title: Three proliferating cell nuclear antigen-like proteins found in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix: interactions with the two DNA polymerases.
abstract: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential component in the eukaryotic DNA replication machinery, in which it works for tethering DNA polymerases on the DNA template to accomplish processive DNA synthesis. The PCNA also interacts with many other proteins in important cellular processes, including cell cycle control, DNA repair, and an apoptotic pathway in the domain EUCARYA: We identified three genes encoding PCNA-like sequences in the genome of Aeropyrum pernix, a crenarchaeal archaeon. We cloned and expressed these genes in Escherichia coli and analyzed the gene products. All three PCNA homologs stimulated the primer extension activities of the two DNA polymerases, polymerase I (Pol I) and Pol II, identified in A. pernix to various extents, among which A. pernix PCNA 3 (ApePCNA3) provided a most remarkable effect on both Pol I and Pol II. The three proteins were confirmed to exist in the A. pernix cells. These results suggest that the three PCNAs work as the processivity factor of DNA polymerases in A. pernix cells under different conditions. In Eucarya, three checkpoint proteins, Hus1, Rad1, and Rad9, have been proposed to form a PCNA-like ring structure and may work as a sliding clamp for the translesion DNA polymerases. Therefore, it is very interesting that three active PCNAs were found in one archaeal cell. Further analyses are necessary to determine whether each PCNA has specific roles, and moreover, how they reveal different functions in the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daimon
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawarabayasi
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sako
authors.forename: Yoshizumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishino
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019620:Desulfurococcaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D004257:DNA Polymerase II; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase