title: [Gender and relation of life-style to morale in older people living in regional cities].
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the morale of older people living in 7 cities (and towns), using the PGC morale scale, from the relationship between morale score and life-style. Data were collected from 1,269 people aged 60 or more in the community (619 males and 650 females) in cities (and towns). A questionnaire included the PGC morale scale and 14 life-style factors. There was no remarkable gender difference in the morale score. The relationship between morale and life-style were different in both sexes and higher in males. Female morale when living with a husband is generally high. It is important for females to have a husband. In the relationship between economics and morale, economic satisfaction was considered to be more important than the level of income. Eating regularly, participating as a volunteer and having a best friend are related to morale, but factors of job, smoking, drinking and sports enforcement-frequency are not. It is considered that there is no significant gender difference, but the relationship between morale and life-style in older people living in cities (towns) are different in both sexes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan. demura@ed.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demura
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009013:Morale; D012737:Sex Factors; D014505:Urban Population