title: Transforming growth factor beta 1 induces apoptosis through cleavage of BAD in a Smad3-dependent mechanism in FaO hepatoma cells.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) induces apoptosis in a variety of cells. We have previously shown that TGF-beta 1 rapidly induces apoptosis in the FaO rat hepatoma cell line. We have now studied the effect of TGF-beta 1 on the expression of different members of the Bcl-2 family in these cells. We observed no detectable changes in the steady-state levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Bax. However, TGF-beta 1 induced caspase-dependent cleavage of BAD at its N terminus to generate a 15-kDa truncated protein. Overexpression of the 15-kDa truncated BAD protein enhanced TGF-beta 1-induced apoptosis, whereas a mutant BAD resistant to caspase 3 cleavage blocked TGF-beta 1-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of Smad3 dramatically enhanced TGF-beta 1-induced cleavage of BAD and apoptosis, whereas antisense Smad3 blocked TGF-beta 1-induced apoptosis and BAD cleavage. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 induces apoptosis through the cleavage of BAD in a Smad3-dependent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-50551, USA.
authors.forename: Byung-Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mizuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamura
authors.forename: Kyeong Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calabretta
authors.forename: Seong-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
chemical_list: C494821:Bad protein, rat; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497787:Smad3 protein, rat; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein