title: Neuropsychological differences among empirically derived clinical subtypes of schizophrenia.
abstract: Neuropsychological profile differences between empirically derived clinical subtypes of schizophrenia were examined. Two hundred five patients and 209 demographically matched controls were administered a neuropsychological battery examining 8 domains. Subtypes included negative, disorganized, paranoid, Schneiderian, and mild. All subtypes displayed a neuropsychological profile of generalized impairment with greater deficits in learning, memory, and attention. Results were suggestive of diffuse cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia with more severe deficits in learning and memory relative to executive skills. This pattern of greater learning and memory impairment was pronounced for disorganized patients. In contrast, paranoid patients outperformed disorganized and negative patients in several domains. These findings reflect bilateral frontal-temporal dysfunction, particularly in disorganized and negative patients. Subtype differences highlight the importance of conceptualizing schizophrenia as a multifocal disorder.
authors.affiliation: Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ragland
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology