title: Growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and fecal odorous compounds in growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing hydrolyzed feather meal.
abstract: This study was designed to determine the effects of hydrolyzed feather meal inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and fecal odorous compounds in modern lean growth genotype pigs. Two hundred forty pigs (BW = 23.2 +/- 1.3 kg) were allotted based on BW and sex to a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement of treatments (four pens per treatment; five pigs per pen) in a randomized complete block design. Factors consisted of 1) sex (barrows or gilts) and 2) dietary treatment (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% hydrolyzed feather meal). Diets were formulated to contain 1.00, 0.90, 0.75, or 0.60% apparent ileal digestible lysine for phases 1 to 4, respectively, with other amino acids provided at an ideal ratio. Available P and ME were kept constant within each phase. No significant interactions between feather meal inclusion and sex were observed for growth performance (P > 0.15). Body weight gain was reduced (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 10% feather meal compared to pigs fed 0, 4, or 8% feather meal. Feed intake of pigs fed 10% feather meal was reduced (P < 0.05) compared to pigs fed 0 or 4% feather meal. Ultrasound backfat measurements tended (P = 0.12) to increase with increasing levels of feather meal. Daily lean gain was less (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 10% feather meal than in pigs fed either 0, 2, 4, or 8% feather meal. Digestibility of N measured on wk 9 decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing levels of feather meal. Phosphorus digestibility increased in a linear fashion (P < 0.02), however, the improvement in P digestibility with increasing levels of feather meal was more pronounced in barrows compared to gilts (interaction, P < 0.05). Fecal samples obtained from pigs fed 0, 4, or 8% feather meal were analyzed for odorous compounds. Concentrations of butanoic, pentanoic, and 3-methylbutanoic acid were greater (P < 0.05) and concentrations of 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, indole, and decane were less (P < 0.05) in feces from pigs fed feather meal. These results suggest that feather meal can be included in diets for growing-finishing pigs at a rate of 8%. Excretion of N in feces increased but P excretion decreased with increasing levels of feather meal. Odorous compounds in feces can be affected by the inclusion of hydrolyzed feather meal, but the exact impact of these changes on odor perception remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA. Eric_vanHeugten@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Heugten
authors.forename: T A T G
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: van Kempen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion; D005241:Feathers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen