title: The feasibility of self-assessment of dysphoric mania in the French national EPIMAN study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is presently considerable uncertainty on how to best assess mixed mania. The present contribution explores the feasibility of discriminating manic and dysphoric manic states on the basis of self-rating in the acute phase of the illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the French four-site national EPIMAN study of 104 patients devoted to the clinical evaluation and subclassification of mania, we used the Multiple Visual Analog Scales of Bipolarity (MVAS-BP, 26 items) of Ahearn-Carroll in a self-assessment format. The study was conducted on consecutive patients hospitalized for an acute DSM-IV mania. The severity of mania was measured by the Beigel-Murphy scale (MSRS) assessed by psychiatrists. When mania abated, temperaments according to Akiskal and Mallya were administered in their French version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis revealed a general factor explaining 33% of the variance and, after rotation, seven factors defining different dimensions of the phenomenology of mania. The factorial scores, as well as the dimensional scores of the Carrol-Klein model significantly distinguished pure versus dysphoric mania made on clinical grounds. Gender seemed to influence two factors: high 'anxious-depressive' score in females (which is in line with female overrepresentation in mixed mania), vs. high score in males on the 'gregariousness' factor (which represents social disinhibition of the hyperthymic temperament known to be more prevalent in men).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional correlational study in need of longitudinal validation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPIMAN data deriving from a national clinical population showed the feasiblity and face validity of self-assessment in acute mania, in particular its dysphoric subtype. Temperament in women seemed to contribute to the genesis of mixed (dysphoric) mania in accordance with Akiskal's hypothesis of opposition of temperament and polarity of bipolar episodes in mixed states. Self-assessment was capable of capturing accurately the subthreshold depressive symptomatology of mixed mania, which can be missed in hetero-evaluation by hasty clinical interview.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université de Paris VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hantouche
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Allilaire
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sechter
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chatenêt-Duchêne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lancrenon
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013694:Temperament