title: Long-term maintenance bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy in high-grade superficial bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term results of intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induction plus long-term maintenance treatment for high-grade superficial bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 2000, 41 patients who presented to our clinic with superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (T1G3, T1G3 plus carcinoma in situ, or recurrent TaG2-3) were treated by transurethral resection of all visible tumor and an induction cycle of BCG plus a long-term maintenance BCG course consisting of 11 monthly instillations followed by 4 quarterly instillations and then by 6 six-monthly instillations. The median follow-up was 40 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients remained tumor free throughout the follow-up period. Ten patients had a recurrence of superficial tumor, 9 patients during the monthly instillation course and 1 patient during the quarterly instillation course. One patient presented with progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG after complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor represents a highly effective primary treatment for high-grade superficial bladder cancer. Our maintenance course of BCG seemed to improve the worldwide accepted effectiveness of the BCG induction course without any important side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Division III, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Seri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Nunzio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spalletta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laurenti
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012074:Remission Induction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine