title: Bioaccumulation of palladium, platinum and rhodium from urban particulates and sediments by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus.
abstract: The three-way catalytic converters introduced to oxidize and reduce gaseous automobile emissions represent a source of platinum group elements (PGEs), in particular platinum, palladium and rhodium, to the urban environment. Abrasion of automobile exhausts leads to an increase of the concentration of PGEs in environmental matrices such as vegetation, soil and water bodies. The bioaccumulation of Pd, Pt and Rh by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus was studied in natural ecosystems and under laboratory conditions. Owing to the low concentration level (ng g(-1)) of PGEs in the animals studied. analyses were performed with a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and hafnium, copper, yttrium, rubidium, strontium and lead were monitored for spectral interference correction. Asellus aquaticus collected in an urban river showed a content (mean +/- s) of 155.4 +/- 73.4, 38.0 +/- 34.6, and 17.9 +/- 12.2 ng g(-1) (dry weight) for Pd, Pt and Rh, respectively. The exposure of Asellus aquaticus to PGE standard solutions for a period of 24h give bioaccumulation factors of Bf: 150, 85, and 7 for Pd, Pt and Rh, respectively. Exposure of Asellus aquaticus to environmental samples for different exposure periods demonstrated that PGE bioaccumulation is time dependent. and shows a higher accumulation for the materials with a higher PGE content. While all three elements have the same uptake rate for exposure to catalyst materials, for exposure to environmental materials they havc a different uptake rate which can be attributed to transformations of the PGE species in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimíca Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimícas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. moldovan@eucmax.sim.ucm.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moldovan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003445:Crustacea; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D010165:Palladium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010316:Particle Size; D010984:Platinum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012238:Rhodium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014505:Urban Population; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D010984:Platinum; D010165:Palladium; D012238:Rhodium