title: From bioactive substances to research on breast-feeding promotion.
abstract: Despite known health benefits, exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months is uncommon in many countries. In Mexico, most mothers initiate breast-feeding but few breast-feed exclusively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to examine the effectiveness of home visits by lay peer counselors to increase exclusive breast-feeding among mothers in a periurban area of Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ethnographic assessment conducted in 1994 that identified key maternal beliefs, practices, and needs was used to guide educational strategies. Lay counselors were recruited from the same community and trained by La Leche League. From March 1995 through September 1996, pregnant women were identified by community census and invited to participate. Women were enrolled into a randomized, controlled study of 3 groups: no intervention (control), 3 visits, and 6 visits during pregnancy and early postpartum. Data collection was performed by a social worker apart from the counselors. Exclusive breast-feeding was defined by WHO criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study enrolled 130 women; 52 were in the 3-visit group, 44 in the 6-visit group, and 34 in the control group. Study groups did not differ in the maternal characteristics or initiation of breast-feeding (96%). At 3 months postpartum, exclusive breast-feeding was practiced by only 12% of controls vs. 52% in the 3-visit group and 67% in the 6-visit group (P < 0.001, log rank test). In the first 3 months, significantly (P = 0.037) fewer intervention than control infants had an episode of diarrhea (11% vs. 26%, respectively). Intervention effectiveness was independent of maternal factors or birth hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This unique experimental study demonstrated a dramatic increase in exclusive breast-feeding and a significant reduction in infant illness in an urban community through well-designed maternal support including early intervention and repeated contact.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Research, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk 23510, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D008800:Mexico; D008892:Milk; D010379:Peer Group