title: PPARgamma is not a critical mediator of primary monocyte differentiation or foam cell formation.
abstract: In the present report we clarify the role of PPARgamma in differentiation and function of human-derived monocyte/macrophages in vitro. Rosiglitazone, a selective PPARgamma activator, had no effect on the kinetics of appearance of monocyte/macrophage differentiation markers or on cell size or granularity. Depletion of PPARgamma by more than 90% using antisense oligonucleotides did not influence accumulation of oxidized LDL or prevent the upregulation of CD36 that normally accompanies oxLDL treatment. In contrast, PPARgamma depletion reduced the expression of ABCA1 and LXRalpha mRNAs. Metalloproteinase-9 expression, a marker of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, was suppressed by rosiglitazone. We conclude that activation of PPARgamma does not affect monocyte/macrophage differentiation. In addition, PPARgamma is not absolutely required for oxLDL-driven lipid accumulation, but is required for full expression of ABCA1 and LXRalpha. Our data support a role for rosiglitazone as a potential directly acting antiatherosclerotic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Biology, Department of Analytical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park North, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, United Kingdom. Lisa_Patel-1@gks.com
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Gary B T
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coxon
authors.forename: Kitty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moores
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Clapham
authors.forename: Suzanna J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Colin H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Macphee
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008027:Light; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008024:Ligands; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C095104:LG 100268