title: Neurovirulence of type 1 polioviruses isolated from sewage in Japan.
abstract: Sixteen type 1 poliovirus strains were isolated from a sewage disposal plant located downstream of the Oyabe River in Japan between October 1993 and September 1995. The isolates were intratypically differentiated as vaccine-derived strains. Neutralizing antigenicity analysis with monoclonal antibodies and estimation of neurovirulence by mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) were performed for 13 type 1 strains of these isolates. The isolates were classified into three groups. Group I (five strains) had a variant type of antigenicity and neurovirulent phenotype. Group II (four strains) had the vaccine type of antigenicity and neurovirulent phenotype. Group III (four strains) had the vaccine type of antigenicity and an attenuated phenotype. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the virulent isolates were neutralized by human sera obtained after oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) administration, and the sera of rats immunized with inactivated poliovirus vaccine. Although vaccination was effective against virulent polioviruses, virulent viruses will continue to exist in the environment as long as OPV is in use.
authors.affiliation: Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Kumegawa 5-34-4, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0003, Japan. jpri@technowave.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D012722:Sewage