title: The herpes simplex virus type 1 U(S)11 protein interacts with protein kinase R in infected cells and requires a 30-amino-acid sequence adjacent to a kinase substrate domain.
abstract: The herpes simplex virus type 1 gamma(1)34.5 gene product precludes the host-mediated protein shutoff response induced by activated protein kinase R (PKR). Earlier studies demonstrated that recombinant viruses lacking the gamma(1)34.5 gene (Deltagamma(1)34.5) developed secondary mutations that allowed earlier U(S)11 expression and enabled continued protein synthesis. Further, in vitro studies demonstrated that a recombinant expressed U(S)11 protein binds PKR, blocks the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2alpha) by activated PKR, and, if provided prior to PKR activation, precluded PKR autophosphorylation. The present study furthers the hypothesis that early U(S)11 production precludes PKR-mediated host protein shutoff by demonstrating that (i) U(S)11 and PKR interact in the context of viral infection, (ii) this interaction is RNA dependent and requires a 30-amino-acid domain (amino acids 91 to 121) in the carboxyl domain of the U(S)11 protein, (iii) the proteins biochemically colocalize in the S100 ribosomal fraction, and (iv) there is a PKR substrate domain immediately adjacent to the binding domain. The results suggest that the U(S)11 interaction with PKR at the ribosome is RNA dependent and that the U(S)11 protein contains a substrate domain with homology to eIF-2alpha in close proximity to an essential binding domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. kcassady@peds.uab.edu
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cassady
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000821:virology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C074546:US11 protein, herpesvirus; D014764:Viral Proteins; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase