title: Prediction models in the design of neural network based ECG classifiers: a neural network and genetic programming approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Classification of the electrocardiogram using Neural Networks has become a widely used method in recent years. The efficiency of these classifiers depends upon a number of factors including network training. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of evidence available to enable specific design choices to be made and as a consequence, many designs are made on the basis of trial and error. In this study we develop prediction models to indicate the point at which training should stop for Neural Network based Electrocardiogram classifiers in order to ensure maximum generalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two prediction models have been presented; one based on Neural Networks and the other on Genetic Programming. The inputs to the models were 5 variable training parameters and the output indicated the point at which training should stop. Training and testing of the models was based on the results from 44 previously developed bi-group Neural Network classifiers, discriminating between Anterior Myocardial Infarction and normal patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that both approaches provide close fits to the training data; p = 0.627 and p = 0.304 for the Neural Network and Genetic Programming methods respectively. For unseen data, the Neural Network exhibited no significant differences between actual and predicted outputs (p = 0.306) while the Genetic Programming method showed a marginally significant difference (p = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The approaches provide reverse engineering solutions to the development of Neural Network based Electrocardiogram classifiers. That is given the network design and architecture, an indication can be given as to when training should stop to obtain maximum network generalisation.
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics Research Group, Faculty of Informatics, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland. cd.nugent@ulst.ac.uk
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: Jesus A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Norman D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012985:Software Design