title: Skeletal adaptation to external loads optimizes mechanical properties: fact or fiction.
abstract: The skeleton adapts to a changing mechanical environment but the widely held concept that bone cells are programmed to respond to local mechanical loads to produce an optimal mechanical structure is not consistent with the high frequency of bone fractures. Instead, the author suggests that other important functions of bone compete with mechanical adaptation to determine structure. As a consequence of competing demands, bone architecture never achieves an optimal mechanical structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. turner.russell@mayo.edu
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D013026:Space Flight; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens