title: The validity of the Gammarus:Asellus ratio as an index of organic pollution: abiotic and biotic influences.
abstract: In freshwaters. Gammarus spp. are more sensitive to organic pollution than Asellus spp. and the relative abundance of the two taxa has been proposed as a pollution index. We tested the validity of this by examining the relationship between the Gammarus: Asellus (G : A) ratio and (1) a suite of physico-chemical variables. (2) established biotic (average score per taxon, ASPT) and richness (species richness (S) and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera families richness (EPT family richness)) indices generated from the macroinvertebrate community. In addition, we investigated a suspected biotic interaction, predation, between Gammarus and Asellus. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the G: A ratio was sometimes responsive to changes in parameters linked to organic pollution, such as BOD5 and nitrate levels. However, the G : A ratio also appeared responsive to variables not directly linked to organic pollution, such as conductivity and distance from source. There were significant positive correlations among the G : A ratio and the ASPT, S and EPT, indicating that changes in the relative abundances of Gammarus and Asellus were reflected in changes in the pollution sensitivity and richness of the wider macroinvertebrate community. A laboratory experiment revealed significant predation of Asellus aquaticus juveniles by Gammarus duebeni celticus adults, but no reciprocal predation. We propose that the G: A ratio may be useful as a crude measure of organic pollution that could supplement more complex indices in a multimetric approach to pollution monitoring or be used for monitoring individual sites, where a simple technique is required for monitoring purposes over a period of time. Also, we urge recognition of the possible role of biotic interactions among taxa used in the generation of pollution indices.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, N Ireland, UK. c.macneil@queens-belfast.ac.uk
authors.forename: Calum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacNeil
authors.forename: Jaimie T A
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: Ewan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bigsby
authors.forename: Robert  W
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elwood
authors.forename: W Ian
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Chris N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Gibbins
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003445:Crustacea; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007313:Insecta; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical