title: Interaction of hypertension and diabetes on impairment of endothelial function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the interaction of hypertension and diabetes aggravates endothelial dysfunction and leads to smooth muscle dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noninvasive methods were used to the investigated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2-DM) (Group 1), patients with hypertension (Group 2) and patients with both 2-DM and hypertension (Group 3), as well as a normal control group (Group 4) by studying a brachial artery without evidence of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that endothelium-dependent vasodilation decreased significantly in Group 1 (5.74% +/- 3.32%, P < 0.05), Group 2 (4.14% +/- 2.93%, P < 0.01), and Group 3 (2.78% +/- 2.08%, P < 0.001) as compared to the control (9.45% +/- 3.88%). The nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation (smooth muscle function) in Group 3 was significantly decreased as compared to the control group (14.11% +/- 4.63% vs 23.53% +/- 6.77%, P < 0.001), but there were no differences in nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation between Group 1, Group 2 and Group 4. On univariate analysis, a reduced vasodilator response to nitroglycerin was associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation (r = 0.54, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the interaction of 2-DM and hypertension aggravates endothelial dysfunction and further impairs the smooth muscle function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin