title: Regulation of BMP-7 expression by retinoic acid and prostaglandin E(2).
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) gene superfamily of growth and differentiation factors. Members of the BMP family were originally cloned and characterized by their ability to induce ectopic bone formation. Of the various BMPs cloned, the bone inductive ability of BMP-7 (OP-1) and BMP-2 has been well characterized. Both BMP-7 and -2 have been shown to have clinical utility in the healing of non-union fractures. However, in spite of the various advances in BMP research, the physiological regulation of BMPs is not well understood. Here we studied the expression of BMP-7 by cloning a 4.6-kB fragment of the human BMP-7 promoter (hBMP-7p) and placing it upstream of a luciferase reporter. The promoter reporter construct was stably transfected into different cell backgrounds and its regulation by various factors was investigated. We show that retinoic acid (RA) treatment results in an upregulation of the hBMP-7p reporter activity. This regulation of the hBMP-7p was further confirmed by Northern blot, PCR, and Western blot analyses, which showed an increase in both BMP-7 mRNA and protein expression upon treatment with RA. We further show that RA specifically upregulates expression of osteocalcin via activation of BMP-7 mRNA and protein in vitro. Similarly, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) treatment increases BMP-7 mRNA and protein levels, but does not transcriptionally activate the hBMP-7p. Additionally, in vivo expression of BMP-7 in bone was increased upon PGE(2) treatment. In conclusion, RA and PGE(2) upregulate BMP-7 protein expression both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA. Vishwas_M_Paralkar@groton.pfizer.com
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Paralkar
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Grasser
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mansolf
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinovic
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borovecki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vukicevic
authors.forename: H Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D015232:Dinoprostone