title: Testing the efficacy of 2 prototype brush heads for a powered toothbrush: refining the model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 2 prototype powered toothbrush (PTB) heads (A, B) to a marketed head (Sensiflex 2000) for plaque removing efficacy on the Philips/Jordan HX2550 PTB.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-week, 3-group, single-blind trial recruited 78 volunteers (18-25). Plaque indices (PIs) were recorded at screening and 14 days later at baseline. Subjects were stratified (gender and PI) and then asked to abstain from oral hygiene measures for 48 h. A supervised episode of brushing with the allocated PTB head followed. Subjects then used the PTBs at home for the next 12 days before being asked to abstain from all oral hygiene measures for another 48 h prior to a second supervised brushing episode. Plaque was scored using a new modification of the Quigley & Hein Index (PI) at full mouth (FM), interproximal (IP) and smooth surfaces (SS). PIs were recorded before and after the supervised brushing episodes to enable the means of the within subject differences (pre- to post-brushing) to be compared between groups (ANOVA/t-tests).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in PI between groups at baseline or prior to the supervised brushings (p>0.05). Highly significant, mean reductions in PIs (approximately 1/2 of one PI unit) were observed for design B compared with the Sensiflex 2000 at FM and IP sites (p<0.0001) for both supervised brushing episodes. A significant reduction in PI at SS was seen only after the first brushing episode (p=0.0004). For design A, PI reductions were consistently greater than those for the Sensiflex 2000 but differences were only significant at the p<0.05 level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that this model of clinical trial has sufficient power to demonstrate clinical superiority with respect to plaque removal for PTBs and can be used for testing one or more prototype designs of brush heads.
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heasman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jager
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Heasman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000628:therapy*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004560:Electricity; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*