title: Prevalence of abnormal adrenocortical function in human immunodeficiency virus infection by low-dose cosyntropin test.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that 10 microg cosyntropin test has higher sensitivity for detecting hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis (HHA-A) dysfunction. Our objective was to determine prevalence of glucocorticoid insufficiency with the 10 microg cosyntropin test and the level of the HHA-A defect. One hundred and four HIV-infected patients underwent the 10 microg cosyntropin test. In abnormal and borderline respondents, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia test and human corticotropin releasing hormone test were used to confirm and localize the level of the HHA-A defect. Thirty-two patients with HIV infection and 72 with AIDS were identified. Prevalence of glucocorticoid insufficiency by the 10 microg cosyntropin test was 21.2%. By clinical categories, the frequency in AIDS and HIV infection patients was 26.4% and 9.4%, respectively. Confirmed glucocorticoid insufficiency by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia test was found in 16 out of 19 cases. Twelve cases had primary glucocorticoid insufficiency, 7 had secondary glucocorticoid insufficiency and 3 were false positive. In conclusion, adrenocortical dysfunction occurs in approximately 20% of the cases with HIV disease. Clinical findings commonly occurring in HIV disease as well as adrenocortical insufficiency are not reliable indicators for performing adrenocortical laboratory assessment. Our results suggest screening all AIDS patients with the 10 microg cosyntropin test.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Dr José Eleuterio González, Ave Madero y Gonzalitos S/N Col Mitras Centro, Monterrey NL, CP 64460, México. jmontes@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: González-González
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: de la Garza-Hernández
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Garza-Morán
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rivera-Morales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montes-Villarreal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valenzuela-Rendón
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Villarreal-Pérez
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003366:Cosyntropin; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007328:Insulin; D003366:Cosyntropin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone