title: Synchronized spikes of thalamocortical axonal terminals and cortical neurons are detectable outside the pig brain with MEG.
abstract: We show that it is feasible to monitor the synchronized population spikes of the thalamocortical axonal terminals and cortical neurons outside the brain using high-resolution magnetoencephalography (MEG). Electrical stimulation of the snout elicited somatic-evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) above the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of the piglet. The SEFs contained high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) around 600 Hz similar in many respects to the noninvasively measured HFOs from humans with MEG and electroencephalography (EEG). These HFOs were highly correlated with those in simultaneously measured intracortical somatic-evoked potentials (SEPs) in the snout projection area in SI. Both HFOs in SEFs and SEPs consisted of an initial component insensitive to cortically injected kynurenic acid (Kyna, 20 mM), a nonspecific antagonist of glutamatergic receptors, and a subsequent Kyna-sensitive component. The former was localized in cortical layer IV, indicating that it was due to spikes produced by the specific thalamocortical axonal terminals, whereas the latter was initially localized in layer IV and subsequently in the superficial and deeper layers. These results suggest that it may be possible to study properties of the thalamocortical and cortical spike activities in humans with MEG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leyba
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartolo
authors.forename: Yaozhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yoshio C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007736:Kynurenic Acid