Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen following oral and intramuscular administration in young children.
OBJECTIVE
The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen following intramuscular injection or oral tablet was determined in children aged 10-69 months.


METHODS
Ten children received a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg kg(-1) ketoprofen. Six children, weight 12-17 kg, received a 12.5-mg ketoprofen tablet and four children, weight 18-23 kg, received a 25-mg tablet. Venous blood samples were collected at 15 min and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h following drug dosing. Plasma ketoprofen levels were measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method.


RESULTS
The maximal plasma concentration of ketoprofen ranged between 3.6 microg ml(-1) and 7.4 microg ml(-1) in the intramuscular group and, following a dose normalisation, between 2.8 microg ml(-1) and 8.2 microg ml(-1) in the tablet group (dose normalised for 1 mg kg(-1)). The rate and extent of absorption of ketoprofen were comparable after intramuscular and oral administration. The relative bioavailability of oral ketoprofen was about 100% of the intramuscular administration. The extrapolated area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-infinity) ranged between 8.8 microg ml(-1) h and 14.6 microg ml(-1) h in the intramuscular group and between 8.7 microg ml(-1) h and 14.1 microg ml(-1) h in the tablet group (dose-normalised AUC0-infinity). The terminal half-life was comparable in both study groups, ranging between 0.8 h and 2.2 h in the intramuscular group and between 0.9 h and 2.1 h in the tablet group.


CONCLUSIONS
According to the pharmacokinetic properties determined in this study, there is no justification for using intramuscular administration in awake children.
Kokki
H
H
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. hannu.kokki@kuh.fi
Tuomilehto
H
H
Karvinen
M
M
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007660:Ketoprofen