title: The release of inflammatory cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro following exposure to adenovirus variants and capsid.
abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies with adenoviral vectors have clearly illustrated the potential advantages of this gene transfer system. However, many studies have also demonstrated potent immune responses directed at both vector and transduced cells. We examined in vitro responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to virus exposure as a model for this host response. PBMC were isolated from normal donors and incubated with wild-type adenovirus (Ad5), Ad5 variants deleted for segments of E1 and/or E3, and empty viral capsids. Proinflammatory cytokine release was monitored for 96 hr. Induction of TNF-alpha by intact virions was low although stimulation by empty capsid gave a significant and sustained response. Induction of IL-6, GM-CSF, and a panel alpha- and beta-chemokines by intact virions was prominent, often approaching results obtained with 2.5 microg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Responses were generally independent of virion genetic composition and were only partially blunted when UV-inactivated virus was used. Dose-response data showed 100-fold increases in virion concentration produced a maximum 3-fold increase in cytokine release, suggesting saturation. Surprisingly, prominent stimulation occurred after addition of empty capsid, which typically provoked responses equivalent to those seen with LPS stimulation. We present arguments that cellular signal transduction mechanisms activated by binding of virions/capsids stimulate transcription of proinflammatory cytokine genes.
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. jhigginbotham@newlinkgenetics.com
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Higginbotham
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: R Michael
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Blaese
authors.forename: W Jay
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ramsey
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D002213:Capsid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor