title: Endothelial cell seeding influences lesion development following arterial injury in the cholesterol-fed rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A functionally intact endothelial monolayer is thought to be critical for the adaptive process of vascular remodeling. This study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that endothelial restoration is a critical determinant of remodeling after balloon angioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits (N=12) were fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet (0.5%) and were subjected to bilateral balloon catheter injury of the iliofemoral arteries. At the time of injury, autologous venous endothelial cells (ECs) were implanted on one artery; the contralateral vessel served as control. A mean of 42 days after injury, arteriography was performed, followed by vessel harvest and histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High grade (> or =70%) stenoses or occlusion were present in 55% of control and none of the EC-seeded arteries. EC-seeding was associated with improved mean (1.0 +/- 0 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1, P<0.001) and minimal (0.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.1, P<0.001) luminal diameters by angiography. Seeded arteries demonstrated decreased medial area (0.69 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.09 mm(2), P<0.001), a more uniform range of final lumen area (P<0.0001), and a positive remodeling index. Neointimal area was not significantly different. Stenoses were characterized primarily by larger neointimal area (2.02 +/- 0.18 vs. 1.38 +/- 0.09 mm(2), stenotic vs. non-stenotic, P<0.005). Final lumen area was strongly influenced by both neointimal growth and vessel remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the concept that endothelial restoration is a critical determinant of the outcome of vessel wall repair, particularly in the context of hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. mconte@partners.org
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: VanMeter
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Akst
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clemons
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashgarian
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bender
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000473:pathology*; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography