title: Expression of the nerve growth factor receptors TrkA and p75NTR in the visual cortex of the rat: development and regulation by the cholinergic input.
abstract: Several lines of evidence have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF), the progenitor of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, plays a fundamental role in the developmental plasticity of the rat visual cortex. However, the expression of NGF receptors (NGFRs) TrkA and p75(NTR) and the possible sites of NGF action in the visual cortex remain to be elucidated so far. Using a highly sensitive ECL immunoblot analysis, we have been able to show, in the present study, that the TrkA protein is expressed in the rat visual cortex and that it is developmentally upregulated during the critical period for cortical plasticity. In contrast, the expression level of the low-affinity NGF receptor p75(NTR) seems to remain nearly constant throughout development. In the analysis of possible pathways involved in the regulation of NGFR expression, we found that neither blockade of the visual input nor NGF administration to the visual cortex resulted in a modulation of NGFR levels of expression. On the other hand, the selective destruction of cholinergic afferents to the visual cortex caused a dramatic, but not complete, reduction of the cortical NGFRs, which suggests that these receptors are located on cholinergic terminals predominantly. At the functional level, we found that, after the elimination of the cholinergic afferents to the visual cortex, the NGF-induced increase of both acetylcholine and glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes was strongly impaired. These results indicate that the cholinergic input is an important mediator of visual cortex responsiveness to NGF action.
authors.affiliation: Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy, and Istituto di Neurofisiologia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56100 Pisa, Italy. frossi@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: Francesco Mattia
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Lamberto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maffei
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008845:Microinjections; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016318:Quisqualic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D000109:Acetylcholine; D011188:Potassium