title: The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices.
abstract: The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices were compared. Engaging in these activities reduced tense arousal and increased energetic arousal, positive hedonic tone and heart rate. Effects were greater for swimming than for singing, with little difference between choral and solo singing. Possible mechanisms and the implications for mental well-being are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evans