title: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: report of three cases.
abstract: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of osseous and cartilaginous submucosal nodules in the tracheobronchial tree. The majority of patients remain asymptomatic; however, a small number develop severe airway stenosis. Symptoms may include dyspnea, hoarseness, cough, hemoptysis, and recurrent pneumonia. Plain chest X-ray films are often unremarkable but may demonstrate atelectasis, consolidation, tracheal nodularity, or narrowing. CT reveals tracheal nodularity with calcification and narrowing. This article reviews the cross-sectional imaging characteristics of TO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zack
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rozenshtein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*