title: Prognostic significance of peripheral monocytosis after reperfused acute myocardial infarction:a possible role for left ventricular remodeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the significance of peripheral monocytosis in clinical outcome after reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially relating to post-infarct left ventricular (LV) remodeling.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Peripheral monocytosis occurs two to three days after AMI, reflecting infiltration of monocytes and macrophages into the necrotic myocardium. However, the prognostic significance of peripheral monocytosis after AMI remains to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 149 patients with first Q-wave AMI were studied. White blood cell (WBC) count, percentage of monocytes and serum C-reactive protein level were measured every 24 h for four days after the onset of AMI. We assessed association between peripheral monocytosis and prognosis including pump failure, LV aneurysm and long-term outcome after AMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with pump failure (p < 0.0001) or LV aneurysm (p = 0.005) had higher peak monocyte counts than those without these complications. Predischarge left ventriculography revealed that peak monocyte count was positively correlated with LV end-diastolic volume (p = 0.024) and negatively correlated with ejection fraction (p = 0.023). Multivariate analyses showed that peak monocyte count > or = 900/mm(3) was an independent determinant of pump failure (relative risk [RR] 9.83, p < 0.0001), LV aneurysm (RR 4.78, p = 0.046) and cardiac events (RR 6.30, p < 0.0001), including readmission for heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction and cardiac deaths, including sudden deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral monocytosis is associated with LV dysfunction and LV aneurysm, suggesting a possible role of monocytes in the development of LV remodeling after reperfused AMI.
authors.affiliation: Cardiopulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitamura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000502:physiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003402:Creatine Kinase