title: Endothelial progenitor cell vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer for vascular regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have established that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are present in the systemic circulation. In the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that gene transfer can be used to achieve phenotypic modulation of EPCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, ex vivo murine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 164 gene transfer augmented EPC proliferative activity and enhanced adhesion and incorporation of EPCs into quiescent as well as activated endothelial cell monolayers. To determine if such phenotypic modulation may facilitate therapeutic neovascularization, heterologous EPCs transduced with adenovirus encoding VEGF were administered to athymic nude mice with hindlimb ischemia; neovascularization and blood flow recovery were both improved, and limb necrosis/autoamputation were reduced by 63.7% in comparison with control animals. The dose of EPCs used for the in vivo experiments was 30 times less than that required in previous trials of EPC transplantation to improve ischemic limb salvage. Necropsy analysis of animals that received DiI-labeled VEGF-transduced EPCs confirmed that enhanced EPC incorporation demonstrated in vitro contributed to in vivo neovascularization as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, VEGF EPC gene transfer enhances EPC proliferation, adhesion, and incorporation into endothelial cell monolayers. In vivo, gene-modified EPCs facilitate the strategy of cell transplantation to augment naturally impaired neovascularization in an animal model of experimentally induced limb ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass 02135, USA.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwaguro
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalka
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murasawa
authors.forename: Haruchika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Marcy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Isner
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asahara
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019076:Transgenes; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors