title: Synthesis, biological activity, and molecular modeling investigation of new pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives as human A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists.
abstract: A new series of pyrazolotriazolopyrimidines bearing different substitutions on the phenylcarbamoyl moieties at the N5 position, being highly potent and selective human A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists, is described. The compounds represent an extension and an improvement of our previous work on this class of compounds (J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 4473-4478; J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 4768-4780). All the synthesized compounds showed A(3) adenosine receptor affinity in the subnanomolar range and high levels of selectivity in radioligand binding assays at the human A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptors. In particular, the effect of the substitution and its position on the phenyl ring have been studied. From binding data, it is evident that the unsubstituted derivatives on the phenyl ring (e.g., compound 59, hA(3) = 0.16 nM, hA(1)/hA(3) = 3713, hA(2A)/hA(3) = 2381, hA(2B)/hA(3) = 1388) showed the best profile in terms of affinity and selectivity at the human A(3) adenosine receptors. The introduction of a sulfonic acid moiety at the para position on the phenyl ring was attempted in order to design water soluble derivatives. However, this substitution led to a dramatic decrease of affinity at all four adenosine receptor subtypes. A computer-generated model of the human A(3) receptor was built and analyzed to better interpret these results, demonstrating that steric control, in particular at the para position on the phenyl ring, plays a fundamental role in the receptor interaction. Some of the synthesized compounds proved to be full antagonists in a specific functional model, where the inhibition of cAMP-generation by IB-MECA was measured in membranes of CHO cells stably transfected with the human A(3) receptor with IC(50) values in the nanomolar range, with a statistically significative linear relationship with the binding data.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale-Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. pgb@dns.unife.it
authors.forename: Pier Giovanni
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Baraldi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cacciari
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spalluto
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pastorin
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Da Ros
authors.forename: Karl-Norbert
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varani
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gessi
authors.forename: Pier Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011743:Pyrimidines; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D000242:Cyclic AMP