title: Transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like signalling pathways in parasitic helminths.
abstract: The signal transduction pathways involved in regulating developmental arrest in the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, are fairly well characterised. However, much less is known about how these processes may influence the developmental timing and maturation in helminth parasites. Here, we provide an overview of two signalling pathways implicated in the regulation of dauer larva formation in C. elegans, the insulin-like signalling pathway and the transforming growth factor-beta pathway, and explore what is known about these signalling pathways in a variety of parasitic helminths. Understanding the differences about how these pathways are affected by environmental cues in free-living versus parasitic species of helminths may provide insights into novel mechanisms for the control or prevention of helminth-induced disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta