title: Reaction to videocolposcopy in the assessment of child sexual abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to clinically assess children's reactions to videocolposcopy with real-time observation of magnified anogenital images (VCO), and to evaluate whether these reactions are affected by patient or other characteristics such as response to preparation, disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA), or examination findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive cases of children ages less than 18 years referred to a children's hospital clinic for nonemergent evaluation of suspected CSA during 1997 through 1999 were studied. We noted the child's response with clinical observation before and after videocolposcopy, and used the Genital Examination Distress Scale (GEDS) after evaluation. We compared these responses to patient gender, age, ethnicity, pubertal status, disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA), and physical examination findings using univariate and regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred twenty-seven children (mean age 7.2 years, range 0-17) underwent videocolposcopy, of whom 55.1% disclosed sexual abuse and 17.2% had a positive examination. More than 80% were female, prepubertal, and non-Hispanic White. Most (85%) watched their examination on the monitor and were either cooperative or enthusiastic before and after videocolposcopy. Fewer very young children (ages 0-3 years) or female adolescents (13-17 years) watched the monitor. Summed GEDS scores were strongly correlated with observed responses after the procedure (p = .01), and children with CSA disclosure were three times more likely to watch the monitor and five times more likely than those without disclosure to have improved comfort. Other patient characteristics were not significantly associated with patient reaction to VCO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most children are interested in watching their anogenital examination using magnified real-time images obtained during videocolposcopy and tolerate the procedure well. The GEDS is highly correlated with subjective clinical observation. While some children may particularly benefit from participating in their examination by using VCO, long-term effects of the evaluation and any relationship of a child's reaction to videocolposcopy with their history of sexual victimization remain to be established.
authors.affiliation: Child Protection Team, DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Palusci
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cyrus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D014741:Video Recording