title: PCr overshoot': a study of the duration in canine myocardium.
abstract: The phosphocreatine (PCr) overshoot is a well-documented phenomenon and is readily observable by 31P MRS. In addition, a second 31P MRS observation during ischemia with reperfusion is a diminution in ATP levels. Combining these two as the 'PCr Overshoot' the PCr/ATP ratio may provide an index of viability. However little information is available regarding the duration of this 'overshoot'. For this approach to be useful clinically, the duration of this phenomenon must be ascertained. An open chest canine model of 12 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion (6h) was used. A 2 cm surface coil was sutured to the myocardium and spectra were acquired at 4.7 T. Gated spectra were acquired in <2.5 min with an interpulse delay of 5 s. Integrals of the PCr and ATP (beta) resonances were analyzed using a line-fitting routine. Overall, the PCr signal increased from 22.0+/-0.8 to 25.5+/-0.9 and ATP decreased from 11.7+/-0.4 to 10.0+/-0.4 (arbitrary units). The PCr remained elevated for the entire 6h period and the percentage increase was 15.9%. The ATP remained depleted for the entire 6h period and the percentage decrease was 17.0%. Thus, the clinically relevant and readily observable PCr/ATP is a product of both an increase in PCr and a decrease in ATP for a calculated net increase in PCr/ATP of 39.6%. The PCr/ATP ratio of the ischemia group for baseline, ischemia, 6h reflow, were: 2.33+/-0.18, 1.04+/-0.29 and 3.22+/-0.21. We demonstrate that the 'PCr overshoot' is readily observable and can be monitored noninvasively and nondestructively for 6h. Therefore, the 'PCr overshoot' may be a viable marker of reversible injury in this model and may prove to be applicable for detecting myocardial viability in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Nuclear Imaging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-4470, USA.
authors.forename: Ingrid M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Straeter-Knowlen
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Buchthal
authors.forename: Jan A den
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Caulfield
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Evanochko
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate