title: KM(+), a lectin from Artocarpus integrifolia, induces IL-12 p40 production by macrophages and switches from type 2 to type 1 cell-mediated immunity against Leishmania major antigens, resulting in BALB/c mice resistance to infection.
abstract: The outcome and severity of some diseases correlate with the dominance of either the T helper 1 (Th1) or Th2 immune response, which is stimulated by IL-12 or IL-4, respectively. In the present study we demonstrate that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion by murine spleen cells stimulated with KM(+), a mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus integrifolia, is due to IL-12 induction, because (1) macrophages from several sources (including cell lines) produced IL-12 p40 in response to KM(+), and (2) lectin-free supernatants from J774 cell line cultures stimulated with KM(+) induced the secretion of IFN-gamma by spleen cell cultures, an effect blocked by the supernatant pretreatment with anti-IL-12 antibody. The known pattern of susceptibility of BALB/c mice to infection with Leishmania major, attributed to high levels of IL-4 production leading to a Th2 nonprotective immune response, was modified by administration of KM(+). Draining lymph node cells from these immunized BALB/c mice (in contrast to cells from animals immunized only with soluble leishmanial antigen [SLA]) secreted high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4, which characterized a Th1 rather than a Th2 response pattern. The footpad thickness of BALB/c mice immunized with SLA plus KM(+) and challenged with L. major was similar to that of uninfected mice. This beneficial effect against leishmanial infection was blocked by pretreatment of these mice with anti-IL-12 antibody. These observations indicate that KM(+) induces IL-12 p40 in vivo and has a protective effect against L. major infection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panunto-Castelo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roque-Barreira
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D037222:Collectins; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D037102:Lectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D029586:Moraceae; D037121:Plant Lectins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D051381:Rats; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D037222:Collectins; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D037102:Lectins; D037121:Plant Lectins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma