title: Dynamic and steady-state responses of inorganic nitrogen pools and NH(3) exchange in leaves of Lolium perenne and Bromus erectus to changes in root nitrogen supply.
abstract: Short- and long-term responses of inorganic N pools and plant-atmosphere NH(3) exchange to changes in external N supply were investigated in 11-week-old plants of two grass species, Lolium perenne and Bromus erectus, characteristic of N-rich and N-poor grassland ecosystems, respectively. A switch of root N source from NO(-)(3)to NH(4)(+) caused within 3 h a 3- to 6-fold increase in leaf apoplastic NH(4)(+) concentration and a simultaneous decrease in apoplastic pH of about 0.4 pH units in both species. The concentration of total extractable leaf tissue NH(4)(+) also increased two to three times within 3 h after the switch. Removal of exogenous NH(4)(+) caused the apoplastic NH(4)(+) concentration to decline back to the original level within 24 h, whereas the leaf tissue NH(4)(+)concentration decreased more slowly and did not reach the original level in 48 h. After growing for 5 weeks with a steady-state supply of NO(-)(3)or NH(4)(+), L. perenne were in all cases larger, contained more N, and utilized the absorbed N more efficiently for growth than B. erectus, whereas the two species behaved oppositely with respect to tissue concentrations of NO(-)(3), NH(4)(+), and total N. Ammonia compensation points were higher for B. erectus than for L. perenne and were in both species higher for NH(4)(+)- than for NO(-)(3)-grown plants. Steady-state levels of apoplastic NH(4)(+), tissue NH(4)(+), and NH(3) emission were significantly correlated. It is concluded that leaf apoplastic NH(4)(+) is a highly dynamic pool, closely reflecting changes in the external N supply. This rapid response may constitute a signaling system coordinating leaf N metabolism with the actual N uptake by the roots and the external N availability.
authors.affiliation: Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Schjoerring
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen