title: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its role in oncogenesis of human gastric carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the oncogenesis of human gastric carcinoma more directly.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of VEGF and its receptor kinase-domain insert containing receptor (KDR) in human gastric cancer tissue were observed by immunohistochemical staining. VEGF levels were manipulated in human gastric cancer cell using eukaryotic expression constructs designed to express the complete VEGF(165) complimentary DNA in either the sense or antisense orientation. The biological changes of the cells were observed in which VEGF was up-regulated or down-regulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF-positive rate was 50%, and VEGF was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of the tumor cells, while KDR was mainly located in the membrane of vascular endothelial cells in gastric cancer tissues and peri-cancerous tissue. In 2 cases of 50 specimens, the gastric cancer cells expressed KDR, localized in both the cytoplasm and membrane. Introduction of VEGF(165) antisense into human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901, immunofluorescence intensity, 31.6%)) resulted in a significant reduction in VEGF-specific messenger RNA and total and cell surface VEGF protein (immunofluorescence intensity, 8.9%) (P<0.05). Conversely, stable integration of VEGF(165) in the sense orientation resulted in an increase in cellular and cell surface VEGF (immunofluorescence intensity, 75.4%) (P<0.05). Lowered VEGF levels were associated with a marked decrease in the growth of nude mouse xenografted tumor (at 33 days postimplantation, tumor volume: 345.40 +/- 136.31 mm3)(P<0.05 vs control SGC-7901 group: 1534.40 +/- 362.88 mm3), whereas up-regulation of VEGF resulted in increased xenografted tumor size (at 33 days postimplantation, tumor volume: 2350.50 +/- 637.70 mm3) (P<0.05 vs control SGC-7901 group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides direct evidence that VEGF plays an important role in the oncogenesis of human gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. liuduhu@163.net
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Q S
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016373:DNA, Antisense; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016373:DNA, Antisense; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor