title: Effects of manganese on inositol polyphosphate receptors and nitric oxide synthase activity in rat brain.
abstract: The neurotoxic effects of excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) include degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, impairment of energy metabolism, and perturbations in phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis leading to altered calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. This study is designed to assess the in vitro and in vivo effects of Mn on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity and on the regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (InsP4) receptors involved in intracellular and extracellular mobilization of Ca2+. In vivo Mn exposure significantly increased 3H-InsP3 and 3H-InsP4 binding in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex in a dose-dependent manner. However, in vitro Mn decreased 3H-InsP3 binding and increased 3H-InsP4 binding. In vitro and in vivo exposure of Mn inhibited nNOS activity in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical studies also showed a notable decrease in nNOS immunoreactivity in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum, whereas no significant changes were observed in the cerebral cortex. These data suggest that Mn neurotoxicity may be due to altered calcium homeostasis by its modulation of inositol polyphosphate receptors. Further, the inhibition of nNOS by Mn is of considerable importance because NO regulates a number of neurotransmitter functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Savannah State University, Georgia 31404, USA. chettyc@savstate.edu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chetty
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desaiah
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Slikker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020149:Manganese Poisoning; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C061107:inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate receptor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C025340:manganese chloride; D002118:Calcium