title: Progression of retinopathy in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the progression of retinopathy 3 years after initiation of insulin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, observational case-control study, 42 type 2 diabetic patients were examined at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after change to insulin therapy. Retinopathy was graded based on fundus photographs using the Wisconsin scale; HbA(1c) and IGF-1 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the observation period of 3 years, 26 patients progressed in the retinopathy scale; 11 patients progressed at least three levels. After 3 years of insulin therapy, HbA(1c) and IGF-1 were significantly lower than at baseline. Progression of retinopathy greater than or equal to three levels was related to high IGF-1 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relationship was found between high IGF-1 levels at 3 years and progression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. m.henricsson@telia.com
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henricsson
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berntorp
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernlund
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sundkvist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin