title: Association between hypermobility and congenital limb deficiencies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hypermobility in individuals with congenital limb deficiencies and whether congenital limb loss is associated with increased laxity in the remaining joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  All data were collected during the individuals' visits to the prosthetic clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were evaluated at the Subregional Disablement Services Centre at University Hospital of South Manchester, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five individuals with congenital limb deficiencies were studied (male/female 27 :18; ages 6-31 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified version of the nine-point Beighton Score for hypermobility was used, using the presently accepted criteria for diagnosing hypermobility. Any individual who scored 3 or more points was considered to have joint hypermobility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 45 individuals with congenital limb deficiencies, 71% had at least one hypermobile joint, whereas 38% had three or more features of hypermobility, with female/male ratio of 2.75:1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show an increase in joint hypermobility (laxity) in individuals born with congenital limb deficiencies compared with the prevalence of this condition in the general population. As joint hypermobility may predispose individuals to low back pain, joint effusion, recurrent joint dislocation and ligament rupture, it is useful to identify those individuals with hypermobility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassoon
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D017678:Sex Distribution; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology