title: Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis: immunomodulatory therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our analysis of the efficacy of immunomodulatory therapy on the course of 19 patients with multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis evaluated on the Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Service of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary from 1978 to 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients were treated with systemic immunomodulatory therapy; 4 patients (who refused therapy) were treated with systemic steroids. All patients were analyzed for control of inflammation, visual acuity outcome, and tolerance of immunomodulatory therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control of inflammation and visual acuity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients with bilateral MCP with a mean follow-up of 72.7 months were studied. Fifteen were treated with immunomodulatory agents, whereas 4 patients received only systemic steroids; these 4 developed serious systemic steroid-related complications, and 12 others had cataract and/or glaucoma related to chronic topical, regional, or systemic steroid use before immunomodulatory therapy. Two patients who refused immunomodulatory therapy lost considerable vision in three of their four eyes. Of the 15 patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs, 7 patients lost considerable vision in one eye on steroid therapy but maintained good vision in the other eye once immunomodulatory therapy was instituted. No patient lost vision in any eye once he or she was treated with immunomodulatory treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunomodulatory therapy controls inflammation and preserves vision in patients with multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Shawkat Shafik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekong
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltatzis
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015864:Panuveitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001379:Azathioprine; D008727:Methotrexate