title: A retrospective analysis of costs and patterns of treatment for external genital warts in The Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  External genital warts (EGWs) are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, but little is known about the treatment patterns or resources used in the management of this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this retrospective analysis is to examine the patterns of treatment, resource utilization, and costs for EGWs in 3 dermatology clinics in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 530 completed episodes of care for EGWs were analyzed to identify patterns of treatment and resources used. Costs of care were calculated based on 4 cost components for each visit: labor costs, material costs, indirect costs, and extra costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across the 3 sites, men required an average of 5.78 clinic visits to achieve a completed episode of care; women required an average of 6.52 visits. The distribution of visits is highly skewed, however, with a median of 4.56 visits for men and 5.55 for women. More than 80% of patients were initially treated with monotherapy. Podophyllin and cryotherapy were the principal choices for initial therapy. The mean cost, in euros, of completing an episode of care was 221.34 euro for men and 292.29 euro for women. The cost per completed or successful episode of care was 395.92 euro for men and 485.05 euro for women. The distribution of costs was also skewed, with a relatively small group of patients accounting for a considerable proportion of overall costs. Although only 31.4% of male patients recorded > or = 6 visits for a completed episode of care, this group accounted for 57.3% of the total costs of treatment for male patients. Among female patients, 43.4% had > or = 6 visits, which accounted for 73.9% of the total costs of care for female patients. Costs also varied markedly by therapy sequence chosen. Patients who remained on their initial monotherapy or combination therapy had the lowest costs; the extent to which patients switched therapies substantially affected overall costs. For those patients initially treated with podophyllin, the mean total costs of treatment, taking into account the proportion who required a change in therapy, were 204.84 euro for men and 386.38 euro for women. For those initially treated with cryotherapy, the mean cost of treatment was 193.60 euro for men and 169.23 euro for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current treatment options for EGWs do not appear to minimize resource utilization or help achieve complete episodes of care at the lowest possile cost.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: van der Meijden
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Notowicz
authors.forename: Frits B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Blog
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Langley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome