title: Ceramide and sphingosine rapidly induce apoptosis of murine mast cells supported by interleukin-3 and stem cell factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ceramide and sphingosine, generated by sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, which packs tightly in the bilayer of the plasma membrane, have been proposed as intracellular mediators of apoptotic signals. However, precise function of endogenous sphingomyelin-cycle metabolites in mast cells has been unclear. Thus, we sought to define the involvement of ceramide and sphingosine in apoptotic pathways of mast cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of cell-permeable C(2)-ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingomyelinase on survival of murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMC) supported by recombinant interleukin-3 (rIL-3) and/or recombinant stem cell factor (rSCF). Downstream signaling pathways of C(2)-ceramide and sphingosine were analyzed by using caspase inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C(2)-ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingomyelinase induced apoptosis in BMCMC in the presence of rIL-3 and/or rSCF, and Z-VAD-fmk (a broad caspase inhibitor), Z-DEVD-fmk (a caspase 3 inhibitor), and Z-IETD-fmk (a caspase 8 inhibitor) partially prevented apoptosis of BMCMC induced by C(2)-ceramide but not sphingosine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that ceramide and sphingosine may function as intracellular mediators of apoptotic signals in mast cells, which override survival signals from IL-3 and SCF. In addition, caspases may be partially involved in ceramide- but not sphingosine-mediated apoptosis of mast cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aioi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tonogaito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D037341:Fumonisins; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D037341:Fumonisins; D007377:Interleukin-3; C064769:N-acetylsphingosine; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; C056933:fumonisin B1; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; D020169:Caspases; D013110:Sphingosine