title: The hinge region of the human papillomavirus type 8 E2 protein activates the human p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter via interaction with Sp1.
abstract: The E2 proteins regulate papillomavirus (PV) gene expression by sequence-specific DNA binding. However, E2 is also able to activate in the absence of E2 binding sites. We show here that the E2 protein of human PV type 8 (HPV8) can activate the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) via promoter-proximal 200 nucleotides, which contain several Sp1 binding sites and no E2 binding sites. HPV8 E2 lacking the activation domain, which is rather conserved among E2 proteins, cooperated with co-expressed Sp1 in stimulation of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter, in contrast to HPV18 E2 lacking the activation domain. We can demonstrate that the internal non-conserved hinge region of HPV8 E2 is sufficient for this functional cooperativity with Sp1. In correlation, the hinge of HPV8 E2 directly binds to Sp1. These results suggest that HPV8 E2 might be able to 'super'-activate Sp1-mediated transcription by a direct interaction via the non-conserved hinge region.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Strasse 56, 50935 Cologne, Germany1.
authors.forename: Gertrud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Strasse 56, 50935 Cologne, Germany1.
authors.forename: Carsta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Strasse 56, 50935 Cologne, Germany1.
authors.forename: Hanns-Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor