title: Detection of APC mutations in fecal DNA from patients with colorectal tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noninvasive methods for detecting colorectal tumors have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease. The mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that initiate colorectal tumors theoretically provide an optimal marker for detecting colorectal tumors. The purpose of our study was to determine the feasibility of detecting APC mutations in fecal DNA with the use of newly developed methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  We purified DNA from routinely collected stool samples and screened for APC mutations with the use of a novel approach called digital protein truncation. Many different mutations could potentially be identified in a sensitive and specific manner with this technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stool samples from 28 patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancers, 18 patients with adenomas that were at least 1 cm in diameter, and 28 control patients without neoplastic disease were studied. APC mutations were identified in 26 of the 46 patients with neoplasia (57 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 41 to 71 percent) and in none of the 28 control patients (0 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 12 percent; P<0.001). In the patients with positive tests, mutant APC genes made up 0.4 to 14.1 percent of all APC genes in the stool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APC mutations can be detected in fecal DNA from patients with relatively early colorectal tumors. This feasibility study suggests a new approach for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Human Genetics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Traverso
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shuber
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schoetz
authors.forename: Stanley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boynton
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kinzler
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogelstein
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D017491:Genes, APC; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor