title: Predictors of weight gain and cardiovascular risk in a cohort of racially diverse kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal transplantation is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and marked racial and ethnic disparities in graft and patient survival. We characterized differences in racial and ethnic susceptibility to weight gain, diabetes, and alterations in circulating lipid levels and isolated independent predictors of those changes in a diverse population of kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data for this analysis were drawn from a prospectively collected database of 506 renal transplant recipients obtained between 1983 and 1998. Univariate and multivariate analyses characterized differences in outcomes and predictors of cardiovascular risk by race and ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all recipients, coronary artery disease was the most common cause of death, and African-American recipients had the shortest graft survival and the highest percentage of deaths. At 1 y post-transplantation, 39% of African-American recipients were obese (body mass index > 30), and the odds ratios for post-transplant diabetes were 3.5 and 5 times greater in non-white and obese recipients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple regression analysis confirmed the predominant independent effect of African American race or ethnicity on weight gain; however, hypercholesterolemia was independent of race or ethnicity and predicted by cyclosporine treatment and post-transplant diabetes. Therefore, kidney transplantation represents a state of accelerated atherogenic risk induced in part by the metabolic effects of immunosuppressive medications and compounded by marked racial and ethnic disparities in weight gain and diabetes risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. baum@uic.edu
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thielke
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Westin
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cicalese
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benedetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol