title: Cytotoxic effects of 10% citric acid and EDTA-T used as root canal irrigants: an in vitro analysis.
abstract: EDTA-T and 10% citric acid used as root canal irrigants lead to more visible dentinal tubules than 5% sodium hypochlorite associated with 3% hydrogen peroxide. However, these cleansing agents must be compatible with apical periodontal tissue. We analyzed the cytotoxicity of 10% citric acid and EDTA-T in cultured fibroblasts using Trypan blue. The solutions were diluted to 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% and applied to NIH 3T3 cell cultures. Cells grown on fresh DMEM served as a control. After 0, 6, 12, and 24 h (short-term assay, viability) and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days (long-term assay, survival), the cells were counted using a hemocytometer. In short-term tests, cell viability ranged from 85% to 99% for all experimental groups with no statistical differences when compared with control cultures, except for the group treated with 1% EDTA-T, which caused a progressive decrease in cell viability. In long-term tests, all cultures increased in number from day 1 to the end of the experimental period, showing no inhibition of cell proliferation, except for the cultures treated with 1% EDTA-T, which totally prevented cell growth. All dilutions of 10% citric acid were more biocompatible than EDTA-T. Cultures treated with citric acid had a higher percentage of viable cells in the short-term assays, and the cells retained their self-renewal capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sceiza
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jaeger
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D009583:Nitrofurazone / Q000633:toxicity; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000633:toxicity*; D016369:Smear Layer; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D004492:Edetic Acid; D009583:Nitrofurazone