title: Maintenance daily oral etoposide versus no further therapy following induction chemotherapy with etoposide plus ifosfamide plus cisplatin in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed this phase III study to determine whether the addition of 3 months of oral etoposide in non-progressing patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated with four cycles of etoposide plus ifosfamide plus cisplatin (VIP) improves progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with extensive SCLC with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) > or =50, adequate renal function and bone marrow reserve were eligible. Patients with CNS metastasis were eligible and received concurrent whole-brain radiotherapy. All patients received etoposide 75 mg/m2, ifosfamide 1.2 g/m2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1-4 every 3 weeks for four cycles. Non-progressing patients were randomized to oral etoposide 50 mg/m2 for 21 consecutive days every 4 weeks for three courses versus no further therapy until progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From September 1993 to June 1998, 233 patients were entered and treated with VIP with 144 non-progressing patients subsequently randomized to oral etoposide (n = 72) or observation (n = 72). Minimum follow up for all patients is 2 years. Toxicity with oral etoposide was mild. There was an improvement in median PFS favoring the maintenance arm of 8.23 versus 6.5 months (P = 0.0018). There was a trend towards an improvement in median (12.2 versus 11.2 months), 1-year (51.4% versus 40.3%), 2-year (16.7% versus 6.9%) and 3-year (9.1% versus 1.9%) survival (P = 0.0704) favoring the maintenance arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three months of oral etoposide in non-progressing patients with extensive SCLC was associated with a significant improvement in PFS and a trend towards improved overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA. nhanna@iupui.edu
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sandier
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Loehrer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide