title: Race/ethnicity and other risk of factors associated with cryptosporidiosis as an initial AIDS-defining condition in California, 1980-99.
abstract: To study whether African-Americans are less likely than whites to present with cryptosporidiosis as an AIDS-defining condition (ADC), a case-control study was conducted using a large, population-based surveillance registry of AIDS patients in California. Data from January 1980 through June 1999 were analysed using risk factor stratification and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate confounding by other risk factors such as gender, injection drug use (IDU), CD4 counts, age and sexual orientation. Cases included 1373 subjects with cryptosporidiosis as an ADC and controls included 97,419 subjects with other ADC. The results indicate a significantly lower risk for presentation with cryptosporidiosis as an ADC among African-Americans compared with whites (OR vs. whites = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4, 0.7). Additionally, there is evidence that heterosexuals are less likely than homosexual/bisexual males to present with cryptosporidiosis (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4, 0.7). Our analyses also suggest a decreasing risk with increasing age. The possibility that there may be biologic factors or differential lifetime exposures that account for the difference between the racial/ethnic groups merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Public Health Biology and Epidemiology, Center for Family and Community Health, 94720-7360, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalakdina
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tabnak
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Colford
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D044465:White People