title: Negative regulation of CD95 ligand gene expression by vitamin D3 in T lymphocytes.
abstract: Fas (APO-1/CD95) and its ligand (FasL/CD95L) are cell surface proteins whose interaction activates apoptosis of Fas-expressing targets. In T lymphocytes, the Fas/FasL system regulates activation-induced cell death, a fundamental mechanism for negative selection of immature T cells in the thymus and for maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Aberrant expression of Fas and FasL has also been implicated in diseases in which the lymphocyte homeostasis is compromised, and several studies have described the pathogenic functions of Fas and FasL in vivo, particularly in the induction/regulation of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is a secosteroid hormone that activates the nuclear receptor vitamin D(3) receptor (VDR), whose immunosuppressive activities have been well studied in different models of autoimmune disease and in experimental organ transplantation. We and others have recently described the molecular mechanisms responsible for the negative regulation of the IFN-gamma and IL-12 genes by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in activated T lymphocytes and macrophages/dendritic cells. In this study, we describe the effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the activation of the fasL gene in T lymphocytes. We show that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibits activation-induced cell death, fasL mRNA expression, and that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-activated VDR represses fasL promoter activity by a mechanism dependent on the presence of a functional VDR DNA-binding domain and ligand-dependent transcriptional activation domain (AF-2). Moreover, we identified a minimal region of the promoter containing the transcription start site and a noncanonical c-Myc-binding element, which mediates this repression. These results place FasL as a novel target for the immunoregulatory activities of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and confirm the interest for a possible pharmacological use of this molecule and its derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy. marco.cippitelli@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cippitelli
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fionda
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Bona
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006801:Humans; D006825:Hybridomas / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D002762:Cholecalciferol