title: Microsatellite analysis of free tumor DNA in urine, serum, and plasma of patients: a minimally invasive method for the detection of bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor cells may release DNA into circulation, which is subsequently carried as free DNA and enriched in blood and urine. The detection of tumors by microsatellite analysis of free DNA offers a possibility to establish a minimally invasive method for the detection of bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed microsatellite analysis of free DNA of urine, serum, and plasma in comparison with DNA of lymphocytes and tumors of 40 patients with conspicuous bladder lesions. Six microsatellite markers were used for the detection of alterations on chromosomes 4, 9, and 17.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six of 36 bladder tumor tissue samples showed alterations. Microsatellite changes matching those in the tumor tissues were detected in at least one of the body fluids in 23 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that simultaneous and multiple investigations of microsatellite markers on free DNA of urine and blood could have clinical relevance as a minimally invasive method for diagnosis and screening of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany. mutting@imb-jena.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utting
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahse
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm