title: Stanford presenteeism scale: health status and employee productivity.
abstract: Workforce productivity has become a critical factor in the strength and sustainability of a company's overall business performance. Absenteeism affects productivity; however, even when employees are physically present at their jobs, they may experience decreased productivity and below-normal work quality--a concept known as decreased presenteeism. This article describes the creation and testing of a presenteeism scale evaluating the impact of health problems on individual performance and productivity. A total of 175 county health employees completed the 34-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-34). Using these results, we identified six key items to describe presenteeism, resulting in the SPS-6. The SPS-6 has excellent psychometric characteristics, supporting the feasibility of its use in measuring health and productivity. Further validation of the SPS-6 on actual presenteeism (work loss data) or health status (health risk assessment or utilization data) is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5718, USA. koopman@leland.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Sharda
authors.forename: Marc L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Robin S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Turpin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hackleman
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Talor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bendel
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology