title: Pharmacotherapy for obesity: a quantitative analysis of four decades of published randomized clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article provides the first comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of medications for obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on stringent inclusionary criteria, a total of 108 studies were included in the final database. Outcomes are presented for comparisons of single and combination drugs to placebo and for comparisons of medications to one another.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the medications studied produced medium effect sizes. Four drugs produced large effect sizes (ie d>0.80; amphetamine, benzphetamine, fenfluramine and sibutramine). The placebo-subtracted weight losses for single drugs vs placebo included in the meta-analysis never exceeded 4.0 kg. No drug, or class of drugs, demonstrated clear superiority as an obesity medication. Effects of methodological factors are also presented along with suggestions for future research.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Kansas City and Mid America Heart Institute, St Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA. haddockc@umkc.edu
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: W S C
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Poston
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Dill
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Foreyt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ericsson
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001589:Benzphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D001589:Benzphetamine; D005277:Fenfluramine; C058254:sibutramine