title: TGF-beta signaling: positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis.
abstract: TGF-beta binding to the cell surface triggers activation of multiple signal transduction pathways that are connected in intricate ways with each other, and with other response networks involved in sensing cellular information input. Recent data indicate that changes in signal intensity and connectivity of these pathways may underlie the complex transition of the TGF-beta pathway from tumor suppressor to oncogene during tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 41, Room C629, 41 Library Drive, MSC 5055, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5055, USA. Wakefiel@dce41.nci.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lalage M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Anita B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta