title: Effects of vaccination prior to transit and administration of florfenicol at time of arrival in a feedlot on the health of transported calves and detection of Mannheimia haemolytica in nasal secretions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine effects of vaccination prior to transit and prophylactic administration of florfenicol at time of arrival at a feedyard on health of cattle and colonization of the nasopharynx by Mannheimia haemolytica (MH).
  
  
  METHODS
  121 steers from Tennessee and 84 steers from New Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Half of the steers were vaccinated before transport to a feedyard. Steers from Tennessee were vaccinated with MH bacterin-toxoid, and steers from New Mexico were vaccinated intranasally with modified-live leukotoxin-deficient MH. Half of the vaccinates and nonvaccinates were randomly selected to receive florfenicol on arrival at the feedyard. Steers were observed daily for respiratory tract disease (RTD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of florfenicol at time of arrival reduced the incidence of RTD, delayed the interval before onset of RTD, and reduced the incidence of MH colonization of the nasopharynx for at least 4 days, but vaccination did not have any effect. Vaccination elicited an increase in serum antibody titers to MH. Administration of florfenicol at time of arrival reduced the development of serum antibody titers in intranasally vaccinated steers and both groups of nonvaccinated steers, but intranasal vaccination did not affect colonization by wild-type MH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of florfenicol at time of arrival decreased the incidence of MH organisms in the nasopharynx and delayed the onset of RTD. Prophylactic use of suitable antibiotics is likely to reduce the incidence of acute RTD in calves for several days after arrival at feedyards, which is the period when they are most susceptible to infectious organisms.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Glynn H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Glenn C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: Raymond W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Loan
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Purdy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D009516:New Mexico; D015661:Pasteurellaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D013714:Tennessee; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014186:Transportation; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol