title: Reboxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for panic disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as well as benzodiazepines have been shown to be effective for the treatment of panic disorder. The introduction of SSRIs has enabled a greater understanding of the role of serotonin in the etiology of panic disorder; however, the role of norepinephrine has been more challenging to ascertain. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine, a novel selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, in patients with panic disorder with and without agoraphobia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients (aged 18-65 years) with DSM-III-R panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, were randomly assigned to receive 6 to 8 mg/day of reboxetine (42 patients) or placebo (40 patients) for 8 weeks in this placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind clinical trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 82 patients enrolled in the trial, 75 were considered in the analysis (37 patients in the reboxetine group and 38 patients in the placebo group). At last assessment, there was a significant reduction in the mean number of panic attacks (range, 9.3-1.2) and phobic symptoms (range, 8.1-3.2) in the reboxetine group compared with the placebo group (ranges, 8.5-5.8 and 7.7-5.2, respectively; p < .05). Improvement in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90, and Sheehan Disability Scale scores were also greater in the reboxetine group compared with the placebo group. Adverse events reported more frequently with reboxetine than placebo included dry mouth (36% vs. 16%), constipation (27% vs. 22%), and insomnia (26% vs. 22%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reboxetine was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of panic disorder.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Versiani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perugi
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: Luigia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mastalli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savino
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D000077593:Reboxetine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D010919:Placebos; D000077593:Reboxetine; D009638:Norepinephrine