title: Analysis of arthroscopically assisted ankle arthrodesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of an arthroscopically assisted ankle arthrodesis technique for clinical and radiographic union, function, and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis and review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 52.7 years who underwent arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis were examined at an average follow-up time of 34 months. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.4 years. The most common diagnosis for patients who underwent arthrodesis was post-traumatic arthritis (19 of 21) with 1 patient having a diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the talus and the other patient having rheumatoid arthritis. All patients described severe mechanical pain as the most important reason for undergoing the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fusion occurred in 20 of 21 patients. The average time to clinical and radiographic union was 8.9 weeks. Nine patients were graded as excellent; no pain, limp, or occupational restriction, and a stable fusion. Eleven were graded as good; mild pain, occasional limp, or occupational restriction with a stable fusion. One was graded as poor; failed union and pain. The failure had extensive avascular necrosis involving approximately 50% of the talus as a preoperative diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of the arthroscopic technique include a high fusion rate, decreased time to fusion, and decreased cost. There are considerable advantages to the arthroscopic technique in appropriately selected patients with no or mild angular deformity and no avascular necrosis greater than 30% of the talus. There is a substantial reduction in time to fusion in the arthroscopic procedure compared with published reports on open procedures for ankle arthrodesis. While this procedure is not indicated in all instances, selected patients with disabling ankle arthrosis may be more appropriately treated with an arthroscopic arthrodesis than by open surgery.
authors.affiliation: UHZ Sports Medicine Institute, Coral Gables, Florida; and American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. jzvijac@uhzsmi.com
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Zvijac
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemak
authors.forename: Matthias R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schurhoff
authors.forename: Keith S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hechtman
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Uribe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome