title: Effect of strenuous arm crank exercise on platelet function in patients with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of arm crank exercise on various platelet functions and prostacyclin in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research project at a hospital-based exercise physiology laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven men (with lesions at levels T11, n = 1; T12, n = 2; L1, n = 2; L2, n = 2) and 3 women (T12, n = 1; L1, n = 2) in the SCI group had SCI for at least 6 weeks. Ten age- and gender-matched healthy people who had not engaged in any regular physical activity for at least 1 year were selected as the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects exercised strenuously by using an arm crank engometer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platelet adhesiveness on fibrinogen-coated surface and epinephrine-induced aggregation in vitro, plasma soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), and urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1alpha) (6-keto PGF(1alpha)) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCI group had higher platelet adhesiveness and aggregability and plasma sP-selectin level, but lower urinary 6-keto PGF(1alpha) level than the control group. Platelet adhesiveness and aggregability were enhanced by strenuous arm exercise in all subjects, but only in the SCI group was sP-selectin level increased by exercise. Strenuous exercise raised the levels of 6-keto PGF(1alpha) in control group subjects, but not in subjects with SCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with SCI had more extensive basal and exercise-induced platelet activation and sP-selectin release than people without SCI. Moreover, strenuous arm exercise, which enhanced the release of prostacyclin in healthy subjects, failed to do so in those with SCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC. s5492@mail.cgu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Jong-Shyan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chih Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: May-Kuen
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D015539:Platelet Activation; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha