title: Posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of a kamikaze attack.
abstract: 26 sailors who survived a Kamikaze attack during the battle for Okinawa in World War II were given two adapted forms of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian to assess the psychological reactions they had to the sinking of their ship. Depending on the assessment criteria used, their responses indicated significant stress reactions ranging from 8.3% to 44% of the sample. The findings provide evidence that a single combat experience can have lifelong, averse psychological effects.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Northwestern College, Saint Paul, MN 55113, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chara
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chara
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000523:psychology*; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D014857:Warfare