title: Quality of life in the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators trial: impact of therapy and influence of adverse symptoms and defibrillator shocks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) use reduces mortality in patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias compared with antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) use. However, the relative impact of these therapies on self-perceived quality of life (QoL) is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three self-administered instruments were used to measure generic and disease-specific QoL in Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators trial participants. Generalized linear models were used to assess the relationships between self-perceived QoL and treatment (AAD versus ICD) and adverse symptoms and ICD shocks. To minimize the impact of missing data, only patients surviving 1 year were included in the primary analyses. Baseline characteristics among QoL participants (n=905) and nonparticipants (n=111) were similar, but participants who survived 1 year (n=800) were healthier at baseline than nonsurvivors (n=105). Of the 800 patients in the primary analysis, characteristics of those randomized to AAD (n=384) versus ICD (n=416) were similar. Overall, ICD and AAD use were associated with similar alterations in QoL. The development of sporadic shocks and adverse symptoms were each associated with reduced physical functioning and mental well-being and increased concerns among ICD recipients, whereas development of adverse symptoms was associated with reduced physical functioning and increased concerns among AAD recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICD and AAD therapy are associated with similar alterations in self-perceived QoL over 1-year follow-up. Adverse symptoms were associated with reduced self-perceived QoL in both groups, and sporadic shocks were associated with reduced QoL in ICD recipients.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Group, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md, USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schron
authors.forename: Derek V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Exner
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Louise S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kutalek
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Rosemary S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bubien
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D003710:Demography; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents