title: Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis by (2S,3S,4R)-N"-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine, a benzopyran analog, in endothelial cells.
abstract: This study describes the antiapoptotic action of (2S,3S,4R)-N"-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine (KR-31378), a novel benzopyran analog, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in comparison with its acetylated metabolite, (2S,3S,4R)-N"-cyano-N-(6-acetylamino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine (KR-31612), and with alpha-tocopherol. Exposure of HUVECs to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 microg/ml) induced time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. KR-31378, KR-31612, and alpha-tocopherol potently suppressed LPS-induced cell death in association with significant reduction in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) that are stimulated by LPS. KR-31378 more effectively protected HUVECs from LPS-induced DNA fragmentation and was more effective in peroxyl radical scavenging than alpha-tocopherol. Incubation with LPS markedly decreased the Bcl-2 level, which was totally reversed by KR-31378 and to a lesser degree by KR-31612 and by alpha-tocopherol. In contrast, the greatly increased Bax protein and cytochrome c release stimulated by LPS were markedly suppressed by KR-31378 and by KR-31612, and to a lesser degree by alpha-tocopherol. Taken together, KR-31378 strongly inhibited cell death in HUVECs in association with antiapoptotic effects, which were accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression and down-regulation of Bax protein and suppression of cytochrome c release. KR-31378 also showed the properties to scavenge the intracellular ROS and peroxyl radicals, and to reduce the TNF-alpha production induced by LPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byeong Gee
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun-Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Yong-Geun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Soo-Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Ki Whan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol