title: [A prospect of molecular biology in the field of urologic oncology: mechanisms of carcinogenesis or tumor development in testicular cancer].
abstract: Testicular germ cell tumor comprises about 1% of all the malignancies of males in Japan, and occurs in only one over 100,000 males annually. A susceptibility gene may be located on the short arm of the chromosome 12. Among the genes in this region, the expression of the KRAS2 mRNA was increased in testicular cancer compared to the normal testicular tissue. By DNA typing, HLA-DR4 and 0405 allele in HLA-DRB1 showed high relative risk for testicular cancer. We analyzed the expression of the WT1 gene, reported to be a growth promoter for leukemia, by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Relative expression of the WT1 gene was significantly increased in high-stage cases than in low-stage cases, suggesting that WT1 could be useful as a tumor marker for progression of testicular cancers. Testicular germ cell tumors are usually very sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, and p53 has been reported to play an important role in chemosensitivity. Therefore, mutations of the p53 gene or other genes downstream may be responsible for their chemoresistance. The expression of the GML (GPI--anchored molecule like protein) gene was examined in testicular cancers. Its expression was not correlated with histology or stage. However, 4 refractory cases, 2 of which were recurrent cases from stage I and the others were at high stages, showed no expression of the GML mRNA. These interesting facts suggest that the expression of GML gene could be a good marker for the prognosis of testicular germ cell tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D018237:Germinoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000639:trends*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018631:ras Proteins
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D025721:WT1 Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins