title: Cleft lip and palate: a review for dentists.
abstract: The goals of primary closure of cleft lip and palate include not only re-establishing normal insertions for all of the nasolabial muscles but also restoring the normal position of all the other soft tissues, including the mucocutaneous elements. Conventional surgical wisdom, which recommends waiting until growth is complete before undertaking surgical correction of the postoperative sequelae of primary cheiloplasty, carries with it many disadvantages. If, after primary surgery of the lip, orolabial dysfunctions remain, they will exert their nefarious influences during growth and will themselves lead to long term dentofacial imbalances. These imbalances can significantly influence facial harmony. Unless accurate, symmetric and functional reconstruction of the nasolabial muscles is achieved during the primary surgery, not only will the existing dentoskeletal imbalances be exaggerated, but other deformities will be caused during subsequent growth, among which the most important are nasal obstruction and mouth breathing, reduced translation of the maxilla, dysymmetry of the nose and inability of the patient to symmetrically project the upper lip
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5. d.s.precious@dal.ca
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Precious
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goodday
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000209:etiology; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors