title: Intranasal toxicity of selected absorption enhancers.
abstract: The intranasal toxicity of selected absorption enhancers (LPC, DM beta CD, N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) and chitosan hydrochloride) were determined in vivo by investigating the acute microscopic toxic potential on the morphology of rat nasal epithelium with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in vitro by measurement of the ciliary beat frequency (CBF), of human ciliated nasal epithelium. TEM evaluations showed that LPC (1% w/v) caused severe epithelial damage and pyknosis. No damage to the rat nasal epithelium was caused by the other absorption enhancers. CBF measurements showed that LPC resulted in total loss of ciliated cells while DM beta CD, TMC and chitosan hydrochloride did not cause any major changes in CBF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haffejee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du Plessis
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kotzé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goosen
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005079:Excipients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D007202:Indicators and Reagents