title: Sentinel lymph-node biopsy for melanoma of the trunk and extremities: the McGill experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of sentinel lymph-node (SLN) biopsy for melanoma of the trunk and extremities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Royal Victoria Hospital, a Canadian university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients (18 women and 18 men) seen between October 1996 and December 1998 with melanoma 1 mm or more in thickness with clinically negative lymph-node basins. Follow-up was 396 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  SLN biopsy. Technetium-99m filtered sulfur colloid (0.5 mCi) was injected intradermally around the melanoma or the excision scar 10 to 15 minutes before the surgical skin preparation. The identification of the SLN(s) was done with a hand-held gamma probe. Local anesthesia was used mostly for inguinal SLN biopsy whereas general anesthesia was usually required for axillary SLN biopsy. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was used only for trunk melanomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morbidity, successful identification of the sentinel node and locoregional recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 53.4 years (range from 22-76 yr). The melanomas were distributed between the lower extremities (20 patients), upper extremities (8 patients) and trunk (8 patients). The mean Breslow thickness was 2.35 mm (range from 1-8 mm). Lymphoscintigraphy accurately localized the lymph-node drainage basin for trunk melanomas. In 1 patient the SLN could not be identified because the radiocolloid failed to migrate (failure rate 2.8%). The average number of SLNs removed was 1.97. Eight patients (22%) had sentinel nodes positive for malignant disease. The postoperative complication rate was 8.5%. Seven of 8 patients with positive SLNs underwent a complete node dissection (1 patient refused). Of the completion dissections only 2 patients had positive non-SLNs. All patients with positive nodes received interferon alpha-2b as adjuvant treatment. At follow-up, 34 patients are alive with no evidence of disease, 1 patient with a positive SLN is alive with distant metastatic disease and 1 patient with a negative SLN is dead of disseminated disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLN biopsy is a feasible technique with an acceptable failure rate and is thus a useful tool in the surgical management of melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louffi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meterissian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid