title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for pancreatic cancer has been advocated for its potential ability to optimize patient selection for surgical resection and to downstage locally advanced tumors. This article reports our experience with neoadjuvant CRT for localized pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1995, 111 patients with radiographically localized, pathologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma have received neoadjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT; median, 4500 cGy) with 5-flourouracil-based chemotherapy. Tumors were defined as potentially resectable (PR, n = 53) in the absence of arterial involvement and venous occlusion and locally advanced (LA, n = 58) with arterial involvement or venous occlusion by CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients (4.5%) were not restaged due to death (n = 3) or intolerance of therapy (n = 2). Twenty-one patients (19%) manifested distant metastatic disease on restaging CT. Twenty-eight patients with initially PR tumors (53%) and 11 patients with initially LA tumors (19%) were resected after CRT. Histologic examination revealed significant fibrosis in all resected specimens and two complete responses. Surgical margins were negative in 72%, and lymph nodes were negative in 70% of resected patients. Median survival in resected patients has not been reached at a median follow-up of 16 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neoadjuvant CRT provided an opportunity for patients with occult metastatic disease to avoid the morbidity of resection and resulted in tumor downstaging in a minority of patients with LA tumors. Survival after neoadjuvant CRT and resection appears to be at least comparable to survival after resection and adjuvant (postoperative) CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anscher
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gottfried
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Branch
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jowell
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tyler
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005472:Fluorouracil