title: Bone healing and bone substitutes.
abstract: With the advent of new biomaterials and surgical techniques, the reconstructive surgeon has a wider range of treatment modalities for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of craniofacial skeletal deformities than ever before. These innovative substances act as true bone graft substitutes, thereby allowing the surgeon to avoid the use of autogenous bone grafts and their associated donor site morbidity. Surgeons have long been interested in producing a composite graft that can heal faster by induction, incorporate with surrounding tissues, and be remodeled to resemble native bone. Currently, there are a host of bone graft substitutes available that vary in both their composition and properties. Craniomaxillofacial surgeons must therefore become comfortable with numerous biomaterials to best tailor the treatment for each patient individually. Ongoing investigations into the next phase of tissue engineering will continue to bring us closer to the ability to regenerate or replace bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hiltzik
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Govindaraj
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moche
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes