title: [Re-education of the anal sphincter in patients with myelomeningocele].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of biofeedback techniques based on manometrical procedures in the treatment of defecation disorders in patients with myelomeningocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 24 patients with myelomeningocele, aged 13 days to 15 years, who were referred to our Instrumental Diagnosis Unit for evaluation of anorectal function, or constipation and/or fecal incontinence study. Biofeedback was given to 12 patients who fulfilled the following criteria: age more than 5 years, existence of anorectal sensitivity with a perceptual threshold of less than 60 ml of rectal expansion, ability to contract and relax the gluteus muscles and thus be able to exercise pressure on the anal margin, and collaboration on the part of child and the family. As a complement defecatory maneuvers were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 4 and 65 sessions took place (35.14 19.97) after which rectal perceptual volume decreased from 24.66 14.13 to 3.33 2.95 ml and pressure on the anal margin increased from 45.62 17.82 to 114.37 13.99 mmHg. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Clear clinical improvement was produced in 10 of 12 patients who achieved good fecal continence with spontaneous depositions. Partial improvement was produced in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider that biofeedback based on manometrical procedures is more useful than other conservative therapies in the treatment of defecatory problems in patients with myelomeningocele. In most patients this technique produces clinical improvement with satisfactory continence and without the drawbacks of other procedures.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Badajoz, Spain. geblafer@navegalia.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanco Fernández
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blesa Sierra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Núñez Núñez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez Quintana
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vargas Muñoz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blesa Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000502:physiology; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008365:Manometry; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications*