title: Reciprocal regulation of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor gene transcription by Sp1 and early growth response gene 1: induction of EGR-1 inhibits the expression of the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor gene.
abstract: The beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)-AR) plays a key role in regulating heart rate and contractility in response to catecholamines. Our studies have focused on defining the factors that regulate the expression of the beta(1)-AR gene. We determined that a 65-base-pair (bp) region in the beta(1)-AR promoter between bp -394 and bp -330 directs basal transcription. An element located between -377 and -365 can bind Sp1 and Sp3. In Drosophila melanogaster SL2 cells, Sp1 stimulated the expression of the beta(1)-AR promoter, whereas Sp3 was unable to activate transcription. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that an intact Sp1-binding site is essential for maintaining the activity of the basal promoter. In addition to binding Sp family members, the nucleotides between -381 and -367 can bind the zinc-finger transcription factor Egr-1. The Egr-1 and Sp1 binding sites are partially overlapping and their binding sequence is conserved among mammalian beta(1)-AR genes. The induction of Egr-1 in rat neonatal ventricular myocytes with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or in HeLa S3 cells by regulated expression of Egr-1 in a tetracycline-responsive promoter, suppressed expression from the beta(1)-AR promoter. Overexpression of Sp1 in SK-N-MC cells increased beta(1)-AR mRNA by 2.4-fold, whereas overexpression of Egr-1 reduced beta(1)-AR mRNA by 40%. Coexpression of Egr-1 with Sp1 reduced Sp1-mediated up-regulation of beta(1)-AR mRNA by 60%. Mutagenesis revealed that an intact Sp1-binding site is essential for observing transcriptional repression by Egr-1 and that Egr-1 suppressed the transcription of the beta(1)-AR gene by competing with Sp1 for binding to their overlapping sites. These results reveal a novel physiologically relevant transcriptional mechanism for reciprocal regulation of beta(1)-AR gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. sbahouth@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Suleiman W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Bahouth
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: Kim N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Vu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486110:Egr1 protein, rat; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors