title: Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Trial comparing combined warfarin and aspirin with aspirin alone in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: primary results of the CHAMP study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both aspirin and warfarin when used alone are effective in the secondary prevention of vascular events and death after acute myocardial infarction. We tested the hypothesis that aspirin and warfarin therapy, when combined, would be more effective than aspirin monotherapy. Methods and Results- We conducted a randomized open-label study to compare the efficacy of warfarin (target international normalized ratio 1.5 to 2.5 IU) plus aspirin (81 mg daily) with the efficacy of aspirin monotherapy (162 mg daily) in reducing the total mortality in 5059 patients enrolled within 14 days of infarction and followed for a median of 2.7 years. Secondary end points included recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, and major hemorrhage. Four hundred thirty-eight (17.3%) of 2537 patients assigned to the aspirin group and 444 (17.6%) of 2522 patients assigned to the combination group died (log-rank P=0.76). Recurrent myocardial infarction occurred in 333 patients (13.1%) taking aspirin and in 336 patients (13.3%) taking combination therapy (log-rank P=0.78). Stroke occurred in 89 patients (3.5%) taking aspirin and in 79 patients (3.1%) taking combination therapy (log-rank P=0.52). Major bleeding occurred more frequently in the combination therapy group than in the aspirin group (1.28 versus 0.72 events per 100 person years of follow-up, respectively; P<0.001). There were 14 individuals with intracranial bleeds in both the aspirin and combination therapy groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In post-myocardial infarction patients, warfarin therapy (at a mean international normalized ratio of 1.8) combined with low-dose aspirin did not provide a clinical benefit beyond that achievable with aspirin monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA. louis.fiore@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Louis D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ezekowitz
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peduzzi
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin