title: Effects of the 1994 Canadian Cardiovascular Society clinical practice guidelines for congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1994, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) issued practice guidelines for the management of congestive heart failure (CHF), which strongly recommended the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare a strategy of active implementation of the CCS guidelines for CHF with the usual passive approach on the use of ACE inhibitors in hospitalized patients with CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in eight Canadian hospitals close to the time of release of the CCS guidelines for CHF in the summer of 1994. The patients comprised those who were admitted to the participating hospitals with a diagnosis of CHF during the study period. Active dissemination included stakeholder development of pocket cards outlining an algorithm for the management of CHF based on the CCS guidelines and was conducted at the two Edmonton, Alberta hospitals. The cards were widely disseminated in conjunction with a series of workshops and presentations. Passive dissemination occurred at six other hospitals, and involved only the distribution of the CCS guidelines in the usual fashion (with no structured dissemination program). The primary outcome measured was the use of ACE inhibitors in the six- to 12-month period before the release of the CCS guidelines, compared with after the release in the active and passive groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the active group, hospital records of 1170 patients with CHF were reviewed before, and 1279 were reviewed after, the release of the CCS guidelines. In the passive group, 3436 were reviewed before, and 1912 were reviewed after the release of the guidelines. ACE inhibitor use did not change significantly in the active group (52.4% before versus 50.9% after) or in the passive group (53.4% before versus 56.5% after).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither the active nor passive approaches to the dissemination of the CCS guidelines for CHF had any impact on the use of ACE inhibitors in hospitalized patients with CHF. Further efforts to package, deliver and evaluate guidelines are needed.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Ross T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tsuyuki
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ackman
authors.forename: Terrence J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Montague
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002170:Canada; D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012955:Societies, Medical; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors