title: Should parents be present during emergency department procedures on children, and who should make that decision? A survey of emergency physician and nurse attitudes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey physician and nurse attitudes regarding parental presence during painful procedures on children performed in the emergency department (ED) and who should make that decision.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was an anonymous written survey consisting of six clinical scenarios distributed to all staff and resident physicians and nurses in ten EDs at institutions in the United States routinely caring for children. Participants were asked whether parents should remain with children undergoing intravenous (IV) placement, laceration repair, lumbar puncture, conscious sedation, major resuscitation, and major resuscitation with death. They also were asked who should make the decision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of physicians who responded that parents should be present was 91.3% for peripheral IV start, 93.3% for laceration repair, 65.7% for lumbar puncture, 83.1% for conscious sedation, 31.9% for major resuscitation, and 35.6% for major resuscitation where death was likely. The percentage of nurses who responded that parents should be present was 86.8% for peripheral IV start, 89.6% for laceration repair, 55.0% for lumbar puncture, 74.9% for conscious sedation, 41.4% for major resuscitation, and 54.3% for major resuscitation where death was likely. In 64.8% of the completed surveys, the physicians indicated that they alone or in conjunction with a parent should make the decision. In 61.5% of the completed surveys, the nurses indicated that they should be involved in the decision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A majority of emergency physicians and nurses indicated parents should be present for some invasive pediatric procedures. However, as the invasiveness of the pediatric procedures increased, fewer physicians and nurses believed that parents should be present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cordell
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Brizendine
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Boie
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: Mitchell J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Marilyn R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Geninatti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000523:psychology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010372:Pediatrics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires