title: [Drug-induced akathisia].
abstract: Akathisia (restlessness and characteristic movements of the legs) is one of the most disagreeable extrapyramidal side effects and often causes non-compliance. Dopamine blocking agents such as antipsychotics and antiemetics, may induce akathisia. Particular care must be taken to distinguish akathisia from psychotic agitation and restless legs. The prevalence of akathisia in patients using classical antipsychotics is 20-30% and for users of clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine (atypical antipsychotics) it is lower. Risk factors are a high dosage of antipsychotics, akathisia in a previous treatment, and diabetes mellitus. The treatment of akathisia starts, if possible, with the antipsychotic being withdrawn or the dose administered being lowered. Another treatment possibility is switching to clozapine, olanzapine or quetiapine, or adding a beta-blocking agent, an anticholinergic or mianserin.
authors.affiliation: hartenp@knmg.nl
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: van Harten
mesh_terms: D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015995:Prevalence; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D012008:Recurrence; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D010890:Pirenzepine; D003024:Clozapine; D000077152:Olanzapine