title: Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain.
abstract: We present a technique for automatically assigning a neuroanatomical label to each voxel in an MRI volume based on probabilistic information automatically estimated from a manually labeled training set. In contrast to existing segmentation procedures that only label a small number of tissue classes, the current method assigns one of 37 labels to each voxel, including left and right caudate, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, lateral ventricles, hippocampus, and amygdala. The classification technique employs a registration procedure that is robust to anatomical variability, including the ventricular enlargement typically associated with neurological diseases and aging. The technique is shown to be comparable in accuracy to manual labeling, and of sufficient sensitivity to robustly detect changes in the volume of noncortical structures that presage the onset of probable Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Rm. 2328, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Salat
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Busa
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieterich
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haselgrove
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Kouwe
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Killiany
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Shuna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klaveness
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montillo
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results