title: Inhibition of p21/Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 expression by hepatitis C virus core protein.
abstract: The possibility of interaction between hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein and the cell cycle regulator protein p21/Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 (p21/Waf1) in cultured cells was analyzed. Although colocalization of HCV core protein and p21/Waf1 was not clearly observed, p21/Waf1 expression was much weaker in HCV core protein-expressing cells than in the control. A Northern blot analysis showed nearly the same level of p21/Waf1 mRNA in both cells, suggesting that HCV core protein inhibited p21/Waf1 expression post-transcriptionally. The degradation patterns of p21/Waf1 did not differ significantly in HCV core protein-expressing cells and in the control, suggesting that the stability of p21/Waf1, once it was accumulated in the cell, was not significantly affected by HCV core protein. But this does not necessarily exclude the possibility that synthesis, maturation, and nuclear transport of p21/Waf1 is impaired, or that the degradation of newly synthesized, improperly processed p21/Waf1 is promoted by HCV core protein. The decrease in p21/Waf1 accumulation was partially inhibited by proteasome inhibitors and a calpain inhibitor in both HCV core protein-expressing cells and the control. In vitro kinase assay revealed that a p21/Waf1-mediated inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity was partially negated by HCV core protein. Taken together, the present results suggest that HCV core protein inhibits p21/Waf1 expression post-transcriptionally and impairs the function of p21/Waf1 in the cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hidajat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagano-Fujii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishido
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; C069130:nucleocapsid protein, Hepatitis C virus; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases