title: A longitudinal study of electrode impedance, the electrically evoked compound action potential, and behavioral measures in nucleus 24 cochlear implant users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary goal of this study was to examine changes that may occur in electrode impedance, electrically evoked compound action potential (EAP) threshold and slope of the EAP growth function, and behavioral measures of threshold T-level) and maximum comfort (C-level) over time in both adult and child cochlear implant users. Secondary goals were to determine whether changes in these measures are consistent between children and adults, and to determine whether behavioral measures (MAP T- and C-levels) and electrophysiologic measures (EAP thresholds) exhibit the same trends over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five children and 33 adults implanted with the Nucleus CI24M between November 1996 and August 1999 participated in this study. Subjects were included in this study if 1) they had used their implant for at least 1 yr after device connection, and 2) they had participated in the necessary data collection at a minimum number of the time intervals assessed in this study. EAP threshold, slope of the EAP growth function, and common ground electrode impedance measures were collected intraoperatively, at initial stimulation, and at several subsequent visits up to 2 yr post initial stimulation. MAP T- an d C-levels weremeasured at initial stimulation and at the same time intervals as described above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in electrode impedance, EAP thresholds, and slope of the EAP growth function from measures made intraoperatively, at initial stimulation, and at 1 to 2 mo post initial stimulation were similar in both children and adults. Beyond the 1- to 2-mo visit, children exhibited significant increases in electrode impedance, EAP thresholds, slope, and MAP T-levels, whereas these samemeasures in adults remained relatively stable. EAP thresholds in children stabilized by the 3- to 8-mo visit, and electrode impedance stabilized by the 6- to 8-mo visit, while slope of the EAP growth function, MAP T-levels,and MAP C-levels werestable by 1 yr post initial stimulation. C-levels in adults increased up to 1 yr post initial stimulation; however, the amount of increase was much smaller than that seen in children. In both children and adults, longitudinal trends in EAP thresholds mirrored T-level more closely than C-level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that peripheral changes occur in many children that do not generally occur in adults within the first year of cochlear implant use. One implication of these results is that if EAP thresholds are to be used to assist in programming the speech processor for children, it is best to make those measures at the same time interval as device programming rather than using measures made intraoperatively or at the initial programming session to set MAP levels at later visits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Vander Werff
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kelsay
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Teagle
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lowder
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D013997:Time Factors