title: Managing the entry of new medicines in the National Health Service: health authority experiences and prospects for primary care groups and trusts.
abstract: For the most part, the management of new medicines in the NHS has hitherto been a matter for local discretion. The result is that access to medicines is often determined by where a patient lives, as opposed to some nationally agreed clinical criteria. This "postcode prescribing" has led to widespread variations in access to medicines and concerns about the resulting inequalities. Primary care groups and trusts are expected to reduce variations in access to care, whilst at the same time balancing their finances, since any overspends on prescribing must be covered by disinvestment in hospital and community services. We interviewed 21 health authority (HA) prescribing advisers to ascertain how they viewed the managed entry of new medicines in order to identify lessons for PCGs. In addition, we report the views of local prescribing managers on the potential impact of recent government policy changes on the process and speculate on the likely implications of these for primary care groups and trusts. What is clear from the study is that HAs often have no explicit objective in relation to new medicines, but that their desire to act is prompted by fears of overspending on prescribing budgets. The danger of this approach is that patients may be denied cost-effective treatments since all new medicines are seen as a problem. It seems likely that PCG/Ts will face the same dilemmas with which the HA advisers in our study have been wrestling for some time. Recent policy changes in relation to prescribing budgets and new medicines are likely to exacerbate these problems. The tensions between local priority setting, which may mean saying no to new medicines, whilst at the same time eradicating postcode prescribing and balancing budgets means that PCG/Ts face difficult policy choices.
authors.affiliation: Prescribing Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK. ruthmcd@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burrill
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walley
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets; D003363:Cost Control; D016527:Drug Costs; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics*; D005569:Formularies as Topic; D006291:Health Policy; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012040:Regional Health Planning / Q000191:economics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006113:United Kingdom