title: Nuclear chromatin characteristics of breast solid pattern ductal carcinoma in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize nuclei from breast solid pattern ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by their karyometric features and to search for the presence of statistically significantly different subsets of nuclei.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred nuclei from each of 6 normal, 13 solid DCIS, (9 low and intermediate grade and 4 high grade DCIS) histopathologic samples of breast tissue were digitally recorded. Karyometric features were computed and subjected to a nonsupervised learning algorithm (P-index) to identify significantly different subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclei in low grade lesions displayed a diploid/near diploid pattern, while the majority of intermediate grade lesions fell into a range beyond 5N. The high grade lesions showed substantial genomic instability and represented three statistically different subsets or phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a progression of nuclear abnormality from low grade to high grade DCIS. The nuclei from high grade DCIS form a heterogeneous set that represents three phenotypes. One of these phenotypes shows a nuclear chromatin pattern that more closely resembles poorly differentiated, infiltrating disease. The observation of such a phenotype may have prognostic implications.
authors.affiliation: Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007620:Karyometry; D010641:Phenotype; D011003:Ploidies
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin