title: Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine against uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in south-western Saudi Arabia.
abstract: The results of annual random screening indicated that Plasmodium falciparum strains showing chloroquine (CQ) resistance in vitro became increasingly common in the Jazan region of south-western Saudi Arabia between 1986 and 1998 (chi(2) for trend = 50.027; P < 0.001). This worrying trend and the emergence of a micro-epidemic in 1997-1998 prompted an assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of CQ against uncomplicated, P. falciparum malaria in the area. The in-vivo testing of sensitivity to CQ was carried out in 291 clinically manifest, microscopically positive cases of P. falciparum malaria. Most of these patients (88%) were successfully treated with a single standard regimen of CQ therapy. The other 36 patients (12%) showed early treatment failure or a poor response to the CQ, although all of these were then successfully treated with a single standard dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar), as a replacement therapy. Those unsuccessfully treated with CQ were generally younger (t = 2.625; P = 0.01) and tended to have higher body temperatures (t = -2.62; P = 0.012) and higher levels of parasitaemia at initial presentation (P > 0.000) than those who responded well to the drug. Although CQ remains a reasonably effective drug for the treatment of malaria in the Jazan region, and therefore will be kept as the first-line drug for the foreseeable future, failure of CQ efficacy must be carefully monitored in the area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641 Abha, Saudi Arabia. hghalib@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ghalib
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamdi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akood
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Haridi
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ageel
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Abdalla
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine