title: Cyclic-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-stimulated c-fos gene transcription involves distinct calcium pathways in single beta-cells.
abstract: In beta-cells activation of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-signaling cascade stimulates c-fos mRNA expression, which involves cAMP- and Ca(2+)-mediated mechanisms. To delineate potential crosstalk between both pathways at the transcriptional level we simultaneously measured c-fos promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression and cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in single beta-cells (HIT-T15). Forskolin stimulated a rapid rise in cellular cAMP and in [Ca(2+)](i) through activation of voltage-sensitive Ca(2+)-influx and enhanced wild-type c-fos promoter-driven EGFP (pF711d2EGFP) expression about 4-fold after 6 h. The voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel (VSCC)-blocker nifedipine, which completely blocked the forskolin-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i), partially inhibited the forskolin-induced increase in pF711d2EGFP expression, while it was completely abolished in Ca(2+)-free medium. VSCC-dependent Ca(2+)-influx per se when stimulated by K(+) (45 mM) increased pF711d2EGFP expression only minimally. No correlations could be delineated between the forskolin-induced amplitude of the Ca(2+) signal and the expression of pF711d2EGFP at the single cell level, which may indicate that small rises in [Ca(2+)](i) are sufficient to fully activate the Ca(2+)-dependent pathways required for cAMP-dependent c-fos promoter regulation. In experiments with various deletion constructs of the c-fos promoter, it could be shown that cAMP-mediated activation of the c-fos promoter involves both the cAMP-responsive element (CRE) and the serum-responsive element (SRE). While nifedipine completely abrogated the cAMP-dependent activation of c-fos transcription via the SRE, the CRE-mediated effect of cAMP on the c-fos promoter remained unaffected by nifedipine. Thus, cAMP and Ca(2+) are required for full c-fos promoter activation by the cAMP-signaling pathway in beta-cells. cAMP-dependent Ca(2+)-influx through VSCC is crucial for c-fos gene transcription via the SRE, whereas cAMP-mediated activation of the CRE demands Ca(2+)-influx, which is distinct from voltage-sensitive Ca(2+)-influx. This indicates a complex interplay between cAMP and Ca(2+) in controlling c-fos gene transcription and suggests that the mode of Ca(2+) entry may differentially act on signaling pathways leading to gene transcription in beta-cells.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Klinische Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623, Hannover, Germany. schoefl.christof@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schöfl
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergwitz
authors.forename: Lubomir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arseniev
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von zur Muhlen
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brabant
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000187:drug effects; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002118:Calcium