title: Early ST-segment recovery, infarct artery blood flow, and long-term outcome after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early resolution of ST-segment deviation (ST recovery) on the postthrombolytic electrocardiograms and restoration of "normal" blood flow in the infarct-related artery are associated with improved outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  To evaluate the relationships between ST recovery, infarct-related artery flow, and late survival we studied 766 patients with electrocardiograms recorded at a median of 167 minutes after thrombolytic therapy. Angiography was performed at 3 weeks, and follow-up was done at a median of 6.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-8.4). At 10 years, the survival rates were 55% (95% CI 43-70) in patients with <30% ST recovery in the single lead with maximum ST elevation, 71% (95% CI 64-79) in those with 30% to 70% ST recovery, and 74% (95% CI 68-82) in those with >70% ST recovery (P =.0005), whereas ST recovery measured as the sum of voltage changes of either ST deviation (elevation or depression) or ST elevation was not associated with 10-year survival (log-rank test, P =.06 and P =.34, respectively). In patients with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow, ST recovery of >70% (vs <30% and 30% to 70%) in the lead with maximum ST elevation was associated with increased late survival (P =.04). On multivariate analysis, the predictors, at admission, of 5-year survival were age (P <.001), ST recovery (measured as a continuous variable, P =.001), diabetes (P =.003) and female gender (P =.02). When the ejection fraction (P =.003) and TIMI flow grade (P =.02) at 3 weeks were included in the analysis, the P value for ST recovery was.08.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ST recovery measured in the single lead with maximum ST elevation was a predictor of late survival, even in patients with TIMI grade 3 flow but ST recovery measured as the sum of voltage changes in all leads with ST deviation was not. This simple electrocardiographic parameter can identify patients with a reduced chance of survival who might benefit from additional therapies.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiology Department, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. johnf@adhb.govt.nz
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Samuel O M
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.forename: Ralph A H
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: John J C
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McTigue
authors.forename: Harvey D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002216:Captopril; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator