title: Improvements in blood rheology after cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training in patients with coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to examine the effect of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training on blood rheology in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Although increased blood and plasma viscosity have been associated with an increased risk of CHD, the effects of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training on blood rheology in patients with CHD are uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed whole blood effective viscosity (mu), hematocrit standardized blood viscosity (mu45)), red blood cell transport efficiency (tau(rbc)), and plasma viscosity (PV) in 23 nonsmoking patients with CHD before and after a phase II cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training program. In addition, we compared the group data with the data of a healthy reference group of 10 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CHD had significantly elevated mu (3.35 +/- 0.35 cp vs 3.06 +/- 0.19 cp, P <.05) and mu45 (3.51 +/- 0.29 cp vs 3.12 +/- 0.06 cp, P <.001) and reduced tau(rbc) (12.7% +/- 1.0% x cp(-1) vs 14.2% +/- 0.7% x cp(-1), P <.001) compared with healthy subjects. After rehabilitation, patients with CHD had reductions in PV (1.85 +/- 0.18 cp vs 1.77 +/- 0.11 cp, P <.01) and mu45 (3.58 +/- 0.22 cp vs 3.39 +/- 0.22 cp, P <.0001) and an increase in tau(rbc) (12.4% +/- 0.8% x cp(-1) vs 13.2% +/- 0.9% x cp(-1), P <.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac rehabilitation improves blood rheology in patients with CHD by reducing mu45 and PV and elevating tau(rbc). These improvements may contribute to the increased functional capacity and reduced morbidity and mortality that is associated with participation in cardiac rehabilitation and exercise programs.
authors.affiliation: Rheology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La, USA. tchurch@cooperinst.org
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kirby
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D018056:Hemorheology / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged