title: Vitamin K deficiency and osteopenia in vitamin D-deficient elderly women with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of vitamin K on bone mineral density (BMD) in vitamin-D-deficient women with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurology department at a university medical center in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two women with PD (mean age, 70.7yr) and 62 age-matched controls. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their functional capabilities: group A (independent: stages I-II of Hoehn and Yahr stages of Parkinson's disease, n = 26); and group B (dependent: Hoehn and Yahr stages 3-5; n = 36).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera were analyzed to relate vitamin K concentrations to bone-related biochemical indices. BMD was measured by computed radiograph densitometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group B had significantly lower metacarpal BMD (P <.0001) lower serum concentrations of vitamin K1 (P <.01) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD; P <.0001) than group A. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels were higher in group B than in group A (P <.0001). The serum concentration of vitamin K1 correlated positively with that of 25-OHD (r =.735, P <.0001), and negatively with undercarboxylated osteocalcin (r = -.751, P <.0001) and Hoehn and Yahr stages (r =.787, P <.0001). Multiple regression analysis identified Hoehn and Yahr stages, vitamin K1, 25-OHD, and undercarboxylated osteocalcin as independent determinants of BMD (P <.0364.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In functionally dependent women with PD, nutritional vitamin K1 deficiency is believed to reduce production of fully carboxylated osteocalcin, causing reduced BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan. noukenrs@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Toshiomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuru
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000097:blood; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin; D014812:Vitamin K