title: Changes in renal resistive index and urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive patients under long-term treatment with lisinopril or nifedipine GITS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased renal vascular resistance and microalbuminuria are associated with hypertensive target organ damage and may be predictors of hypertensive nephrosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated changes in renal resistive index (RI) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in a group of patients with primary hypertension before and during long-term antihypertensive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients were randomized to receive antihypertensive treatment with either a calcium channel blocker (nifedipine GITS, up to 90 mg/day, n = 16) or an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril, up to 20 mg/day, n = 16), alone or in association with a diuretic (chlortalidone, 25 mg/day). Blood pressure, renal resistive index (by US Doppler) and UAE (mean of three nonconsecutive timed urinary collections, microg/min) were evaluated at baseline and over the course of 24 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both regimens effectively lowered blood pressure (mean blood pressure from 123 +/- 1.8 at baseline to 103 +/- 1.5 mm Hg at 24 months in the lisinopril group and from 122 +/- 1.9 at baseline to 104 +/- 0.8 at 24 months in the nifedipine group, p < 0.001 for both groups). Overall, blood pressure decrease was associated with a reduction in UAE and no change in RI throughout the study. However, despite similar blood pressure reduction, the two regimens showed different specific effects. Lisinopril was associated with a significant decrease in both UAE (33.8 +/- 16.2 at baseline and 9.1 +/- 2.1 at 24 months, p < 0.01) and renal RI (0.61 +/- 0.02 at baseline and 0.56 +/- 0.04 at 24 months, p < 0.05) while nifedipine GITS did not significantly influence UAE (35.7 +/- 12.2 at baseline and 31.2 +/- 12.1 at 24 months, n.s.) or RI (0.61 +/- 0.01 at baseline and 0.59 +/- 0.02 at 24 months, n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective blood pressure control over a long period of time reduces the severity of organ damage, namely UAE while maintaining renovascular resistance in patients with essential hypertension. Different classes of antihypertensive agents might convey additional specific renal protection beyond blood pressure control. These data could be useful in devising individualized therapeutic strategies in hypertensive patients at increased renal risk.
authors.affiliation: Di MI, Section of Nephrology, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leoncini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinoli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viazzi
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parodi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ratto
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vettoretti
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomolillo
authors.forename: Lorenzo E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Derchi
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deferrari
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pontremoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017706:Lisinopril; D009543:Nifedipine