title: An economic analysis of amiodarone versus placebo for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the additional costs of oral amiodarone in patients undergoing open heart surgery would be offset by reductions in the frequency of atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Piggyback cost analysis of the data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty elderly patients (> or = 60 yrs old) undergoing open heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital costs of open heart surgery in patients given amiodarone for the prevention of atrial fibrillation and in prespecified subgroups were compared with those for patients given placebo (i.e., standard care with beta-blockers alone).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total hospital costs incurred were $15,565 +/- $9832 and $16,126 +/- $8043 in the amiodarone and placebo groups, respectively (p=0.12). General ward, intensive care unit, operating room, pharmacy, and costs in all other departments were similar between the groups (p>0.05 for all comparisons). Because costs were similar but amiodarone was more effective than placebo, amiodarone was cost-effective compared with placebo. Amiodarone remained cost-effective compared with placebo regardless of the following subgroup characteristics: rapid or slow loading strategy, no history of atrial fibrillation or heart failure, age older than 70 years, and no tolerance to preoperative beta-blockers. Moreover, in the one-way sensitivity analysis, the findings remained robust to changes in effectiveness and cost of amiodarone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine prophylaxis with amiodarone is cost-effective compared with placebo. Future studies should examine the cost-effectiveness of selective prophylaxis, and primary cost-effectiveness studies should be conducted to validate these findings.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
authors.forename: Prabashni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Alisha B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tsikouris
authors.forename: Satyendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone