title: Structural features of immunologically active polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum.
abstract: Three polysaccharides, two heteroglycans (PL-1 and PL-4) and one glucan (PL-3), were solubilized from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum and isolated by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Their structural features were elucidated by glycosyl residue and glycosyl linkage composition analyses, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, periodate oxidation, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-MS experiments. The data obtained indicated that PL-1 had a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues and 1,6-linked beta-D-galactopyranosyl residues with branches at O-6 of glucose residues and O-2 of galactose residues, composed of terminal glucose, 1,6-linked glucosyl residues and terminal rhamnose. PL-3 was a highly branched glucan composed of 1,3-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues substituted at O-6 with 1,6-linked glucosyl residues. PL-4 was comprised of 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,6-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues and 1,6-linked beta-D-mannopyranosyl residues. These polysaccharides enhanced the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes in vitro to varying contents and PL-1 exhibited an immune-stimulating activity in mice.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Tai-yuan Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xing-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Xue-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ji-Nian
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015932:Complement C3c / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D005936:Glucans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C450191:PL-1 polysaccharide; C450193:PL-3 glucan; C450192:PL-4 polysaccharide; D011134:Polysaccharides; D015932:Complement C3c