title: Restoration of deficient membrane proteins in the cardiomyopathic hamster by in vivo cardiac gene transfer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most important problems in developing in vivo cardiac gene transfer has been low transfection efficiency. A novel in vivo technique was developed, tested in normal hamsters, and the feasibility of restoring a deficient structural protein (delta-sarcoglycan) in the cardiomyopathic (CM) hamster evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenoviral (AdV) vectors encoding either the lacZ gene or delta-sarcoglycan gene were constructed. Hypothermia was achieved in hamsters by external body cooling to a rectal temperature of 18 to 25 degrees C. Through a small thoracotomy, the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery were occluded with snares, and cardioplegic solution containing histamine was injected into the aortic root; viral constructs were delivered 3 to 5 minutes later followed by release of the occluders and rewarming. Four days later, homogeneous beta-galactosidase expression was detected throughout the ventricles of the normal hearts (average 77.3+/-9.0% [SEM] of left ventricular myocytes). At 1 and 3 weeks after transfection, immunostaining showed extensive restoration of delta-sarcoglycan as well as alpha- and beta-sarcoglycan proteins to the myocyte membranes, despite loss of beta-galactosidase expression at 3 weeks. Also, at 3 weeks after gene transfer, there was significantly less progression of left ventricular dysfunction assessed as percent change in fractional shortening compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the feasibility of high efficiency in vivo myocardial gene transfer and shows application in improving the level of a deficient cardiac structural protein and cardiac function in CM hamsters. The approach should be useful for assessing effects of expressing other genes that influence the structure or function of the normal and failing heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0613B, USA.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yusu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshijima
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: Kirk L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006224:Cricetinae; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D049031:Sarcoglycans; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D049031:Sarcoglycans; D006632:Histamine; D001616:beta-Galactosidase