title: Extravesical cryosurgical approach for VX2 bladder tumor in rabbits.
abstract: This study characterized the VX2 bladder cancer model in rabbits and tested the feasibility of treating bladder cancer by extravesical cryosurgery. After the growth characteristics of the VX2 bladder tumor model were determined, the VX2 tumor was inoculated into rabbits at the dome of the bladder. One week later, three freeze/thaw cycles were followed by immediate surgical repair. The control group underwent a sham operation without freezing. When the VX2 tumor is injected into the bladder wall, invasion and central necrosis occurred within I week, lymphatic metastases by 2 weeks, and lung metastases by 3 weeks after inoculation. By 4 weeks, all control rabbits had large VX2 tumors in their bladders and advanced lung metastases. Nine of the ten rabbits in the cryosurgical group had mild to moderate degrees of lung metastases, and six of them had relatively small local recurrences. One rabbit had no tumor in the bladder and only microscopic lung metastasis. The extravesical approach to cryosurgery employing bladder inversion is well tolerated. Cryosurgery exhibits modest efficacy in treating local tumors and delaying lung metastasis in this aggressive tumor model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebert
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cromeens
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000592:standards; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures