title: C-reactive protein and angiographic coronary artery disease: independent and additive predictors of risk in subjects with angina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) independent of coronary angiographic findings.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  High sensitivity CRP, a marker of inflammation, predicts risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is uncertain whether it remains predictive once angiographic findings are considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,554 patients with angina but without acute myocardial infarction (MI) were studied angiographically; 1,848 patients had coronary artery disease (CAD) and 706 patients did not. Coronary artery disease was quantified in five ways and combined for a CAD score. C-reactive protein was measured and patients were followed for up to five years for death or MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C-reactive protein correlated with the extent of CAD, but correlation coefficients were low (0.02 to 0.08). Of angiographic measures, the CAD score best predicted future events (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8 [1.2 to 2.6], p = 0.004, for CAD score > 4). C-reactive protein > or = 1.0 mg/dl was predictive in both patients without CAD (HR = 2.3 [0.9 to 5.5], p = 0.07) and with CAD (HR = 2.1 [1.5 to 3.1], p = 0.0001). Multivariate adjustment resulted in little change in HR. C-reactive protein retained predictive value within each quintile of CAD score. C-reactive protein and CAD independently and additively contributed to the risk prediction: low CRP and lowest CAD score was associated with lowest risk, and high CRP and highest CAD score was associated with the highest risk, with a 10-fold difference between extremes (2.5% vs. 24%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C-reactive protein correlates with extent of CAD, but the degree of correlation is low. Severity/extent of CAD and CRP are independent and additive predictors of risk. Therapy should target CRP-associated risk as well as angiographically evident stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zebrack
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Muhlestein
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein