title: Infant heart transplantation at Stanford: growth and neurodevelopmental outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of 18 surviving Stanford patients who received heart transplantations before their second birthday.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of these 18 patients with a second group of age-matched comparison patients who underwent other heart surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Difficulties with growth and development were more common in the transplant group as were neurologic abnormalities. Speech and language delays as well as hearing problems were also more common in the transplant group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multicenter prospective longitudinal neurodevelopmental outcome studies of infant heart transplant patients should be conducted to provide a more efficient basis for evaluating management protocols and assessment of long-term outcomes and of the need for early intervention services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.barry.fleisher@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Barry E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Fleisher
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Ginger
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brudos
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burge
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Constantinou
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duckworth
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gamberg
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luikart
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stach
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome