title: Human paralogs of KIAA0187 were created through independent pericentromeric-directed and chromosome-specific duplication mechanisms.
abstract: KIAA0187 is a gene of unknown function that maps to 10q11 and has been subject to recent duplication events. Here we analyze 18 human paralogs of this gene and show that paralogs of exons 14-23 were formed through satellite-associated pericentromeric-directed duplication, whereas paralogs of exons 1-9 were created via chromosome-specific satellite-independent duplications. In silico, Northern, and RT-PCR analyses indicate that nine paralogs are transcribed, including four in which KIAA0187 exons are spliced onto novel sequences. Despite this, no new genes appear to have been created by these events. The chromosome 10 paralogs map to 10q11, 10q22, 10q23.1, and 10q23.3, forming part of a complex family of chromosome-specific repeats that includes GLUD1, Cathepsin L, and KIAA1099 pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analyses and comparative FISH indicates that the 10q23.1 and 10q23.3 repeats were created in 10q11 and relocated by a paracentric inversion 13 to 27 Myr ago. Furthermore, the most recent duplications, involving the KIAA1099 pseudogenes, have largely been confined to 10q11. These results indicate a simple model for the evolution of this repeat family, involving multiple rounds of centromere-proximal duplication and dispersal through intrachromosomal rearrangement. However, more complex events must be invoked to account for high sequence identity between some paralogs.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Human Genetics, The International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crosier
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viggiano
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: Doriana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Misceo
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stones
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hearn
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Archidiacono
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002503:Centromere / Q000235:genetics*; D007446:Chromosome Inversion; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020440:Gene Duplication; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus; D011544:Pseudogenes / Q000235:genetics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics