title: Serotonin syndrome caused by selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors-metoclopramide interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report 2 cases of serotonin syndrome with serious extrapyramidal movement disorders occurring when metoclopramide was coadministered with sertraline or venlafaxine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 72-year-old white woman was treated with sertraline for depression for 18 months and was then admitted to the hospital with a fractured tibia. She was administered metoclopramide because of nausea and, within 2 hours, developed agitation, dysarthria, diaphoresis, and a movement disorder. These symptoms recurred following 2 subsequent administrations of metoclopramide. Treatment with diazepam led to resolution of symptoms within 6 hours, and there was no recurrence at 6 weeks' follow-up. A 32-year-old white woman with major depression was treated with venlafaxine for 3 years. She was admitted following a fall and, after being given metoclopramide, developed movement disorder and a period of unresponsiveness. After a second dose of metoclopramide, these symptoms recurred and were associated with confusion, agitation, fever, diaphoresis, tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypertension. She improved with administration of diazepam, but needed repetition of this treatment over the next 16 hours. Symptoms resolved within 2 days, and she continued venlafaxine with no further adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both cases met Stembach's criteria for serotonin syndrome and had serious extrapyramidal movement disorders. The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms for the adverse reactions include a single-drug effect, a pharmacodynamic interaction, and a pharmacokinetic interaction. We believe that a pharmacodynamic interaction is most likely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should be aware of a risk of serotonin syndrome with serious extrapyramidal reactions in patients receiving sertraline or venlafaxine when metoclopramide is coadministered even in a single, conventional dose.
authors.affiliation: Canberra Hospital, PO Box 11, Woden ACT 2606, Australia.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020230:Serotonin Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000009:adverse effects; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000150:complications; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D008787:Metoclopramide; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride