title: Activation and inactivation of signal transducers and activators of transcription by ciliary neurotrophic factor in neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: Neurons in vivo are exposed to a variety of different growth factors and cytokines. A principal signalling pathway for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-like cytokines is the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) system of kinases and transcription factors. In the human cell line (SH-SY5Y), STAT1 and STAT3 activation by CNTF-like cytokines showed tyrosine phosphorylation peaking at 0.5 h and inactivating within 2 h. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor-associated tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak2 showed a similar time course of activation and inactivation in response to CNTF. The STAT1 response to the non-CNTF-like cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) did not inactivate. Inactivation to CNTF was not due to a decrease in CNTF receptor subunit gp130 or in levels of Jak1 or Jak2. STAT inactivation was inhibited by the protein kinase blocker H7 and a tyrosine phosphatase blocker, but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase, mTOR-P70/S6 kinase or phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI-3 kinase). Surprisingly, CNTF caused only a minor increase in levels of suppressors of cytokine signalling, SOCS-1 and SOCS-3. CNTF pretreatment desensitized the cells to the CNTF-like cytokines, leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin-M but not to IFN-gamma. These results reveal a complex level of regulation of shared signalling pathways for cytokines that is dependent on both the type of cell and cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 102 Faber Hall, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000, USA.
authors.forename: Navjot
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wohlhueter
authors.forename: Stanley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D001152:Arsenicals; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; C029341:oxophenylarsine; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases