title: Comparative analysis of the complete genome sequences of Helicoverpa zea and Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedroviruses.
abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of Helicoverpa zea single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) has been determined (130869 bp) and compared to the nucleotide sequence of Helicoverpa armigera (Ha) SNPV. These two genomes are very similar in their nucleotide (97% identity) and amino acid (99% identity) sequences. The coding regions are much more conserved than the non-coding regions. In HzSNPV/HaSNPV, the 63 open reading frames (ORFs) present in all baculoviruses sequenced so far are much more conserved than other ORFs. HzSNPV has four additional small ORFs compared with HaSNPV, one of these (Hz42) being in a correct transcriptional context. The major differences between HzSNPV and HaSNPV are found in the sequence and organization of the homologous regions (hrs) and the baculovirus repeat ORFs (bro genes). The sequence identity between the HzSNPV and HaSNPV hrs ranges from 90% (hr1) to almost 100% (hr5) and the hrs differ in the presence/absence of one or more type A and/or B repeats. The three HzSNPV bro genes differ significantly from those in HaSNPV and may have been acquired independently in the ancestral past. The sequence data suggest strongly that HzSNPV and HaSNPV are variants of the same virus species, a conclusion that is supported by the physical and biological data.
authors.affiliation: Joint Lab of Invertebrate Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China2.|Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Xinwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: McCutchen
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Presnail
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Dupont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., PO Box 30, Newark, DE 19714-0030, USA3.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tingey
authors.affiliation: Joint Lab of Invertebrate Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China2.
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Just M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vlak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019251:Nucleocapsid / Q000502:physiology*; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid