title: TGF-alpha-driven tumor growth is inhibited by an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
abstract: The simultaneous presence of the EGFR and its ligand TGF-alpha in human tumor tissues suggests that autocrine TGF-alpha stimulation drives tumor growth. Here we show that autocrine TGF-alpha stimulation does cause increased tumor growth in vivo, an effect that was proven to be mediated via EGFR activation, and that this TGF-alpha/EGFR autocrine loop was accessible to an EGFR specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Clones of the EGFR expressing glioma cell line U-1242 MG were transfected with TGF-alpha cDNA using a tetracycline-inhibitory system for gene expression. TGF-alpha expression was inhibited by the presence of tetracycline, and subcutaneous tumors forming from cell lines injected into nude mice could be inhibited by feeding mice tetracycline. We confirmed that TGF-alpha mRNA and protein were present in these tumors and that, subsequently, the endogenous EGFR was activated. Tumor growth could be inhibited by an EGFR specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the type 4-(3-chloroanilino)-6,7-dimethoxy-quinazoline, administered daily by intraperitoneal injection, thereby interrupting the autocrine loop.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Obeid
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hesselager
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Westermark
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nistér
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011799:Quinazolines; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D020032:Tyrphostins; C101044:RTKI cpd; D014443:Tyrosine; D012313:RNA; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D013752:Tetracycline