title: The burden of invasive pneumococcal disease and the potential for reduction by immunisation.
abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes invasive disease world-wide and in all age groups. The reported incidence varies geographically and is increased in certain population groups. The incidence is highest in children less than 2 years and is also increased in the elderly. Mortality remains substantial even in the developed world despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The emergence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci highlights the importance of immunisation as a means to prevent disease. This review discusses the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, identifies high-risk patients and analyses evidence for vaccine efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Helena K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dockrell
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines