title: The inverse relationship between bone status and blood pressure among Polish men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An evaluation of relationships between bone density and blood pressure in healthy men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional population-based survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ethnically homogeneous sample of 208 men, aged 35-63, healthy and occupationally active inhabitants of the city of Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, Poland were studied. Trabecular, cortical and total bone mineral content (BMC) at the ultra-distal radius of the non-dominant hand were assessed by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT: Stratec 960 apparatus). Body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of general obesity. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured using an MPC-350 sphygmomanometer. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between BP and BMC. A two-way analysis of covariance was carried out to test for the significance of inter-group differences in BMC with regard to age and BP with BMI as a contiuous covariable. Multiple logistic regression was used to verify whether some select factors (age, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP) could significantly predict male bone status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic BP was not related to bone status at the ultra-distal radius. There were no differences in any BMC between systolic hyper- and normotensive subjects. Additionally, systolic hypertension did not affect the probability of an occurrence of male osteopenia (independently of age and BMI). In contrast, there were significant negative relationships between diastolic BP, and trabecular and total (but not cortical) BMC (even when controlled for age and BMI). Moreover, diastolic hypertensive men had reduced BMC at the ultra-distal radius when compared with normotensive subjects. It is noteworthy that Polish men of diastolic BP exceeding 90 mmHg had an approximately 1.50-fold increased relative risk of being osteopenic when compared with normotensive subjects (even when controlled for age, BMI and systolic BP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the light of the inverse relationship between BMC and diastolic BP, Polish men with elevated diastolic BP seem to be more prone to the excessive age-related bone loss.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw. Ewa.Jankowska@antro.pan.wroc.pl
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jankowska
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Susanne
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rogucka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001824:Body Constitution; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D012044:Regression Analysis