title: The effects of urapidil on thermoregulatory thresholds in volunteers.
abstract: In a previous study we have shown that the antihypertensive drug, urapidil, stops postanesthetic shivering. One possible mechanism in the inhibition of postanesthetic shivering by urapidil may be alterations in thermoregulatory thresholds. We therefore studied the effects of urapidil on vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds during cold-induced shivering in volunteers. Seven healthy male volunteers were cooled by an infusion of saline at 4 degrees C on two study days separated by 48 h. Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction was estimated using forearm minus fingertip skin-temperature gradients, and values exceeding 0 degrees C were considered to represent significant vasoconstriction. The rectal core temperatures at the beginning of shivering and at vasoconstriction were considered the thermoregulatory thresholds. Before cooling, either 25 mg of urapidil or placebo was administered randomly and blindly to each volunteer. When shivering occurred continuously for 10 min, another 25 mg of urapidil was administered IV to completely stop shivering. Urapidil led to a decrease in core temperature at vasoconstriction and shivering threshold by 0.4 degrees C plus/minus 0.2 degrees C (P < 0.001) and 0.5 degrees C plus/minus 0.3 degrees C (P < 0.01), respectively. Oxygen consumption increased during shivering by 70% plus/minus 30% (P < 0.01) in comparison with baseline and decreased levels after shivering stopped, despite the continued low core temperature. Our investigation shows that urapidil stops postanesthetic shivering by decreasing important thermoregulatory thresholds. This means that shivering, not hypothermia, is treated, and hypothermia will need more attention in the postanesthesia care unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we show that the antihypertensive drug urapidil stops cold-induced shivering and decreases normal thermoregulatory responses, i.e., the thresholds for vasoconstriction and shivering, in awake volunteers.
authors.affiliation: Klinik fuer Anaesthesiologie und Intensivtherapie Klinikum and Apotheke des Klinikums, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany. harald.fritz@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Harald G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Hansjoerg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Waheedullah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karzai
authors.forename: Konrad R G
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Schwarzkopf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012768:Shivering / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010879:Piperazines; C015568:urapidil