title: A comparative study of CT fluoroscopy combined with fluoroscopy versus fluoroscopy alone for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared CT fluoroscopy (CTF) for the initial puncture of bile ducts with conventional fluoroscopic guidance in patients with malignant jaundice in whom percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was planned.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients were randomized to two study groups: group A underwent PTBD under CTF and fluoroscopic guidance, group B underwent PTBD under fluoroscopic guidance alone. CTF-guided PTBD was performed using a combination of a helical CT scanner of the latest generation and a mobile C-arm; conventional PTBD was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in the angiographic unit. End points of the study were the success (a puncture that enabled safe placement of a guidewire in a suitable bile duct) and the complication rate (hemobilia, bile fistula, biliary peritonitis), the number of punctures required, the time needed for successful puncture of a suitable bile duct, and the patient's radiation exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CTF-guided puncture of peripheral bile ducts suitable for PTBD was successful at the first attempt in 16 cases, under conventional fluoroscopic guidance, in only two cases. We found a significantly different number of punctures (1.2 in group A vs 2.9 in group B), a significantly shorter time for puncture in group A (mean 39 sec), but also a significantly higher skin exposure dosage in group A (mean 49.5 mSv surface dosage). There was no significant difference regarding the total procedure time. Only one complication occurred in group B (portobiliary fistula).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTF-guided initial puncture of bile ducts allowed a significantly reduced number of punctures and puncture times compared with puncture under conventional fluoroscopic guidance for placement of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage catheters.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Marienhospital Herne, Medizinische Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany. ulf.laufer@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kickuth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jendreck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001652:Bile Ducts; D002758:Cholangiography; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods