title: The endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie1 activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt to inhibit apoptosis.
abstract: Tie1 is an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells and that is required for normal embryonic vascular development. Genetic studies suggest that Tie1 promotes endothelial cell survival, but other studies have suggested that the Tie1 kinase has little to no activity, and Tie1-mediated signaling pathways are unknown. To begin to study Tie1 signaling, a recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Tie1 kinase fusion protein was produced in insect cells and found to be autophosphorylated in vitro. GST-Tie1 but not a kinase-inactive mutant associated with a recombinant p85 SH2 domain protein in vitro, suggesting that Tie1 might signal through phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. To study Tie1 signaling in a cellular context, a c-fms-Tie1 chimeric receptor (fTie1) was expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Ligand stimulation of fTie1 resulted in Tie1 autophosphorylation and downstream activation of PI 3-kinase and Akt. Stimulation of fTie1-expressing cells potently inhibited UV irradiation-induced apoptosis in a PI 3-kinase-dependent manner. Moreover, both Akt phosphorylation and inhibition of apoptosis were abrogated by mutation of tyrosine 1113 to phenylalanine, suggesting that this residue is an important PI 3-kinase binding site. These findings are the first biochemical demonstration of a signal transduction pathway and corresponding cellular function for Tie1, and the antiapoptotic effect of Tie1 is consistent with the results of previous genetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. cdkontos@duke.edu
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kontos
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics; D042810:Receptor, TIE-1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042764:Receptors, TIE; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018411:Spodoptera; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D042810:Receptor, TIE-1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D042764:Receptors, TIE; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins