title: Apoptosis coincident with the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is delayed by caspase 3 inhibition and abrogated by MEK-independent constitutive Ras signaling.
abstract: We demonstrate that during 23A2 skeletal myoblast differentiation, between 30-35% of the population apoptose. Both differentiation and apoptosis are controlled by the variables of cell density and time and these variables are inversely related. In response to conditions that permit both differentiation and apoptosis of parental 23A2 myoblasts, myoblasts rendered differentiation-defective by constitutive Ras signaling (A2:H-Ras myoblasts) do not apoptose. This is not merely a consequence of their differentiation-defective phenotype since myoblasts rendered differentiation-defective by expression of E1A (A2:E1A myoblasts) still apoptose. Although signaling through MEK is important to the survival of proliferating parental 23A2 myoblasts, constitutive signaling through MEK is not responsible for the survival of A2:H-Ras myoblasts. Finally, we demonstrate that caspase 3 is activated and that pharmacological inhibition of caspase 3 activity delays apoptosis without affecting differentiation. Abrogating apoptosis without affecting differentiation could be a useful approach to improve the efficacy of myoblast transfer in the treatment of muscular dystrophies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weyman
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3; D018631:ras Proteins; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one