title: [Reasons for magnesium deficiency in children with coeliac disease].
abstract: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is often noted in patients with coeliac disease (CD). The aim of the study was the analysis of the reasons of this deficiency in children with CD, diagnosed according to ESPGAN criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 41 patients aged 6-18 years adhering to strict gluten-free diet GFD(+) for mean 11 years, with normal small intestine mucosa, and IgAEmA(-), and on 32 patients aged 5-17 years on gluten containing diet, with classical CD, silent CD or after gluten challenge--GFD(-). In this group the villous atrophy of the small intestine and IgAEmA(+) were observed. In 18 of these patients Mg deficiency was found using Mg-loading test (30 mmol/1.73 m2).
  
  
  METHODS
  The following parameters were analysed: type of the disease, observance of gluten-free diet, sex, and living place. Mg, Ca, Na, protein, fat, and dietary fiber intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire method, and steatorrhea using faecal fat excretion (g/24 h).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of Mg deficiency was similar in both sexes, occasionally in children from small towns (4.5%), and more often in children from big cities (31.5%), and village (34.4%). Dietary Mg intake below RDA was observed in 23% of children from GFD(+) group, in 19% from GFD(-) one, and in 17.6% in children with Mg deficiency. Insufficient Mg intake was found in 18.2% of children from small towns, in 17.6% from big cities, and in 12.5% from villages; Ca in 36.6%, 58.8%, and 59.3%, and protein in 18.2%, 35.3%, and in 34.4% respectively. In all groups of children high intake of fat and Na was observed. Dietary fiber intake was within the recommended values. All children with classical CD had increased fat excretion (mean 25.9 g/24 h), in other patients it was within normal values [GFD(+) mean 1.95 g/24 h, in GFD(-) without diarrhoea 1.7 g/24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium deficiency in children with CD depends on the form of the disease, adhering to GFD, diarrhoea with steatorrhea, and/or low Mg intake with the diet.
authors.affiliation: Instytut Pomnik-Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka w Warszawie.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rujner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wojtasik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Syczewska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stolarczyk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwanow
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunachowicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Socha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D015930:Diet Records; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium