title: Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injections of an antigen-binding fragment of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed toward vascular endothelial growth factor (rhuFab VEGF) in a monkey model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
  
  
  METHODS
  In phase 1 of the study, each animal received intravitreal injections, 500 microg per eye, of rhuFab VEGF in one eye (prevention eye), while the contralateral eye received rhuFab VEGF vehicle (control eye) at 2-week intervals. On day 21, laser photocoagulation was performed to induce CNV. In phase 2, the vehicle-treated eye was crossed over and both eyes received 500 microg of rhuFab VEGF beginning 21 days following laser-induced injury at days 42 and 56. The eyes were monitored by ophthalmic examinations, color photographs, and fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rhuFab VEGF did not cause any ocular hemorrhages. All eyes treated with rhuFab VEGF developed acute anterior chamber inflammation within 24 hours of the first injection that resolved within 1 week, and this inflammation was less severe with subsequent injections. The incidence of CNV, defined angiographically, was significantly lower in the prevention eyes than the control eyes (P<.001). Subsequent treatments were associated with less leakage in eyes with established CNV that were crossed over from the control eyes to the treatment eyes (P =.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal rhuFab VEGF injections prevented formation of clinically significant CNV in cynomolgus monkeys and decreased leakage of already formed CNV with no significant toxic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the nonclinical proof of principle for ongoing clinical studies of intravitreally injected rhuFab VEGF in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114, USA. jwmiller@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Magdalena G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Krzystolik
authors.forename: Mehran A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Afshari
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Adamis
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaudreault
authors.forename: Evangelos S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gragoudas
authors.forename: Norman A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Joan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000276:immunology*; D007267:Injections; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000276:immunology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012449:Safety; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D008222:Lymphokines; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors