title: Musculoskeletal pain is more generalised among people from ethnic minorities than among white people in Greater Manchester.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the major ethnic minority populations of Greater Manchester.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group was a community sample of 2117 adults from the Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and African Caribbean communities. Questionnaires administered by post and by an interviewer were used to assess the presence of any musculoskeletal pain, pain in specific joints, and the level of physical function. Ethnicity was self assigned. The results were compared with those from a recent study in the local white population using the same methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall response rate was 75% among the south Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi community and 47% among the African Caribbean community. The profile of musculoskeletal pain among the ethnic minority groups differed from that in the white population. Although musculoskeletal symptoms were slightly more prevalent among people from ethnic minority groups than among the white population, pain in multiple sites was considerably more common among ethnic minorities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that musculoskeletal pain is more widespread among ethnic minority communities in the UK has not previously been reported. This may reflect social, cultural, and psychological differences. The cause of the differences in the profile of pain and the health needs that follow need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: West Pennine Health Authority, UK. tim.allison@eriding-ha.northy.nhs.uk
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: D P M
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Symmons
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brammah
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roxby
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urwin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001211:Asia, Western / Q000208:ethnology; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000208:ethnology*; D010146:Pain / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence