title: [Classification of dysphonias based on the primary etiologic factor (part II)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phonation is a complex integral function of an organism. Regular phonation is characterized by: clearness and adequate pitch. Dysphonia is a disorder of phonation. It can have many acoustic forms, but hoarseness is the best known symptom of dysphonia. Acoustic phenomena in regard to voice are caused by: irregularities in vocal cord vibration, turbulent airflow in the glottis and obstruction of glottis.
  The best known classification of dysphonias was introduced by Perello. There are two groups: 1. organic dysphonias and 2. functional dysphonias. On the 8th Congress of the Union of European Phoniatrists, in Köszeg (Hungary, 1979), Majdevac proposed a new classification.
  We are proposing a new classification according to the primary etiologic factor of dysphonias. In this paper, we shall consider four gropus: from the fifth to eighth.
  This group includes: 1. Dysphonia caused by pituitary disorders 2. Dysphonia caused by thyroid gland disorders 3. Dysphonia caused by parathyroid glands disorders 4. Dysphonia caused by pancreatic function disorders 5. Dysphonia caused by suprarenal function disorders 6. Dysphonias caused by sexual glands function disorders 7. Intersexuality.
  This group includes: 1. Permanent hyperkinetic dysphonia 2. Permanent hyperkinetic dysphonia with vocal cord nodules 3. Dysphonia caused by myogenic imperfect closure of vocal cords 4. Phonastenia.
  This group includes: 1. Dysphonia caused by laryngeal hypoplasia 2. Dysphonia caused by laryngeal asymmetry 3. Dysphonia caused by epiglottal anomalies 4. Dysphonia caused by laryngeal diaphragm.
  This group includes: 1. Dysphonia caused by benign tumors 2. Dysphonia caused by malignant tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysphonia is a disorder of phonation which originates from glottal level. Disorders of phonation require observation of an organism as a whole and studying all mechanisms which take part in voice production. This provides examination of voice disorders, their establishment and adequate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinika za bolesti uha, grla i nosa, Klinicki centar, Novi Sad.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Majdevac
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitrović
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jović
mesh_terms: D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities; D009784:Occupational Diseases; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology
vernacular_title: Klasifikacija disfonija prema primarnom etioloskom faktoru (II deo).