title: The three modern faces of mercury.
abstract: The three modern "faces" of mercury are our perceptions of risk from the exposure of billions of people to methyl mercury in fish, mercury vapor from amalgam tooth fillings, and ethyl mercury in the form of thimerosal added as an antiseptic to widely used vaccines. In this article I review human exposure to and the toxicology of each of these three species of mercury. Mechanisms of action are discussed where possible. Key gaps in our current knowledge are identified from the points of view both of risk assessment and of mechanisms of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. tcw30@aol.com
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Clarkson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D008628:Mercury / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013849:Thimerosal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014612:Vaccines; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D014612:Vaccines; D013849:Thimerosal; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D008628:Mercury