title: Regulation of brassinosteroid signaling by a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase.
abstract: GSK3/SHAGGY is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase implicated in many signaling pathways in eukaryotes. Although many GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinases have been identified in plants, little is known about their functions in plant growth and development. Here we show that the Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) gene encodes a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase. Gain-of-function mutations within its coding sequence or its overexpression inhibit brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, resulting in plants that resemble BR-deficient and BR-response mutants. In contrast, reduced BIN2 expression via cosuppression partially rescues a weak BR-signaling mutation. Thus, BIN2 acts as a negative regulator to control steroid signaling in plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kyoung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D017343:Genes, Plant; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013256:Steroids; C448985:At4g18710 protein, Arabidopsis; C080335:Sgg protein, Drosophila