title: Nods: a family of cytosolic proteins that regulate the host response to pathogens.
abstract: Genetic variation in Nod2 is associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nod2 and its homologue, Nod1, are members of a growing family of cytosolic factors related to the apoptosis regulator Apaf-1 and a class of plant disease resistance proteins. Nod1 and Nod2 confer responsiveness to lipopolysaccharides and interact with RICK, a mediator of NF-kappaB activation. Nod1 and Nod2 and related Nods appear to regulate the host response to pathogens, a process that may be faulty in certain inflammatory diseases. Recent studies that suggest that Nods may be involved in the recognition of pathogen components in the cytosol of mammalian cells are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ino@umich.edu
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nuñez
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000235:genetics; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008322:Mammals / Q000276:immunology*; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D011506:Proteins; C073986:nodS protein, Rhizobiaceae; D008780:Methyltransferases