title: Bond strength of prosthodontic luting materials to titanium after localized cyclic loading.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an in vitro analysis system to evaluate the effect of cyclic loading on the bond strengths and durability of luting materials bonded to titanium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Machine-milled titanium disks were finished with 600 grit silicon-carbide paper and pairs of disks were bonded together using the five different luting materials. A stainless steel stylus was vertically loaded at a center position (Model 1) or at the border (Model 2) of the specimens with a force of 75.6 N at 7500 cycles/hr. When the stylus contacted the specimen surface through the water slurry of poly(methyl methacrylate) beads, it rotated clockwise up to 15 degrees and counter-rotated. Shear bond strengths were determined 1 hr after bonding, after storage in water at room temperature for 24 hr, and after the loading for 100,000 cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond strengths of the unfilled adhesive resin and resin-based composite cement (RBC) were significantly higher than those of the glass-ionomer cements. Zinc phosphate cement demonstrated no bonding ability to titanium. After 100,000 cycles, peripheral loading in Model 2 significantly reduced the bond strength of the RBC and glass-ionomer cements, while Model 1 loading did not. The highest and the most durable bonds were obtained with the unfilled adhesive resin in both models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Dentistry, 35294-0007, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Givan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lacefield
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atsuta
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012399:Rotation; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D019279:Resin Cements; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D014867:Water; D013193:Stainless Steel; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement; C040235:Ketac-cem; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C049495:Super-bond; D014025:Titanium; D015034:Zinc Oxide; C022088:silicon carbide