title: Functional characterization of an endogenous Xenopus oocyte adenosine receptor.
abstract: To investigate the effects of adenosine on endogenous Xenopus oocyte receptors, we analysed defolliculated oocytes injected with mRNAs for the G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels. In oocytes injected with mRNAs for either GIRK1/GIRK2 or GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits, application of adenosine or ATP reversibly induced inward K(+) currents, although ATP was less potent than adenosine. The responses were attenuated by caffeine, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist. Furthermore, in uninjected oocytes from the same donor, adenosine produced no significant current. The endogenous receptor was activated by two selective A(1) adenosine receptor agonists, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), and antagonized by a selective A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopenylxanthine (DPCPX) at moderate nanomolar concentrations, but insensitive to micromolar concentrations of selective A(2A) and A(3) adenosine receptor agonists, 2-[p-(2-carbonyl-ethyl)-phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680) and N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-(N-methylcarbamoyl)adenosine (IB-MECA), respectively. However, the pharmacological characteristics of the receptor were different from those of the cloned Xenopus A(1) adenosine receptor and previously proposed adenosine receptors. The adenosine-induced GIRK currents were abolished by injection of pertussis toxin and CPA inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. We conclude that an adenosine receptor on the Xenopus oocyte membrane can activate GIRK channels and inhibit adenylyl cyclase via G(i/o) proteins. Moreover, our results suggest the existence of an endogenous adenosine receptor with the unique pharmacological characteristics. As the receptor was activated by nanomolar concentrations of adenosine, which is a normal constituent of extracellular fluid, the receptor may be involved in some effects through the G(i/o) protein signalling pathways in ovarian physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan. torukoba@bri.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumanishi
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D000241:Adenosine