title: Multiple signaling pathways involved in activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by heregulin-beta1 in human breast cancer cells.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays important roles in tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Secretion of MMP-9 has been reported in various cancer types including lung cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer. In our investigation of MMP-9 regulation by growth factors, MMP-9 was activated by heregulin-beta1 as shown by zymography in both SKBr3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Increase in MMP-9 activity was due to increased MMP-9 protein and mRNA levels, which mainly results from transcriptional upregulation of MMP-9 by heregulin-beta1. Heregulin-beta1 activates multiple signaling pathways in breast cancer cells, including Erk, p38 kinase, PKC, and PI3-K pathways. We examined the pathways involved in heregulin-beta1-mediated MMP-9 activation using chemical inhibitors that specifically inhibit each of these heregulin-beta1-activated pathways. The PKC inhibitor RO318220 and p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 completely blocked heregulin-beta1-mediated activation of MMP-9. MEK-1 inhibitor PD098059 partially blocked MMP-9 activation, whereas PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin had no effect on heregulin-beta1-mediated MMP-9 activation. Therefore, at least three signaling pathways are involved in the activation of MMP-9 by heregulin-beta1. Since MMP-9 is tightly associated with invasion/metastasis and angiogenesis, our studies suggest that blocking heregulin-beta1-mediated activation of MMP-9 by inhibiting the related signaling pathways may provide new strategies for inhibition of cancer metastasis and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grijalva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008954:Models, Biological; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D011725:Pyridines; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C087230:heregulin beta1; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C064758:Ro 31-8220