Update on the cardiometabolic syndrome.
An array of metabolic, hemodynamic, and renal abnormalities constitutes the cardiometabolic syndrome. A hallmark of this syndrome is visceral obesity and associated insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia. The syndrome is also associated with essential hypertension, abnormalities in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and heart rate, the diabetic dyslipidemic syndrome, hypercoagulability, hyperuricemia, increased cardiovascular inflammation, and microalbuminuria, all of which contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This article reviews current knowledge about the interrelationship of the various factors that make up the cardiometabolic syndrome and its implications for individuals with and without diabetes mellitus.
Sowers
J R
JR
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, State University of New York Downstate, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA. jsowers@netmail.hscbklyn.edu
D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000378:metabolism; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity; D012307:Risk Factors