title: The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal ropivacaine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: Postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgery is less than after laparotomy, and patients may benefit from an intraperitoneal injection of local anesthetic. Thirty-seven ASA physical status I or II patients received in double-blinded fashion 20 mL of 0.9% saline solution (placebo), ropivacaine 0.25% (Rop 0.25%), or ropivacaine 0.75% (Rop 0.75%) immediately after trocar placement and at the end of surgery. We measured pain and morphine consumption until 20 h after surgery. Plasma ropivacaine concentrations were measured. The three groups were comparable for shoulder pain, parietal pain, and incidence of side effects. Visceral pain at rest, during cough, and on movement and total consumption of morphine were significantly smaller in Groups Rop 0.25% and Rop 0.75% when compared with Placebo. Although no adverse effect occurred in any patient, the largest dose led to large plasma concentrations of ropivacaine (2.93 +/- 2.46 microg/mL and 3.76 +/- 3.01 microg/mL after the first and second injection, respectively). We conclude that intraperitoneal administration of ropivacaine before and after surgery significantly decreases postoperative pain. Because the smaller dosage (2 x 50 mg) provided similar analgesia and was associated with significantly smaller plasma concentrations than the larger dosage (2 x 150 mg), this smaller dosage seems more appropriate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraperitoneal ropivacaine 100 mg injected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly decreased postoperative pain when compared with injection of intraperitoneal placebo. At this dose, plasma concentrations remained in the nontoxic range,
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Labaille
authors.forename: Jean Xavier
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Mazoit
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Paqueron
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benhamou
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine