title: Temporal galeal fascia cover of custom-made gold lid weights for correction of paralytic lagophthalmos: long-term evaluation of an improved technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic paralytic lagophthalmos is a condition that is often conservatively treated with ophthalmic ointments and eye drops, but usually requires definitive surgical correction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  An effective modification of the gold lid loading technique is described, which we have found to be the simplest and most reliable method for lid reanimation.
  
  
  METHODS
  After empiric evaluations with lead fisherman's weights 'glued' to the eyelid, a custom-made gold lid weight is made by a jeweller on the basis of the tarsal dimensions of the individual patient, and then sutured to the tarsus under local anaesthesia and covered with a fine sheet of temporal galea. Other ancillary procedures (lower lid suspension, lateral tarsal strip, lateral tarsoplasty) are added as required.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 1996, 27 patients underwent this type of surgery, of whom 24 were re-evaluated after a mean follow-up period of 73.2 months (range 36-96 months), 14 of these for a minimum of 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the gold weights was extruded, all 24 patients experienced marked improvement of their dry-eye symptoms and expressed a high degree of satisfaction. Six patients underwent further minor surgery (lateral McLaughlin tarsorrhaphy) in order to improve relative underaction. Two patients had ptosis (less than 2 mm of asymmetry) of the affected side but refused further correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of custom-made gold lid weights and a protective galeal layer is a simple, reliable and successful means for permanently rehabilitating paralysed eyelids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Milan, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy. ctremo@tin.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tremolada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raffaini
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: D'Orto
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gianni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biglioli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006047:Gold Alloys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013703:Temporal Muscle; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D006047:Gold Alloys