title: In situ forming lactic acid based orthopaedic biomaterials: influence of oligomer chemistry on osteoblast attachment and function.
abstract: The ability of osteoblasts to attach and function normally on scaffolds fabricated from synthetic materials is essential for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. In this study, the osteoconductivity of polymer networks formed from multifunctional lactic acid oligomers was assessed. These oligomers form highly crosslinked networks via a photoinitiated polymerization, which provides potential advantages for many orthopaedic applications. Depending on the initial oligomer chemistry and the resultant polymer hydrophobicity, protein adsorption and osteoblast function varied significantly between the various lactic acid based polymer chemistries. Results were compared to control polymers of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and 50:50 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The viability of osteoblasts attached to poly(2EG10LA) and poly(2EG6LA) was close to the TCPS and PLGA after 7 and 14 days of culture, whereas cell viability was approximately 50% lower on poly(8EG6LA). Additionally, the alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of attached osteoblasts were similar on poly(2EG10LA) and PLGA, whereas these markers of bone formation were significantly lower for poly(2EG6LA) and poly(8EG6LA). For example, the alkaline phosphatase activity of rat calvarial osteoblasts attached to poly(2EG10LA) was 0.048 +/- 0.006 micromol mg(-1) protein-min, but only 0.030 +/- 0.003 micromol mg(-1) protein-min for osteoblasts attached to poly(8EG6LA) after 14 days of culture. Finally, osteoblasts were seeded onto three-dimensional scaffolds to demonstrate the applicability of the scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University, of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0424, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burdick
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Anseth
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D013388:Succinimides / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D011108:Polymers; D011137:Polystyrenes; D013388:Succinimides; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; C049563:N-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)succinimide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase