title: Timing of insurance coverage and use of prenatal care among low-income women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relationship between timing of insurance coverage and prenatal care among low-income women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timeliness of prenatal care initiation and adequacy of number of visits were studied among 5455 low-income participants in a larger cross-sectional statewide survey of postpartum women in California during 1994-1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although only 2% of women remained uninsured throughout pregnancy, one fifth lacked coverage during the first trimester. Rates of untimely care were highest (> or =64%) among women who were uninsured throughout their pregnancy or whose coverage began after the first trimester; rates were lowest (about 10%) among women who obtained coverage during the first trimester. Women who first obtained Medi-Cal coverage during pregnancy were at low risk of having too few visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Timing of prenatal coverage should be considered in research on the relationship between coverage and care use among low-income women. Earlier studies that relied solely on principal payer information, without data on when coverage began, may have led to inaccurate inferences about lack of coverage as a barrier to prenatal care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Box 0900, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. hubbell@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egerter
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Braveman
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004608:Eligibility Determination / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008484:Medicaid / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013221:State Health Plans / Q000191:economics; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States