title: Th2/Th1 switch induced by a single low dose of cyclophosphamide in a rat metastatic lymphoma model.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide (Cy) is an alkylating agent widely used in cancer chemotherapy. It has a bimodal effect on the immune system, depending on the dose and schedule of administration. We have previously demonstrated that a single low dose of Cy has an antimetastatic effect, achieved through immunomodulation, in lymphoma bearing rats. Such a treatment reduced the splenic production of IL-10, TGF-beta, and NO, restoring the lymphoproliferative capacity. A shift from immunosuppression to immunopotentiation induced by low-dose Cy treatment was mainly mediated by a decrease in IL-10 production. The present study focused on the analysis of the modulation of type-1 cytokine levels by treatment with a single low dose of Cy and the effect these cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and IL-10 have on primary tumor and metastatic cell growth. Our results suggest that a single low dose of Cy induces a Th2/Th1 shift in the cytokine profile of lymphoma-bearing rats, which may be responsible for its antimetastatic effect. A direct action of IL-10 as a growth factor and IFN-gamma as a cytotoxic factor on metastatic cells is also shown.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, (2000) Rosario, Argentina.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matar
authors.forename: Viviana R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Rozados
authors.forename: Silvia I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Gervasoni
authors.forename: Graciela O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Scharovsky
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003520:Cyclophosphamide