title: Caries-preventive effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation with or without water mist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation was performed to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on the acquired acid resistance of sound dental hard tissues to artificial caries formation by spectrophotometry, and the ultrastructure of lased areas was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in vitro.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although an Er:YAG laser has shown the most promise for hard tissue ablation, there have not been any dissolution studies to determine if this laser is suitable for caries preventive treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Er:YAG laser was used to irradiate the enamel and dentin samples from 20 extracted human molars at 400 mJ pulse energy with or without water mist. Samples were subjected to 2 microL of 0.1 M lactic acid solution (pH 4.8) for 24 hours at 36 degrees C. The parts per million (ppm) of calcium ion (Ca2+) dissolved in each solution was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the morphological changes were investigated by SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest mean Ca2+ ppm was recorded in the samples irradiated without water mist, in those by irradiated with water mist, and in the unlased samples. SEM observation showed that the lased areas had melted and seemed to be thermally degenerated when irradiated without water mist. After acid demineralization, the thermally degenerated enamel or dentin surfaces were almost unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that Er:YAG laser irradition with and without water mist appears to be more effective for caries prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water