title: Primary studies on heroin abuse and injury induced by oxidation and lipoperoxidation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further reveal serious risks of heroin abuse to human body and clarify grave injuries of oxidation, peroxidation and lipoperoxidation induced by nitric oxide and other free radicals to heroin abusers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Determined and compared plasma levels of nitric oxide (P-NO), vitamin C (P-VC), vitamin E (P-VE), beta-carotene (P-beta-CAR), lipoperoxides (P-LPO) and erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase (E-SOD), catalase (E-CAT), glutathione peroxidase (E-GSH-Px) and erythrocyte level of lipoperoxides (E-LPO) in 137 cases of heroin abusers (HAs) and 100 cases of healthy volunteers (HVs), used linear regression and correlation, stepwise regression and correlation to analyze correlation among heroin-abusing-duration (HAD), daily-heroin-abusing-quantity (DHAQ) with above determination values in the HAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the above average values in the HVs group, the average values of P-NO, P-LPO, E-LPO in the HAs group were significantly increased (P < 0.0001), the average values of P-VC, P-VE, P-beta-CAR, E-SOD, E-CAT and E-GSH-Px were significantly decreased (P < 0.0001); the analysis of linear regression and correlation showed that with ascending of the HAD and DHAQ in the HAs, the values of P-NO, P-LPO, E-LPO were gradually increased (P < 0.0001), the values of P-VC, P-VE, P-beta-CAR, E-SOD, E-CAT, E-GSH-Px were gradually decreased (P < 0.0001); the analysis of stepwise regression and correlation suggested that the correlation among the HAD, DHAQ with the values of P-NO, P-VC, P-VE was the closest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The balance between oxidation and antioxidation in the HAs was seriously destroyed, and the injuries induced by nitric oxide and other free radicals, oxidation, peroxidation and lipoperoxidation reactions to the body of HAs gravely exacerbated. In the abstaining from heroin dependence, therefore, it should consider that sufficient quantum antioxidants such as VC, VE and beta-CAR are dosed to the HAs so as to abate the injuries to their bodies.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003932:Heroin; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid