title: A PET study of the pathophysiology of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Positron emission tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to compare cerebral metabolic patterns in schizophrenic subjects with predominantly negative symptoms (alogia, affective flattening, avolition, and attentional impairment) and in those with predominantly positive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen right-handed male subjects with DSM-IV schizophrenia were assigned to groups with predominantly negative or predominantly positive symptoms on the basis of their post-drug-washout scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The patients were compared to seven age- and gender-matched normal volunteers. PET scans with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose were obtained during a degraded Continuous Performance Task to measure absolute glucose metabolic rates. Statistical parametric mapping was used to estimate the regional metabolic differences between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects with predominantly negative symptoms had significant differences in glucose metabolic rates, compared to both the subjects with predominantly positive symptoms and the normal subjects. Negative symptom subjects had a lower glucose metabolic rate in the right hemisphere, especially in the temporal and ventral prefrontal cortices, compared to the other groups, and higher metabolic rates in the cerebellar cortex and in the lower deep cerebellar nuclei. Negative symptom subscale scores were negatively correlated with glucose metabolic rates for most of the brain areas that differentiated subjects with predominantly negative symptoms from those with predominantly positive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenic subjects with predominantly negative symptoms have greater metabolic abnormalities than subjects with predominantly positive symptoms, particularly in frontal, temporal, and cerebellar circuitry. These results are consistent with abnormalities in corticocortical, corticobasal ganglia, mesocortical dopamine, and cerebellar-thalamic-prefrontal circuits, which may underlie the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine 92697-3960, USA. sgpotkin@uci.edu
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Potkin
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alva
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keator
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carreon
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doo
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fallon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003863:Depression / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18