title: [A study of cytokines in pathogenesis of thyroid-related immune orbitopathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the pathogenesis of thyroid-related immune orbitopathy (TRIO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human orbital fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and immunohistochemical techniques were used to study cytokines that induce effect on HLA-II antigen expression of orbital fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is shown that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) could induce the expression of orbital fibroblast HLA-II antigens. The induced effect of IFN-gamma is of good linear correlations with time and concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HLA-II antigen expression can be induced by IFN-gamma, IL-1 and TNF. In the course of immune reaction and pathogenesis of TRIO, cytokines play important roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma