title: Factors affecting workload of cancer clinical trials: results of a multicenter study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasingly, cancer treatment centers need to be able to estimate specific costs and resources associated with clinical trials. Because the time requirements of trial coordination and data collection are not well known, the Clinical Research Associates (CRA) Committee of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group carried out a multicenter study to measure trials' task times and evaluate the effects of certain factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A data collection instrument was designed and validated before its implementation in the study. Eighty-three CRAs from 24 cancer treatment institutions across Canada collected timing observations of 41 tasks (156 subtasks). Information from all stages of trials activity (protocol management, eligibility and entry, treatment, and follow-up and final stage) was obtained, from initial negotiations to follow-up after study closure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for stage, phase and sponsor were found to be significant independent factors. Analysis within the stages showed similar patterns. New drug inclusion as a factor was confounded with phase. Industry-sponsored studies had significantly higher overall mean times than did local and cooperative group studies. Early-phase studies required more time than did phase III trials. External sponsorship of any kind increased CRA time more than that necessary for locally coordinated studies, except during the protocol management stage. The burden of a phase I study increased to greater than average once underway and accruing patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that sponsor and study phase are important factors to be taken into consideration when estimating clinical trial costs and resource use.
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada. kathie.roche@tsrcc.on.ca
authors.forename: Kathyrn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Bobbi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smuck
authors.forename: Marlo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Benny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pater
authors.forename: Mary-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hiatt
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003625:Data Collection; D004345:Drug Industry; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000458:organization & administration; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D018579:Patient Selection; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload