title: Current outcome in patients with lung cancer and positive mediastinoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the contemporary treatment and outcome of patients with lung cancer and positive lymph nodes proven at mediastinoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1994 to 1999 a cervical mediastinoscopy was performed in 361 patients. Metastatic lymph nodes from a bronchogenic carcinoma were present in 81 patients; 71 were men. Mean age was 61.7 years. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were present in 26 patients each (32.1%), large cell carcinoma in 19 patients (23.4%), small cell carcinoma in six patients (7.4%) and other histologies in four patients (5%). Stage IIIA was found in 51 patients (69.9%), IIIB in 17 (23.3%) and IV in 5 (6.8%). Of eight patients no precise stage could be determined (9.9%). These patients were retrospectively reviewed. Survival time was analyzed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to determine significant factors in relation to survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four patients (54.3%) were treated by induction chemotherapy, of which 15 were operated on, 11 patients (13.6%) had chemotherapy only, 11 (13.6%) radiotherapy only, 3 (3.7%) combined chemo- and radiotherapy, 1 patient (1.2%) had an operation only, and 11 (13.6%) received palliative treatment. Follow-up was complete; 16 patients (19.8%) are alive and 65 (80.2%) died, mostly of local recurrence and metastases. Median survival time (MST) for all 81 patients was 12 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 10-14 months.]. MST for the 15 patients treated by induction chemotherapy + surgery was 27 months [95% CI 18-36 months] and for the 15 patients treated by induction chemotherapy + radiotherapy 15 months [95% CI 12-18 months]. The difference between these two subgroups was significant (p = 0.03). For the 11 patients who had palliative treatment MST was 6 months [95% CI 4-8 months]. The other subgroups had a MST of 10 months or less. In a multivariate Cox analysis only specific treatment (p = 0.0002) and stage (p = 0.02) were found to be significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcome of patients with lung cancer and positive mediastinoscopy remains poor. In this retrospective study best results were obtained by induction chemotherapy + surgery. An effort should be made to include as many of these patients as possible in neoadjuvant trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rooker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Schil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van den Brande
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Maeseneer
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000601:surgery*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000601:surgery; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008481:Mediastinoscopy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome