title: Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor is present in human amniotic fluid and breast milk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family that has been implicated in the healing of various organ injuries. Endogenous HB-EGF production is upregulated in response to injury to the kidney, liver, brain, skin, and intestine. Exogenous administration of HB-EGF protects against intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and necrosis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study examines the presence of endogenous HB-EGF in human amniotic fluid and breast milk, fluids that are in intimate contact with the developing and neonatal gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast milk samples were collected from lactating women and amniotic fluid was gathered from full-term uteri (cesarian sections) or preterm uteri (amniocentesis). Crude and partially purified breast milk and amniotic fluid samples were analyzed for HB-EGF levels using an HB-EGF-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis results showed detectable HB-EGF levels in human amniotic fluid and breast milk, ranging from 0.2 to 230 pg/mL. Breast milk and amniotic fluid subjected to heparin affinity or HB-EGF-affinity column chromatography showed bioactivity eluting at positions consistent with those known for native HB-EGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study represents the first report of detectable HB-EGF in human amniotic fluid and breast milk. The presence of HB-EGF in these fluids may serve a role in the development of the gastrointestinal tract in utero, and in protection against gut mucosal injury after birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Michalsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lara-Marquez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Besner
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: C587883:HBEGF protein, human; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor