How Drosophila combats microbial infection: a model to study innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions.
During the past year, dramatic progress has been achieved in our understanding of Drosophila immune reactions. The completion of the Drosophila genome sequencing project, microarray analysis and the use of genetic screens have led to the identification of several new genes required to combat microbial infection, filling in some important gaps in the understanding of innate immunity. At the same time, this insect was used as a model for the study of host-pathogen interactions. The recent major advances on the mechanisms by which this insect defends itself against intrusion of pathogens are discussed in this review.
Tzou
Phoebe
P
Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
De Gregorio
Ennio
E
Lemaitre
Bruno
B
D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000235:genetics; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000276:immunology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005216:Fat Body / Q000276:immunology*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000235:genetics*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008543:Melanins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; C105675:Stat92E protein, Drosophila; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators; C439909:imd protein, Drosophila; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D053613:Janus Kinase 1