title: A treatment for vocal cord dysfunction in female athletes: an outcome study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reports the outcome of a speech pathology treatment program for vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) in 20 adolescent female athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, nonrandomized group design was used to collect the outcome data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive referrals of female athletes diagnosed as having symptoms of VCD during exercise were assessed, treated, and followed for at least 6 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-five percent of the participants reported the ability to control symptoms of VCD during exercise up to 6 months after treatment. Asthma medications were no longer used by 80% of the athletes. All of the females continued to participate in athletics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speech pathology intervention focusing on respiratory control of VCD in adolescent female athletes is an effective treatment resulting in the athletes' ability to control the symptoms of VCD in exercise for at least 6 months after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech/Language Pathology, Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, NE 68198-5450, USA. mdsulliv@unmc.edu
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Heywood
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Beukelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology; D013177:Sports; D014827:Vocal Cords; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*