Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Alzheimer disease: changes after treatment with xanomeline.
Patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease received transdermal xanomeline, an M1-selective cholinergic agonist, or placebo for 4 months. Clinical assessments and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging examinations were carried out at baseline, and after 8 and 16 weeks of treatment. There was a positive correlation between change from baseline in parietal lobe gray-matter cytosolic choline, expressed in terms of choline/creatine resonance ratios, and cognitive performance as measured with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale. Specifically, increased levels of cytosolic choline, a precursor pool for acetylcholine synthesis, were associated with greater progression in memory impairment during treatment.
Frederick
Blaise deB
Bd
MacLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
Satlin
Andrew
A
Wald
Lawrence L
LL
Hennen
John
J
Bodick
Neil
N
Renshaw
Perry F
PF
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D011725:Pyridines; D013830:Thiadiazoles; C075257:xanomeline; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline