title: Active chemotherapy for collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collecting (Bellini) duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is associated with an aggressive course and an extremely poor prognosis. To the authors' knowledge, there are no standard treatment regimens and neither immunotherapy nor chemotherapy have been found to be effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, the authors report a 49-year-old man who presented with a 7.0 cm x 6.0 cm renal mass with extensive regional, paraaortic, and left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Radical nephrectomy revealed a CDC. The patient was treated with doxorubicin, 50 mg/m(2) (Day 1), and gemcitabine, 2000 mg/m(2) (Day 1), (AG) every 2 weeks with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy significantly decreased in size after the first cycle. Computed tomography (CT) scan after the third cycle revealed a significant (68%) reduction in the tumor volume. Toxicity was comprised of only CTC version 2.0, 1998; Grade 1 nausea and fatigue. After Cycle 6, a repeat CT scan demonstrated minimal disease progression. Based on recent Phase II data of an active regimen comprised of AG alternating with ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (ITP) in patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the patient was treated with ifosfamide, 1500 mg/m(2) (Days 1-3); paclitaxel, 175 mg/m(2) (Day 1); and cisplatin, 35 mg/m(2) (Days 1 and 2), every 4 weeks with GCSF support. After two cycles of ITP, the patient developed disease progression in bone and received palliative radiation therapy. Follow-up CT scan demonstrated new liver metastases. The patient received palliative care without further chemotherapy and died approximately 10 months after the initial diagnosis of CDC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistologic and molecular analyses indicate that CDC more closely resembles transitional cell carcinoma than renal cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy regimens used to treat advanced transitional cell carcinoma such as AG should be evaluated as first-line therapy for CDC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA. mim2005@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Matthew I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Milowsky
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosmarin
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tickoo
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nanus
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043823:Taxoids; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004317:Doxorubicin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide; D000093542:Gemcitabine