title: A xiphoid approach for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The premise for adopting minimally invasive cardiac surgery techniques for myocardial revascularization is to reduce the patient's morbidity without compromising the efficacy of conventional coronary artery bypass. However, opening the pleura has been a limitation of using these approaches.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We used the xiphoid approach as an alternative to opening the pleura and to minimize pain after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review our surgical experience in 55 patients who underwent minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery through a xiphoid approach between October 1997 and August 1999. Thoracoscopy (n = 31) or direct vision (n = 24) were used for internal mammary artery (IMA) harvesting. Mean patient age was 67 +/- 10 years and 65% were men. The mean Parsonnet score was 23 +/- 10. Performed anastomoses included left IMA (LIMA) to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (n = 53), LIMA-to-LAD and saphenous vein graft from the LIMA to the right coronary artery (n = 1), and LIMA-to-LAD and right IMA (RIMA) to right coronary artery (n = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative complications included atrial fibrillation (12%), acute noninfectious pericarditis (12%), and acute renal failure (5%). Mean postoperative length of stay was 4 +/- 2 days. Angiography was performed in 16 patients and demonstrated excellent patency of the anastomoses. There was no operative mortality. Actuarial survival was 98% in a mean follow-up period of 11 +/- 5 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass can be performed safely through a xiphoid approach with low morbidity, mortality, and a relatively short hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Benetti Foundation, Rosario, Argentina.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dullum
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Stamou
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Corso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014989:Xiphoid Bone / Q000601:surgery*