title: Androgen regulation of spermidine synthase expression in the rat prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spermidine synthase, an essential enzyme in the polyamine synthesis pathway, was identified as one of the androgen-response genes in the rat ventral prostate. Characterization of androgen regulation of spermidine synthase is important to the understanding of androgenic regulation of polyamine synthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-length cDNA encoding rat spermidine synthase was isolated from a lambdaZAP cDNA phage library. Young male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used for castration and androgen replacement. Northern blot and in situ hybridization were used to characterize gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amino acid sequence of rat spermidine synthase shares 99% and 94% identity with that of mouse and human spermidine synthase, respectively. Spermidine synthase gene is abundantly expressed and regulated by androgens in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral lobes of the rat prostate, and its expression is localized to the epithelial cells. Spermidine synthase also is regulated by androgens in the seminal vesicles but not in the muscle, brain, kidney, thymus, heart, or liver, suggesting that this enzyme is responsive to androgen in the male sex accessory organs only. The expression of spermidine synthase and two other enzymes involved in polyamine synthesis, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase, are regulated by androgens coordinately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spermidine synthase is most abundantly expressed and regulated by androgens in the prostatic epithelial cells, suggesting that regulation of spermidine synthase is likely a key step in coordinated androgen regulation of polyamine synthesis in the prostate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Jomol
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cyriac
authors.forename: Riffat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haleem
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009919:Orchiectomy; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D011436:Spermidine Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013739:Testosterone; D011436:Spermidine Synthase; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase; D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase