title: High-sensitivity CCD-based X-ray detector.
abstract: The detector is designed for imaging measurements requiring relatively high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. The detector can discriminate single X-ray photons, yet has the wide dynamic range ( approximately 10000:1) associated with integrating detectors. A GdO2S2 phosphor screen converts the incoming X-ray image into an optical image. The optical image is coupled (without demagnification) to the CCD image sensor using a fiber optic faceplate. The CCD (Philips Semiconductors) has an area of 4.9 x 8.6 cm with 4000 x 7000 12 microm pixels. A single 12 keV X-ray photon produces a signal of 100 e-. With 2 x 2 pixel binning, the total noise per 24 microm pixel in a 100 s image is approximately 30 e- the detective quantum efficiency is >0.6 at 1 X-ray photon per pixel, and the full image can be read out in <4 s. The spatial resolution is 50 microm. The CCD readout system is fully computer-controlled, allowing flexible operation in time-resolved experiments. The detector has been characterized using visible-light images, X-ray images and time-resolved muscle diffraction measurements.
authors.affiliation: Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. phillips@brandeis.edu
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naday
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ingersoll
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D009218:Myosins / Q000737:chemistry; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011898:Ranidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012984:Software; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D009218:Myosins