title: Expression of activation markers and cytokine mRNA by peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cells in atopic and nonatopic childhood asthma: effect of inhaled glucocorticoid therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activated CD8 as well as CD4 T cells contribute to the production of asthma-relevant cytokines in both atopic and nonatopic childhood asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure the percentages of peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing naïve/memory (CD45RA/CD45RO) and activation (HLA-DR, CD25) markers, as well as mRNA-encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in atopic and nonatopic childhood asthmatics and in nonasthmatic controls matched for age and atopic status; and to study the effects of inhaled glucocorticoid therapy of the asthmatics on these measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 17 atopic and 8 nonatopic stable (not acutely ill) asthmatics aged 7 to 16 years with moderate-to-severe disease and from 15 nonasthmatic controls matched for age and atopic status. Activation markers on CD4 and CD8 T cells were measured by flow cytometry, and expression of cytokine mRNA by in situ hybridization with CD4 and CD8 T cells were isolated using magnetic beads. Measurements were repeated in 18 of the asthmatics 4 to 6 months after initiation or escalation of inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for inadequately controlled asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentages of CD4 T cells expressing CD45RO but not CD45RA were elevated in both asthma groups as compared with the relevant controls and were reduced in association with de novo or augmented inhaled glucocorticoid therapy. The percentages of CD8 T cells expressing both markers were not elevated in asthmatics as compared with controls. The percentages of both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR and CD25 were elevated in the asthmatics as compared with controls, and significantly reduced in association with de novo or augmented inhaled glucocorticoid therapy. Elevated percentages of CD4 T cells expressing mRNA encoding IL-4 and IL-5, and CD8 T lymphocytes expressing IL-5, were found in asthmatics as compared with the controls. De novo or augmented inhaled glucocorticoid therapy was associated with significant reductions in the percentages of CD4 T cells expressing IL-5 and IL-4 mRNA, as well as improvements in lung function, symptom scores, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to metacholine (PD20) in both the atopic and nonatopic asthmatics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data are consistent with the hypothesis that both activated CD4 and CD8 T cells are associated with child asthma, and that CD4 T cells make a greater contribution to IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis. Increased dosages of inhaled glucocorticoid resulted in clinical improvement in the asthmatics along with reduced T-cell activation and cytokine mRNA expression, suggesting a possible causal association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. vasiliki@online.no
authors.forename: Vasso
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gemou-Engesaeth
authors.forename: Magne K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Fagerhol
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Qutayba
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: Sverre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
authors.forename: Jens B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Groegaard
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Corrigan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012333:RNA, Messenger