title: Degradation of bleaching gels in vivo as a function of tray design and carbamide peroxide concentration.
abstract: This study determined the degradation of nine bleaching agents with different concentrations after two hours in vivo following the manufacturers' recommendations. The nine carbamide peroxide products are 10%, 15% and 20% Opalescence, 10%, 15% and 22% Rembrandt and 10%, 16% and 22% Nite White Excel 2. Each subject wore the tray with the bleaching agent for two hours on three separate occasions. The amount of remaining carbamide peroxide was determined after each use. Evaluation of remaining amount of carbamide peroxide was calculated by the US Pharmacopeia method. The study showed that the total carbamide peroxide percent recovered was significantly higher for Opalescence products (47% to 54%) compared to Nite White (22% to 25%) and Rembrandt bleaching gels (15% to 16%). It concluded that this difference was mostly due to the use of facial reservoirs with Opalescence products, and also that whitening gel in trays with reservoirs and trays without reservoirs degraded at the same rate.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Section, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Matis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousef
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea