title: Safety and efficacy of alteplase for restoring function in occluded central venous catheters: results of the cardiovascular thrombolytic to open occluded lines trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of alteplase (TPA) for restoring function to occluded central venous catheters (CVCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a phase III, open-label, single-arm multicenter trial. Subjects with occluded, nondialysis CVCs were enrolled. All subjects received a 2-mg dose of TPA within the dysfunctional catheter lumen that was allowed to dwell for 30 to 120 minutes. Functionality was tested at 30 and 120 minutes. If the CVC remained obstructed at 120 minutes, a second 2-mg TPA dose was allowed to dwell for 30 to 120 minutes. The primary safety end point was the rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 5 days of treatment, and serious adverse events were recorded up to 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred ninety-five patients received treatment (female, 562; male, 433; mean age, 50.7 years; range, 2 to 91 years). CVCs treated were as follows: single (26%), double (39%), or triple (6%) lumen catheters or ports (29%). The primary end point was 0% ICH within 5 days. There were no cases of death, major bleeding episodes, or embolic events attributable to treatment. Flow was successfully restored in 52% and 78% of CVCs at 30 and 120 minutes after one dose, and 84% and 87% at 30 and 120 minutes after a second dose, respectively. Restoration of flow was 86%, 93%, 90%, and 79%, for single, double, and triple lumen catheters and ports, respectively. Estimated 30-day catheter patency was 74%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A regimen of up to two 2-mg doses of TPA is safe and effective for the restoration of flow to occluded central venous catheters.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Deitcher
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fesen
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kiproff
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: McCluskey
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Semba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator