title: In vitro behavior of sintered powder injection molded Ti-6Al-4V/HA.
abstract: This article reports the morphology and mechanical properties of sintered powder injection molded Ti-6Al-4V/HA parts in a simulated physiological environment. Sintered Ti-6Al-4V/HA parts were immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations that were comparable to those of human blood plasma for a total period of 12 weeks. At intervals of 2 weeks, the immersed Ti-6Al-4V/HA parts were analyzed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength, and compressive modulus were also evaluated. Results showed that complete dissolution of the more soluble phases such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), and calcium oxide (CaO) were found after 2 weeks of immersion in SBF. ICP analysis showed that high calcium concentration release of around 200 ppm was observed in the SBF solution after 2-4 weeks of immersion, indicating that dissolution has taken place. Next, a gradual decrease in calcium concentration release in the SBF solution was observed after immersion for 4-6 weeks, with increasing amounts of calcium phosphate precipitates being observed on the Ti-6Al-4V/HA surface. Mechanical properties such as strength and modulus were found to deteriorate during 2-4 weeks of immersion, followed by gradual increment as the immersion period increased. This study also showed that parts sintered at 1150 C exhibited faster dissolution and precipitation rates than parts sintered at 1050 C in a physiological environment.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Thian
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Khor
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tor
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000592:standards; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D019563:Mechanics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium