title: The changing phenomenology of drug death over the years.
abstract: When inspecting the scene the circumstances under which a body is found and the findings on the body surface may give first clues to premortal drug abuse. Besides fresh and/or old injection marks tattoos, underweight and signs of physical neglect, especially after long-term abuse, are mentioned in literature. The incidence of such externally visible physical signs of drug abuse was systematically investigated in 100 consecutive drug deaths occurring from 1995 to 1997. Sixty-eight percent of the bodies were found in the apartments of the deceased or those of friends, 11% in public restrooms or the washrooms of restaurants. The so-called body dumping was seen in three cases. In 61% externally visible, fresh injection marks were found; on dissection of the subcutaneous veins, residues of previous injections were found in 95% of the cases. Tattoos were present in 63%. In 8% there was clear evidence of physical neglect. Eighty-six percent of the drug victims had a normal nutritional status.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. bohnert@sun11.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohnert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hafezi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pollak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D017678:Sex Distribution; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D013653:Tattooing