title: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial respiratory pathogens from Norway is low.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the degree of bacterial susceptibility to the most commonly used drugs for respiratory infections in Norway, and to find if bacterial resistance is emerging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and group A streptococci from respiratory tract specimens and from the eye were collected from different parts of Norway during two study periods. During the first period (1993-1994), three laboratories, covering 15% of the Norwegian population, participated. During the second study period in 1997, five laboratories, covering 27% of the population, collected respiratory isolates. In total, 494 isolates of S. pneumoniae, 696 isolates of H. influenzae and 694 isolates of group A streptococci were included in the study. The study population comprised children and adults attending hospital and general practice. Bacterial susceptibility was determined by the E test, and breakpoints were according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of bacterial resistance was low, and we observed no significant increase in bacterial resistance between the two study periods. In 1997, only 0.6% of pneumococci had decreased susceptibility to penicillin, 1.6% of group A streptococci were resistant to erythromycin, and 6.7% of all isolates of H. influenzae produced beta-lactamase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens in Norway is low.
authors.affiliation: Telemark Biomedical Center, Skien, Norway. bjorn-erik.kristiansen@telelab.no
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sandnes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tveten
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vorland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009664:Norway; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents