title: The effect of X4 and R5 HIV-1 on C, C-C, and C-X-C chemokines during the early stages of infection in human PBMCs.
abstract: To better define a mechanism underlying the increase in expression of certain proinflammatory chemokines during HIV-1 infection, we analyzed the effect of X4 HIV-1 infection on C, C-C, and C-X-C chemokine mRNA levels. We demonstrate that X4 HIV-1 infection augments the expression of RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1, and Ltn in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). R5 HIV-1 also induces an increase in both IP-10 and MCP-1 production. Binding of UV-inactivated HIV-1 elevates MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and IL-8 expression, but fails to alter the production of IP-10, suggesting that the induction of IP-10 is dependent on downstream events following viral internalization. Indeed, recombinant gp120 alone was able to stimulate an eightfold increase in MCP-1 expression, but was unable to induce any detectable increase in IP-10 protein. HIV-induced modulation of chemokine expression suggests a mechanism by which HIV-infected monocytes and T cells might recruit target cells to sites of active viral replication, thus potentially aiding in the spread of the virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.forename: Amber D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: Earl E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018925:Chemokines; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D012333:RNA, Messenger