title: Plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha and early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which is implicated in some metabolic disorders and may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. We examined whether plasma TNF-alpha is related to established cardiovascular risk indicators, plasma levels of soluble cellular adhesion molecules and carotid artery intima-media thickness determined by ultrasound examination in a population-based cohort of 96 healthy 50-year-old men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha and cellular adhesion molecules were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma TNF-alpha concentration was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, degrees of alimentary lipaemia, plasma very low density lipoprotein triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations and peak LDL particle size. Two indices of insulin resistance as well as all soluble cellular adhesion molecules correlated positively with TNF-alpha. The plasma TNF-alpha concentration was associated with common carotid intima-media thickness in univariate analysis. In contrast, soluble E-selectin and postprandial triglycerides, but not TNF-alpha, were independent determinants of common carotid intima--media thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma TNF-alpha concentration is associated with degrees of early atherosclerosis and correlates with metabolic and cellular perturbations that are considered important for the vascular process.
authors.affiliation: The Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skoog
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dichtl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boquist
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skoglund-Andersson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karpe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: de Faire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C030106:very low density lipoprotein triglyceride; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C112889:SPG7 protein, human; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities