title: Bladder and renal stones: management and treatment.
abstract: The prevalence of renal tract calculi in the population is such that patients may present acutely not only to urologists, but in the setting of any medical specialty. This article aims to enable all practitioners to be able to recognize the condition and instigate early investigation and management before referring to the urologist for definitive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Middlesex Hospital, London W1W 7EY.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westenberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zafirakis
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary