title: Real-time ultrasound-guided renal biopsy with a biopsy gun in children: safety and efficacy.
abstract: Real-time ultrasound-guided renal biopsy (RB) with a biopsy gun has become a standard procedure in the treatment of children. The purpose of the study was to establish the complication rate after real-time ultrasound-guided RB with a biopsy gun, the adequacy of renal tissue samples for pathohistological tests, the rate of concurrence between clinical and pathohistological diagnoses, and the benefits of the procedure. From January 1994 to October 1999, 88 renal biopsies were performed on 82 children, 81 of whom (35M, 46F, aged 3-20 y) were included in this retrospective study. The nephrotic syndrome (in infants, older children, those with evidence of nephritis or failing corticosteroid therapy) was the most frequent indication of RB. Other indications were non-nephrotic proteinuria, nephritic syndrome, glomerular haematuria, renal allograft dysfunction, unexplained acute or chronic renal failure, and kidney disease progression monitoring. No serious complications were noted. The adequacy rate of renal tissue samples ranged from 93.1 to 96.6%, depending on which definition of the adequacy of renal tissue samples was used. Clinical and pathohistological diagnoses matched in 81.4% of the cases. Data obtained by RB were very beneficial to patients in terms of establishing, confirming or altering the diagnosis and, consequently, the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm that real-time ultrasound-guided RB with a biopsy gun is a safe procedure and provides information that is very beneficial to patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Nephrology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Tanja.Kersnik@guest.arnes.si
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kersnik Levart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kenig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buturović Ponikvar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferluga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avgustin Cavić
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kenda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003199:Computer Systems; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography