title: Biocompatibility of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement applied as pulp capping in human teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the human pulp response following pulp capping with calcium hydroxide (CH, Group 1), and the resin-modified glass-ionomer Vitrebond (VIT, Group 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intact teeth with no cavity preparation were used as control Group (ICG, Group 3). Buccal Class V cavities were prepared in 34 sound human premolars. After exposing the pulps, the pulp capping materials were applied and the cavities were filled using Clearfil Liner Bond 2 bonding agent and Z100 resin-based composite. The teeth were extracted after 5, 30, and from 120 to 300 days, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, and prepared according to routine histological techniques. 6-microm sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, or Brown & Brenn technique for bacterial observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 days, CH caused a large zone of coagulation necrosis. The mononuclear inflammatory reaction underneath the necrotic zone was slight to moderate. VIT caused a moderate to intense inflammatory pulp response with a large necrotic zone. A number of congested venules associated with plasma extravasation and neutrophilic infiltration was observed. Over time, only CH allowed pulp repair and complete dentin bridging around the pulp exposure site. VIT components displaced into the pulp tissue triggered a persistent inflammatory reaction which appeared to be associated with a lack of dentin bridge formation. After 30 days a few histological sections showed a number of bacteria on the lateral dentin walls. In these samples the pulp response was similar to those samples with no microleakage. VIT was more irritating to pulp tissue than CH, which allowed pulp repair associated with dentin bridge formation. These results suggested that VIT is not an appropriate dental material to be used in direct pulp capping for mechanically exposed human pulps.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odonologia de Araraquara/UNESP, Departamento de Fisiología e Patología, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.forename: U F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004396:Coloring Agents; D020770:Compomers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003188:Composite Resins; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000628:therapy; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000187:drug effects; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000209:etiology; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C112274:Clearfil Liner Bond 2; D004396:Coloring Agents; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C067790:Vitrabond; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide