title: Retinal photoreceptors of Syrian hamsters undergo oxidative stress during streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to verify whether retinal photoreceptors, like other tissues, are subject to oxidative stress during diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxidative stress was monitored by the oxidation of preloaded dehydrorhodamine 123 into fluorescent rhodamine 123, during a period of intense illumination of isolated rod retinal receptor cells. These were obtained from 22 Syrian hamsters injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight., intraperitoneal route) 90 days before the study began. Eleven hamsters were treated daily with melatonin (0.4 mg/kg body wt., per os), an antioxidant synthesized within photoreceptors. Isolated photoreceptors were bathed on the stage of a Leitz Orthoplan microscope, where the fluorescent lamp also served as the light stimulus (485 nm). Fluorescence irradiance was measured by photometry and stored in a personal computer for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The light-induced oxidant production greatly decreased and was also delayed in the streptozotocin-injected hamsters compared with the control hamsters matched for age. Similar effects were obtained in control photoreceptors after 40 min incubation with 2-2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, a potent lipoperoxidation inducer. The effect of melatonin was to partially restore the light-induced fluorescence response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The depression of the light-induced oxidative response in diabetic photoreceptors could be ascribed to a hyperglycaemia-induced background of oxidative stress whereby the light-oxidizable substrate is actually lowered. Melatonin induces a larger fluorescence response during illumination, probably as a consequence of its antioxidant effect during diabetes, which would provide more oxidizable lipids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy. antcln@dfb.unipi.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colantuoni
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Longoni
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Marchiafava
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006224:Cricetinae; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008647:Mesocricetus; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016877:Oxidants; D014280:Triglycerides; C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane); D002784:Cholesterol; D008550:Melatonin