title: The damage-responsive Drosophila gene sickle encodes a novel IAP binding protein similar to but distinct from reaper, grim, and hid.
abstract: In flies and mammals, critical regulators of cell death function by antagonizing Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), which themselves directly block caspase action. The three currently known IAP antagonists in Drosophila map to the H99 genomic interval required for all programmed cell death. Here we describe a fourth member of this genetic group, sickle (skl), which maps just outside of the H99 deletion. At its N terminus, Skl shares residues in common with other IAP antagonists in flies (Rpr, Grim, and Hid) and in mammals (Smac/DIABLO and Omi/Htra2). Like other activators of apoptosis mapping in the Reaper region, full-length skl induced apoptosis when overexpressed, and the N terminus of this protein specifically bound to the BIR2 domain of DIAP1. However, unlike the N termini of Grim, Hid, and Rpr, the N terminus of Skl did not induce apoptosis. skl transcripts accumulate in cells that are fated to die in some but not all regions of the embryo. Genotoxic stimuli induced skl expression, but skl was not responsive to all signals that trigger premature apoptosis. skl is potentially a fourth IAP antagonist in the "Reaper region" and a new candidate transducer of apoptotic damage signaling in Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christich
authors.forename: Saila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.forename: Po
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sogame
authors.forename: Su Inn
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C108880:HID protein, Drosophila; D019476:Insect Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; C108881:grim protein, Drosophila; C086973:rpr protein, Drosophila; C452430:skl protein, Drosophila