title: Translating research into practice. Implications of the Thunder Project II.
abstract: The Thunder Project II study described procedural pain in a variety of acute and critical care settings. The procedures studied were turning, tracheal suctioning, wound drain removal, nonburn wound dressing change, femoral sheath removal, and central venous catheter insertion. Turning had the highest mean pain intensity, whereas femoral sheath removal and central venous catheter insertion had the least pain intensity in adults. Nonwound dressing change had the highest pain intensity for teenagers. Pain occurred in procedures that are often repeated several times a day as well as in those that may be single events. There is a wide range of pain responses to any of these procedures; as a result, standardized and thoughtful pain, and distress assessments are warranted. Planning of care, including the use of preemptive analgesic interventions, needs to be individualized. Future studies are needed to describe patient responses to other commonly performed nursing procedures and to identify effective interventions for reducing procedural pain and distress.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. clthompson@utmem.edu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Perdue
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanik-Hutt
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Puntillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001458:Bandages; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002648:Child; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014187:Transportation of Patients