title: The two-signal model of T-cell activation after 30 years.
abstract: The two-signal model of T-cell activation is still valid after 30 years. The recent understanding of the first signal intricacy and its tight relationship with the second signal have thrown decisive light on T-cell activation processes and the complex molecular events that occur on the surface and within the T cell. Furthermore, the recognition of numerous accessory pathways that, in addition to the CD28 and CD40 pathways, operate to manage antigen-presenting cell T cell cooperation in view of lymphocyte activation, disclose the exquisite and numerous regulatory events that compose the second signal.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unite 343 and Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital de l'Archet, 06202 Nice, France. abernard@unice.fr
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamy And
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alberti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000502:physiology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha