title: Cardiopulmonary effects of three different anaesthesia protocols in cats.
abstract: To develop an alternative anaesthetic regimen for cats with cardiomyopathy, the cardiopulmonary effects of three different premedication-induction protocols, followed by one hour maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen: air were evaluated in six cats. Group I: acepromazine (10 microg/kg) + buprenorphine (10 microg/kg) IM, etomidate (1-2 mg/kg) IV induction. Group II: midazolam (1 mg/kg) + ketamine (10 mg/kg) IM induction. Group III: medetomidine (1.5 mg/m2 body surface) IM, propofol (1-2 mg/kg) IV induction. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gases, respiration rate, and temperature were recorded for the duration of the experiment. In group I the sedative effect after premedication was limited. In the other groups the level of sedation was sufficient. In all groups premedication resulted in a reduced blood pressure which decreased further immediately following induction. The reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached statistical significance in group I (142+/-22 to 81+/-14 mmHg) and group II (153+/-28 to 98+/-20 mmHg) but not in group III (165+/-24 to 134+/-29 mmHg). Despite the decrease in blood pressure, MAP was judged to have remained within an acceptable range in all groups. During maintenance of anaesthesia, heart rate decreased significantly in group III (from 165+/-24 to 125+/-10 b.p.m. at t=80 min). During anaesthesia the PCO2 and PO2 values increased significantly in all groups. On the basis of the results, the combination acepromazine-buprenorphine is preferred because heart rate, MAP, and respiration are acceptable, it has a limited sedative effect but recovery is smooth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Anaesthesiology Section, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Akkerdaas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mioch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sap
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hellebrekers
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000662:veterinary*; D002415:Cats; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005045:Etomidate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D002047:Buprenorphine; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol; D005045:Etomidate