title: Dopamine system genes not linked to social phobia.
abstract: Social phobia, particularly in its generalized form, has a genetic component in its etiology as suggested by positive twin studies and child temperament studies of social anxiety. Observations from functional imaging research suggest that dopamine function may be abnormal in the brains of patients with social phobia. Our investigation examined polymorphisms in the dopamine D2, D3 and D4 receptor genes, plus the dopamine transporter gene in a sample consisting of 17 multiplex social phobia families. We employed both parametric and non-parametric methods to test for linkage. Linkage was excluded for all loci under the broad diagnostic category. In the medium diagnostic category, the D3 receptor gene showed non-significant positive LOD scores (LOD = 0.62). We are able to clearly exclude a major effect for each of the four dopamine gene markers under the broad diagnosis of social phobia. Additional studies of dopamine system genes will be necessary to define clearly their role in social phobia.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Section, Clarke Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. james-kennedy@camh.net
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neves-Pereira
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lizak
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Basile
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chartier
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005190:Family; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
chemical_list: C493593:DRD3 protein, human; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D004298:Dopamine