title: Geographical variation in the presence of genes encoding superantigenic exotoxins and beta-hemolysin among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Europe and USA.
abstract: The object was to examine the geographical variation in the presence of superantigenic exotoxins and beta-hemolysin among epidemiologically independent Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. A total of 462 S. aureus isolates from nine European countries and USA were examined for the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E, and H, toxic shock toxin-1 (TSST-1), and beta-hemolysin, and 128 of these were examined for exfoliative toxins A and B. The detection was done by PCR. Phenotypic methods were used to confirm the PCR-results. None of the 128 isolates carried the genes for exfoliative toxin A or B. The total proportion of isolates in which superantigenic exotoxins were detected varied from 2% (one isolate) of the Danish isolates to 65% (32 isolates) of the Norwegian isolates. This marked and highly significant geographical variation was also present for the individual exotoxins. The genes encoding enterotoxin C, TSST-1, and enterotoxin D were the most common superantigens. The present and earlier studies demonstrate that the superantigenic exotoxins that were investigated in this study, do not play a role in the pathogenesis of bovine S. aureus mastitis. In contrast to the geographical variation among superantigenic exotoxins, 97% of the isolates were PCR-positive for and/or produced beta-hemolysin on 5% calf blood agar. Except for three isolates, the Norwegian isolates were PCR-negative, but positive on 5% calf blood agar. Sequence variation in the primer regions in the beta-hemolysin encoding gene of the Norwegian isolates is suggested, and should be investigated further. The consistent presence of beta-hemolysin suggests that this factor, or a co-existing gene correlated to beta-hemolysin, may be an active virulence factor in the pathogenesis of bovine S. aureus mastitis.
authors.affiliation: Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark. hdl@svs.dk
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Aarestrup
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005060:Europe; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018089:Superantigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014481:United States; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005098:Exotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D018089:Superantigens