title: Scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis of lipopolysaccharide in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.).
abstract: The mechanism of elimination of blood-borne Vibrio salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) was studied. The anatomical distribution of LPS was determined using both morphological and radiotracing methods. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue specimens after injection of LPS disclosed that the endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) represented the cellular site of uptake in heart. Co-injection of trace amounts of [(125)I]LPS together with excess amounts of formaldehyde-treated albumin (FSA), a ligand for the scavenger receptor, significantly inhibited the accumulation of the radiotracer in heart only. Studies on purified monolayer cultures of atrial EECs showed that fluorescein-labelled LPS was taken up in structures reminiscent of endosomal/lysosomal vesicles. Incubation of cultures with [(125)I]LPS together with excess amounts of FSA, fucoidan and dextran sulphate, molecules known to compete for endocytosis via the scavenger receptor, reduced uptake of the probe by 80 %. Mannan, a ligand for the mannose receptor, did not compete for uptake. Kinetic studies on the uptake and degradation of [(125)I]LPS in cultured atrial endocardial cells revealed no degradation after 48 h of culture. In conclusion, we have shown that the EECs of cod remove V. salmonicida LPS from the circulation by scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. torese@fagmed.uit.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seternes
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dalmo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bøgwald
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zykova
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smedsrød
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004699:Endocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D019793:Fluorescein; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006325:Heart Atria; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D014733:Vibrio
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D019793:Fluorescein