title: 17beta-estradiol enhances vascular endothelial growth factor production and dihydrotestosterone antagonizes the enhancement via the regulation of adenylate cyclase in differentiated THP-1 cells.
abstract: We studied the in vitro effects of sex hormones on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in differentiated THP-1 monocytic cells. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate differentiated THP-1 into macrophage-like cells. 17beta-estradiol (10 (-9) M) increased VEGF secretion of controls 3.1-fold in differentiated THP-1 and this effect of 17beta-estradiol was antagonized by dihydrotestosterone, although dihydrotestosterone alone did not alter VEGF secretion. 17beta-estradiol increased steady-state mRNA level of VEGF and the increase was counteracted by dihydrotestosterone in differentiated THP-1, although dihydrotestosterone alone did not alter the VEGF mRNA level. Progesterone did not affect the constitutive and 17beta-estradiol-induced VEGF secretion and mRNA level. Transient transfection revealed that 17beta-estradiol enhanced chloramphenicol acetyl transferase expression driven by VEGF promoter and the enhancement was antagonized by dihydrotestosterone. Adenylate cyclase inhibitor suppressed 17beta-estradiol-induced enhancement of VEGF secretion, mRNA level, and promoter activity, whereas dihydrotestosterone-induced suppression on the effects of 17beta-estradiol was counteracted by 3',5'-adenosine cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) analog. 17beta-estradiol increased intracellular cAMP level by activating adenylate cyclase, while dihydrotestosterone reduced the basal and 17beta-estradiol-increased cAMP level by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Transfection with 5'-deleted VEGF promoters demonstrated that the region between -88 and -66 bp may be involved in the transcriptional regulation by each hormone. The mutation within activator protein-2 element in this region abrogated the transcriptional stimulation and repression by the respective hormones. 17beta-estradiol activated transcription from activator protein-2-responsive reporter plasmid while dihydrotestosterone antagonized the effect of 17beta-estradiol. These results suggest that 17beta-estradiol enhances VEGF production while dihydrotestosterone antagonizes the effect of 17beta-estradiol via up- or downregulation of adenylate cyclase in differentiated THP-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nmk@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases