title: Reduced NK activity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with/without HIV infection: identifying the defective stage and studying the effect of interleukins on NK activity.
abstract: METHODS
  A study was undertaken to understand the non-major histocompatibility restricted cytotoxicity in order to delineate the role of natural killer (NK) cells towards the development of host immunity to tuberculosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (a) Enumeration of NK cell numbers and activity in normal individuals (35), pulmonary tuberculosis patients (32), HIV-infected TB patients (20) and patient contacts (10), (b) effect of treatment on NK status, (c) enumeration of effector-target conjugates and (d) effect of in vitro cytokine stimulation on NK activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  NK cells were enumerated by flow cytometry. NK activity was assessed by chromium release assay before and after treatment for tuberculosis and after stimulation with IL-2/IL-12. Novel flow cytometric method was standardized to enumerate effector-target conjugates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes were seen between different groups as far as number of NK cells and relative proportions of different conjugate types were concerned, but there was a decrease in NK activity in TB patients which increased after treatment. Augmentation of NK activity was observed after cytokine stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lowered NK activity during tuberculosis infection is probably the 'effect' and not the 'cause' for the disease as demonstrated by the follow-up study. Similar number of conjugates in both groups indicates no defect in the recognition/binding step but probably at subsequent steps of the cytotoxic process. Augmentation of NK activity with cytokines implicates them as potential adjuncts to tuberculosis chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis Research Centre, Mayor V.R. Ramanathan Road, Chetput, Chennai, 600 031, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nirmala
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maran
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Deivanayagam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000502:physiology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007378:Interleukins; D018664:Interleukin-12