title: Agitation in Chinese elderly: validation of the Chinese version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory.
abstract: The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CCMAI) were studied in 164 demented patients. The agitation pattern in Chinese elderly was also examined in this study. The CCMAI demonstrated high validity, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability. Eighty-five percent of demented patients manifested one or more agitated behaviors at least once a week. Factor analysis yielded three subtypes of agitation: physically aggressive behaviors, physically nonaggressive behaviors, and verbally agitated behaviors. There was a linear upward trend in physical aggression as one progressed from one Global Deterioration Scale stage to the next. Community-living patients showed higher physically nonaggressive and verbally agitated behaviors, whereas institution residents exhibited a significantly higher level of physical aggression. The differences between residential and institutionalized patients need further research. Future study should focus not only on the behavioral disturbances; medical, psychological, and environmental factors should be taken into account to provide a more accurate profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, SAR.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results