title: Electrochemical treatment of acidic aqueous ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate as models for acid mine drainage.
abstract: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious environmental problem in the mining industry. The present work describes electrolytic reduction of solutions of synthetic AMD, comprising FeSO4/H2SO4 and CuSO4/H2SO4, in flow-through cells whose anode and cathode compartments were separated using ion exchange membranes. In the case of FeSO4/H2SO4 at constant flow rate, the pH of the effluent from the catholyte increased progressively with current at a variety of cathodes, due to electrolytic reduction of H+ ions to elemental hydrogen. Near-quantitative removal of iron was achieved by sparging air into the catholyte effluent, thereby precipitating iron outside the electrochemical cell, and avoiding fouling of the electrodes. The anode reaction was the oxidation of water to O2, a proton-releasing process. Using cation exchange membranes and sodium sulfate as the supporting electrolyte in the anode compartment, the efficiency of the process was compromised at high currents by transport of H+ competitively with Na+ from the anode to the cathode compartments. Higher efficiencies were obtained when anion exchange membranes were used, and in this case no additional supporting electrolyte other than dilute H2SO4 was needed, the net reaction being the electrochemically driven transfer of the elements of H2SO4 from the cathode to the anode compartments. Current efficiencies approximately 50% were achieved, the loss of efficiency being accounted for by ohmic heating of the solutions. In the case of CuSO4/H2SO4 and anion exchange membranes at high currents, reduction of Cu2+ and H+ ions and transport of SO4(2-) ions out of the catholyte caused unacceptably high potentials to be generated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. bunce@chembio.uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chartrand
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keech
mesh_terms: D002412:Cations; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008906:Mining; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D019327:Copper Sulfate