title: Daytime sleepiness is associated with 3-year incident dementia and cognitive decline in older Japanese-American men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the longitudinal association between sleep disturbances (insomnia and daytime sleepiness) and incidence of dementia and cognitive decline in older men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based longitudinal cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study of dementia that is linked to the Honolulu Heart Program's fourth examination, conducted 1991-1993, and the 3-year follow-up fifth examination, conducted 1994-1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand three hundred forty-six Japanese-American men age 71 to 93 years who screened negative for prevalent dementia at baseline and were screened again for dementia incidence in a 3-year follow-up examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline self-reports of trouble falling asleep or early morning awakening (insomnia) and being sleepy during the day (daytime sleepiness); Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) scores from baseline and followup; clinical diagnosis of incident dementia; and other baseline measures including age, years of education, body mass index, depressive symptoms, and history of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and use of benzodiazepines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age and other factors, persons reporting excessive daytime sleepiness at baseline (8%) were twice as likely to be diagnosed with incident dementia than were those not reporting daytime sleepiness (odds ratio (OR)=2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.37-3.50) and about 40% more likely to have >or=9 point drop in their CASI score between examinations (OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.01-2.08). In contrast, insomnia was not associated with cognitive decline or incidence of dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daytime sleepiness in older adults may be an early indicator of decline in cognitive functioning and onset of dementia.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monjan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havlik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Launer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001213:Asian; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors