title: Sleep deprivation in the rat: X. Integration and discussion of the findings. 1989.
abstract: The results of a series of studies on total and selective sleep deprivation in the rat are integrated and discussed. These studies showed that total sleep deprivation, paradoxical sleep deprivation, and disruption and/or deprivation of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep produced a reliable syndrome that included death, debilitated appearance, skin lesions, increased food intake, weight loss, increased energy expenditure, decreased body temperature during the late stages of deprivation, increased plasma norepinephrine, and decreased plasma thyroxine. The significance of this syndrome for the function of sleep is not entirely clear, but several changes suggested that sleep may be necessary for effective thermoregulation.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rechtschaffen
authors.forename: Bernard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Everson
authors.forename: Clete A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kushida
authors.forename: Marcia A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000266:history; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006120:Grooming; D049673:History, 20th Century; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000266:history; D051381:Rats; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000266:history* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine; D009638:Norepinephrine