title: Percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia: an easy alternative to TESE and MESA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the recovery rate of sperm from the testis using percutaneous testicular aspiration with a 22-gauge hypodermic needle followed by evaluation of the fertilization rate and pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective observational study performed in a private in vitro fertilization setting in Kuwait. Fifteen patients with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia were included in the study. Thirteen of them had previous microepididymal sperm aspiration, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration or testicular sperm extraction. The sperm were retrieved using percutaneous testicular aspiration under local analgesia. This was followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A total of 146 eggs were collected and 112 were injected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal fertilization occurred in 91 oocytes (87.5%) and the total number of embryos cleaved was 83 (91%). Embryo transfer was performed in 13 with pregnancy rate of 33.3 per treatment cycle and 38.5 per embryo transfer. Failure to retrieve sperm was encountered in 2 cases both in the hypospermatogenesis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration using hypodermic needles under local analgesic is an easy and cheap method with high patient acceptability, minimal complications and no need of special training. In this small group, it seems to have an acceptable success rate in terms of sperm retrieval and pregnancy in the obstructive type as well as hypospermatogenesis, but to lesser extent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. m.makhseed@hsc.kuniv.edu.kw
authors.forename: Ma'asoumah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makhseed
authors.forename: Muntaha Hamad
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Al Salem
authors.forename: Mohammad Abrar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013396:Suction