title: Hemodynamics and wall mechanics of a compliance matching stent: in vitro and in vivo analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence is emerging that the abrupt compliance mismatch that exists at the junction between the stent ends and the host arterial wall disturbs both the vascular hemodynamics and the natural wall stress distribution. These stent-induced alterations are greatly reduced by smoothing the compliance mismatch between the stent and host vessel. A stent that provides this smooth transition in compliance, the compliance matching stent (CMS), has been developed. This study attempts to evaluate the hemodynamics and wall mechanical consequences of the CMS both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finite element analysis was used to assess the solid mechanical behavior (compliance and stress) of the CMS in a stent/artery hybrid structure. A similar analysis was performed with a Palmaz stent. In vivo hemodynamics and wall mechanical changes induced by the CMS were investigated in a swine model from direct measurements of flow, pressure, diameter, and histology in the stented segment of superficial femoral arteries after 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Finite element analysis showed that the abrupt compliance mismatch was substantially smoothed between the vessel portions with and without the stent with CMS segments. Circumferential stress was also markedly reduced with the CMS compared to other stent. The in vivo results showed that the CMS was efficient in compliance matching and did not dampen flow or pressure waves downstream the stent. Concurrent histology showed limited thrombus and inflammatory cell accumulation around the stent struts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the stent/artery hybrid structure can be compliance matched with proper stent design and that this structure limits solid mechanical stress and hemodynamic disturbances. It remains to be seen whether compliance-matched vascular stents reduce in-stent restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. jberry@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manoach
authors.forename: Choukri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mekkaoui
authors.forename: Pierre H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rachev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine