title: Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptors by transforming growth factor beta in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and its receptors (FGFRs) are important regulators of bone cell function. Although FGF-2 is a major modulator of bone cell function, its expression and regulation in human osteoblasts have not been investigated. We examined FGF-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and regulation in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Northern analysis revealed that MG-63 cells expressed FGF-2 mRNA transcripts of 7, 4, 2.2, and 1.3 kilobases (kb). In the absence of serum, treatment with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta; 0.1-10 ng/ml) increased all FGF-2 mRNA transcripts. Maximal increase was seen with 1 ng/ml of TGF-beta. TGF-beta increased FGF-2 mRNA expression within 2 h and this was sustained for 24 h. Phorbal myristate acetate (PMA; 1 microM) also increased FGF-2 mRNA at 6 h. Time course studies showed that TGF-beta did not significantly alter FGFR1 or FGFR2 mRNA expression in MG-63 cells. Western blotting with anti-human FGF-2 revealed that MG-63 cells synthesize three isoforms of FGF-2 protein of approximately 18, 22/23, and 24 kDa, which were increased after either 6 h or 24 h of treatment with TGF-beta. Increased FGF-2 mRNA and protein expression in response to TGF-beta was markedly reduced by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Immunogold labeling of MG-63 cells treated with TGF-beta showed increased labeling for FGF-2 and FGFR2 in the nuclei. In contrast, TGF-beta treatment significantly decreased FGFR1 labeling in the nuclei. These data show that TGF-beta regulates FGF-2 gene expression in human osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, TGF-beta modulates the cellular localization of FGF-2 and its receptors.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gravely
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pilbeam
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Raisz
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larocca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Florkiewicz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hurley
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D003513:Cycloheximide; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C