title: Is phrenic nerve dysfunction after cardiac surgery related to internal mammary harvesting?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many surgeons feel that internal mammary artery (IMA) harvesting is a risk factor for phrenic nerve dysfunction (PND) following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), objective data confirming this are lacking. We sought to compare two groups of cardiac surgical patients to determine if an association exists between IMA harvesting and PND following CABG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using inpatient medical records and chest radiographs, we performed a retrospective analysis of 25 consecutive CABG patients and 25 consecutive valve procedure patients in order to compare the incidence of PND following cardiac surgery with and without IMA harvesting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients were excluded. Thirty-one patients underwent IMA harvesting as part of their procedure, of whom 42% had PND evidenced on postextubation chest X-ray. Seventeen patients did not have IMA harvesting, and the incidence of PND in this group was 12% (p = 0.05). Both groups were similar in preoperative variables and operative techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests IMA harvesting is indeed a risk factor for PND following CABG.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA. tripp014@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sees
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lisagor
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000637:transplantation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors