title: Direct costs of schizophrenia in Italian community psychiatric services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate resource utilisation and direct costs of treatment for patients with schizophrenia in Italian Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre, retrospective observational study. CMHCs recruited all patients who attended a follow-up consultation during the period September to December 1998. At enrollment, psychiatrists completed a questionnaire on consumption of resources in the 2 months before recruitment.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 CMHCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Italian National Health Service (INHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  702 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition. These patients had been followed by the CMHCs for at least 2 years and attended a follow-up consultation either during the period September to December 1998 or on randomly selected days during this period. Patients were classified into seven groups according to their diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean direct cost of patients with schizophrenia in the 2-month observation period was 2,234,475 Italian lire [L] (1154.01 Euro; EUR); direct costs ranged from L.1,545,818 to L.2,775,658 (EUR798.35 to EUR1433.51) by prognostic group. There was wide variability for prognostic groups in the impact of most cost components on total cost. Admissions accounted for between 11.4 and 56.3% of the total cost, daycare centre days for between 11.3 and 35.5%, home visits for 7.8 to 16.4%, and day-hospital days for 5.4 to 32.8%. Antipsychotics and anxiolytics were the most prescribed drugs and also the most costly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the limitations of the study related to the short period considered, we believe this study offers some interesting information on the burden of schizophrenia, a disease for which its cost has received limited attention so far in Italy.
authors.affiliation: CESAV, Centro di Economia Sanitaria Angelo e Angela Valenti dell'Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche M. Negri-Ranica, Bergamo, Italy. liviogarattini@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garattini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tediosi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornaggia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Covelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbui
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000191:economics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires