title: Naltrexone for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the efficacy of naltrexone (an opioid antagonist) for alcohol dependence in a sample of alcohol-dependent men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outpatient clinic of a combined war veteran and general teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male alcohol-dependent subjects recruited from the community and from veteran groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol-dependent subjects were treated with 50 mg of naltrexone or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Both treatment groups attended a weekly education support group. Subjects were assessed weekly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary study outcomes were the maintenance of abstinence and relapse to drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five subjects were randomized to naltrexone and 56 to placebo. Forty subjects did not complete 12 weeks of therapy (17 naltrexone, 23 placebo). In the intention-to-treat sample (N = 111) fewer naltrexone treated subjects relapsed (p = 0.001). Among patients who completed the 12-week trial, naltrexone reduced the consumption of alcohol. Naltrexone was well tolerated and there were few adverse experiences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that naltrexone is effective in preventing relapse to drinking in the setting of limited psychosocial treatment. Further studies should examine the duration of treatment needed to maintain the effect long term.
authors.affiliation: The Australian National Centre for War-related PTSD at the Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hopwood
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drummond
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000427:Alcohol Deterrents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011581:Psychological Tests; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013695:Temperance; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009271:Naltrexone