title: Mucin and phospholipids determine viscosity of gallbladder bile in patients with gallstones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased viscosity of gallbladder bile has been considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. Besides lipids and proteins, mucin has been suggested to affect the viscosity of bile. To further clarify these issues we compared mucin, protein and the lipid componEnts of hepatic and gallbladder bile and its viscosity in patients with gallstones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viscosity of bile (mPa.s) was measured using rotation viscosimetry in regard to the non Newtonian property of bile at low shear rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biliary viscosity was markedly higher in gallbladder bile of patients with cholesterol (5.00 +/- 0.60 mPa.s, mean +/- SEM, r= 28) and mixed stones (3.50 +/- 0.68 mPa.s; r= 8) compared to hepatic bile (0.92 +/- 0.06 mPa.s, r= 6). A positive correlation between mucin and viscosity was found in gallbladder biles (r = 0.65; P < 0.001) but not in hepatic biles. The addition of physiologic and supraphysiologic amounts of mucin to gallbladder bile resulted in a dose dependent non linear increase of its viscosity. A positive correlation was determined between phospholipid concentration and viscosity (r = 0.34, P < 0.005) in gallbladder biles. However, no correlation was found between total protein or the other lipid concentrations and viscosity in both gallbladder and hepatic biles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The viscosity of gallbladder bile is markedly higher than that of hepatic bile in patients with gallstones. The concentration of mucin is the major determinant of biliary viscosity and may contribute by this mechanism to the role of mucin in the pathogenesis of gallstones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jüngst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niemeyer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zündt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilhelmi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: del Pozo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D010743:Phospholipids