title: Discovery of the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria in northern European waters.
abstract: Several dinoflagellate strains of the genus Pfiesteria were isolated by culturing techniques from sediment samples taken in the Oslofjord region of Norway. Pfiesteria piscicida, well known as a fish killer from the Atlantic coast of America, was identified by genetic methods and light microscopy. The related species Pfiesteria shumwayae was attracted from the sediment by the presence of fish, and has proved toxic. This present survey demonstrates the wide distribution of these potentially harmful species, but so far they have not been connected with fish kills in Europe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjetill S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Torstein
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tengs
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vatne
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Oldach
authors.forename: JoAnn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burkholder
authors.forename: Howard B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Glasgow
authors.forename: Parke A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rublee
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klaveness
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005060:Europe; D009664:Norway; D020045:Pfiesteria piscicida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S