title: The timing of intravenous crystalloid administration and incidence of cardiovascular side effects during spinal anesthesia: the results from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: We conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of crystalloids in preventing spinal-induced hypotension (SIH) and cardiovascular side effects (CVSE) in a group of surgical patients. Participants were assigned to receive lactated Ringer's solution at 1-2 mL/min (Placebo group, n = 142); lactated Ringer's at 20 mL/kg starting 20 min before spinal block (n = 130); or lactated Ringer's at 20 mL/kg starting at the time of spinal block (n = 132). SIH was defined as a decrease of > or = 30% in baseline systolic blood pressure, and CVSE as SIH plus nausea, vomiting, or faintness requiring treatment. The incidence of SIH was similar in all treatment groups. Compared to placebo, crystalloid administration at the time of spinal block resulted in a significant reduction in the proportion of patients developing CVSE from 9.9% to 2.3%. The corresponding relative proportion was 0.23 (95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.78; P = 0.019), and one additional case of CVSE was avoided for each 13 patients receiving crystalloids at the time of spinal block instead of placebo. Administration of crystalloids at the time of spinal block seems to be effective because it provides additional intravascular fluids during the period of highest risk of CVSE after spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crystalloids are frequently administered to nonobstetric patients minutes before spinal anesthesia to prevent cardiovascular side effects (CVSE). This randomized controlled trial shows that although crystalloids administered before spinal block result in no clinical benefit, they significantly reduce the risk of CVSE when administered at the time of spinal block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mojica
authors.forename: Héctor J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Meléndez
authors.forename: Leonelo E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bautista
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate