title: Graphical human insulin time-activity profiles using standardized definitions.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to (1) develop consistent definitions to report time-activity profiles of insulin formulations, (2) determine human insulin time-activity profiles based on all available pharmacokinetic studies of biosynthetic human insulin rDNA(E. coli) (Humulin), and (3) create graphs that accurately and usefully represent human insulin time-activity profiles (TAPs). Standard definitions of onset, peak, duration, and time of 50% maximal activity were developed for human insulin. Results from all pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies available on human insulin from searches of both published literature and unpublished work were analyzed by these standard methods. Data obtained using these definitions were used to construct diagrams of the time-activity relationships for each formulation. Sixty-three insulin tests utilizing a variety of methodologies and data analysis techniques were located. Time-activity curves generated by application of standardized definitions varied depending on methodology, and on whether glucose, insulin and/or glucose infusion rates were used as the measure of insulin activity. A method of standard analysis is required for evaluating insulin pharmacokinetic studies due to the wide variation in design of these studies. Graphic representation of ranges obtained by standard analysis of onset, peak, duration, and 50% maximal activity increase the information transmitted when compared to currently used tables of time-activity data. The time of 50% maximal activity during increasing and decreasing phases may be a better marker of clinically significant activity than the classically defined parameters of onset and duration.
authors.affiliation: Marshfield Clinic, Eau Claire Center, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Frohnauer
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Woodworth
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003626:Data Display; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin