title: Neurochemical organization of the human basal ganglia: anatomofunctional territories defined by the distributions of calcium-binding proteins and SMI-32.
abstract: The distribution of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin-D28K (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR), and of the nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (with SMI-32) was investigated in the human basal ganglia to identify anatomofunctional territories. In the striatum, gradients of neuropil immunostaining define four major territories: The first (T1) includes all but the rostroventral half of the putamen and is characterized by enhanced matriceal PV and SMI-32 immunoreactivity (-ir). The second territory (T2) encompasses most part of the caudate nucleus (Cd) and rostral putamen (PuT), which show enhanced matriceal CB-ir. The third and fourth territories (T3 and T4) comprise rostroventral parts of Cd and PuT characterized by complementary patch/matrix distributions of CB- and CR-ir, and the accumbens nucleus (Acb), respectively. The latter is separated into lateral (prominently enhanced in CB-ir) and medial (prominently enhanced in CR-ir) subdivisions. In the pallidum, parallel gradients also delimit four territories, T1 in the caudal half of external (GPe) and internal (GPi) divisions, characterized by enhanced PV- and SMI-32-ir; T2 in their rostral half, characterized by enhanced CB-ir; and T3 and T4 in their rostroventral pole and in the subpallidal area, respectively, both expressing CB- and CR-ir but with different intensities. The subthalamic nucleus (STh) shows contrasting patterns of dense PV-ir (sparing only the most medial part) and low CB-ir. Expression of CR-ir is relatively low, except in the medial, low PV-ir, part of the nucleus, whereas SMI-32-ir is moderate across the whole nucleus. The substantia nigra is characterized by complementary patterns of high neuropil CB- and SMI-32-ir in pars reticulata (SNr) and high CR-ir in pars compacta (SNc) and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The compartmentalization of calcium-binding proteins and SMI-32 in the human basal ganglia, in particular in the striatum and pallidum, delimits anatomofunctional territories that are of significance for functional imaging studies and target selection in stereotactic neurosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. amorel@nch.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loup
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeanmonod
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D064092:Calbindin 1; D064032:Calbindin 2; D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C576498:CALB1 protein, human; C576764:CALB2 protein, human; D064092:Calbindin 1; D064032:Calbindin 2; D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D010320:Parvalbumins; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G