title: Effects of inspired hypoxic and hypercapnic gas mixtures on cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates with univentricular heart defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neonates with functional single ventricle often require hypoxic or hypercapnic inspired gas mixtures to reduce pulmonary overcirculation and improve systemic perfusion. Although the impact of these treatments on arterial oxygen saturation has been described, the effects on cerebral oxygenation remain uncertain. This study examined the effect of these treatments on cerebral oxygen saturation and systemic hemodynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonates with single ventricle mechanically ventilated with room air were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial of 17% inspired oxygen or 3% inspired carbon dioxide. Each treatment lasted 10 min, followed by a 10-20-min washout period. Cerebral and arterial oxygen saturation were measured by cerebral and pulse oximetry, respectively. Cerebral oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen saturation, and other physiologic data were continuously recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three percent inspired carbon dioxide increased cerebral oxygen saturation (56 +/- 13 to 68 +/- 13%; P < 0.01), whereas 17% inspired oxygen had no effect (53 +/- 13 to 53 +/- 14%; P = 0.8). Three percent inspired carbon dioxide increased the mean arterial pressure (45 +/- 8 to 50 +/- 9 mmHg; P < 0.01), whereas 17% inspired oxygen had no effect. And 3% inspired carbon dioxide decreased arterial pH and increased arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inspired 3% carbon dioxide improved cerebral oxygenation and mean arterial pressure. Treatment with 17% inspired oxygen had no effect on either.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. chandrar@leland.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramamoorthy
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabbutt
authors.forename: C Dean
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Steven
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durning
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wernovsky
authors.forename: J William
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Spray
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nicolson
mesh_terms: D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000097:blood; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen