title: Metabolic disorders and breast cancer risk (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the hormonal context of breast cancer etiology we used data from a large, population-based case-control study to investigate the relationship between breast cancer risk and a history of diabetes mellitus, disorders associated with estrogen stimulation (uterine fibroids, endometriosis, gallstones), and disorders associated with androgen stimulation (acne, hirsutism, and polycystic ovaries).
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast cancer patients between 50 and 75 years old were identified from state-wide tumor registries in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire; controls were randomly selected from drivers' license lists (age less than 65) or Medicare enrollment files (age 65-74). Information on reproductive history, medical history, and personal habits was obtained by telephone interview. A total of 5659 cases and 5928 controls were interviewed and provided suitable data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no overall association between breast cancer risk and reported history of diabetes mellitus, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, gallstones, or cholecystectomy. However, the disorders with androgenic associations all conferred an increased risk: the overall odds ratio (OR) for a history of acne was 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.9), that for hirsutism was 1.2 (95% CI 0.81-1.8), and that for polycystic ovaries 1.6 (95% CI 0.8-3.2). Diabetes mellitus diagnosed before age 35 conferred an odds ratio of 0.52 (95% 0.25-1.1), while diabetes diagnosed at a later age was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Androgen-related phenomena are likely to be important in the etiology of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755-3861, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Titus-Ernstoff
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens