title: Fractalkine induces chemotaxis and actin polymerization in human dendritic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as the principle initiators of immune responses by virtue of their ability to migrate into target sites, process antigens and activate naive T cells. Here, the chemotactic activity and intracellular signaling of fractalkine was analyzed and compared to well known chemotaxins.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA-expression of G protein-coupled CX3CR1 was analyzed by RT-PCR. Chemotaxis was measured in 48-well Boyden chambers and actin polymerization by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA-expression of CX3CR1 in immature and mature DCs was revealed. Fractalkine elicited actin polymerization and chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner in DCs independent of their state of maturation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that immature and mature DCs express mRNA for the CX3CRI and that fractalkine induces chemotaxis and migration associated actin polymerization in immature as well as in mature DCs, contrasting with the action of other chemokines such as RANTES or MIP-3beta which act only on distinct maturation states of DCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dichmann
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Herouy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purlis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rheinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gebicke-Härter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norgauer
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000494:pharmacology; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000494:pharmacology; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C515460:CCL19 protein, human; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011108:Polymers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D015728:Receptors, HIV