title: Strain persistence of invasive Candida albicans in chronic hyperplastic candidosis that underwent malignant change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess persistence and tissue invasion of Candida albicans strains isolated from a 65 year-old patient with chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC), that subsequently developed into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  C. albicans (n=7) were recovered from the oral cavity of the patient over seven years. Confirmation of CHC and SCC in this patient was achieved by histopathological examination of incisional biopsy tissue. DNA fingerprinting was performed on the seven isolates from the CHC patient together with a further eight isolates from patients with normal oral mucosa (n=2), chronic atrophic candidosis (n=1), SCC (n=1) and CHC (n=4). Genotyping involved the use of inter-repeat PCR using the eukaryotic repeat primer 1251. Characterisation of the tissue invasive abilities of the isolates was achieved by infecting a commercially available reconstituted human oral epithelium (RHE; SkinEthic, Nice, France). After 24 h, C. albicans tissue invasion was assessed by histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA fingerprinting demonstrated strain persistence of C. albicans in the CHC patient over a seven year period despite provision of systemic antifungal therapy. The strain of C. albicans isolated from this patient was categorised as a high invader within the RHE compared to other isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Candidal strain persistence was evident in a patient with CHC over seven years. This persistence may be due to incomplete eradication from the oral cavity following antifungal therapy or subsequent recolonisation from other body sites or separate exogenous sources. The demonstration of enhanced in vitro tissue invasion by this particular strain may, in part, explain the progression to carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom. williamsDD@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bartie
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fardy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal