title: Molecular basis of the specific subcellular localization of the C2-like domain of 5-lipoxygenase.
abstract: The activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) involves its calcium-dependent translocation to the nuclear envelope, where it catalyzes the two-step transformation of arachidonic acid into leukotriene A(4), leading to the synthesis of various leukotrienes. To understand the mechanism by which 5-LO is specifically targeted to the nuclear envelope, we studied the membrane binding properties of the amino-terminal domain of 5-LO, which has been proposed to have a C2 domain-like structure. The model building, electrostatic potential calculation, and in vitro membrane binding studies of the isolated C2-like domain of 5-LO and selected mutants show that this Ca(2+)-dependent domain selectively binds zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine, which is conferred by tryptophan residues (Trp(13), Trp(75), and Trp(102)) located in the putative Ca(2+)-binding loops. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the enhanced green fluorescence protein-tagged C2-like domain of 5-LO and mutants in living cells also show that the phosphatidylcholine selectivity of the C2-like domain accounts for the specific targeting of 5-LO to the nuclear envelope. Together, these results show that the C2-like domain of 5-LO is a genuine Ca(2+)-dependent membrane-targeting domain and that the subcellular localization of the domain is governed in large part by its membrane binding properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Sudipto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Wonhwa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D055672:Static Electricity; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology*; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D002118:Calcium