title: Is reduced quality of life in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to concomitant diseases?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the effect of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on general health in an unselected male population in Finland using a reduction in general health as outcome. A further special focus was on the question of whether the effects can be accounted for by other concomitant health problems or solely by LUTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based questionnaire study among 50-, 60- and 70-year-old men was conducted. The subjects were divided into 5 different groups according to the severity of the LUTS. Odds ratios (ORs) of reduced general health with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were counted for every group and the effects of age and diseases were controlled. The population etiologic fraction was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude relative risks of reduced general health increased with any of the LUTS compared to men not having LUTS. Adjustment for age and concomitant diseases reduced the ORs, but the associations remained similar. Relatively the effect of adjustment was greatest in men with several and serious symptoms, i.e. in men with the highest scores (OR 11.1 vs. 6.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LUTS and perceived general health are strongly correlated. About half of the association was accounted for by age and concomitant diseases, but the other half of the crude effect would appear to be independent of these factors. Severe LUTS severely affects the general health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, and School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Finland. jkoskimaki@koti.soon.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskimäki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*