title: [Modes of death in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the prevalence of different modes of death and to identify therapeutic limitations in patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at a teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was carried out. Information was collected from the medical records of patients who died at the PICU of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre between July 1st, 1996 and June 30th, 1997. Four modes of death were considered: patient not responding to cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods (NRCPR), brain death (BD), withdrawal / withhold life-support measures (W/WLS) and decision not to resuscitate (DNR). For cause of death we employed the criterion of organ failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 61 deaths occurred during the period under analysis, 44 patients were included in the study. Patient age median was 28 months. The cause of death for all patients was multiple organ failure. Twenty-six patients (59%) were classified in group I (NRCPR and BD) and 18 (41%) in group II (W/WLS and DNR). Among patients of group II, 83% had a chronic and/or debilitating disease (p = 0.017; chi(2)). The prevalent reason for patient admission was the need for organ support (55%), both respiratory and cardiovascular. The median for duration of patient stay at the PICU was 5 days and at the hospital was 11 days. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of reason for patient admission or duration of PICU/hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high prevalence of W/WLS and DNR deaths among ICU patients, thus suggesting therapeutic limitation for them. We were unable to evaluate the level of participation by the medical team and by the family in this decision making process.
authors.affiliation: UTI Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, RS. carvalho@conex.com.br
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lago
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001926:Brain Death; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D028761:Withholding Treatment