title: Twenty-six-week repeat-dose toxicity study of a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor derivative (nartograstim) in cynomolgus monkeys.
abstract: An rhG-CSF derivative, nartograstim (NTG), at dose levels of 0 (saline), 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 microg/kg, was administered subcutaneously to groups of 3 male and 3 female cynomolgus monkeys once daily for 26 weeks to investigate its toxicity. In Week 4 or later, an increase in leukocyte counts consisting mainly of neutrophils was noted in all NTG dose groups, and was considered to be attributable to the pharmacological action of NTG. The degree of this increase was reduced with repetition of dosing. Increases in granulocytic cells and granulocytic cells/erythrocytic cells (G/E) ratio in the bone marrow, increase in serum ALP activity, and enlarged spleens with increase of neutrophils in the red pulp were observed at 10 microg/kg and higher. Anemia was noted at 10 microg/kg and higher in Week 4 and was accompanied by an increase in reticulocytes and a decrease in total cholesterol level at 100 microg/kg. Anti-NTG antibody was detected in 1 female at 100 microg/kg, but neutralizing antibodies were not detected at any dose levels in Week 4. In Weeks 13 and 26, these antibodies were detected sporadically at all dose levels. However, there were considerable individual variations in antibody titer, and no definite correlation could be found between the dose levels and the antibody titer. Seven NTG-dosed animals including 3 high dose-group animals showed obvious increases in leukocyte counts until Week 26 but no obvious elevation of anti-NTG or neutralizing antibody. In these animals, changes including anemia became slighter but were still observed in Week 26. Under the conditions in this study, 1 microg/kg was concluded to be the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in cynomolgus monkeys.
authors.affiliation: SNBL USA, Ltd., 6605 Merrill Creek Parkway, Everett, Washington 98203, USA. kokosaki@snblusa.com
authors.forename: Keikou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okasaki
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funato
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakama
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiura
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002784:Cholesterol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C072115:nartograstim