title: Molecular analysis of a gestation consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole and normal dizygotic twin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify a twin pregnancy consisting of a complete mole and coexistent fetus by means of molecular cytogenetics and DNA polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven highly polymorphic DNA markers were used to establish the androgenetic origin of a complete hydatidiform mole that coexisted with a normal 46,XY fetus. Cytogenetic analysis of mole nuclei was performed with centromeric probes, demonstrating a 46,XX constitution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Molar tissue was diploid with two X chromosomes, possibly due to chromosome doubling after monospermic fertilization of an ovum with inactivated or absent nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although contamination with maternal tissue may be difficult to avoid, molecular markers provide the possibility of distinguishing between a complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus versus a partial mole, with methods that can be performed antenatally. This distinction is important since in the first case up to 24% of fetuses described in the literature have been viable, and the risk of subsequent development of persistent trophoblastic tumor in patients with a complete mole and a coexisting fetus is considerably higher than in patients with a single, complete hydatidiform mole.
authors.affiliation: Section of Genetics, Faculty of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of San Pablo, Centro De Estudios Universitarios, Madrid 28668, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Casares
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Henriques-Gil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orera
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Fernández-Pacheco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguarón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D007621:Karyotyping; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA