title: Multiple congenital contractures: birth prevalence, etiology, and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to estimate the birth prevalence of multiple congenital contractures (MCC), determine the cause of the MCC according to the primary level of involvement of the developing motor system, and compare the different groups in terms of inheritance, mortality, and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective epidemiologic study through the screening of registers, reviews of medical records, and clinical re-examinations was performed in western Sweden to identify all the children with MCC born between 1979 and 1994.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The birth prevalence of MCC on the basis of 68 cases was 1 in 5100 live births. The majority of cases with cerebral involvement (n = 23), spinal involvement (n = 16), or mechanical restriction (n = 3) were sporadic, whereas most cases with neuromuscular (n = 12) or connective tissue involvement (n = 9) were inherited. The cerebral group was more severely affected compared with the other groups in terms of mortality, joint contractures at birth, feeding difficulties during infancy, and independent walking at follow-up. In 8 cases with myopathy, the joint contractures were normalized on follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A search for a specific etiology in each case is important for genetic counseling, prognosis, and therapy because inheritance, mortality, and morbidity differ between the groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Regional Child Rehabilitation, Göteborg University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Darin
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kimber
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kroksmark
authors.forename: Már
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tulinius
mesh_terms: D003286:Contracture / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies