title: Cell-mediated immune responses to GAD and beta-casein in type 1 diabetes mellitus in Thailand.
abstract: We measured the cell-mediated immune response to GAD and bovine beta-casein in 38 type 1 and 37 type 2 diabetic patients who visited diabetic clinics or who were hospitalized in Bangkok, Thailand, and in 43 normal controls, by using a lymphoproliferation assay. Positive results against GAD were found in 29/38 (76.3%) type 1, 6/37 (16.2%) type 2 diabetic patients and 1/43 (2.3%) normal controls. Positive results against bovine beta-casein were found in 18/38 (47.4%), 5/37 (13.5%) and 1/43 (2.3%) of these subjects, respectively. The frequencies of the positive results and the magnitude of the responses to both antigens in type 1 diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P<0.001). In addition, the prevalence of a positive lymphoproliferative response to these antigens in type 1 diabetic patients was higher than that of anti-GAD antibody positivity in the same group of subjects (26.3%). Thus, the prevalence of positive lymphoproliferative response to GAD in type 1 diabetic patients studied was higher than the prevalence of other autoimmune markers previously reported in type 1 diabetic patients in Thailand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. sinbc@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Napatawn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Banchuin
authors.forename: Watip
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boonyasrisawat
authors.forename: Sathit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vannasaeng
authors.forename: Tararaj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dharakul
authors.forename: Pa-thai
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Yenchitsomanus
authors.forename: Chaicharn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deerochanawong
authors.forename: Sirirat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ploybutr
authors.forename: Sutin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sriussadaporn
authors.forename: Thawatchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasurakul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002364:Caseins / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D002364:Caseins; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase