title: A randomised study of prophylactic G-CSF following MRC UKALL XI intensification regimen in childhood ALL and T-NHL.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the current widespread use of prophylactic G-CSF in children with solid tumours and leukaemia, its effectiveness has not been clearly demonstrated. This randomised study evaluates the role of G-CSF given after a 5-day intensification block in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six children with ALL or T-Cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) treated on MRC ALL 97, UKALL XI or UKCCSG 9504 NHL protocols were randomised to receive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor following either the first or the second block of intensive chemotherapy in a cross-over study to determine if the prophylactic administration of G-CSF could reduce the rate of readmission to hospital for management of febrile neutropenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of hospital admission in the group receiving prophylaxis, with 34 of 46 being admitted, compared to 42 of 46 patients in the control arm (74 vs. 91%; P=0.0386). There were no differences found in duration of hospital admission, haematological toxicity, neutrophil recovery or duration of supportive care between the two groups. There was no demonstrable cost benefit derived from the prophylactic administration of G-CSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the prophylactic administration of G-CSF following intensification chemotherapy for childhood ALL and T-NHL produces a significant reduction in the rate of readmission to hospital for the management of febrile neutropenia.
authors.affiliation: Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morland
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hole
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Easlea
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069585:Filgrastim