title: Enhancement of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis by non-thermal effects of ultrasound.
abstract: To determine the effect of ultrasound on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis, we exposed U937 cells (in air-saturated suspension) to continuous 1 MHz ultrasound at intensities 0.5 or 1.0 W/cm(2), considered non-thermal and sub-threshold for inertial cavitation, while at 44.0 degrees C for 10 min. We found that 0.5 W/cm(2), in combination with hyperthermia, synergistically induced apoptosis. On the other hand, 1.0 W/cm(2) in combination with hyperthermia showed an augmented instant cell lysis but no significant change in the ratio of apoptosis. This result might be useful when apoptosis induction is desired over instant cell killing in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Loreto B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Feril
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Qing Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020298:U937 Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D020169:Caspases