Minimal and inducible regulation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in human gliomas.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2), a serine protease inhibitor abundant in the extra cellular matrix, is highly expressed in non-invasive cells but undetectable levels in highly invasive human glioma cells. The mechanisms responsible for its transcriptional regulation are not well elucidated. In this study, we made several deletion constructs from a 3.6 kb genomic fragment from Hs683 cells containing the 5'-flanking region of the TFPI-2 gene, transiently transfected with these constructs into non-invasive (Hs683) and highly invasive (SNB19) human glioma cells, and assessed their expression by using a luciferase reporter gene. Three constructs showed high promoter activity (pTF5, -670 to +1; pTF6, -312 to +1; pTF2, -1511 to +1). Another construct, pTF8 (-81 to +1), showed no activity. PTF9, a variant of pTF5 in which a further 231 bp fragment (-312 to -81) was deleted, from the [-670 to +1] pTF5 region, also showed no promoter activity. Hence, (-312 to -81) this region is essential for the transcription of TFPI-2 in glioma cells. Sequencing of this promoter region revealed that it has a high G+C content, contains potential SP1 and AP1 binding motifs, and lacks canonical TATA and CAAT boxes immediately upstream of the major transcriptional initiation site, although CAAT boxes were found about -3000 bp upstream of the transcription start site. We also found a strong repressor in the region between -927 to -1181, upstream of the major transcriptional initiation site, followed by positive elements or enhancers between -1511 to -1181. These positive elements masked the silencer effect. Finally TFPI-2 was induced in Hs683 cells transfected with the pTF6 construct (-312 to +1) and stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). We conclude that the -312 to +1 region is critical for the minimal and inducible regulation of TFPI-2 in non-invasive (Hs683) and highly invasive (SNB19) human glioma cell lines.
Konduri
Santhi D
SD
Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Illinois School of Medicine, One Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61656, USA.
Osman
Francis Ali
FA
Rao
Chilukuri N
CN
Srinivas
Harish
H
Yanamandra
Niranjan
N
Tasiou
Anastasia
A
Dinh
Dzung H
DH
Olivero
William C
WC
Gujrati
Meena
M
Foster
Donald C
DC
Kisiel
Walter
W
Kouraklis
Gregory
G
Rao
Jasti S
JS
D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D006023:Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C021240:tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor 2; D008156:Luciferases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate