title: Professional errors caused by lasers and intense pulsed light technology in dermatology and aesthetic medicine: preventive strategies and case studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) technology has become established practice in dermatology and aesthetic medicine. The increase in popularity and widespread use of such equipment has been accompanied by a sharp increase in the number of case reports about professional errors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We present 14 case studies of professional errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected representative case reports are used to illustrate and discuss typical professional errors and serve as the basis for creating preventive strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recommendations have been developed for the following areas: physician training, patient information, documentation, diagnosis, indication, test treatment, and performing treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of lasers and IPL technology in dermatology and aesthetic medicine requires practitioners not only to have high levels of training and experience, but also to exercise professional judgment. In spite of all of the precautions taken, the risk of complications and side effects can be reduced but not completely eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Laserklinik Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Baerbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raulin
mesh_terms: D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*