title: IL-10 is critical for host resistance and survival during gastrointestinal helminth infection.
abstract: Resistance to many intestinal nematodes is dependent on the induction of polarized type 2 cytokine responses, whereas type 1 responses can exacerbate these infections. The contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 to the development of resistance have been well described for a variety of intestinal parasites; however, the role of IL-10 has not been previously investigated. In this study we infected IL-10-, IL-10/IL-4-, IL-10/IL-12-, IL-4-, and IL-12-deficient mice with Trichuris muris to determine whether IL-10 contributes to the development of immunity. Interestingly, T. muris-infected IL-10-, IL-4-, and IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice failed to expel the parasite, and animals deficient in IL-10 displayed marked morbidity and mortality. In contrast, double IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice were completely resistant and mounted a highly polarized type 2 cytokine response, demonstrating that the increased susceptibility of IL-10-deficient mice was dependent on IL-12. Further study suggested that the susceptibility of IL-10- and IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice was probably attributable to a marked increase in type 1 cytokine production in those animals. The mortality observed in T. muris-infected IL-10- and IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice correlated with increased inflammation, loss of Paneth cells, and absence of mucus in the cecum. Interestingly, survival was enhanced in T. muris-infected IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice if a broad spectrum antibiotic was administered, suggesting that an outgrowth of opportunistic bacteria was contributing to the high degree of morbidity and mortality. Overall, these studies reveal a critical role for IL-10 in the polarization of Th2 responses, development of resistance during T. muris infection, and maintenance of barrier function in the colon.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Disease Resistance Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Schopf
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Cheever
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wynn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D009355:Neomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019879:Paneth Cells / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014257:Trichuriasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D009355:Neomycin