title: Poverty, family process, and the mental health of immigrant children in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the differential effects of poverty on the mental health of foreign-born children, Canadian-born children of immigrant parents, and children of non-immigrant parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data from a national Canadian study of children between 4 and 11 years of age was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with their receiving-society counterparts, foreign-born children were more than twice as likely to live in poor families, but they had lower levels of emotional and behavioral problems. The effect of poverty on children's mental health among long-term immigrant and receiving-society families was indirect and primarily mediated by single-parent status, ineffective parenting, parental depression, and family dysfunction. In comparison, the mental health effect of poverty among foreign-born children could not be explained by the disadvantages that poor families often suffer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poverty may represent a transient and inevitable part of the resettlement process for new immigrant families. For long-stay immigrant and receiving-society families, however, poverty probably is not part of an unfolding process; instead, it is the nadir of a cycle of disadvantage.
authors.affiliation: Culture, Community, and Health Studies Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. morton_beiser@camh.net
authors.forename: Morton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beiser
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Ilene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tousignant
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000208:ethnology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000208:ethnology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology*; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology*; D012044:Regression Analysis