title: No effect of hypergravity on adult rat ventral horn neuron size or SDH activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spaceflights of short duration (approximately 2 wk) result in adaptations in the size and/or metabolic properties of a select population of motoneurons located in the lumbosacral region of the rat spinal cord. A decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, an oxidative marker enzyme) activity of moderately sized (500-800 microm2) motoneurons in the retrodorsolateral region of the spinal cord (L6) has been observed after a 14-d flight.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our hypothesis was that exposure to short-term hypergravity would result in adaptations in the opposite direction, reflecting a continuum of morphological and biochemical responses in the spinal motoneurons from zero gravity to hypergravity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young, male rats were centrifuged at either 1.5 or 2.0 G for 2 wk. The size and SDH activity of a population of motoneurons in the retrodorsolateral region of the spinal cord (L5) were determined and compared with age-matched rats maintained at 1.0 G. The absolute and relative (to body weight) masses of the soleus, gastrocnemius, adductor longus and tibialis anterior muscles were compared among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no effects of either hypergravity intervention on the motoneuron properties. Rats maintained under hypergravity conditions gained less body mass than rats kept at 1.0 G. For the 1.5 and 2.0 G groups, the muscle absolute mass was smaller and relative mass similar to that observed in the 1.0 G rats, except for the adductor longus. The adductor longus absolute mass was similar to and the relative mass larger in both hypergravity groups than in the 1.0 G group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our hypothesis was rejected. The findings suggest that rat motoneurons are more responsive to short-term chronic exposure to spaceflight than to hypergravity conditions.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Institute , University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA. rrr@ucla.edu
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Edgerton
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D018471:Hypergravity; D009046:Motor Neurons; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013026:Space Flight; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase