title: [Doping in endurance sports. Survey of individual [Hb] levels can expose doping].
abstract: Doping through increasing [Hb] increases physical performance in sport. Therefore, no cross-country skiers with [Hb] values above 160 and 175 g/l for women and men, respectively, may start in competitions. Even plasma expanders have been used, possibly for lowering a high [Hb] but this procedure may not increase physical performance. There are methods available for detecting the use of erythropoietin but not reinfusion of erythrocytes to increase [Hb]. To make it more difficult to increase [Hb] by different unethical methods we suggest that the [Hb] in endurance athletes is determined both during the training and the competition season to establish individual [Hb] mean values and range. Since endurance training at altitude does not increase [Hb] after return to sea level, an occasional increased [Hb] is suspicious. In such a case complementary doping tests may be used.
authors.affiliation: Institutionen för fysiologi och farmakologi, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm. bjorn.ekblom@fyta.ki.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ekblom
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012016:Reference Values; D012865:Skiing
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin
vernacular_title: Dopning inom uthållighetsidrotter. Kartläggning av individuell [Hb]-nivå kan avslöja dopning.