title: Risk factors for secondary membrane formation after removal of pediatric cataract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of secondary membrane formation, factors that lead to its development, and the frequency of procedures to treat these membranes in children after cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical records of 152 patients (190 eyes) who had cataract extraction between January 1986 and 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up was 6 years (range 2 to 13 years). Cataract surgery was performed through a limbal incision in all cases. Twenty-eight eyes had a primary posterior capsulectomy, and 120 eyes had posterior capsulectomy combined with an anterior vitrectomy. In 42 eyes, the posterior capsule was left intact. Nineteen eyes received a primary intraocular lens (IOL), 15 eyes received a secondary IOL, and 156 eyes were rehabilitated with spectacles or contact lenses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two eyes (37.9%) developed secondary membrane a mean of 8.9 months postoperatively (range 3 weeks to 53 months). Membranes occurred in 78.6% of eyes with an intact posterior capsule, 42.9% with posterior capsulectomy, and 22.5% with combined posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy. Secondary membrane formation was associated with not performing a posterior capsulectomy with anterior vitrectomy (P < .001) and the presence of a primary IOL (P < .001). Younger age at surgery increased the chance of secondary membrane formation in patients who had posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The younger the child at cataract surgery, the greater the risk of secondary membrane. Primary posterior capsulectomy combined with an anterior vitrectomy decreased but did not eliminate the incidence of secondary membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Banu M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hosal
authors.forename: Albert W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Biglan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003261:Contact Lenses; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007905:Lens Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy