title: Orthopedic conditions of the avian head.
abstract: Orthopedic problems of the avian head generally fall into two main categories: congenital and traumatic. Congenital lesions of the beak are not uncommon in psittacine birds but are extremely rare in raptors. Trauma accounts for most of the remaining orthopedic problems seen in the area of the body. This article discusses the most common conditions and injuries causing orthopedic problems of the beak, eye, and skull of avian patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. colette.wheler@usask.ca
authors.forename: Colette L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wheler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001502:Beak / Q000293:injuries*; D001717:Birds / Q000293:injuries*; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000662:veterinary*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*