title: Comparison of minimally invasive and modified Ravitch pectus excavatum repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) has gained wide acceptance during the last 4 years. This study compares, retrospectively, the experience at 2 large hospitals, 1 using MIRPE and the other a modified Ravitch repair (MRR).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2000, 68 PE patients underwent MIRPE at one hospital, and 139 underwent MRR at another hospital. Ages ranged from 5 to 19 years (mean, 12) for MIRPE, and 3 to 51 years (mean, 17.3) for MRR. The mean pectus severity index was 4.2 for MIRPE and 4.9 for MRR (normal, 2.5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no deaths after MIRPE or MRR. Complications included 6 reoperations for MIRPE and none for MRR. There were 8 rehospitalizations for MIRPE and none for MRR. Ninety percent of MIRPE complications occurred in the first 25 cases. The mean blood loss was under 90 mL for both MIRPE and MRR. Mean operating time was 75 minutes for MIRPE and 212 minutes for MRR. Ninety-six percent of MIRPE patients and no MRR patients had epidurals. Intravenous analgesics averaged 5 days for MIRPE and 1.7 days for MRR. Mean hospitalization was 6.5 days for MIRPE and 2.9 days for MRR. Mean time before return to work or school was 18 days for MIRPE and 12 days for MRR. The sternal bar was removed from 107 of 139 MRR patients (mean time, 19 minutes) and 18 of 68 MIRPE patients (mean time, 25 minutes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both MIRPE and MRR provide excellent clinical results. MRR has a longer operating time but decreased hospital stay, complication rate, and use of pain medications. Attention to technical operative details and surgeon's experience are essential for optimal results using both techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Fonkalsrud
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beanes
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hebra
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tagge
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index