title: A randomized trial of the efficacy of multidisciplinary care in heart failure outpatients at high risk of hospital readmission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether a multidisciplinary outpatient management program decreases chronic heart failure (CHF) hospital readmissions and mortality over a six-month period.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hospital admission for CHF is an important problem amenable to improved outpatient management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred patients hospitalized with CHF at increased risk of hospital readmission were randomized to a multidisciplinary program or usual care. A study cardiologist and a CHF nurse evaluated each patient and made recommendations to the patient's primary physician before randomization. The intervention team consisted of a cardiologist, a CHF nurse, a telephone nurse coordinator and the patient's primary physician. Contact with the patient was on a prespecified schedule. The CHF nurse followed an algorithm to adjust medications. Patients in the nonintervention group were followed as usual. The primary outcome was the composite of the number of CHF hospital admissions and deaths over six months, compared by using a log transformation t test by intention-to-treat analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the study patients was 63.5 years, and 39.5% were women. There were 43 CHF hospital admissions and 7 deaths in the intervention group, as compared with 59 CHF hospital admissions and 13 deaths in the nonintervention group (p = 0.09). The quality-of-life score, percentage of patients on target vasodilator therapy and percentage of patients compliant with diet recommendations were significantly better in the intervention group. Cost per patient, in 1998 U.S. dollars, was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that a six-month, multidisciplinary approach to CHF management can improve important clinical outcomes at a similar cost in recently hospitalized high-risk patients with CHF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-6568, USA. ekasper@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerstenblith
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hefter
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Anden
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brinker
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thiemann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terrin
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: Sheldon H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome