title: Advancing perspectives on prostate cancer: multihormonal influences in pathogenesis.
abstract: Nonandrogenic hormones are implicated in the growth and function of the prostate, which is itself an endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes hormones and growth factors, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prostatic inhibin peptide (PIP). Findings of increased FSH concentrations and receptor expression in diseased prostate tissue suggest a role for FSH in prostate cancer growth. Not only does PIP suppress circulating levels of FSH, but it responds to and modulates prostatic FSH, suggesting a close interlinkage of these compounds in controlling both healthy and diseased prostate cells. Other focuses of endocrinologic research include androgen receptors, vitamin D, growth factors (including insulin-like growth factors I and II), and retinoids. Issues such as optimal therapy timing, intermittent administration, and the adoption of a multihormonal approach to the management of prostate cancer remain to be resolved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA. ceo@dmc.org
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Josef
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garde
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huhtaniemi
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pontes
mesh_terms: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D012106:Research
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C043076:beta-microseminoprotein; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone