title: Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for presurgical planning--correlation with functional MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes the potential of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to map the motor cortex in patients with mass lesions near the primary motor cortex by comparing the results of this technique to those of functional MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with mass lesions near the central sulcus were studied preoperatively using a figure-of-eight transcranial magnetic stimulator attached to a neuronavigation system to allow for direct visualization of the stimulated brain region. Subsequently, in all patients a blood oxygenation level dependent 2D multislice multishot T2*-weighted gradient echo EPI sequence on a 1.5 T Philips Gyroscan during motor activation was performed. Results of both methods were coregistered and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distances between the peak parenchymal fMRI activation and the cortical area where TMS elicited the maximum MEPs ranged between 0 and 1.2 cm (mean 0.6 cm, SD 0.4 cm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that navigated TMS is a reliable alternative for localizing the motor-related areas in the human brain preoperatively and therefore may be a useful adjunct or, in selected patients, even a helpful alternative to functional MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of the University of Technology, Aachen, Germany. tkrings@izkf.rwth.aachen.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krings
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Foltys
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Reinges
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kemeny
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spetzger
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gilsbach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen