title: Synergic effects of arsenic trioxide and cAMP during acute promyelocytic leukemia cell maturation subtends a novel signaling cross-talk.
abstract: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the specific chromosome translocation t(15;17) with promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML-RARA) fusion gene and the ability to undergo terminal differentiation as an effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Recently, arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) has been identified as an alternative therapy in patients with both ATRA-sensitive and ATRA-resistant APL. At the cellular level, As(2)O(3) triggers apoptosis and a partial differentiation of APL cells in a dose-dependent manner; both effects are observed in vivo among patients with APL and APL animal models. To further explore the mechanism of As(2)O(3)-induced differentiation, the combined effects of arsenic and a number of other differentiation inducers on APL cell lines (NB4 and NB4-R1) and some fresh APL cells were examined. The data show that a strong synergy exists between a low concentration of As(2)O(3) (0.25 microM) and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogue, 8-CPT-cAMP, in fully inducing differentiation of NB4, NB4-R1, and fresh APL cells. Furthermore, cAMP facilitated the degradation of As(2)O(3)-mediated fusion protein PML-RARalpha, a process considered to play a key role in overcoming the differentiation arrest of APL cells. On the other hand, cAMP could significantly inhibit cell growth by modulating several major players in G(1)/S transition regulation. Interestingly, H89, an antagonist of protein kinase A, could block the differentiation-inducing effect of As(2)O(3) potentiated by cAMP. These results thus support the existence of a novel signaling cross-talk for APL maturation, which may deepen understanding of As(2)O(3)-induced differentiation in vivo, and thus furnish insights for new therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Key Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ji-Wang
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hai-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yu-Lei
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flexor
authors.forename: Pei-Ming
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waxman
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanotte
authors.forename: Sai-Juan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D010087:Oxides; D013873:Thionucleotides; C093476:promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion oncoprotein; C015929:8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide