title: Spatial distribution and histogenesis of colorectal Paneth cell metaplasia in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colorectal Paneth cell metaplasia (PCM) is known to be a sign of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although its distribution and histogenesis are not fully understood. Objectives of this research were to investigate the spatial distribution of PCM in IBD and other forms of colitis (non-IBD), and to find stimuli causing PCM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied multiple biopsy specimens from 181 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 159 with Crohn's disease (CD), 448 with non-IBD, and 78 normal controls. Paneth cell metaplasia frequency, at each colorectal site, was evaluated to find possible differences among diseases, phases of activity, and extents of disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In non-IBD and controls, PCM was rarely (0-1.9%) seen at distal sites, but frequently (up to 48.7%) found at the ascending colon and cecum (P < 0.001). Paneth cell metaplasia frequency was significantly higher in IBD than in non-IBD patients and controls at distal sites (P < 0.001), but did not differ significantly between UC and CD, or among active, resolving, and quiescent phases. In UC, proctitis and left-sided colitis rarely displayed PCM at unaffected sites. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that PCM was positively associated with crypt distortion and mononuclear cell infiltration (P < 0.005), but negatively or not significantly associated with crypt atrophy, mucin depletion, acute inflammation, or phase of activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paneth cell metaplasia is a non-specific phenomenon in the proximal colon, but distal PCM, which occurs exclusively in affected mucosa, is a useful marker indicating IBD, even in the inactive phase. Regression analysis suggests that repair and regeneration may be the most potent stimuli causing PCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. masa@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusumi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munakata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019879:Paneth Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis