title: Increased incidence of anti-LKM autoantibodies in a consecutive cohort of hepatitis C patients from central Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Greece, there are insufficient data regarding the presence of non-organ and liver-related autoantibodies in hepatitis C patients. This study in a consecutive cohort of 39 such patients from central Greece investigates (1) the prevalence of non-organ and liver-related autoantibodies, and (2) the reactivity of anti-liver-kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies (in the case of positivity with at least one of the methods used) against their molecularly defined antigens.
  
  
  METHODS
  All serum samples were tested by standard and molecular assays for the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies, smooth muscle antibodies, anti-liver-kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies, antibodies against parietal cells, anti-CYP2A6, anti-CYP1A2 and anti-CYP2D6 autoantibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indirect immunofluorescence, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting and novel radioligand assays based on immunoprecipitation of [35S]-methionine labelled recombinant CYP2A6, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 His-taq fusion proteins produced by in vitro transcription/translation were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven out of 39 patients (17.9%) tested positive for smooth muscle antibodies, 2/39 (5.1%) tested positive for anti-nuclear antibodies, 1/39 (2.5%) tested positive for parietal cell antibodies, and 4/39 (10.3%) were found to be anti-liver-kidney microsomal positive (with at least one of the methods used). All sera were negative for anti-CYP2A6 and anti-CYP1A2 autoantibodies. Three out of four anti-liver-kidney microsomal positive samples had the typical liver-kidney microsomal staining pattern shown by indirect immunofluorescence. However, none tested positive for anti-CYP2D6 autoantibodies using the competitive CYP2D6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the specific CYP2D6 radioligand assay, and western blot using either human microsomes or recombinant CYP2D6. The fourth patient tested negative for anti-liver-kidney autoantibodies by either indirect immunofluorescence or the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but was repeatedly positive for anti-CYP2D6 autoantibodies by the sensitive and specific radioligand assay. Western blot experiments using human microsomes in this patient serum revealed two bands of 50 kDa and 55 kDa that documented as anti-CYP2D6 and anti-uridine triphosphate glucuronosyltransferase autoantibodies when recombinant CYP2D6 and recombinant uridine triphosphate glucuronosyltransferase autoantigens were used for immunoblot, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relatively high incidence of anti-liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies (10.3%) was found in a consecutive sample of Greek patients with hepatitis C. The expanded panel of assays, however, failed to document CYP2D6 as the target autoantigen of anti-liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies in most patients. We report for the first time the detection of parietal cell antibodies and both anti-CYP2D6 (anti-liver-kidney microsomal type 1) and anti-uridine triphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (anti-liver-kidney microsomal type 3) autoantibodies in patients who were hepatitis C positive/hepatitis D negative. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to determine whether these preliminary results have a clinical importance or not.
authors.affiliation: Academic Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Larisa Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece. dalekos@med.uth.gr
authors.forename: Georgios N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Dalekos
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Makri
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loges
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Obermayer-Straub
authors.forename: Kalliopi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zachou
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsikrikas
authors.forename: Elenore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papadamou
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000276:immunology; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000276:immunology; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C060729:anti-liver kidney microsome antibody; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585710:CYP2A6 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6