Antioxidant and photoprotective activity of a crude extract of Culcitium reflexum H.B.K. leaves and their major flavonoids.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective activities of an ethanolic extract of Culcitium reflexum H.B.K. leaves (ECR extract). The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by means of three different in vitro tests: (1) bleaching of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical; (2) peroxidation, induced by the water-soluble radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride, on mixed dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/linoleic acid unilamellar vesicles; (3) UV radiation-induced peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles. In all in vitro tests used the ECR extract showed a significant antioxidant effect. Furthermore, a gel formulation containing this extract proved, when topically applied, to afford a significant in vivo protection against UV-B-induced skin erythema in healthy human volunteers. Then, by chromatographic fractionation and spectroscopic methods, we identified some cinnamic acid derivatives and the major flavonoid constituents of the ECR extract, viz. the flavonols rutin, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin and kaempferol.
Aquino
Rita
R
Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza e Tecnologia Cosmetiche and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Morelli
Silvana
S
Tomaino
Antonio
A
Pellegrino
Marialuisa
M
Saija
Antonella
A
Grumetto
Lucia
L
Puglia
Carmelo
C
Ventura
Dario
D
Bonina
Francesco
F
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004890:Erythema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013473:Sunscreening Agents