title: Twenty-four-hour blood pressure and MRI as predictive factors for different outcomes in patients with lacunar infarct.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A long-term follow-up study was conducted in patients with lacunar infarct to assess how 24-hour blood pressure monitoring values and MRI findings, in particular lacunar infarcts and diffuse white matter lesions, can predict subsequent development of dementia and vascular events, which include cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-seven patients were tracked for a mean of 8.9 years of follow-up. Documented events comprise the development of dementia and the occurrence of vascular events. The predictors for developing dementia and vascular events were separately evaluated by Cox proportional hazards analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients developed dementia (0.17/100 patient-years). Male sex (relative risk [RR], 4.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 14.7), cognitive impairment (RR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0 to 8.5), confluent DWML (moderate: RR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 31.5; severe: RR, 35.8; 95% CI, 7.2 to 177.3), and nondipping status (RR, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.2 to 22.0) were independent predictors for dementia. Forty-six patients suffered from vascular events (3.11/100 patient-years). Diabetes mellitus (RR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.7 to 11.9), multiple lacunae (moderate: RR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.5 to 15.8; severe: RR, 8.5; 95% CI, 3.1 to 23.3), and high 24-hour systolic blood pressure (>145 mm Hg versus <130 mm Hg) (RR, 10.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 81.3) were independent predictors for vascular events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predictors for developing dementia and vascular events appear to differ. Male sex, confluent diffuse white matter lesions, and nondipping status were independent predictors for subsequent development of dementia, while diabetes mellitus, multiple lacunae, and high 24-hour systolic blood pressure were independent predictors for vascular events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Japan. yamamotoyasumasa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akiguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oiwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozasa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models