title: Association of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II polymorphism 196R with Systemic lupus erythematosus in the Japanese: molecular and functional analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a polymorphism(s) or mutation(s) in the tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII) gene is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  All 10 exons of the TNFRII gene were analyzed by exon-specific polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism, followed by nucleotide sequencing of exons that displayed aberrant bands. To analyze the function of the TNFRII polymorphisms, the full-length TNFRII complementary DNA of each allele was transfected in HeLa cells and then studied for specific binding of 125I-TNFalpha, as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and cytotoxic activity after treatment with recombinant human TNFalpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 4 polymorphisms, at codons 56, 181, 196, and 232. The latter 2 had amino acid substitutions M196R and E232K, respectively. Only the 196R allele was significantly associated with SLE in our 105 Japanese SLE patients, with an allele frequency of 20.5%, compared with 12.6% in 99 healthy controls (P = 0.0335). More importantly, using TNFRII-transfected HeLa cells, we demonstrated significantly increased IL-6 production by 196R TNFRII compared with 196M TNFRII. The cytotoxic activity induced by 196R TNFRII was also increased compared with that of 196M TNFRII. This increase was achieved without affecting the binding affinity of TNFalpha to TNF-RII, as demonstrated by the finding that specific TNFalpha binding to the HeLa transfectants of 196R and 196M TNFRII was similar, with Kd values of 3.12 x 10(-10)M and 4.34 x 10(-10)M, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that 196R TNFRII, which transduces the signals of TNFalpha more effectively than does 196M TNFRII, is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
authors.affiliation: Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arinobu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007564:Japan; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000502:physiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012995:Solubility; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D003470:Culture Media; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha