title: Protective efficacy of a sulfated sialyl lipid (NMSO3) against human rotavirus-induced diarrhea in a mouse model.
abstract: Antiviral activity of sulfated sialyl lipid (NMSO3) against human rotavirus (RV) was examined in vitro and in vivo. NMSO3 inhibited the replication of four major serotypes (G1 to G4) of human rotavirus with a low 50% effective concentration of 1 to 5 microg/ml and 50% cytotoxic concentration of 153 microg/ml when determined by plaque assays with MA104 cells. Exposure of NMSO3 to HCl (pH 2.0) for 30 min exhibited no loss of anti-RV activity. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that NMSO3 inhibited the adsorption of four serotypes of RV to MA104 cells. Furthermore, an assay of virus binding with radiolabeled RVs revealed that NMSO3 inhibited the binding of virus to MA104 cells, suggesting that NMSO3 may bind to VP4 and/or VP7. Prophylactic oral administration of NMSO3 (10 microg three times per day, 4 days) to five suckling mice starting 30 min before inoculation of MO strain (3 x 10(6) PFU/mouse) prevented the development of diarrhea. Four of five mice showed no stool or brown formed stool, and only one mouse showed brown soft stool, while water treatment caused watery diarrhea in all five mice. The mean titer of antibody to RV in mice which received NMSO3 at 10 microg three times per day for 4 days was significantly lower than that of untreated, infected mice. NMSO3 is a promising candidate for the prophylactic treatment of human RVs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. k-tak@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Takusaburo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nakagomi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shigeta
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012703:Serotyping; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C413863:(2,2-bis(docosyloxymethyl)propyl-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-(sodium oxysulfonyl)glycero-alpha-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid)onate; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D008055:Lipids; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid