title: Socio-economic determinants of selected dietary indicators in British pre-school children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the proportion of pre-school children meeting reference nutrient intakes (RNIs) and recommendations for daily intakes of iron, zinc, vitamins C and A, and energy from non-milk extrinsic sugars. To assess whether meeting these five dietary requirements was related to a series of socio-economic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data on daily consumption of foods and drinks from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of children aged 1.5-4.5 years based on 4-day weighed intakes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand six hundred and seventy-five British pre-school children aged 1.5-4.5 years in 1993.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1% of children met all five RNIs/recommendations examined; 76% met only two or fewer. Very few children met the recommendations for intakes of zinc (aged over four years) and non-milk extrinsic sugars (all ages). The number of RNIs/recommendations met was related to measures of socio-economic class. Children from families in Scotland and the North of England, who had a manual head of household and whose mothers had fewest qualifications, met the least number of RNIs/recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very few pre-school children have diets that meet all the RNIs and recommendations for iron, zinc, vitamins C and A, and energy from non-milk extrinsic sugars. Dietary adequacy with respect to these five parameters is related to socio-economic factors. The findings emphasise the need for a range of public health policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London Medical School, UK. r.watt@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheiham
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007501:Iron / Q000502:physiology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000502:physiology; D015032:Zinc / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid