title: Hyperhomocysteinemia and other inherited prothrombotic conditions in young adults with a history of ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms of ischemic stroke in young adults are poorly understood. During the last years, several studies suggested a role for genetic factors predisposing to thrombophilia and for moderate hyperhomocysteinemia in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated in 132 consecutive patients (66 males, 66 females; mean+/-SD age, 38.4+/-11.7 years; mean+/-SD age at first event, 34.8+/-10.9 years; range, 6 months to 50 years) referred to our center between January 1997 and December 1999 for a history of young adult ischemic stroke (age at first event, <51 years) the prevalence of factor V (FV) Leiden, prothrombin (FII) G20210A, and C677T and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations and fasting serum total homocysteine levels. Two hundred sixty-two apparently healthy subjects (117 males, 145 females; mean+/-SD age, 36+/-13.2 years) served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total homocysteine levels differed significantly (P=0.004, t test) between patients and controls: 13.03+/-18.61 versus 10.75+/-6.24 micromol/L (mean+/-SD), respectively. In contrast, homozygosity for the TT mutation of the MTHFR gene was 30 of 132 (22.7%) in patients and 45 of 262 (17.2%) in controls; this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05, chi(2) test). However, when we stratified the whole population according to genotype, fasting serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in TT patients than in TT controls (25.3+/-36.8 versus 15+/-11.6 micromol/L; P=0.02, t test). Mutations of FV Leiden and of FII G20210A gene are currently reported to be associated with a tendency toward ischemic stroke. Their frequencies were not statistically significantly different between patients and controls in this setting: 7 of 132 (5.3%) versus 17 of 262 (6.5%) for FV Leiden and 10 of 132 (7.6%) versus 16 of 262 (6.1%) for FII G20210A, respectively (all P>0.05, chi(2) test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present cohort of patients, moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is the only variable that helps to identify young adults with a history of ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Centro di Coordinamento Regionale per le Emocoagulopatie, Clinica Medica, and Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università degli studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy. vadestef@unina.it
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madonna
authors.forename: Valentino
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Stefano
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cerbone
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orefice
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Minno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D006710:Homocysteine; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)