title: Conserved properties of hydrogenosomal and mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers: a common origin for both organelles.
abstract: Mitochondria are one of the hallmarks of eukaryotic cells, exporting ATP in exchange for cytosolic ADP using ADP/ATP carriers (AAC) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In contrast, several evolutionarily important anaerobic eukaryotes lack mitochondria but contain hydrogenosomes, peculiar organelles of controversial ancestry that also supply ATP but, like some fermentative bacteria, make molecular hydrogen in the process. We have now identified genes from two species of the hydrogenosome-containing fungus Neocallimastix that have three-fold sequence repeats and signature motifs that, along with phylogenetic analysis, identify them as AACs. When expressed in a mitochondrial AAC- deficient yeast strain, the hydrogenosomal protein was correctly targeted to the yeast mitochondria inner membrane and yielded mitochondria able to perform ADP/ATP exchange. Characteristic inhibitors of mitochondrial AACs blocked adenine nucleotide exchange by the Neocallimastix protein. Thus, our data demonstrate that fungal hydrogenosomes and yeast mitochondria use the same pathway for ADP/ATP exchange. These experiments provide some of the strongest evidence yet that yeast mitochondria and Neocallimastix hydrogenosomes are but two manifestations of the same fundamental organelle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Giezen
authors.forename: Dirk Jan
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Slotboom
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Dyal
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: Gang-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: T Martin
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Embley
authors.forename: Edmund R S
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kunji
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D006859:Hydrogen; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases