title: The biopsychosocial model and spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the importance of taking the psychological, social and biological aspects into consideration when dealing with somatic complaints of spinal cord injured patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supra-regional Spinal Injury Unit in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The somatic complaints of four patients with spinal cord injury were assessed and their relationship to psychological and social issues were correlated. Two patients suffered unexplained pain, another excessive spasm uncontrolled with intrathecal Baclofen pump and the fourth with several pressure sores, constipation and other physical problems. The impact of psychosocial issues on the somatic complaints were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all four patients the resolution of their psychosocial issues resulted in significant gains vis-à-vis their somatic complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological and social issues of spinal injury patients could have a serious impact on the resolution of somatic complaints. It is important to take these into consideration in their treatment.
authors.affiliation: Princess Royal Spinal Injuries Unit, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morsley
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D010264:Paraplegia; D011379:Prognosis; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012803:Sick Role; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*