title: Effects of norepinephrine, HIV type 1 infection, and leukocyte interactions with endothelial cells on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) associated with AIDS-related cardiomypathies and cocaine abuse was examined in an in vitro coculture model. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), HIV infected or uninfected, were placed in coculture with primary human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-C) in the presence or absence of the cocaine-inducible catecholamine norepinephrine (NE). Culture supernatants were assayed for MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13, and for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Low levels of constitutively expressed MMP-1 and -2 were detected in individual cultures of HMVEC-C and PBMCs. NE did not induce MMP or TIMP expression by HMVEC-C and caused modest increases (3- to 4-fold) in MMP-1 and -2 by uninfected PBMCs. Increased levels of NE-induced MMP-1 (5-fold) and MMP -2 (15-fold) were detected in cocultures of HMVEC-C and uninfected PBMCs. HIV infection enhanced MMP-1 (46-fold) and MMP-2 (48-fold) and active MMP-7 (33-fold) and MMP-9 (50-fold) by PBMCs. Coculture of HIV-infected PBMCs with HMVEC-C increased MMP-1 (110-fold) and MMP-2 (307-fold) but not active MMP-7 and -9. The combination of NE, HIV infection, and coculture increased MMP-1 (126-fold) and MMP-2 (467-fold), and active MMP-7 (65-fold) and MMP-9 (75-fold). MMP-3 or-13 was not detected in any of the treatment groups and TIMP-1 and -2 appeared inversely proportional to the observed levels of MMPs. These results suggest that HIV infection, NE, and leukocyte endothelial interactions demonstrate separate and overlapping cooperative effects on the regulation of expression of TIMPs and MMPs associated with AIDS-related cardiomyopathies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Room B4337, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. JSUNDST@emory.edu
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sundstrom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosunjac
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Martinson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bostik
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Donahoe
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gravanis
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008833:Microcirculation; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D009638:Norepinephrine