title: p53 mutation analysis for definite diagnosis of multiple primary lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The detection of a second tumor in patients with lung carcinoma raises the question whether this lesion is a metastasis or a second primary lung carcinoma. Patients cannot always be categorized satisfactorily according the criteria of multiple lung carcinoma proposed by Martini and Melamed. This may result in an inadequate treatment schedule in individual patients. Because p53 mutations can be used as clonal marker, the authors investigated whether p53 mutation analysis can differentiate between primary lung carcinomas and metastatic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four tumors in 31 patients with synchronous and metachronous lung tumors were investigated by p53 mutation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 21 patients, the tumors showed different p53 mutations, and therefore a definite diagnosis of multiple primary lung carcinoma was made. One of these patients did not meet the criteria of Martini and Melamed. In two other patients not matching these criteria, identical mutations were demonstrated in both tumors, indicating the presence of metastatic disease. In eight patients, analysis was not conclusive or possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p53 mutation analysis can be a useful tool to confirm or rule out multiple primary lung carcinoma, and the results confirm the criteria of Martini and Melamed. However, in patients not meeting these criteria, the diagnosis of multiple lung carcinoma still has to be considered, and metastatic disease has to be ruled out. P53 mutation analysis can be helpful for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel Th M
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: van Rens
authors.forename: Erik J E
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Eijken
authors.forename: Johannes R J
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Elbers
authors.forename: Jan-W J
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: Marcel G J
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tilanus
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Slootweg
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D009154:Mutation; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm