title: C/EBP DNA-binding activity is upregulated by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism in septic muscle.
abstract: Sepsis-induced muscle cachexia is associated with increased expression of several genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway, but little is known about the activation of transcription factors in skeletal muscle during sepsis. We tested the hypothesis that sepsis upregulates the expression and activity of the transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-beta and -delta in skeletal muscle. Sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture, and control rats were sham operated. C/EBP-beta and -delta DNA-binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift analysis. In addition, C/EBP-beta and -delta nuclear protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Sepsis resulted in increased DNA-binding activity of C/EBP, and supershift analysis suggested that this reflected activation of the beta- and delta-isoforms of C/EBP. Concomitantly, C/EBP-beta and -delta protein levels were increased in the nuclear fraction of skeletal muscle. In additional experiments, we tested the role of glucocorticoids in sepsis-induced activation of C/EBP-beta and -delta by treating rats with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-38486. This treatment inhibited the sepsis-induced activation of C/EBP-beta and -delta, suggesting that glucocorticoids participate in the upregulation of C/EBP in skeletal muscle during sepsis. The present results suggest that C/EBP-beta and -delta are activated in skeletal muscle during sepsis and that this response is, at least in part, regulated by glucocorticoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0558, USA.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Penner
authors.forename: Gyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Per-Olof
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Hasselgren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002100:Cachexia / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C497254:Cebpd protein, rat; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025801:Ubiquitin; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta; D015735:Mifepristone; D004247:DNA; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex