title: Improved antioxidant effect of idebenone-loaded polyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate nanocapsules tested on human fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The protective antioxidant role of idebenone both as free drug and drug-loaded Tween 80-coated polyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate (PECA) nanocapsules is reported. The relationship between oxidative damage and apoptotic or nonapoptotic cell death is evaluated in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Idebenone-loaded nanocapsules were prepared with the interfacial polymerization method in the presence of Tween 80. Human nonimmortalized fibroblasts. under different stress conditions, either 0.5 mM diethylmaleate (DEM) for 60 min or 0.1 mM H2O2 for 30 min, were used as the experimental in vitro model. The production of reactive oxygen species, the cell viability, and the nuclear DNA damage were evaluated. The presence of apoptotic damage was evaluated both by the determination of caspase-3-like protein activity and by Promega's fluorescent apoptotic detection system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DEM and H2O2 affected the cultured cells in different ways. DEM induced a moderate cellular insult, which was efficaciously antagonized by idebenone-loaded PECA nanocapsules. H2O2 elicited severe damage to nuclear DNA, which was reduced by idebenoneloaded PECA nanocapsules. The free drug was less effective than idebenone-loaded nanocapsules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings reported here demonstrate that an improved antioxidant effect was obtained with a low idebenone concentration (0.5 microM) when the drug was entrapped within Tween 80-coated PECA nanocapsules.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Venera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardile
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renis
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paolino
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puglisi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fresta
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002214:Capsules; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008298:Maleates / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002214:Capsules; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008298:Maleates; D014451:Ubiquinone; C007166:cyacrin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; C014476:diethyl maleate; C036619:idebenone