title: Reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the Zung Depression Rating Scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study aimed to assess the reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the Zung Depression Rating Scale (ZDRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included 40 depressed patients 29.65 +/- 9.38 years old and 120 normal comparison subjects 27.23 +/- 10.62 years old. In 20 of them (12 patients and 8 comparison subjects) the instrument was re-applied 1-2 days later. Translation and Back Translation was made. Clinical Diagnosis was reached by consensus of two examiners with the use of the SCAN v.2.0 and the IPDE. Statistical Analysis included ANOVA, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Principal Components Analysis and Discriminant Function Analysis and the calculation of Cronbach's alpha (alpha)
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Sensitivity and specificity exceed 90.00 at 44/45, Chronbach's alpha for the total scale was equal to 0.09, suggesting that the scale covers a broad spectrum of symptoms. Factor analysis revealed five factors (anxiety-depression, thought content, gastrenterological symptoms, irritability and social-interpersonal functioning). The test-retest reliability was satisfactory (Pearson's R between 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ZDRS-Greek translation is both reliable and valid and is suitable for clinical and research use with satisfactory properties. Its properties are similar to those reported in the international literature, although the literature is limited. However one should always have in mind the limitations inherent in the use of self-report scales.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. kfount@med.auth.gr
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Fountoulakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: lacovides
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samolis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kleanthous
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kaprinis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: St Kaprinis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bech
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014177:Translations