title: Brain copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, sulfur and phosphorus storage in Wilson's disease.
abstract: METHODS
  Wilson's disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism characterised by juvenile liver cirrhosis and by neurological symptoms. Copper levels in brain in WD have been reported to be 10 to 15 fold normal values, depending on the different brain regions. Being very few data on copper distribution in central nervous system in WD available, it seemed of interest to study the concentration of copper and of other trace elements (Zn, P, Mg, Ca, Fe and S) in the brain of a patient died for WD.
  
  
  METHODS
  a 56 year old woman affected by WD was admitted to our hospital with signs of hepatic failure and died few days later. At autopsy, a brain slice extending from the left to the right hemisphere was divided in 28 samples. On each sample Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Zinc and Calcium were determined by Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the mean concentration of copper, ranging from 88 to 158 microg/g of dry tissue in all the brain specimens was higher than literature reference values, while that of the other tested elements was considerably lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) In the brain of WD patient examined the status of trace elements was extensively altered. Further studies are necessary to correlate the concentration of trace elements with pathological lesions and with clinical pictures. 2) The elements considered in our study showed an uneven distribution in different brain areas.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Citomorfologia, Università di Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lisci
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Caria
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ambu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sciot
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Nurchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silvagni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crisponi
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D013455:Sulfur; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium