title: Application of the popliteal lymph node assay in immunotoxicity testing: complementation of the direct popliteal lymph node assay with flow cytometric analyses.
abstract: The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) has been proposed to measure the immunosensitizing potential of chemicals. The direct PLNA detects an immunomodulating effect but does not give insight into the mode of action of the chemical under test. Modifications of this test have been proposed, but they are difficult to perform in routine toxicity testing and require many animals. In the present investigation the direct PLNA was extended with the flow cytometric determinations of: (a) lymphoblasts; (b) the phenotyping of lymphoid subpopulations; (c) the determination of expression of proliferation/activation markers CD25, CD69 and CD62L/CD44 and (d) the analysis of intracellular cytokines interferon gamma, interleukin 2 and interleukin 4. Streptozotocin, hydrazine, HgCl2 and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid were used as model chemicals. The different mode of action of these substances was well documented by the techniques applied. As the proposed flow cytometric methods can easily be performed and do not require additional test animals this complementation of the direct PLNA seems a promising approach in immunotoxicity testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Austrian Research Centers, Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. helga.tuschl@arcs.ac.at
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuschl
authors.forename: Harald T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Landsteiner
authors.forename: Rozika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kovac
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001681:Biological Assay; D015415:Biomarkers; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000633:toxicity; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D006834:Hydrazines; D008627:Mercuric Chloride; D013311:Streptozocin