title: Parent report of mealtime behavior and parenting stress in young children with type 1 diabetes and in healthy control subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed parent report of mealtime behavior and parenting stress in preschoolers with type 1 diabetes. It was hypothesized that children with type 1 diabetes would be seen as exhibiting more mealtime behavior problems and that their parents would evidence greater parenting stress when compared with healthy subjects. It was also hypothesized that report of mealtime behavior problems would be positively correlated with parenting stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 children (aged 1-6 years) with type 1 diabetes were recruited from a pediatric hospital. Another 40 children matched for age, sex, marital status, and socioeconomic status were used as control subjects. Reliable and valid parent report measures, such as the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale and the Parenting Stress Index, were used for data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents of children with type 1 diabetes reported more behavioral feeding problems than parents of healthy control subjects. Additionally, parents of children with type 1 diabetes reported higher frequencies of parenting behaviors associated with poor nutritional intake and a greater number of parenting problems concerning mealtimes when compared with parents of healthy control subjects. Parents of children with type 1 diabetes also reported higher stress levels than parents of control subjects. A moderate relationship between mealtime behavior problems and general parenting stress was observed for families coping with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mealtime problems reported in preschool children with type 1 diabetes are appropriate targets for behavioral intervention. Behavioral observation techniques and training in child behavior management skills should be used in future research aimed at assessing and treating barriers to effective nutrition management in young children with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Sabin Education Center 4th Floor, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA. scottpowers@chmcc.org
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Kelly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Byars
authors.forename: Monica J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Susana R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Debbie A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Standiford
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires