title: Impact of methylene chloride on microorganisms and phenanthrene mineralization in soil.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of the quantity of methylene chloride, used as a carrier solvent for phenanthrene when added to soil, on phenanthrene mineralization kinetics, soil phospholipid fatty add profiles (PLFA), and phenanthrene distribution. Methylene chloride dosages of 25 microL/g soil or more resulted in an enrichment of saturated PLFAs, suggesting soil microorganisms had adjusted their cell membranes in response to the solvent. A greater fraction of phenanthrene mineralized when spiked in 5 microL/g than in 25 microL/g methylene chloride suggesting that the methylene chloride became toxic to phenanthrene-degrading organisms in soil. Phenanthrene was more equally distributed among 0.1 g soil subsamples if spiked in 25 than 5 or 1 microL methylene chloride per gram soil. Thus the amount of methylene chloride used to spike phenanthrene in soil strongly impacted the mineralization kinetics, phenanthrene distribution, and microbial community in soil. Because a variety of spiking methods are used in biodegradation research, scientists should consider the quantity of solvents used when comparing results among different studies.
authors.affiliation: Dep. of Land, Air and Water Resources, Univ. of California at Davis, 95616-8627, USA. eschwart@du.edu
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Sinh V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Kate M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Scow
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007700:Kinetics; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012997:Solvents; C031181:phenanthrene; D008752:Methylene Chloride