title: Influence of HLA polymorphism on persistent remission in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have reported an association between the presence of the shared epitope (SE) and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have shown that certain HLA-DRB1 alleles in combination with predisposing DQB1 and DQA1 alleles may protect against the development of RA. This model is known as the rheumatoid arthritis protection (RAP) hypothesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the distribution of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1/DQA1 alleles in a cohort of patients with RA in remission and to determine the association between these HLA alleles and the persistence of remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 typings were performed in 167 patients with RA in remission, defined according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. The disease course, as defined by the persistence of remission during a follow up of two years, was compared between subgroups. According to the RAP hypothesis patients were divided into three subgroups: patients carrying predisposing DQ alleles, patients carrying predisposing alleles in combination with protective alleles (DQ(RA+)/DERAA phenotype), and patients lacking the predisposing alleles. According to the SE hypothesis, patients were divided into three subgroups based on whether they were carrying two, one, or no predisposing alleles (SE alleles).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Predisposing DQ alleles along with a DERAA-bearing allele were present in 14 (8%) of the 167 patients. At least one SE allele was present in 116 (69%) patients; 34 of them (20%) were carrying two copies. The disease course was not significantly different between the subgroups according to the SE and RAP hypothesis, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of DQ(RA+)/DERAA combinations and of SE alleles in patients with RA clinically in remission was similar to that found in other RA populations. Persistent remission of RA was not associated with any particular HLA subtypes, indicating that HLA typing is not useful for predicting persistent clinical remission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E T H
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Voskuyl
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: van der Horst-Bruinsma
authors.forename: G M Th
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zanelli
authors.forename: B A C
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dijkmans
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains