title: Ethnic differences in patient perceptions of atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation therapy: the West Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that different ethnic groups would have different levels of knowledge and perceptions of atrial fibrillation (AF) and of their antithrombotic therapy. To investigate this further, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients with documented chronic AF who were attending the anticoagulation clinic in our city center teaching hospital, serving a multiethnic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed 119 patients (77 male; mean age 69+/-9 years [mean+/-SD]); of these, 39 were Indo-Asian (33%), 27 Afro-Caribbean (23%), and 53 white (44%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 63% of patients in the overall study cohort were aware of their cardiac condition, with Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbeans significantly less aware of AF compared with the white patients (P<0.001). When questioned about the perception of the severity of the underlying condition, the majority (61%) felt that AF was "not serious." A large proportion were unaware that AF predisposed to thrombosis and stroke; among the ethnic groups, Indo-Asians appeared to be the least aware of the stroke and thromboembolic associations of AF. Only 52% in the whole cohort were aware of the reason(s) for commencing their warfarin, whereas the remainder began warfarin therapy simply because their "doctor told them to." Most patients in the whole cohort were aware of warfarin being used to prevent blood clots (65%) or stroke (66%), but Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbeans were less so. Only 45% of the study cohort believed that there was some risk associated with warfarin therapy in the form of either "bleeding" or "poisoning." Only a minority of Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbeans with AF felt that their doctor had given them enough information about their warfarin therapy, and many from these ethnic groups felt that they were careless about taking their warfarin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, many patients with AF possess very limited knowledge of AF as well as its consequences and therapy. In particular, our study has highlighted significant differences between different ethnic groups in terms of their knowledge of the risks, actions, and benefits of warfarin as well as of AF itself.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, England. g.y.h.lip@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.forename: Afzal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bareford
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010361:Patients; D010465:Perception; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin