title: Is the percentage of stenosis of the internal carotid artery a reliable measure of the risk of ischemic stroke? A morphometric study by duplex ultrasound of aortic arch branches in 500 normal adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The percentage of stenosis has been considered for the last 20 years, and still continues to be, the main criterion of choice between a surgical and a medical treatment of the atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic arch branches, particularly as regards the internal carotid artery. On the other side, it has been demonstrated that the risk of adverse acute cerebrovascular events, besides being related to the characteristics of the plaque, such as softness, subintimal haemorrhage or surface ulcer, is strictly related to the actual residual lumen of the internal carotid artery. The pre-eminent role of the percentage of stenosis in the choice of the treatment, hence, presumes a narrow range of variation of the original calibre of the vessel, yet to be proven.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-hundred normal adults underwent the measurement of the internal calibre of the aortic arch branches by duplex ultrasound in order to find out their actual range of variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range of variation of the internal calibre of the aortic arch branches, expressed as the ratio between the maximum and the minimum value found for each vessel, was very wide in all cases (from 180% for the right common carotid artery to 340% for the right vertebral artery). With reference to the internal carotid arteries, the range of variation was 219% for the right internal carotid artery and 241% for the left internal carotid arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the wide range of variation of the original calibre of the aortic arch branches, the percentage of stenosis alone cannot be considered an accurate measure of the severity of the stenosis, and hence a reliable criterion of choice of the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: R Molino
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lova
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miniati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulisano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pratesi
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex