title: Diving-related fatalities caused by underwater explosions: a report of two cases.
abstract: The authors report two cases of diving-related water blast with fatal outcome resulting from nearby underwater explosions. Water blast with fatal outcome almost exclusively occurs in wars at sea. Underwater explosions are extremely rare in diving because of the limited exposure. Forensic findings in both cases reported included expected injuries to gas-filled organs such as the middle ear, lungs, and intestine; some rarely described injuries such as rupture of the liver, spleen, and kidneys; and also some lesions that were not found in a search of the literature: rupture of the heart and contusion of the hypophysis. Injuries caused by fatal underwater explosions should be carefully evaluated in forensic medicine to provide data that may support a criminal investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Institute, Split, Republic of Croatia. nadanp@zvonimir.morh.tel.hr
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dujella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Definis-Gojanović
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vranjković-Petri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cuculić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004242:Diving / Q000293:injuries*; D005107:Explosions; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000473:pathology*