title: PEA I and PEA II based implantable haemodynamic monitor: pre clinical studies in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were first, to demonstrate that Peak Endocardial Acceleration during isovolumic systole (PEA I) is related to positive peak LVdP/dt, while Peak Endocardial Acceleration during isovolumic relaxation time (PEA II) is related to aortic diastolic pressure (ADP) and to negative peak LVdP/dt; and second, to test if the simultaneous recording of PEA I and PEA II offers a new chance to monitor indexes of LV systolic and diastolic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  An implantable haemodynamic monitor, based on PEA I and PEA II measurements via a microaccelerometer sensor located in the tip of a pacing lead, screwed into the right ventricle, was tested in nine sheep at baseline and during acute haemodynamic interventions: nitrate (0.1 mg/ kg), metaraminol (0.15 mg/kg), dobutamine (5 microg/kg) infusion. ADP, positive and negative peak LVdP/dt were simultaneously recorded by an aortic and left ventricular Millar catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEA I changes were significantly related to positive peak LVdP/dt changes during dobutamine induced inotropic changes (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). PEA II changes were significantly related to both ADP (r = 0.91, P < 0.001) and negative peak LVdP/dt changes (r = 0.92, P < 0.001) during nitrate induced hypotension and metaraminol induced hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous recording of PEA I and PEA II with an implantable system offers a new chance to monitor indexes of LV systolic and diastolic function.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology Unit, Bologna University, Italy. tecbio@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plicchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marcelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parlapiano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bombardini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*