title: Head circumference in chronic renal failure from birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic renal failure in childhood jeopardizes both growth and development. In children with chronic renal failure from birth, growth in height and weight have been found to be generally poor. Few data on head circumference are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 19 children with chronic renal failure from birth was studied from the early weeks of life to the age of 5 years. There were 18 boys; and 18 patients had congenital renal hypoplasia or hypodysplasia associated with obstructive uropathies. Eight patients received recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) after the age of 2 years. Only 2 patients needed renal replacement therapy before the age of 5 years. Data after transplantation were not included.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following variables were analyzed: body height, body mass index and head circumference. Data were expressed in median values of standard deviations scores (SDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first 3 months of life there was a significant drop in height SDS, body mass index SDS and head circumference SDS. Thereafter, a stable growth velocity was observed for the rest of the study period, except for body mass index SDS. which improved after 36 months. There was a striking difference between patients who needed treatment or not with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Patients without rhGH displayed a stable growth after the age of 3 months until 5 years of age. In the remaining 8 patients, rhGH treatment resulted in a significant increase not only in height SDS but also in head circumference SDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In infants and young children with chronic renal failure from birth, growth in head circumference parallels growth in body height. This applies to all patients and to data before and during rhGH treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Dyck
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Proesmans
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D003404:Creatinine