title: Predicting 30-minute postdialysis blood urea concentrations using the stop dialysate flow method.
abstract: The stop dialysate flow (SDF) method has been the recommended method of postdialysis urea sampling by the Scottish Renal Association since November 1998. However, this method does not lend itself to calculation of Kt/V using currently favored formulas, which require either a 30-minute postdialysis sample or a 20-second "slow flow" sample. We, therefore, derived a formula that uses a 5-minute postdialysis urea sample using the SDF method to estimate the urea concentration at 30 minutes. Blood samples were obtained from 70 hemodialysis patients immediately before dialysis and at 0, 5, and 30 minutes postdialysis. Half of the patients from each unit were randomly selected to form the linear regression equation: Estimated 30-minute urea concentration = 1.06 x (5-minute urea concentration) + 0.22. This equation was validated using the data from the remaining 35 patients. This showed a very close correlation between measured and estimated urea concentration at 30 minutes (R2 = 0.97), and a Bland-Altman plot confirmed this close relationship. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of this equation were high when used to estimate 30-minute urea reduction ratio (URR) greater than 65% (100%, 85.7%, 97%, and 100%, respectively) and 30-minute Kt/V greater than 1. 2 (96.7%, 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively). The coupling of the SDF method with the above formula combines the advantages of simple and reproducible postdialysis blood sampling with an accurate estimation of the 30-minute postdialysis blood urea concentration, URR, and Kt/V. This method should be a useful tool for comparative audit of hemodialysis adequacy.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Glasgow Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. jamie.traynor@northglasgow.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jamie P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.forename: Colin C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Geddes
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mactier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014508:Urea