title: Analysis of T-wave morphology from the 12-lead electrocardiogram for prediction of long-term prognosis in male US veterans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of novel repolarization descriptors from the 12-lead ECG in a large cohort of US veterans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male US veterans (n=813) with cardiovascular disease had digital 12-lead ECGs recorded at the VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, between 1984 and 1991. The patient series was retrospectively compiled in 1991; follow-up was prospectively assessed until 2000. Novel ECG variables characterizing repolarization and the T-wave loop were automatically analyzed. Of 772 patients with technically analyzable data, 252 patients (32.6%) died after a mean follow-up of 10.4 +/- 3.8 years. Direct comparison between dead and alive patients showed that the so-called T-wave residua (the absolute and relative amount of nondipolar contents within the T wave) predicted mortality (111 900 +/- 164 700 versus 85 600 +/- 144 800 between dead and alive patients, P<0.0002; and 0.43 +/- 0.62% versus 0.33 +/- 0.56%, P<0.0005 for the absolute and relative T-wave residuum, respectively). On Cox regression analysis entering age, left ventricular ejection fraction, echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, and either of the T-wave residua, risk prediction was independent for the absolute (P=0.022) and for the relative (P=0.006) T-wave residuum, respectively, with age (P<0.0001), presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (P=0.002), and left ventricular ejection fraction (P=0.004) also being predictors of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heterogeneity of myocardial repolarization, measured by the so-called T-wave residuum in the ECG, confers long-term independent prognostic information in US veterans with cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zabel
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hnatkova
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papademetriou
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pittaras
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Franz
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data