title: Of layers and spheres: the reaggregate approach in tissue engineering.
abstract: The reaggregate approach involves the regeneration of histotypical three-dimensional spheres from dispersed cells of a given tissue in suspension culture. Reaggregated spheres are used as tumour, genetic, toxicological, biohybrid and neurosphere models, and often replace animal experimentation. A particularly instructive example is the use of reaggregation to regenerate complete laminar tissue from avian embryonic retina. By revealing constraints of layered tissue formation, such retinal spheres could be instrumental for regenerative medicine, including stem cell-based tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Darmstadt University of Technology, Faculty of Biology, Developmental Biology & Neurogenetics, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. layer@bio.tu-darmstadt.de
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Layer
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robitzki
authors.forename: Andrée
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothermel
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Willbold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends