title: Psychosocial, lifestyle, and health status variables in predicting high attendance among adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing consultation rates have implications for the organisation of health services, the quality of care, and understanding the decision to consult. Most quantitative studies have concentrated on very high attenders--not those attending five or more times a year, who are responsible for most (60%) consultations--and have assessed neither the role of lifestyle nor patients' attitudes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess associations with higher than average attendance (five or more times ayear).
  
  
  METHODS
  Postal questionnaire sent to a random sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four thousand adults (one per household) from six general practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analysed to identify predictors significantly associated with higher than average attendance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 74%. Sef-reported attendance agreed with the notes (r = 0.80, likelihood ratio for a positive test = 9.4). Higher attendance was independently predicted by the severity of ill health (COOP score = 0-7, 8-9, and 10+; adjusted odds ratios= 1, 1.72, 1.91 respectively; test for trend P<0.001) and the number of reported medical problems (COOP score = 0, 1, 2, and 3+ respectively; adjusted ORs = 1, 2.05, 2.31, 4.29; P<0.001). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, medical problems, the severity of physical ill health, and other confounders, high attendance was more likely in those with medically unexplained somatic symptoms (0, 1-2, 3-5, and 6+ symptoms respectively, ORs = 1, 1.15, 1.48, and 1.62; P<0.001); health anxiety (Whitely Index = 0, 1-5, 6-7 and 8+ respectively, ORs = 1, 1.22, 1.77, and 2.78; P<0.001); and poor perceived health ('very good', 'good', 'poor' respectively, ORs = 1, 1.61, and 2.93; P<0.001). Attendance was less likely in those with negative attitudes to repeated surgery use (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.47-0.78), or to doctors (Negdoc scale <18, 18-20, and 21+ respectively; ORs = 1, 0.87, 0.67; P<0.001), in those usually trying the pharmacy first (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.78), and those consuming alcohol (0, 1, 2, 3+ units/day respectively; ORs = 1, 0.62, 0.41, 0.29; P<0.001). Anxiety or depression predicted perceived health, unexplained symptoms, and health anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategies to manage somatic symptoms, health anxiety, dealing with the causes of--or treating--anxiety and depression, and encouraging use of the pharmacy have the potential both to help patients manage symptoms and in the decision to consult. Sensitivity to the psychological factors contributing to the decision to consult should help doctors achieve a better shared understanding with their patients and help inform appropriate treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Primary Medical Care Group, Aldemoor Health Centre, Southampton. psl3@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Somerville
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peveler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology