title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists inhibit HIV-1 replication in macrophages by transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPG) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in various cell types. We investigated the role of PG in the replication of HIV-1 in primary macrophages. The cyPG, PGA(1) and PGA(2), inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Because PGA(1) and PGA(2) have previously been shown to be peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, we examined the effect of synthetic PPARgamma agonists on HIV replication. The PPARgamma agonist ciglitazone inhibited HIV-1 replication in a dose-dependent manner in acutely infected human MDM. In addition, cyPG and ciglitazone reduced HIV replication in latently infected and viral entry-independent U1 cells, suggesting an effect at the level of HIV gene expression. Ciglitazone also suppressed HIV-1 mRNA levels as measured by reverse transcriptase PCR, in parallel with the decrease in reverse transcriptase activity. Co-transfection of PPARgamma wild type vectors and treatment with PPARgamma agonists inhibited HIV-1 promoter activity in U937 cells. Activation of PPARgamma also decreased HIV-1 mRNA stability following actinomycin D treatment. In summary, our experimental findings implicate PPARgamma as an important factor in the suppression of HIV-1 gene expression in MDM by cyPG. Thus natural and synthetic PPARgamma agonists may play a role in controlling HIV-1 infection in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Markovitz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011454:Prostaglandins A / Q000378:metabolism; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011454:Prostaglandins A; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003609:Dactinomycin; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; C100008:prostaglandin A2; C039671:ciglitazone; C100573:prostaglandin A1