title: Cathepsin L activity and its inhibitor in human otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined cathepsin L activity, expression of cystatin A, and copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase in human chronic otitis media. The relationships of our findings to clinical findings (e.g., grade of bone destruction) were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective basic and clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Otolaryngology and First Department of Biochemistry, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human middle ear tissues evaluated in this study were surgically obtained from seven patients with cholesteatoma epithelium, three patients with granulation tissues in cholesteatoma, three patients with granulation tissues in noncholesteatoma, and three patients with intact mucous membrane of the middle ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cathepsin L activities in cholesteatoma epithelium, granulation tissues in cholesteatoma, or granulation tissues in noncholesteatoma were measured using Barrett's method. Cystatin A expressions were observed by Western blot analysis. Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase in cholesteatoma was examined immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean cathepsin L activity was higher in diseased tissues than in intact mucous membranes of the middle ear. Granulation tissues with high cathepsin L activity resulted in extensive bone destruction in both cholesteatomas and noncholesteatomas of the middle ear. All cases with intact mucous membrane of the middle ear exhibited no expression of cystatin A. Seven of 10 cases with diseased tissues expressed cystatin A in cholesteatoma epithelium, granulation tissues in cholesteatoma, or granulation tissues in noncholesteatoma. No relationships were found between cystatin A expression and grade of cathepsin L activity. Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase was more strongly positive in cholesteatoma epithelium regions than in granulation tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase in cholesteatoma epithelium prevents complications by suppressing cathepsin L activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiwasa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomura
mesh_terms: D056668:Cathepsin L; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015891:Cystatins / Q000378:metabolism; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000473:pathology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015891:Cystatins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002403:Cathepsins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C534281:CTSL protein, human; D056668:Cathepsin L