title: A thoracostomy tube guideline improves management efficiency in trauma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thoracostomy tube (TT) placement constitutes primary treatment for traumatic hemopneumothorax. Practice patterns vary widely, and criteria for management and removal remain poorly defined. In this cohort study, we examined the impact of implementation of a practice guideline (PG) on improving management efficiency of thoracostomy tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a PG aimed at standardizing the management of TTs in critically ill patients admitted to a Level I trauma center. During the 9-month period before (Pre-PG) and 3 months after (Post-PG) implementation, practice parameters including prophylactic antibiotics, duration of TT therapy, preremoval chest radiographs with associated charges, and complications were evaluated. Differences between groups were assessed by Mann-Whitney rank sum and chi(2) with Yates correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 61 patients, 14 in the Pre-PG group and 47 in the Post-PG group. The groups were matched in age and Injury Severity Scores. The Post-PG cohort averaged 3 fewer days of TT therapy. After implementation of the PG, 21 patients did not have preremoval chest radiography, representing a $3000 reduction in radiology fees. Complication rates (retained pneumothorax, hemothorax, and empyema) were not different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of a thoracostomy tube practice guideline was associated with improved management efficiency in trauma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma/Surgical Critical Care, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232-2861, USA.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adrales
authors.forename: Toan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Broering
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Sing
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D015505:Chest Tubes; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006468:Hemopneumothorax / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D013907:Thoracostomy / Q000379:methods*; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000592:standards*