title: Effects of rotational side preferences on immobile behavior of normal mice in the forced swimming test.
abstract: It has been suggested that side preferences in spontaneous rotational behavior are determinant of differences in vulnerability to the effects of the learned helplessness paradigm. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of side preferences of rotational behavior in another animal model of depression, the forced swimming test. Immobility was also investigated upon repeated testing sessions and in interaction with sex. Swiss mice (69 males and 73 females) were submitted to three sessions (test time = 5 min) of forced swimming. Immobile and turning behaviors were measured for each session and within each testing session. Consistency of laterality was defined considering the persistence of the same side turning preference in the three sessions. In general, there was an increase in immobility as test progressed and upon repeated testing sessions. Marked interindividual differences in mice immobile behavior were observed when consistency of laterality was considered. Consistent-right-turners presented greater immobility in the first session and better test-retest reliability, indicating that for this group, the adoption of immobile behavior was faster and more reliable over time. Immobility was higher for side-consistent males than for side-consistent females in the first session. This difference became even greater when consistent-right-turner males were compared to consistent-left-turner females. These results reinforce the idea that side preferences of spontaneous rotational behavior may account for interindividual differences in animal models of depression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia e Avaliação Neurocomportamental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil. tkrahe@usa.net
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Krahe
authors.forename: Claudio C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Filgueiras
authors.forename: Sergio L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003863:Depression; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011187:Posture; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012399:Rotation; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013550:Swimming