title: Role for mismatch repair proteins Msh2, Mlh1, and Pms2 in immunoglobulin class switching shown by sequence analysis of recombination junctions.
abstract: B cells from mice deficient in mismatch repair (MMR) proteins show decreased ability to undergo class switch recombination in vitro and in vivo. The deficit is not accompanied by any reduction in cell viability or alterations in the cell cycle in B cells cultured in vitro. To assess the role of MMR in switching we examined the nucleotide sequences of Smicro-Sgamma3 recombination junctions in splenic B cells induced in culture to switch to IgG3. The data demonstrate clear differences in the sequences of switch junctions in wild-type B cells in comparison with Msh2-, Mlh1-, and Pms2-deficient B cells. Sequences of switch junctions from Msh2-deficient cells showed decreased lengths of microhomology between Smicro and Sgamma3 relative to junctions from wild-type cells and an increase in insertions, i.e., nucleotides which do not appear to be derived from either the Smicro or Sgamma3 parental sequence. By contrast, 23% of junctions from Mlh1- and Pms2-deficient cells occurred at unusually long stretches of microhomology. The data indicate that MMR proteins are directly involved in class switching and that the role of Msh2 differs from that of Mlh1 and Pms2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Joycelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vardo
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stavnezer
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; C501485:Mlh1 protein, mouse; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D004247:DNA; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C499533:Pms2 protein, mouse; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; C497173:Msh2 protein, mouse; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes