title: A rapid staining technique for the detection of the initiation of germination of bacterial spores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We propose to apply the Wirtz-Conklin staining technique to evaluate spore germination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spores at different stages of germination were stained with modified spore stain (Wirtz-Conklin) and evaluated for staining properties. Bacillus spores suspended in deionized water, which does not support germination, stained greenish-blue. Spores suspended in germination enhancers that did not form bacilli stained pink, indicating the initiation of germination. Spores suspended in culture media, which promotes bacterial outgrowth, formed bacilli and were also stained pink.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified spore stain (Wirtz-Conklin) was found to be useful to detect the initiation of spore germination as early as 30 min following incubation in a germination environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This simple staining procedure is useful in detecting the initiation of germination of bacterial spores.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Department of Medicine, and Center for Biological Nanotechnology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0648, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamouda
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors