title: [Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as antibacterial prophylaxis during induction therapy of children with acute lymphatic leukemia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are treated with intensive chemotherapy, which results in profound immunosuppression. Treatment with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is therefore used in some departments as prophylaxis against infections with both bacteria and Pneumocystis carinii. The use of TMP/SMX for prophylaxis during the induction therapy is not uniform in the four departments of paediatric oncology in Denmark. This gave us the opportunity to describe the effect of TMP/SMX on bacterial infections in children with ALL during the induction therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1997, 210 children were diagnosed with ALL in Denmark. From a retrospective review of the medical charts, the number of children with fever (> 38 degrees C), the number of febrile days, days of antibiotic treatment, and the number of positive blood cultures were registered for each febrile episode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fourteen children received TMP/SMX prophylaxis (10-30 mg/SMX/kg/day) and 76 did not. Children who received TMP/SMX prophylaxis had significantly fewer episodes of fever (66/114 (58%) vs. 60/76 (79%), p < 0.01) and significantly fewer children who received the prophylaxis had positive blood cultures before the start of antibiotic treatment compared with children who did not receive prophylaxis (23/114 (20%) vs 37/76 (49%), p < 0.001)). Nineteen different species were isolated from the blood stream before the start of antibiotic treatment. In the non-prophylaxis group there were a preponderance of isolates with Staph. aureus, Str. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. There was no difference in the mortality between the two groups (p = 0.44). There were no cases of P. carinii pneumonia in the period of induction therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMP/SMX prophylaxis during induction therapy for childhood ALL seems to reduce the risk of bacteraemias and febrile illness.
authors.affiliation: Arhus Universitetshospital, Skejby Sygehus, børneonkologisk afdeling, DK-8200 Arhus N.
authors.forename: Kirstine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Agger
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schrøder
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosthøj
authors.forename: Niels Torp
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Kjeld
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmiegelow
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003718:Denmark; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016720:Pneumocystis Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination