title: Fusarium toxins in wheat from an area in Henan Province, PR China, with a previous human red mould intoxication episode.
abstract: Wheat samples of the 1998 and 1999 crops from Puyang, an area in Henan Province, PR China with a previous human red mould intoxication episode, were analysed for trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA). For the 1998 Puyang crop, deoxynivalenol (DON) was the predominant toxin detected abundantly and frequently at a level of up to 14,000 microg kg(-1) (mean 2850 microgkg(-1)) in 30 of 31 (97%) wheat samples. Among these were 21 (70%) with a DON level that exceeded the Chinese regulation of 1,000 microg kg(-1). Nivalenol (NIV) and 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON) were also found at 578 microg kg(-1) (one sample) and 59-1,800 microg kg(-1) (mean 365 microg kg(-1), 20 samples), respectively. ZEA co-occurred in 21 samples at 9-1,400 microg kg(-1) (mean 209 microg kg(-1)). Twenty-five (89%) wheat samples from Zhumadian, a region without a history of human red mould intoxication in the same province, contained low levels of DON (53-1240, mean 223 microg kg(-1)) with seven (25%) co-contaminated with ZEA (10-217, mean 108 microg kg(-1)). All were free from 15-ADON and NIV. Significant differences in DON, 15-ADON and ZEA concentrations between both areas were found. DON (<1000 microg kg(-1)) and ZEA (5-111 microg kg(-1)) were also detected in the 1999 Puyang wheat. Proper environmental conditions for Fusarium species surviving winter combined with unusual high precipitation during wheat flowering were responsible for a high concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins in the 1998 Puyang wheat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan.
authors.forename: Feng-Qin
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009181:Mycoses / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone