title: Reducing risk for cardiovascular disease in uninsured women: combined results from two WISEWOMAN projects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor reduction program for financially disadvantaged women. The program included cholesterol and blood pressure assessments and tailored physical activity and nutrition interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who attended selected National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program sites in North Carolina and Massachusetts received either enhanced physical activity and nutrition interventions (EI) or minimum interventions (MI). The effectiveness of EI was assessed by pooling data from the North Carolina and Massachusetts projects after 1 year, and a mixed models analysis of covariance was used to compare changes in CVD risk factors across groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol profiles of both groups improved, body weight was maintained, and smoking declined. The 10-year estimated coronary heart disease death rate (per 1,000 women) at baseline was 64.8 for the El group and 61.9 for the MI group. The rate declined by 3.5 deaths per 1,000 for the EI and 0.7 per 1,000 for the MI. Although the decline was statistically significant for the EI group, the difference between groups was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further lifestyle intervention research targeting financially disadvantaged women is needed.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, USA. Jxw6@cdc.gov
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Massoudi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokdad
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosamond
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stoddard
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Palombo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammerman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Troped
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sorensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011203:Poverty; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014932:Women's Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol