title: Heavy metal localisation in mycorrhizas of Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser (Orchidaceae) from zinc mine tailings.
abstract: The metal distribution within mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of Epipactis atrorubens collected from zinc mine tailings and an area rich in heavy metal ores (both located in southern Poland) was investigated. The tailings, consisting of post-flotation material, were characterised by high levels of toxic elements such as Zn, Pb, and Cd, while soil outside the tailings was also strongly enriched in heavy metals. Atomic absorption spectrometry and proton-induced X-ray emission analysis revealed that heavy metals were mostly accumulated within orchid roots. Elemental maps from proton-induced X-ray emission showed that plant root epidermis and fungal coils which had developed within cortical cells of roots collected from the zinc mine tailings were the main places of Zn and Pb accumulation, associated with increased concentrations of Fe, Cd, Ti, Mn, Si, Ca, and S. The mean content of Pb and Zn in the coils was 4 to 5 times higher than in the root epidermis. In mycorrhizal roots from the tailings a statistically significant decrease in Pb and Zn content towards the inside of the root was observed. The mean content of Pb in coils from roots of plants growing outside the tailings was about 1% of the concentration in root coils from the tailings. Coils selected from orchid roots originating from a site outside the tailings contained comparatively high concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Cu, which was probably due to the high content of these elements in the soil. The results presented suggest a biofiltering effect against heavy metals by orchid mycorrhizal fungi.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurkiewicz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turnau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Przybyłowicz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Godzik
mesh_terms: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008906:Mining; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011044:Poland; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D015032:Zinc