title: Development of a novel parenteral formulation for tetrazepam using a lipid emulsion.
abstract: A novel parenteral formulation for tetrazepam (10 mg/ml) was developed using lipid emulsions. This formulation utilized a new lipid emulsion formulation, which was developed by changing the polarity of the oil phase. It was found that increasing the polarity of the oil phase resulted in enhanced solubility of tetrazepam. Tetrazepam showed higher solubility in a mixture of castor oil and middle-chain triglycerides (MCTs) (1:1) than in any other oil investigated. This mixture resulted in low interfacial tension and moderate viscosity, which seemed to be the optimum oil phase. In addition, to increase the concentration of tetrazepam, an emulsion formulation containing 30% oil phase was produced and optimized. The drug-free emulsion formulation showed fine particle sizes with an imperceptible change in physicochemical properties after more than 2 years on the shelf. As a result, it was possible to produce a parenteral emulsion formulation containing 10 mg/ml tetrazepam. No change in the physicochemical properties of the emulsion was observed after the addition of tetrazepam. The tetrazepam emulsion showed stable behavior during the autoclaving process and good shelf stability for at least 10 months as well. Tetrazepam itself also displayed good stability during the autoclaving process and also showed good shelf stability in this emulsion formulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jumaa
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C005245:tetrazepam