title: Measuring gelatinase activity in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gelatinases (MMP-2, -9) are the most extensively studied MMPs in cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the levels of active and latent forms of the gelatinases in paired colorectal tumour and normal tissue ( n=77) and correlate these with pathological stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gelatinase levels were compared following the techniques of gelatin zymography (active and latent) and the novel gelatinase activity assays (total and endogenous/active).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both latent and active MMP-2 and MMP-9 lysis bands (zymography) and both total (active and latent) MMP-9 and endogenous (active) MMP-9 and MMP-2 levels (activity assays) were greater in tumour than normal colorectal tissue. Total MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels as determined by activity assays correlated with both the Dukes staging (e.g. total MMP-9 in tumours: adenoma, 1.0 (0.3--3.6); Dukes A, 9.6 (2.4--35.4); Dukes B, 14.7 (1.5--103.9); Dukes C, 22.3 (2.2--57.9) and Dukes D, 37.4 (2.1--47.0) ng/mg protein) and with lymphatic invasion (e.g. total MMP-9; in tumours which had undergone lymphatic invasion, 22.7 (2.1--57.9) and those with no lymphatic invasion, 14.0 (1.5--103.9) ng/mg protein).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both gelatinases were upregulated in tumour tissue, however total and not endogenous active levels correlated with the pathological stage of the tumour. Therefore gelatinases may only be activated when required for tumour invasion and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Professional Unit of Surgery, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK. drlizbaker@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leaper
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis
chemical_list: D018093:Gelatinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9