title: A one-step conversion of benzene to phenol with a palladium membrane.
abstract: Existing phenol production processes tend to be energy-consuming and produce unwanted by-products. We report an efficient process using a shell-and-tube reactor, in which a gaseous mixture of benzene and oxygen is fed into a porous alumina tube coated with a palladium thin layer and hydrogen is fed into the shell. Hydrogen dissociated on the palladium layer surface permeates onto the back and reacts with oxygen to give active oxygen species, which attack benzene to produce phenol. This one-step process attained phenol formation selectivities of 80 to 97% at benzene conversions of 2 to 16% below 250 degrees C (phenol yield: 1.5 kilograms per kilogram of catalyst per hour at 150 degrees C).
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niwa Si
authors.forename: Muthusamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eswaramoorthy
authors.forename: Jalajakumari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Naotsugu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Takemi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namba
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mizukami