title: Secondary nonresponsiveness to botulinum toxin type A in patients with oromandibular dystonia.
abstract: Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A is the treatment of choice for most cases of oromandibular dystonia. We report on five patients with oromandibular dystonia that developed secondary nonresponsiveness to botulinum toxin type A following multiple injections over a 6-year period.
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. cadler@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Stewart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Factor
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brin
authors.forename: Kapil D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Sethi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004421:Dystonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A