title: The carbohydrate and caloric content of concomitant medications for children with epilepsy on the ketogenic diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ketogenic diet for children with refractory epilepsy requires a strict control of the amount of ingested carbohydrates. This can be altered by medication prescribed for the epileptic syndrome or for intercurrent illnesses. The goal of this paper is to compile the carbohydrate and caloric content of commonly used medications in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compiled a list of frequently used medications with the help of Canadian manufacturers and the Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties. We also tested a worst case scenario calculation based on the weight of the tablet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We list the carbohydrate and caloric content of 790 medications studied. Our worst case scenario gives an over-estimate in all cases, making adjustments based on this calculation in an emergency setting safe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose this list as a tool for physicians, dietitians, nurses and pharmacists. The list can easily be adjusted, based on local practices and reviewed periodically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laberge
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Achim
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carmant
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002214:Capsules; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D002400:Cathartics / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D002149:Energy Intake; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007662:Ketosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002214:Capsules; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002400:Cathartics; D013607:Tablets