title: [Introduction of health administrations at the end of the Qing dynasty].
abstract: During the new policy and reform of constitutionality from 1901 to 1911 at the end of the Qing dynasty, there were the contents of health administrations. A special independent organization was affiliated to the Ministries of Police and Civil Administration. The central health administration refers to the Health Section of Police, which was promoted to a Department after the Police Ministry changed to Civil Administration, including three sections: health, quarantine and arts of necromancy, astrology, and medicine. The duties of these three sections included checking the establishment of medical schools, testing doctors, administrating cleaning streets and epidemic prevention, examining and approving health rules. A Health Department was set up by the police headquarters of inner and external city in the capital, and health section was set up by police of each province. There was a police head in government of county to charge the health works. It was the first health administration in the bureaucracy system in China, and the beginning of learning from the west and modernization on health administration.
authors.affiliation: China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D049673:History, 20th Century; D011635:Public Health Administration / Q000266:history*