title: Arthroscopic release of the rotator interval and coracohumeral ligament: An anatomic study in cadavers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this cadaveric study was to examine the anatomy of the normal glenohumeral joint relevant to an arthroscopic rotator interval release and define both the endpoints of a complete release of the coracohumeral ligament and the relationship to surrounding tendons and nerves.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anatomic cadaveric study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were studied with 5 specimens in group I and 10 specimens in group II. Group I specimens were used to examine the relevant anatomy, including the structures at risk, the dimensions of the rotator interval, and potential endpoints for release of the coracohumeral ligament. Measurements included (1) the supraspinatus to the subscapularis distance, (2) the distance from the rotator interval to the deep surface of the coracoid process, and (3) the distance from the rotator interval to the coracoacromial ligament at the level of the glenoid. Group II specimens underwent arthroscopic release of the rotator interval using the appearance of the coracoacromial ligament as the superficial endpoint. Dissection was then performed to examine for complete release of the coracohumeral ligament and to assess the structures at risk of injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distance from the anterior edge of supraspinatus to the superior edge of subscapularis at the glenoid rim was 21.6 mm, which increased to 27.8 mm with joint distention. The minimum distance from the rotator interval to the deep surface of the coracoid process was 11.4 mm. Before distention, the coracoacromial ligament was an average of 6.2 mm from the rotator interval capsule. Arthroscopic release from the supraspinatus to the subscapularis resulted in complete resection of the coracohumeral ligament in all 15 specimens. There were no specimens with evidence of injury to the biceps tendon, supraspinatus, subscapularis, or the conjoint tendon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that intra-articularly directed arthroscopic release of the rotator interval can safely lead to complete release of the coracohumeral ligament if dissection is taken superficially to the level of the coracoacromial ligament.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A Marc
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tetro
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hollstien
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001344:Autopsy; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology