title: Glypican-3 expression in Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. When it is disrupted, it causes the X-linked gigantism-overgrowth Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. Its involvement in growth control is consistent with recent reports that it can bind to growth factors, possibly including insulin-like growth factor 2. Further, it has been hypothesized that it may function as a tumor suppressor gene in breast and ovarian carcinomas and mesotheliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA and protein were extracted from Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma tissue samples and GPC3 levels were measured in these extracts by Northern blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to published results with carcinomas, high levels of GPC3 expression were found in Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma. Low or undetectable expressions of this gene were found in normal tissue surrounding the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased expression of GPC3 in Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma suggests a growth-promoting or neutral activity for this gene product rather than a growth-suppressive effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Baltimore VA Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Toretsky
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Zitomersky
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Eskenazi
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlessinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D053673:Glypicans; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D053673:Glypicans; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm