title: Surgery and functional outcomes in deaf children receiving cochlear implants before age 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the feasibility of cochlear implantation in children younger than 2 years regarding surgery and functional outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary pediatric cochlear implant center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of 12 children younger than 2 years at the time of cochlear implantation (8 boys and 4 girls). The cause of hearing loss was meningitis in 6 children and congenital in 6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multichannel cochlear implantation using the Nucleus C124M (Cochlear Co, Sydney, Australia) device. Functional outcome was assessed using the Listening Progress Profile and the Categories of Auditory Performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perioperative and postoperative surgical complications and functional outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight children had a completely patent cochlea. Four children required a 3- to 5-mm drilling to reach the scala tympani because of ossification after meningitis. Full insertion was achieved in 11 patients; the other child received 18 electrodes. One patient had temporary facial nerve weakness; 2 others had wound edema and serous discharge that resolved with conservative management. In the longer term, 1 child experienced a single episode of acute otitis media; another had recurrent episodes of otitis media. Mean Listening Progress Profile scores increased from 1 to 42 and median Categories of Auditory Performance scores increased from 0 to 5 at 2 years postsurgery. Comparison with the scores in the 2- to 5-year group showed no significant differences. No significant tuning difficulties were experienced with all children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cochlear implantation is feasible in children younger than 2 years without significant surgical complications or particular tuning difficulties. Functional results 2 years after implantation were as good as or better than those of children who underwent implantation between ages 2 and 5 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Center NHS Trust, Nottingham, England.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hehar
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulos
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Gibbin
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
mesh_terms: D003051:Cochlea / Q000473:pathology; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003638:Deafness / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000150:complications; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome