title: Aerosol transmission of arthropathic and amyloidogenic Enterococcus faecalis.
abstract: One-day-old brown layer chicks were exposed to an aerosol of an arthropathic and amyloidogenic Enterococcus faecalis strain alone or after being subjected to treatment with formaldehyde gas (100-200 ppm). Four-day-old chicks were also treated with the same aerosol but after treatment with a Newcastle disease vaccine virus (NDVV) aerosol or intramuscular injection with methylprednisolon at day 1. The same E. faecalis strain was inoculated intramuscularly in day-old chicks as positive control. Bacteremia with time showed that 24 hr after the aerosol the day-old exposed chicks had the highest rate of positive blood cultures (70%-80%). Lower numbers of bacteremic birds at this point in time were found in the chicks treated with E. faecalis aerosol at day 4 (3/10 in the methylprednisolon-treated group and 0/10 in the NDVV-treated group) and the E. faecalis intramuscular-injected group at day 1 (2/10). Formaldehyde gas treatment did not favor the occurrence of bacteremia. NDVV aerosol exposure or injection with corticosteroids did not favor the occurrence of bacteremia 24 hr after E. faecalis aerosol exposure at day 4 either, although 66 days after aerosol, one bird (1/14) treated with NDVV showed bacteremia. A few bacteremic birds were found 10 days after aerosol in the NDVV- and methylprednisolon-treated groups, whereas at 14 days after aerosol, one bacteremic bird was seen in the group subjected to E. faecalis aerosol at day 1, indicating the occurrence of chronic bacteremia. In contrast to the E. faecalis intramuscular-inoculated birds, no joint pathology was seen in the aerosol-exposed groups in spite of the occurrence of chronic bacteremia.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Service, Poultry Health Center, Deventer, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Veldman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mevius
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Eck
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D002645:Chickens; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / Q000662:veterinary; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009521:Newcastle Disease; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000502:physiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004202:Disinfectants; D005557:Formaldehyde; D008775:Methylprednisolone