title: Are manual gestures, verbal descriptors and pain radiation as reported by patients reliable indicators of myocardial infarction? Preliminary findings and implications.
abstract: Patients experiencing an episode of acute chest pain need to be assessed promptly and effectively to ensure optimal management. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were specific aspects of patients' symptom reports which could be viewed as additional indicators of myocardial infarction (MI) and contribute to the assessment process. The sample consisted of 267 patients who presented with an episode of acute chest pain. Methods of data collection were based on, or modified from, previous studies which had investigated the use of manual gestures, choice of verbal descriptors and extent of pain radiation in patients with and without MI. To determine whether these variables were of significance in the diagnosis, the responses of those with (n = 118) and without MI (n = 149) were compared. The results suggest that it is currently impossible to draw any conclusions as to whether the variables studied can be judged as reliable indicators of MI. The findings indicate that there are some differences between the groups particularly in the language used. Moreover, women with MI characterized their symptoms through stronger emotive words such as 'worrying' (P = 0.014) 'frightening' and 'intolerable' and also differed from their male counterparts in their reports regarding pain radiation. Implications for practice and for research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. John.Albarran@uwe.ac.uk
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Albarran
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chappel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dwight
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gowers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D012660:Semantics; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014705:Verbal Behavior