title: Fetal magnetoencephalography: a non-invasive method for the assessment of fetal neuronal maturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the maturation of auditory evoked cortical responses in the human fetus using fetal magnetoencephalography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series over a three-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antenatal clinics, university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Singleton pregnancies at 29-40 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a 31-channel-SQUID-biomagnetometer in a magnetically-shielded room to perform fetal magnetoencephalography. To record auditory evoked fields from the fetal brain we applied 500 monotonal bursts generated by a computerised sound generator directly to the maternal abdominal wall near the fetal head. The continuously recorded data sets were analysed stepwise using a specially developed heart artefact rejection software, Fourier filtering, principle component analysis and half split analysis of the averaged data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 36 of 64 examinations we detected signals of auditory evoked fields comparable to the P2m component in adults. The earliest recording succeeded in the 29th gestational week. The latencies of the auditory evoked responses declined during the third trimester from 300 ms to nearly 150 ms at term. The maturation of different components of the auditory evoked field could be demonstrated from the 31st gestational week onwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maturation of a fetal auditory cortical function using fetal magnetoencephalography could be assessed directly for the first time. We believe that this method will add information to current indirect methods of assessing the normal maturation of the human fetal brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schleussner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kausch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kähler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haueisen
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seewald
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies