title: Delay in presentation for cardiac care by race, age, and site of care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Racial differences exist in the management of coronary artery disease. One hypothesis is that black patients delay seeking care and that this delay may influence the management of coronary artery disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess delay in seeking care for heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand six hundred and fifty-two patients awaiting coronary angiography at three VA and one non-VA Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were asked to retrospectively report the time between symptom onset and presentation for medical care and what if any were the reasons for delay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand five hundred eleven patients (12% VA & 43% non-VA) answered questions regarding delay in treatment. Overall, 73% reported delaying 1 month or more and 16% reported delaying more than 6 months. Black patients and white patients were equally likely to delay as were older persons (> or = 65) compared with younger. Patients at the VA hospitals reported longer delays and patients with prior revascularization were less likely to report delays. We used ordinal logistic regression to predict delay using site type and prior revascularization as covariates. VA site of care independently predicted longer delays whereas prior revascularization predicted less delay. Among patients who reported at least a 1 month delay, patients at the non-VA hospital were more likely to cite ignoring symptoms as their reason for delay (72% vs. 61%; P = 0.03) as were those with at least a high school education 69% versus 50%; P = 0.003). Black patients reported that they ignored their symptom more often but this was marginally significant (77% vs. 63%; P = 0.053).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race was not associated with delay in seeking care among patients awaiting coronary angiography. Non-VA patients, and those with past revascularization, were less likely to delay. Ignoring symptoms was the most common reason for delays greater than 1 month. Further study of the sequence of patient and provider decisions that ultimately lead to revascularization is needed.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Internal Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. joseph.conigliaro@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conigliaro
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: Chester B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skanderson
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D006302:Health Services Research; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009511:New England / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010346:Patient Care Management; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014728:Veterans / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014850:Waiting Lists; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data