title: Tolerance and near-tolerance strategies in monkeys and their application to human renal transplantation.
abstract: Studies in non-human primates to evaluate tolerance strategies in organ transplantation have led to innovation in human transplantation. The two strategies we have studied in detail in non-human primates are T-cell depletion by anti-CD3 immunotoxin and co-stimulation blockade. Each of these strategies has been extended into early human trials in renal transplantation. The results of these human and non-human primate studies are summarized. Continued progress in better and safer immunosuppressive methods remains closely linked to research using non-human primates. However, there has not been a one-to-one correspondence between efficacy in the primate and efficacy in humans. Rather, principles can be derived from non-human primate studies that can be extended into human trials with the knowledge that regimens will likely differ in humans compared to non-human primates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA. stuart@tx.surgery.wisc.edu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hamawy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fechner
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D023421:Models, Animal; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D000922:Immunotoxins; D023201:CD40 Ligand