title: Long-term follow-up of G3T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin: 18-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been proposed in the past decade as first-line treatment for high-grade superficial bladder cancer (G3T1). We report our 18-year experience in the treatment of patients with G3T1 bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1989 to July 1997, 670 patients underwent transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer. Eighty-one patients (12%) had G3T1 tumors. All of these patients were treated with an innovative schedule of Pasteur strain BCG followed by maintenance BCG therapy. Treatment consisted of four cycles of 6 instillations per cycle of BCG. The first cycle was administered weekly x 6, the second was given every 2 weeks x 6, the third cycle was given monthly x 6, and the fourth was given every 3 months x 6 instillations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine patients (84%) completed at least the first two cycles. At a median follow-up of 76 months (range 30 to 197), the overall recurrence rate was 33% (27 of 81). The median time to recurrence was 20 months (range 5 to 128). Of these patients, 12 (15%) had progression at a median follow-up of 16 months (range 8 to 58). Cystectomy was required in 7 patients (8%). Death from disease occurred in 5 (6%) of 81 patients. One patient died of adenocarcinoma at the ureterosigmoidostomy site. Sixty patients (74%) were alive at a median follow-up of 79+ months (range 15 to 182). Of these, 56 (69%) were alive with a functioning bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conservative treatment with BCG is a reasonable approach for patients with primary G3T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The long-term results of BCG therapy are good. Cystectomy may not be justified as the therapy of choice in first-line treatment of high-grade superficial carcinoma of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Vincenzo Pansadoro Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pansadoro
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emiliozzi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scarpone
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pansadoro
authors.forename: Cora N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sternberg
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine