title: Comparison of light and x-ray sensitometric responses of double-emulsion films for different processing conditions.
abstract: The effects of different film processing conditions on light and x-ray sensitometric responses were compared for a variety of double-emulsion x-ray films. The processing conditions were altered by changes of the developer temperature. Three different exposure variants were applied: x-ray sensitometry using two stepped neutral density attenuators between film and screens, simultaneous double-sided light sensitometry, and single-sided light sensitometry. 13 different types of double-emulsion x-ray films were investigated, among them three asymmetric films. In the special case of exposing the asymmetric films with the single-sided light sensitometer, a method was investigated where each side of the film is exposed at different locations and the sum effect is analyzed. From each sensitometric curve shape two parameters, the logarithmic speed (logS) and the average gradient (G), were evaluated. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Single-sided and double-sided light sensitometers revealed almost equal changes of logS when the processing conditions are altered. Thus, single-sided light sensitometers can serve as a substitute for double-sided light sensitometers provided that suited exposure methods are used and appropriate sensitometric parameters are evaluated. (2) Light sensitometry quantitatively indicated changes of the film processing that affect the x-ray speed. Hence, light sensitometry is a useful method to monitor changes in film processing.
authors.affiliation: University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany. cblendl@server2.fo.fh-koeln.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blendl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buhr
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D008027:Light; D013679:Technology, Radiologic; D013696:Temperature; D014962:X-Ray Film; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens; D014965:X-Rays