title: Induction of apoptosis and bcl-2 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children.
abstract: bcl-2 expression is associated with the expression of the multidrug resistance molecule (p-gp) and the resistance of leukaemia cells to the induction of apoptosis. The activity of p-gp is the main mechanism of resistance of leukaemia cells to chemotherapy. This study assessed the induction of apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) blastic cells following in vitro treatment with dexamethasone (DXM), vincristine (VCR), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in relation to the expression of bcl-2 and p-gp. Common ALL (cALL; n = 24 patients), common ALL with co-expression of myeloid antigens (cALL + My; n = 9), ALL-T (n = 9), and NHL [n = 6 (T type, n = 2; B type, n = 4)] were included. The expression of bcl-2 and p-gp and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry. Spontaneous apoptosis was low (< 5%) in cALL and ALL-T and higher (> 8%) in NHL and cALL + My. A high frequency of bcl-2 expression was noted in cALL and cALL + My. A high frequency of p-gp expression was observed in cALL + My, ALL-T, and NHL. There was a reverse association between bcl-2 expression and spontaneous apoptosis. DXM-induced apoptosis was observed in 52.63%, TNF-induced in 42.85%, VCR-induced in 36.36%, and GM-CSF-induced in 33.3% of leukaemia and lymphoma cases. DXM and GM-CSF-driven apoptosis was reversibly associated with bcl-2-expression (bcl-2-dependent mechanism). VCR and TNF-driven apoptosis was not associated with bcl-2 expression, suggesting a different, bcl-2-independent, mechanism(s) of its induction. The in vitro induction of apoptosis was not associated with expression of p-gp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Polish-American Children's Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków. mipituch@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pituch-Noworolska
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hajto
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Balwierz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klus
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014750:Vincristine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor