title: Alcohol-related birth defects--the past, present, and future.
abstract: In 1994 Alcohol Health & Research World (now titled Alcohol Research & Health) last devoted a full issue to the topic of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD). This introductory article provides readers with information on how the field has advanced since then. In addition to tracing the development of the terminology used in the field, it describes the difficulties involved in determining the true prevalence of FAS and ARBD; the mechanisms that may play a role in alcohol-derived fetal injuries; approaches to preventing drinking during pregnancy; and strategies for assisting people who have been born with FAS and ARBD.
authors.affiliation: Office of Scientific Affairs, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Foudin
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012106:Research; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol