title: Conization, frozen section examination, and planned hysterectomy in the treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the role of frozen section examination of the cone specimen in the evaluation of the resection margin status and to rule out invasion in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia underwent conization followed by frozen section examination and planned hysterectomy. The results of the definitive paraffin exam were compared with frozen section examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the evaluation of the margins by frozen section examination, 16 patients (64%) had positive cone margins and 9 (36%) had negative margins. The definitive paraffin examination of margin status was concordant in all the cases. Intraoperative diagnosis of invasion was made in 5 cases, and 1 of these was microinvasive. Among the remaining 20 cases, we detected 2 additional microinvasive carcinomas after paraffin study, so the diagnosis of the frozen section examination was concordant with the paraffin sections in 23/25 cases (92%). Two cases of microinvasive carcinoma were diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by frozen section examination and had less than 2 mm stromal invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, frozen section examination can provide immediate and precise evaluation of the cone margin status in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It can identify frank invasion and permit adequate treatment in a one-stage procedure. In early microinvasive disease, frozen section examination fails to detect the area of invasion but reliably detects clear resection margins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pincerato
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pereyra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019092:Conization; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*