title: The impact of antihypertensive drug groups on urinary albumin excretion in a non-diabetic population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microalbuminuria (30-300 mg 24 h-1) is recognized to be independently associated with renal and cardiovascular risk. Antihypertensives may lower microalbuminuria. We questioned whether the use of different antihypertensive drug classes in general practice influences microalbuminuria as related to blood pressure in nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study this, we used the data from 6836 subjects of an on-going population based study, focused on the meaning of microalbuminuria (PREVEND). Odds ratios, adjusted for age, sex, blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking and the use of other antihypertensive or cardiovascular drugs, were calculated to determine the association of drug groups with microalbuminuria. Influence of antihypertensives on the relation between blood pressure and (log) urinary albumin excretion was determined by comparing linear regression lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microalbuminuria was significantly associated with the use of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (odds ratio: 1.76 [1.22-2.54]), but not with other antihypertensive drug groups. The linear regression line of the relation between blood pressure and (log) urinary albumin excretion was significantly steeper (P = 0.0047) for users of calcium channel blockers, but not for other antihypertensives, compared with subjects using no antihypertensive. Users of a combination of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and diuretics however, had a less steep regression line (P = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a disadvantageous effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on microalbuminuria compared with other antihypertensive drug groups. Thus, if microalbuminuria is causally related to an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, dihydropyridines do not seem to be agents of choice to lower blood pressure. Furthermore, the combination of renin-angiotensin system inhibition and diuretics seems to act synergistically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoepidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), A Deisinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Taco B M
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Monster
authors.forename: Wilbert M T
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Lolkje T W
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: de Jong-van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000652:urine; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines