title: Diagnoses received by narcolepsy patients in the year prior to diagnosis by a sleep specialist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder whose clinical features include excessive daytime sleepiness, hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and disrupted nocturnal sleep. It has been shown that there may be quite a long interval between the onset of symptoms, and the correct diagnosis. We tested the hypothesis that given their severe symptomatology, these patients would have been diagnosed more often with a variety of psychiatric and neurologic conditions than controls in the year prior to confirmation of their narcolepsy diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Province of Manitoba Health database, we compared the diagnoses made in the year prior to initial sleep disorder center evaluation of 77 patients with narcolepsy (33 males, 44 females) and 1,155 matched control subjects from the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep disorders center in University-based teaching hospital
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were much more likely than controls to be diagnosed with mental disorders (Odds ratio (OR) = 4.0645; 95% confidence limit (CL) = 2.4671-6.6962; p<0.0001) and nervous system disorders (OR= 5.0495; CL = 3.0606 -8.3309; p<0.0001) and there was a trend towards more injuries in these patients (OR =1.6316; CL = 0.9857-2.7007; p=0.0514). We found that cases were statistically much more likely than controls to have received a diagnosis for neurotic disorders (17% of cases), depression (16%), personality disorders (3%) and adjustment reaction (4%). Although the cases had twice as many doctor visits as the controls (9.3 +/- 0.97 (sem) vs. 4.8 +/- 0.17 p<0.0001), only 38% of them had received a diagnosis of narcolepsy in the year prior to sleep specialist evaluation. Neurologists had the highest "success rate" for correct diagnosis: neurologists diagnosed narcolepsy in 55% of the cases they had seen. The other medical practitioners diagnosed narcolepsy in a much smaller percentage of the cases they had seen: 23.5% for internists (excluding neurologists), 21.9% for general practitioners, 11.1% for psychiatrists, and 0% for pediatricians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the year prior to documentation of narcolepsy in a sleep disorders center, patients with narcolepsy were diagnosed with a wide variety of mental and neurologic disorders. Our findings are supportive of either the coexistence of these disorders in narcolepsy patients or a high frequency of missed diagnosis by their clinicians. The latter may help explain the very long interval between onset of symptoms and correct diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Centre, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Section of Respiratory Diseases Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Kryger@sleep.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Mier H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kryger
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walid
authors.forename: Jure
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manfreda
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013038:Specialization