title: RET activation and clinicopathologic features in poorly differentiated thyroid tumors.
abstract: Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland (PDC) represents an heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with morphologic features and clinical characteristics intermediate between well differentiated and anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinomas. Unlike well differentiated tumors, PDCs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The general prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangement in thyroid PDC and its impact on patient outcome are unknown. To address these issues and to identify prognostically relevant clinicopathologic parameters, we have investigated a series of 62 PDCs. RET/PTC rearrangement, analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for the tyrosine kinase and juxtamembrane portions of the RET protein, was identified in 8/62 (12.9%) PDCs. RET/PTC was more common in cases with histologic evidence indicating coexistence with or possible evolution from a well differentiated papillary carcinoma (5 of 25 tumors, 20%) but did not correlate with other clinicopathologic parameters. The relatively low prevalence of RET activation in PDCs argues against a major role for RET/PTC in the progression from well to poorly differentiated thyroid tumor phenotypes. Survival analysis demonstrates that poor survival in PDC is associated with old age, male sex, invasion of extrathyroidal soft tissues, coexistence in the same tumor of oncocytic features with insular growth pattern, and distant metastases but not RET activation.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papotti
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiappetta
authors.forename: Ginesa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia-Rostan
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volante
authors.forename: Chaline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pentimalli
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Carcangiu
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tallini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005260:Female; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C416649:Ret protein, Drosophila; C093573:ret-PTC fusion oncoproteins, human