title: Tobacco smoke in the development and therapy of periodontal disease: progress and questions.
abstract: In recent years, epidemiological studies have pointed to a significant correlation between cigarette smoke and poor periodontal status. Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for the onset and development of periodontal disease, and an association between reduced healing response subsequent to periodontal therapies and cigarette smoking has been found. The epidemiological studies reported here are also supported by the results of an in vitro study on the cytotoxicity of two of the volatile components of cigarette smoke that we ourselves conducted, in which the investigated compounds were found to damage human gingival fibroblasts. We concluded that this damage would be reflected in periodontal health and could slow down wound healing. Patients should thus be alerted by clinicians to the risks smoking poses to oral and dental health.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche, Eidologiche e Cliniche, Sez. Anatomia Umana normale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italia.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poggi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baratta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boratto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tazzi
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects; D000171:Acrolein / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D000171:Acrolein; D000079:Acetaldehyde