title: A double-blind trial of perindopril and nitrendipine in incipient diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: We conducted a randomised, double-blind multicentre trial to compare the efficacy of the inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) perindopril (P) with nitrendipine (N) in incipient diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus and mild-to-moderate hypertension and stable microalbuminuria were examined. P 4 or 8 mg once daily was compared to N 20 or 40 mg once daily; an optional open combination treatment with indapamide 2.5 mg once daily was given when needed. Main outcome measures were urinary albumin excretion rate, creatinine clearance and isotopic clearance measurements after 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics (blood pressure, HbA1, renal function) were highly comparable between groups. No serious adverse events occurred during the study period. Blood pressure was controlled (<140/90 mmHg) in all patients except for one in each group who dropped out. At the end of the study, albumin excretion rate was stabilized in both groups (P: 72% of baseline, N: 108%, NS). There were no significant differences found in radiometric clearance measurements. Creatinine clearance rose in patients treated with P by 10.0 ml/min on average, while it decreased by 9.8 m/min under N treatment (group effect: p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this head-to-head comparison, P and N were effective in stabilising most parameters of renal function in incipient diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kopf
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bockisch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lehnert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020913:Perindopril / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011507:Proteinuria; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009568:Nitrendipine; D003404:Creatinine; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D020913:Perindopril