title: Progress in understanding humoral rejection in kidney transplantation: implications for patient management.
abstract: After more than 40 years of clinical renal transplantation, the contribution of humoral immunity to the pathogenesis of allograft rejection is progressively being clarified. With the advent of a new generation of immunosuppressive agents, the production and consequences of anti-donor alloantibodies can now be controlled. In the upcoming years, immunosuppressive regimens that will specifically control both T- and B-cell responses may further improve long-term allograft survival, if the immunosuppressive efficacy of such regimens is not hampered by an increase in infectious, neoplastic or cardio-vascular complications.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tolkoff-Rubin
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology; D000208:Acute Disease; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000276:immunology; D015935:Complement C4b; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D003181:Complement C4; D006680:HLA Antigens; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007518:Isoantibodies; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D015935:Complement C4b; C032261:complement C4d; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus