title: Combined clinical and imaging information as an early stroke outcome measure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Imaging information has been proposed as a potential surrogate outcome in stroke clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an early outcome measure combining clinical and imaging information is better than either alone in predicting 3-month outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical information (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and imaging information (CT infarct volume), measured at 1 week from 201 patients from the Randomized Trial of Tirilazad Mesylate in Acute Stroke (RANTTAS) study, were used in a multivariable logistic regression analysis to predict excellent and devastating 3-month outcome. The combined models were compared with the infarct volume models and the clinical models. Discrimination, calibration, and change in global model chi-square were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined models and models using clinical information alone had areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves that did not differ significantly (probability value = 0.092 to 0.4), ranging from 0.83 to 0.95. The imaging alone models performed less well (P<0.005) and had areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves that ranged from 0.70 to 0.80.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 1 week is highly predictive of 3-month outcome in ischemic stroke patients. The addition of 1-week infarct volume does not improve the accuracy of the predictive model.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va 22908, USA. kj4v@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: E Clarke
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.forename: Alfred F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Connors
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D002138:Calibration; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009656:North America; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011281:Pregnatrienes; C053355:tirilazad