title: Influence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on the production of interleukin-6 by peripheral human blood leukocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, therapy with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) revealed positive effects on neurodegenerative disorders associated with inflammation of the CNS, such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. Pathophysiologically, focal CNS inflammation seems to be accompanied by an unbalanced cytokine production, pointing to an involvement of the immune system. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate whether NADH could influence cytokine release of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with special reference to interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  
  
  METHODS
  PBLs from 18 healthy donors were incubated in vitro with different concentrations of NADH to generate dose-response curves. As a control, mitogen-treated cells and unstimulated cells were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PBLs from the 18 healthy donors, NADH significantly stimulated the dose-dependent release of IL-6, ranging from 6.25 to 400 microg/ml, compared to medium-treated cells (p < 0.001). An amount of 1,000 pg/ml IL-6 was induced by NADH concentrations ranging from 3.1 to >25 microg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that NADH possesses cytokine-modulating effects on peripheral blood cells. The biological relevance of these data is discussed in the context of the recent use of NADH for the treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Labor Birkmayer und Medinfo GmbH, Vienna, Austria. k.nadlinger@birkmayer.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nadlinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Birkmayer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gebauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kunze
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009243:NAD / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009243:NAD; D007371:Interferon-gamma