title: Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotential cells that reside within the bone marrow, can be induced to differentiate into various components of the marrow microenvironment, such as bone, adipose, and stromal tissues. The bone marrow microenvironment is vital to the development, differentiation, and regulation of the lymphohematopoietic system. We hypothesized that the activities of MSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment might also include immunomodulatory effects on lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baboon MSCs were tested in vitro for their ability to elicit a proliferative response from allogeneic lymphocytes, to inhibit an ongoing allogeneic response, and to inhibit a proliferative response to potent T-cell mitogens. In vivo effects were tested by intravenous administration of donor MSCs to MHC-mismatched recipient baboons prior to placement of autologous, donor, and third-party skin grafts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSCs failed to elicit a proliferative response from allogeneic lymphocytes. MSCs added into a mixed lymphocyte reaction, either on day 0 or on day 3, or to mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, led to a greater than 50% reduction in proliferative activity. This effect could be maximized by escalating the dose of MSCs and could be reduced with the addition of exogenous IL-2. In vivo administration of MSCs led to prolonged skin graft survival when compared to control animals: 11.3 +/- 0.3 vs 7 +/- 0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baboon MSCs have been observed to alter lymphocyte reactivity to allogeneic target cells and tissues. These immunoregulatory features may prove useful in future applications of tissue regeneration and stem cell engineering.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Chicago 60607, USA. ambart@uic.edu
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartholomew
authors.forename: Cord
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sturgeon
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siatskas
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ucker
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deans
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moseley
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008648:Mesoderm; D010215:Papio; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous