title: HLA-AB typing by polymerase-chain reaction with sequence-specific primers: more accurate, less errors, and increased resolution compared to serological typing.
abstract: Until recently, serological typing has been the primary technique used for HLA class I analysis. But because of limitations, molecular-typing techniques have replaced or supplemented the microlymphocytotoxicity test. It has been assumed that HLA class I serological typing was more accurate than serological HLA-DR typing; the latter has been shown to have 10-25% errors. But several studies have shown that HLA-AB typing was poorer than expected, and error frequencies between 5-25% were reported. This study systematically investigated the accuracy of HLA class I serological AB typing in healthy, bone-marrow registry donors, necrokidney donors, kidney-transplantation patients (on waiting lists), and haematological disorder patients. Genomic HLA class I typing, which uses polymerase-chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), gave discrepant results in 3-24% of the patients, compared to serological typings. The highest error rate (24%) was found among haematological disorder patients. Among the kidney waiting-list patients and necrokidney donors, 11% discrepancies were found. In the consecutively typed bone-marrow donors group, 3% errors were found. But among those with only one detected HLA-A specificity, 12% discrepancies were found, and among donors with only one detected HLA-B specificity, 19% errors were found. Based on these results, we recommend that patients with haematological disorders should be typed using genomic techniques. In investigations of bone-marrow registry donors and kidney patients, in which only one serological specificity is found, additional typing by genomic methods should be done.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. marie.schaffer@impi.ki.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olerup
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D017931:DNA Primers; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012494:Sampling Studies
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006680:HLA Antigens; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D015236:HLA-C Antigens