title: Role of 12-lipoxygenase and oxidant stress in hyperglycaemia-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis in a diabetic pig model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously showed that vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells cultured under high glucose conditions produced more 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) product of arachidonate metabolism, relative to normal glucose. Because the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway has been associated with oxidant stress and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we now examined 12-LO activation in vivo in a pig model of diabetes-induced accelerated atherosclerosis which displays human characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animal model was developed in pigs who were fed a normal or high fat diet and given streptozotocin injections to produce normolipemic-normoglycaemic (NLNG), normolipemic-hyperglycaemic (NLHG), hyperlipemic-normoglycaemic (HLNG) and hyperlipemic-hyperglycaemic (HLHG) pigs. Tissue samples were obtained from key arterial beds to examine 12-LO expression at 20 weeks after the pigs began their diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All HG pigs maintained threefold higher serum glucose concentrations. The HL groups developed atherosclerosis but diabetic HLHG pigs showed markedly accelerated atherosclerosis (twofold) relative to non-diabetic HLNG pigs. Immunostaining showed progressive increases in 12-LO in arteries in the order NLNG, NLHG, HLNG and HLHG. Leukocyte-type 12-LO protein (immuno-blotting) as well as mRNA expression (by competitive PCR) in abdominal and coronary arteries were significantly greater in HLHG pigs than in all the other three groups. Furthermore, increased oxidant stress was observed in monocytes from NLHG and HLNG pigs, and greatly potentiated in HLHG pigs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with the hypothesis that 12-LO activation plays a key role in accelerated atherosclerosis due to diabetes and hyperlipemia.
authors.affiliation: Gonda Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. Rnatarajan@coh.org
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gerrity
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lanting
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D018450:Disease Progression; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase