title: Importance of deletion of T at nucleotide 1559 in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene in Japanese patients with hypophosphatasia.
abstract: The tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene in four unrelated patients with hypophosphatasia was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and the direct sequencing method. Of the participating patients, one had childhood-type and three had perinatal-type disease. All carried a deletion of T at cDNA number 1559, which causes a frameshift downstream from codon L503, as a heterozygote. In the childhood-type patient, an F310L mutation was detected in the opposite allele. Similarly, a perinatal-type patient carried a V3651 mutation in the opposite allele. Mutations in the opposite alleles were not detected in the other two patients with perinatal-type disease. In addition, although both parents carried the deletion as a heterozygote in two families with childhood-type and perinatal-type disease, patients from those families were not homozygous for the deletion. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also detected, which were shown to be useful for haplotype analysis. Allele frequency of the deletion among Japanese patients was 36% (10 of 28 alleles) but none occurred in Caucasian patients. These findings indicate that regardless of clinical type, deletion in the TNSALP gene occurs frequently among Japanese patients. Furthermore, haplotype analysis using SNPs suggested that the deletion might have derived from more than a single founder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orimo
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goseki-Sone
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsubakio
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakiyama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007014:Hypophosphatasia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D007564:Japan; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase