title: ERCP, biliary crystal analysis, and sphincter of Oddi manometry in idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the role of ERCP, analysis of bile for microcrystals, and sphincter of Oddi manometry in idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-six patients met criteria for idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis. Patients with a normal ERCP underwent sphincter of Oddi manometry and analysis of bile. Bile was also collected in patients with papillary stenosis (defined as ductal dilation with delayed drainage of contrast, sphincter basal pressures greater than 40 mm Hg, and positive analysis for cholesterol and/or calcium bilirubinate crystals).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERCP alone identified a cause of idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis in 47 (37%) patients: papillary stenosis in 26 (21%), pancreas divisum in 9 (7%), and choledocholithiasis in 6 (5%). Among patients with a gallbladder, microcrystals were found in 27 (50%) and sphincter dysfunction in 17 (31%). Among patients who have undergone cholecystectomy, sphincter dysfunction was identified in 24 (47%). Minor papilla sphincterotomy was performed in 8 patients (89%) with pancreas divisum. Biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 85 patients and included all patients with choledocholithiasis, choledochocele, microcrystals, papillary stenosis, and sphincter dysfunction except 2 patients with microcrystals who underwent cholecystectomy. Additionally, pancreatic sphincterotomy was performed in 32 (78%) patients with pancreatic sphincter hypertension and in 6 (23%) of 26 patients with papillary stenosis with dilated pancreatic ducts. Thus, among the 126 patients, 93 of the 100 patients with a detected abnormality underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy. Response rates varied from 67% to 100% during follow-up (mean 29.6 months, range 18 to 33 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERCP techniques including minor papilla cannulation, analysis of bile for microcrystals, and sphincter of Oddi manometry identified a cause of idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis in 79% (endoscopically treatable in 75%) of patients, with or without prior cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Madhukar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaw
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brodmerkel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis*; D003460:Crystallization; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000002:abnormalities; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D001663:Bilirubin