title: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine decreases plasmalemmal and vesicular dopamine transport: mechanisms and implications for neurotoxicity.
abstract: Administration of a high-dose regimen of methamphetamine (METH) rapidly and profoundly decreases plasmalemmal and vesicular dopamine (DA) transport in the striatum, as assessed in synaptosomes and purified vesicles, respectively. To determine whether these responses were common to other amphetamines of abuse, effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on the plasmalemmal DA transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) were assessed. Similar to effects of METH reported previously, multiple high-dose MDMA administrations rapidly (within 1 h) decreased plasmalemmal DA uptake, as assessed ex vivo in synaptosomes prepared from treated rats. Unlike effects of multiple METH injections, this deficit was reversed completely 24 h after drug treatment. Also in contrast to effects of multiple METH injections, 1) MDMA caused little or no decrease in binding of the DAT ligand WIN35428, and 2) neither prevention of hyperthermia nor prior depletion of DA prevented the MDMA-induced reduction in plasmalemmal DA transport. However, a role for phosphorylation was suggested because pretreatment with protein kinase C inhibitors attenuated the deficit caused by MDMA in an in vitro model system. In addition to affecting DAT function, MDMA rapidly decreased vesicular DA transport as assessed in striatal vesicles prepared from treated rats. Unlike effects of multiple METH injections reported previously, this decrease partially recovered by 24 h after drug treatment. Taken together, these results reveal several differences between effects of MDMA and previously reported METH on DAT and VMAT-2; differences that may underlie the dissimilar neurotoxic profile of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.forename: Glen R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Annette E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fleckenstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects*; D013747:Tetrabenazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D050492:Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D006213:Hallucinogens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D009498:Neurotoxins; C493216:Slc6a3 protein, rat; D050492:Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins; C032811:dihydrotetrabenazine; D008694:Methamphetamine; C021279:(1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester; D003042:Cocaine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine; D013747:Tetrabenazine