title: Interferon-gamma inhibits replication of subgenomic and genomic hepatitis C virus RNAs.
abstract: Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. All treatments known so far rely on the antiviral activity of interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) that is given alone or in combination with ribavirin. Unfortunately, only a fraction of the patients clear the virus during therapy and for those who do not respond there is currently no alternative treatment. Selectable subgenomic HCV RNAs (replicons) have been recently used to investigate the effect of IFN-alpha on HCV replication. However, it has not yet been analyzed whether other cytokines also play a role in the innate immune response against HCV. Here we show that IFN-gamma inhibits protein synthesis and RNA replication of subgenomic and genomic HCV replicons. We further show that the inhibitory action of IFN-gamma does not rely on the production of nitric oxide or the depletion of tryptophan. In conclusion, our results suggest that cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells may contribute to HCV clearance not only by cell killing but also by producing IFN-gamma, thereby enhancing the intracellular inhibition of viral replication.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. frese@ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frese
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schwärzle
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihm
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartenschlager
mesh_terms: D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000502:physiology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012093:Replicon / Q000187:drug effects; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014364:Tryptophan; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C084422:NS3 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; C087036:NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase