title: Effects of amplified and damped auditory feedback on vocal characteristics.
abstract: This study tested two possible methods for reducing vocal load e.g. during classroom speech. Six female subjects read aloud from a text (1) under normal circumstances, (2) while hearing their own voice amplified (through headphones) and (3) with auditory feedback damped by foam plastic earplugs inserted in the outer ear canal. Fundamental frequency (F0) and sound pressure level (SPL) decreased during both amplified and damped feedback. Additionally, during amplification the relative level of F0 compared to that of the first formant diminished, likewise the alpha ratio. These changes may indicate reduced vocal fold adduction. The results suggest that both amplification and damping of auditory feedback may reduce vocal load during phonation.
authors.affiliation: Teachers' Training Department, University of Akureyri, Iceland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jónsdottir
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilomäki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roininen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alastalo-Borenius
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilkman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010699:Phonation; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*