title: Comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin to other fluoroquinolones and non-quinolone agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States in 1999-2000.
abstract: This study was undertaken to assess the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, five other fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin) and other non-quinolone comparator agents (ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, penicillin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole) against Streptococcus pneumoniae collected in the United States. Susceptibility testing of 550 S. pneumoniae, 290 Haemophilus influenzae and 205 Moraxella catarrhalis showed that 38.2% of pneumococci were penicillin nonsusceptible, while 26.2 and 95.6% of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, respectively, produced beta-lactamase. Overall new fluoroquinolones were the most active agents. The in vitro activity (based on MIC90 in mg/l) of the six fluoroquinolones was gemifloxacin>moxifloxacin>gatifloxacin>levofloxacin>ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Specialists, Inc., 1651 A Crossings Parkway, Westlake, OH 44145, USA. amdlmk@aol.com
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Koeth
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Saralee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bajaksouzian
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zilles
authors.forename: Gengrong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077735:Gemifloxacin; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014481:United States; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009287:Naphthyridines; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D000077735:Gemifloxacin