title: Seizures in the newborn.
abstract: Seizures in the newborn period constitute a medical emergency. Subtle seizures are mild paroxysmal alterations in motor or autonomic activity and are unique to the neonatal period. They are likely to be missed or confused with benign movements observed commonly in preterm children. Focal clonic seizures have a better prognosis as compared to myoclonic seizures for long-term neuro-developmental outcome. Seizures due to sub-arachnoid hemorrhage and late onset hypocalcemia carry a better prognosis as compared to seizures due to hypoglycemia, meningitis and cerebral malformations. Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia are common causes and should be excluded in all neonates with seizures. Multiple etiologies can co-exist in neonatal seizures and a comprehensive approach for management of neonatal seizures has been described.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Deorari
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010672:Phenytoin; D003975:Diazepam; D010634:Phenobarbital