title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in induction treatment of children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a randomized study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; lenograstim) decreases the incidence of febrile neutropenia after induction courses in treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive (G-CSF+) or not receive (G-CSF-) prophylactic G-CSF, 5 microg/kg/d, from day 7 until an absolute neutrophil count > or = 500/microL was sustained over 48 hours, after two consecutive induction courses of cyclophosphamide 1.5 or 3 g/m(2), vincristine 2 mg/m(2), prednisone 60 mg/m(2)/d x 5, doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2), high-dose methotrexate 3 or 8 g/m(2), and intrathecal injections (COPAD[M]) on protocols LMB89, LMT89, and HM91 of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-eight patients were assessable, 75 G-CSF+ and 73 G-CSF-. Although duration of neutropenia less than 500/microL was 3 days shorter in G-CSF+ patients (P = 10(-4)), incidence of febrile neutropenia (89% v. 93% in the first course, 88% v. 88% in the second course), durations of hospitalization and antimicrobial therapy, percentages of infections, mucositis, and transfusions were not significantly different. Although the percentage of G-CSF+ patients commencing the following course on day 21 was significantly higher (84% v 68% after the first and 57% v. 38% after the second course; P <.05), the median delay between the two courses was only 1 day less in G-CSF+ patients (median delay after first COPAD(M), 19 v. 20 days, P =.01; after second, 21 v. 22 days, P = not significant). Remission and survival rates were similar in both arms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that G-CSF did not decrease treatment-related morbidity, nor increase the dose-intensity in children undergoing COPAD(M) induction chemotherapy for NHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. patte@igr.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laplanche
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bertozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baruchel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frappaz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mechinaud
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nelken
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boutard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michon
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009017:Morbidity; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate