title: [Two cases of elderly patients with ruptured AVM with contrast medium extravasation during cerebral angiography].
abstract: Two cases are reported of elderly patients who experienced intracranial extravasation of contrast medium (CM) during carotid angiography (CAG) for ruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The first patient, an 87-year-old male with no history of hypertension, was admitted immediately following a loss of consciousness after swimming in a pool. CT scan revealed a large intracranial hematoma in the left frontal lobe. CAG performed 1 hour after his arrival revealed a small AVM, fed by the left anterior cerebral artery with concomitant extravasation of CM. The patient's condition subsequently deteriorated and he died the following day. The second patient, a 71-year-old female, was admitted to our hospital in a comatose state after complaining of a severe headache. CT scan revealed a right parietal lobe hemorrhage extending into the ventricles. CAG was performed and demonstrated a small AVM in the right parietal lobe with extravasation of CM. Following emergency removal of the hematoma and AVM, the patient regained consciousness although some motor deficits persisted. A literature review revealed that only 6 cases of CM extravasation with ruptured AVM have been previously reported. The 4 previous cases involved patients 9, 15, 33 and 66-year-old, the younger three of which had a good outcome. The patients reported here were much older, and had a much less favorable outcome. Thus, AVM with CM extravasation may have a better prognosis in younger individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ogori Daiichi General Hospital, 862-3 Shimogou, Ogori Town, Yamaguchi 754-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urakawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male