title: Influence of incorrect application of a water-based adhesive system on the marginal adaptation of Class V restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of incorrectly performed steps during the application of the water-based adhesive system OptiBond FL on the marginal adaptation of Class V composite restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 96 extracted human teeth Class V cavities were prepared. Half of the margin length was situated in dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into 12 groups. The cavities were filled with Prodigy resin-based composite in combination with OptiBond FL according to the manufacturer's instructions (Group O) and including several incorrect application steps: Group A: prolonged etching (60 s); Group B: no etching of dentin; Group C: excessive drying after etching; Group D: short rewetting after excessive drying; Group E: air drying and rewetting; Group F: blot drying; Group G: saliva contamination; Group H: application of primer and immediate drying; group I: application of only primer; group J: application of only adhesive; Group K: no light curing of the adhesive before the application of composite. After thermocycling, replicas were taken and the margins were quantitatively analyzed in the SEM. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using non-parametric procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With exception of the "rewetting groups" (D and E) and the group with saliva contamination (G), all other application procedures showed a significantly higher amount of marginal openings in dentin compared to the control group (O). Margin quality in enamel was only affected when the primer was not applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Humboldt University (Charité), Berlin, Germany. arnd.peschke@charite.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peschke
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Blunck
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Roulet
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000388:Air; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003890:Desiccation; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C092987:Optibond; C099128:Prodigy; D019279:Resin Cements; D014867:Water