title: Construct analysis of four modes of being present.
abstract: The purpose of this construct analysis is to delineate the manner or modes of presence as used by nurses with their patients. The scope of the term presence encompasses four separate, distinct modes of presence. The term concept does not encompass the scope of the term. Therefore, the term construct is applied to demonstrate the differences in the four modes of being present. Model cases were extrapolated from personal experiences. Methods used in the construct development and construction include components of the Wilsonian method, an evolutionary view, and the hybrid model. Due to the breath and complexity of the interrelatedness of the four modes of being present, the author presents only a model case. To illustrate the attributes and consequences for the patient and the nurse in the interpersonal relationship for each of the four modes of being present, the author created models.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Easter
mesh_terms: D004645:Empathy; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D006379:Helping Behavior; D018939:Holistic Nursing; D006808:Humanism; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations