title: Corneal endothelial degeneration in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration that exhibits a variety of neurologic manifestations. However, only a few reports have studied disturbances outside the central nervous system. We described 2 unrelated patients with DRPLA accompanied by corneal endothelial degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 52-year-old man presented with cerebellar ataxia and dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cerebellar atrophy. Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy was diagnosed because of the detection of expansion of CAG repeats at the DRPLA locus. On admission, his visual acuity was severely impaired. Specular microscopy showed decreased endothelial cell density (500 cells/mm(2)) compared with that of healthy subjects. The second patient was a 69-year-old man with cerebellar ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cerebellar and brainstem atrophy. The diagnosis of DRPLA was based on expanded CAG repeats of the DRPLA gene. Specular microscopy showed significant decrease of endothelial cell density (1506 cells/mm(2)). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed DRPLA gene expression in corneal endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutant DRPLA protein may be directly associated with corneal endothelial degeneration. Corneal endothelial cell loss is an important sign of DRPLA, and the corneas of patients with DRPLA should be examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. di49@med.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Junnich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000209:etiology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020191:Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C095278:atrophin-1