title: Deep brain stimulation of both subthalamic nucleus and internal globus pallidus restores intracortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease paralleling apomorphine effects: a paired magnetic stimulation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal globus pallidus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on intracortical inhibition (ICI) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The activity of intracortical inhibitory circuits was studied in 4 PD patients implanted with stimulating electrodes both in STN and GPi by means of paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, delivered in a conditioning-test design at short (1-6 ms) interstimulus intervals (ISI). The effect of apomorphine on the same PD patients was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that implanted PD patients showed a significant increase in ICI during either bilateral STN or GPi DBS at 3 ms ISI, and during bilateral STN DBS at 2 ms ISI in comparison to their off DBS condition. The same statistical improvement was observed during apomorphine infusion at 3 and 2 ms ISI. In each condition, the electrophysiological changes were associated with a significant clinical improvement as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with the hypothesis that basal ganglia DBS can mimic the effects of pharmacological dopaminergic therapy on PD patients cortical activity. We propose that in PD patients, the basal ganglia DBS-induced improvement of ICI may be related to a recovery in modulation of thalamo-cortical motor pathway.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Neurofisiopatologia, Policlinico di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierantozzi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marciani
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peppe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanzione
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020530:Subthalamus / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D001058:Apomorphine