title: A Gi-dependent pathway is required for activation of the small GTPase Rap1B in human platelets.
abstract: Stimulation of human platelets by cross-linking of the low affinity receptor for immunoglobulin, FcgammaRIIA, caused the rapid activation of the small GTPase Rap1B, as monitored by accumulation of the GTP-bound form of the protein. This process was totally dependent on the action of secreted ADP since it was completely prevented in the presence of either apyrase or creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase. Dose-dependent experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect of ADP scavengers was not related to the reduced increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in stimulated platelets. Activation of Rap1B induced by clustering of FcgammaRIIA was totally suppressed by AR-C69931MX, a specific antagonist of the G(i)-coupled ADP receptor P2Y12, but was not affected by blockade of the G(q)-coupled receptor, P2Y1. Similarly, direct stimulation of platelets with ADP induced the rapid activation of Rap1B. Pharmacological blockade of the P2Y1 receptor totally prevented ADP-induced Ca(2+) mobilization but did not affect activation of Rap1B. By contrast, prevention of ADP binding to the P2Y12 receptor totally suppressed activation of Rap1B without affecting Ca(2+) signaling. In platelets stimulated by cross-linking of FcgammaRIIA, inhibition of Rap1B activation by ADP scavengers could be overcome by the simultaneous recruitment of the G(i)-coupled alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor by epinephrine. By contrast, serotonin, which binds to a G(q)-coupled receptor, could not restore activation of Rap1B. When tested alone, epinephrine was found to be able to induce GTP binding to Rap1B, whereas serotonin produced only a slight effect. Finally, activation of Rap1B induced by stimulation of the G(q)-coupled thromboxane A(2) receptor by was completely inhibited by ADP scavengers under conditions in which intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization was unaffected. Inhibition of -induced Rap1B activation was also observed upon blockade of the P2Y12 but not of the P2Y1 receptor for ADP. These results demonstrate that stimulation of a G(i)-dependent signaling pathway by either ADP of epinephrine is necessary and sufficient to activate the small GTPase Rap1B.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lova
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paganini
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sinigaglia
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balduini
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torti
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019281:Dimerization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C080568:Fc gamma receptor IIA; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; C117446:cangrelor; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; C116753:RAP1B protein, human; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium; D004837:Epinephrine