title: Comparison of citalopram, perphenazine, and placebo for the acute treatment of psychosis and behavioral disturbances in hospitalized, demented patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Until recently, conventional antipsychotics were the standard pharmacotherapy for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the acute efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and the neuroleptic perphenazine with placebo for the treatment of psychosis and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed patients with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five hospitalized patients with at least one moderate to severe target symptom (aggression, agitation, hostility, suspiciousness, hallucinations, or delusions) were randomly assigned to receive either citalopram, perphenazine, or placebo under double-blind conditions for up to 17 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients treated with citalopram or perphenazine showed statistically significant improvement on several Neurobehavioral Rating Scale factor scores. Compared to those receiving placebo, only patients treated with citalopram showed significantly greater improvement in their total Neurobehavioral Rating Scale score as well as in the scores for the agitation/aggression and lability/tension factors. Side effect scores were similar among the three treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Citalopram was found to be more efficacious than placebo in the short-term hospital treatment of psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed, demented patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA. pollockbg@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Benoit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.forename: Jules
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: Sati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazumdar
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Kari B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kastango
authors.forename: Marci L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000077265:Donepezil; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010546:Perphenazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015283:Citalopram; D000077265:Donepezil; D007189:Indans; D010546:Perphenazine; D010880:Piperidines; D010919:Placebos; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors