title: Neurological outcome of patients with ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) deficiency is the commonest of the inherited urea cycle disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long term neurological and cognitive outcome of continuously treated surviving patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty eight surviving children (five boys) with OCT deficiency who had been treated continuously with a low protein diet and alternative pathway therapy were identified. Those aged 5-16 years had a detailed neurological examination and psychometric testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four presented in the neonatal period and four were treated prospectively following antenatal diagnosis. Median (range) age at diagnosis for the later onset group was 19 (2-144) months; median time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 10 (2-48) months. Nine children had had less than three episodes of hyperammonaemic encephalopathy, the others more. Seven had focal abnormalities on neurological examination; 14 had global cognitive impairment; four had a normal IQ but specific learning difficulties. Sixteen underwent neuroimaging which was normal in three, showed focal abnormalities of the cerebral hemispheres in six, and global cerebral atrophy in seven.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eighteen of 28 surviving children with OCT deficiency had disabling neurological complications. Plasma ammonia at diagnosis was the only factor that predicted this outcome. While most neurological complications could be attributed to hyperammonaemic encephalopathy, other mechanisms may also contribute to the neurological abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Neurodisability Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, The Wolfson Centre, Mecklenburgh Square, London WC1N 2AP, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liebsch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Surtees
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D016011:Normal Distribution; D020163:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D011594:Psychometrics; D016019:Survival Analysis