title: Effect of the enamel matrix derivative Emdogain on the growth of periodontal pathogens in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Emdogain (EMD), used for periodontal regeneration, on the growth of periodontal pathogens like Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. For comparison, we studied the effect of EMD on several microbes associated with other oral diseases as well as its effect on non-pathogenic oral inhabitants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Freshly prepared EMD or its vehicle propylene glycol alginate (PGA) alone were added to calibrated suspensions of microbes. As a control, imitating the post-surgical subgingival situation after flap closure, a serum/NaCl-solution mixture was used. Aliquots for growth assays were taken at scheduled times for calculation of colony-forming units and cell densities over an observation period of 24 h. Additionally, EMD was spotted onto selected, newly seeded microbes growing on agar plates to see if growth inhibition zones could be produced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed a marked inhibitory effect of EMD on the growth of the gram-negative periodontal pathogens. A. actinomycetemcomitans showed a significant decrease (p=0.012) in viable counts after 24 h when EMD was added at baseline. P. gingivalis and P. intermedia also showed a marked growth reduction in the presence of EMD and in these cultures no viable microbes could be detected anymore after 24 h. In contrast, no significant growth inhibition was observed in gram-positive bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that EMD has a positive effect on the composition of bacterial species in the post-surgical periodontal wound, by selectively restricting growth of periopathogens that could hamper the wound healing and reduce the outcome of regenerative procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany. axel.spahr@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spahr
authors.forename: Staale Petter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyngstadaas
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boeckh
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podbielski
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003470:Culture Media; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; C109069:enamel matrix proteins