title: Catechins and their oligomers linked by C4 --> C8 bonds are major cacao polyphenols and protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation in vitro.
abstract: In vitro effects of catechins and their oligomers linked by C4 --> C8 bonds are major antioxidative components of chocolate and cocoa. Their effects on the susceptibility of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation were evaluated. The strength of the antioxidative activity was measured using copper ions as the radical generator as compared by weight varied in the following order: (+)-catechin > procyanidin B2 > or = (-)-epicatechin > or = procyanidin C1 > cinnamtannin A2. Using 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (MeO-AMVN) as the radical generator, the order was (-)-epicatechin > or = procyanidin B2 > or = procyanidin C1 > (+)-catechin > or = cinnamtannin A2. It is suggested that these compounds contribute to the activity of cacao products to protect LDL from oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Functional Foods Research and Development Laboratory, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., 5-3-1, Chiyoda Sakado 350-0289, Japan. naomi_osakabe@meiji.co.jp
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osakabe
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D044946:Biflavonoids; D002099:Cacao; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D001391:Azo Compounds; D044946:Biflavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009570:Nitriles; D016877:Oxidants; D028321:Plant Preparations; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C425558:cinnamtannin A2; C109522:V 70; C479580:procyanidin B2; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin