title: Use of illegal drugs among mothers across racial/ethnic groups in the United States: a multi-level analysis of individual and community level influences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain adjusted one-year prevalence estimates and compare multi-level correlates of marijuana, cocaine, crack, or heroin use among 4,678 mothers of minor children in the United States across racial/ethnic populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used publicly available data from the 1997 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) procedures were used to test drug use variation among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic mothers across US neighborhoods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black mothers were 40% less likely to use illegal drugs than were White mothers, and Hispanic mothers were 72% less likely than were White mothers to use drugs, after adjusting for demographic and community covariates. Drug use was found to vary across neighborhoods for all racial/ethnic groups. This study identified a positive association between the likelihood of mothers using illegal drugs and their living in neighborhoods with a higher occurrence of drug use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To compare drug use across racial/ethnic groups, it is necessary to account for the confounding effects of covariates. Additional research is needed to determine whether non-drug using mothers chose to live in neighborhoods with a lower concentration of drug use, whether residence in these neighborhoods decreases the likelihood of mothers using drugs, or if a reciprocal relationship exists. The mechanisms that link individual drug use and neighborhood characteristics merit further investigation.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work , Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-2570, USA. jdelva@mailer.fsu.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delva
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D007206:Individuality; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs