title: Fitness costs and maternal effects associated with resistance to transgenic cotton in the pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).
abstract: Transgenic cotton producing a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin is widely used for controlling the pink bollworm, Perctinophora gossypiella (Saunders). We compared performance of pink bollworm strains resistant to Bt cotton with performance of their susceptible counterparts on non-Bt cotton. We found fitness costs that reduced survival on non-Bt cotton by an average of 51.5% in two resistant strains relative to the susceptible strains. The survival cost was recessive in one set of crosses between a resistant strain and the susceptible strain from which it was derived. However, crosses involving an unrelated resistant and susceptible strain indicated that the survival cost could be dominant. Development time on non-Bt cotton did not differ between the two related resistant and susceptible strains. A slight recessive cost affecting development time was suggested by comparison of the unrelated resistant and susceptible strains. Maternal effects transmitted by parents that had eaten Bt-treated artificial diet as larvae had negative effects on embryogenesis, adult fertility, or both, and reduced the ability of neonates to enter cotton bolls. These results provide further evidence that fitness costs associated with the evolution of resistance to Bt cotton are substantial in the pink bollworm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85040-2933, USA. ycarrier@ag.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Carrière
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellers-Kirk
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Patin
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dennehy
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Tabashnik
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis