title: Use of a ruthenium(III), iron(II), and nickel(II) hexacyanometallate-modified graphite electrode with immobilized oxalate oxidase for the determination of urinary oxalate.
abstract: This paper describes the performance of a biosensor with an Ru(III), Ni(II), and Fe(II) hexacyanometallate-modified graphite electrode and immobilized oxalate oxidase for the determination of urinary oxalate. The addition of ruthenium enhances the electrochemical reversibility and chemical stability of the electrocrystallized layer and improves the sensitivity of the biosensor. Hydrogen peroxide, produced by the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of oxalate, was measured at -50 mV vs an Hg Hg2CI2 3M KCl electrode in a solution of pH 3.6 succinic buffer, 0.1 M KCl, and 5.4mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The linear concentration range for the determination of oxalate was 0.18-280 microM. The recoveries of added oxalate (10-35 microM) from aqueous solution ranged from 99.5 to 101.7%, whereas from urine samples without oxalate (or with a concentration of oxalate below the detection limit) the recoveries of added oxalate ranged from 91.4 to 106.6%. The oxalate in 24 h urine samples, taken during their daily routine from 35 infants and children, was measured and found to range from 0.6 to 121.7 mg/L. There were no interferences from uric acid, acetylsalicylic acid, and urea in the concentration range investigated, but paracetamol and ascorbic acid did interfere. A good correlation (R2 = 0.9242) was found between values obtained for oxalate in real urine samples by 2 laboratories, with the proposed biosensor and ion chromatography, respectively.
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Croatia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milardović
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Grabarić
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rumenjak
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milosević
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods; D003486:Cyanides; D005295:Ferrocyanides; D006108:Graphite; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007501:Iron; D009532:Nickel; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000652:urine*; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D012428:Ruthenium; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D005295:Ferrocyanides; D006108:Graphite; D009532:Nickel; D012428:Ruthenium; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D007501:Iron; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C020598:oxalate oxidase; C020354:hexacyanoferrate II