title: Cardiac adrenergic innervation is affected in asymptomatic subjects with very early stage of coronary artery disease.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether, in subjects with a very early stage of coronary artery disease without hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses, cardiac adrenergic innervation is already affected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative coronary angiography and dual-isotope SPECT with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) were conducted to assess the function of cardiac adrenergic innervation and myocardial perfusion, respectively, in 30 asymptomatic volunteers with a high familial risk for coronary artery disease. Regional quantitative analysis of MIBG uptake and washout rates was performed using the SPECT data from the anteroseptal, lateral, and inferior myocardial regions, which represented vascular supply by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average severity of stenoses was 33% +/- 11% in the LAD, 29% +/- 14% in the LCX, and 26% +/- 19% in the RCA. The severity of stenosis was not related to MIBI uptake in any corresponding myocardial region at rest or during exercise. However, the degree of LAD stenosis correlated directly with delayed MIBG uptake (r = 0.43; P < 0.05) and inversely with MIBG washout (r = -0.34; P = 0.06) of the anteroseptal myocardium. When subjects were divided into tertiles according to the separate severity of stenosis for each coronary artery, delayed MIBG uptake in the anteroseptal region was significantly lower in the lowest LAD tertile (0.34 +/- 0.05) than in the middle (0.41 +/- 0.06; P < 0.01) or highest (0.43 +/- 0.05; P < 0.001) LAD tertile. Correspondingly, delayed MIBG uptake in the lateral region was also lower in the lowest LCX tertile than in the middle tertile (0.34 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.06, respectively; P < 0.01). Washout rate was also higher in the lowest LAD tertile (44% +/- 7%) than in the middle (36% +/- 10%; P < 0.05) or highest LAD tertile (34% +/- 8%; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of coronary artery stenosis was associated directly with MIBG uptake and inversely with MIBG washout. This finding suggests that the function of cardiac adrenergic nerve endings is modified even in mild coronary artery disease before denervation occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simula
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanninen
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viitanen
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kareinen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pajunen
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Syvänne
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuikka
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartikainen
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi