title: [Retrocaval ureter].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the diagnosis of retrocaval ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 cases of retrocaval ureter with an average age of 33.4 years were reported. The diagnosis of this disease depends on urography and retrograde ureterography. Operation was the principal treatment. Ureter orthopedics and reduction were performed in 19 cases of type 1 (low loop) except one case of type II (high loop). After removing 3 - 4 cm retrocaval ureter with pathological changes, we anastomosed the ureter without tension and regained its normal anatomic position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B-ultrasound and excretory urography showed no stenosis and improvement of hydronephrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureter orthopedics and reduction are ideal for the treatment of retrocaval ureter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult