title: Structural brain abnormalities in adult males with clefts of the lip and/or palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate brain morphology of adult males with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate (NSCLP) in comparison to a matched healthy control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain structure was measured using quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with NSCLP had significant abnormalities in brain morphology consisting of abnormally enlarged anterior regions of the cerebrum, and decreased volumes of the posterior cerebrum and cerebellum. Overall, the most severely affected region was the left temporal lobe. Furthermore, these structural abnormalities were directly related to cognitive dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings highlight the important relationship and interplay between face and brain development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Peg
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nopoulos
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canady
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: Duane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Demark
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andreasen
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000002:abnormalities