title: Nutrient intake and body weight in a large HIV cohort that includes women and minorities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the baseline nutrient intake of an HIV positive population that includes significant representation from women and minorities, and determine the relationship between state of disease and nutritional intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from a prospective study (Nutrition for Healthy Living).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with HIV in the Boston and Rhode Island area (n = 516); 25% were women and 30% were minorities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutrient intakes from 3-day food records, which included vitamin/mineral supplements, were estimated by gender and nonwhite vs white categories, after grouping by CD4 lymphocyte counts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spearman correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi2 test, and restricted cubic spline model were used for data analyses as indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macronutrient but not micronutrient intake was statistically and inversely associated with decreasing CD4 cell counts. The median intake of micronutrients was higher in the study sample compared with the same age and gender group in NHANES III data; however, 25% to 35% of the women in our study sample had dietary intakes of less than 75% of the DRIs for vitamins A, C, E and B-6, and iron and zinc. White men had statistically higher values of all micronutrients compared with nonwhite men. Body mass index for men and women ranged from 23 to 25.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Median values for micronutrient intake from food plus vitamin/mineral supplements were adequate in the overall population studied, but a large percent of women and minorities had inadequate nutrient intakes and would benefit from dietary assessment and counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass 02111, USA. margo.wood@opal.tufts.edu
authors.forename: Margo N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Tamsin A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: Joan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Connors
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Marisela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Jean H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sherwood L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gorbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008913:Minority Groups; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins