title: Human teeth exposed to argon laser irradiation: determination of power-time-temperature working conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to establish the operating parameters of the argon laser without thermal damage to the pulp tissue for clinical applications.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have mainly compared the temperature modifications of the pulp chamber in a very limited situation, where a complete view of the thermal history cannot be obtained nor even extrapolated to new applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used samples of molar and premolar tooth where a class V cavity was prepared and illuminated with an argon laser at different power levels, fixing the exposition area for all cases. Situations including open cavity and teeth restoration were analyzed. High-precision thermistors were placed in four different positions, one of which was inside the pulp chamber. The temperature evolution was monitored continuously by an interfaced computer during all laser exposure. Special attention was paid to the intrapulpal temperature variation because it is considered the most vulnerable thermal region. The temperature time evolution allowed the determination of the operating conditions (power-time-temperature variation) in which the use of the argon laser causes no pulpal damage. As a function of temperature variation, we divided the whole parameter space (power-time-temperature) into zones and the optimum zone of operation was determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We created a diagram called power-time-temperature (PTT) where zones of temperature increased under laser irradiation allow the verification of which condition is safe for clinical laser application. The results have a broad use when this type of analysis is applicable.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. cristina@if.sc.usp.br
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Eduardo
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bagnato
mesh_terms: D001128:Argon / Q000009:adverse effects; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014070:Tooth / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D001128:Argon