title: Mechanisms for enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by a microbe-colonized gas-liquid foam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A microbe-colonized gas-liquid foam formulation has been previously shown to provide enhanced biodegradation capabilities in soil microcosms. The present study considers the reservoir properties of this foam and how this affects hydrocarbon degradation rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxygen solubility in protein hydrolysate solutions draining from aerated and oxygenated foams was measured. The suitability of oxygenated foam to enhance the degradation of n-hexadecane in soil microcosms was assessed. Sorption of bacterial isolates at the gas-liquid interface was also investigated using a range of microscopy techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxygenated bioactive foam enhanced biodegradation rates by improving oxygen availability and transfer. Biodegradation of n-hexadecane was also stimulated by the protein hydrolysate used and by the inclusion of known bacterial hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The interaction of bacteria with the gas-liquid interface was shown to be a significant factor governing the drainage of the bacteria from the bioactive foam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein hydrolysate-based bioactive foam may be a suitable treatment technology to enhance the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ripley
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dart
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001709:Biotechnology; D003470:Culture Media; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010578:Petroleum; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D003470:Culture Media; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C007932:n-hexadecane; D010100:Oxygen