title: Transplantation of human hepatocytes into tolerized genetically immunocompetent rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tolerance towards human hepatocytes was established by injection of primary human hepatocytes or Huh7 human hepatoma cells into the peritoneal cavities of fetal rats. Corresponding cells were subsequently transplanted into newborn rats via intrasplenic injection within 24h after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mixed lymphocyte assays showed that spleen cells from non-tolerized rats were stimulated to proliferate when exposed to human hepatocytes, while cells from tolerized rats were not. Injections made between 15 d and 17 d of gestation produced optimal tolerization. Transplanted human hepatocytes in rat livers were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of human albumin. By dot blotting of genomic DNA in livers of tolerized rats 16 weeks after hepatocyte transplantation, it was found that approximately 2.5 X 10(5) human hepatocytes survived per rat liver. Human albumin mRNA was detected in rat livers by RT-PCR for 15 wk, and human albumin protein was also detectable in rat serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolerization of an immuno-competent rat can permit transplantation, and survival of functional human hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Rm.AM-045, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Promrat
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed / Q000637:transplantation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018197:Hepatoblastoma; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics*; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D012333:RNA, Messenger