title: Route of administration of chimeric BPV1 VLP determines the character of the induced immune responses.
abstract: To examine the mucosal immune response to papillomavirus virus-like particles (PV-VLP), mice were immunized with VLP intrarectally (i.r.), intravaginally (i.va.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) without adjuvant. PV-VLP were assembled with chimeric BPV-1 L1 proteins incorporating sequence from HIV-1 gp120, either the V3 loop or a shorter peptide incorporating a known CTL epitope (HIVP18I10). Antibody specific for BPV-1 VLP and P18 peptide was detected in serum following i.m., but not i.r. or i.va. immunization. Denatured VLP induced a much reduced immune response when compared with native VLP. Immune responses following mucosal administration of VLP were generally weaker than following systemic administration. VLP specific IgA was higher in intestine washes following i.r. than i.va. immunization, and higher in vaginal washes following i.m. than i.r. or i.va. immunization. No differences in specific antibody responses were seen between animals immunized with BPV-1 P18 VLP or with BPV-1 V3 VLP. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors specific for the P18 CTL epitope were recovered from the spleen following i.m., i.va. or i.r. immunization with P18 VLP, and were similarly detected in Peyer's patches following i.m. or i.r. immunization. Thus, mucosal or systemic immunization with PV VLP induces mucosal CTL responses and this may be important for vaccines for mucosal infection with human papillomaviruses and for other viruses.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research,University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiao Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kong Nan
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yue Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leggatt
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Frazer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002213:Capsid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002417:Cattle; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007267:Injections; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); C085217:L1 protein, Bovine papillomavirus; D010446:Peptide Fragments