title: Physiological changes associated with downsizing of personnel and reorganisation in the health care sector.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to assess potential physiological changes associated with downsizing/reorganisation in the health care sector. The personnel reductions (1995-1997) in the studied regional hospital corresponded to one fifth of the personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a longitudinal study, female personnel had blood sampled twice (8 a.m. and 4 p.m.) during a working day in 1997 (in connection with the last completed round of personnel redundancies) and 1 year later in 1998. The participants were 31 women (82% of those initially sampled ); there were 14 registered nurses, 11 assistant nurses and 6 medical secretaries. No additional drop outs took place during follow-up. Outcome variables were changes in the difference in serum cortisol levels between the morning and afternoon and in serum/plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), oestradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), prolactin and apolipoproteins AI and B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly decreased serum/plasma concentrations of IgG (p < 0.001), apolipoprotein AI (p < 0.001) and oestradiol (p < 0.001) were found. The difference between morning and afternoon serum cortisol decreased, with a change at the significance level of p = 0.05. No significant changes were observed regarding prolactin, DHEAS and apolipoprotein B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results could be an indication that protective and anabolic functions had suffered in these remaining 'ageing' female work groups. The circadian cortisol rhythm was possibly flattened, which could be a sign of physiological dysfunction associated with the long-lasting adaptation process. These conclusions are tentative, given the small size of the sample and the lack of a control group. However, the findings point to the significance of studies of physiological changes possibly associated with restructuring of the health care sector.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hertting
authors.forename: Töres
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theorell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D019981:Health Care Sector; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009726:Nurses; D020415:Personnel Downsizing; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone