Nitric oxide donors and cardiovascular agents modulating the bioactivity of nitric oxide: an overview.
Nitric oxide (NO) mediates multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacological compounds that release NO have been useful tools for evaluating the pivotal role of NO in cardiovascular physiology and therapeutics. These agents constitute two broad classes of compounds, those that release NO or one of its redox congeners spontaneously and those that require enzymatic metabolism to generate NO. In addition, several commonly used cardiovascular drugs exert their beneficial action, in part, by modulating the NO pathway. Here, we review these classes of agents, summarizing their fundamental chemistry and pharmacology, and provide an overview of their cardiovascular mechanisms of action.
Ignarro
Louis J
LJ
Nitric Oxide Research Group, Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Napoli
Claudio
C
Loscalzo
Joseph
J
D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*
D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide