title: Non-invasive method for quantitative evaluation of exogenous compound deposition on skin.
abstract: Topical application of active compounds on skin is common to both pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Quantification of the concentration of a compound deposited on the skin is important in determining the optimum formulation to deliver the pharmaceutical or cosmetic benefit. The most commonly used techniques to date are either invasive or not easily reproducible. In this study, we have developed a noninvasive alternative to these techniques based on spectrofluorimetry. A mathematical model based on diffusion approximation theory is utilized to correct fluorescence measurements for the attenuation caused by endogenous skin chromophore absorption. The limitation is that the compound of interest has to be either fluorescent itself or fluorescently labeled. We used the method to detect topically applied salicylic acid. Based on the mathematical model a calibration curve was constructed that is independent of endogenous chromophore concentration. We utilized the method to localize salicylic acid in epidermis and to follow its dynamics over a period of 3 d.
authors.affiliation: Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products Worldwide, Skillman, New Jersey, USA. gstamat@cpcus.jnj.com
authors.forename: Georgios N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Stamatas
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Nikiforos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kollias
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D020156:Salicylic Acid