Acute ethanol increases angiogenic growth factor gene expression in rat skeletal muscle.
Moderate ethanol consumption demonstrates a protective effect against cardiovascular disease and improves insulin sensitivity, possibly through angiogenesis. We investigated whether 1) ethanol would increase skeletal muscle growth factor gene expression and 2) the effects of ethanol on skeletal muscle growth factor gene expression were independent of exercise-induced growth factor gene expression. Female Wistar rats were used. Four groups (saline + rest; saline + exercise; 17 mmol/kg ethanol + rest; and 17 mmol/kg ethanol + exercise) were used to measure the growth factor response to acute exercise and ethanol administration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), Flt-1, and Flk-1 mRNA were analyzed from the left gastrocnemius by quantitative Northern blot. Ethanol increased VEGF, TGF-beta(1), bFGF, and Flt-1 mRNA at rest and after acute exercise. Ethanol increased resting Flk-1 mRNA. Ethanol increased bFGF mRNA independently of exercise. These findings suggest that 1) ethanol can increase skeletal muscle angiogenic growth factor gene expression and 2) the mechanisms responsible for the ethanol-induced increases in VEGF, TGF-beta(1), and Flt-1 mRNA appear to be different from those responsible for exercise-induced regulation. Therefore, these results provide evidence in adult rat tissue that the protective cardiovascular effects of moderate ethanol consumption may result in part through the increase of angiogenic growth factors.
Gavin
Timothy P
TP
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0623, USA. gavint@mail.ecu.edu
Wagner
Peter D
PD
D000818:Animals; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D000431:Ethanol; C501164:Flt1 protein, rat; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1