title: Patterns of brain atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and compare the patterns of cerebral atrophy associated with two clinical variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD): frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and semantic dementia (SemD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with FTLD were classified as having FTD (N = 8) or SemD (N = 12) based on current clinical criteria. Both groups showed a similar spectrum of behavioral abnormalities, as indicated by the neuropsychiatric inventory. T1-weighted MRI was obtained for each patient and 20 control subjects. The regions of focal gray matter tissue loss associated with both FTD and SemD, as well as those differing between the two groups were examined using voxel-based morphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regions of significant atrophy seen in both groups were located in the ventromedial frontal cortex, the posterior orbital frontal regions bilaterally, the insula bilaterally, and the left anterior cingulate cortex. The FTD, but not the SemD, group showed atrophy in the right dorsolateral frontal cortex and the left premotor cortex. The SemD, but not the FTD, group showed tissue loss in the anterior temporal cortex and the amygdala/anterior hippocampal region bilaterally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although FTD and SemD are associated with different overall patterns of brain atrophy, regions of gray matter tissue loss in the orbital frontal, insular, and anterior cingulate regions are present in both groups. The authors suggest that pathology in the areas of atrophy associated with both FTD and SemD may underlie some the behavioral symptoms seen in the two disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Univeristy of California, San Francisco, 94143-1207, USA. Howie@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gorno-Tempini
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schuff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feiwell
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests