title: Adenosine rinse in human orthotopic liver transplantation: results of a randomized, double-blind trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was aimed at determining whether the vasodilator, adenosine, shown to produce dramatic improvement in liver graft and animal acute and long-term survival, would be beneficial in human liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of an adenosine rinse preservation solution in human orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) was conducted in 43 consecutive transplants. Intraoperative and postoperative care was performed by a single transplant team utilizing a quadruple drug immunosuppressive protocol, with complete 5-year patient follow-up. At implantation all allografts were flushed with a 4 degrees C (pH 7.4) Normosol solution, with 0.12 mM adenosine or without adenosine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recipient characteristics were similar in the treated and control groups including age, pre-OLTX diagnosis, and United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status. Donor variables were equivalent in the two groups including age, weight, prothrombin time, and serum chemistries. Operative variables showed no differences except a significant (p = 0.006) reduction of veno-venous bypass time in the adenosine treated group. Liver allograft function improved in the adenosine rinse groups as measured by both postoperative bile production (218 +/- 156cc/24h adenosine vs. 116 +/- 78 cc/24 h without adenosine, p = 0.03) and Factor 7 production at day 3 (64 +/- 26% adenosine vs. 51 +/- 20% without adenosine, p = 0.08). The adenosine treated group had an insignificant 10% patient and graft improvement in survival at 6 months to 60 months compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that adenosine added to the intraoperative flush solution during human liver transplantation is safe, does not reduce cardiac stability at reperfusion, improves early liver allograft function, but has an insignificant short- and long-term affect on allograft survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0254, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shiffman
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Contos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beeston
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006648:Histocompatibility; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009926:Organ Preservation; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C017577:normosol R; D000241:Adenosine