title: Utility of intraoperative frozen section analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative frozen section pathologic analysis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) may guide immediate (single-stage) completion axillary dissection for patients with nodal metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of 203 consecutive patients undergoing SLN biopsy who had intraoperative pathology consultation between January 1998 and September 2000 were reviewed. SLN were analyzed by standard frozen section procedures. Final pathologic analysis included hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of serial sections at 2-mm intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frozen section analysis correctly identified a positive or negative result in 185 of 203 cases (overall accuracy 91%). In 17 of 53 cases, the SLNs were negative for tumor by frozen section, but positive on permanent section analysis (sensitivity 68%). The mean size of the nodal metastases was 6.2 mm and 1.5 mm in patients found to have true positive and false negative results, respectively (P <0.003). A single false positive SLN is reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two thirds of the patients were spared the need for reoperative axillary lymphadenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, J. Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 2nd Floor ACB, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. celia.chao@nortonhealthcare.org
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McMasters
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy