title: Hemorrhoidectomy: open or closed technique? A prospective, randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemorrhoidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with third-degree or fourth-degree hemorrhoids. However, whether the closed or open technique yields better results is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare these techniques with respect to operating time, analgesic requirement, hospital stay, morbidity rate, duration of inability to work, healing time, and follow-up results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective and randomized study, 80 patients with third- degree or fourth-degree hemorrhoidal disease were allocated to either the open- hemorrhoidectomy (Group A, n = 40) or the closed-procedure group (Group B, n = 40). Open hemorrhoidectomy was performed according to the St. Mark's Hospital technique, whereas the Ferguson technique was used for the closed procedure under general anesthesia with the patient in the jackknife position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operating time was significantly shorter in Group A (35 +/- 7 vs. 45 +/- 8 minutes, P < 0.001). Analgesic requirement on the day of surgery and the first postoperative day was also significantly lower (P < 0.05). The morbidity rate was higher in Group B (P < 0.05). Length of hospital stay and duration of inability to work were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Healing time was significantly shorter in Group B (2.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.5 weeks, P < 0.001). Median follow-up time was 19.5 (range, 4-40) months. The only late complication (anal stenosis) was observed in one patient in Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the healing time is longer, the open technique is more advantageous with respect to shorter operating time, less discomfort in the early postoperative period, and lower morbidity rate.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Surgery, Marmara University Institute of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rasim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gençosmanoğlu
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sad
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koç
authors.forename: Reşit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inceoğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics