title: Long-term results of endoscopic Histoacryl injection sclerotherapy for gastric variceal bleeding: a 10-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) were evaluated as the initial treatment for bleeding gastric varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients with bleeding gastric varices underwent endoscopic injections of Histoacryl for hemostasis over a 10-year period. Histoacryl was injected intravariceally. Among these 52 patients, 32 had active bleeding and 20 had recent bleeding. Most of the varices were large (F2 or F3, 48 cases). After Histoacryl injection, the patients were followed endoscopically with retreatment administered as necessary. The patients were followed for a mean 28.1 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of initial hemostasis (no bleeding occurred for 48 hours after sclerotherapy) was 96.2%. Cumulative nonbleeding rates were 64.7%, 52.7%, and 48.2% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. When rebleeding occurred, 80.0% was within 1 year after initial injection. Recurrent bleeding was easily stopped with the reinjection of Histoacryl in most patients. The treatment failure-related mortality rate was 4.0% (2 of 52). The cumulative survival rates were 66.9%, 60.4%, and 55.5% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The mortality depended on either malignancy or liver function (Child-Pugh classification).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Histoacryl injection sclerotherapy is highly effective for the treatment of bleeding gastric varices, with rare complications occurring both acutely and long-term. Therefore, Histoacryl injection sclerotherapy is considered to be the first choice of treatment for bleeding gastric varices, but the rate of recurrent bleeding is so high that further methods or devices still need to be developed in order to prevent gastric variceal rebleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akahoshi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: Rinshyun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimabukuro
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: Morimasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomikawa
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: Kouzou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004659:Enbucrilate