title: Evaluation of the international phage typing set and some experimental phages for typing of Listeria monocytogenes from poultry in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The validity of the international phage set and 13 experimental phages for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from poultry in Spain was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six L. monocytogenes strains (52 from serogroup 1/2 and 44 from serogroup 4) were phage-typed using the international phage set, 10 experimental phages for typing serogroup 1/2 strains (seven isolated in France: 1313, 9425, 1807, 351, 881, 717 and 586-, and three from Denmark: 5775, 12682 and 6223-) and three experimental phages isolated in France for typing serogroup 4 strains (2425 A, 4286 and 197). Percentages of serogroup 1/2, serogroup 4 and total phage-typeable strains were 57.7%, 52.3% and 55.2%, respectively. Important differences in the behaviour of the phages tested were found. The typeability rate, the specificity index and the percentage of strong reactions were greater in the phages of international set than in the experimental phages. The number of phage typeable strains and the number of phage types (42) were not modified by the use of experimental phages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phage set used was not effective for typing L. monocytogenes strains from poultry in Spain, because a low typeability rate was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest the importance of the availability of new phages specific to a geographical area in order to improve the typeability of the system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, Spain. dhtrcg@unileon.es
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Capita
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso-Calleja
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mereghetti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Camino García-Fernández
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D007391:International Cooperation; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013030:Spain