title: Immunohistochemical detection of nestin in pediatric brain tumors.
abstract: Nestin is an intermediate filament protein (IFP) expressed in undifferentiated cells during CNS development and in CNS tumors. Previous studies have arrived at different conclusions in terms of which types of CNS tumors express nestin. In this report we establish an immunohistochemical protocol using antigen retrieval, which significantly enhances staining with two polyclonal anti-nestin antisera, #130 and #4350. The staining pattern was identical for the two nestin antisera and very similar to that of vimentin, while glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), immunoreactivity was absent from 9.5-week-old forebrain. The current study of 20 primary CNS tumors from pediatric patients included seven ependymomas, seven primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), five pilocytic astrocytomas, and one glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). All these tumors expressed nestin to various extents, in contrast to five brain metastases tested. Strong nestin immunoreactivity was found in malignant primary CNS tumors, whereas benign pilocytic astrocytomas showed low but consistent nestin expression. In all tumors nestin immunoreactivity was confined to the cytoplasm of tumor cells and was co-expressed with astrocyte markers vimentin, GFAP, and S-100. Vascular endothelial cells of all neoplasms also showed marked immunoreactivity for nestin and vimentin, whereas they were negative for GFAP and S-100. In conclusion, antiserum #4350 detected nestin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by heat-induced antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry. Nestin was expressed in both highly malignant and low malignant gliomas, indicating the potential use of nestin as a diagnostic tumor marker in surgical pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. per.almqvist@ks.se
authors.forename: Per M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Almqvist
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lendahl
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hendson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000378:metabolism; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D005557:Formaldehyde