title: Methylphenidate use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in northern Israel--a controversial issue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its pharmacologic treatment have increased dramatically in the past decade in the United States and Britain. We examined the use of methylphenidate hydrochloride for the treatment of ADHD in children in northern Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated all prescriptions for methylphenidate filled in 1999 for children aged 5-18 years residing in northern Israel who were insured by Clalit Health Services, a health maintenance organization that covers approximately 70% of the population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylphenidate was prescribed to 1.45% of the children in northern Israel in 1999, an increase of 20% in the overall prevalence of methylphenidate use since 1992. Eighty-two percent were boys. The rate of prescription varied widely by type of settlement, from 0.2% in Arab cities and towns to 5.7% in kibbutzim. Primary care physicians wrote 78% of all the prescriptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in methylphenidate use was much smaller in northern Israel than in most other developed regions and countries. More efforts at diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit disorders may need to be directed at Arab populations and those with inadequate medical services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. fogelman@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fogelman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kahan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate