title: Radiological evaluation of the urinary tract in children with urinary infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article in to study the association of structural abnormalities of the urinary tract in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) using ultrasound examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  262 children with culture proven urinary tract infection were studied. Antibiotics were given as per sensitivity pattern. All children had an ultrasound of the abdomen done within 3 weeks. A micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) was done in those with abnormalities of the lower urinary tract detected on ultrasound, as well as in those who had recurrence of infection, after a normal ultrasound. IVU and renal isotope scans were done in selected cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All children were followed up until one year after the study period. Fifty-four patients had an underlying urinary tract anomaly; 42 were picked up by ultrasound and 12 by MCU. 22.9% of males and 15.9% of females had anomaly of the urinary tract. Children less than 2 years had the highest incidence of anomalies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pelviureteric junction obstruction with hydronephrosis, vesicoureteric reflux and non-refluxing megaureter are the major anomalies picked up. 20% of children with urinary tract infections have an underlying structural abnormality of the urinary tract, three-fourth of which are picked up on ultrasound. An ultrasound abdomen is recommended in all children after the first UTI. In addition, an MCU is also indicated in all boys below 2 years with UTI, since one-third of anomalies will be missed if only ultrasound is done.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. psgimsr@md3.vsnl.net.in
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jothilakshmi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthai
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*