title: Genotyping and antifungal susceptibility of human subgingival Candida albicans isolates.
abstract: Subgingival colonization by Candida albicans has been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, but subgingival isolates have scarcely been characterized, particularly with respect to genotype and antifungal susceptibility. A series of 29 subgingival strains of C. albicans isolated from nine HIV-infected individuals was typed by electrophoretic karyotyping and tested for susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, the new investigational triazole posaconazole and amphotericin B. DNA typing showed genetic heterogeneity within subgingival isolates, as almost every individual harbored his/her own specific isolate. Genetic identity was usually demonstrated within oral and subgingival isolates simultaneously collected from the same individual, but a number of DNA types were found to be unique to subgingival strains. These findings suggest that colonization is not just the result of Candida spreading from oral surfaces, and that subgingivally adapted strains could be involved. All isolates were susceptible to all the triazole drugs tested and amphotericin B. Additional studies on subgingival Candida colonization and further characterization of subgingival isolates are now required to clarify the role of Candida as opportunistic periodontal pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, Section of Periodontology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy. giuseppe.pizzo@inwind.it
authors.forename: Giuseppi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barchiesi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falconi Di Francesco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giuliana
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arzeni
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Milici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scalise
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D014230:Triazoles; D017964:Itraconazole; C101425:posaconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole