Lineage-specific mechanism of drug and radiation resistance in melanoma mediated by tyrosinase-related protein 2.
A major obstacle in the clinical management of malignant melanoma is its intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Consequently, most patients with melanoma often do not respond to conventional anticancer therapy in a clinically significant manner. Recent advances in cancer research have provided new insights into the mechanisms of intrinsic resistance in melanomas. We have recently reported that the over-expression of tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2), an enzyme that is well characterized for its function in melanin synthesis, is associated specifically with resistance to DNA damaging drugs and radiation treatment. This review will summarize our findings as well as discuss the possible mechanisms by which TYRP2 over-expression contributes to intrinsic resistance in human malignant melanoma.
Pak
B J
BJ
Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre and Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada.
Chu
W
W
Lu
S J
SJ
Kerbel
R S
RS
Ben-David
Y
Y
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011836:Radiation Tolerance
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase