title: Endoscopic palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction using self-expanding metal stents: experience in 36 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malignant gastric outlet obstruction is seen in the setting of a variety of cancers, most commonly pancreatic. Self-expanding metal stents can be used to palliate these patients and restore the ability to eat.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the Mayo Clinic experience in the endoscopic treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Thirty-six patients (26 male, 10 female) were treated between October, 1998 and January, 2001. Data were collected from charts, endoscopy reports, x-rays, and telephone calls. A scoring system was created to grade the ability to eat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were successful. Thirty-one of 36 patients (86%) required one stent at initial endoscopy, and 5/36 patients (14%) required two or more stents. Pretreatment, 19/36 patients (53%) were nil per os, 15/36 (42%) drank liquids, and 2/36 were able to eat soft solids. After stent placement, only 1/36 (3%) was still nil per os, 13/36 (36%) drank liquids, 13/36 (36%) ate soft solids, and 9/36 (25%) ate a full diet. The improvement in ability to eat using the scoring system was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Nine of 36 patients (25%) required reintervention for recurrent symptoms. Sixteen of 36 patients (44%) had concomitant or subsequent development of biliary obstruction, of which 15 were successfully decompressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-expanding metal stents are a safe and efficacious method for palliating malignant gastric outlet obstruction. The majority of patients do not require reintervention, and those that do can usually be managed nonoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011336:Probability; D011788:Quality of Life; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015607:Stents; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016896:Treatment Outcome