Nitric oxide, mitochondria, and cell death.
NO or its derivatives (reactive nitrogen species: RNS) have three types of actions on mitochondria: 1) reversible inhibition of mitochondrial respiration at cytochrome oxidase by NO, and irreversible inhibition at multiple sites by RNS; 2) stimulation of mitochondrial production of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite by NO; and 3) induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) by RNS. Similarly there are three main roles of mitochondria in NO-induced cell death: a) NO inhibition of respiration can induce necrosis (or excitotoxicity in neurons) and inhibit apoptosis if glycolysis is insufficient to compensate, b) RNS- or oxidant-induced signal transduction or DNA damage may activate the mitochondrial pathway to apoptosis, and c) RNS-induced MPT may induce apoptosis or necrosis.
Brown
G C
GC
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. gcb@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
Borutaite
V
V
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009336:Necrosis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide