title: Dietary intake and changes in lipoprotein lipids in obese, postmenopausal women placed on an American Heart Association Step 1 diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary intake and changes in lipoprotein lipids in obese, postmenopausal women placed on an American Heart Association Step 1 diet.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the specific dietary factors associated with the commonly observed decrease in HDL-C concentration in obese, postmenopausal women placed on a low-fat diet. DESIGN/SUBJECTS/INTERVENTION: Dietary intake, lipoprotein lipid concentrations, and body weight were measured before and after 10 weeks of instruction in the principles of the American Heart Association (AHA) Step 1 diet in 55 overweight and obese (body mass index=33+/-4 kg/m2), sedentary, postmenopausal women (mean age 59+/-5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percent of energy obtained from total fat, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol decreased significantly after dietary intervention, while the polyunsaturated:saturated ratio and the percent of energy obtained from total carbohydrate, complex carbohydrate, and simple carbohydrate increased. On average, the women lost a small, but significant, amount of body weight (2%+/-3%, P<.0001). Adherence to the AHA diet reduced total cholesterol (-8%+/-8%), LDL-C (-6%+/-11%), and HDL-C (-16%+/-10%). The only dietary change that predicted decreases in HDL-C concentrations was the increase in the percent of energy from simple sugar (r=-0.32, P<.05). There were no relationships between changes in HDL-C and changes in percent of energy from fat (r=0.16), saturated fat (r=0.07), polyunsaturated fat (r=0.04), or monounsaturated fat (r=0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In postmenopausal women, a dietary reduction in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol reduces body weight, total cholesterol, and LDL-C, but substitution of simple sugar for dietary fat may lead to a reduction in HDL-C. Further research is needed to determine which specific simple sugars are contributing to diet-induced reductions in HDL-C in older women placed on a low-fat diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: Linda B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bunyard
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nicklas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D017698:Postmenopause
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins