title: Estimated cost effectiveness of a police automated external defibrillator program in a suburban community: 7 years experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost effectiveness of a 7-year police automatic external defibrillator (AED) program in four suburban communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  10-year retrospective study (7/89-7/99) of patients of four suburban communities during two study periods: (1) police first response and advanced life support (ALS) care (No-AED) and; (2) AED equipped police first response (P-AED) with subsequent ALS care. Using the perspective of the communities, we obtained costs of AED program from police agencies. We estimated cost/life saved and cost/year lives saved using decreased time to VF shock by EMS. We performed a sensitivity analysis for estimates of potential benefit using estimated improved survival as a result of decreased EMS response interval and obtained survival data. We used literature-based estimates of life expectancy after cardiac arrest survival to estimate cost/year life saved. We used student's t-test and chi(2) to estimate differences between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 10-year study period 208 patients met study criteria; (81 No-AED, 128 P-AED). The two groups were not different by patient age, ALS response interval, percent in VF, percent witnessed (WIT), or arrest location. Interval to first defibrillator equipped EMS vehicle arrival was less in the P-AED group (2.0 vs. 5.4 min, P<0.001) as was the interval from the emergency (911) call to first VF shock (6.6 vs. 8.4 min, P=0.02). Survival to DC was not statistically different with P-AED (11.9 vs. 9.9%, P=0.66) but this study was not powered to detect a difference. Estimated cost per life saved with P-AED varied from $23542 to $70342 and cost per year life saved ranged from $1582 to $16060.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Police AED appears to be a cost-effective intervention in these suburban communities which have relatively rapid EMS response intervals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W. 13 Mile Road., Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Forrer
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Swor
authors.forename: Raymond E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Rebecca G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McEachin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001331:Automation; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016495:Police; D011336:Probability; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013383:Suburban Population; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States