title: Biexponential transverse relaxation (T(2)) of the proton MRS creatine resonance in human brain.
abstract: Differences in proton MRS T(2) values for phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr) methyl groups (3.0 ppm) were investigated in studies of phantoms and human brain. Results from phantom studies revealed that T(2) of PCr in solution is significantly shorter than T(2) of Cr. Curve-fitting results indicated that the amplitude-TE curves of the total Cr resonance at 3.0 ppm in human brain (N = 26) fit a biexponential decay model significantly better than a monoexponential decay model (P < 0.006), yielding mean T(2) values of 117 +/- 21 ms and 309 +/- 21 ms. Using a localized, long-TE (272 ms) point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) proton MRS during 2 min of photic stimulation (PS), an increase of 12.1% +/- 3.5% in the mean intensity of the total Cr resonance in primary visual cortex (VI) was observed at the end of stimulation (P < 0.021). This increase is consistent with the conversion of 26% of PCr in VI to Cr, which is concordant with (31)P MRS findings reported by other investigators. These results suggest a significantly shorter T(2) for PCr than for Cr in vivo. This difference possibly could be exploited to quantify regional activation in functional spectroscopy studies, and could also lead to inaccuracies in some circumstances when the Cr resonance is used as an internal standard for (1)H MRS studies in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital and Consolidated Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA. yong_ke@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lowen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirashima
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012016:Reference Values; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine