title: Murine Sall1 represses transcription by recruiting a histone deacetylase complex.
abstract: The multi-zinc finger proteins of the Sal family regulate organogenesis. Genetic evidence from Drosophila has shown that spalt (sal) can alter gene expression in a cell autonomous fashion, but Sal proteins have never been directly analyzed for their ability to activate or repress transcription. In this report, we show that a member of the Sal family, mouse Sall1, is a potent transcriptional repressor. When fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain, Sall1 represses transcription of a luciferase reporter by over 100-fold. Expression of the N terminus alone is sufficient for dose-responsive repression that, as shown by deletion analysis, requires the extreme N-terminal amino acids of the protein. The N terminus of Sall1 can repress at both short and long range relative to the promoter, and treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A, alleviates repression by 3-fold. The same regions of the protein that are required for repression physically interact with components of chromatin remodeling complexes, HDAC1, HDAC2, RbAp46/48, MTA-1, and MTA-2. Finally, we demonstrate that Sall1 is localized to discrete nuclear foci and this localization depends on the N-terminal repression domain. Together, these results suggest that the N terminus of mouse Sall1 can recruit HDAC complexes to mediate transcriptional repression.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Susan McLeskey
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Bradley W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McDill
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauchman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C491254:Sall1 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; C012589:trichostatin A; D006655:Histone Deacetylases