title: Increased resistance of mice to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection by synbiotic administration of Bifidobacteria and transgalactosylated oligosaccharides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anti-infectious activity of Bifidobacteria in combination with transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (TOS) against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT-2 in an opportunistic antibiotic-induced murine infection model in mice was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B. breve (strain Yakult) with natural resistance to streptomycin sulphate (SM, MIC: > 4 mg ml(-1)), when given daily at a dose of 108 cfu/mouse orally under SM treatment was constantly excreted at 10(10) cfu g(-1) faeces so long as SM was administered, even at 2 weeks after discontinuing administration of B. breve. Explosive intestinal growth and subsequent extra-intestinal translocation of orally infected LT-2 under SM treatment were inhibited by B. breve colonization, and this anti-infectious activity was strengthened by synbiotic administration of TOS with B. breve. Comparison of anti-Salmonella activity among several Bifidobacterium strains with natural resistance to SM revealed that strains such as B. bifidum ATCC 15696 and B. catenulatum ATCC 27539T conferred no activity, even when they reached high population levels similar those of effective strains such as strain Yakult and B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439. Both the increase in the concentration of organic acids and the lowered pH in the intestine due to bifidobacterial colonization correlated with the anti-infectious activity. Moreover, the crude cecal extract of B. breve-colonized mice exerted growth-inhibitory activity against LT-2 in vitro, whereas that of the ineffective B. bifidum-colonized cecum showed much lower activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal colonization by bifidobacteria given exogenously together with TOS during antibiotic treatment prevents the antibiotic-induced disruption of colonization resistance to oral infection with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and the metabolic activity needed to produce organic acids and lower the intestinal pH is important in the anti-infectious activity of synbiotics against enteric infection with Salmonella.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that certain bifidobacteria together with prebiotics may be used for the prophylaxis against opportunistic intestinal infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan. takashi-asahara@yakult.co.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanuki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000382:microbiology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D013307:Streptomycin