title: Effect of prenatal treatment on the risk of intracranial and ocular lesions in children with congenital toxoplasmosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification and retinochoroiditis are the most common manifestations of tissue damage due to congenital toxoplasmosis, but the effect of prenatal treatment on these outcomes is unclear. We aimed to determine the effect of prenatal treatment for toxoplasmosis on the risk of intracranial and ocular lesions in congenitally infected children at 3 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of mothers identified during pregnancy with toxoplasma infection and their 181 liveborn children with confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis was retrospectively analysed to determine the presence of intracranial and ocular lesions. As few women are not treated, we compared the effects of the treatment potency (pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine versus spiramycin or no treatment), and the timing of treatment, on the risks of intracranial lesions, time to detection of ocular lesions, and detection of any lesions (intracranial or ocular) by 3 years of age. Analyses took account of the gestation at maternal seroconversion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no evidence for an effect of pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine on intracranial, ocular or any lesions by 3 years: odds ratio (OR) for any lesions 0.89 (95% CI : 0.41, 1.88). There was no evidence of an effect of delayed treatment on ocular lesions (hazard ratio = 0.69, 95% CI : 0.28, 1.68) or any lesions by 3 years of age (OR = 0.44, 95% CI : 0.16, 1.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study failed to detect a beneficial effect of early or more potent anti toxoplasma treatment on the risks of intracranial or ocular lesions in children with congenital toxoplasmosis. However, larger, prospective studies, which determine the effect of prenatal treatment on long-term developmental outcomes are required to justify changes in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ades
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016015:Logistic Models; D018942:Macrolides; D008297:Male; D011181:Postnatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D018942:Macrolides