title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta is up-regulated during vascular lesion formation and promotes post-confluent cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta is widely expressed in many tissues, the role of PPARdelta is poorly understood. In this study, we report that PPARdelta was up-regulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) during vascular lesion formation. By using Northern blot analysis, we demonstrated that PPARdelta was increased by 3-4-fold in VSMC treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (20 ng/ml). In addition, PDGF-induced PPARdelta mRNA expression neither needs de novo protein synthesis nor affects the stability of PPARdelta mRNA in VSMC. Preincubation of VSMC with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002, 50 micromol/liter) or infection of VSMC with an adenovirus carrying the gene for a dominant negative form of Akt abrogated PDGF-induced PPARdelta mRNA expression, suggesting that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of PDGF-induced PPARdelta mRNA expression in VSMC. To explore the role of PPARdelta in VSMC, we generated rat vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) stably overexpressing PPARdelta and the control green fluorescent protein. Overexpression of PPARdelta in VSMC increased post-confluent cell proliferation by increasing the cyclin A and CDK2 as well as decreasing p57(kip2). Taken together, the results suggest that PPARdelta plays an important role in the pathology of diseases associated with VSMC proliferation, such as primary atherosclerosis and restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310.
authors.forename: Jifeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mingui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yongshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mou
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Mukaila A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Akinbami
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuqing E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one