Comparison of antioxidant effects of naringin and probucol in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
BACKGROUND
Due to the strong evidence on the involvement of active oxygen species in a variety of disorders, the role of antioxidants against oxidative stress has recently received increased attention.


METHODS
Twenty male rabbits were served a high-cholesterol (HC, 5 g/kg diet) diet or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with naringin (0.5 g/kg diet) or probucol (0.5 g/kg diet) for 8 weeks to compare the antioxidative effects of the citrus bioflavonoid (naringin) and antioxidative cholesterol-lowering drug (probucol).


RESULTS
The plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) concentration was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the hepatic TBARS concentration was significantly lower in the probucol group than in both normal and HC control or naringin group. Probucol and naringin supplementation led to an increase in the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and a decrease in the hepatic mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content compared to the HC-control group. However, there was no difference in the cytosolic H(2)O(2) content or cytosolic glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the liver between the groups. Both naringin and probucol supplements significantly increased the plasma vitamin E concentration compared to the HC-control group. As regards the antioxidant enzyme gene expressions, naringin significantly increased the expression of three antioxidant enzyme mRNAs compared to the HC-control group, whereas probucol significantly increased the only SOD mRNA expression.


CONCLUSIONS
The probucol supplement was very potent in the antioxidative defense system, whereas naringin exhibited a comparable antioxidant capacity based on increasing the gene expressions in the antioxidant enzymes, while also increasing the hepatic SOD and CAT activities, sparing plasma vitamin E, and decreasing the hepatic mitochondrial H(2)O(2) content.
Jeon
Seon Min
SM
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, 702-701, Taegu, South Korea.
Bok
Song Hae
SH
Jang
Moon Kyoo
MK
Kim
Yeon Hee
YH
Nam
Kyung Tak
KT
Jeong
Tae Sook
TS
Park
Yong Bok
YB
Choi
Myung Sook
MS
D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004798:Enzymes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011341:Probucol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004798:Enzymes; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C005274:naringin; D011341:Probucol