title: Digital hand-held sonography utilised for the focused assessment with sonography for trauma: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam performed with a digital hand-held ultrasound machine in the emergency evaluation and resuscitation of trauma victims.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The FAST exam is a valuable screening tool in the evaluation of abdominal trauma. New digital ultrasound units have recently become available which can be hand-carried by clinicians responding to the earliest phases of trauma care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven victims of blunt trauma and 3 victims of penetrating trauma underwent FAST examinations performed by an attending trauma surgeon. Scans were performed with a Sonosite 180, 2.4-kg machine utilising a 5-2 MHz curved array transducer. The results of the hand-held FAST were compared with formal sonographic examinations performed by radiology department personnel, computed tomographic (CT) studies, operative findings and ultimate hospital course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In victims of blunt trauma, 7 of 8 true fluid collections were detected, and 38 out of 39 cases without the presence of fluid were correctly excluded. There was 1 false positive and 1 false negative determination, resulting in a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 97%. The overall accuracy was 96% for victims of blunt trauma. The technique expediently detected intra-peritoneal bleeding in 2 victims of lateral penetrating abdominal trauma. Utilised as the initial component of a diagnostic protocol, no inappropriate management strategies were suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Digital hand-held sonography by clinicians can accurately allow the early performance of FAST exams. This exam may accurately and safely extend the physical senses of the examining physician.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Services, Vancouver Hospital & Health Sciences Centre, 3rd Floor, 855 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L7, Canada. akirkpat@vanhosp.bc.ca
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicolaou
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002170:Canada; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012151:Resuscitation; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*