title: Clinicopathological features of prostate cancer in Jamaican men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the clinicopathological features of prostate cancer in a cohort of Jamaican men, and to determine which of these features are of prognostic significance in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and pathological findings in 99 patients with prostate cancer (diagnosed consecutively after biopsy, in the Department of Pathology at the University of the West Indies) between 1993 and 1997 were reviewed retrospectively. Biopsy specimens included 74 needle biopsies and 25 transurethral resection (TUR) specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at diagnosis was 72.3 years and 79 patients (80%) were symptomatic. The median (range, interquartile range) serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value at diagnosis was 37 (1-2100, 2-750) ng/mL; 63% of the patients had clinical stage T1 or T2 disease. Most (60%) of the cancers had a Gleason score of 8-10. Perineural invasion was present in a third of cases overall; high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and periprostatic involvement were present in 18% and 8% of biopsies, respectively. The median percentage involvement of all biopsy samples was 37%, that for needle biopsies 47% and for TUR specimens 14%. Of the 90 patients with complete follow-up data, 37 (41%) died; the cause was progressive disease in 19 (51%). The mean (sd, range) survival was 41.3 (19.7, 1-73) months. On univariate analysis, age, PSA level, tumour stage, Gleason score, perineural involvement and periprostatic involvement were significantly associated with an increased risk of dying from prostatic cancer; in a multivariate model, PSA and tumour stage (4 vs. 1) were the only independent factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean PSA values at the time of diagnosis, the median percentage of biopsy involvement by cancer and the number of patients with tumours of high histological grade were comparatively high, probably reflecting the patients' relatively late clinical presentation. Established prognostic markers were predictive of the risk of death from prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. seshirley@cwjamaica.com
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Shirley
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Escoffery
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sargeant
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tulloch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen