title: Effects of temperature, pH, water activity and CO2 concentration on growth of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of temperature, pH, water activity (aw) and CO2 concentration on the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyphal extension rates from mycelial and spore inocula were measured on media with different aw (approximately 1.0, 0.98 and 0.96) and pH (3.5, 5.5 and 7.5) incubated at 30, 37 or 42 degrees C in atmospheres containing 0.03, 12.5 or 25% (v/v) CO2. The effects of environmental conditions on hyphal extension rate were modelled using surface response methodology. The rate of hyphal extension was very sensitive to pH, exhibiting a pronounced optimum at pH 5.5-5.8. The hyphal extension rate was less sensitive to temperature, aw or CO2, exhibiting maximum rates at 42 degrees C, a(w) approximately 1.0 and 0.03% (v/v) CO2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fastest hyphal extension rate (1.7 mm h(-1)) was predicted to occur at 42 degrees C, pH 5.85, a(w) approximately 1.0 and 0.03% CO2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present work is the first to model the simultaneous effects of temperature, pH, aw and CO2 concentration on mould growth. The information relates to tempe fermentation and to possible control of the microflora in Tanzanian cassava heap fermentations.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sparringa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westby
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004777:Environment; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide