title: Course of functional improvement after stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine functional improvement patterns of persons with stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis of data from a multisite study evaluating rehabilitation outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight inpatient rehabilitation facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 314 consecutive admissions of persons with stroke, SCI, and TBI who received acute medical rehabilitation between 1994 and 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calibration of motor and cognitive items from the FIM instrument, grouping of cases by number of weeks of rehabilitation (length of stay [LOS] groups), and plotting of weekly averages across time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weekly motor and cognitive functional status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the exception of cognitive functioning for persons with SCI, LOS was related to initial functional status, with patients with greater disability having longer LOS (eg, initial motor status for persons with stroke was 48.3 for those with a 2-week stay, 36.8 for a 6-week stay, with the averages between decreasing monotonically). With the exception of cognitive gains for person with TBIs, the amount of functional gain during rehabilitation was essentially the same for all LOS groups (eg, the overall average total motor gain for persons with SCI is 22.3, with no patterns of increase or decrease across LOS groups); however, the rate of improvement in motor (but not cognitive) functioning differed across LOS groups, with patients with shorter stays having the greater rates of improvement (eg, the overall average weekly motor gain for persons with SCI was 3.6, with the averages by LOS group monotonically decreasing from 6.4 for those with 4-week stays to 2.7 for those with 9-week stays).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When examined separately for persons grouped by LOS, functional status improved linearly during the rehabilitation stay, with differences in rate of improvement depending on initial functional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Medical School, and the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Rita K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Heinemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome