title: A comparison of quantitative NMR and radiolabelling studies of the metabolism and excretion of Statil (3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-oxo-3H-phthalazin-1-ylacetic acid) in the rat.
abstract: The identification and quantitation of the metabolites of Statil in rat bile and urine were investigated by 1H- and 19F-NMR spectroscopy and liquid scintillation counting. Male Wistar rats received a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg of radiolabelled Statil. Statil is known to produce glucuronide conjugates which are predominantly excreted into the bile in male rats. The complex multiphasic matrix of bile has been shown to make identification of the resonances by 1H-NMR spectroscopy very difficult as Statil appeared to be micellar bound giving rise to very broad signals. This not only impaired unambiguous signal characterisation but also quantification. The partial separation by SPEC-(1)H-NMR spectroscopy enabled the disruption of the micellar matrices and hence enabled the identification of Statil predominantly as aglycone, and to a lesser extent as glucuronide conjugate. In addition, minor acyl migration products of Statil glucuronide could also be detected as they were separated during the SPEC-process. 19F-NMR spectroscopic measurements on whole bile confirmed their presence as a number of overlapped signals could be observed. The selectivity, simplicity and signal dispersion characteristic of 19F-NMR spectroscopy also enabled the calculation of dose related recoveries of Statil related material in the bile and urine samples without the need for a radiolabel. The aim of this work was to investigate the usefulness and limitations of NMR spectroscopy of intact bile and urine as a means of quantifying levels of drug metabolites. The results obtained from NMR spectroscopy are compared with those obtained using scintillation techniques. Scintillation counting yields unequivocal quantification results, provided the label is preserved in metabolites as has been the case here. In general, quantification by 19F-NMR results similar to those obtained by scintillation counting (in agreement within about 20%). However, discrepancies have been observed with very small and broad 19F-NMR signals in bile. Nevertheless, 19F-NMR spectroscopy of bile is a rapid and facile method for assessing metabolite levels of fluorinated drugs.
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemistry, Division of Biomolecular Sciences, The Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London, UK. eva.lenz@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Haycock
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lindon
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012588:Scintillation Counting / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010793:Phthalazines; C042829:ponalrestat