title: Chronic ET(A) receptor blockade prevents endothelial dysfunction of small arteries in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether endothelial dysfunction occurs in mesenteric arteries of apoE-deficient mice and determined the role of endothelin (ET)-1, which is increased in human atherosclerosis, using an orally active endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist.
  
  
  METHODS
  ApoE-deficient and C57BL/6J control mice were fed for 30 weeks with normal chow or high-fat Western-type diet alone or in combination with darusentan (LU135252; 50 mg/kg/day). Vasomotor reactivity of isolated small mesenteric arteries (I.D. 200-250 microm) was studied in vitro under perfused and pressurized conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both mouse strains, about one fourth of the endothelium-dependent relaxant response to acetylcholine was insensitive to inhibition by L-NAME and indomethacin. In mesenteric arteries of apoE-deficient mice on Western-type diet, increased intima-media thickness and levels of endothelin-1 protein were observed. In addition, NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was reduced without affecting L-NAME/indomethacin insensitive relaxation and contractions to endothelin-1 and serotonin were enhanced. Treatment with darusentan normalized vascular structure, NO-mediated relaxation to acetylcholine and contractions to endothelin-1 and serotonin without affecting blood pressure or plasma cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe hypercholesterolemia in apoE-deficient mice is associated with attenuation of NO-mediated relaxation to acetylcholine and increased vascular endothelin-1 content. Chronic ET(A) receptor blockade may provide a new therapeutic approach to improve NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasomotion in small arteries.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-1891 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Livius V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: d'Uscio
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lüscher
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D012701:Serotonin; C107831:darusentan; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000109:Acetylcholine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009638:Norepinephrine; D007213:Indomethacin