title: Ramipril Enhances Autonomic Control in Essential Hypertension: A Study Employing Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variation.
abstract: We estimated the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on the sympathetic and parasympathetic input to the sinoatrial node of hypertensive patients using spectral and time domain analysis of heart rate variation (HRV). The heart rate of patients with essential hypertension was recorded during spontaneous breathing at rest and during controlled deep breathing. The periodic HRV was quantified at low-frequency (0.025--0.075 Hz), mid-frequency (0.075--0.125 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15--0.40 Hz) bands. Ramipril changed the balance of autonomic nervous system assessed by spectra: the parasympathetic tone increased (p < 0.05) and the sympathetic tone decreased (p < 0.01). There was an inverse correlation between the decrease in diastolic blood pressure and increase in the mid-frequency HRV, which is connoted with resetting of the baroreceptor reflex by ramipril. Thus, ramipril treatment was associated with improved autonomic control of the circulatory system.
authors.affiliation: Cardiorespiratory Research Unit, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tiina M.
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: Taina H.
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Metsälä
authors.forename: Ilkka M.
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kantola
authors.forename: Jarmo O.
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jalonen
authors.forename: Liisa-Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Voipio-Pulkki
authors.forename: Ilkka A.T.
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Välimäki
authors.forename: Jorma S.A.
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari