title: Adrenoceptor hyporeactivity is responsible for Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced acute vascular dysfunction in humans.
abstract: Impaired response to catecholamines contributes to the altered hemodynamics in sepsis, which has been attributed to excessive NO formation. We have studied the systemic hemodynamic and local forearm responses and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression during experimental endotoxemia in humans. Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) was administered at doses of 1 or 2 ng/kg to healthy volunteers. In 10 subjects, the systemic pressor effect of phenylephrine was assessed before and after the administration of LPS. In 9 further subjects, forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial noradrenaline, acetylcholine, glyceryl trinitrate, and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) were studied at baseline and after LPS administration. Peripheral blood was collected and analyzed for iNOS mRNA and protein. Four hours after LPS, the response of systolic blood pressure (P<0.0005) and heart rate (P<0.05) to phenylephrine was significantly reduced. In the forearm, noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction was also reduced by approximately 50% (P<0.01), but L-NMMA responsiveness was unchanged. iNOS mRNA or protein was not increased. Marked vascular adrenoceptor hyporeactivity is detectable in the absence of increased NO activity or iNOS expression in endotoxemia, arguing against major involvement of vascular iNOS activity in the acute systemic vasodilation to LPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pleiner
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heere-Ress
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Langenberger
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sieder
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayerle-Eder
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mittermayer
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuchsjäger-Mayrl
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolzt
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D004731:Endotoxins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009638:Norepinephrine