title: [The detection of high risk human papillomaviruses in papillary transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the histological evidence of high risk human papillomavirus infection in bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  52 cases of papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were studied for the incorporation of high risk human papillomavirus type 16 and type 18 DNA by non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  19 of 52 cases (36.5%) were positive for HPV DNA with punctuate and/or diffuse purple-blue staining in the nucleus of cancer cells, including two cases positive both for HPV16/18. HPV DNA were predominantly expressed in superficial tumors. Among these positive tumors, adjacent normal epithelium and Brunn's nests also showed positive staining. Morphologically, HPV positive cells existed in the whole layer of papillary tumor cells, 3 of them presented koilocytoid change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection might be a common event in urinary bladder and a potential factor for carcinogenesis of bladder cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, First Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100034.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral