title: Expression of ICAM-1 in nasal epithelium and levels of soluble ICAM-1 in nasal lavage fluid during human experimental rhinovirus infection.
abstract: Most rhinovirus serotypes use intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as the receptor to enter cells, but ICAM-1 expression has not been detected on normal nasal epithelial cells. During experimental rhinovirus infection, expression of ICAM-1 on nasal epithelial cells was examined with immunohistochemical staining of nasal scrape biopsy specimens, and levels of soluble ICAM-1 in nasal lavage fluid were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Expression of ICAM-1 on nasal epithelial cells increased following inoculation in 20 of 23 infected subjects. The median number of ICAM-1-positive cells per 6.25-mm(2) area of stained biopsy specimen was 0 in control samples (day 20 or 33 after inoculation), and in those without infection, 6 on day 1 (P< or =.05), 14.5 on day 3 (P< or =.01), 1.5 on day 5, and 0 on day 9. In a different group of volunteers, soluble ICAM-1 in nasal lavage fluid was higher on days 1 and 3 compared with preinoculation levels (P< or =.001), but only 11 of 23 infected subjects had a 2-fold or greater increase. Up-regulation of ICAM-1 receptor expression on nasal epithelial cells occurred within 24 hours after inoculation in experimental rhinovirus infections (prior to onset of symptoms) and declined promptly by day 5.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Box 800473, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winther
authors.forename: Eurico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: Theodore J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Witek
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tsianco
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Innes
authors.forename: Frederick G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Hayden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000821:virology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1