title: Development of dominant bile duct stenoses in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid: outcome after endoscopic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by progressive fibrotic inflammation and obliteration of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study of 106 patients treated for up to 13 years with ursodeoxycholic acid, the development of major bile duct stenoses and the efficacy of endoscopic measures have been evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 106 patients ten had major duct stenoses at entry, and during a median follow-up period of 5.0 years another 43 developed a dominant stenosis. Fifty-two patients with dominant stenoses were treated endoscopically by repeated balloon dilatations and five patients were temporarily stented. Complications of endoscopic procedures were pancreatitis (5.2%), bacterial cholangitis (3.3%) and bile duct perforation (0.5%). Five years after the first dilatation of a dominant stenosis the Kaplan-Meier survival rates free of liver transplantation were 100% in stage 2, 72% in stage 3 and 50% in stage 4 disease. The actuarial survival free of liver transplantation of the whole group at 3, 5 and 7 years were 0.987, 0.935 and 0.891 and the corresponding survival rates predicted with the Mayo multicenter survival model were 0.860, 0.775 and 0.737 (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In advanced disease, occlusion of major bile ducts with time occurs in the majority of patients. Endoscopic opening of dominant stenoses is effective and appears to be a valuable addition to the medical treatment of such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Bergheimerstrasse 58, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. adolf_stiehl@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stiehl
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klöters-Plachky
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid