title: Laser augmented by brachytherapy versus laser alone in the palliation of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia: a randomised study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with advanced malignant dysphagia are not suitable for definitive treatment. The best option for palliation of dysphagia varies between patients. This paper looks at a simple technique for enhancing laser recanalisation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of adjunctive brachytherapy in prolonging palliation of malignant dysphagia by endoscopic laser therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty two patients with advanced malignant dysphagia due to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastric cardia, unsuitable for surgery or radical chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients able to eat a soft diet after laser recanalisation were randomised to no further therapy or a single treatment with brachytherapy (10 Gy). Results were judged on the quality and duration of dysphagia palliation, need for subsequent intervention, complications, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median dysphagia score for all patients two weeks after initial treatment was 1 (some solids). The median dysphagia palliated interval from the end of initial treatment to recurrent dysphagia or death increased from five weeks (control group) to 19 weeks (brachytherapy group). Three patients had some odynophagia for up to six weeks after brachytherapy. There was no other treatment related morbidity or mortality. Further intervention was required in 10 of 11 control patients (median five further procedures) compared with 7/11 brachytherapy patients (median two further procedures). There was no difference in survival (median 20 weeks (control), 26 weeks (brachytherapy)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser therapy followed by brachytherapy is a safe, straightforward, and effective option for palliating advanced malignant dysphagia, which is complementary to stent insertion.
authors.affiliation: National Medical Laser Centre, Institute of Surgical Studies, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Lovat
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bown
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002299:Cardia; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis