title: Three decision-making tasks in cocaine-dependent patients: do they measure the same construct?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Substance-abusing populations perform poorly on decision-making tasks related to delay and risk. These tasks include: (1) the Delay Discounting Procedure (DDP), in which choices are made between smaller-sooner and later-larger rewards, (2) the Gambling Task (GT), in which choices are made between alternatives varying in pay-off and punishment, and (3) the Rogers Decision-Making Task (RDMT) in which subjects choose between higher or lower probability gambles. We examine the interrelationship among these tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  A test battery was created which included the DDP, GT and RDMT, as well as measures of impulsivity, intellectual functioning and drug use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects completed the test battery at an outpatient center, prior to beginning 12 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two treatment-seeking cocaine dependent individuals (primarily African-American males) participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance on the GT was significantly correlated with performance on the DDP (r = 0.37; p = 0.04). Reaction times on the RDMT correlated with performance on the GT (r = 0.36, p = 0.04) and DDP (r = 0.33, p = 0.07), but actual choices on the RDMT did not (p > 0.9 for both). While no significant relationships were observed between task performance and impulsivity, IQ estimate was positively correlated with both the GT (r = 0.44, p = 0.01) and RDMT (r = 0.41, p = 0.021). Split half reliability data indicated higher reliability when using only data from the latter half of the GT (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data offer preliminary evidence of overlap in the decision-making functioning tapped by these tasks. Possible implications for drug-taking behavior are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Addictions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6178, USA. jmont@psych.upenn.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monterosso
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehrman
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Napier
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Childress
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012201:Reward; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014888:Wechsler Scales