title: Does cartoon movie distraction decrease burned children's pain behavior?
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cartoon movie viewing as a practical and low-cost intervention to decrease burned children's pain behavior during dressing changes. Thirteen children, 4 to 12 years of age, with a mean TBSA burn of 7.9% were assessed using a reversal, single-subject experimental design. The experimental condition consisted of the presentation of a cartoon movie as a nonpharmacologic intervention in conjunction with a standardized analgesic medication. In the control condition children's pain was treated with the standardized analgesic medication only. Behavioral distress was measured during the first six dressing changes postburn with the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress. No significant effect of cartoon movie distraction on observed behavioral distress in patients was found. Interrater reliability of the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress was good (kappa =.87-.98). Wound debridement was found to be the most painful part of the dressing change. A simple, easily applicable, and low-cost distraction intervention such as presenting cartoon movies does not seem to be sufficiently powerful to measurably reduce burned children's distress during dressing changes. Findings are based on purely observational data. Inclusion of self-report measures in future studies might reveal intervention effects on anxiety and subjective pain perception.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Burn Center, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Landolt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meuli
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D001458:Bandages; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D002359:Cartoons as Topic; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*