title: Convulsive status epilepticus in children with intractable epilepsy is frequently focal in origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a common neurological emergency. Our objectives were to study children with recurrent nonfebrile CSE to assess the evidence for focal origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Series of 18 children with recurrent CSE and intractable epilepsy were identified by chart review. Clinical, radiological, and EEG data were reviewed. Focal structural abnormalities were identified on MRI and CT images by one neuroradiologist who was unaware of the clinical details.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient's ages ranged between 6-22 years (mean 15.3, SD 4), and 67% were males. Most children (89%) had a severe cognitive and / or behavioural disorder. Most patients (89%) had multiple seizure types and 95% of these were partial seizures. Twelve (67%) children had at least one episode of CSE with focal features identified clinically. Focal brain abnormalities were detected on 18% and 55% of CT and MRI films respectively. Overall, 53% had a focal abnormality on structural neuroimaging. Interictal EEG revealed focal or multifocal abnormalities on at least one occasion in 94% and 22% of patients respectively. Overall, 17 patients had focal features on at least one EEG. Thirteen ictal EEGs were recorded on 11 (61%) patients. Ten (91%) of these recordings revealed a focal onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many handicapped children with recurrent CSE have focal clinical, radiological, or electrographic features. This supports a focal origin for CSE in most children with intractable epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Brian G R
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Rod C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed