title: Observations as to male fertility in the Flemish environment and health studies.
abstract: We report the observations made on 101 healthy non-smoking men aged 21-40 (50 from two industrial suburbs of the big city of Antwerp and 51 from Peer, a predominantly rural municipality with 14,622 inhabitants, 70 km east of Antwerp, chosen as the "control" area in spite of its intensive agriculture). Persons with known occupational exposures, persons working in a region with characteristics clearly different from the area of residence, and people commuting over long distances were excluded from the study. Sperm morphology was significantly worse in Peer than in Antwerp. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower in Peer than in Antwerp. The proportions of men with very low and low serum testosterone levels, of men with very low and low spermatozoa concentrations and of men with very low and low percentages of spermatozoa with normal morphology, were all higher in Peer than in Antwerp. We speculate that both the lower testosterone concentrations and the poorer sperm quality are due to disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function by hormone disrupters. Our data suggest that exposure to levels of environmental pollution which are widespread in developed nations, can have unfavourable effects on endocrine equilibrium and may disturb male fertiline disrupters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dhooge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stuyvaert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koppe
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nele
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schoeters
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Larebeke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Comhaire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013739:Testosterone