title: How to tell a sea monster: molecular discrimination of large marine animals of the North Atlantic.
abstract: Remains of large marine animals that wash onshore can be difficult to identify due to decomposition and loss of external body parts, and in consequence may be dubbed "sea monsters." DNA that survives in such carcasses can provide a basis of identification. One such creature washed ashore at St. Bernard's, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland, in August 2001. DNA was extracted from the carcass and enzymatically amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR): the mitochondrial NADH2 DNA sequence was identified as that of a sperm whale (Physeter catodon). Amplification and sequencing of cryptozoological DNA with "universal" PCR primers with broad specificity to vertebrate taxa and comparison with species in the GenBank taxonomic database is an effective means of discriminating otherwise unidentifiable large marine creatures.
authors.affiliation: Genetics, Evolution, and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada. scarr@mun.ca
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pynn
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry; D008386:Marine Biology / Q000379:methods; D009243:NAD / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014907:Whales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D009243:NAD; D004247:DNA