title: Residential and commercial painters' exposure to lead during surface preparation.
abstract: The California Painters Project was a 2-year intervention research project aimed at preventing lead poisoning among a group of residential and commercial painters in San Francisco, Calif. As part of this project 12 contractors invited project staff to conduct employee exposure monitoring. Twenty-five full-shift samples were collected, with 8-hr TWA results ranging from 0.8 to 550 microg/m3 (arithmetic mean: 57 microg/m3). Six of the 25 samples (24%) were above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit; all of these involved dry manual sanding or uncontrolled power sanding. Fifty-eight 30-minute task-specific samples also were collected. The arithmetic mean concentration results for heat gun use, wet sanding, and open flame burning were all under 10 microg/m3; the mean concentration for HEPA-exhausted power sanding was 33 microg/m3; dry manual scraping, 71 microg/m3; dry manual sanding, 420 microg/m3; and uncontrolled power sanding, 580 microg/m3. Analysis and modeling based on the 30-min results for dry manual sanding and uncontrolled power sanding indicate that painters' full-shift exposures often exceed 500 microg/m3 and the OSHA assigned level of protection for a half-mask air-purifying respirator. These results are cause for concern because both of these surface preparation methods are widely performed wearing half-mask respirators. The data show that HEPA-exhausted power sanding reduces paint dust exposure levels by approximately 80 to 90%. These tools should be more widely promoted as a safer alternative work method.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, Occupational Health Branch, California Department of Health Services, Oakland, USA. pscholz@dhs.ca.gov
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Materna
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uratsu
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D002140:California; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010150:Paint; D012307:Risk Factors; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust; D007854:Lead