title: Synthesis and characterization of a series of novel monoacylated ascorbic acid derivatives, 6-O-acyl-2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acids, as skin antioxidants.
abstract: A series of novel monoacylated vitamin C derivatives were chemically synthesized with a stable ascorbate derivative, 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), and acid anhydrides in pyridine. Their solubility in organic phase, thermal stability, radical scavenging activity, and in vitro skin permeability was evaluated. These monoacylated derivatives were identified as 6-O-acyl-2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acids (6-Acyl-AA-2G) by UV spectra, elemental analyses, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reactions afforded 6-Acyl-AA-2G in high yields (30-60%). 6-Acyl-AA-2G exhibited satisfactory stability in neutral solution comparable to that of a typical stable derivative, AA-2G, and also showed the radical scavenging activity. The lipid solubility of 6-Acyl-AA-2G was increased with increasing length of their acyl group. Increased skin permeability was superior to those of AA-2G and ascorbic acid (AsA). 6-Acyl-AA-2G that is susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis by tissue esterase and/or alpha-glucosidase produces AA-2G and AsA, which is in the skin tissues. Thus, these findings indicate that the novel vitamin C derivatives presented here, 6-Acyl-AA-2G, may be effective antioxidants in skin care and medicinal use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. iyamamoto@pheasant.pharm.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujinami
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Shino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okazaki
mesh_terms: D020003:1-Octanol; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005960:Glucosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014867:Water; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005960:Glucosides; D014867:Water; D004950:Esterases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D020003:1-Octanol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid