title: Immune responses to an inactive vaccine against American cutaneous leishmaniasis together with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: The immunological response in healthy subjects to a crude leishmania antigen vaccine (Leishvacin) plus rhGM-CSF without prior Montenegro (DTH) skin testing was evaluated. Fifty-six healthy volunteers received vaccine plus either placebo or rhGM-CSF at day 0, followed by either a vaccine booster or placebo at day 21. IFN-gamma and IL-5 levels were significantly enhanced by day 21. The adjuvant group had a higher percentage of individuals with a significant response to vaccination than the corresponding placebo group. Eighty-six percent of all volunteers were DTH-positive by day 42. Leishvacin is capable of sensitizing lymphocytes from individuals not previously exposed to leishmania antigen. Use of rhGM-CSF enhanced the immune response, indicating that it may improve immunological response to the vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Imunologia do Hospital, Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Salvador 50 andar, Rua João das Botas s/n, Canela, 40110-160 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivonise
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Follador
authors.forename: Cibele
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Glória
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orge
authors.forename: Lay Har
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Lucas P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Olívia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bacellar
authors.forename: Roque P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Edgar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000209:etiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007894:Leishmania mexicana / Q000276:immunology*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor