title: Crosstalk between Myc and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2): Myc prolongs the half-life and induces phosphorylation of ATF2.
abstract: Myc is a key regulator of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, and affects cell fate decisions by activating as well as by inhibiting the expression of cellular genes. Myc is a member of the basic region-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (b-HLH-Zip) class of transcription factors, which heterodimerizes with the Max protein and recognizes a consensus Myc binding motif. Stimulation of gene expression by Myc is thought to be mediated by direct binding of Myc-Max heterodimers to specific target genes. So far, only a few genes have been identified as direct binding targets of Myc, raising the possibility that Myc affects gene expression also by indirect mechanisms. In this work we present evidence that v-Myc encoded by the avian retrovirus MC29 stimulates activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2)-dependent transcription. Analysis of the effect of Myc on ATF2 shows that v-Myc prolongs the half-life of ATF2 and induces the phosphorylation of N-terminal sites of ATF2 (Thr-69 and Thr-71) which have previously been identified as the target sites of stress-activated protein kinases and implicated in the regulation of ATF2 activity. Taken together, our results suggest that v-Myc can affect gene expression indirectly by modulating the activity of ATF2.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miethe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wottrich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wenning
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Klempnauer
mesh_terms: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006207:Half-Life; D009154:Mutation; D016274:Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc) / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; C497107:Atf2 protein, rat; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D016274:Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc); D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors