title: Nitric oxide affects the phosphorylation state of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and neurofilament: an immunocytochemical study in the brain of rats and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-knockouts.
abstract: Alterations in function and specific cellular location of cytoskeletal elements are characterized by changes in their phosphorylation state. On this background we studied immunocytochemically the distribution pattern of neurofilament (NF) in its phosphorylated (P-NF) and nonphosphorylated (NP-NF) form and of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) in the rat and mouse brain. Neurons that are strongly positive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactivity (IR) showed, interestingly, neither P-NF- nor MAP-2-IR. In contrast, nNOS-negative neuronal cell elements exhibited an intense IR and specific location for both antigens throughout the brain. As a model we chose the dorsolateral tegmental nucleus (LDT) of knockout (nNOS(-/-)) mice in which the main splice isoform nNOSalpha is lacking, but a low nNOS-activity persists, apparently due to the splice isoforms nNOSbeta and gamma. The principal neurons of such nNOS(-/-)-mice, which are equivalent to the nNOS-containing neurons in the LDT of wild-type mice exhibited a decreased nitrotyrosine-IR and an increased phosphotyrosine-IR if compared to those of wild-type mice. The same neurons failed to show NF-IR and MAP-2-IR, though. When the residual nNOS activity in nNOS(-/-)-mice was inhibited by treatment with N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) the principal neurons displayed a moderate MAP-2 and NF-staining. NO and NO-derived oxygen species are suggested to modulate the balance between the activities of kinases and phosphatases, thus changing phosphorylation levels for NF, MAP-2, and, possibly, other proteins in neurons and adjacent cell elements.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Neurobiology, University of Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. fritz.rothe@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Possel
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase