title: Recreational physical activity and risk of papillary thyroid cancer (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise has been hypothesized to influence cancer risk through a variety of mechanisms including hormonal, metabolic and immunologic effects, yet its relation with the risk of thyroid cancer has not been examined. We conducted a population-based case-control study in women aged 18-64 in three counties of western Washington State to assess the relation of recreational physical activity with risk of papillary thyroid cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 558 women with thyroid cancer of the follicular epithelium diagnosed during 1988-1994 who were identified as eligible, 468 (83.9%) were interviewed; this analysis was restricted to women with papillary histology (n = 410). Controls (n = 574) were identified by random digit dialing, with a response proportion of 73.6%. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and associated confidence intervals (CI) estimating the relative risk of papillary thyroid cancer associated with various aspects of recreational exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of thyroid cancer was reduced among women who reported that they engaged in regular recreational exercise during the 2 years before diagnosis relative to women who did not report exercise during that time period (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.98). A similar risk reduction was noted among women who reported having exercised regularly between ages 12 and 21 (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.64-1.1). However, no clear associations with aspects of recreational activity, including average hours exercised per week or weekly energy expenditure, were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide some initial support for the hypothesis that physical activity may reduce risk of thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Remler
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Wicklund
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Daling
mesh_terms: D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011998:Recreation / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health