title: [Microbiology in acute otitis media].
abstract: Acute otitis media is the most common bacterial infection in the child under 5 years of age and the leading reason for antibiotic prescriptions in Western countries. The choice of optimal antibiotic treatment is based essentially on microbiologic epidemiologic studies. The bacteria most often responsible for otitis belong to the commensal flora of the nasopharynx. French studies using paracentesis show that the main bacteria responsible for acute otitis media are H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. The epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics has recently changed, with the appearance of pneumococcal strains having reduced sensitivity to penicillin, and which have played a major role in treatment failures.
authors.affiliation: Service de microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré 75019 Paris.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bingen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012621:Seasons; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D013754:Tetracyclines; D004917:Erythromycin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D010400:Penicillin G
vernacular_title: Microbiologie des otites moyennes aiguës.