title: Microwave assisted solvent extraction and coupled-column reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection use of an analytical restricted-access-medium column for the efficient multi-residue analysis of acidic pesticides in soils.
abstract: A screening method has been developed for the determination of acidic pesticides in various types of soils. Methodology is based on the use of microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE) for fast and efficient extraction of the analytes from the soils and coupled-column reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC-LC) with UV detection at 228 nm for the instrumental analysis of uncleaned extracts. Four types of soils, including sand, clay and peat, with a range in organic matter content of 0.3-13% and ten acidic pesticides of different chemical families (bentazone, bromoxynil, metsulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D, MCPA, MCPP, 2,4-DP, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-DB and MCPB) were selected as matrices and analytes, respectively. The method developed included the selection of suitable MASE and LC-LC conditions. The latter consisted of the selection of a 5-microm GFF-II internal surface reversed-phase (ISRP, Pinkerton) analytical column (50 x 4.6 mm, I.D.) as the first column in the RAM-C18 configuration in combination with an optimised linear gradient elution including on-line cleanup of sample extracts and reconditioning of the columns. The method was validated with the analysis of freshly spiked samples and samples with aged residues (120 days). The four types of soils were spiked with the ten acidic pesticides at levels between 20 and 200 microg/kg. Weighted regression of the recovery data showed for most analyte-matrix combinations, including freshly spiked samples and aged residues, that the method provides overall recoveries between 60 and 90% with relative standard deviations of the intra-laboratory reproducibility's between 5 and 25%; LODs were obtained between 5 and 50 microg/kg. Evaluation of the data set with principal component analysis revealed that the parameters (i) increase of organic matter content of the soil samples and (ii) aged residues negatively effect the recovery of the analytes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic-Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. elbert.hogendoorn@rivm.nl
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hogendoom
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huls
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dijkman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoogerbrugge
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008872:Microwaves; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents