Redox control of EBV infection: prevention by thiol-dependent modulation of functional CD21/EBV receptor expression.
CD21 serves as a receptor for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, surface expression of CD21 on B and T cells was shown to be suppressed by a thiol-antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, expression of other surface markers, CD25 and CD4 for T cells and CD19 and surface IgM for B cells, was not affected by NAC. When an EBV-negative B-cell line B104 was treated with NAC, the cells were not susceptible to infection with B95-8-derived EBV. The effect of NAC was shown to be irrelevant to the transcriptional levels of CD21 mRNA and the intracellular glutathione levels. Immunoprecipitation study revealed that NAC causes a loss of anti-CD21 monoclonal antibody (HB5) binding to both membrane and soluble CD21, suggesting that NAC modulates the structure of CD21. Other thiol-antioxidants, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and glutathione, showed similar effect to NAC on CD21 expression. These results suggest the possible modulation of EBV infection via thiol-dependent redox control of CD21, and thiol-antioxidants may be good candidates for controlling EBV infection.
Nishinaka
Y
Y
Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Japan.
Nakamura
H
H
Okada
N
N
Okada
H
H
Yodoi
J
J
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008623:Mercaptoethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins
D000975:Antioxidants; D015704:CD4 Antigens; C402641:EBNA-2 protein, Human herpesvirus 4; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014764:Viral Proteins; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine