title: Clinical status and implications of antimalarial drug resistance.
abstract: Africa carries the greatest burden of disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum, and we can expect this burden to rise in the near future, mainly because of drug resistance. Although effective drugs are available (such as artemether-lumefantrine, mefloquine, atovaquone-proguanil and halofantrine) they are uniformly too expensive for routine use. Affordable options include chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), amodiaquine (alone or in combination with SP) and chlorproguanil-dapsone. Artemisinin combination therapy may offer considerable advantages over alternative therapies, but its introduction faces considerable logistic difficulty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, Liverpool, UK. peterwin@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Winstanley
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Snow
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009033:Culicidae; D004199:Disease Vectors; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials