title: In nonhuman primates intracarotid adenosine, but not sodium nitroprusside, increases cerebral blood flow.
abstract: Intracarotid infusion of short-acting vasodilators, such as adenosine and nitroprusside, in doses that lack significant systemic side effects, may permit controlled manipulation of cerebrovascular resistance. In this experiment we assessed changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after intracarotid infusion of nitroprusside and adenosine. The study was conducted on six adult baboons under isoflurane anesthesia and controlled ventilation. Intracarotid drug infusion protocol avoided hypotension during nitroprusside infusion and tested for autoregulatory vasoconstriction. CBF (intraarterial (133)Xe technique) was measured four times during infusions of 1) intracarotid saline, 2) IV phenylephrine (0.2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) aimed to increase mean arterial pressure by 10-15 mm Hg, 3) IV phenylephrine and intracarotid nitroprusside (0.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)), and 4) intracarotid adenosine (1 mg/min). IV phenylephrine increased mean arterial pressure (69 +/- 8 to 91 +/- 9 mm Hg, P < 0.0001, n = 6), and concurrent infusion of intracarotid nitroprusside reversed this effect. However, compared with baseline, CBF did not change with IV phenylephrine or with concurrent infusion of IV phenylephrine and intracarotid nitroprusside. Intracarotid adenosine profoundly increased CBF (from 29 +/- 8 to 75 +/- 32 mL x 100 g(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.0001). In nonhuman primates, intracarotid adenosine increases CBF in doses that lack significant systemic side effects, whereas intracarotid nitroprusside has no effect. Intracarotid adenosine may be useful for manipulating cerebrovascular resistance and augmenting CBF during cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraarterial (133)Xe cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements suggest that intracarotid adenosine, in a dose that lacks significant systemic side effects, profoundly increases CBF, whereas nitroprusside has no effect.(5-12)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. sj121@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Shailendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Houng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Sundeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangla
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Adam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Libow
authors.forename: Sulli J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Popilskis
authors.forename: Noeleen D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ostapkovich
authors.forename: Theodore S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pile-Spellman
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006706:Homeostasis; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010215:Papio; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D000241:Adenosine