title: Management of malignant extrinsic compression of the ureter by simultaneous placement of two ipsilateral ureteral stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extrinsic ureteral obstruction caused by various malignancies often necessitates urinary diversion. The use of single ureteral stents as a form of urinary diversion results in a high failure rate, while the use of two ipsilateral stents has shown promising results. We report our experience using the latter technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and 2001, four male and three female patients with a mean age of 65 years (range 37-95 years) who had extrinsic compression of the ureters underwent single stent management to relieve obstruction. Ureteral obstruction was secondary to prostate cancer (N = 3), cervical cancer (2), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1), and transitional-cell cancer of the bladder and ureter (1). After failure of such management, two 7F stents or a combination of 8F/6F double-J ureteral stents were placed. The stents were changed every 4 to 6 months. Follow-up included serial renal ultrasound scans and serum creatinine measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ureteral stricture length ranged from 2 to 4 cm. Insertion of two double-J ureteral stents in a single ureter was successful in all cases. During the mean follow-up of 16 months (range 1-38 months), the ureteral stents were tolerated by all patients, without significant discomfort. Marked improvement of hydronephrosis and alleviation of flank pain was noted in all patients. Three patients have died at 1 to 3 months. Renal function improved, with a mean decline in the serum creatinine concentration from 3.2 mg/dL to 1.48 mg/dL in the five patients tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous placement of two double-J ureteral stents for the management of ureteral obstruction secondary to a malignancy is a safe and effective technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center Campus, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rotariu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yohannes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexianu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucan
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine