title: The Spurling test and cervical radiculopathy.
abstract: METHODS
  A cross-sectional study design was used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Spurling test for cervical radiculopathy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Spurling test is an accepted physical examination test, but there is little data on its sensitivity or specificity.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 1993, 255 consecutive patients were referred for electrodiagnosis of upper extremity nerve disorders. A Spurling test administered before other testing was performed. The Spurling test was scored as positive if it caused pain or tingling that started in the shoulder and radiated distally to the elbow. After the electrodiagnostic examination, a score was given to each diagnosis in the differential diagnosis according to the likelihood of its presence. To determine the odds ratio, sensitivity, and specificity, chi2 analysis was used. Also, the percentage of subjects with positive results from the Spurling test was calculated for several nerve disease diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Spurling test had a sensitivity of 6/20 (30%) and a specificity of 160/172 (93%). The results were positive in 16.6% of the normal group, in 3.4% of the group with nerve disorders other than a radiculopathy, in 25% of the group with an abnormality not consistent with any specific diagnosis group, in 37.5% of the group with possible radiculopathy, and in 40% of the group with certain radiculopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spurling test is not very sensitive, but it is specific for cervical radiculopathy diagnosed by electromyography. Therefore, it is not useful as a screening test, but it is clinically useful in helping to confirm a cervical radiculopathy.
authors.affiliation: Spine Program, Department of PM&R, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. hct@umich.edu
authors.forename: Henry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Haig
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D009333:Neck / Q000294:innervation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity