title: Glutathione redox regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 production through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in human monocytes: role of glutathione redox in IFN-gamma priming of IL-12 production.
abstract: We examined whether changes in intracellular reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione of human monocytes regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-12 production and defined the molecular mechanism that underlies glutathione redox regulation. Monocytes exposed to glutathione reduced form ethyl ester (GSH-OEt) or maleic acid diethyl ester (DEM) increased or decreased the intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio, respectively. LPS-induced IL-12 production and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation were enhanced by GSH-OEt but suppressed by DEM. Selective p38 inhibitors showed that p38 promoted GSH-OEt-enhanced IL-12 production. Furthermore, IFN-gamma priming increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and enhanced IL-12 production through p38, and DEM negated the priming effect of IFN-gamma on p38 activation and IL-12 production as well as on the GSH/GSSG ratio. These findings reveal that glutathione redox regulates LPS-induced IL-12 production from monocytes through p38 MAP kinase activation and that the priming effect of IFN-gamma on IL-12 production is partly a result of the glutathione redox balance.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utsugi
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dobashi
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamuro
authors.forename: Tsugio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D018664:Interleukin-12; C042431:S-ethyl glutathione; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005978:Glutathione