Radiation exposure assessment using cytological and molecular biomarkers.
Chromosome aberration analysis is the conventional means of assessing radiation exposure. The Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute recently established an alternative method to measure radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in interphase cells. The method uses commercially available chemical agents to induce premature chromosome condensation in resting' G0 human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Then specific whole-chromosome DNA probes are used with fluorescence in situ hybridisation to detect aberrant cells rapidly over a broad dose range. In new research, the real-time fluorogenic 5'-nuclease, or TaqMan, polymerase chain reaction assay is being used to identify radiation-responsive molecular biomarkers, including gene expression targets and DNA mutations. The goal is to establish rapid, precise, high-throughput assay systems that are practical in a variety of radiation exposure scenarios. The new methodologies that have a number of other applications, together with diagnostic software now in development, could improve the United States military's emergency response capability and medical readiness.
Blakely
W F
WF
AFRRI/ACR 8901 Wisconsin Avenue Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA. blakely@afrri.usuhs.mil
Prasanna
P G
PG
Grace
M B
MB
Miller
A C
AC
D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D015415:Biomarkers; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)