title: Translocation, deletion/amplification, and expression of HMGIC and MDM2 in a carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.
abstract: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CexPA) is a carcinoma developing within a pre-existing benign pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Here we describe the identification and characterization of a series of genetic events leading to translocation, deletion/amplification, and overexpression of the HMGIC and MDM2 genes in a CexPA at an early stage of development. The tumor had a pseudodiploid stemline karyotype with a del(5)(q22-23q32-33) and a t(10;12)(p15;q14-15). In addition, there were several sidelines with double minute chromosomes (dmin) or homogeneously staining regions (hsr). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping revealed that the 12q14-15 breakpoint was located centromeric to HMGIC and that the entire gene was juxtaposed to the der(10) chromosome. Detailed analysis of cells with dmin and hsr revealed that HMGIC and MDM2 were deleted from the der(10) and that the dmin and hsr were strongly positive for both genes. Southern blot analysis confirmed that both HMGIC and MDM2 were amplified and that no gross rearrangements of the genes had occurred. Immunostaining revealed that the HMGIC protein was highly overexpressed particularly in the large polymorphic cells within the carcinomatous part of the tumor. These findings suggest that amplification and overexpression of HMGIC and possibly MDM2 might be important genetic events that may contribute to malignant transformation of benign PA.
authors.affiliation: Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Röijer
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordkvist
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ström
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ryd
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behrendt
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bullerdiek
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stenman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008949:Adenoma, Pleomorphic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2