title: [Botulinum toxin A--effect on spasticity].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe spasticity may lead to problems of movement and function, pain and hygiene, and may be difficult to treat. A team of neurologists and physiotherapists evaluated the effect of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) on spasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with central nervous disorders were included in this study. Function, pain and personal hygiene were assessed before and after injections with BTX-A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients experienced improvement of function and/or pain relief. One patient had improved perception in his hand, and one patient needed only two injections to stop a vicious circle. The effect varied from patient to patient. It seemed that patients with some preserved motor control in the spastic limb could use it to learn more appropriate movement strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that doctors and physiotherapists work together to identify muscle groups that need to be targeted for injection and evaluate consequences of the treatment. Injections with BTX-A should be combined with physiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Haukeland Sykehus 5021 Bergen. tori.smedal@haukeland.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smedal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gjelsvik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lygren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borgmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Waje-Andreassen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grønning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010243:Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A