title: Effects of instrumentation, irrigation and dressing with calcium hydroxide on infection in pulpless teeth with periapical bone lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of microorganisms in root canals of teeth with infected pulps and periapical bone lesions with and without the use of calcium hydroxide medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endodontic samples were cultured and microorganisms were counted and identified in 43 teeth before (sample 1) and after (sample 2) treatment during the first visit and before (sample 3) and after (sample 4) treatment during the second visit. In the first visit teeth were instrumented and half of the teeth were filled with a thick slurry of calcium hydroxide in sterile saline. The other teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and AH-2 6 sealer. After 4 weeks the teeth with calcium-hydroxide were accessed again and after microbiological sampling they were obturated with gutta-percha and AH-26 sealer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total colony forming unit (CFU) counts of positive samples dropped significantly as a result of canal preparation during the first visit from 1.0 x 10(6) to 1.8 x 10(3) (between samples 1 and 2) but increased to 9.3 x 10(3) in the period between the two visits (sample 2 and 3). There was no difference in mean total CFU counts of positive samples between the end of the first (sample 2) and the end of the second visit (sample 4). The most frequently isolated species were Prevotella intermedia, Capnocytophaga spp.. Actinomyces odontolyticus. Propionibacterium acnes and Peptostreptococcus micros.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a calcium hydroxide paste was placed in the prepared canals, the number of positive canals had increased in the period between visits. However, the number of microorganisms had only increased to 0.93% of the original number of CFU (sample 1). It is concluded that a calcium hydroxide and sterile saline slurry limits but does not totally prevent regrowth of endodontic bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cariology, Endodontology, Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands. L.Peters@ACTA.nl
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Winkelhoff
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wesselink
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002206:Capnocytophaga / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008709:Methenamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000254:growth & development; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000254:growth & development; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000254:growth & development; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012834:Silver / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium; D008709:Methenamine; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D001729:Bismuth