Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: its mode of spreading and therapeutic modalities.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is a primary adenocarcinoma of the liver, arising from the intrahepatic bile ducts. The prognosis is generally poor because locoregional extension is usually advanced at the time of diagnosis. Even after a resection, the outcome for patients with advanced IHCC is extremely poor, and the presence of lymph node metastasis has been reported in most previous studies to be the worst prognostic factor after a resection. There are no clear guidelines on lymph node dissection with IHCC. In this article, we review the mode of invasion and the therapeutic modalities: hepatic resection, lymph node dissection, liver transplantation, radiation, and chemotherapy for IHCC.
Shirabe
Ken
K
Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Shimada
Mitsuo
M
Harimoto
Norifumi
N
Sugimachi
Keishi
K
Yamashita
Yo-ichi
Y
Tsujita
Eiji
E
Aishima
Shin-ichi
S
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis