title: Impact of sanctions on the population of Iraq.
abstract: In this article the impact of sanctions on the Iraqi people is reviewed. The health services and situation in Iraq before sanctions were imposed in 1990 are described indicating their adequacy. The adverse effect of the sanctions on the health services and on health indicators are outlined, as evidenced by, among others, the increased malnutrition among children, increased infant and under-5 mortality rates and the increase in foodborne and waterborne diseases. The situation in Iraq illustrates the devastating effects of sanctions on people, particularly children, adolescents, women and the elderly, and highlights the need for more balanced and comprehensive humanitarian programmes.
authors.affiliation: WHO Representative, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Popal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000533:Altruism; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006296:Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007391:International Cooperation; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011057:Politics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012066:Relief Work; D014871:Water Microbiology