title: Living with coeliac disease: controlled study of the burden of illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coeliac patients improve vastly when started on a gluten-free diet. After 10 years. however, women show a lower level of subjective health than men do. We investigated whether this could be explained by differences in the perceived disease burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 68 coeliac patients (34 women) (mean age 57 years, range 32-75) and matched type-2 diabetes controls treated for a mean of 10 years. They were examined by a 9-item Burden of Illness (BI) protocol comprising perceived worries, restrictions and subjective outcome. The subjective health was assessed with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The importance of complying with the diet was ranked similarly high by male and female coeliac patients. However, women were less satisfied with the outcome at 10 years than men were, and expressed more concern about the impact on socializing with friends and having to abstain from important things in life. None of these aspects distinguished male and female diabetic patients. Coeliac women showed a higher BI sum score than men did, and this was inversely related to their SF-36 General health, Vitality and Mental Health scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coeliac women adhering to the treatment regimen for several years perceive the disease burden to be worse than men do. In the light of similar differences in their quality of life, inquiry is warranted into the way coeliac men and women are coping with the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Coeliac Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden. Claes.Hallert@lio.se
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hallert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grännö
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hultén
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Midhagen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ström
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Valdimarsson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors