title: [Relationship between the fecal mutagenicity and metal content, smoking habit and dietary intake].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was carried out to collect basic data on exposure of mucous cells of the large intestine to mutagens by investigating the genotoxicity of fecal samples from the urban population. Simultaneously, relations with food intake (food groups and nutritive components), lifestyle factors and fecal metal content was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 199 self-collected fecal samples from middle aged healthy volunteer living in urban areas of Osaka city were freeze-dried and ground in a mill. The mutagenicity of aqueous extracts of the ground samples was measured by the umu-test. Metal content of the feces was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometlly. On the day previous to the feces collection, the contents of meals were recorded and confirmed by interview with a dietitian. Quantification of nutritive components was carried out using the 4th edition of the Japan Food Standard Vomposition Table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mutagenicity of feces was higher in males than in females, and in those aged 40-49 years than 50-69 years in males but not females. Large differences were found for content of 8 metals in the feces; concentrations were in the decreasing order of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, iron, manganese and copper, the highest being 20.4 mg for calcium and the lowest was 53.5 micrograms for copper. Between the metal contents and mutagenicity, values for zinc and iron showed positive correlations and for sodium a negative correlation under S9(+) conditions. A weak but significant correlation was observed between the numbers of cigarettes smoked per day and S9 (+) mutagenicity. However we could not find any relation with food groups or nutritive components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is well known that human feces contain many mutagens and carcinogens and that these can act directly on the mucous membrane of large intestine. Therefore, it is very important to estimate exposure levels. From the present data we can conclude that relations between mutation-activity of the feces and diet are complex. Their elucidation will require a large number of volunteers who have similar living conditions to obtain appropriate data.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komachi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D009153:Mutagens