title: Mortality of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in referral vs population-based settings: influence of stage, ethnicity, and corticosteroid therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the sarcoidosis mortality in referral settings (RS) and population-based settings (PS), and to identify the contribution of stage, ethnicity, and corticosteroid therapy (CST) to their disparate outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  All observational studies identified in a MEDLINE search and bibliographic review published in the English language since 1960 dealing with the course and prognosis of sarcoidosis in large, unsorted, adult, ambulatory RS and PS providing long-term follow-up were reviewed and subjected to meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sarcoidosis mortality in RS (4.8%), in which 17% of patients had the most unfavorable prognosis as judged by stage (stage III), was 10-fold that reported in PS (0.5%), in which 11% of patients were identified at this stage. The magnitude of this disparity could not be accounted for solely by adverse selection, as indicated by stage or by ethnicity. Patients in RS received CST with sevenfold the frequency of PS, and its provision was highly correlated with stage-normalized mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis in PS is far more favorable than that obtained in RS. Sarcoidosis mortality is largely independent of ethnicity. The possibility cannot be excluded that excessive employment of CST may unfavorably influence the long-term course of the disease in some individuals.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest Region, Portland, OR, USA. Reichje@dnamail.com
authors.forename: Jerome M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reich
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D044383:Black People; D002423:Cause of Death; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones