title: Reversal of mivacurium chloride: edrophonium of spontaneous recovery in microscopic laryngeal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A double-blind, randomized study was designed to compare the recovery manner of mivacurium infusion with or without edrophonium reversal in microscopic laryngeal surgery. Neuromuscular blockade was quantified using the train-of-four stimuli to the ulnar nerve and quantification of the ratio of the fourth twitch to the first twitch.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the approval of the Human Studies Committee of the Taipei Veterans General Hospital and patient informed consent, 40 healthy (ASA I or II) patients with age from 24 to 54 years, undergoing microscopic laryngeal surgery were randomly selected for study. Mivacurium chloride 0.2 mg/kg was given intravenously, and then it was given in continuous infusion to maintain muscle relaxation at 90% twitch block during the procedure. At the end of operation, mivacurium infusion was terminated. In a double-blind manner, group I patients (n = 20) received intravenous edrophonium 1 mg/kg and atropine 0.01 mg/kg for reversal when T1 was at 10% recovery whereas patients in Group II (n = 20) received placebo in the same manner. Mean infusion rate, recovery index (RI50, time from T1 25% to T1 50%; RI75, time from T1 25% to T1 75%), extubation time, and discharge time between groups were compared. Nausea, vomiting, and dysrhythmias were also documented until the patient was discharged from hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The demographic data between two groups were similar. The recovery index (RI75) for group I was shorter than that of placebo group (5.3 +/- 2.19 min vs. 7.3 +/- 0.9 min) and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.017). There were no statistically significant differences in mean infusion rate, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and discharge time from the POR. The incidence of tachycardia or arrhythmia in group I was significantly greater than that in group placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mivacurium, a short-acting nondepolarizing agent, is a suitable muscle relaxant for patients receiving microscopic laryngeal surgery. Recovery time with the use of edrophonium as reversal agent was shorter than with placebo, but extubation and discharge time did not differ in two groups. The time which could be saved by the use of edrophonium for reversal of mivacurium to hasten the maximal recovery appears to be less than a few minutes. Therefore, clinically, the value of routine use of edrophonium to obtain a faster recovery does not outweigh its demerits of cost and risk and is not worthy of recommendation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Rd, Pei-Tou 112, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004491:Edrophonium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007830:Larynx / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077590:Mivacurium; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D004491:Edrophonium; D000077590:Mivacurium