title: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, losartan, causes regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in end-stage renal disease.
abstract: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) antagonists may be able to reverse LVH independent to the hypotensive effect in the ESRD setting. Thirty chronically hemodialyzed uremic patients with hypertension were randomly assigned to receive the AT1-R antagonist losartan (n = 10), the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACD) inhibitor enalapril (n = 10), or calcium antagonist amlodipine (n = 10). Left ventricular mass (LVM) index was measured by echocardiography before and 6 months after treatment. The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics did not differ between the three groups. The mean baseline LVM index also did not differ in the three groups. After 6 months of treatment, losartan treatment significantly reduced the LVM index (-24.7 +/- 3.2%) than amlodipine (-10.5 +/- 5.2%) or enalapril (-11.2 +/- 4.1%) therapy. All three groups had a similar decrease in the mean blood pressure with treatment. The plasma angiotensin II concentration increased 5-fold with losartan treatment. In contrast, the plasma angiotension II concentration did not change with enalapril and only increased 2-fold with amlodipine. Thus, the present study indicates that losartan more effectively regresses LVH in patients with ESRD than do enalapril and amlodipine despite a comparable depressor effect between the three drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunoba
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiue
authors.forename: Mitsushige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Toshiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004452:Echocardiography; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D017311:Amlodipine; D004656:Enalapril; D019808:Losartan