title: Acute rhabdomyolysis following administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide: case report.
abstract: Rhabdomyolysis is an unusual complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Cyclophosphamide has been one of the key drugs in the most common preparative regimen for HSCT. We present here a rare case of acute rhabdomyolysis following administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide. A 47-year-old woman with adult T-cell leukemia in remission was treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Nineteen hours later, general convulsions and acidosis suddenly occurred. Levels of serum creatine kinase (skeletal muscle type), myoglobin, and aldolase were markedly elevated to 32870 IU/l, 640 ng/ml, and 240.3 IU/l, respectively. Rhabdomyolysis caused by high-dose cyclophosphamide was diagnosed, and the preparative chemotherapy was discontinued. Subsequently, her muscular signs and symptoms improved, and the results of laboratory examinations returned to normal after 2 weeks. She had previously been treated with conventional doses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone without evidence of rhabdomyolysis. Acute rhabdomyolysis may be an adverse effect specific to high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Hematology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamae
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takubo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015458:Leukemia, T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide