title: Prevalence of Salmonella spp in selected birds captured on California dairies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp in wild birds commonly found on California dairies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 selected species of birds were captured on 9 dairies in Kings and Tulare counties, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Birds were captured (using traps and nets) and euthanatized, and the entire gastrointestinal tract was removed. Contents of the gastrointestinal tract were subjected to culture for Salmonella spp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  892 birds were captured, and Salmonella spp were isolated from 22 birds. The prevalence by dairy ranged from 0.7 to 16.7%, whereas the prevalence by bird species ranged from 1.2 to 3.2%. Cowbirds and English sparrows had the highest prevalence of Salmonella organisms. Five serotypes of Salmonella organisms were isolated, including Meleagridis, Montevideo, Muenster, Typhimurium, and an untyped serotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of our findings, birds that commonly inhabit California dairies harbor Salmonella organisms. However, because of the low prevalence of Salmonella organisms in birds and the Salmonella serotypes isolated, birds are not important reservoirs of Salmonella organisms on California dairies.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medicine Extension, School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Davis 93274, USA.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jeffrey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003612:Dairying; D004064:Digestive System / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012703:Serotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D020308:Songbirds