title: Parental [correction of Perinatal] consanguinity: a risk factor for developmental delay in Pakistani children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of parental consanguinity and delayed development in terms of gross motor, fine motor, speech and social aspects in their children.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy seven children (age 15 days--72 months) were evaluated for their developmental status utilizing the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). An unmatched case-control study design was used. Case group consisted of 94 children and control group 83 children. Odds ratios were calculated for parental consanguinity and delay in gross and fine motor, speech and social development in their children, for cases and controls, utilizing Binary Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. Acquired delay was excluded through detailed birth history in both cases and control group respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed high significant Odds ratios for all areas of developmental delay (viz. gross and fine motor, speech and social development), between cases and controls (p < .001). At the multivariate analysis level however, our results showed no increased risk of parental consanguinity on delayed gross and fine motor, speech and social development in their children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show no increased risk of parental consanguinity on delayed gross and fine motor, speech or social development (as measured by the DDST), in their children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003241:Consanguinity; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010154:Pakistan; D012307:Risk Factors