title: Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: evaluation of clinical characteristics and response to immunosuppressive treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case records were reviewed for 194 patients with SLE who were admitted to Aoyama Hospital of Tokyo Women's Medical University between 1992 and 1999. There were 12 patients with PH [8 SLE and 4 SLE + systemic sclerosis (SSc) overlap syndrome]. These patients were compared with 59 age and sex matched patients with SLE for clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. The efficacy of treatments for PH was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our cohort of 194 patients with SLE, 6.2% had PH. The plasma thrombin-antithrombin III complex and plasma D-dimer levels were significantly higher in patients with PH compared with those without PH. Eight patients with PH (4 SLE and 4 SLE + SSc) were treated with corticosteroids (CS) +/- cyclophosphamide (CYC). Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was improved in 7 of 8 patients. In 6 of 7 responders to the therapy, the treatment was started as soon as they were diagnosed with PH. PH relapsed in 2 patients treated with oral CS +/- CS pulse therapy, but their RVSP was decreased again by immunosuppressive treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CS +/- CYC was effective for PH associated with SLE. Immunosuppressive treatment should be performed during the early stage of PH to improve prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan. e-tanaka@tkg.att.ne.jp
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harigai
authors.forename: Michi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamatani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D000990:Antithrombin III