title: Criminal responsibility assessment in Switzerland: changes and continuity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The factors that experts use to assess criminal responsibility are not very well known. Changes in the importance attributed to certain diagnoses are occasionally mentioned in the literature. The aim of this study is to identify the existence and the nature of such modifications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the socio-demographic, criminological and psychiatric characteristics of two samples of psychiatric assessments carried out in Geneva, Switzerland in 1973-74 (N = 75) and 1997-98 (N = 94).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups of subjects described by the experts' reports appear to be quite different in several characteristics. However, the rate at which experts conclude their reports in favour of diminished responsibility was not found to be significantly different. The logistic regression shows that the diagnosis of personality disorder is the only variable that influenced the experts differently for the 1997-98 period compared to the 1973-74 period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Geneva, psychiatric experts still continue to ascribe diminished responsibility to offenders suffering from psychosis or depression. However, the population that undergoes psychiatric assessments nowadays has changed considerably.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Légale, Avenue de Champel 9, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niveau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sozonets
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D003710:Demography; D005104:Expert Testimony; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007298:Insanity Defense / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology