title: Occupational exposure to magnetic fields in case-referent studies of neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Case-referent studies of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease were conducted to explore the relationship between these neurodegenerative diseases and occupational exposure to magnetic fields. Three methods of exposure assessment were used for the comparison, and the consistency of findings between these approaches was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separate case-referent sets were formed from among recorded deaths of males in the state of Colorado for the years 1987 through 1996. The following three methods of exposure assessment were used: a dichotomous grouping of electrical versus nonelectrical occupations, a three-tiered grouping of potential magnetic-field exposure based on a combination of job title and industry, and categories of exposure based on the means of the magnetic fields estimated from a job-exposure matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive association was observed for Parkinson's disease with all the methods of magnetic-field exposure assessment, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest category in the job-exposure matrix being 1.50 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02-2.19]. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was associated with a history of electrical occupations (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.29-4.09) but not with magnetic-field exposure as estimated by the job-exposure matrix. No consistent associations with magnetic fields were observed for Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides some support for an association between occupational magnetic-field exposure and Parkinson's disease, but the findings are novel and require replication. Associations with the other neurodegenerative diseases were inconsistent and dependent on the method of exposure assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Colorado State University, United States. cnoonan@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Curtis W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yost
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Touchstone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology