title: Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in central Italy.
abstract: The performance of 4 constructed wetlands designed by IRIDRA Srl and operating in Tuscany (central Italy) has been monitored during the last three years. The 4 treatment systems have different sizes and characteristics: one single stage secondary treatment (150 p.e.); two secondary treatment plants with effluent reuse: one small (60 p.e) and the other big (350 p.e.); a tertiary treatment of effluents from an activated sludge plant with high hydraulic load fluctuation (5-500 p.e.). Due to geographical and economic constraints the four systems have high hydraulic and organic loading rates, neverthless the systems show very good removal performance of COD (62-95%), especially the ones with higher inflow COD concentrations (87-95%). Interesting results concerning also removal percentage of MBAS (42-88%) and ammonium (42-85%) were obtained, even though NH4+ concentration in the outflows of some of the plants, doesn't always comply with Italian quality standards.
authors.affiliation: IRIDRA S.r.l., Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martinuzzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giovannelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masi
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005843:Geography; D007558:Italy; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants; D011786:Quality Control; D012621:Seasons; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen