title: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: its mode of spreading and therapeutic modalities.
abstract: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is a primary adenocarcinoma of the liver, arising from the intrahepatic bile ducts. The prognosis is generally poor because locoregional extension is usually advanced at the time of diagnosis. Even after a resection, the outcome for patients with advanced IHCC is extremely poor, and the presence of lymph node metastasis has been reported in most previous studies to be the worst prognostic factor after a resection. There are no clear guidelines on lymph node dissection with IHCC. In this article, we review the mode of invasion and the therapeutic modalities: hepatic resection, lymph node dissection, liver transplantation, radiation, and chemotherapy for IHCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harimoto
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.forename: Yo-ichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsujita
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aishima
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis