title: The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary detection time of etamiphylline in camels after intramuscular administration.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of etamiphylline were determined after an intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight in six healthy camels. Furthermore, the metabolites and drug detection time were evaluated. The data obtained median and (range) were as follows: the terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta), h) was 3.04 (2.03-3.62); apparent total body clearance (Cl/F, L/h/kg) was 1.27 (0.74-2.99); the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)/F, L/kg) was 4.94 (3.57-12.54); and renal clearance (Cl(r), L/h/kg) determined in two camels was 0.005 and 0.004, respectively. The detection time of etamiphylline in urine after an i.m. dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight ranged between 12 and 13 days. Three etamiphylline metabolites were tentatively identified in camels urine: The first one desethyletamiphylline was the main metabolite and resulted from N-deethylation of etamiphylline had a molecular weight of 251, and was detected in urine for about 13-14 days. Theophylline (molecular weight 180) was the second metabolite and resulted from ring N-dealkylation of etamiphylline. It was present in small amounts and was detected for about 5 h after drug administration in urine. The third metabolite, possibly resulted from demethylation of etamiphylline, had a molecular weight of m/z 265, and was present in small amounts and was detected in urine for about 5 h after drug administration.
authors.affiliation: Camelracing Laboratory, Forensic Science Laboratory, PO Box 253, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ghazali@emirates.net.ae
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elghazali
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Wasfi
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al Katheeri
authors.forename: A A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hussein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D002162:Camelus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; C007635:etamiphylline; D013806:Theophylline