgG was elevated in all CAD patients compared with the controls (1.9 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.9, p < 0.0001), but that of IgA was not (1.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.9). Levels of IgG were elevated in all patients with CAD compared with the control (2.4 +/- 1.1 and 1.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.9, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas those of IgA were elevated only in CAD with CRF (1.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.9, p < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the elevated IgG antibody index was an independent risk factor for CAD regardless of CRF (odds ratios 1.9, 1.8, and 2.3), whereas the IgA index was a risk factor only in CAD with CRF (odds ratio 1.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chlamydia pneumoniae infection may be related to the accelerated CAD in patients with CRF, which was specifically suggested by an elevated IgA level. In other words, the prevalence of active C. pneumoniae infection is higher in patients with CAD and CRF than that in those with CAD without CRF.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yashiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ioka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D012709:Serum Albumin; D014280:Triglycerides; C049937:anti-IgA; C048844:anti-IgG