title: Superparamagnetic iron oxide-mediated hepatic signal intensity change in patients with and without cirrhosis: pulse sequence effects and Kupffer cell function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-mediated hepatic signal intensity change in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver and to investigate the relationship between pulse sequence effects in SPIO-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for hepatic cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with and 12 patients without cirrhosis underwent T2-weighted fast spin-echo, T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GRE), and T1-weighted GRE MR imaging before and twice (early and late phase) after SPIO administration. To assess the effect of SPIO, postcontrast relative signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) changes were statistically analyzed with repeated measurements analysis of variance for each pulse sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No interaction was shown between groups and data time points for any pulse sequence. There was no significant difference in mean hepatic relative SNR change on T2-weighted fast spin-echo images between the cirrhotic group and noncirrhotic group (-38.6% and -40.7%, early phase; -42.2% and -49.6%, late phase, respectively). For GRE images, statistically significant differences in mean hepatic relative SNR change were found between the cirrhotic group and noncirrhotic group (-14.2% and -44.5%, early phase; -28.5% and -56.4%, late phase on T2*-weighted GRE images (P <.001); 31.8% and 12.9%, early phase; 23.8% and 2.2%, late phase on T1-weighted GRE images (P <.05), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased overall phagocytic activity in cirrhotic liver is more likely due to Kupffer cell dysfunction than to Kupffer cell depletion, since magnetic susceptibility effects on T2*-weighted GRE images depend on intracellular SPIO cluster size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. tanimoto@t3.rim.or.jp
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinmoto
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jinzaki
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Sachio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010087:Oxides; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide