title: Tardive dyskinesia among Chinese and Malay patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was studied with the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale in Chinese and Malay patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in a Singapore state psychiatric institute. We also studied the relationship of neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal side effects to TD. By using established criteria, the rates of TD were 40.6% for Chinese and 29.0% for Malays, higher than previously reported for Chinese subjects. Older age and lower current neuroleptic dose were significantly associated with TD. Multivariate analysis, after controlling for other salient risk variables, did not show a significant difference in TD prevalence rates between the two races. We conclude that suggested differences in interethnic rates of TD among Chinese, Malays, and Westerners are unlikely to exist and that any variation in prevalence is more likely to be determined by differences in duration of exposure and dose levels of neuroleptic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Woodbridge Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Chong_Siow_Ann@moh.gov.sg
authors.forename: Siow-Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Rathi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahendran
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Machin
authors.forename: Hong-Choon
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D012846:Singapore
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents