title: Quality of life studies and genito-urinary tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genitourinary (GU) tumors represent a large proportion of solid cancers (1 of 4) and a wide variety of natural histories, based on various prognostic factors and resulting in different treatment options and end points. In some cases, for the same stage of disease, different treatment strategies do not impact differently on overall survival (OS): surgery vs. radiation, or radical vs. conservative multidisciplinary approach, adjuvant or neoadjuvant, chemotherapy vs. BSC. Quality of life (QoL) is considered a reasonable end point when differences in OS do not seem to be striking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature on different disease stages was undertaken to show where and when QoL was used as the end point of treatment efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very few studies have been performed in prostate, bladder and testicular cancer to show the impact of different treatment approaches on QoL. Although these studies might be considered as non-conclusive, some data may allow a better choice for the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QoL as the principal end point has not been used in clinical trials of GU tumors comparing different treatment approaches. This makes the choice between treatments offering similar survival but different toxicity patterns, body and behavioral consequences more difficult. We suggest that future prospective randomized studies should be planned taking into account the QoL as the main end point.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Division, Le Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bertetto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bracarda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamburini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cortesi
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000628:therapy; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy