Sex hormones and hypertension.
Gender has an important influence on blood pressure, with premenopausal women having a lower arterial blood pressure than age-matched men. Compared with premenopausal women, postmenopausal women have higher blood pressures, suggesting that ovarian hormones may modulate blood pressure. However, whether sex hormones are responsible for the observed gender-associated differences in arterial blood pressure and whether ovarian hormones account for differences in blood pressure in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women remains unclear. In this review, we provide a discussion of the potential blood pressure regulating effects of female and male sex hormones, as well as the cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which sex hormones may modify the effects of hypertension on the cardiovascular system.
Dubey
Raghvendra K
RK
Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. rag@fhk.usz.ch
Oparil
Suzanne
S
Imthurn
Bruno
B
Jackson
Edwin K
EK
D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology; D012723:Sex; D013739:Testosterone / Q000502:physiology
D002395:Catecholamines; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol