title: A study of the spousal role of Egyptian women in clerical jobs.
abstract: More women are seeking outside employment worldwide. However, the spousal role with all that it entails remains a significant core for women, particularly in developing countries. How women experience this role when they are also employed in low-income jobs has not been uncovered adequately. One hundred and ninety Egyptian women who are employed in clerical jobs were asked about the satisfaction and the stress they experience in their spousal role. The study's participants described the centrality of their spousal role in their life and discussed how fulfilling the needs and the expectations of their husbands were most significant for them. Their role in creating harmony in the family and the extent to which they were able to succeed in achieving this goal also were cited as the most significant aspects of their spousal relationship. Another satisfying part of their marital life was having children. On the other hand, their husbands' demanding behavior, the way the husbands express their demands, the husbands' abuse, and the participants' constant feeling of el masooliah, or their "sense of overload from responsibilities," were some of the stresses described by the participants. They also perceived a gap in the values that they and their husbands hold. This gap was most constraining to some of the participants. The participants coped by enduring the stress. This begs the question of what societal values keep women in less than satisfying relationships. The findings are discussed within a framework of societal norms and values expectations that reinforce women's commitment and endurance of spousal stress.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Azusa Pacific University, School of Nursing, California, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattar-Pollara
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Meleis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagib
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003906:Developing Countries; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009790:Occupations; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011209:Power, Psychological; D012945:Social Values; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014931:Women, Working / Q000523:psychology*; D016526:Workload