title: Preserved CO(2) reactivity and increase in middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity during laparoscopic surgery in children.
abstract: In adult patients, the creation of pneumoperitoneum (PP) by means of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) insufflation leads to an increase in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), which is thought to be caused by hypercapnia. We evaluated whether PP leads to an increase of CBFV in children, and whether this increase is directly related to PP. The effects of PP on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity were investigated in 12 children (mean age 3 yr, range 15-63 mo) undergoing laparoscopic herniorrhaphy under general anesthesia with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide/oxygen. CBFV was measured by using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. During CO(2) insufflation, the end-tidal CO(2) concentration was kept constant by adjustment of ventilation by increasing minute volume. The CBFV increased significantly at an intraabdominal pressure of 12 mm Hg compared with baseline from 68 +/- 11 cm/s to 81 +/- 12 cm/s (P < 0.05). CO(2) reactivity remained in the normal range (4.0% +/- 1.9%/mm Hg) during PP. We conclude that the induction of PP leads to an increase in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in young children independent from hypercapnia, whereas CO(2) reactivity remains normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic surgery is performed frequently in pediatric patients. Cerebral blood flow velocities increase during insufflation of the intraperitoneal cavity for minimally invasive surgery in children. The vasoreactivity as part of the cerebral autoregulation remains unaffected.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatric Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huettemann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terborg
authors.forename: Samir G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sakka
authors.forename: Gritta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrat
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schier
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reinhart
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide