title: Parametrial spread of cervical cancer in patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the incidence and prognostic implications of parametrial involvement according to tumor volume in a series of cervical cancer patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed a series of 351 node-negative patients with stage IB, IIA, or IIB cervical cancer treated with class III radical hysterectomy. The surgical specimens were processed as step-serial giant sections and tumor volume was calculated. Overall, 180 patients had tumors <5 mL, 120 had tumors of 5-20 mL, and 51 had tumors >20 mL. Parametrial involvement was classified as continuous, discontinuous, or involvement of blood vessels or lymph nodes and according to location as medial or lateral. A total of 302 patients had squamous cell tumors and 49 had adenocarcinomas. The mean duration of follow-up was 9.3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 44 of 351 patients (12.5%) had parametrial involvement. The rate of parametrial involvement in patients with tumors <5, 5-20, and >20 mL was 6.7, 12.5, and 33%, respectively. Isolated involvement of the medial parametrium increased with tumor size (3.8, 8.3, and 27.5%, respectively), whereas isolated involvement of the lateral parametrium was seen in 2.2, 1.6, and 0% of the cases. Involvement of both the medial and the lateral portions of the parametrium was seen in 0.5, 2.5, and 5.9% of the specimens, respectively. There were no differences in the rate of parametrial involvement between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. The 5-year disease-free survival rates in patients without or with parametrial involvement were 90.2% vs 90%, 91.7% vs 92.9%, and 84.7% vs 67%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lateral portion of the parametrium can be involved in patients with cervical cancer and negative pelvic lymph nodes, but this is uncommon. In this series of patients treated with type III radical hysterectomy, parametrial involvement had no influence on disease-free survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria. obstet.gynecol@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koemetter
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamussino
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahousen
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petru
authors.forename: Hellmuth
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pickel
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*