title: The antidepressant and antiinflammatory effects of rolipram in the central nervous system.
abstract: Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases (PDE) IV, especially of the subtype PDE IVB. These phosphodiesterases are responsible for hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP, particularly in nerve and immune cells. Consequences of rolipram-induced elevation of intracellular cAMP are increased synthesis and release of norepinephrine, which enhance central noradrenergic transmission, and suppress expression of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators of inflammation. In humans and animals rolipram produces thereby a variety of biological effects. These effects include attenuation of endogenous depression and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), both effects are of potential clinical relevance. There are some discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo effects of rolipram, as well as between results obtained in animal models and clinical studies. The clinical use of rolipram is limited because of its behavioral and other side effects. Newly developed selective PDE IV inhibitors with presumably higher potency and lower toxicity are currently under investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. Jie.Zhu@neurotec.ki.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mix
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020889:Rolipram / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D020889:Rolipram; D009638:Norepinephrine