title: Prognostic value of serum tumor markers in patients with lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of tumor markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer is under investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of pre-therapeutic levels of various serum tumor markers, CYFRA 21-1, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 125 and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg), in patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 102 consecutive patients (mean age 65.2 +/- 11 years) with newly diagnosed lung cancer (96 males, 94%, with a mean age of 66.3 +/-10.5 years). All patients had a 5-year follow-up. Measurements of the serum tumor markers were performed on initial diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four patients (82%) had non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 18 (18%) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). From the 84 patients with NSCLC, 34 patients (33%) had squamous-cell lung cancer, 23 (22%) adenocarcinoma and 23 (22%) large-cell carcinomas. The overall median survival was 8.5 months. All SCLC patients had extensive disease with a median survival of 10.1 months and NSCLC patients of 8.4 months. Significant differences in the mean values of NSE and CYFRA 21-1 were observed between SCLC and NSCLC. In NSCLC, CYFRA 21-1, TPA, CA 125 and SCCAg serum levels were related to the stage of the disease at diagnosis, and CYFRA 21-1, NSE, TPA and CA-125 were related to a poor outcome. None of the above tumor markers was related to survival in the SCLC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CYFRA 21-1 and NSE may help to differentiate cell types in lung cancer patients. Also, CYFRA 21-1 with TPA and CA 125 may provide useful information regarding the staging of the disease at diagnosis and the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece. pneumon@med.uch.gr
authors.forename: Kostas D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hatzakis
authors.forename: Marios E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Froudarakis
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouros
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tzanakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karkavitsas
authors.forename: Nikolaos M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Siafakas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19; D007633:Keratins; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053539:Keratin-19; C102012:antigen CYFRA21.1; D007633:Keratins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase