title: Glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids may have both local and systemic effects: a study of residual fluid and mesothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids are heat sterilized, glucose is degraded to carbonyl compounds. These compounds are known to interfere with many cellular functions and to promote the formation of advanced glycation end-products. However, little is known about what actually happens with glucose degradation products (GDPs) after infusion into the peritoneal cavity. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible targets for GDPs in the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro reactions between residual fluid and GDPs were studied by incubating unused PD fluid with overnight dialysate. Confluent monolayer cultures of human mesothelial cells were used as a model to study the reactions of GDPs with the cells lining the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were analyzed, using high pressure liquid chromatography, for the presence of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG). Cytotoxicity was determined as inhibition of proliferation of cultured fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the analyzed GDPs reacted with overnight dialysate. Formaldehyde and methylglyoxal, in contrast to 3-DG and 5-HMF, reacted with the cultured mesothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low molecular weight carbonyls such as formaldehyde and methylglyoxal most probably react with the mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity, and could be responsible for the disappearance of these cells during long-term treatment. 3-Deoxyglucosone showed remarkably low reactivity and was most probably transported within the patient.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Biological Research, Gambro AB, Hechingen, Germany. torbjorn.linden@gambro.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Musi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Järkelid
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forsbäck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kjellstrand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deppisch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wieslander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000633:toxicity*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D005947:Glucose