MR imaging of the foot and ankle: patterns of bone marrow signal abnormalities.
Diagnosis of marrow disorders of the foot and ankle is among the more challenging aspects of MR interpretation. Evaluation of normal and abnormal bone marrow with regard to pattern, distribution, and signal characteristics on different sequences often allows a specific diagnosis. This pictorial review illustrates MR imaging findings of normal variants of bone marrow of the foot and ankle, and the varied responses of bone marrow to trauma, stress, or disease.
Weishaupt
Dominik
D
Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. dominik.weishaupt@dmr.usz.ch
Schweitzer
Mark E
ME
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000473:pathology*; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis; D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000175:diagnosis