title: How geriatricians identify elder abuse and neglect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to 2 million elderly persons are abused or neglected in the United States each year. Although elderly patients see their physicians an average of five times per year, physicians make only a small percentage of reports to Adult Protective Services (APS) agencies. The purpose of this study was to learn how practicing geriatricians define, diagnose, and address abuse and neglect to provide some guidance to the busy general internist regarding this complex issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten local geriatricians were interviewed with a standardized set of open-ended questions. A team analyzed the verbatim transcriptions using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of cases diagnosed per year was 8.7 (range, 2-20). The geriatricians were fairly consistent in their definitions of elder abuse and neglect and how they diagnosed it through the history and physical exam. The most common findings in the history were rapport between the patient and caregiver, medical noncompliance, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living assessments, and loss of social activities. The most common findings on the physical exam were bruising/trauma, general appearance/hygiene, malnutrition, and dehydration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The geriatricians emphasized keeping the diagnosis of abuse and neglect in mind for every patient. A variety of interventions were employed by physicians and ranged from automatically calling APS on each case to addressing cases through work with an interdisciplinary geriatrics team.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: Christine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Toronjo
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Valory N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Pavlik
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Carmel Bitondo
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Dyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004552:Elder Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005853:Geriatrics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors