title: Induction of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell reactivity by dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 X4-infected apoptotic cells.
abstract: T-cell responses to X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are considered important in controlling progression of HIV-1 infection. We investigated the ability of dendritic cells (DC) and various forms of HIV-1 X4 antigen to induce anti-HIV-1 T-cell responses in autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected persons. Immature DC loaded with HIV-1 IIIB-infected, autologous, apoptotic CD8(-) cells and matured with CD40 ligand induced gamma interferon production in autologous CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. In contrast, mature DC loaded with HIV-1 IIIB-infected, necrotic cells or directly infected with cell-free HIV-1 IIIB were poorly immunogenic. Thus, HIV-1-infected cells undergoing apoptosis serve as a rich source of X4 antigen for CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells by DC. This may be an important mechanism of HIV-1 immunogenicity and provides a strategy for immunotherapy of HIV-1-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Phalguni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Luann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borowski
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Elaine K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D015488:HIV Antigens