Systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice after rectal and vaginal immunization with HIV-DNA vaccine.
We examined the feasibility of inducing local and systemic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immune responses by rectal and vaginal application of an HIV-DNA vaccine. Mice were immunized with an HIV-DNA vaccine preparation via a rectal or vaginal route. After several applications, HIV-specific antibodies were detected in sera, fecal extract solutions, and vaginal washes, and these antibodies were potent in inhibiting the syncytium formation of a CD4-positive human T cell line by a cell line capable of inducing HIV-1 infection. Spleen cells from rectally and vaginally immunized mice showed antigen-mediated IFN-gamma-inducing activity. In addition, with rectal immunization, mononuclear cells from both the spleen and the regional lymph nodes of the rectal region were found to be potent at inducing a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. These humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were enhanced by augmenting the vaccine with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-expressing plasmids or IL-12-expressing plasmid. Our results demonstrated that both rectal and vaginal immunization could induce systemic and mucosal immunity and that these responses were enhanced by the addition of the above cytokine-expressing plasmids.
Hamajima
Kenji
K
Department of Bacteriology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
Hoshino
Yuka
Y
Xin
Ke-Qin
KQ
Hayashi
Futaba
F
Tadokoro
Kazuyuki
K
Okuda
Kenji
K
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D007371:Interferon-gamma