title: Histologic and radiographic evidence of vertical ridge augmentation utilizing distraction osteogenesis: 10 consecutively placed distractors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vertical ridge augmentation for dental implant placement is one of the greatest challenges facing the surgeon. Inadequate vertical bone compromises the implant positioning and resulting restoration. The cleansibility, esthetics, and mechanical properties of the restoration can all be compromised. While the technique of distraction osteogenesis has been successfully employed for long bone applications for over 40 years, it has only recently been introduced as a technique for vertical ridge augmentation prior to dental implant reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the placement of 10 consecutive distractors in 7 patients was evaluated. The surgical technique, latency period, distraction rate, and consolidation period are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technique of distraction osteogenesis resulted in an average vertical augmentation of 7 mm, with a range of 5 to 9 mm. There were no complications affecting the outcome of the distraction procedure. No failures have occurred to date in the 16 implants that were placed and loaded following distraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, clinical, histologic, and radiographic evidence of consistent vertical bone augmentation was found with this technique of distraction osteogenesis for vertical ridge augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: McAllister
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D014716:Vertical Dimension