title: Reproductive tract pathology in asymptomatic women treated with tamoxifen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term effects of tamoxifen on the female reproductive tract in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen longer than two years were analyzed. All the patients underwent pelvic examination, pap smear, transvaginal ultrasonography, serum CA 125 and dilatation and curettage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 16 patients with genital system pathology. Three of them had atypical Pap smears, one with cervical carcinoma and the other two with chronic cervicitis. Two significant ovarian pathologies were found. These were ovarian fibroma, and unilateral dermoid cyst. There were three patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Uterine myoma was encountered in seven of the cases. Only one patient had elevated CA 125 levels despite normal genital examination findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since no significant genital pathology attributable to tamoxifen therapy could be detected, the follow-up for gynecologic pathologies in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen therapy may be individualized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yüce
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oncüloğlu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayhan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baltali
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Güier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D013629:Tamoxifen