title: Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes of patients with iron deficiency anemia: effects of different treatment modalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) can be affected by oral iron (OI) treatment, parenteral iron (PI) treatment, and parenteral iron treatment with vitamin E supplementation (PIE) in iron deficiency anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with iron deficiency anemia and 18 healthy controls were included in the study. Anemic patients were systematically allocated into 3 treatment groups. The first group (n=8) received OI, the second group (n=10) PI, and the third group (n=10) PIE. SOD and GSH-Px activities were determined using commercial kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the treatment, SOD activity was significantly lower in anemic patients than in the control group (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). After the treatment, SOD activity significantly increased in all three patient groups and reached the values found in the control group (Wicoxon signed-rank test, p=0.017 for OI, p=0.047 for PI, and p=0.037 for PIE group). Before the treatment, GSH-Px activities in anemic patients were similar to that of control group (Kruskal-Wallis test, p>0.05). Although there was no significant decrease in GSH-Px activity after OI treatment, both PI and PIE treatments significantly decreased GSH-Px activity (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, p=0.007 for PI and p=0.005 for PIE). PIE was more effective than PI treatment in maintaining GSH-PX activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral iron treatment improved the iron deficiency anemia and recovered antioxidant defense system by increasing SOD activity and maintaining GSH-Px activity at normal level. When parenteral iron treatment is inevitable, vitamin E supplementation together with PI treatment may be effective in partially restoring the antioxidant status in this type of anemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey. dr_isler@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isler
authors.forename: Namik
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delibas
authors.forename: Muhittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guclu
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gultekin
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutcu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahceci
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D007501:Iron; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase