title: Increased fructose concentrations in blood and urine in patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate fructose metabolic changes in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and urinary fructose concentrations were determined in healthy subjects (n = 23) and in nondiabetic (n = 23) and diabetic patients (n = 26). Fructose was measured using our newly developed method, and (13)C(6)-fructose was used as the internal standard. After adding sample to a fixed amount of internal standard, ion-exchange resins and high-performance liquid chromatography pretreatments were performed. Then, the amount of fructose in the sample was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum fructose concentrations in patients with diabetes (12.0 +/- 3.8 micromol/l) were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (8.1 +/- 1.0 micromol/l, P < 0.001) and nondiabetic patients (7.7 +/- 1.6 micromol/l, P < 0.001), and daily urinary fructose excretion was significantly greater in patients with diabetes (127.8 +/- 106.7 micromol/day) than in nondiabetic patients (37.7 +/- 23.0 micromol/day, P < 0.001). In patients with diabetes (n = 20), serum fructose concentrations (8.6 +/- 1.8 micromol/l, P < 0.001) and daily urinary fructose excretion (63.4 +/- 63.8 micromol/day, P < 0.01) significantly decreased by week 2 after admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results differed from those of previous studies in that we found that the serum and urinary fructose concentrations decreased rapidly, concomitant with an improvement in glycemia. Therefore, hyperglycemia was associated with increased serum and urinary fructose concentrations in patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, School of Medicine, 11-1, 2-chome Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan 173-0003. t-kawa@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akanuma
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose