title: Development and application of an isolated perfused rat liver model to study the stimulation and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production ex vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) model with low baseline levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the outlet perfusate to study the effects of immunostimulants and immunosuppressants on the release of TNF-alpha from this organ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat livers were perfused with a buffer containing no albumin or three different bovine serum albumin (BSA) preparations. Using the no-albumin perfusate, the inhibitory effects of methylprednisolone (MP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated release of TNF-alpha were studied in livers isolated 1 or 5 h after the intravenous administration (5 mg/kg) of MP. The concentrations of TNF-a in the outlet perfusates were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of albumin, the perfusate levels of TNF-alpha were close to zero. However, when the perfusate contained BSA. the TNF-alpha levels in the perfusate reached as high as 1200 pg/ml at steady state. An injection of LPS into IPRLs perfused with a no-albumin perfusate resulted in mean (+/- SD) TNF-alpha steady-state concentrations of 825 +/- 125 pg/ml. The pretreatment of rats with MP before liver harvest attenuated the LPS-induced TNF-alpha release in the livers. However, the attenuation was substantial (>60%) and was statistically significant only 5 h after pretreatment with MP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perfusates containing BSA may result in nonphysiologically high levels of TNF-alpha. An IPRL with a no-albumin perfusate is more suitable for studies of the stimulation and inhibition of TNF-alpha production by this organ.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo 79106, USA. rmehavar@ama.ttuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehvar
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008775:Methylprednisolone