title: Adequate endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer obtained from the dissecting microscopic features of the resected specimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have employed endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), using a cap-fitted panendoscope (EMRC), for early gastric cancer since 1992. The presence of an adequate surgical margin is a requirement because of the radicality of EMR, and dissecting microscopic examination is useful in regard to the diagnosis of spread of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  To devise an adequate method of EMR that allows no lateral residue, we examined gastric mucosal specimens obtained by EMRC. One hundred and sixty-seven specimens from 97 lesions in 85 patients treated by EMRC were examined in regard to characteristic features, the recovery of marks made around the lesion, and the frequency of residue, and comparisons were made between the dissecting microscopic and histopathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first specimen obtained with a large cap under full suction was a circular shape measuring 21 x 19mm. The second specimen from fractionated resection was a half-moon or crescent shape, and the third specimen had a ginkgo leaflike or irregular shape. In the elevated lesions, coincidence regarding the spread, as determined by dissecting microscopy and histopathology, was present in 62 (93%) of the 67 lesions. In 16 (53%) of 30 flat or depressed lesions, there was a difference of 2 to 5 mm between the spread determined by these two examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to place an adequate number of marks around the lesion and recover all marks by resection. When an elevated lesion measures 15mm or more, and a flat or depressed lesion is not clearly demarcated, aggressive use of planned fractionated resection seems to be the best way to prevent a lateral residue in EMR.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery