title: White blood-cell count and the risk of impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between white blood-cell (WBC) count and the development of diabetes, independent of cigarette smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 2953 Japanese men who were office workers and between 35 and 59 years of age and who did not have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (a fasting glucose concentration of 6.1-6.9 mmol/l), Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (a fasting glucose concentration of > or =7.0 mmol/l or more or receipt of hypoglycaemic medication), medication for hypertension, and a history of cardiovascular disease. Fasting glucose concentrations were measured at annual health examinations from May 1994 through May 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for potential predictors of diabetes, the relative risk for IFG or Type II diabetes mellitus compared with a WBC count of less than 5.3-10(9) cells/l was 1.2 (95 %-CI, 0.6-2.3), 1.6 (CI, 0.8-3.1), and 2.5 (CI, 1.2-5.1) among non-smokers (p for trend = 0.009): and 1.0 (CI, 0.4-2.5), 2.3 (CI, 1.0-5.1), and 3.1 (CI, 1.4-7.1) among ex-smokers (p for trend = 0.001) with WBC counts of 5.3-6.1, 6.2-7.2, and 7.3-10(9) cells/l or more, respectively. Among current smokers, the respective multivariate-adjusted relative risks for IFG or Type II diabetes mellitus were 1.1 (CI, 0.6-2.1), 1.4 (CI, 0.8-2.4), and 1.2 (CI, 0.7-2.1) (p for trend = 0.460).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the selection of a rigorously normoglycaemic cohort might have had an influence on these observations, higher WBC counts seem to predict the development of IFG or Type II diabetes mellitus, primarily in non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Course of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine F2, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. noriyuki@pbhel.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose