title: Progesterone inhibits human endometrial cancer cell growth and invasiveness: down-regulation of cellular adhesion molecules through progesterone B receptors.
abstract: Progesterone is a critical steroid hormone that controls cell proliferation and differentiation in the female reproductive tract. Progesterone acts through two nuclear receptor isoforms, progesterone receptors A and B (PRA and PRB, respectively), each with unique cellular effects. Loss of PRB has recently been linked to the development of poorly differentiated endometrial tumors, a lethal form of cancer. To study the molecular effects of progesterone, progesterone receptors were introduced into Hec50co endometrial cancer cells by adenoviral vectors encoding either PRA or PRB. Progesterone induced the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, thereby significantly reducing the percentage of proliferating cells. Cancer cell invasion was also markedly inhibited as measured by Matrigel invasion studies. Similarly, a differentiated, secretory phenotype was induced by progesterone in cells expressing PRB. However, replicative senescence was induced by progesterone only in cells expressing PRA. Expression array analysis followed by confirmatory semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR experiments demonstrated a significant progesterone-dependent inhibition of expression of a cadre of cellular adhesion molecules, including fibronectin, integrin alpha3, integrin beta1, integrin beta3, and cadherin 6. The level of down-regulation of adhesion molecule expression was significantly greater in the presence of the B isoform, demonstrating that progesterone acts principally through B receptors to inhibit cancer cell invasiveness modulated by adhesion molecules.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 2211 Lomas Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-5286, USA.
authors.forename: Donghai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Litman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Kimberly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C101118:progesterone receptor A; C097314:progesterone receptor B; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D011374:Progesterone