title: Relationship between the renin-angiotensin system genes and diabetic nephropathy in the Chinese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify whether genetic variants of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Chinese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 173 Chinese subjects of Han nationality from Shanghai were classified into! control, DN (-) and DN (+) groups. The latter was subdivided according to diabetic duration at the onset of DN and the stage of DN. Genotyping of five polymorphic sites in four key genes of the RAS: the AGT-T174M, AGT-M235T and AGTR1 genotypes were determined by PCR/restriction enzyme digestion. The insertion/deletion (I/D) and [ACAC] n-STR microsatellite polymorphic markers were used for ACE and REN genotyping, respectively. Statistical analysis showed comparisons of gene frequencies between any two groups were made with Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of DN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of ACE-DD genotype and ACE-D allele were much higher in DN(+) group than in DN (-) group (0.25 vs 0.05, 0.47 vs 0.29, respectively), so were the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele in AGT-M235T (0.73 vs 0.54, 0.85 vs 0.68, respectively). DN (+) DUR < 5 years group had greatly increased frequencies of AGT-M235T allele and ACE-DD genotype in comparison with DN(-) group (0.92 vs 0.68 and 0.28 vs 0.05, respectively). Logistic regression analysis further identified these two genes as contributing factors to DN. Although AGTR1 and AGT-T174M genotyping analysis revealed differences in frequency distribution between DN (+) and DN (-) or control groups, logistic regression analysis failed to implicate them in the development of DN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed RAS genes, ACE and AGT-M235T but not AGT-T174M, AGTR1 or REN genotypes, as contributing factors for DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Laboratory and Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*