title: Comparative anticaries efficacy of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices. A two-year caries clinical trial on children in New Jersey and Puerto Rico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a head-to-head comparison of the anticaries efficacy associated with two commercially-available and American Dental Association-accepted dentifrices: Crest Cavity Fighting Toothpaste with Fluoristat, containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base, and Colgate Great Regular Flavor Fluoride Toothpaste, containing 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base. The study was conducted in harmony with the published 1988 American Dental Association guidelines for studies geared toward this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study employed a double-blind, parallel-groups, multi-center two-treatment design, and involved third, fourth, and fifth grade schoolchildren from Newark, New Jersey, and from the Cidra and Lares areas of Puerto Rico. Qualifying subjects were stratified according to age and sex, and were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups, with multiple subjects in the same household all assigned to the dentifrice randomly allocated to the first among them. Caries examinations were conducted in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for the clinical evaluation of drugs to prevent dental caries. After treatment assignment, study participants were instructed to brush their teeth at home with their assigned dentifrice at least twice daily. Brushing instructions were reinforced by the presentation of educational films and lectures at school, by semi-annual mailings to parents, and through the periodic distribution of small novelty gifts along with the dentifrice deliveries, in order to enhance the interest and enthusiasm of study participants. Post-baseline examinations were performed after 1 and after 2 yrs of product use. Two thousand four hundred seventy-nine (2,479) subjects completed this 2-yr study. For these subjects, the mean (S.D.) DFS scores at baseline were 2.77 (3.35) for the Crest group, and 2.66 (3.18) for the Colgate group. For caries increment after 1 yr, the respective means were 1.68 (2.53) and 1.70 (2.57). After 2 yrs, the mean caries increments were 3.56 (4.11) for the Crest group, and 3.56 (4.05) for the Colgate group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of the 2-yr caries increment scores support the conclusion that the anticaries efficacy associated with Colgate Great Regular Flavor Fluoride Toothpaste is equivalent to that associated with Crest Cavity Fighting Toothpaste with Fluoristat, in accordance with the procedures and standards provided by the published guidelines of the American Dental Association. Further, consistent with those same standards, the results of this study serve to lend additional support to the conclusion that dentifrices formulated with sodium monofluorophosphate provide an equivalent level of anticaries efficacy as to those formulated with sodium fluoride.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Saporito
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boneta
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cinotti
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sintes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Proskin
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009515:New Jersey; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D010710:Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C012980:fluorophosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D005459:Fluorides