title: Two initiator-like elements are required for the combined activation of the human apolipoprotein C-III promoter by upstream stimulatory factor and hepatic nuclear factor-4.
abstract: Human apoC-III (-890/+24) promoter activity is strongly activated by hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-4 through its binding to the proximal (-87/-72) element B. This site overlaps the binding site for an activity that we identified as the ubiquitously expressed upstream stimulatory factor (USF) (Ribeiro, A., Pastier, D., Kardassis, D., Chambaz, J., and Cardot, P. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1216-1225). In the present study, we characterized the relationship between USF and HNF-4 in the activation of human apoC-III transcription. Although USF and HNF-4 binding to element B is mutually exclusive, co-transfection experiments in HepG2 cells surprisingly showed a combined effect of USF and HNF-4 in the transactivation of the (-890/+24) apoC-III promoter. This effect only requires the proximal region (-99/+24) of the apoC-III promoter and depends neither on USF binding to its cognate site in element B nor on a USF-dependent facilitation of HNF-4 binding to its site. By contrast, we found by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and footprinting analysis two USF low affinity binding sites, located within the proximal promoter at positions -58/-31 (element II) and -19/-4 (element I), which are homologous to initiator-like element sequence. Co-transfection experiments in HepG2 cells show that a mutation in element II reduces 2-fold the USF transactivation effect on the proximal promoter of apoC-III and that a mutation in element I inhibits the combined effect of USF and HNF-4. In conclusion, these initiator-like elements are directly involved in the transactivation of the apoC-III promoter by USF and are necessary to the combined effect between USF and HNF-4 for the apoC-III transcription.
authors.affiliation: U505 INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pastier
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lacorte
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chambaz
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardot
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001056:Apolipoproteins C / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D001665:Binding Sites; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors
chemical_list: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001056:Apolipoproteins C; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C403128:MLX protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C497181:USF1 protein, human; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors