title: Real-time rectilinear volumetric imaging.
abstract: Current real-time volumetric scanners use a 2-D array to scan a pyramidal volume consisting of many sector scans stacked in the elevation direction. This scan format is primarily useful for cardiac imaging to avoid interference from the ribs. However, a real-time rectilinear volumetric scan with a wider field of view close to the transducer could prove more useful for abdominal, breast, or vascular imaging. In previous work, computer simulations of very sparse array transducer designs in a rectilinear volumetric scanner demonstrated that a Mills cross array showed the best overall performance given current system constraints. Consequently, a 94 x 94 Mills cross array including 372 active channels operating at 5 MHz has been developed on a flexible circuit interconnect. In addition, the beam former delay software and scan converter display software of the Duke volumetric scanner were modified to achieve real-time rectilinear volumetric scanning consisting of a 30-mm x 8-mm x 60-mm scan at a rate of 47 volumes/s. Real-time rectilinear volumetric images were obtained of tissue-mimicking phantoms, showing a spatial resolution of 1 to 2 mm. Images of carotid arteries in normal subjects demonstrated tissue penetration to 6 cm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. jty1@duke.edu
authors.forename: Jesse T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002306:Cardiac Volume; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*