title: Epidermal growth factor receptor and g250: useful target antigens for antibody mediated cellular cytotoxicity against renal cell carcinoma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Monoclonal antibodies are a novel treatment option for certain tumor patients. We evaluated the potential of antibody derivatives against epidermal growth factor receptor and G250, which are 2 candidate antigens on renal cell carcinoma, to recruit effector cells for killing renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  As a measure of cytotoxicity, 51chromium release assays against renal cell carcinoma lines were performed using unseparated blood or isolated cell populations as the source of effectors. Blood was obtained from healthy donors, or from patients receiving granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for enhancing effector cell function. Parental human IgG1 antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor and G250 were compared with respective chemically linked bispecific antibodies targeting IgA Fc receptor FcalphaRI (CD89), a novel cytotoxic trigger molecule on polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes/macrophages, which were constructed by chemically crosslinking appropriate F(ab') fragments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal cell carcinoma lines were highly resistant to complement dependent lysis. With mononuclear effector cells high levels of renal cell carcinoma killing were observed with a humanized epidermal growth factor receptor directed monoclonal antibody, while the same antibody did not recruit granulocytes (polymorphonuclear cells) for antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. However, polymorphonuclear cells effectively lysed renal cell carcinoma with [FcalphaRI x epidermal growth factor receptor] bispecific antibody. FcalphaRI mediated killing was significantly enhanced when the blood of patients on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy was analyzed. However, G250 mediated only low levels of killing with mononuclear cell but not with polymorphonuclear effector cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor proved to recruit efficiently mononuclear or polymorphonuclear cell mediated killing mechanisms, while G250 directed antibody constructs were significantly less effective. Particularly effective renal cell carcinoma killing was observed with combined [FcalphaRI x epidermal growth factor receptor] bispecific antibody and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III and Urology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stadick
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stockmeyer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schrott
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kalden
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glennie
authors.forename: J G J
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: van de Winkel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gramatzki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Valerius
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elsässer
mesh_terms: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C400566:antigen G250; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors