title: Carcinogenic potential of duodenal reflux juice from patients with long-standing postgastrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether study on the carcinogenic potential of reflux juice from patients with remote gastrectomy could clarify the inherent relationship between duodenal reflux and gastric stump cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 37 reflux juice samples (13 Billroth I, 24 Billroth II) were employed in the present study. A two-stage transformation assay using BALB/c 3T3 cells was carried out to test the initiating or promoting activity of these samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of 18 (11.1%) reflux samples exerted initiating activities, whereas 9/19 (47.4%) samples enhanced the MNNG-initiating cell transformation, suggesting the duodenal reflux juice might more frequently possess the tumor-promoter activity (P = 0.029). In addition, there was no difference in initiating activities of the samples irrespective of surgical procedures (P = 0.488), while Billroth II samples exhibited stronger tumor-promoter activity than Billroth I samples (P = 0.027). Furthermore, the promoter activities were well correlated with the histological changes of the stomas (r(s) = 0.625, P = 0.004), but neither their cytotoxicities nor initiating activities had this correlation (Probabilities were 0.523 and 0.085, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The duodenal reflux juice from patients with remote postgastrectomy did have carcinogenic potential, and suggested that tumor-promoting activity should principally account for the high incidence of gastric cancer in gastrectomy patients. In contrast, it is difficult to explain the high stump-cancer incidence with the N-nitroso compounds theory-a popular theory for the intact stomach carcinogenesis, and it seemed to be justified to focus chemo-prevention of this cancer on the tumor-promoting potential of reflux juice.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China. mazhefu@usa.net
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004383:Duodenogastric Reflux / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005750:Gastric Juice; D018530:Gastric Stump / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens