title: Therapeutic administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors reverses hyperalgesia but not inflammation in a rat model of polyarthritis.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated to play a role in pain as well as in inflammation. In the present studies, the effects of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors on both pain and inflammation were examined in a rat model of polyarthritis. Female Lewis rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with peptidoglycan/polysaccharide (PG/PS) or saline to induce arthritis. Hind paw volume, response latency to thermal nociceptive stimulus and mechanical threshold were measured daily for the next 35 days. Paw inflammation, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia developed in all rats that received PG/PS compared to saline. On day 19 (chronic inflammation phase), rats were given either N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, non-selective NOS inhibitor, 100 mg/l), L-N (6)-(1-iminoethyl) lysine (L-NIL, selective inducible NOS inhibitor, 10 mg/l) or no drug in drinking water. By day 21, L-NAME treatment reversed the thermal hyperalgesia completely and this effect remained until day 35. Similarly, L-NIL treatment reversed thermal hyperalgesia from days 24 to 34. Neither treatment affected mechanical allodynia. Paw volume was not different between PG/PS treated and PG/PS plus L-NAME treated rats. However, the PG/PS plus L-NIL treatment produced an increase in paw volume greater than did PG/PS alone. Other rats were treated with PG/PS plus the antiinflammatory agent indomethacin (days 19-35). Indomethacin treatment reversed all the measured parameters, although the reversal of mechanical allodynia was only partial. These results suggest that NO is involved in thermal, but not mechanical sensory pathways and that the selective inhibition of inducible NOS activity exacerbates established inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Arthritis Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuseler
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grisham
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Roerig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C090663:N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D008239:Lysine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin