title: Cytogenetic effects of hexavalent chromium in Bulgarian chromium platers.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in vivo in exposed Bulgarian chromium platers by using classical cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analyses of peripheral lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal cells. No significant difference was observed between the exposed workers and the controls with regard to the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations (CAs) using conventional Giemsa staining and in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). However, there was a significant increase in the number of cells with micronuclei (MN) in peripheral lymphocytes from chromium exposed workers as compared to the controls. In the buccal cells from these workers, this increase was even more pronounced. Cytosine arabinoside (AraC), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and repair, was found to significantly increase the levels of MN in vitro in the lymphocytes of both groups. The increase was more expressed in the lymphocytes of chromium exposed workers. Both centromere positive (C(+)) as well as centromere negative (C(-)) MN were observed by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique in both of the cell types studied. No difference between C(+) and C(-) MN frequencies was found in the lymphocytes as well as in the buccal cells. Thus, Cr(VI) appears to have both clastogenic as well as aneugenic effects in humans.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection (NCRRP), Laboratory of Radiation Mutagenesis and Embryology, 132 Kliment Ochridski Blvd., 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria. benova_ncrrp@medicalnet-bg.org
authors.forename: Donka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benova
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hadjidekova
authors.forename: Rossitza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hristova
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikolova
authors.forename: Minka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boulanova
authors.forename: Ivanka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Georgieva
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grigorova
authors.forename: Todor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.forename: Teodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panev
authors.forename: Rossitza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Georgieva
authors.forename: Adayapalam T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Firouz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Darroudi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002031:Bulgaria; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000378:metabolism; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D003561:Cytarabine; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion