title: Effects of acetylpromazine or morphine on urine production in halothane-anesthetized dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of preanesthetic administration of acetylpromazine or morphine and fluids on urine production, arginine vasopressin (AVP; previously known as antidiuretic hormone) concentrations, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), plasma osmolality (Osm), PCV, and concentration of total solids (TS) during anesthesia and surgery in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 adult dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentration of AVP, indirect MAP, Osm, PCV, and concentration of TS were measured at 5 time points (before administration of acetylpromazine or morphine, after administration of those drugs, after induction of anesthesia, 1 hour after the start of surgery, and 2 hours after the start of surgery). Urine output and end-tidal halothane concentrations were measured 1 and 2 hours after the start of surgery. All dogs were administered lactated Ringer's solution (20 ml/kg of body weight/h, i.v.) during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with values for acetylpromazine, preoperative administration of morphine resulted in significantly lower urine output during the surgical period. Groups did not differ significantly for AVP concentration, Osm, MAP, and end-tidal halothane concentration; however, PCV and concentration of TS decreased over time in both groups and were lower in dogs given acetylpromazine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preanesthetic administration of morphine resulted in significantly lower urine output, compared with values after administration of acetylpromazine, which cannot be explained by differences in AVP concentration or MAP When urine output is used as a guide for determining rate for i.v. administration of fluids in the perioperative period, the type of preanesthetic agent used must be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University East Lansing 48824-1314, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hauptman
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Nachreiner
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs / Q000652:urine*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D000075:Acepromazine; D009020:Morphine; D006221:Halothane