title: A joint structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigation of substituent effects on host-guest complexation of bicyclic azoalkanes by beta-cyclodextrin.
abstract: Derivatives of the azoalkane 2,3-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]oct-2-ene (1a) with bridgehead 1,4-dialkyl (1b), 1,4-dichloro (1c), 1-hydroxymethyl (1d), 1-aminomethyl (1e), and 1-ammoniummethyl (1f) substituents form host-guest inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin. They were employed as probes to assess substituent effects on the kinetics and thermodynamics of this complexation by using time-resolved and steady-state fluorimetry, UV spectrophotometry, induced circular dichroism (ICD) measurements, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The kinetic analysis based on quenching of the long-lived fluorescence of the azoalkanes by addition of host provided excited-state association rate constants between 2.6 x 10(8) and 7.0 x 10(8) M(-)(1) s(-)(1). The binding constants for 1a (1100 M(-1)), 1b (900 M(-1)), 1c (1900 M(-1)), 1d (180 M(-1)), 1e (250 M(-1)), and 1f (ca. 20 M(-1)) were obtained by UV, NMR, and ICD titrations. A positive ICD signal of the azo absorption around 370 nm was observed for the beta-cyclodextrin complexes of 1a, 1d, and 1f with the intensity order 1a >> 1d approximately 1f, and a negative signal was measured for those of 1b, 1c, and 1e with the intensity order 1c < 1b approximately 1e. The ICD was employed for the assignment of the solution structures of the complexes, in particular the relative orientation of the guest in the host (co-conformation).
authors.affiliation: Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gramlich
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Werner M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nau
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005470:Fluorometry; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010777:Photochemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013816:Thermodynamics; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C031215:betadex