title: Distinct regulatory cascades for head and trunk myogenesis.
abstract: Most head muscles arise from the pre-otic axial and paraxial head mesoderm. This tissue does not form somites, yet expresses the somitic markers Lbx1, Pax7 and Paraxis in a regionalised fashion. The domain set aside by these markers provides the lateral rectus muscle, the most caudal of the extrinsic eye muscles. In contrast to somitic cells that express Lbx1, lateral rectus precursors are non-migratory. Moreover, the set of markers characteristic for the lateral rectus precursors differs from the marker sets indicative of somitic muscle precursors. This suggests distinct roles for Lbx1/Pax7/Paraxis in the development of head and trunk muscles. When grafted to the trunk, the pre-otic head mesoderm fails to activate Lbx1, Pax7 or PARAXIS: Likewise, somites grafted into the region of the lateral rectus precursors fail to activate the lateral rectus marker set. This suggests that distinct regulatory cascades act in the development of trunk and head muscles, possibly reflecting their distinct function and evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: Roy C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mootoosamy
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D030161:Avian Proteins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D019521:Body Patterning; D002465:Cell Movement; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D006257:Head / Q000196:embryology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008648:Mesoderm; D024510:Muscle Development; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology*; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000196:embryology*; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D011784:Quail / Q000196:embryology; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology; D019170:Somites; D015534:Trans-Activators
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D030161:Avian Proteins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; C113279:LBX1 protein, Gallus gallus