title: Comparison of a picture-sort food-frequency questionnaire with 24-hour dietary recalls in an elderly Utah population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the 137-item Utah Picture-sort Food-frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in the measurement of usual dietary intake in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The picture-sort FFQ was administered at baseline and again one year later. Three seasonal 24-hour dietary recall interviews were collected during the year between the two FFQs. Mean nutrient intakes were compared between methods and between administrations of the FFQ.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FFQ interviews were administered in respondents' homes or care-centres. The 24-hour diet recalls were conducted by telephone interview on random days of the week.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred-and-eight men and women aged 55-84 years were recruited by random sample of controls from a case-control study of nutrition and bone health in Utah.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for total energy intake, median Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the two picture-sort FFQs were 0.69 for men aged < or = 69 years, 0.66 for men aged > 69 years; and 0.68 for women aged < or = 69 years, 0.67 for women aged > 69 years. Median correlation coefficients between methods were 0.50 for men < or = 69 years old, 0.52 for men > 69 years old; 0.55 for women < or = 69 years old, 0.46 for women > 69 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report intake correlations between methods and administrations comparable to those reported in the literature for traditional paper-and-pencil FFQs and one other picture-sort method of FFQ. This dietary assessment method may improve ease and accuracy of response in this and other populations with low literacy levels, poor memory skill, impaired hearing, or poor vision.
authors.affiliation: Utah State University, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Logan, UT 84322-4450, USA. hwengreen@cc.usu.edu.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wengreen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Munger
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cutler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012621:Seasons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014589:Utah