title: Human retroviruses (HIV and HTLV) in Brazilian Indians: seroepidemiological study and molecular epidemiology of HTLV type 2 isolates.
abstract: To investigate serological, epidemiological, and molecular aspects of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HIV-1 infections in Amerindian populations in Brazil, we tested 683 and 321 sera from Tiriyo and Waiampi Indians, respectively. Both HIV-1 and HTLV-2 infections were detected at low prevalence among the Tiriyos whereas only HTLV-1 was present among the Waiampis, also at low prevalence. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 631 bp of the env gene obtained from the three HTLV-2 isolates detected among the Tiriyos demonstrated by restriction fragment length polymorphism that these viruses belong to subtype IIa. Phylogenetic analysis of this same fragment showed that these sequences cluster closer to HTLV-2 isolates from intravenous drug users living in urban areas of southern Brazil than to the same gene sequence studied in another Brazilian tribe, the Kayapos. Our results confirm the distribution of Brazilian HTLV-2 sequences in a unique cluster I and cluster IIa and suggest that there is a considerable degree of diversity within this cluster. We also report for the first time HIV-1 infection among Brazilian Amerindians.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia 40295-001, Brazil. nshindo@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Nice
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.forename: Luiz C J
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alcantara
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Dooren
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.forename: Maria C R
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Dimas T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.forename: Antônio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teva
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Anne-Mieke
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vandamme
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galvão-Castro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral