title: Measurements of urinary leptin and capillary leptin: alternative tools for the assessment of the leptin status?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to check whether leptin is reliably measurable in urine samples of children, adolescents, and adults and to examine whether capillary leptin measurements can be utilized as an alternative tool to assess the leptin status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two studies were performed. In both studies, leptin was quantified by an ultrasensitive and highly specific enzyme immunoassay (ELISA; R & D Systems). Anthropometric measures were taken from all study subjects, and body fat was calculated using skinfold thickness measurements. In study 1, leptin was analyzed in 24-hour urine samples of 155 healthy children and adolescents and 26 healthy adults after a methodological modification of the assay necessary for urine analysis. In study 2, venous and capillary blood samples were collected in 26 healthy adults within 10 min on the same day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adapting the assay system to urine matrix, the detection range was 20-160 pg/ml. Only in 2 of 181 urine samples reproducibly measurable urinary leptin concentrations in the lowest detection range were found. In study 2, a close correlation was found between log capillary and log venous leptin concentrations (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) and between log capillary as well as log venous leptin levels and percent body fat (r = 0.86, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results based on one of the most specific and sensitive ELISAs currently available show that leptin is generally undetectable in the urine from healthy children, adolescents and adults. Thus, urinary leptin excretion cannot be used as a noninvasive marker of the leptin status. Our findings in healthy adults show that the merely moderately invasive determination of capillary leptin allows a reliable assessment of the individual leptin status and may be used instead of venous leptin as a biochemical indicator of body fatness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany. dimitrious@fke-do.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dimitriou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huesemann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Remer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002196:Capillaries; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin