title: Antibody-induced lysis of isolated rat epididymal adipocytes and complement activation in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify human monoclonal antibodies selectively binding to human adipocytes and to evaluate their ability to induce lysis of isolated rat adipocytes in vitro and to reduce rat complement levels in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using phage display technology, human monoclonal antibodies binding to human adipocyte plasma membranes were identified. Three antibodies (Fat 13, Fat 37, and Fat 41) were selected based on their additional cross-reaction with rat adipocytes and reformatted as a rat chimeric IgG2bs. The ability of these antibodies, both singly and in combination, to induce lysis of rat epididymal adipocytes in vitro and the reduction of serum complement levels in vivo in the rat was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All antibodies caused similar time- and dose-dependent lysis of isolated rat adipocytes. Calculated mean EC(50) values (maximum percentage of lysis in parentheses) were 0.680 microg/mL (63.2%), 0.546 microg/mL (72.4%), and 0.391 microg/mL (73.7%) for Fat 13, Fat 37, and Fat 41, respectively. Combinations were no more effective than individual antibodies in inducing lysis. Anti-adipocyte antibodies (both singly and in combination) were also similarly effective in vivo. In rats, doses of monoclonal antibody up to 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal generally caused almost complete depletion of serum complement up to 24 hours after dosing recovering to baseline values by day 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual and combinations of monoclonal anti-adipocyte antibodies produced a complement-dependent and concentration-dependent activity to lyse adipocytes in vitro and in vivo as measured by a dramatic depletion in serum complement.
authors.affiliation: Knoll Ltd, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Tracey J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bryan M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: Tristan J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D003167:Complement Activation; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004822:Epididymis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D003165:Complement System Proteins