title: The influence of stirring rate on biopharmaceutical properties of Eudragit RS microspheres.
abstract: Eudragit RS microspheres containing pipemidic acid, as a model drug, were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using an acetone/liquid paraffin solvent system. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of stirring rate on the average particle size, particle morphology, drug content and release kinetics, as well as the influence of particle size on microsphere morphology, drug content and release kinetics. Stirring rate has been found to significantly influence the average diameter of microspheres. The average diameter decreases as the stirring rate increases. This can be explained by production of a finer dispersion of droplets when higher stirring rates are applied and, consequently, by the formation of smaller microspheres. With increasing stirring rate and increasing fraction particle size the drug content also increases. It is assumed that this dependence is a consequence of an uneven diffusion of the drug from the inner to the outer emulsion phase, and an uneven encapsulation of drug particles during the preparation. Drug release follows the Higuchi model. As seen from SEM photographs, larger microspheres are more porous and the microspheres produced at higher stirring rates are more porous than those produced at lower stirring rates. This explains the unexpected finding that the release rate increases as the fraction particle size and the stirring rate increase.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. tatjana.mateovic@ffa.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mateovic
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kriznar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogataj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mrhar
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D010876:Pipemidic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004655:Emulsions; C050528:Eudragit RS; D010876:Pipemidic Acid