title: Induction of early bolting in Arabidopsis thaliana by triacontanol, cerium and lanthanum is correlated with increased endogenous concentration of isopentenyl adenosine (iPAdos).
abstract: The effects of triacontanol (TRIA), applied singly or in combination with cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate, on bolting of Arabidopsis thaliana were studied. Triacontanol (0.1 to 0.6 microM) added to the culture medium induced early bolting. TRIA (0.3 microM) applied with low concentrations of cerium and lanthanum caused a synergistic stimulation of bolting. In medium containing 0.3 microM TRIA, 0.1 microM cerium nitrate and 0.1 mM lanthanum nitrate, 82% of the plants bolted 20 d after seed sowing compared to only 8.6% in basal medium and 47.8% in medium with TRIA only. The changes in the endogenous concentrations of total cytokinins of the isopentenyl adenine (IP) subfamily in the leaf and root tissues were correlated with TRIA-induced early bolting. The combined treatment of TRIA (0.3 microM), cerium nitrate (0.1 microM) and lanthanum nitrate (0.1 mM) resulted in a significant increase in the endogenous concentrations of total cytokinins of the IP subfamily in the root and leaf tissues compared to plants growing in the basal medium and medium with TRIA. The exogenous application of six natural cytokinins to the plants revealed that only isopentenyl adenosine (iPAdos) was as effective as TRIA on floral bud formation. iPAdos was also found to have similar effects as TRIA on root growth and reproductive growth. These results suggest a correlation between the early bolting induced by TRIA, cerium and lanthanum and the production of higher concentrations of endogenous iPAdos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Chiang-Shiong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Loh
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007541:Isopentenyladenosine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015026:Zeatin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; C032786:cerium nitrate; C001478:N(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine; D002563:Cerium; C016534:lanthanide nitrate; D007811:Lanthanum; C047578:1-triacontanol; D007541:Isopentenyladenosine; D015026:Zeatin; D000225:Adenine