title: [Study on infection of transfusion transmitted virus in serum, breast milk of pregnant women and umbilical venous blood from their newborns].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) infection in pregnant women and their newborns, and the route of transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum, breast milk from 150 pregnant women and umbilical venous blood from their newborns were collected. TTV DNA was amplified by semi-nested-polymerase chain reaction, and the positive products were sequenced directly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rate of TTV DNA in pregnancy serum was 11.3% (17/150). Among the 17 serum positive cases, TTV DNA was detected in 11 breast milk samples, and none in all the umbilical blood. The homologous of partial nucleotide sequence of TTV DNA between the 3 serum samples and their breast milk were 97.6%-99.2%. Compared the 5 serum positive samples (A1-A5) with N22 segments of Japanese original isolate, the homologous of partial nucleotide and amino acid sequence were 71.5%-92.8%, 71.5%-92.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There exists TTV infection in pregnancy serum and breast milk. Transmission by breast feeding may be one of the main pathway causing TTV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D022783:Torque teno virus; D065227:Transfusion Reaction