title: Altered motor control strategies in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain during the active straight-leg-raise test.
abstract: METHODS
  An experimental study of respiratory function and kinematics of the diaphragm and pelvic floor in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain and in a comparable pain-free subject group was conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into the motor control strategies of subjects with sacroiliac joint pain and the resultant effect on breathing pattern.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The active straight-leg-raise test has been proposed as a clinical test for the assessment of load transfer through the pelvis. Clinical observations show that patients with sacroiliac joint pain have suboptimal motor control strategies and alterations in respiratory function when performing low-load tasks such as an active straight leg raise.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 13 participants with a clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain and 13 matched control subjects in the supine resting position were tested with the active straight leg raise and the active straight leg raise with manual compression through the ilia. Respiratory patterns were recorded using spirometry, and minute ventilation was calculated. Diaphragmatic excursion and pelvic floor descent were measured using ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants with sacroiliac joint pain exhibited increased minute ventilation, decreased diaphragmatic excursion, and increased pelvic floor descent, as compared with pain-free subjects. Considerable variation was observed in respiratory patterns. Enhancement of pelvis stability via manual compression through the ilia reversed these differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings formally identified altered motor control strategies and alterations of respiratory function in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain. The changes observed appear to represent a compensatory strategy of the neuromuscular system to enhance force closure of the pelvis where stability has been compromised by injury.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University of Technology, Shenton Park, Western Australia, Australia. tosulliv@cc.curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Beales
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Beetham
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cripps
authors.forename: Felicitas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Ivan B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003710:Demography; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain; D008297:Male; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography