Pattern of cerebral aneurysms in Morocco: review of the concept of their rarity in developing countries: report of 200 cases.
OBJECTIVE
Many neurosurgeons consider cerebral aneurysms to be rare in Africa and the Middle East. In this report, we describe the pattern of cerebral aneurysms in Morocco and call into question the idea of their rarity in developing countries. Our objective is to urge neurosurgeons in these areas to track them and to treat them under better conditions.


METHODS
We report a retrospective study of 200 patients with cerebral aneurysms admitted to our department between 1983 and 1999. The results of this study are supported by pertinent epidemiological surveys, anatomic studies on the incidence of cerebral aneurysms in Morocco, and analysis of the literature related to the epidemiology of aneurysms in developing countries.


RESULTS
The patients in our series ranged in age from 7 to 70 years (mean age, 52 yr), with a slight female predominance (52%). They presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (173 patients), cranial nerve palsy (18 patients), or mass symptoms (9 patients). The delay between subarachnoid hemorrhage and admission ranged from 1 to 30 days (mean, 14 d). The aneurysm was located in the internal carotid artery in 42%, in the anterior communicating and anterior cerebral arteries in 28%, in the middle cerebral artery in 19%, and in the vertebrobasilar artery in 10%. Multiple aneurysms were encountered in 9% and giant aneurysms in 15.5%. Seventeen patients died before surgery (with vasospasm in 13 cases and rebleeding in 4 cases), and 19 died after surgery. Follow-up, ranging between 1 and 10 years, revealed good outcomes with complete recovery in 64.5% and recovery with major sequelae in 7%. Pre- and postoperative mortality represented 18%; there was no operative treatment and no follow-up in 11.5%.


CONCLUSIONS
Some data in this study (the delay between subarachnoid hemorrhage and admission, the high incidence of urban patients [80%], and the high rate of giant aneurysms) explain why many cases of ruptured aneurysms are not diagnosed. The analysis of our clinical series and the results of the epidemiological surveys show that the incidence has doubled every 5 years. These findings confirm that cerebral aneurysms are not rare in Morocco. A critical reading of the published articles claiming a low incidence of cerebral aneurysms in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia shows that this conclusion is not based on accurate and reliable statistical studies. Neurosurgeons in these regions should abandon this idea of rarity, and they should search for arterial cerebral aneurysms and develop the optimum conditions for the treatment of patients with aneurysms.
El Khamlichi
A
A
Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital des Spécialités ONO, CHU de Rabat Salé, BP 6444, Rabat Instituts, Rabat, Morocco. fh2nch@iam.net.ma
Derraz
S
S
El Ouahabi
A
A
Aghzadi
A
A
Jamily
A
A
El Azouzi
M
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome