title: A long-term follow-up study after retro-orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective analysis was to find out whether low-dose radiation, which is used in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy, could cause radiation-induced cancer, which would in turn adversely affect the survival of the irradiated population and cause an increase in the cancer-specific death rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1963 to 1978, 250 patients received bilateral orbital irradiation for a progressive Graves' ophthalmopathy. Median age was 49 years. Overall survival and causes of death were evaluated with the help of patients still living, registration offices, medical records, referring physicians, and relatives. Survival curves were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. The outcome for each patient was compared with data from life tables regarding gender, age, and calendar period-specific person-years at risk. In addition, treatment outcome for living patients was evaluated with a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 31 years, 102 patients are still alive, 123 patients have died, and 25 patients have been lost to follow-up. The 10-year, 20-year, and 30-year survival rates were 89%, 68%, and 49%, compared with the age-adapted survival rate of the normal population of 92%, 76%, and 52%. Evaluation of cancer-specific survival was possible in 166 cases. The 10-year, 20-year, and 30-year cancer-specific survival rates were 98%, 92%, and 88%, compared with 97%, 93%, and 87% in the normal population. Treatment response was evaluable in 94 cases. A complete response was reported in 41 patients, a partial response in 39 patients, and no change in 14 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant evidence of radiation-induced cancer death was seen in this small cohort of patients treated with radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. The long-term treatment results seem to be satisfactory. Studies with greater numbers of patients are necessary to examine the risks and benefits more precisely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Hospital, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany. uschafe@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hesselmann
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Micke
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schueller
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: Curro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Normann
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Willich
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000401:mortality*; D009915:Orbit; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome