title: Application of 3D computer-assisted techniques to sinonasal pathology--case report: war wounds of paranasal sinuses caused by metallic foreign bodies.
abstract: Foreign bodies in paranasal sinuses are found quite infrequently. They are usually detected after various types of head trauma and most commonly occur as a consequence of improper handling of firearms or explosives. In countries at war, eg, during the war in Croatia, adults and children were almost equally exposed to these injuries. The diagnosis should be based on results from precise computer tomography (CT) scanning in axial and coronal sections, and, using these data, tissues of different densities at these anatomical locations can be differentiated. The possibility of exact preoperative, noninvasive visualization of the spatial relationships of anatomic and pathologic structures with 3-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted diagnosis and intraoperative navigational techniques allows the surgeon to achieve a considerable advantage in the preoperative examination of the patient and to reduce the risk of intraoperative complications, all by the use of virtual surgery (VS) or virtual diagnosis. The expected contribution of the mentioned computer-assisted surgical technique manifests itself in defining the most appropriate mode of CT scanning of the head to design the 3D operating field model, and the possibility of active and dynamic 3D visualization of the desired anatomical regions is realized. 3D reconstruction of anatomic units becomes a routine preoperative procedure, providing a highly useful and informative visualization of the regions of interest, and, thus, advancing the definition of geometric information on anatomical contours of the 3D model by the transfer of so-called image pixel to contour pixel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Salata 4, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivica
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klapan
authors.forename: Ljubimko
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simicić
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Besenski
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bumber
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janjanin
authors.forename: Vlado
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sruk
authors.forename: Zeljka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mihajlović
authors.forename: Ranko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Risavi
authors.forename: Ranko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mladina
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008670:Metals; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014857:Warfare
chemical_list: D008670:Metals