title: The inhibitory effects of anesthetics and ethanol on substance P receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
abstract: The neuropeptide substance P (SP) modulates nociceptive transmission within the spinal cord. SP is unique to a subpopulation of C fibers found within primary afferent nerves. However, the effects of anesthetics on the SP receptor (SPR) are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of volatile anesthetics and ethanol on SPR expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We examined the effects of halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, diethyl ether, and ethanol on SP-induced currents mediated by SPR expressed in Xenopus oocytes, by using a whole-cell voltage clamp. All the volatile anesthetics tested, and ethanol, inhibited SPR-induced Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. The protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (bisindolylmaleimide) enhanced the SP-induced Cl(-) currents. However, bisindolylmaleimide abolished the inhibitory effects on SPR of the volatile anesthetics examined and of ethanol. These results demonstrate that halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, diethyl ether, and ethanol inhibit the function of SPR and suggest that activation of protein kinase C is involved in the mechanism of action of anesthetics and ethanol on the inhibitory effects of SPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We examined the effects of halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, diethyl ether, and ethanol on substance P receptor (SPR) expressed in Xenopus oocytes, by using a whole-cell voltage clamp. All the anesthetics and ethanol inhibited SPR function, and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor abolished these inhibitions. These results suggest that anesthetics and ethanol inhibit SPR function via PKC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan. kminami@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kouichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uezono
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004737:Enflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004986:Ether / Q000494:pharmacology; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D004986:Ether; D000431:Ethanol; D004737:Enflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; D006221:Halothane