title: A dose-ranging study of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor, ximelagatran, and its subcutaneous form, melagatran, compared with dalteparin in the prophylaxis of thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement: METHRO I. MElagatran for THRombin inhibition in Orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: The novel, oral direct thrombin inhibitor, ximelagatran (formerly H 376/95), represents an advance in antithrombotic therapy through its oral availability. After oral administration, ximelagatran is converted to its active form, melagatran. Melagatran can also be administered subcutaneously (s.c.). The results from the first clinical study with ximelagatran are reported. In this randomized, parallel-group, controlled study, 103 patients scheduled for elective total hip or total knee replacement received s.c. melagatran (1, 2 or 4 mg bid) for 2 days commencing immediately before surgery, followed by oral ximelagatran (6, 12 or 24 mg bid) for 6-9 days. Another 33 patients received dalteparin 5000 IU s.c. once daily, started the evening before surgery, for 8-11 days. At bilateral venography, deep vein thrombosis was found in 20.5% (16/78) of patients who had received s.c. melagatran and oral ximelagatran and in 18.5% (5/27) of patients in the dalteparin group. The study did not evaluate a dose-response for efficacy, and no differences between the three dose levels of melagatran and ximelagatran were shown. No pulmonary embolism was diagnosed during treatment. Total bleeding in the s.c. melagatran plus oral ximelagatran groups showed no dose-response and was similar to that seen in the dalteparin group. The pharmacokinetic properties of melagatran in the surgery patients were consistent with those observed for healthy subjects, and the APTT ratio, which increased non-linearly with plasma melagatran concentration, showed a consistent concentration-effect relationship during the treatment period. Ximelagatran and melagatran were well tolerated. In conclusion, ximelagatran and its active form melagatran appear to be promising agents for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following orthopaedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden. b.eriksson@orthop.gu.se
authors.forename: Bengt I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Ann-Christin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Arfwidsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frison
authors.forename: Ulf G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bylock
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kälebo
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fager
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D001384:Azetidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001596:Benzylamines; D017985:Dalteparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012449:Safety; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D011355:Prodrugs; C109573:melagatran; C426686:ximelagatran; D013917:Thrombin; D017985:Dalteparin; D005998:Glycine