title: The reliability and validity of pain interference measures in persons with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reliability and validity of 2 measures of pain interference in persons with cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized interviews to assess pain and impact of pain on activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty adults with CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients asked to rate pain's intensity, interference with general activities, and depression levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain interference scales: Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); rating of disability: Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART); rating of depression: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean interference of pain on 3 CPG items (pain interference with daily activities, social activities, work) were 1.74 +/- 2.45, 1.06 +/- 2.05, and.89 +/- 1.84 (out of 10), respectively. Mean interference on 10 modified BPI interference items ranged from 2.28 +/- 3.01 to 3.67 +/- 3.15 (out of 10). The composite CPG interference score did not correlate significantly with pain intensity. However, the composite BPI interference score did correlate significantly with pain intensity (r = .66, P < .01). There was no significant association shown between average pain and the CHART score (r = -.21, NS). Pain showed a significant association with CES-D score (r = .45, P < .05). Internal consistency of the 3 CPG items was inadequately low (Cronbach alpha = .59), whereas that of the 10 BPI items was excellent (.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pain interference items of the BPI serve as a reliable and valid measure of pain's impact on persons with CP-related pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-6490, USA.
authors.forename: Erica J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results