title: The metabolic syndrome, smoking, and antibodies to oxidized LDL in 58-year-old clinically healthy men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine whether the metabolic syndrome (as recently defined), its various components, and smoking were associated with circulating antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (IgG- and IgM-Ox-LDLAb) and malondialdehyde-treated LDL (IgG- and IgM-MDA-LDLAb) (ELISA) in a population sample of clinically healthy 58-year-old men (n = 391).
  
  
  RESULTS
  LDL peak particle size (gradient gel electrophoresis) and antibody titers were measured in all patients. Trend analysis showed significantly higher IgG-Ox-LDLAb and IgG-MDA-LDLAb titers across the range of men with none of the criteria defining metabolic syndrome (n = 77), those with > or = 1 criterion (n = 252) and those fulfilling the criteria (n = 62), which remained after adjustment for smoking. IgG-Ox-LDLAb was associated with plasma insulin, body mass index (BMI), the waist/hip ratio (WHR) and smoking. IgG-MDA-LDLAb was, in addition, related to diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides and a small LDL peak particle size. The IgM antibody titers only inversely correlated with smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High serum titers of IgG antibodies to oxidized LDL and MDA-treated LDL were associated with the metabolic syndrome and smoking. Several of the factors in the metabolic syndrome were related to the IgG antibody titers to modified LDL. The high degree of intercorrelation among these factors makes it difficult to clarify the independent role of any specific factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bokemark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulthe
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007328:Insulin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde