title: Influence of sheep breed and application site on the efficacy of a flumethrin pour-on formulation against ticks.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of application site and sheep breed on the efficacy of a flumethrin (1% m/v) solution for the control of 'bont'-legged (Hyalomma spp.) and red-legged ticks (Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi). This study was conducted from November 1996 to February 1997 on 3 farms in the southwestern Free State Province. Two trials were conducted on Dorper sheep and 2 on Merino sheep. For each specific application 30 sheep were selected and allocated to 3 groups of 10 animals each using randomisation through minimisation, with pre-treatment total tick count as only criterion. Groups consisted of an untreated control group, a group treated with 3 ml of a flumethrin (1% m/v) solution applied only to the anogenital region, and a group treated at a dose rate of 1 mf flumethrin (1% m/v)/5 kg host body mass. The total dose volume for animals in the last group was divided into 3 equal parts and applied to the brisket/axillae, groin and anogenital regions respectively. Animals grazed under extensive farming conditions and were infested by ticks that occurred naturally in the environment. Ticks were counted and removed weekly over a 6-week period. In all 4 trials, Rhipicephalus e. evertsi was the dominant tick species, followed, in 3 of the trials, by Hyalomma spp. Efficacy (%) of control against ticks for Dorper sheep, treated only on the anogenital region, was variable, ranging between 29.5 and 97%. In Merino sheep the efficacy values ranged between 23.1 and 90 %. The site-spcific (anogenital region) efficacy of control against ticks infesting Merino sheep was in general 100% or almost 100%. In Dorper sheep the efficacy values were >80 % for 3-5 weeks. The efficacy (%) of control against ticks for sheep treated on the brisket/axillae, groin and anogenital regions was always higher compared to sheep treated only on the anogenital region. In Dorper sheep, efficacy of control was >80 % for up to 4 weeks and in Merino sheep >80 % for 6 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. fourielj@sci.uovs.ac.za
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Peter
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D026863:Ixodidae; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013983:Tick Control; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011722:Pyrethrins; C041392:flumethrin