title: Maternal psychological impact of fetal echocardiography.
abstract: The maternal psychological impact of fetal echocardiography may be deleterious in the face of newly diagnosed congenital heart disease. This questionnaire-based study prospectively examined the psychological impact of both normal and abnormal fetal echocardiography. Normal fetal echocardiography decreased maternal anxiety, increased happiness, and increased the closeness women felt toward their unborn children. In contrast, when fetal echocardiography detected congenital heart disease, maternal anxiety typically increased, and mothers commonly felt less happy about being pregnant. However, among women who had recently delivered infants with congenital heart disease, those who had had fetal echocardiography during the pregnancy felt less responsible for their infants' defects and tended to have improved their relationships with the infants' fathers after the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Further study of the psychological and medical impact of fetal echocardiography will be necessary to define and optimize the clinical value of this powerful diagnostic tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California-San Diego, 200 W. Arbor Drive-8445, San Diego, CA 92103-8445, USA. msklansky@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sklansky
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grossfeld
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kashani
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothman
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000523:psychology*