title: Influence of cations and total protein of urine on the solubility and probability of urate stone formation in kidneys.
abstract: The solubility of uric acid kidney stones has been studied in water solutions containing ammonium ions, alkaline ions and alkaline earth metals. It was shown that the solubility of uric acid stones depends on the concentration of these cations. The shape of the dependence curve of uric acid stone solubility in solutions containing cations of ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium has an extreme character. It was shown that a maximal balanced solubility of stones occurs in solutions in which the concentrations and ratios of the cations concentrations are equal to their 'normal' value in the urine of healthy persons. The solubility dependence of stones on ammonium ions does not show any extreme and is well approximated with the exponent. Correlation analysis of the above-mentioned cations and also of total protein in urine was carried out in healthy people and patients with uric acid stones. The relationship was determined between the concentrations of cations and total protein in urine, and the formation of uric acid stones in human kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Donetsk, Ukraine. serge_zh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Bilobrov
authors.forename: Nataly M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bogdan
authors.forename: Serge V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Bilobrov
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D002412:Cations; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000652:urine; D012995:Solubility; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014527:Uric Acid