title: Vision-related quality of life impairment in an elderly UK population: associations with age, sex, social class and material deprivation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of vision-related quality of life (VR-QOL) impairment in an elderly UK population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey, using the VCM1 questionnaire, was based on an age- and sex-stratified random population sample of 2783 individuals aged 55 years or over.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand eight hundred and forty-six (69.7%) of 2647 eligible subjects responded. One thousand six hundred and eighty-three individuals completed all 10 VCM1 items. Overall the prevalence of a VCM1 score >2.0 ('more than a little' concern about vision) was 4.6% (95% CI = 3.7% to 5.7%), leading to an estimate of more than 550,000 individuals in England with substantial VR-QOL impairment. The prevalence increased with age from 2.1% in the 55-64 year age group to 17.9% in the group aged 85 years and older. The prevalence also increased as social class became lower, from 0 in social class I to 10.2% in social class V, and increased with increasing material deprivation, from 1.2% in the most affluent quintile to 6.8% in the most deprived quintile. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.0001), decreasing social class (p = 0.03) and increasing material deprivation (p = 0.008) were independently associated with VR-QOL impairment (VCM1 score >2.0), whilst gender and means of questionnaire administration were not associated with VR-QOL impairment at the 5% level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest a substantial national prevalence of VR-QOL impairment, and are consistent with earlier studies linking ocular disease with social deprivation. Consideration should be given to directing resources more carefully towards groups at higher risk of VR-QOL impairment, in particular the very elderly and socially deprived.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Eye Hospital, UK. Andy.Frost@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eachus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davey-Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*