title: Simulation of hepatitis C based on a mandatory reporting system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver disease in European countries. We aimed to assess the current and future disease burden of hepatitis C.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative data set of hepatitis C was applied to a validated computer model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mandatory reporting of positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) test results by all medical laboratories in Switzerland and the clinical data obtained by questionnaire for each positive test from the treating physicians created a unique, representative epidemiological database allowing the determination of the age distribution of acute (i.e. newly acquired) and chronic HCV infections. Based on these data and a simulation model of the natural history of hepatitis C, we estimated the prevalence of HCV infection, future morbidity/mortality from cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma and costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our analysis estimates a prevalence of anti-HCV in Switzerland of 1.25-1.75%, which is slightly higher than prior reports (0.5-1%) derived by extrapolation from selected populations. Although new HCV infections decreased after 1990, our analysis predicts that HCV-related morbidity and mortality will increase by 70-90%, reaching a maximum in 2015-2020, largely from complications in cases already prevalent in 1998. The model predicts that the incidence of cirrhosis will begin to decrease after 2005-2010. Antiviral treatment reduces disease burden by approximately 5%. Undiscounted HCV-related annual direct costs will more than double and reach a maximum of almost US$33 million in 2020.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of HCV-related cirrhosis is predicted to decrease after 2005-2010, while disease burden and costs due to complications are estimated to continue to increase until 2015-2020.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagmeister
authors.forename: Eberhard L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mullhaupt
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017281:Cost of Illness; D018450:Disease Progression; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D015995:Prevalence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology