title: Skin only or silo closure in the critically ill patient with an open abdomen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The morbidity and mortality of various open abdominal techniques remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was made of all trauma or general surgery patients who underwent an open abdominal closure from January 1997 to December 2000, at a large urban acute care hospital. Data are mean +/- SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1997 to 2000, 181 patients (aged 39.8 +/- 16.5 years) had an open abdomen for abdominal infection, planned reexploration, abdominal compartment syndrome, inability to reapproximate fascia, or as part of a "damage control" procedure. Twenty-three patients went on to develop an abdominal compartment syndrome. Gastrointestinal fistulas occurred in 26 patients, and 9 patients had a dehiscence. The overall mortality was 44.7%. Of the survivors, 52% went on to fascial closure, requiring 1 to 7 additional abdominal operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morbidity of the open abdomen varies with the particular indication. Gastrointestinal fistulas are the most common acute complication and an abdominal wall hernia, the most common chronic complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Grady Memorial Hospital and Emory University School of Medicine, 69 Butler St. S.E., Suite 304, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Feliciano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cava
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Tchorz
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Salomone
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rozycki
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D016638:Critical Illness; D005747:Gastric Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence; D013536:Suture Techniques