title: Myocardial ischemia. Monitoring to diagnose ischemia: how do I monitor therapy?
abstract: Diagnosis of myocardial ischemia requires integration of ECG, pulmonary artery pressures, and TEE data. ST depression of 1 mV or elevation of 2 mV remains the mainstay of diagnosis of ischemia. Increases of pulmonary artery pressures of 5 mm Hg are common but not reliably diagnostic of ischemia. Transesophageal echocardiography is the most sensitive monitor of ischemia, where the spectra of SWMA evolve. Diastolic dysfunction (elevations in LVEDP) is a more sensitive marker of ischemia, but requires measurement of several Doppler patterns. After diagnosis, treatment should include optimization of hemodynamics (beginning with beta-blockers and nitrates), anesthesia, and oxygen-carrying capacity (e.g., normothermia, oxygen saturation, hematocrit more than 28%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. skidmore@anesthesia.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Skidmore
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*