title: [Hepatic metastasis from advanced gallbladder carcinoma: clinicopathological study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the characteristics of the related clinicopathological factors in cases of liver metastasis from carcinoma of the gallbladder (LmGbCa), and to provide some insights into the surgical management of LmGbca.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-nine patients with subserosal (ss) cancer were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  31 (19.4%) of the patients were found to have LmGbCa. Clinicopathologically, LmGbCa cases showed significant correlations with hinf(3) (P < 0.05), a depth of invasion of more than ss (P < 0.05), ly(3) (P < 0.05), v(3) (P < 0.01), and the location of the primary lesion on hep or circ (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatectomy of S4 and S5 segments should be used when 2 risk factors of liver metastases were found operatively, and radiation therapy or chemotherapy should be combined with resection when 1 risk factor of liver metastasis and lymphatic invasion was found.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012307:Risk Factors