title: The pro- or antiangiogenic effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 is dose dependent.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is believed to control proteolytic activity and cell migration during angiogenesis. We previously demonstrated in vivo that this inhibitor is necessary for optimal tumor invasion and vascularization. We also showed that PAI-1 angiogenic activity is associated with its control of plasminogen activation but not with the regulation of cell-matrix interaction. To dissect the role of the various components of the plasminogen activation system during angiogenesis, we have adapted the aortic ring assay to use vessels from gene-inactivated mice. The single deficiency of tPA, uPA, or uPAR, as well as combined deficiencies of uPA and tPA, did not dramatically affect microvessel formation. Deficiency of plasminogen delayed microvessel outgrowth. Lack of PAI-1 completely abolished angiogenesis, demonstrating its importance in the control of plasmin-mediated proteolysis. Microvessel outgrowth from PAI-1-/- aortic rings could be restored by adding exogenous PAI-1 (wild-type serum or purified recombinant PAI-1). Addition of recombinant PAI-1 led to a bell-shaped angiogenic response clearly showing that PAI-1 is proangiogenic at physiological concentrations and antiangiogenic at higher levels. Using specific PAI-1 mutants, we could demonstrate that PAI-1 promotes angiogenesis at physiological (nanomolar) concentrations through its antiproteolytic activity rather than by interacting with vitronectin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie (B23), Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Devy
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blacher
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grignet-Debrus
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bajou
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gils
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Declerck
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nöel
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foidart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000235:genetics; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010958:Plasminogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator