title: Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irinotecan hydrochloride, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is effective against small-cell lung cancer. In a phase 2 study of irinotecan plus cisplatin in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer, there was a high response rate and a promising median survival time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 study in which we compared irinotecan plus cisplatin with etoposide plus cisplatin in patients with extensive (metastatic) small-cell lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The planned size of the study population was 230 patients, but enrollment was terminated early because an interim analysis found a statistically significant difference in survival between the patients assigned to receive irinotecan and cisplatin and those assigned to receive etoposide and cisplatin; as a result, only 154 patients were enrolled. The median survival was 12.8 months in the irinotecan-plus-cisplatin group and 9.4 months in the etoposide-plus-cisplatin group (P=0.002 by the unadjusted log-rank test). At two years, the proportion of patients surviving was 19.5 percent in the irinotecan-plus-cisplatin group and 5.2 percent in the etoposide-plus-cisplatin group. Severe or life-threatening myelosuppression was more frequent in the etoposide-plus-cisplatin group than in the irinotecan-plus-cisplatin group, and severe or life-threatening diarrhea was more frequent in the irinotecan-plus-cisplatin group than in the etoposide-plus-cisplatin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irinotecan plus cisplatin is an effective treatment for metastatic small-cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Koshiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Tomohide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Nagahiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saijo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002945:Cisplatin; D002166:Camptothecin