title: Polycystic ovarian syndrome and thrombophilia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) elevations. Since thrombophilic states correlate with high miscariage rates, as does PCOS, this study aimed at looking for thrombophilic predisposition in PCOS women compared with non-PCOS controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of antithrombin III, protein S and protein C deficiencies, as well as factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A factor and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations, was compared between two different groups of women, one with PCOS (n = 30) and one without PCOS (n = 45).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median proportions of activated protein C, S and antithrombin III as well as the activated protein C ratios were within normal ranges in both samples. There was no evidence that the genetic analysis for factor V Leiden or prothrombin factor differed between the two samples. The odds ratio (OR) of bearing a mutation on the MTHFR gene was 1.2-fold higher [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.470-3.065] in women with PCOS than in women without (P = 0.83). Although this difference is not statistically significant, it might indicate a slightly higher prevalence of heterozygous genotypes in women with PCOS (OR = 1.197, 95% CI 0.473-3.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular risk factors of hereditary thrombophilia do not show increased prevalence in women with PCOS in comparison with women in the general population. The existence of a possible trend towards higher prevalence of MTHFR mutation in women with PCOS needs further study, particularly regarding homocysteine levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina 45500, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsanadis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vartholomatos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Korkontzelos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Avgoustatos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kakosimos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotiriadis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatsioni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eleftheriou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lolis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D016017:Odds Ratio; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis; D017293:Protein S / Q000032:analysis; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; C095381:factor V Leiden; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)