title: Microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Assessment of angiogenesis may yield important information for an effective antiangiogenic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because HCC is characteristically hypervascular We examined the relationship of microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR in 50 patients with HCC and in 3 hepatoma cell lines. VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) was overexpressed in 26 tumors (52%), and the 3 VEGF isoforms (121, 165, and 189) were present in high frequencies. Flt-1 mRNA was overexpressed in 34 tumors (68%), with levels significantly increased in HCCs compared with the nontumorous livers. Tumor Flt-1 mRNA significantly correlated with tumor VEGF mRNA levels. Within the group of tumors 8.5 cm or less in diameter, tumors with intrahepatic metastasis in the form of tumor microsatellite formation had significantly higher VEGF mRNA levels. MVD assessed by immunohistochemical analysis with CD34 antibody was inversely related to tumor size. Angiogenesis as assessed by MVD and tumor VEGF expression seems to have a more important role in tumor growth and intrahepatic metastasis in smaller HCCs. The differential up-regulation of Flt-1 suggests that it may have an important role in angiogenesis in HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam.
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1