title: Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in early rheumatoid arthritis: a longterm observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness, toxicity, and drug survival in an observational longterm study of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred twenty-eight patients with early RA were investigated between January 1987 and December 1995. All patients had a disease duration of less than one year and had not been previously treated with any disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). The following drugs were introduced at the doses specified: hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (200-400 mg/day), D-penicillamine (D-Pen) (500 mg/day), sulfasalazine (SSZ) (2-3 g/day), auranofin (6 mg/day), intramuscular gold (IM gold, 50 mg/week), methotrexate (MTX) (0.15 mg/kg/week, per os), cyclosporin A (CSA) (3 mg/kg/day), azathioprine (AZA) (2-3 mg/kg/day), cyclophosphamide (CYC) (1-2 mg/kg/day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred eighty-three patients were treated with one DMARD for at least 6 months. Sixty-five percent of patients were seropositive. The disease duration was 9.2 (3.1) months and the followup period of 12.7 (4.8) years, ranging from 7 months to 13 years. The drugs of first choice were: D-Pen (32%), HCQ (30%), MTX (21%), CSA (8%), and IM gold (7%). After the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th prescriptions, MTX was the most popular drug (27%), while D-Pen and HCQ were prescribed less frequently. The longest drug survival was seen in MTX treated patients, followed by CSA, without significant differences between them. D-Pen, HCQ, and IM gold had the largest dropout rate. The main causes for drug discontinuation were drug inefficacy (HCQ), followed by adverse drug reactions (D-Pen).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that MTX has the longest survival time, with CSA following in second place. The main reasons for discontinuation of treatment were drug inefficacy, followed by adverse drug reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alamanos
authors.forename: Ioannis A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsifetaki
authors.forename: Paraskevi V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Voulgari
authors.forename: Alexandros A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Drosos
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents