title: Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces neuroprotection against ischemia in transient not permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine if repeated hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure induces ischemic tolerance in focal cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty male SD rats were used in this study. Thirty animals underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the other thirty permanent MCAO model. The rats were randomly allocated to 3 sub-groups: control group (n = 10), HBO-3 group (n = 10), and HBO-5 group (n = 10). The animals in HBO-3 and HBO-5 groups received 1 hour hyperbaric oxygenation at 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA) in 100% oxygen every day for 3 and 5 days, respectively. The animals in the control group received sham treatments. 24 hours after the last HBO, transient MCAO (120 min) and permanent MCAO were induced by introducing a 3-0 nylon monofilament suture through internal carotid artery based on the Koizumi technique. The neurological outcome was evaluated until 24 hours after reperfusion in transient MCAO rats and ischemia in permanent MCAO rats. The infarct volume was then assessed by TTC staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In transient MCAO rats, the neurological outcome in both the HBO-3 and HBO-5 groups was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05 and 0.001). The infarct volume decreased from 171.5 +/- 113 mm3 to 40.6 +/- 49.9 mm3(P < 0.05) in the HBO-3 group and 16.2 +/- 28.8 mm3(P < 0.01) in the HBO-5 group. There were no significant differences in neurological outcome and infarct volume among the three groups in permanent MCAO rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that HBO preconditioning can induce ischemic tolerance in transient not permanent MCAO rats in a "dose-dependent" manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors