title: In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of covalently coupled quaternary ammonium silane coatings on silicone rubber.
abstract: Biomaterial-centered infection is a dreaded complication associated with the use of biomedical implants. In this paper, the antimicrobial activity of silicone rubber with a covalently coupled 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride (QAS) coating was studied in vitro and in vivo. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600, Staphylococcus epidermidis HBH, 102, and Gram-negative Esherichia coli O2K2 and Pseudomonas aeruginos AK1 were seeded on silicone rubber with and without QAS-coating, in the absence or presence of adsorbed human plasma proteins. The viability of the adherent bacteria was determined using a live/dead fluorescent stain and a confocal laser scanning microscope. The coating reduced the viability of adherent staphylococci from 90% to 0%), and of Gram-negative bacteria from 90% to 25% while the presencc of adsorbed plasma proteins had little influence. The biomaterials were also subcutaneously implanted in rats for 3 or 7 days, while pre- or postoperatively seeded with S. aureus ATCC 12600. Preoperative seeding resulted in infection of 7 out of 8 silicone rubber implants against 1 out of 8 QAS-coated silicone rubber implants. Postoperative seeding resulted in similar infection incidences on both implant types, but the numbers of adhering bacteria were 70% lower on QAS-coated silicone rubber. In conclusion, QAS-coated silicone rubber shows antimicrobial properties against adhering bacteria, both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gottenbos
authors.forename: Henny C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van der Mei
authors.forename: Flip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klatter
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuis
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busscher
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012821:Silanes; D012826:Silicone Elastomers