title: Rhinolithiasis: a forgotten entity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the clinical presentation of patients with rhinoliths, which are calcareous concretions with an unclear pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using retrospective chart review we analyzed clinical, radiological, and demographic data as well as our diagnostic work-up and management of 8 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients presented with nonspecific nasal complaints; most commonly, purulent rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. The rhinolith was discovered incidentally in some patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhinoliths are rare and can have various clinical presentations. The treatment of choice is surgical removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of such a forgotten entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut, New York, NY 10022-6297, USA.
authors.forename: Usamah
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.forename: Soha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghossaini
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaytoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D002137:Calculi / Q000737:chemistry; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D009302:Nasopharyngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed