title: The use of trans-articular and extra-articular external fixation for management of distal tibial intra-articular fractures.
abstract: Twenty-nine consecutive cases of distal tibial intra-articular fractures treated by trans-articular or extra-articular external fixation techniques have been reviewed. Eleven cases were treated initially with a trans-articular dynamic axial fixator. Of these seven were converted to an extra-articular SHF, for a combination of poor ankle motion and delayed healing of the metaphyseo-diaphyseal dissociation (MDD). Three of these cases (two patients) required bone grafting for delayed healing of the diaphyseal component of the fracture. Apart from one refracture through the MDD, no major complications were seen. No deep infections and no angular malalignments were noted. There were 11 pin track infections. Subjective assessment using short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires, however, revealed significant differences compared to a normal population particularly in physical function and pain at a mean follow-up of 21 months. Using Bone's criteria for assessment of range of motion there were 62% excellent and good results, which dropped to 53% when fractures with a metaphyseo-diaphyseal extension were included. The use of minimally invasive techniques of internal fixation and stabilisation with a Sheffield hybrid frame in the management of distal tibial intra-articular fractures has minimal complications. Trans-articular external fixation is a good primary treatment for badly comminuted articular fractures with poor soft tissue condition. Conversion to extra-articular external fixation is recommended for slower healing fractures allowing ankle movement and early weight-bearing. The presence of a MDD dissociation lengthens the treatment time significantly, adds to the morbidity and affects final outcome.
authors.affiliation: Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Division of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Centre, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK. mohi.el.shazly@kneeclinics.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Shazly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dalby-Ball
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome