title: Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information is limited regarding the absolute and relative risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with high-normal blood pressure (systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg, diastolic pressure of 85 to 89 mm Hg, or both).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association between blood-pressure category at base line and the incidence of cardiovascular disease on follow-up among 6859 participants in the Framingham Heart Study who were initially free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A stepwise increase in cardiovascular event rates was noted in persons with higher baseline blood-pressure categories. The 10-year cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease in subjects 35 to 64 years of age who had high-normal blood pressure was 4 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 2 to 5 percent) for women and 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 to 10 percent) for men; in older subjects (those 65 to 90 years old), the incidence was 18 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 12 to 23 percent) for women and 25 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 34 percent) for men. As compared with optimal blood pressure, high-normal blood pressure was associated with a risk-factor-adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease of 2.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.1) in women and 1.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2) in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-normal blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our findings emphasize the need to determine whether lowering high-normal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Framingham Heart Study, Mass 01702, USA. vasan@fram.nhlbi.nih.gov
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Leip
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kannel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors