title: Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography in 5,798 patients: is there a gender difference?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the effect of gender on the prognostic value of exercise echocardiography.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Limited information exists regarding gender differences in prognostic value of exercise echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained follow-up (3.2 +/- 1.7 years) in 5,798 consecutive patients who underwent exercise echocardiography for evaluation of known or suspected coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 3,322 men (mean age 62 +/- 12 years) and 2,476 women (mean age 62 +/- 12 years) (p = 0.7). New or worsening wall motion abnormalities developed with exercise in 35% of men and 25% of women (p = 0.001). Cardiac events, including cardiac death (107 patients) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (148 patients), occurred in 5.3% of men and 3.1% of women (p = 0.001). Addition of the percentage of ischemic segments to the clinical and rest echocardiographic model provided incremental information in predicting cardiac events for both men (chi(2) = 137 to 143, p = 0.014) and women (chi(2) = 72 to 76, p = 0.046). By multivariate analysis, exercise electrocardiographic and exercise echocardiographic predictors of cardiac events in both men and women were workload and exercise wall motion score index. There was no significant interaction effect of rest echocardiography (p = 0.79), exercise electrocardiography (p = 0.38) or exercise echocardiography (p = 0.67) with gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cardiac events occurred more frequently in men, the incremental value of exercise echocardiography was comparable in both genders. Of all exercise electrocardiographic and exercise echocardiographic variables, workload and exercise wall motion score index had the strongest association with outcome. The results of exercise echocardiography have comparable implications in both men and women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Adelaide M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arruda-Olson
authors.forename: Eldyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Juracan
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: McCully
authors.forename: Veronique L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pellikka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors