title: Uptake of exogenous coenzyme Q and transport to mitochondria is required for bc1 complex stability in yeast coq mutants.
abstract: Coenzyme Q (Q) is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in eukaryotic cells but also is present in other cellular membranes where it acts as an antioxidant. Because Q synthesis machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is located in the mitochondria, the intracellular distribution of Q indicates the existence of intracellular Q transport. In this study, the uptake of exogenous Q(6) by yeast and its transport from the plasma membrane to mitochondria was assessed in both wild-type and in Q-less coq7 mutants derived from four distinct laboratory yeast strains. Q(6) supplementation of medium containing ethanol, a non-fermentable carbon source, rescued growth in only two of the four coq7 mutant strains. Following culture in medium containing dextrose, the added Q(6) was detected in the plasma membrane of each of four coq7 mutants tested. This detection of Q(6) in the plasma membrane was corroborated by measuring ascorbate stabilization activity, as catalyzed by NADH-ascorbate free radical reductase, a transmembrane redox activity that provides a functional assay of plasma membrane Q(6). These assays indicate that each of the four coq7 mutant strains assimilate exogenous Q(6) into the plasma membrane. The two coq7 mutant strains rescued by Q(6) supplementation for growth on ethanol contained mitochondrial Q(6) levels similar to wild type. However, the content of Q(6) in mitochondria from the non-rescued strains was only 35 and 8%, respectively, of that present in the corresponding wild-type parental strains. In yeast strains rescued by exogenous Q(6), succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity was partially restored, whereas non-rescued strains contained very low levels of activity. There was a strong correlation between mitochondrial Q(6) content, succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity, and steady state levels of the cytochrome c(1) polypeptide. These studies show that transport of extracellular Q(6) to the mitochondria operates in yeast but is strain-dependent. When Q biosynthesis is disrupted in yeast strains with defects in the intracellular transport of exogenous Q, the bc(1) complex is unstable. These results indicate that delivery of exogenous Q(6) to mitochondria is required fore activity and stability of the bc(1) complex in yeast coq mutants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos-Ocaña
authors.forename: Thai Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Placido
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navas
authors.forename: Catherine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000378:metabolism*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D021381:Protein Transport; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III; D001205:Ascorbic Acid