title: Effect of antiretroviral combination therapies including efavirenz in heavily pretreated HIV-infected children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this retrospective study the effect of antiretroviral combination regimens including the non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) efavirenz (EFV) on viral load (VL) and CD4-cell count in heavily pretreated HIV-infected children was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 15 children (< 16 years) were evaluated during a treatment period of at least 52 weeks. Patients received a median of 4 prior antiretroviral regimens and were changed to combinations with EFV because of renewed increasing VL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viral load (Amplicor, detection limit 50 copies/ml) and CD4-cells were measured every 4-8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median reduction of the viral load for the total study population was 1.9 log10 (0.8 - 4.7), 2.3 log(10) (0.5 - 4.7) and 2.6 log(10) (0-4.7) after 12, 24 and 52 weeks, respectively. After 24 weeks 7/15 children and after 52 weeks 9/15 patients had reductions of the VL below the detection limit. The median increase of CD4-cells in the study population during the treatment period were 104 cells/microl (189-969), 220 cells/microl (170-831) and 321 cells/ml (162-574) after 12, 24 and 52 weeks, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with intensive prior antiretroviral therapy and multiple therapeutic failures with PI-containing regimens, combination therapy including EFV resulted in an excellent antiretroviral efficacy. After 52 weeks 9/15 patients had persistent reductions of the VL below 50 copies/ml, although none of these children reached this level of viral suppression during their multiple prior protease inhibitor-containing regimens.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engelhorn
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Notheis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Belohradsky
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wintergerst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D048588:Benzoxazines; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019888:Nelfinavir / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010078:Oxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010078:Oxazines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019888:Nelfinavir; C098320:efavirenz