title: Structure of the rabbit alphas1- and beta-casein gene cluster, assignment to chromosome 15 and expression of the alphas1-casein gene in HC11 cells.
abstract: Several casein (CSN) genes (CSN1, 2, 10 and alphas2-CSN) have been described and shown to be clustered in mouse, man and cattle. These genes are expressed simultaneously in the mammary gland during lactation, but they are silent in most mammary cell lines, even in the presence of lactogenic hormones. However, it has been shown that the CSN2 gene, and this gene only, can be induced in certain mammary cell lines, such as HC11. In the present paper, we describe three overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones which harbor both the rabbit CSN1 and CSN2 genes. These two genes are in a convergent orientation, separated by an intergenic region of 15 kb. DNA from one of the CSN/BAC clones was used as a probe for in situ hybridization to show that the CSN1 and CSN2 gene cluster is located on chromosome 15 band q23 and not on chromosome 12 as had been previously reported. Each of the three CSN/BAC DNAs was transfected into HC11 cells. In the presence of lactogenic hormones, the rabbit CSN1 gene was clearly expressed from all three CSN/BAC DNAs, whereas the rabbit CSN2 gene, which at the most possesses a 1 kb upstream region in one of the CSN/BAC DNAs, was not expressed at detectable levels on Northern blots. The transfected HC11 cells now express both rabbit CSN1 and mouse CSN2 genes. These transfected cells will be used as a model to study the role of CSN1 in milk protein secretion.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INRA, 78352 Cedex, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pauloin
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rogel-Gaillard
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piumi
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Marie Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chanat
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chardon
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Devinoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D012313:RNA