title: [Sonography and hysteroscopy for endometrial carcinoma and its precursors].
abstract: The transvaginal sonography is a non invasive diagnostic method to evaluate the endometrium. It has a high reliability in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, in the assessment of the depth of myometrial invasion as well as in preoperative staging. Patients with an episode of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and an endometrial thickness (double layer) less-than-or-equal 4 mm should be controlled by transvaginal ultrasound examination after 3 month. In case of a endometrial thickness > 4 mm or in case of a persistent bleeding a histologic assessment should be obtained. Because of the highest sensitivity and specificity a hysteroscopic biopsy or a diagnostic hysteroscopy with subsequent D & C should be performed. Vaginal bleeding under hormonal replacement therapy should not be regarded to have more importance than vaginal bleeding in patients without HRT. After the current consensus hysteroscopy causes only a slightly increase in the rate of positive peritoneal cytology. This phenomenon seems to be of no influence on the disease free survival rate.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe der Medizinischen Einrichtungen der Universität zu Köln, Germany. Torsten.Schmidt@medizin.uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Römer
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis