title: Effect of pamidronate on distraction osteogenesis and fixator-related osteoporosis.
abstract: We examined the effect on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and mechanical properties of a single 1.0 mg/kg dose of the bisphosphonate pamidronate (Novartis), in a distraction osteogenesis model in immature rabbits. Twenty rabbits underwent a tibial osteotomy. Ten rabbits received pamidronate 1.0 mg/kg via ear vein intra-operatively while 10 received saline infusions only. After a 24 h latency, all underwent distraction of 0.375 mm twice daily for 15 days. The animals were culled at 42 days. After culling, the distracted and non-distracted tibiae were examined by quantitative computer tomography (QCT). The volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD, mg/cm(3)) in the bone proximal and distal to the regenerate in the operated limb was increased by a mean of 11 and 14%, respectively, compared to controls (P<0.05). The vBMD of the regenerate bone was increased by a mean of 8% over controls (NS, P=0.17). The bone mineral content (BMC, mg) was increased by 23% (proximal and distal) (P<0.05) in the bone surrounding the lengthening and there was a 17% trend towards an increase in the regenerate (NS, P=0.3). Four-point bending analysis documented that the load to failure was increased by 32% from 436 to 574 N (P<0.01) in the pamidronate group. The modulus of elasticity was not different between the control and pamidronate groups (P=0.3), and in both groups was only approximately one-third of the intact tibiae (P<0.001). The administration of a single dose of pamidronate can improve the bone mineral density, content and mechanical properties of a bone undergoing distraction osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia. davidl3@chw.edu.au
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hile
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Briody
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Cowell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bilston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004548:Elasticity / Q000187:drug effects; D016267:External Fixators / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000077268:Pamidronate; D011817:Rabbits; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D008903:Minerals; D000077268:Pamidronate