title: Apolipoprotein E4 inhibits, and apolipoprotein E3 promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured adult mouse cortical neurons through the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.
abstract: The apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the mechanism is unknown. We previously demonstrated that apoE isoforms differentially modulated neurite outgrowth in embryonic neurons and in neuronal cell lines. ApoE3 increased neurite outgrowth whereas apoE4 decreased outgrowth, suggesting that apoE4 may directly affect neurons in the brain. In the present study we examined the effects of apoE on neurite outgrowth from cultured adult mouse cortical neurons to examine if adult neurons respond the same way that embryonic cells do. The results from this study demonstrated that (1) cortical neurons derived from adult apoE-gene knockout (apoE KO) mice have significantly shorter neurites than neurons from adult wild-type (WT) mice; (2) incubation of cortical neurons from adult apoE KO mice with human apoE3 increased neurite outgrowth, whereas human apoE4 decreased outgrowth in a dose-dependent fashion; (3) the isoform specific effects were abolished by incubation of the neurons with either receptor associated protein (RAP) or lactoferrin, both of which block the interaction of apoE-containing lipoproteins with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). These data suggest a potential mechanism whereby apoE4 may play a role in regenerative failure and accelerate the development of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, IL 61920, USA. cfbpn@eiu.edu
authors.forename: Britto P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: Yanwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Gene K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Struble
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D026563:LDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D026563:LDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated Protein; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D007781:Lactoferrin