title: Lipoinjection augmentation of the soft palate for velopharyngeal stress incompetence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Velopharyngeal stress incompetence in professional musicians is an uncommon but potentially career-ending problem. Pharyngeal flaps, V-Y palatal pushback procedures, Teflon or collagen injection of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and speech therapy have all been used to address this problem. The ideal procedure for this subset of patients with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) with high-pressure, mild VPI would be one that combines low morbidity and an expedient recovery for the busy musician. We describe an approach of endoscopically assisted autologous lipoinjection of the soft palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of our experience treating high-pressure stress VPI in two professional musicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review and retrospective chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two musicians underwent autologous lipoinjection of the soft palate for stress VPI. Patients resumed full play within 2 weeks of the operation with no serious complications. There has been no recurrence of the VPI after 18 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Velopharyngeal stress incompetence in musicians is an uncommon disorder. Velopharyngeal incompetence in these patients may not present as in a typical manner with hypernasality but may go undiagnosed for years mistakenly rationalized as a declining performance ability rather than a curable structural problem. The performance demands of professional musicians necessitate a timely solution to their VPI. More precise and limited contouring of palatal bulk can be achieved through the lipoinjection technique than compared with traditional palatal V-Y pushback or a standard pharyngeal flap. Lipoinjection of the palate can be performed as an outpatient procedure with only minor discomfort and an expedient recovery for the career musician.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hengerer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Slupchynskj
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000328:Adult; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D015187:Lipectomy; D009146:Music; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012086:Reoperation; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*