title: SNPs and snails and puppy dogs' tails: analysis of SNP haplotype data using the gamete competition model.
abstract: The gamete competition model is a likelihood version of the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) that is inspired by conditional logistic regression and the Bradley-Terry ranking procedure. In family-based association studies, both the TDT and the gamete competition model apply directly to data on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Because any given SNP has limited polymorphism, it is tempting to collect several SNPs within a gene into a single super marker whose alleles are haplotypes. Unfortunately, this tactic wreaks havoc with the traditional TDT, which requires codominant markers (Spielman et al. 1993; Terwilliger & Ott, 1992). Eliminating phase ambiguities by assigning haplotypes to individuals before conducting the TDT may give misleading results because only the most probable haplotypes are then considered. Because pedigree implementations of the gamete competition model can accommodate dominant as well as codominant markers, they circumvent the phase problem by including all possible phases weighted by their estimated frequencies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics and Biomathematics, The University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1766, USA. janet@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sinsheimer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keavney
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D005854:Germ Cells; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010375:Pedigree; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A