title: Adhesion molecules as prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the significance of molecular markers in determining the risk of recurrence and distant metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective case study, we evaluated archival nasopharyngeal carcinoma specimens for patterns of expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, c-erb-B2, and Ki-67, which have been demonstrated to be important in other tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were identified, with a maximum follow-up of 13 years. The histopathological sections were stained using an automated immunohistochemical stainer (NexES, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ) for E-cadherin (Zymed Laboratories [San Francisco, CA] and Transduction Laboratories [Lexington, KY] clones), beta-catenin (Zymed), c-erb-B2 (Ventana Medical Systems), and Ki-67 (Novocastra, Burlingame, CA). The numbers of positively staining cells were scored as follows: 0%, 1% to 33%, 34% to 66%, or greater than 67%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E-cadherin (Zymed) stained positively in only one case. The Transduction Laboratories clone demonstrated a spectrum of staining in all cases, from complete to disrupted to no identifiable membranous staining. The staining was consistently absent at the advancing tumor border, regardless of stage. The loss of beta-catenin expression did not correlate with that of E-cadherin or with clinical outcomes. No staining was identified for c-erb-B2. Ki-67 staining was variable and did not correlate with clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered expression or loss of E-cadherin, or both, may result in loss of function, particularly at the infiltrating edge, with resultant loss of cell polarity, cell migration, and eventual metastasis. The interpretation of E-cadherin staining depends on antibody source. In contrast to recent studies, beta-catenin expression is not altered and c-erb-B2 expression not identified, suggesting that these markers are not important in the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shnayder
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuriakose
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: DeLacure
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jagirdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human