title: Feasibility of assessment of promoter methylation of the CD44 gene in serum of prostate cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CD44 is an important metastasis-suppressor gene in prostate cancer. Downregulation of the CD44 gene is attributed to transcription repression by methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region. The feasibility of CD44 promoter methylation measurement as a diagnostic tool was assessed in the serum of patients with cancer of the prostate (CAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven serum samples of patients with CAP were investigated for CD44 promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR. Three patients had proven metastatic disease, and four were free of metastases. Tissues from a variety of normal epithelia were assessed as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylation of the CD44 promoter was readily detectable in all serum samples, although no distinction could be made between patients with and those without metastatic disease on the basis of the signal intensity of methylation-specific PCR products. Remarkably, tissue specimens from different normal epithelia, especially those of the colon and rectum, repeatedly showed aberrant methylation of the promoter region of CD44.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the serum of CAP patients, assessment of the methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of the CD44 gene is feasible using methylation-specific PCR. However, because of physiologic promoter methylation in normal tissues, including the colorectal mucosa, assessment of methylation of tumor-derived DNA in the serum of cancer patients lacks tissue specificity and seems not to be applicable in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. vis@path.azr.nl
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Vis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oomen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van der Kwast
mesh_terms: D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors