title: Automatic scoliosis detection based on local centroids evaluation on moiré topographic images of human backs.
abstract: This paper presents a technique for automating human scoliosis detection by computer based on moiré topographic images of human backs. Scoliosis is a serious disease often suffered by teenagers. For prevention, screening is performed at schools in Japan employing a moiré method in which doctors inspect moiré images of subjects' backs visually. The inspection of a large number of moiré images collected by the school screening causes exhaustion of doctors and leads to misjudgment. Computer-aided diagnosis of scoliosis has, therefore, been requested eagerly by orthopedists. To automate the inspection process, unlike existent three-dimensional techniques, displacement of local centroids is evaluated two-dimensionally between the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the moiré images in the present technique. The technique was applied to real moiré images to draw a distinction between normal and abnormal cases. According to the leave-out method, the entire 120 image data (60 normal and 60 abnormal) were separated into three data sets. The linear discriminant function based on Mahalanobis distance was defined on the two-dimensional feature space employing one of the data sets containing 40 moiré images and classified 80 images in the remaining two sets. The technique finally achieved the average classification rate of 88.3%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Japan. kimhs@is.cntl.kyutech.ac.jp
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Viergever
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001331:Automation; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015903:Moire Topography; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology