title: Soluble ICAM-1 in breast cancer: clinical significance and biological implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In previous experiments, we demonstrated a decreased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-1) on both tumour cells and antigen-presenting cells derived from patients with breast cancer, resulting in an abrogation of antigen presentation and tumour cell lysis. Recently, increased levels of a soluble isoform of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) have been detected in the sera of breast cancer patients. The present investigation was performed in order to investigate the biological relevance of serum concentrations and the effects of sICAM-1 in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  sICAM-1 was determined using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay on sera from 88 patients with various stages of breast cancer and correlated with clinical parameters. The effect of sICAM-1 present in the sera of patients with breast cancer upon unspecific and anti-Her-21/neu antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), as well as upon antigen presentation, was determined using a 51Cr-release assay and [3H]thymidine-uptake of T cells after co-incubation with tetanus-toxoid-pulsed antigen-presenting cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with early breast cancer, serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly lower compared to patients with metastatic disease, but did not correlate with usual clinical parameters. In patients with metastatic breast cancer, a significant correlation of sICAM-1 with tumour markers CEA and CA 15-3 was observed. No influence of sICAM-1 upon unspecific cytotoxicity, ADCC, or the ability to present antigen was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The origin of sICAM-1 in the sera of patients with breast cancer remains unknown. In contrast to its membrane-bound isoform, sICAM-1 was increased in the sera of patients with various stages of breast cancer, but its presence did not influence unspecific cytotoxicity, ADCC, or antigen-induced T cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Köstler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brodowicz
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Budinsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flamm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hejna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krainer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiltschke
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zielinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D002857:Chromium / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases