title: The increasing burden of tuberculosis in pregnant women, newborns and infants under 6 months of age in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In spite of the global epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) which has been exacerbated by HIV, the impact of these co-infections on maternal and perinatal health has been limited. We document new evidence from Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, on the increasing effects of TB in pregnant women, neonates and infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with TB were prospectively studied at the antenatal clinics and obstetric and labour wards at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, between 1996 and 1998. The incidence of TB was calculated, and the population-attributable fraction of TB due to HIV infection in pregnancy was estimated. Concurrently, culture-confirmed cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in neonates and infants under 6 months of age at the hospital were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and forty-six cases of maternal TB were detected. TB occurred in 0.1% and 0.6% of maternities in 1996 and 1998 respectively. Overall, TB rates for HIV non-infected maternities was 72.9/10(5), and for HIV-infected maternities, 774.5/10(5). The attributable fraction of TB related to HIV in pregnancy was 71.7%; 10.3% of these mothers died. There was a 2.2-fold increase in the caseload of culture-confirmed TB in neonates and young infants at the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In regions where TB and HIV prevalence is high, efforts to improve maternal and perinatal health must include the detection of TB in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Natal, Durban.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Padayatchi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Naicker
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Coovadia
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008429:Maternal Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*