title: [Detection of tibial condylar fractures using 3D imaging with a mobile image amplifier (Siemens ISO-C-3D): Comparison with plain films and spiral CT].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze a prototype mobile C-arm 3D image amplifier in the detection and classification of experimental tibial condylar fractures with multiplanar reconstructions (MPR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human knee specimens (n = 22) with tibial condylar fractures were examined with a prototype C-arm (ISO-C-3D, Siemens AG), plain films (CR) and spiral CT (CT). The motorized C-arm provides fluoroscopic images during a 190 degrees orbital rotation computing a 119 mm data cube. From these 3D data sets MP reconstructions were obtained. All images were evaluated by four independent readers for the detection and assessment of fracture lines. All fractures were classified according to the Müller AO classification. To confirm the results, the specimens were finally surgically dissected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  97 % of the tibial condylar fractures were easily seen and correctly classified according to the Müller AO classification on MP reconstruction of the ISO-C-3D. There is no significant difference between ISO-C and CT in detection and correct classification of fractures, but ISO-CD-3D is significant by better than CR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of fractures with the ISO-C is better than with plain films alone and comparable to CT scans. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the ISO-C can provide important information which cannot be obtained from plain films. The ISO-C-3D may be useful in planning operative reconstructions and evaluating surgical results in orthopaedic surgery of the limbs.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München-Innenstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotsianos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Linsenmaier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brandl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Euler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mutschler
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis*