title: Effects of alpha 4/beta 2- and alpha 7-nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonists on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in rats and mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nicotine and agonists at subtypes of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) affect auditory gating, but the magnitude and direction of such effects appear highly variable. This variability may be due to differences in the tested dose range, selectivity of the test compound, species and strain, and suggests that nAChR subtypes are differentially involved in the control of auditory gating.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to characterise the effects of nicotine and agonists with preferential activity at alpha4/beta2- and alpha7-nAChRs on auditory sensorimotor gating using a prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm. Similar experimental conditions were employed in rats and two strains of mice. The paradigm used startle stimuli of 120 dB and prepulse intensities of 3, 6 and 12 dB above a background of 70 dB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Sprague-Dawley rats, nicotine disrupted PPI [minimal effective dose (MED): 1 mg/kg, SC] and this effect was mimicked by the potent nAChR agonist, epibatidine, (MED: < or = 0.001 mg/kg, IP) and the potent, and relatively selective, alpha4/beta2-nAChR agonist A-85380 (MED: < or = 0.1 mg/kg, IP). The effects of epibatidine, A-85380 and, to a lesser extent, nicotine were blocked by the non-selective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. The relatively selective alpha7-nAChR agonists, GTS-21 and AR-R-17779, did not affect PPI in a consistent manner, both in rats and in DBA/2 mice, a strain expressing a disrupted gating phenotype, presumably due to altered activity of hippocampal alpha7-nAChRs. In BALB/c mice, a strain expressing a normal gating phenotype, nicotine (MED: 10 mg/kg, SC), epibatidine (MED: 0.03 mg/kg, IP) and A-85380 (MED: 0.3 mg/kg, IP) predominantly augmented PPI and mecamylamine attenuated these effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results confirm that the effects of nAChR agonists on PPI are species dependent and suggest that stimulation of heteromeric nAChRs containing both alpha and beta subunits, and possibly of the alpha4/beta2 type, affect sensorimotor gating. Evidence supporting a role for alpha7-nAChRs in the control of PPI of the acoustic startle response was not obtained.
authors.affiliation: CNS Research, Bayer-AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany. rudy.schreiber.rs1@bayer-ag.de
authors.forename: Rudy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalmus
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Vry
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: C579166:Chrna7 protein, mouse; C579165:Chrna7 protein, rat; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; C403531:nicotinic receptor alpha4beta2; D009538:Nicotine