title: Complications associated with silicone intracanalicular plugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) member physicians' experiences with complications associated with silicone intracanalicular plugs and publicize risks associated with this device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two case reports are presented. A survey was sent to 420 ASOPRS member physicians, questioning them on their experiences with complications associated with silicone intracanalicular plugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present two case reports of complications associated with migration of intracanalicular plugs. In the first case, a 41-year-old man underwent serial insertion of seven intracanalicular plugs in one eye over several years, he had a 3-month relapsing course of Nocardia asteroides canaliculitis, dacryocystitis, and cellulitis requiring systemic antibiotics and multiple surgeries. In the second case, a 72-year-old woman had acute dacryocystitis, eventually necessitating dacryocystorhinostomy; at surgery, an intracanalicular plug was discovered in the lacrimal sac. One hundred fifty-nine usable survey responses were obtained. Sixty-one percent of respondents reported various complications including tearing, canaliculitis, and dacryocystitis. Fifty-one percent of respondents performed surgery to treat complications associated with silicone intracanalicular plugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silicone intracanalicular plugs may be difficult to remove and may be associated with significant lacrimal complications.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastics Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. jhlee99@msn.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flanagan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers