title: High frequency of mixed TT virus infections in healthy adults and children detected by a simplified heteroduplex mobility assay.
abstract: Recombinant plasmids carrying 199 base pairs (bp) inserts from the non coding region (nucleotides (nt) 6-204) of the TT virus (TTV) genome were used to standardize an heteroduplex mobility assay able to detect mixed infections of a single individual with several TTV isolates. In this simplified heteroduplex mobility assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were analyzed directly by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, without requirement for post-PCR denaturation and annealing steps of the amplicons. The assay was used to test TTV positive serum samples collected from healthy 1-7 years old children, 11-17 years old adolescents, and 24-39 years old blood donors living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as well as TTV positive samples from Amazonian Indians. The results showed a very high frequency of multiple infection in all groups, with 20/30 (67%), 31/33 (94%), 35/38 (92%), and 34/37 (92%) of the samples collected from children, adolescents, blood donors, and Amazonian Indians, respectively, containing more than one TTV genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Saback
authors.forename: Selma A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D001782:Blood Donors; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006304:Health Status; D020180:Heteroduplex Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral