title: Cancer nursing practice development: understanding breathlessness.
abstract: This paper considers methodological and philosophical issues that arose during a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial of a new nursing intervention to manage breathlessness with patients with primary lung cancer. Despite including a diverse range of instruments to measure the effects of the intervention, the uniqueness of individuals' experiences of breathlessness were often hidden by a requirement to frame the study within a reductionist research approach. Evidence from the study suggests that breathlessness is only partly defined when understood and explored within a bio-medical framework, and that effective therapy can only be achieved once the nature and impact of breathlessness have been understood from the perspective of the individual experiencing it. We conclude that to work therapeutically we need to know how patients interpret their illness and its resultant problems and that this demands methodological creativity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer and Palliative Care Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK. meinir@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krishnasamy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bredin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001293:Attitude to Death; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012944:Social Support; D016896:Treatment Outcome