title: [Evaluation of patient doses in interventional radiology].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the suitability of indicative quantities to evaluate the risk related to patient exposure, in abdominal and vascular interventional radiology, by the study of correlations between dosimetric quantities and other indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed in vivo measurements of entrance skin dose (ESD) and dose area product (DAP) during 48 procedures to evaluate the correlation among dosimetric quantities, and an estimation of spatial distribution of exposure and effective dose (E). To measure DAP we used a transmission ionization chamber and to evaluate ESD and its spatial distribution we used radiographic film packed in a single envelope and placed near the patient's skin. E was estimated by a calculation software using data from film digitalisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the data derived for measurements in 27 interventional procedures on 48 patients we obtained a DAP to E conversion factor of 0.15 mSv / Gy cm2, with an excellent correlation (r=.99). We also found a good correlation between DAP and exposure parameters such as fluoroscopy time and number of images. The greatest effective dose was evaluated for a multiple procedure in the hepatic region, with a DAP value of 425 Gy cm2. The greatest ESD was about 550 mGy. For groups of patients undergoing similar interventional procedures the correlation between ESD and DAP had conversion factors from 6 to 12 mGy Gy-1 cm-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of ESD and E by slow films represents a valid method for patient dosimetry in interventional radiology. The good correlation between DAP and fluoroscopy time and number of images confirm the suitability of these indicators as basic dosimetric information. All the ESD values found are lower than threshold doses for deterministic effects.
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa Autonoma Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista, Turin, Italy. fisica@molinette.piemonte.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ropolo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rampado
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isoardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gandini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rabbia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Righi
mesh_terms: D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors
vernacular_title: Valutazioni di dose al paziente in radiologia interventistica.