title: Screening for amyloid in subcutaneous fat tissue of Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and laboratory characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen for amyloid and to assess associated clinical and laboratory characteristics in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Abdominal subcutaneous fat aspirates were consecutively collected from 112 patients (103 women, nine men) having RA for five years or more. To detect amyloid, fat smears were stained with Congo red and the concentration of amyloid A protein in fat tissue was measured. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amyloid was detected in eight (7%) of the fat smears stained with Congo red. Compared with the Congo red stain, the sensitivity for detecting amyloid by measurement of amyloid A protein in fat tissue was 75% and the specificity was 100%. The amount of amyloid found was small for both methods. The median disease duration of the eight amyloid patients was significantly longer (17 years) than that of the non-amyloid patients (10 years). Bronchopulmonary disease and constipation were more common, whereas proteinuria and chronic renal insufficiency were not. The number of swollen joints and the number of red blood cells were significantly lower in the amyloid group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantification of amyloid A protein and staining with Congo red are strongly concordant methods of screening for amyloid in fat tissue. The prevalence of amyloid in Egyptian patients with RA is 7%. Proteinuria is not a discriminating feature, whereas long disease duration, constipation, bronchopulmonary symptoms, and a moderate to low number of red blood cells may help to identify the arthritic patients with amyloid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of El Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: El Mansoury
authors.forename: B P C
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hazenberg
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: El Badawy
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bijzet
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Limburg
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van Rijswijk
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D003224:Congo Red; D004534:Egypt; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D003224:Congo Red