title: Improvement in severe self-mutilation following limbic leucotomy: a series of 5 consecutive cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of neurosurgical intervention for self-mutilation behavior associated with severe, intractable psychiatric disorders remains undetermined. We report the effects of limbic leucotomy in 5 consecutive patients with severe self-mutilation behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  After unsolicited referrals from their psychiatrists and careful consideration by the Massachusetts General Hospital Cingulotomy Assessment Committee (MGH-CAC), 5 patients were treated with limbic leucotomy. Their primary DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses were either obsessive-compulsive disorder or schizoaffective disorder. Comorbid severe, treatment-refractory self-mutilation was an additional target symptom. Outcome was measured by an independent observer using the Clinical Global Improvement. Current Global Psychiatric-Social Status Rating, and DSM-IV Global Assessment of Functioning scales in addition to telephone interviews with patients, families, their psychiatrists, and treatment teams. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 31.5 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measures indicated sustained improvement in 4 of 5 patients. In particular, there was a substantial decrease in self-mutilation behaviors. Postoperative complications were transient in nature. and postoperative compared with preoperative neuropsychological assessments revealed no clinically significant deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In carefully selected patients as described in this report, limbic leucotomy may be an appropriate therapeutic consideration for self-mutilation associated with severe, intractable psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. priceb@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baral
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nierenberg
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jenike
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Cassem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011612:Psychosurgery; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome