title: Treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia with a dopamine agonist in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risperidone, a potent antagonist of both serotonergic (5HT2A) and dopaminergic D2 receptors is associated with hyperprolactinemia in adults and children. Chronically elevated prolactin levels in children with prolactinomas may be associated with arrested growth and development resulting in either delayed puberty or short stature. These possibilities stress the importance of developing a safe and effective approach to drug-induced hyperprolactinemia in youth. We report the successful treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia with cabergoline in youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective case review of four children with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia treated with cabergoline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four males (age 6-11 years) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) bipolar disorder or psychoses, with risperidone-induced elevations in serum prolactin levels (57.5-129 ng/mL, normal 5-15 ng/mL), were treated with cabergoline (mean dose 2.13 +/- 0.09 mg/week). When serum prolactin levels normalized in all four subjects (mean 11.2 +/- 10.9 ng/mL), the cabergoline dose was reduced to 1 mg/week in three of four subjects. The mean duration of therapy with cabergoline was 523.5 +/- 129.7 days, and the mean duration of therapy with risperidone was 788.5 +/- 162.5 days. Cabergoline was well tolerated without adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cabergoline may be useful for the treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in youth; however, further research is needed.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. lcohen1@partners.org
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077465:Cabergoline; D002648:Child; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004873:Ergolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004873:Ergolines; D018967:Risperidone; D000077465:Cabergoline