title: [Personal research: reconstruction of the urethral striated sphincter].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Incontinence is one of the drawbacks of radical prostatectomy. The causes of post-operative incontinence are sphincter deficiency (SD) and bladder dysfunction (BD). SD seems to be the main cause of incontinence and long time to continence. We present a surgical modification of the anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy consisting in the reconstruction of the posterior aspect of the striated urethral sphincter in order to obtain a quick recovery of continence postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caudal retraction of the urethro-sphincteric complex after apical dissection of the prostate often occurs. Furthermore posterior fibrous raphe interruption can cause shortening of anatomical and functional urethral length and affect continence. In order to avoid caudal retraction of the sphincteric complex, after completing vesico-urethral anastomosis, the posterior emicircumference of the striated sphincter is fixed to the posterior aspect of the bladder one centimeter cranially and posteriorly to the urethro-vesical anastomosis. The rabdosphincter is sutured separately from the urethro-vesical suturing. This technical modification makes it possible to obtain an anatomical length of the urethra of about a centimeter more than with the standard technique, replacing it in a more anatomical position. Furthermore, this technique provides the new posterior platform for the urethro-sphincteric complex. Twenty-four patients with clinical organ confined disease and age range 54-74 years (mean 64 years) underwent Walsh's anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy with reconstruction of the rabdosphincter (group A). Catheter was removed 7 to 11 days postoperatively. Early continence was assessed objectively with the number of pads per day as follows: 0-1 mini pad = continent; 1-2 pads per day = mild incontinence; 2 or more pads per day = severe incontinence. Continence was evaluated at 3 days and one month after catheter removal. Group A compared to 21 patients (group B) who underwent standard anatomical RPP (historical control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A 16/24 patients (66.7%) and 19/24 patients (79.2%) were continent respectively at three days after removal of the catheter and after one month; mild incontinence (1-2 pads/day) was present in 6/24 patients (25%) and 3/24 (12.5%) respectively, 2/24 patients (8.3%) suffered from severe incontinence after 3 days and one month. In group B 7/21 patients (33%) were continent at hospital discharge, 11/21 (52%) after one month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful reconstruction of the posterior aspects of the rabdosphincter shortens time to continence after RRP.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Urologica 2a, Università degli Studi di Milano, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano. clinica.urologia2@unimi.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gadda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acquati
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carmignani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Favini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dell'Orto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferruti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avogadro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casellato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grisotto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*