title: Repetitive injections of dendritic cells matured with tumor necrosis factor alpha induce antigen-specific protection of mice from autoimmunity.
abstract: Mature dendritic cells (DCs) are believed to induce T cell immunity, whereas immature DCs induce T cell tolerance. Here we describe that injections of DCs matured with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (TNF/DCs) induce antigen-specific protection from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Maturation by TNF-alpha induced high levels of major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules on DCs, but they remained weak producers of proinflammatory cytokines. One injection of such TNF/DCs pulsed with auto-antigenic peptide ameliorated the disease score of EAE. This could not be observed with immature DCs or DCs matured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus anti-CD40. Three consecutive injections of peptide-pulsed TNF/DCs derived from wild-type led to the induction of peptide-specific predominantly interleukin (IL)-10-producing CD4(+) T cells and complete protection from EAE. Blocking of IL-10 in vivo could only partially restore the susceptibility to EAE, suggesting an important but not exclusive role of IL-10 for EAE prevention. Notably, the protection was peptide specific, as TNF/DCs pulsed with unrelated peptide could not prevent EAE. In conclusion, this study describes that stimulation by TNF-alpha results in incompletely matured DCs (semi-mature DCs) which induce peptide-specific IL-10-producing T cells in vivo and prevent EAE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen 91052, Germany.
authors.forename: Mauritius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menges
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rössner
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Voigtländer
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kukutsch
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogdan
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Gerold
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: Manfred B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lutz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein / Q000276:immunology; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C571327:Mog protein, mouse; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10