title: Asymmetries of prefrontal cortex in human episodic memory: effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on learning abstract patterns.
abstract: Functional neuroimaging suggests asymmetries of memory encoding and retrieval in the prefrontal lobes, but different hypotheses have been presented concerning the nature of prefrontal hemispheric specialization. We studied an associative memory task involving pairs of Kanji (Chinese) pictographs and unfamiliar abstract patterns. Subjects were ten Japanese adults fluent in Kanji, so only the abstract patterns represented novel material. During encoding, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A significant (P<0.05) reduction in subsequent recall of new associations was seen only with TMS over the right DLPFC. This result suggests that the right DLPFC contributes to encoding of visual-object associations, and is consistent with a material-specific rather than a process-specific model of mnemonic function in DLPFC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. chipstein@aol.com
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekino
authors.forename: Kikuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Shoogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*