title: Laboratory and field evaluation of insect repellents as larvicides against the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Anopheles albimanus.
abstract: Acute toxicity and persistence of three insect repellents, deet and two piperidines (AI3-35765 and AI3-37220), were evaluated against mosquito larvae of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) in the laboratory, and against natural populations of Ae. albopictus in the field. In laboratory studies, the LC50 values of the repellents for first instars ranged between 0.005 and 0.021% (Ae. albopictus) and between 0.01 and 0.014% (An. albimanus) and, for fourth instars, between 0.019 and 0.034% (Ae. albopictus) and between 0.015 and 0.024% (An. albimanus). A 0.1% concentration of deet caused 90-100% mortality in first-instar Ae. albopictus for 4 weeks, whereas AI3-35765 and AI3-37220 at the same concentration killed 95-100% of larvae for 12 weeks and 98-100% of larvae for 33 weeks post-treatment, respectively. Deet and AI3-35765 at 0.1 % concentration resulted in complete mortality of first-instar An. albimanus for 3 weeks post-treatment, whereas AI3-37220 resulted in 91-99% larval mortalities for 35 weeks post-treatment. A 0.1% concentration of A13-37220 provided 77-98% larval mortality for 20 weeks and 63-97% larval mortality for 12 weeks post-treatment, respectively, against fourth-instar Ae. albopictus and An. albimanus. In the field, in artificial containers, the reduction of Ae. albopictus larvae caused by deet, AI3-35765 and AI3-37220 was 88-95% for 3-4 weeks, 98-100% for 7 weeks, and 82-100% for 13 weeks post-treatment, respectively. In used tyres, the same concentration of the repellents resulted in 100% reduction of Ae. albopictus larvae for 2 weeks (deet), 4 weeks (AI3-35765) and 5 weeks (AI3-37220) post-treatment. In cemetery flower vases, Aedes spp. larvae were eliminated for 4 weeks (deet) and 6 weeks post-treatment by both A13-35765 and AI3-37220. These topical repellents (particularly AI3-37220) have good potential for development and use in the management of container-inhabiting mosquitoes because they deter oviposition and kill larvae.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA. ruidexue@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000254:growth & development*; D003671:DEET; D005431:Florida; D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D003671:DEET; C023423:AI 3-35765; C075892:1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine