title: [Histopathologic risk factors in patients with non-seminomatous germ tumors of the testis in clinical stage 1. Retrospective study of 75 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study was performed to evaluate histopathologic prognostic risk factors in 75 patients on clinical stage 1 nonseminomatous germ cell cancer of the testis (NSGCTT).
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 1976 to February 2000 we operated on 75 patients for NSGCTT on clinical stage 1 disease. Average age was 29.5 years (range 16-71). After orchiectomy, therapeutic options included retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RLND) for 44 patients (58.6%), surveillance for 26 (34.6%) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 5 (6.6%). Testis primary tumor samples were assessed for studying prognostic risk factors that included vascular and/or lymphatic invasion (IV/IL+), percentage of embryonal carcinoma (%EC) and absence of yolk sac tumor (YS-).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were alive and disease-free. The average age follow-up was 84.5 months (range 1-254). Relapses occurred in 11 (14.6%) patients after an average follow-up of 9.09 months (range 3-24). Prognostic risk factors were detected as follows: IV/IL+ in 17 cases (22.7%), (50-80%) EC in 23 (30.6%), CE% > 80 in 23 (30.6%), YS- in 55 (72%). In 8 (10.6%) patients there was not any prognostic risk factor. Disease relapse related to prognostic risk factors was detected as follows: 18.1% for VI/LI, 90.9% for EC% > 50 (27.2% for 50-80% EC and 63.6% for CE% > 80) and 90.9% for YS-. Relapsing rates between patients with EC% > 80 and 50-80% EC resulted statistically significant (p = 0.02, odds ratio = 12.25). Relapsing rates between patients on surveillance and those who underwent RLND was next to be significant (p = 0.05, odds ratio 3.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EC% > 80 is a prognostic risk factor for disease relapse in patients with clinical stage 1 NSGCT who are selected in a high risk group requiring RPLND or neoadjuvant chemotherapy as therapeutical option.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Clinicizzata di Urologia, Ospedale Policlinico G. Rossi, Verona, Italia.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Porcaro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zecchini Antoniolli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martignoni
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bassetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schiavone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tallarigo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ficarra
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Curti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018237:Germinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*