title: Inhibitory potential of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) leaves on dengue virus type-2 replication.
abstract: In the present study we report in vitro and in vivo inhibitory potential of crude aqueous extract of neem leaves and pure neem compound (Azadirachtin) on the replication of Dengue virus type-2. In vitro antiviral activity of aqueous neem leaves extract assessed in C(6/36) (cloned cells of larvae of Aedes albopictus) cells employing virus inhibition assay showed inhibition in dose dependent manner. The aqueous extract of neem leaves at its maximum non-toxic concentration of 1.897 mg/ml completely inhibited 100-10,000 TCID(50) of virus as indicated by the absence of cytopathic effects. The in vivo protection studies with neem leaves extract at its maximum non-toxic concentrations 120-30 mg/ml resulted in inhibition of the virus replication as confirmed by the absence of Dengue related clinical symptoms in suckling mice and absence of virus specific 511 bp amplicon in RT-PCR. The pure neem i.e. Azadirachtin did not reveal any inhibition on Dengue virus type-2 replication in both in vitro and in vivo systems.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474 002, MP, India. paridamm@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jana
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036701:Limonins; D051379:Mice; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005989:Glycerides; D036701:Limonins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013729:Terpenes; D014315:Triterpenes; C002443:neem oil; C010329:azadirachtin