title: Inter- and intra-ethnic variation in water intake, contact, and source estimates among Tucson residents: Implications for exposure analysis.
abstract: Water-related exposures among Hispanics, particularly among Mexican Americans, are relatively unknown. Exposure and risk assessment is further complicated by the absence of good time-activity data (e.g., water intake) among this population. This study attempts to provide some insight concerning water-related exposure parameters among Hispanics. Determining the extent to which non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics living in the Tucson metropolitan area differ with respect to direct water intake and source patterns is the primary purpose of this investigation. Using random digit dialing, researchers conducted a cross-sectional telephone population survey of 1183 Tucson residents. Significant ethnic variation was observed in water intake patterns among this sample, particularly in terms of source. Hispanics reported much higher rates of bottled water consumption than did non-Hispanic whites. Ethnic variation in exposure parameters such as that observed in this study increases the potential for measurement error in exposure analysis. Erroneous assumptions that exposure estimates (i.e., water intake source) are generalizable across various ethnic groups may lead to both overestimation and underestimation of contaminant exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tuczon 85724, USA. bryanw@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Florez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pettygrove
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001130:Arizona; D003296:Cooking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004326:Drinking; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014505:Urban Population; D014881:Water Supply