title: Orosomucoid in urine predicts cardiovascular and over-all mortality in patients with Type II diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary orosomucoid excretion rate is increased in a substantial proportion of patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and normal urinary albumin excretion rate. The aim of this study was to determine whether increased urinary orosomucoid excretion rate is predictive of increased mortality in patients with Type II diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort study including 430 patients with Type II diabetes, baseline urinary samples were analysed for orosomucoid and albumin. Mean follow-up was 2.4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 188 (44 %) patients had normal and 242 (56 %) patients had increased urinary orosomucoid excretion rates. During the study period 41 patients died; out of these 23 patients died of cardiovascular diseases. Odds ratio for all-cause mortality was 2.50 (95 % CI 1.00-6.22) and odds ratio for cardiovascular mortality was 9.81 (1.31-73.6) having increased urinary orosomucoid excretion rate at baseline (odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, weight, medication, HbA1 c, plasma creatinine and urinary albumin excretion rate). Urinary albumin excretion rate was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality when urinary orosomucoid excretion rate was not included in the analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed that 39 % of the patients with normal urinary albumin excretion rate (n = 251) had increased urinary orosomucoid excretion rates and that these patients had a higher cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.007) than patients with normal urinary albumin excretion rate and normal urinary orosomucoid excretion rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that urinary orosomucoid excretion rate predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with Type II diabetes independently from other risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Amager Hospital, Italiensvej 1, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. merete.skovdal@ah.hosp.dk
authors.forename: Merete S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hommel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magid
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feldt-Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000401:mortality* / Q000652:urine; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000401:mortality / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000652:urine*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D009961:Orosomucoid