title: Cytotoxicity of resin-, zinc oxide-eugenol-, and calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers on human periodontal ligament cells and permanent V79 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of three different types of root canal sealer on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and a permanent hamster cell line (V79 cells).
  
  
  METHODS
  Set specimens from two resin based sealers (AH26 and AHPlus), three zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers (Canals, Endomethasone and N2) and one calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Sealapex) were eluted with culture medium for 1, 2, 3 and 7 days. Cytotoxicity was judged using tetrazolium bromide reduction assay on human primary PDL cells and V79 cells derived from a Chinese hamster.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that elutes from resin-based, zinc oxide-eugenol-based, and calcium hydroxide-based sealers were cytotoxic to primary human PDL cultures and V79 cells. Calcium hydroxide-based sealer was the least toxic sealer amongst the chemicals tested in both cultures. The cytotoxic response decreased in an order of N2 > Endomethasone > AH26 > AHplus > Canals > Sealapex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sensitivity of toxicity depended on the materials tested and the cell culture system used. Thus, the use of both permanent and primary cells is recommended for screening of the cytotoxic effects of root canal sealers. In addition, the results confirmed that root canal sealers constantly dissolve when exposed to an aqueous environment for extended periods, possibly causing moderate or severe cytotoxic reactions. Use of calcium hydroxide-based material as a root canal sealer initially may result in a more favourable response to periradicular tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College Hospital, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, 23 Section 1 Taichung-Kang Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: F-M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: M-Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D001729:Bismuth / Q000633:toxicity; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D008709:Methenamine / Q000633:toxicity; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000633:toxicity; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013943:Thymol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C112894:canals sealer; C011244:corticosteroid methanetriol mixture; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C055601:Sealapex; D005557:Formaldehyde; D013943:Thymol; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D003907:Dexamethasone; D014025:Titanium; D008709:Methenamine; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D001729:Bismuth; D006854:Hydrocortisone