title: A psychobiological approach to personality: examination within anxious outpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine Cloninger's psychobiological personality model among different anxiety and depressive outpatients as well as normal healthy comparisons. In addition, the relationship between the underlying temperament dimensions and behavioral coping strategies was also studied using the tri-axial model of coping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 120 outpatients presenting to an anxiety disorders specialty clinic and 17 normal comparisons. They underwent a semi-structured clinical interview and completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the temperament dimensions, the patients were elevated on the harm avoidance scale relative to the normal comparisons; the temperament substrate was not differentiated by the anxiety or affective diagnostic types nor was there differences between groups on the other temperament dimensions. Both severity of illness and the presence of a comorbid depressive disorder each contributed independently to harm avoidance scores. Hypotheses regarding the association between underlying temperament and behavioral coping strategies were supported for the dimensions of reward dependence and harm avoidance, but not for novelty seeking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cloninger's psychobiological model is supported with the temperament of harm avoidance being the relevant dimension for anxiety and affective disorders. The underlying temperament structure also has clinical relevance for the type of coping strategies that are utilized by an individual.
authors.affiliation: suball@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smolin
authors.forename: Anantha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shekhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013694:Temperament