title: Prevalence and prognosis of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, ST segment depression and negative T-wave; the Copenhagen City Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence and the independent prognosis of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy by voltage only, ST depression and negative T wave, isolated negative T wave and left ventricular hypertrophy plus ST depression and negative T wave for cardiac morbidity and mortality, without known ischaemic heart disease at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study were used. Subjects were 5243 men and 6391 women, age range 25-74 years. End-points were (1) myocardial infarction, (2) ischaemic heart disease and (3) cardiovascular disease mortality. Relative risk was age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariately adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors. During 7 years follow-up, left ventricular hypertrophy plus ST depression and negative T wave had an age-adjusted relative risk of 3.78 (95% confidence interval 2.29-6.25) for myocardial infarction, 4.27 (2.95-6.16) for ischaemic heart disease and 3.75 (2.41-5.85) for cardiovascular disease. A negative T wave, ST depression and negative T wave changes, and left ventricular hypertrophy with negative T wave also carry independent prognostic information for myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy with ST depression and negative T wave changes are the electrocardiographic abnormalities with the greatest prognostic information for future cardiac events. Electrocardiographic negative T waves, ST depression and negative T wave abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy with negative T waves, also have prognostic information.
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen City Heart Study, Epidemiological Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, 2400 NV, Denmark.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahlin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scharling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Appleyard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sigurd
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schnohr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk