title: Use of anti-infective agents during lactation: Part 2--Aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and metronidazole.
abstract: Because many antibiotics are excreted into breast milk, it can be difficult for a practitioner to choose an antibiotic for a lactating patient that will have minimal risks to her nursing infant. This article is the second of a three-part series discussing the use of anti-infective agents during lactation. The authors review general information regarding use and common side effects for several classes of antibiotics. They also summarize information, including documented milk concentrations, milk-to-plasma ratios, and other pharmacokinetic properties, in a table that can help practitioners choose antibiotics that may be considered safe to use in the lactating mother.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuchta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mactal-Haaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents