title: Injectable fillers for facial soft tissue enhancement.
abstract: Soft tissue augmentation materials have been advocated for correction of post-surgical or post-traumatic facial defects, as well as for age-related folds and wrinkles. While autogenous tissues may be the safest option, they require a second operative site. Animal-derived or synthetic materials have been advocated since the late 19th century, and have waxed and waned in popularity. In recent years, we have gained a better understanding of the physical events that occur when material is placed within or below the skin. With this knowledge, we stand at the threshold of a new era, where soft tissue fillers can be designed and customized to suit the individual patient. This article will review the major materials that have been or are now advocated for use as soft tissue fillers, and will detail their relative strengths and weaknesses in order to give the clinician a better perspective when considering a material for soft tissue augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 310 East 14th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sclafani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Romo
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000614:Aminocaproates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D005780:Gelatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D011108:Polymers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015595:Skin Aging; D013635:Tantalum / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013917:Thrombin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000614:Aminocaproates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C068018:Bioplastique; D004338:Drug Combinations; C055487:Fibrel; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D012827:Silicone Oils; C070509:hylan gel; D013635:Tantalum; D005780:Gelatin; D002482:Cellulose; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D013917:Thrombin