title: Improving the health of infants on Medicaid by collocating special supplemental nutrition clinics with managed care provider sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested whether collocation of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics at managed care provider sites improved health care for infants enrolled in Medicaid and WIC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weights and immunization rates were studied for the 1997 birth cohort of African American infants enrolled in WIC and Medicaid in Detroit, Mich. Infants using traditional WIC clinics and health services were compared with those enrolled under Medicaid in 2 managed care organizations (MCOs), of whom about half obtained WIC services at MCO provider sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with other infants, those who used collocated WIC sites either were closer to their age-appropriate weight or had higher immunization rates when recertified by WIC after their first birthday. Specific benefits (weight gain or immunizations) varied according to the priorities at the collocated sites operated by the 2 MCOs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collocation of WIC clinics at MCO sites can improve health care of low-income infants. However specific procedures for cooperation between WIC staff and other MCO staff are required to achieve this benefit.
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. apkenda@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kendal
authors.forename: Alwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Fujie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Loretta J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hogue
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D008484:Medicaid / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D008824:Michigan; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011203:Poverty; D011635:Public Health Administration; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000379:methods*; D015430:Weight Gain