title: [Transposition of pedicled sternocleidomastoid muscle for repair of facial paralysis in late stage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore a new surgical approach to repair facial paralysis in late stage, using regional transposition of pedicled sternocleidomastoid muscle for the dynamic reanimation of the paralyzed face.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven cases with facial paralysis in late stage from December 1999 were treated and followed up for 10 months before clinical evaluation. In all of the cases, the sternal and clavicular branches of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were both elevated from their bony attachments, with the mastoid insertion left in situ as the pedicle for blood supply and accessory nerve maintained in it. The muscle strips were transposed and sutured to the orbicularis oris around the mouth corner on the paralyzed side.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Static asymmetry of nose and oral commissure on the paralyzed side were corrected immediately after operation, and the movement of the oral commissure recovered one week after operation. Symmetric smiling was observed in one month and all of the oral movements recovered in 10 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new approach to repair facial paralysis in late stage by regional transposition of pedicled sternocleidomastoid muscle is effective in restoration of both static and dynamic symmetry of nose and mouth, and in recovery of the facial expression and the oral commissure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery,  Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China, 200011.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation