title: Functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and patients with major depressive disorder and no personality disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N=668) were recruited by the four clinical sites of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The carefully diagnosed study groups were compared on an array of domains of psychosocial functioning, as measured by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation--Baseline Version and the Social Adjustment Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with schizotypal personality disorder and borderline personality disorder were found to have significantly more impairment at work, in social relationships, and at leisure than patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder or major depressive disorder; patients with avoidant personality disorder were intermediate. These differences were found across assessment modalities and remained significant after covarying for demographic differences and comorbid axis I psychopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personality disorders are a significant source of psychiatric morbidity, accounting for more impairment in functioning than major depressive disorder alone.
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study.
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Skodol
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McGlashan
authors.forename: Ingrid R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Dyck
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: Donna S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Grilo
authors.forename: M Tracie
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zanarini
authors.forename: Leslie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sanislow
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oldham
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003193:Compulsive Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment