title: Current research activity in the measurement of thorium and the identification of future research needs.
abstract: A pre-requisite in the setting and enforcement of regulatory limits for exposure to thorium in the workplace is that thorium and its progeny can be accurately measured. Literature surveys have shown that the majority of thorium measurements were performed using either a radiochemical technique, such as alpha or gamma spectroscopy, or ICP-MS. For many methods. there was a separation step to isolate and pre-concentrate thorium from the sample matrix. Thorium was most commonly measured in geological matrices and industrial materials. A survey of current research activity was performed through distribution of a questionnaire to laboratories and national centres. From the rcsponses, four areas of current activity were identified: (i) development of methods for low level thorium determination, (ii) biological monitoring and metabolism of thorium, (iii) environmental monitoring for thorium, and (iv) health risks from X ray contract media. Two key areas for priority research were identified by the thorium Thematic Network: namely sample preparation methods and for traceable standards and reference materials for thorium analysis.
authors.affiliation: mark.white@hse.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D009501:Neutron Activation Analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013910:Thorium / Q000032:analysis*; D014965:X-Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D013910:Thorium