title: Ethnic comparison of weight loss in the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare weight loss in blacks and whites in the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE).
  
  
  METHODS
  TONE enrolled 421 overweight white and 164 overweight black adults, 60 to 79 years old, with blood pressure well-controlled on a single, antihypertensive drug. Drug therapy withdrawal was attempted 3 months after randomization to counseling for weight loss, sodium reduction, both weight loss and sodium reduction, or to usual care, with follow-up for 15 to 36 months after enrollment. Statistical procedures included repeated measures analysis of covariance and logistic and proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the weight-loss condition, net weight change (in kilograms) was -2.7 in blacks and -5.9 in whites (p < 0.001; ethnic difference, p = 0.0002) at 6 months and -2.0 (p < 0.05) in blacks and -4.9 (p < 0.001) in whites at the end of follow-up (ethnic difference, p = 0.007). In weight/sodium, net weight change was -2.1 (p < 0.01) in blacks and -2.8 (p < 0.001) in whites at 6 months, and -1.9 in blacks and -1.7 in whites at the end of follow-up (p < 0.05; ethnic difference, p > 0.5). Exploratory analyses suggested a more favorable pattern of weight change in blacks than in whites from 6 months onward. There was no ethnic difference in blood pressure outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whites lost more weight than blacks without, but not with, a concurrent focus on sodium reduction.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA. skumanyi@cceb.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Shiriki K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kumanyika
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.forename: Judy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bahnson
authors.forename: Juliene B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bottom
authors.forename: Jeanne B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Charleston
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Folmar
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Whelton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003376:Counseling; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents