title: Treatment of gingival overgrowth induced by manidipine administration. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that severe gingival overgrowth (GO) is induced in patients taking certain calcium channel blockers (CCB) for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and other diseases. No case has been reported to date of severe GO induced by manidipine hydrochloride (manidipine), a second generation CCB. This case report describes severe GO induced by manidipine in a female patient (43 years old) with hypertension and Sjögren syndrome (SS). The patient was administered manidipine and carteolol hydrochloride (carteolol) as antihypertensive drugs, together with bromhexine hydrochloride for the treatment of SS.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the initial periodontal examination, probing depth (PD, average 4.83 mm), plaque control record (PCR, 84.3%), bleeding on probing (BOP, 100%), and gingival overgrowth index (GOI, 2.42) were assessed. The patient received periodontal treatment without cessation or replacement of the causative drug. Initial treatment included oral hygiene and scaling and root planing (SRP) under local anesthesia. As corrective therapy, remaining pockets were surgically removed and fixed bridges placed to establish proper occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obvious reductions in PCR (10.0%), PD (1.93 mm), GOI (0.02), and BOP (4.7%), together with a disappearance of GO, were obtained. Salivary secretion was increased after the periodontal and prosthetic treatments. Histological features were similar to those of nifedipine-induced GO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case indicated that manidipine may act as a potent inducer of severe GO, and that conventional periodontal treatments without a major change of the causative drugs can yield satisfactory clinical responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifelong Oral Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. kkikw@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.forename: Motohide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimauchi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwakura
authors.forename: Seizaburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D005890:Gingivectomy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D010879:Piperazines; D016745:Root Planing; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D010879:Piperazines; C054218:manidipine