title: Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.
abstract: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP) exhibit anticariogenic potential in laboratory, animal, and human in situ experiments. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of CPP-ACP in sugar-free chewing gum to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in a human in situ model. Thirty subjects in randomized, cross-over, double-blind studies wore removable palatal appliances with six human-enamel half-slabs inset containing sub-surface demineralized lesions. The appliances were inserted immediately before gum-chewing for 20 min and then retained for another 20 min. This was performed four times per day for 14 days. At the completion of each treatment, the enamel half-slabs were paired with their respective demineralized control half-slabs, embedded, sectioned, and subjected to microradiography and densitometric image analysis, for measurement of the level of remineralization. The addition of CPP-ACP to either sorbitol- or xylitol-based gum resulted in a dose-related increase in enamel remineralization, with 0.19, 10.0, 18.8, and 56.4 mg of CPP-ACP producing an increase in enamel remineralization of 9, 63, 102, and 152%, respectively, relative to the control gum, independent of gum weight or type.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002638:Chewing Gum; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003720:Densitometry; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D002638:Chewing Gum; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C412562:caseinophosphopeptide 1-25; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous