title: Should ward nurses be using automatic external defibrillators as first responders to improve the outcome from cardiac arrest? A systematic review of the primary research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome from in-hospital cardiac arrest has improved little since the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation 40 years ago. Early defibrillation improves survival following ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The emergence of automatic external defibrillators and advisory defibrillators has been heralded as the answer to defibrillation delays in-hospital.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To locate and evaluate the evidence supporting automatic external defibrillator use in-hospital on general wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of indexed and grey literature to identify primary research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen in-hospital automatic external defibrillator studies were located, five met the inclusion criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is limited primary research evaluating automatic external defibrillators in-hospital. Manual defibrillators remain the most commonly used device for in-hospital defibrillation. Automated external defibrillators offer an alternative to manual defibrillation providing they have a screen and manual override capability, and the technology for pacing is close to hand. For in-hospital automatic external defibrillator programmes to be effective a change in nursing philosophy must occur, and defibrillation must become an expected rather than an extended nursing role.
authors.affiliation: Frimley Park Hospital, Project Office, Camberley, Surrey GU16 5UJ, UK. gkenward88@aol.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kenward
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hodgetts
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004506:Education, Nursing; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004630:Emergencies; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010362:Patients' Rooms; D012106:Research; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D006113:United Kingdom