title: Histological study of PIVKA-II expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and adenomatous hyperplasia.
abstract: Although serum concentration of protein induced vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) has been widely used for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), little information is available concerning tissue PIVKA-II as an immunohistochemical marker for liver histology. In this study, we examined the expression of PIVKA-II in precancerous nodules (adenomatous hyperplasia) and various differentiation grades of HCC by immunohistochemical study using the monoclonal anti-PIVKA-II antibody (MU-3). We examined the relationship between tissue PIVKA-II staining and serum PIVKA-II level, tumor histology and tumor size. PIVKA-II was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of the HCC cells. The positive rates of PIVKA-II were as follows: adenomatous hyperplasia (AH), 0% (0/9); well-differentiated HCC, 65% (15/23); moderately differentiated HCC, 85% (22/26); poorly differentiated HCC, 54% (7/13). The expression of tissue PIVKA-II staining in moderately differentiated HCC was significantly higher than in well- or poorly differentiated HCC, whereas the serum PIVKA-II level in poorly differentiated HCC was higher than well- or moderately differentiated HCC. There was no relationship between the expression of PIVKA-II in cancer tissues and serum levels of PIVKA-II. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that PIVKA-II was expressed even in small-sized or well-differentiated HCC cells, but expression was not detected in AH. It was concluded that PIVKA-II is a useful immunohistochemical marker, even in small-sized or well-differentiated HCC.
authors.affiliation: First Division, Department of Pathology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Miskad
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakaji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011498:Protein Precursors; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin