title: Cytotoxicity of precious and nonprecious alloys--experimental comparison of in vitro data from two laboratories.
abstract: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the reproducibility of cytotoxicity data generated in two different laboratories using the same testing protocols. A series of dental alloys that are widely used in both countries were chosen. These alloys (five precious, two nonprecious) were wet ground up to 1200 grit SiC, sterilized in 70% ethanol, and extracted in sterile culture medium for 7 days. Pure copper was used as a positive control and Teflonreg and media only were used as negative controls. Test and control samples were randomized and blinded to each laboratory. Cells, primary human gingival fibroblasts, and immortalized 3T3 fibroblasts, were exposed to the extracts for 24 h. Extract cytotoxicity was evaluated spectrophotometrically with the use of a mitochondrial enzyme activity assay. Data were collected from both laboratories, combined, and subjected to a mixed-model analysis of variance. No statistical difference was obtained for the immortalized 3T3 cells, except for two extracts in which differences between the two labs were significant but were still not cytotoxic. Furthermore, no statistical differences were found for the primary cells. These data strongly suggest that cytotoxicity tests performed in different laboratories with the use of the same test materials may lead to comparable results if sample preparation, cells, test procedures, and data analyses are carefully considered.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Program, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA. jbumgard@abe.msstate.edu
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bumgardner
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Geurtsen
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leyhausen
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000497:Alloys / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D016923:Cell Death; D005347:Fibroblasts; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000592:standards*; D051379:Mice; D015588:Observer Variation; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide