title: Gender differences in mental health: evidence from three organisations.
abstract: It is commonly observed that women report higher levels of minor psychiatric morbidity than men. However, most research fails to control for the gendered distribution of social roles (e.g. paid work and domestic work) and so does not compare men and women in similar positions. In this short report, we examine the distribution of minor psychiatric morbidity (measured by the 12 item General Health Questionnaire) amongst men and women working in similar jobs within three white-collar organisations in Britain, after controlling for domestic and socioeconomic circumstances. Data from self-completion questionnaires were collected in a Bank (n = 2,176), a University (n = 1,641) and the Civil Service (n = 6,171). In all three organisations women had higher levels of minor psychiatric morbidity than men, but the differences were not great; in only the Civil Service sample did this reach statistical significance. We conclude that generalisations about gender differences in minor psychiatric morbidity can be unhelpful, as these differences may vary depending on the context of the study.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK. ecarol@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emslie
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fuhrer
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macintyre
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stansfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003132:Commerce; D004651:Employment / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006076:Government; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014495:Universities; D016387:Women's Health