title: Genotoxic activity of extractable organic matter from urban airborne particles in Shanghai, China.
abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of air pollution on the population in Shanghai. The genotoxicity of extractable organic matter (EOM) from the air particles was investigated by the means of the Salmonella plate incorporation assay, rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA repair assay, and mice micronuclei test. The airborne particles were collected in 13 locations during the summer of 1992 and winter of 1993. The crude extracts were fractionated by acid-base partitioning into acid, base and neutral fractions. The neutral fractions were further fractionated by resin-silica gel column chromatography into three subfractions. The induction of revertants with the crude extracts was higher in winter samples than in summer samples. Both indirect-acting and direct-acting mutagenicity were observed. The mutagenicity was detected with TA98, but was not detected with TA100. The mutagenic activity was the greatest in the acid, aromatic and polar fractions from summer samples. The fractions from the winter samples did not show clear differences. There was no substantial location-related variance in the mutagenic potencies of EOM, but substantial location- or time-related variances in the mutagenic potencies of the airborne particles per cubic meter air were found. While rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay revealed genotoxicity for all the samples, there was no big variance in the genotoxicity of the fractions. The mouse micronuclei test showed results similar to the UDS assay. The difference of locality did not have statistical significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China. xszhao@bu.edu
authors.forename: Xiansi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huigang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shunhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jiaqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000378:metabolism; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D009154:Mutation; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D004247:DNA