title: Randomised controlled trial of the effect of coloured overlays on the rate of reading of people with specific learning difficulties.
abstract: A randomised controlled trial has demonstrated that, for selected children with reading difficulties, individually prescribed coloured filters reduce symptoms of asthenopia. In the present study, we investigate the effect of individually prescribed coloured overlays on the rate of reading. Subjects were 33 children and adults who: had consulted a specific learning difficulties clinic; had received treatment to normalise any conventional optometric and orthoptic anomalies; and subsequently reported symptomatic relief from coloured filters. These subjects carried out the Wilkins Rate of Reading Test (which assesses visual rather than linguistic factors) under two conditions: with their chosen coloured overlay and with a control filter. Steps were taken to ensure that a strong placebo effect was associated with the control overlay and, when asked which they preferred, subjects were not significantly more likely to prefer their coloured overlay than the control filter (p=0.11). Nonetheless, the rate of reading was significantly faster with the coloured overlay than with the control (p=0.0019). Further analyses support the conclusion that individually prescribed coloured filters can improve reading performance for reasons that cannot be solely attributed to conventional optometric factors or to placebo effects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optometry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouldoukian
authors.forename: Arnold J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Bruce J W
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009907:Optometry; D011932:Reading; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012682:Sensory Aids