title: Prognostic factors in severe community-acquired pneumonia in patients without co-morbid illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wished to determine the prognostic factors and the impact of initial empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia in patients without underlying co-morbid illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective record review of consecutive patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia who were divided into those with and without underlying co-morbid illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 182 patients including 112 primary (no co-morbid illness) and 70 secondary (underlying co-morbid illness) pneumonias. The overall mortality was 41.8% and there were no differences in APACHE II score or mortality when comparing cases with primary (37.5%) and secondary infections (48.6%). The mortality was significantly higher in patients with negative microbiology. Univariate analysis identified a number of parameters and various antibiotic regimens, which appeared to be associated with a significantly poorer outcome. On multivariate analysis multilobar pulmonary consolidation, need for mechanical ventilation, inotropes and dialysis were documented to be independent predictors of mortality. Only in their absence could different antibiotic regimens be shown to have an apparent impact on outcome and further analysis suggested that the reason for these differences related predominantly to differences in the severity of the infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Markers of disease severity appear to be the most important predictors of outcome in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hillbrow Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa. 014charl@chiron.wits.ac.za
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viljoen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goolam Mahomed
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D015897:Comorbidity; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents