title: Screening for stroke in sickle cell anemia: comparison of transcranial Doppler imaging and nonimaging US techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether criteria for screening patients with sickle cell anemia for stroke established with a nonimaging transcranial Doppler ultrasonographic (US) technique are applicable to studies performed with a transcranial Doppler US imaging technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-eight examinations in 66 children were performed for sickle cell stroke screening. Children were examined with nonimaging and imaging transcranial Doppler US techniques on the same day, for a total of 84 paired examinations. The time-averaged maximum mean velocity (V(mean)) and resistive index (RI) were calculated in the middle cerebral arteries, bifurcations of the distal internal carotid arteries, distal internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, and basilar arteries. The maximum systolic velocity (V(max)) was evaluated in the distal internal carotid arteries and middle cerebral arteries. V(mean), V(max), and RI measurements were subjected to repeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance, and the Pearson product moment correlation was used for middle cerebral artery velocity, age, and hemoglobin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  V(mean) measurements obtained with nonimaging and imaging techniques varied substantially for the bifurcation of the distal internal carotid artery, the posterior cerebral artery, and the basilar artery. Substantial differences were found in RIs for every vessel. Examination time was shorter with the nonimaging technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  V(mean) measurements in the middle cerebral artery, distal internal carotid artery, and anterior cerebral artery did not vary substantially between nonimaging and imaging transcranial Doppler US. RI data did not yield comparable measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Health Care of Atlanta at Scottish Rite, 1001 Johnson Ferry Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. ariane.neish@choa.org
authors.forename: Ariane S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Neish
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Blews
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: Alice J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spinks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial