title: [Precise positioning for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To supply the basement for precise positioning for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the knee and recommend a precise measurement method during the operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone tunnels along ACL attachments were made in 20 cadaveric knees. Steel wire was introduced through the tunnel and the length changes were measured during passive knee flexion. We developed an Isometer for getting continuous parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterosuperior (AS) fibers were lengthened during knee flexion from 30 to 120 degrees, combined with the increase of anterior restraints. Length changes of the posterosuperior and central (C, PS) fibers were minimal. The length of the anteroinferior and posteroinferior (AI and PI) fibers were shortened with the decrease of the anterior restraints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The central and posterosuperior (C, PS) parts of femoral attachment would be the ideal reconstruction point. In case of old injury of ACL with ambiquous landmark, the Isometer is suggested in identifying the reconstruction point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rong
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*