title: Functional distinction between CXC chemokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and growth related oncogene (GRO)alpha in neutrophil infiltration.
abstract: Interleukin-8 (IL-8: CXCL8) and growth related oncogene alpha (GROalpha: CXCL1) are members of the CXC chemokines. In the present study, we explored the functional distinction between these CXC chemokines in the regulation of neutrophil infiltration. Injection of either rabbit IL-8 or GROalpha (10 microg each) into rabbit knee joints resulted in a massive neutrophil infiltration in the joints. At their peak time point (6 hours), the number of neutrophils induced by IL-8 was more than that induced by GROalpha. Each chemokine induced the other chemokine in the joints. TNFalpha activity was induced in the joints after administration of GROalpha, but not IL-8. Treatment with anti-GROalpha mAb and/or anti-TNFalpha mAb failed to inhibit IL-8-induced neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, either anti-IL-8 IgG or anti-TNFalpha mAb decreased GROalpha-induced response, and the inhibition was further enhanced by coadministration of these antibodies. Thus, it appears that IL-8 acts directly, whereas GROalpha acts indirectly, in part, on neutrophil infiltration. The distinct difference in TNFalpha production between IL-8 and GROalpha was further investigated. In vitro, GROalpha induced TNFalpha activity in cultured synovial cells, the cells producing TNFalpha in the joints after GROalpha-injection. However, IL-8 failed to produce TNFalpha activity from the cells, although equivalent levels of the mRNA expression were induced by IL-8 as compared with GROalpha. When recombinant rabbit TNFalpha was incubated with synovial fluids obtained at 2 hours after IL-8 injection, the resultant TNFalpha activity was significantly decreased, an event that was completely restored by a serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF). Furthermore, TNFalpha activity was unveiled in the joints when IL-8 was intra-articularly injected with PMSF. These data suggest that TNFalpha is degraded by serine protease(s) in the case of IL-8. Taken together, the data clearly demonstrate the functional distinction between IL-8 and GROalpha, which may influence the inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan. 981m9054@med.stud.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkawara
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000502:physiology*; D007596:Joints / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha