title: Effects of a fundholding discontinuation. An Israeli health maintenance organization natural experiment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of fundholding on cost containment and after termination of the project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care practices participating in the project were allocated an itemized budget. Practices assumed authority for hospitalization, drugs, ambulatory medical diagnostic, consultant services and acquisition of minor equipment. Financial incentives were offered, but no penalties were imposed on practices where expenditure exceeded budget.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine primary care practices in southern Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total expenditure and a breakdown of expenditure per capita.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fundholding practice expenditure was compared with expenditure in the district as a whole. During the study period, total expenditure in fundholding practices rose by 12%, whereas that of the district rose by 37%. With discontinuation of the project, expenditure of the designated practices returned to the original levels, equivalent to those of the district.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fundholding is an efficient method of cost-containment. The effect will be long lasting only if motivation is maintained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. aasher@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elhayany
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherf
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reuveni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shvartzman
mesh_terms: D002017:Budgets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003363:Cost Control; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D015397:Program Evaluation