title: Influence of transdermal estradiol in the regulation of leptin levels of postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the administration of transdermal estradiol is capable of modifying circulating levels of leptin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty postmenopausal women randomly received in a double-blind fashion, a transdermal patch containing either placebo or estradiol (50 microg/day). After 2 months of treatment, they were switched to the alternate treatment for another 2 months. Leptin levels were measured at the end of the placebo and estradiol administration. In a subset of 28 women an evaluation of body composition via bioelectrical impedance and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g) were also performed at the end of the placebo and estradiol administration. Glucose, insulin, and leptin levels were measured in all OGTT samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin levels were related directly to body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and insulin, and inversely related to lean mass. In comparison to placebo, transdermal estradiol increased estradiol (from 77.8 +/- 8.4 pmol/l to 183.1 +/- 20.9 pmol/l; p < 0.0001) but did not significantly modify leptin (19.1 +/- 2.4 microg/l vs. 18.6 +/- 2 microg/l) or BMI. Estradiol did not modify fat mass or lean mass, significantly increased intracellular water (31.1 +/- 0.7% vs. 37.2 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.05), and decreased extracellular water (40.5 +/- 0.7% vs. 36.3 +/- 1.7%; p < 0.04). Leptin did not increase during OGTT, but a significant decrease, linearly related to BMI ( r = 0.519; p = 0.0189), was observed at the end of the test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low doses of transdermal estradiol exert no influence on fasting leptin levels or BMI. The possibility that different doses of estradiol exert a more pronounced effect on circulating leptin needs to be addressed in comparative studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Modena, via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy. cagnacci@unimo.it
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagnacci
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malmusi
authors.forename: Serenella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arangino
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanni
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rovati
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cagnacci
authors.forename: Annibale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D001823:Body Composition; D001834:Body Water / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D004958:Estradiol