title: Changes in retinal synaptic proteins in the transgenic model expressing a mutant HRG4 (UNC119).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HRG4 (UNC119) is a photoreceptor synaptic protein, a truncation mutant of which has been shown to cause late-onset cone-rod dystrophy in a patient and retinal degeneration with marked synaptic degeneration in a transgenic model. To investigate the mechanism of the retinal degeneration, the effect of the mutant protein expression on the other synaptic proteins was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The status of 12 known synaptic proteins in the retinas of 5-month- and 13-month-old HRG4 transgenic and control mice was examined by Western blot analysis. Three selected proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescence in the 13-month-old retinas. The 12 proteins were tested for binding to HRG4 by a direct-binding assay and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in three synaptic vesicle proteins and an increase in five cytoplasmic and plasma membrane proteins was detected by Western blot analysis in the older but not the younger transgenic retinas. These changes were demonstrated in both the outer and inner plexiform layers of the retina by immunofluorescence, along with a significant reduction in the thickness of the inner plexiform layer. A 23-kDa specie was found to bind to HRG4, but none of the 12 synaptic proteins matched it, according to immunoblot analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of a mutant HRG4 protein in the photoreceptor synapses of the transgenic model had an intrasynaptic and transsynaptic effect, resulting in a decrease in three synaptic vesicle proteins, an increase in five cytoplasmic and plasma membrane proteins, and a significant reduction in the thickness of the inner plexiform layer. These changes were age dependent, similar to the pathologic phenotype of the transgenic model and the patient, and supported a close relationship of HRG4 with other participants in synaptic vesicle function. This interaction was not mediated by a direct coupling of HRG4 with any of the tested synaptic proteins but possibly through interaction with a 23-kDa protein.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashide
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inana
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000378:metabolism*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D005136:Eye Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C098032:UNC119 protein, human