title: Toll-like receptor 4 surface expression on human monocytes and B cells is modulated by IL-2 and IL-4.
abstract: Human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has recently been identified, and it has been shown to be the main protein involved in recognizing gram-negative bacteria. We examined the regulation of TLR4 surface expression in human peripheral blood monocytes and B cells by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. IL-2 up-regulated TLR4 surface expression on human peripheral blood monocytes, but did not change expression on human peripheral B cells. By contrast, IL-4 down-regulated TLR4 surface expression on human peripheral blood monocytes, but up-regulated TLR4 surface expression on human peripheral B cells. These results indicate that Th1 cytokine IL-2 enhances receptors involved in the response to gram-negative bacteria and that activation of cellular immunity may enhance defense against these pathogens through monocytes, but not B cells, whereas Th2 cytokine IL-4 modulates the receptor response to gram-negative bacteria and that activation of humoral immunity may enhance defense against these pathogens through B cells, but not monocytes.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. ymita@pop.showa.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dobashi
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endou
authors.forename: Tadayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Tsugio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D015536:Down-Regulation; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015847:Interleukin-4