title: Reproducibility and repeatability of transabdominal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of Doppler flow velocity measurements of the uterine arteries in pregnant women between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, Doppler velocimetric indices (maximum peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity ratio, pulsatility index and resistance index) were measured twice by the same trained observer in each uterine artery of 63 women. In 47 of these women, a second trained observer then repeated the measurements. In addition, both observers classified qualitatively the blood flow with regard to the presence or absence of an early diastolic notch. The coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficients, within observer and between observers repeatability coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best parameter in terms of repeatability and reproducibility in both uterine arteries was the resistance index with a low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation coefficient. The other parameters (pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity ratio, peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity) performed poorly with high coefficients of variation on both sides. Agreement between the repeated observations (inter- and intraobserver) with regard to the presence or absence of an early diastolic notch was good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doppler velocimetry of uterine artery blood flow is technically feasible between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation. This study demonstrates that this technique is prone to measurement errors. Quantitatively, the resistance index appears to be the most repeatable and reproducible measurement at this gestational age. Qualitative assessment of the waveform morphology also shows high levels of intra- and interobserver agreement.
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mavrides
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tekay
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thilaganathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D021041:Placental Circulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal