title: Microleakage and adaptation of Class II packable resin-based composites using incremental or bulk filling techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the ability of three packable resin-based composite (RBC) systems (ALERT, SureFil, and Solitaire), placed and light-cured in either incremental layers or in bulk, to seal the gingival margin of Class II preparations when the gingival margin is placed apical to the cementoenamel junction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Packable RBCs were used to restore 60 extracted human premolars with Class II preparations using an incremental-cure technique (each layer no greater than 2 mm in thickness when light-cured) or a bulk-cure technique (n=10). Manufacturers' directions were followed; the cure technique was the only variable. After the restorations were completed, the specimens were thermocycled, stained, sectioned, and viewed under a light microscope for microleakage at the gingival margin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All specimens showed leakage at the gingival margin. No statistically significant difference was found between the bulk-cure and incremental-cure techniques for each of the RBC systems evaluated. ALERT had significantly less leakage than SureFil and Solitaire.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-School of Dentistry, New Orleans, USA. JGallo@lsusd.lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001641:Bicuspid; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005881:Gingiva; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013816:Thermodynamics; D019237:Tooth Cervix
chemical_list: C406265:Alert composite resin; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C113049:Solitaire composite resin; C403464:SureFil packable composite