title: Affinity binding of glycosaminoglycans with beta(2)-microglobulin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A constant finding in beta (2)-microglobulin (beta 2m) amyloidosis is an increase in tissue heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans (PGs) at sites of amyloid deposits. However, the binding characteristics of PGs with beta 2m have not been elucidated yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using affinity retardation chromatography, beta 2m- and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-anchored columns, an affinity between beta 2m and GAGs was analyzed. Five peptides which spanned the entire beta 2m amino acid sequence were prepared, and an affinity between these peptides and heparin (HP) was examined. Furthermore, the specific binding of biotinylated beta 2m peptide for AA amyloid deposits via GAGs was examined on tissue sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using beta 2m-anchored column, HP showed the smallest dissociation constant (K(d)), i.e. the strongest affinity, among the GAGs examined. At 0.4 M NaCl, the K(d)s of beta 2m relative to BSA-anchored columns for HP, HS, CS-A, CS-B, and CS-C were 94, 620, 130, 660 and 190 microM, respectively. Using GAG-anchored columns, at 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4, beta 2m also showed an affinity for HP, with the K(d) relative to a reference column being 370 microM. Under the latter conditions, no beta 2m affinity for CSA was demonstrated. Among the five peptides, peptide-1, which is composed of residues 1-24, showed the highest affinity for HP, the K(d) being 190 microM. Peptides analogous to peptide-1, in which each basic amino acid was individually replaced by alanine, showed a remarkable decrease in affinity for HP. The specific binding of biotinylated beta 2m peptide for AA amyloid deposits via HS and CS was confirmed in situ by pretreatment with heparitinase and chondroitinase ABC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data indicate that HP/HS is effective in the binding of the beta 2m monomer, and the anatomic localization of beta 2m amyloid precursor protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. ohashi.k-k@komagome-hospital.bunkyo.tokyo.jp
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kisilevsky
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagishita
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D011485:Protein Binding; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin