title: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in neurologically impaired children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with neurologic impairment often present with airway obstruction that may require intervention. No single method of airway intervention is universally appropriate and effective in this patient population. This study was performed to examine the effectiveness of using adenotonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in resolving obstructive apnea (OA) in patients with neurologic impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 15 patients with neurologic impairment and OA treated with adenotonsillectomy and UPPP between 1986 and 1998 at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin (CHW) was performed. All patients in the series had their primary area of obstruction in the posterior oropharynx involving the soft palate, pharyngeal walls and base of tongue. Post-operative improvement following adenotonsillectomy and UPPP was examined. Measures of improvement were based primarily on recorded lowest oxygen saturations, but clinical parameters, flexible upper airway endoscopy and polysomnography were used as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient improvement was documented in 87% of patients treated with this modality. For the group, the mean lowest recorded oxygen saturation demonstrated a statistically significant improvement from 65% pre-operatively to 85% post-operatively (P = 0.005). In long-term follow-up of these patients, 77% (10 of 13) of those showing initial improvement have done well and have required no further airway intervention. However, 23% of these patients demonstrated the need for further airway intervention during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenotonsillectomy with UPPP is worthy of consideration in certain neurologically impaired patients with moderate to severe OA, limited primarily to the posterior pharyngeal area. Initial improvement may not be permanent and close long-term follow-up of patients is imperative.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Childrens Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee 53226, USA. kersch@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kerschner
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.forename: Valerie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Flanary
authors.forename: Tom B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000293:Adolescent; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome