title: Ophthalmoscopy and vitreoretinal surgery in patients with an ARRAY refractive multifocal intraocular lens implant.
abstract: We developed a clinical strategy for dealing with situations in which ophthalmoscopic examination and vitreoretinal surgery are difficult in patients with an ARRAY refractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implant. The ARRAY zonal-progressive IOL has a central 2.1-mm distance-vision zone for optically-unobstructed posterior pole observation. A concentric near-vision zone (+3.5-diopter add) surrounds this central zone. Optical ray-tracing is used to determine how a 2.1-mm pupil limitation restricts monocular and binocular retinal image size in head-mounted, slit-lamp, and operating microscope ophthalmoscopy. A 2.1-mm pupil decreases the retinal field of view of high magnification, narrow field lenses much more than that of wider-field, lower magnification lenses. This "worst-case" analysis suggests an ophthalmoscopic strategy, but is not strictly valid for the ARRAY lens because the near-vision zone surrounding its 2.1-mm central zone is not opaque. The near-vision zone contributes defocused information to the ophthalmoscopic image, diminishing its resolution and depth information. Wide-field, low magnification lenses are potentially less problematic than higher magnification lenses for examining and treating patients with an ARRAY IOL implant. This strategy is useful for panretinal photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy, but not for procedures requiring high magnification stereoscopic vision such as macular vitreoretinal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7379, USA. martin.mainster@att.net
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mainster
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reichel
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Harrington
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery*