title: Muscle mass index in haemodialysis patients: a comparison of indices obtained by routine clinical examinations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of muscle mass is useful for evaluating protein nutritional status. Various methods for estimating muscle mass in haemodialysis patients have recently been developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The validity of the estimate of creatinine production calculated with the creatinine kinetic model (CKM) was examined in 46 haemodialysis patients by comparing it with the actual creatinine production, this being determined from the sum of creatinine appearing in the dialysate and the estimated metabolic degradation. The correlation of various other muscle mass indices with creatinine production was also investigated in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimate of creatinine production using CKM was significantly correlated with creatinine production calculated from the spent dialysate plus an estimate for the extra-renal creatinine degradation (r=0.90, P<0.001). A Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean prediction error for the estimate of creatinine production by CKM was +0.10 g/day and the limits of agreement were +0.34 to -0.14 g/day. The cross-sectional area of the thigh muscle measured by computed tomography (CT) was also significantly correlated with creatinine production (r=-0.86, P<0.01). In contrast, the correlations of 3-methylhistidine production measured in the spent dialysate, the mid-upper arm muscle circumference and the skeletal muscle mass estimated by an anthropometric prediction model with creatinine production were lower (r<0.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creatinine production calculated using CKM and CT measurement of thigh muscle area are valid methods for estimating muscle mass during routine clinical examinations of haemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaizu
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008762:Methylhistidines / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D008762:Methylhistidines; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D003404:Creatinine; C028118:3-methylhistidine