title: Effects of hostility and lifestyle on coronary heart disease among middle-aged urban Japanese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between multi-dimensional aspects of hostility and coronary heart disease among middle-aged urban Japanese.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study. Cases were consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to a hospital in Japan. Fifty-three patients (45 men and 8 women) aged 35 to 65 were enrolled. For each case, two sex and age (+/-2 years) matched controls were recruited from among participants in a health check-up program at a health promotion center located in the same area as the hospital. Two questionnaires, both with four components, were used to measure hostility and coping with anger: the one was for anger, hostility, physical aggression and verbal aggression, and the other for aggression, social inhibition, guilt, and controlled affect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scores of all components from two questionnaires were higher for cases than controls, but the differences were not significant. Multivariate analysis showed that anger, fat intake, alcohol consumption and house size were significantly associated with the etiology of acute coronary syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anger, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status play important roles for the etiology of coronary heart disease in middle-aged urban Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Takarazuka City Health Promotion Center, Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nanto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otake
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatara
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population