title: Expression of components of the IGF signalling system in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system have been reported for different tumours. They are of particular interest in the search for new prognostic and therapeutic approaches in cancer. In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) the amount of "tumour mass" at diagnosis can exceed 1 kg. To understand the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine potential of the malignant transformed progenitor cells, the ability of these cells to express components of the IGF system needs to be investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterise the expression pattern of genes of the IGF system in malignant lymphoblasts of children suffering from ALL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of Ficoll separated mononuclear cells from 142 children with ALL, 127 cord blood samples, and 55 blood samples of age matched controls were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), and CTGF (IGFBP-rP2) was seen in a higher proportion of mononuclear cells of patients with ALL than in controls. Patients with ALL who were in continuous remission had a lower percentage of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 expressing mononuclear cells at diagnosis than did those who developed a relapse. Only malignant lymphoblasts of B cell origin showed expression of CTGF (IGFBP-rP2). Malignant lymphoblasts of T cell origin more often expressed IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5, whereas IGF-II and IGFBP-3 expression was seen more often in lymphoblasts of B cell origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malignant lymphoblasts of patients with ALL express components of the IGF system and therefore promote their own growth in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Whether these components will be useful as prognostic factors in the stratification of ALL treatment in children needs to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Emanuel-Larisch-Weg 17-19, D-39112 Magdeburg, Germany. Peter.Vorwerk@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vorwerk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wex
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohnike
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mittler
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D013002:Somatomedins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II