title: [The history of correction of refractive errors: spectacles].
abstract: An historical analysis of discoveries related to the treatment of defects of vision is described. Opinions on visual processes, optics and methods of treating myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism from ancient times through the Middle Ages, the renaissance and the following centuries are presented in particular. The beginning of the usage of glasses is discussed. Examples of the techniques which have been used to improve the subjective and objective methods of measuring refractive errors are also presented.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wojtyczkak
mesh_terms: D005139:Eyeglasses / Q000266:history*; D049690:History, Ancient; D049692:History, Early Modern 1451-1600; D049691:History, Medieval; D049711:History, Modern 1601-; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000266:history*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular
vernacular_title: Historia korekcji wad refrakcji - szkła okularowe.