title: EMS medical coverage at PGA tour events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the availability and level of medical services for fans at Professional Golfer Association (PGA) Tour events.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire, written in cooperation with PGA Tour headquarters, was sent to the tournament director of each PGA Tour event that hosted same-site events in 1998 and 1999. The survey addressed five areas of fan medical services: 1) health care provider availability; 2) advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) capabilities, including equipment; 3) presence of on-site ambulance(s); 4) fan fatalities; and 5) alcohol consumption limitations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survey response was 92% (36/39). Health care providers were on site at all PGA Tour events: physicians (97%), emergency medical technicians [EMTs (78%)], nurses (75%), and paramedics (64%). A combination of health care providers was used at 94% of PGA Tour events. Ninety-seven percent of PGA Tour events had at least one ACLS-certified provider present along with ACLS equipment. Ambulances were on site at 89% of PGA Tour events and a hospital was located within 5-10 miles at 92% of events. Three of the PGA Tour events reported having one fan fatality through the 1998 and 1999 seasons. Seventy-eight percent of the PGA Tour events imposed regulations to limit alcohol consumption and sales. Methods included: restricted sale locations (56%); limits on alcohol sale (50%); advertisement for responsible alcohol consumption (33%); crowd conduct (28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All PGA Tour events provided medical services for fans and 97% had ACLS capabilities. To promote fan safety and viewing etiquette, responsible alcohol consumption was a recognized priority at 78% of PGA Tour events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 64108, USA. john.ma@tmcmed.org
authors.forename: O John
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Millward
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006055:Golf; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D013178:Sports Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce