title: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and tyrosine kinases on IL-1-Induced NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression in bovine articular chondrocytes.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the inducible isoform of the NO synthase (iNOS), plays an important role in the pathophysiology of arthritic diseases. This work aimed at elucidating the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38MAPK and p42/44MAPK, and of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) on interleukin-1beta (IL-1)-induced iNOS expression in bovine articular chondrocytes. The specific inhibitor of the p38MAPK, SB 203580, effectively inhibited IL-1-induced iNOS mRNA and protein synthesis, as well as NO production, while the specific inhibitor of the p42/44MAPK, PD 98059, had no effect. These responses to IL-1 were also inhibited by treatment of the cells with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin B42, which also prevented IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation. The p38MAPK inhibitor, SB 203580, had no effect on IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation. Finally, the p42/44MAPK inhibitor, PD 98059, prevented IL-1-induced AP-1 activation in a concentration that did not inhibit iNOS expression. In conclusion, this study shows that (1) PTK are part of the signaling pathway that leads to IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression; (2) the p38MAPK cascade is required for IL-1-induced iNOS expression; (3) the p42/44MAPK and AP-1 are not involved in IL-1-induced iNOS expression; and (4) NF-kappaB and the p38MAPK lie on two distinct pathways that seem to be independently required for IL-1-induced iNOS expression. Hence, inhibition of any of these two signaling cascades is sufficient to prevent iNOS expression and the subsequent production of NO in articular chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: A Ferreira
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: M Margarida
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Caramona
authors.forename: A Pato
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: M Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology; D002417:Cattle; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011725:Pyridines; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D020032:Tyrphostins; C095512:alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019833:Genistein; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580