title: [Oromandibular dystonia. Clinical forms, diagnosis and examples of therapy with botulinum toxin].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study reports on our experience with clinical aspects and therapy of oromandibular dystonia (OMD) with botulinum toxin A. OMD is a very rare form of focal dystonias. The clinical symptoms can vary considerably, depending on the musculature affected.
  
  
  METHODS
  The various clinical forms are described. The description of the diagnostic analysis and the therapy with botulinum toxin A is explained with reference to the patients. In these cases, injections are made into the musculature of the base of the mouth, the muscles involved in chewing, the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and the caudal facial musculature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the patients showed an improvement of their symptoms. The average dose of Botox(R) used was 35.4+/-23.6 units. The duration of the effect was 14+/-9.2 weeks on average.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The therapy for OMD using botulinum toxin A has proved to be successful, the amount of improvement in this form of dystonia is, however, lower in comparison to other forms of mobility disorders in the head and neck region.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik Göttingen, Germany. rlaskawi@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laskawi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A