title: Development and survival of tyrosine hydroxylase containing neurons in RCS rat retinae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dopamine serves a variety of functions in the retina. Abnormalities of the retinal dopaminergic system have been described in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat as well as other models of retinal degeneration. Dopamine has been implicated in several retinal dysfunctions of retinitis pigmentosa. Dopaminergic amacrine cells respond to light by increasing their tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and the rate of dopamine turnover. This study has, therefore, examined the ontogenesis of TH containing cells in the RCS rat retina to assess whether progressive photoreceptor degeneration affects the development or survival of TH containing cells in any way.
  
  
  METHODS
  TH immunoreactivity in developing dystrophic RCS rat retinae (postnatal day (PN) 0, 3, 6, 14, 18, 26, 32, 56, 85, 91, 12 month and 15 month) and normal retina (PN day 0, 6, 14, 19, 26, 30, 33, 54 and adults) was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TH immunoreactivity in dystrophic retina closely resembled that in normal retina. In both groups, very faintly immunoreactive cells were detected in the proximal retina at PN 0. Immunoreactivity increased until PN 14, when faintly immunoreactive interplexiform (IP) fibers and fibers in the outer plexiform layer could be observed. In both groups, the IP connections reached their mature level of development at about PN 30. Thus the developmental expression of TH immunoreactive cells resembled that of non-dystrophic retina in both chronology as well as types of cells. These cells survived even in the advanced stages of degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the abnormalities in the dopaminergic system of the RCS retinae are not associated with abnormal ontogeny or survival of TH synthesizing cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden. rksharma@utmem.edu
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine