title: Efficacy of mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection in Machinga District, Malawi, 1998.
abstract: In response to the spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Malaŵi changed its first-line antimalarial drug in 1993 from chloroquine to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Surveillance data has suggested that resistance to SP may be increasing. We compared the efficacy of SP with a potential successor, mefloquine (MQ). By use of a modified World Health Organization in vivo protocol, children infected with P. falciparum were randomized to receive SP (sulfadoxine 25 mg/kg) or MQ (15 mg/kg). We observed combined RII and RIII parasitologic failures of 20.0 and 22.0% in the SP and MQ arms, respectively. Among those in the MQ arm, the relative hazard of failing with a Day 2 drug level < 500 ng/mL was 10.6 times higher than those with levels > or = 500 ng/mL. Given the decreased efficacy of the first-line antimalarial drug and the high failure rates of MQ at this lower dosage, Malaŵi should consider assessing the efficacy and feasibility of alternative drugs to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA. jmacarthur@cdc.gov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacArthur
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Stennies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macheso
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kolczak
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Barat
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kazembe
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ruebush
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D015767:Mefloquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004338:Drug Combinations; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D015767:Mefloquine; D011739:Pyrimethamine