title: Once-daily budesonide inhalation suspension in infants and children < 4 and > or = 4 years of age with persistent asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Budesonide inhalation suspension (Pulmicort Respules; AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE), a nebulized corticosteroid, was developed for use in infants and young children with persistent asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily budesonide inhalation suspension in children < 4 years of age and in those > or = 4 years of age with persistent asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis stratified by age group was performed on data from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of budesonide inhalation suspension 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, or 1.0 mg once daily for 12 weeks in children 6 months to 8 years of age with persistent asthma. Clinical assessments included nighttime and daytime asthma symptoms, breakthrough medication use, adverse events, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both randomized studies, budesonide inhalation suspension demonstrated statistically significant improvement in nighttime and daytime asthma symptom scores compared with placebo. In the retrospective analysis of pooled data from these studies, the efficacy of budesonide was maintained when children were stratified by age group. Clinical improvements from baseline in nighttime and daytime asthma symptom scores were observed in both age groups at all budesonide inhalation suspension dose levels. No significant differences were observed between age groups in breakthrough medication use in any of the treatment groups. No differences were observed in the incidence of adverse events between the two age groups, and significant (P < 0.01) effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis function was apparent only in children < 4 years of age at the 0.25-mg dose level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-daily budesonide inhalation suspension is effective in the treatment of persistent asthma in children aged < 4 and > or = 4 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Fairfield County Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Associates, Norwalk, Connecticut 06851, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz-Rivera
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D019819:Budesonide