title: Dose-effect relationship for several coagulation markers during administration of the direct thrombin inhibitor S 18326 in healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a phase I placebo-controlled trial with two i.v. doses (0.5 mg h-1 and 3 mg h-1) of S 18326, a selective thrombin inhibitor that interacts with the catalytic site of thrombin, with the aim to study the relationships between increasing plasma levels of S 18326 and changes in coagulation tests and thrombin generation markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six healthy male volunteers were divided into three groups. In each group, 10 volunteers were randomly assigned to receive S 18326 and two to receive a placebo. Following a bolus of 4.5 mg, doses were 0.5 mg h-1 in the first group and 3 mg h-1 in the two other groups, administered as an i.v. infusion for 24 h. Blood was drawn repeatedly up to 36 h after the bolus, and tested for the activated clotting time (ACT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The APTT reagent was chosen among five commercial reagents to yield a linear increase in the clotting time among possible therapeutic S 18326 concentrations in vitro. To accurately measure the thrombin-inhibiting effects of low doses of S 18326 (< 0.5 microm), we developed a specific chromogenic assay. We also measured F1 + 2 prothrombin fragment levels to assess the effect of S 18326 on thrombin generation in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was fitted to the S 18326 plasma concentration vs time data by using population pharmacokinetic methods. Results of the pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic relationships showed that both the ACT and APTT methods yielded a linear increase according to the S 18326 concentration measured using a highly sensitive analytical method. At the end of infusion, ACT was prolonged 1.20 and 1.95-fold in the 0.5 mg h-1 and the 3 mg h-1 groups, respectively, and APTT was prolonged 1.27 and 2.75-fold. Thrombin inhibition plateaued above 0.5 microm of S 18326 according to an Emax model, confirming that the test was highly sensitive. F1 + 2 levels fell significantly after the 24 h S 18326 infusion (0.83 nm to 0.6 nm and 0.80 nm to 0.44 nm in the 0.5 mg h-1 and the 3 mg h-1 groups, respectively), but remained stable after the placebo infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support specific monitoring of the thrombin inhibitor S 18326 with ACT and APTT to establish the safety range of the drug in further studies. Moreover, the fall in F1 + 2 prothrombin fragments suggests that S 18326 effectively reduces the retroactivation of factors V and VIII by thrombin.
authors.affiliation: Unité INSERM 428, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris V, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. pascale.gaussem@egp.ap-hop.paris.fr
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaussem
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: le Bonniec
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Richard-Lordereau
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jochemsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aiach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001896:Boron Compounds; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109574:S 18326; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D011516:Prothrombin; D013917:Thrombin