title: Basic parameters of saccadic eye movements--differences between unmedicated schizophrenia and affective disorder patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) dysfunctions are considered a biological marker for schizophrenia and have been studied widely. In contrast, saccadic eye movements have received less attention, although disturbances have been described previously. Basic neurophysiologic parameters of saccades in schizophrenics, especially in unmedicated patients, have not been studied extensively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saccadic eye movements of 38 unmedicated schizophrenic patients, 32 patients with major depression and 42 non-psychiatric controls were examined using high-resolution infrared oculography. Two large-amplitude saccadic tasks were presented. The groups were compared on peak velocity, reaction time and accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak velocity was significantly increased in schizophrenic patients. Depressive patients had a significantly longer reaction time. Both patient groups needed more corrective saccades to reach the target than controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peak velocity distinguishes unmedicated schizophrenic patients from depressive patients and normal controls. This could be explained by deficits of the prefrontal cortex in the inhibitory control of saccades. Our findings suggest that schizophrenia affects not only SPEM but also saccadic eye movements.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik der Freien Universität Berlin, Germany. mahlberg@zedat.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahlberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinacher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackert
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Flechtner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology