title: Analysis of surface roughness of enamel and dentin after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to compare the surface roughness of enamel and dentin following the Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and acid etching.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Laser-roughened enamel or dentin surfaces have been expected to enhance restorative materials bond strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation was performed in one half of each polished enamel or dentin sample at 3 W (33.9 J/cm2, with air 70% and water 20%,) pulse energy for 6 sec. Then the other half was treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 sec. Surface roughness and morphological studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that surface roughness was significantly increased with the laser system. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that irradiated surface produces a rough surface that was completely lacking of a smear layer; there was also no cracking of enamel or dentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation could provide an effective and alternative method to the acid etch technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004871:Erbium; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008422:Materials Testing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008963:Molar; D009354:Neodymium; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009354:Neodymium; D004871:Erbium