title: Benefit of atrial pacing in sleep apnea syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with sleep apnea syndrome have nocturnal bradycardia, paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias, or both, which can be prevented by permanent atrial pacing. We evaluated the effect of using cardiac pacing to increase the heart rate during sleep in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 15 patients (11 men and 4 women; mean [+/-SD] age, 69+/-9 years) with central or obstructive sleep apnea who had received permanent atrial-synchronous ventricular pacemakers for symptomatic sinus bradycardia. All patients underwent three polysomnographic evaluations on consecutive nights, the first night for base-line evaluation and then, in random order, one night in spontaneous rhythm and one in dual-chamber pacing mode with atrial overdrive (basic rate, 15 beats per minute faster than the mean nocturnal sinus rate). The total duration and number of episodes of central or obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea were analyzed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean 24-hour sinus rate during spontaneous rhythm was 57 +/- 5 beats per minute at base line, as compared with 72 +/- 3 beats per minute with atrial overdrive pacing (P<0.001). The total duration of sleep was 321 +/- 49 minutes in spontaneous rhythm, as compared with 331 +/- 46 minutes with atrial overdrive pacing (P=0.48). The hypopnea index (the total number of episodes of hypopnea divided by the number of hours of sleep) was reduced from 9 +/- 4 in spontaneous rhythm to 3 +/-3 with atrial overdrive pacing (P<0.001). For both apnea and hypopnea, the value for the index was 28 +/- 22 in spontaneous rhythm, as compared with 11 +/- 14 with atrial overdrive pacing (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with sleep apnea syndrome, atrial overdrive pacing significantly reduces the number of episodes of central or obstructive sleep apnea without reducing the total sleep time.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. stgarrigue@aol.com
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garrigue
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bordier
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaïs
authors.forename: Dipen C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Meleze
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hocini
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raherison
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tunon De Lara
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haïssaguerre
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clementy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D017286:Polysomnography; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen