Chemotherapy, irradiation, and surgery for function-preserving therapy of primary extremity soft tissue sarcomas: initial treatment with ifosfamide, mitomycin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin plus granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.
BACKGROUND
Most institutional teams utilize multimodality therapy in their efforts to cure patients with primary high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas, although the value of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is still disputed by some oncologists. This single-institution Phase II study describes an effort to control metastasis by the use of two cycles of chemotherapy as the initial preoperative treatment.


METHODS
Between March 1994 and October 1997, 20 women and 19 men with primary extremity or limb girdle high-grade soft tissue sarcomas were registered to a study of preoperative ifosfamide, mitomycin, doxorubicin, cisplatin (IMAP) plus granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) followed by preoperative irradiation and subsequent limb-sparing surgery. The two sequential monthly cycles of IMAP involved intravenous ifosfamide, 2500 mg/m(2), and mesna, 2500 mg/m(2), on Day 0, followed by identical doses of these agents plus intravenous mitomycin, 4 mg/m(2), doxorubicin, 40 mg/m(2), and cisplatin, 60 mg/m(2), on Day 1. Sargramostim (GM-CSF) 250 microg/m(2) was given subcutaneously every 12 hours for 4 days beginning 6 days before the chemotherapy, and then for 14 more days beginning the day after chemotherapy was completed. At the beginning of the third month, external beam irradiation was administered daily, 5 days each week for 5 consecutive weeks to total preoperative doses of 4500 centigrays (cGy). This was accompanied by reduced doses of MAP chemotherapy (mitomycin, 6 mg/m(2), doxorubicin, 30 mg/m(2), and cisplatin, 45 mg/m(2)) intravenously on Days 0, 21, and 42 of the radiation therapy segment. Approximately 1 month after preoperative irradiation ended, each patient had complete surgical excision with curative intent, using limb-sparing techniques when possible. Radiation to total doses of 5500-6500 cGy was accomplished by delivery of an additional 1000-2000 cGy to the tumor bed via intraoperative electron beam, brachytherapy, or external beam irradiation at the completion of surgery.


RESULTS
All except 5 patients had tumors at least 5 cm in diameter. Chemotherapy toxicity grade three or higher consisted primarily of vomiting (23%), leukopenia (54%), and thrombocytopenia (77%). Six patients have died of metastatic sarcoma, and one other died in a motorcycle accident. Kaplan-Meier curves indicate estimated 5-year survival of approximately 80% and freedom from metastasis at 2 years of approximately 85%.


CONCLUSIONS
IMAP plus GM-CSF is satisfactory as initial treatment for primary extremity soft tissue sarcomas in two monthly cycles preceding irradiation. The prescribed irradiation was generally tolerable and effective in permitting limb-sparing surgery. Although the outcome of patients treated on this regimen has been favorable, the metastasis problem has not been eliminated.
Edmonson
John H
JH
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. edmoj@mayo.edu
Petersen
Ivy A
IA
Shives
Thomas C
TC
Mahoney
Michelle R
MR
Rock
Michael G
MG
Haddock
Michael G
MG
Sim
Franklin H
FH
Maples
William J
WJ
O'Connor
Mary I
MI
Gunderson
Leonard L
LL
Foo
May L
ML
Pritchard
Douglas J
DJ
Buckner
Jan C
JC
Stafford
Scott L
SL
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D015080:Mesna / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
D016685:Mitomycin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015080:Mesna; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide