title: Telephone reminders are a cost effective way to improve responses in postal health surveys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of a telephone reminder in increasing responses to postal surveys and to calculate the differential costs per completed questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Australian university and rehabilitation medicine practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial was conducted in 1999 among the 143 non-respondents to a questionnaire about work related neck and upper body disorders. The questionnaire was sent to two Australian female samples: 200 office workers (Sample A) and 92 former rehabilitation medicine patients (Sample B). A reminder letter, another copy of the questionnaire and a final letter were sent at two week intervals. Half of the non-respondents within each sample were randomly selected to receive a telephone reminder just after the second mailout of the questionnaire. All direct costs were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were significantly higher among those who received the telephone reminder intervention (relative risk 2.54, 95% confidence intervals 1.43 to 4.52). Analysed by intention to phone, 47% of non-respondents in Sample A and 38% in Sample B returned a complete questionnaire after the intervention, compared with 21% and 10%, respectively, in the control groups. For the 112 women (combined samples) who returned completed questionnaires before randomisation, the average cost per respondent was AUD14. There was a higher total cost for the intervention groups (AUD851 versus AUD386 for controls), but the significantly higher number of additional completed responses (31 versus 12) resulted in a 15% lower marginal cost per completed questionnaire in those groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telephone reminders are cost effective in improving responses to postal surveys.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia. Marluce.Silva@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salim Silva
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bammer
mesh_terms: D020958:Australian Capital Territory / Q000453:epidemiology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D017010:Reminder Systems / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D013689:Telephone