title: The effects of cognitive behavioral intervention on the attitude and behavior of stockpersons and the behavior and productivity of commercial dairy cows.
abstract: Two experiments, one involving 29 commercial farms and the other involving 94 commercial farms, were conducted to examine the effects of a training program targeting a number of attitudinal and behavioral variables in stockpeople. These stockperson variables had been previously shown to be related to fear of humans and productivity of commercial cows. In both experiments, two treatments were imposed: an Intervention treatment, consisting of a cognitive-behavioral intervention procedure designed to improve the attitude and behavior of stockpeople toward cows, and a Control treatment, in which no intervention was attempted. In Exp. 1, an analysis of covariance, using previous lactation variables as the covariate, revealed effects of the Intervention treatment on the attitude and behavior of the stockpeople and the behavior of cows. Stockpeople at Intervention farms showed more (P < 0.01) positive beliefs about handling cows and used a lower (P < 0.05) number and percentage of negative tactile interactions in handling cows than stockpeople at the Control farms. Cows at the Intervention farms showed a shorter (P < 0.05) flight distance to humans, indicating a lower level of fear of humans by these cows. However, 36% of the Intervention farms failed to show a reduction in average flight distance over the two lactations. Although there was no significant treatment effect on milk yield, the Intervention farms in which fear levels declined following the intervention had a higher (P < 0.05) milk yield than the other farms. In Exp. 2, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was found in the milk yield of cows following the Intervention treatment. Similar treatment effects were observed on both milk protein and milk fat. These results indicate that cognitive-behavioral interventions that successfully target the key attitudes and behavior of stockpeople that regulate the cow's fear of humans offer the industry good opportunities to improve the productivity of cows.
authors.affiliation: Animal Welfare Centre, University of Melbourne and Agriculture Victoria, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Australia. paul.hemsworth@nre.vic.gov.au
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hemsworth
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dowling
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001290:Attitude; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone