title: Limited immune reconstitution at intermediate stages of HIV-1 infection during one year of highly active antiretroviral therapy in antiretroviral-naive versus non-naive adults.
abstract: Although several reports have attributed the clinical benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to a possible immune restoration, long-term data are still scarce and most derive from patients with either advanced or very early stages of HIV infection. In the present study, changes in lymphocyte subsets, activation markers, and adhesion molecules in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were carefully monitored over a 1-year period in 27 HIV-infected adults at an intermediate stage of HIV infection. Cytokine-producing patterns were also studied. In these patients the HIV viral load disappeared by month 4 of HAART. Only limited immunological changes were observed: an incomplete recovery of naive CD4+ T cells, a less activated state of CD8+ T cells, and a repopulation of IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells. These changes were observed principally in patients with more advanced disease. Furthermore, HIV-infected subjects who had received HAART previously showed less marked immunological changes than antiretroviral-naive individuals. In conclusion, the sustained viral suppression during 1 year of HAART was accompanied by limited immunological recovery at intermediate stages of HIV infection. This finding indicates a need for longer HIV suppression in order to achieve effective recovery of the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Echevarría
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leyva-Cobián
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pereda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Hoyos
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1