title: A comparison of microtensile bond strengths of several dentin bonding systems to primary and permanent dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited information exists with regard to the adhesive ability of glass ionomer cements (GIC) and recently developed resin-based dentin bond systems to primary dentin. The aim of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength of a conventional GIC (Fuji IX), a resin-modified GIC (Fuji II LC), and two resin-based dentin adhesives (Prime and Bond NT with NRC and Single Bond). The bonded interfaces were also observed using field emission electron microscopy(FE-SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Microtensile bond test specimens were prepared on superficial dentin of primary and permanent molars. The specimens were bonded according to each manufacturer's instructions except for Prime and Bond NT/NRC which used Silux Plus resin composite instead of Dyract. Hour-glass shaped specimens were created (diameter of 1.2+/-0.02 mm) and stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and LSD test, fracture modes were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskall-Wallis test. Twelve specimens were prepared for each material on primary and permanent dentin. Samples were prepared in the same manner, then critical point dried, fractured and sputter-coated for the FE-SEM observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-way ANOVA showed the overall bond strengths were greater for the permanent dentin compared with primary dentin. However, for individual material comparisons no differences among the bond strengths to primary and permanent dentin for Fuji IX (9.7, 12.2 MPa), Fuji II LC (16, 20.1 MPa), Prime & Bond NT/NRC (18.1, 21.6 MPa) and Single Bond (18.2, 21.6 MPa), were detected. However, Fuji IX bond strengths were significantly lower than the other systems tested when bonded to either primary or permanent dentin (p<0.05). Failure mode showed cohesive failure of GIC and mostly adhesive failure for the resin-based adhesives. The FE-SEM observations showed hybrid-like layer formation for the GIC materials and hybrid layer formation for the resin-based adhesives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The materials tested would be suitable for bonding to either primary or permanent dentin, but the resin-modified GIC or resin-based systems are likely to provide a stronger bond than the conventional GIC, Fuji IX.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. m.burrow@dent.unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Burrow
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nopnakeepong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phrukkanon
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C088486:Dyract; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008298:Maleates; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D017640:Silicates; C110713:fuji IX; C444699:non-rinse conditioner; C115612:single bond; C074741:Silux Plus; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate