title: Influence of acidulated phosphate fluoride agents on surface characteristics of composite restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the surface changes of resin-based composites (RBC) when they were exposed to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  One microfilled (Silux Plus) and four hybrid (Clearfil AP-X, Lite-Fil IIA, Palfique Estelite, Progress) RBCs were separately treated with two APF agents (Fluorident Gel, Floden A). Changes in surface roughness were determined with a surface analyzer, and relief patterns were observed using a scanning electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the surfaces of hybrid RBC materials containing macro-inorganic filler particles were generally found to be rougher than that of the microfilled composite regardless of APF treatment, macro-inorganic fillers in two of the hybrid composites demonstrated noticeable etched patterns generated by an APF solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soeno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atsuta
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C112828:Clearfil AP-X; D003188:Composite Resins; C083468:Lite-fil CR; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C086113:palfique estelite; C074741:Silux Plus; C072653:Helio Progress; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride