title: CD14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human THP-1 monocytes stimulated by Streptococcus suis capsular type 2.
abstract: Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important aetiologic agent of swine meningitis, and it has been highlighted as a cause of occupational disease leading to meningitis and fulminant sepsis in humans. The objective of the present work was to study the ability of S. suis type 2 to induce the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein one (MCP-1) by human monocytic THP-1 cells. The induction of these five cytokines was dose- and incubation time-dependent, and it was significantly enhanced by pre-treatment of cells with interferon gamma. IL-8 levels were markedly higher compared with those obtained with the other cytokines. However, elevated levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 were also observed. Levels of cytokine induced by heat-killed or live bacteria were similar. Pre-treatment of cells with anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies suggested that this important host receptor is partially implicated in TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 production, while CD14-independent pathways seem to be responsible for IL-8 production after S. suis stimulation. In addition, blocking studies with anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 antibodies revealed that these cytokines are involved in amplification of the S. suis-induced cytokine cascade. When several different S. suis strains of human or porcine origin were compared, a very heterogeneous pattern of cytokine production was observed. Human strains did not exhibit a clear tendency to induce higher cytokine release by human THP-1 monocytes. The synergistic effect of the up-regulation of cytokines during S. suis meningitis may mediate many of the inflammatory reactions, including the sequestration of leucocytes at the site of infection.
authors.affiliation: Université de Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vadeboncoeur
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013045:Species Specificity; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007378:Interleukins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma