title: Association between functional polymorphism in EGF gene and malignant melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant melanoma, the most serious cutaneous malignancy, has attracted substantial attention because of its rapidly increasing incidence and the poor prognosis of some tumours. Little is known of the genetic factors that mediate susceptibility to, and outcome of, sporadic malignant melanoma. Because of its role in mitogenesis, which is especially relevant to wound healing, tumorigenesis, and proliferation of epidermal tissues, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an attractive candidate in which to look for genetic polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 135 white European patients with malignant melanoma and 99 healthy white European controls, and screened a selection of DNA samples for polymorphisms in the promoter and 5' untranslated region of the EGF gene by analysis. We then screened DNA samples from all participants for the identified polymorphism by restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In-vitro EGF production was measured in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from 34 controls, and the results were compared with the individuals' EGF genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a single nucleotide substitution (G to A) at position 61 of the EGF gene. Allele frequencies in the controls were 56% EGF 61*A and 44% EGF 61*G. Cells from individuals homozygous for the 61*A allele produced significantly less EGF than cells from 61*G homozygotes (p=0.0004) or heterozygous A/G individuals (p=0.001). Compared with the A/A genotype, G/G was significantly associated with Breslow thickness (p=0.045) and with risk of malignant melanoma (odds ratio 4.9 [95% CI 2.3-10.2], p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that high EGF production might be important in the development of malignant melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahbazi
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pravica
authors.forename: Najma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nasreen
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fakhoury
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strange
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Joy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lear
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ian V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor