title: The delay in transfer between the emergency department and the critical care unit for patients with an acute cardiac event--in hospital factors.
abstract: The Lyell McEwin Health Service (LMHS) is a major public hospital located in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, a region where the death rate from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is higher than the expected death rate in the population. A retrospective case note study conducted at this hospital investigated the duration that patients with unstable angina pectoris (UA) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) spent in the emergency department (ED) before admission to the critical care unit (CCU) and the factors that contributed to delays of greater than 70 minutes. All patients admitted to the LMHS over an 18 month period with a discharge diagnosis related group (DRG) for AMI and UA were included in the study. A total of 667 case notes were examined; 403 of these cases met the inclusion criteria for the study. The mean duration between arrival in the ED and subsequent admission to the CCU was found to be 161 minutes. DRG was a major factor in the length of time spent in the ED. The mean duration for patients with AMI was 124 minutes, whilst for UA the duration was 190 minutes (difference = 66 minutes, p<0.001). Other factors that were significant were gender (females = mean duration 29 minutes > males, p=0.015), and mode of transport to the ED (arrival by ambulance mean duration 30 minutes < private transport, Recommendations arising from this study included that a system be established to enable the rapid assessment of all patients suspected of suffering AMI and UA, inclusive of their expeditious transfer to the CCU. In addition, a staff development programme was proposed to ensure medical and nursing staff became aware of a bias in this hospital toward transferring male patients in a shorter timeframe than females with the same DRG.
authors.affiliation: University of South Australia, School of Nursing & Midwifery, North Terrace, Adelaide.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grech
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pannell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith-Sparrow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000628:therapy*; D003325:Coronary Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013021:South Australia; D013997:Time Factors