title: Supplemental corticosteroids for dental patients with adrenal insufficiency: reconsideration of the problem.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency, or AI, may be at risk of experiencing adrenal crisis during or after invasive procedures. Since the mid-1950s, supplemental steroids in rather large doses have been recommended for patients with AI to prevent adrenal crisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the need for supplemental steroids in these patients, the authors searched the literature from 1966 to 2000 using MEDLINE and textbooks for information that addressed AI and adrenal crisis in dentistry. Reference lists of relevant publications and review articles also were examined for information about the topic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review identified only four reports of purported adrenal crisis in dentistry. Factors associated with the risk of adrenal crisis included the magnitude of surgery, the use of general anesthetics, the health status and stability of the patient, and the degree of pain control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limited number of reported cases strongly suggests that adrenal crisis is a rare event in dentistry, especially for patients with secondary AI, and most routine dental procedures can be performed without glucocorticoid supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors identify risk conditions for adrenal crisis and suggest new guidelines to prevent this problem in dental patients with AI.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, 800 Rose St., Lexington, Ky. 40536-0297, USA. cmiller@pop.uky.edu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Falace
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012769:Shock / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids