title: Effectiveness of composite cure with pulse activation and soft-start polymerization.
abstract: The study investigated the effectiveness of composite cure with pulse activation and soft-start polymerization. A light-cure unit (BISCO VIP, BISCO Dental Products, Schaumburg, IL 60193, USA) that allowed for independent command over time and intensity was used. The six light-curing modes examined were: Control (C)-400 mW/cm2 [40 seconds]; Pulse Delay I (PDI) -100 mW/cm2 [3 seconds] --> delay [3 minutes] --> 500 mW/cm2 [30 seconds]; Pulse Delay II (PDII) - 200 mW/cm2 [20 seconds] --> delay [3 minutes] --> 500 mW/cm2 [30 seconds]; Soft-start (SS) - 200 mW/cm2 [10 seconds] --> 600 mW/cm2 [30 seconds]; Pulse Cure I (PCI) - 400 mW/cm2 [10 seconds] --> delay [10 seconds] --> 400 mW/cm2 [10 seconds] --> delay [10 seconds] --> 400 mW/cm2 [20 seconds]; and Pulse Cure II (PCII) - 400 mW/cm2 [20 seconds] --> delay [20 seconds] --> 400 mW/cm2 [20 seconds]. Effectiveness of cure with the different modes was determined by measuring the top and bottom surface hardness of 2 mm thick composite (Z100) specimens using a digital microhardness tester (load=500 gf; dwell time=15 seconds). The effectiveness of cure of the bottom surface of the composite was also established by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using the KBr technique. Data obtained was analyzed using one-way ANOVA/Scheffe's post-hoc test (p<0.05). No significant difference in top Knoops Hardness Number KHN wa s observed except for PDIand PDII. At the bottom surfaces, KHN obtained with the control was significantly greater than with PDII, SS and PCII. FTIR results ranked well with the hardness of the bottom surfaces. The absorbance ratio of carbon double bonds to aromatic ring obtained with the control group was significantly greater than with PDII and PCII. Effectiveness of the cure at the bottom surfaces of composites may be reduced by some pulse activation and soft-start polymerization regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: A U J
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Siow
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006244:Hardness / Q000528:radiation effects; D006245:Hardness Tests; D008027:Light; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000528:radiation effects; D013674:Technology, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D011108:Polymers; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium