title: Unsuspected depressive mania in pre-pubertal Hispanic children referred for the treatment of 'depression' with history of social 'deviance'.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite an emerging Literature on the mixed nature of pediatric mania, initial presentation with conduct problems continues to mislead mental health clinicians. The present report focuses on Hispanic pre-pubertal children referred for the treatment of depression in the context of conduct problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven boys and two girls received a structured psychiatric assessment in a practice setting to make sense of the presenting clinical complexity. Diagnoses were assigned using the DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of the boys and both girls met criteria for depressive mania. Their family histories were replete with affective disorder. Five (50%) of the boys and both of the girls (100%) with depressive mania had family histories of bipolar disorder. Six (60%) of the boys and neither of the girls with depressive mania had psychotic features. Those with depressive mania exhibited clear-cut circadian changes in symptomatology. Euphoria, oscillating with affective states indicative of psychic pain, was characteristically restricted to the evenings or nighttime. However, the drive to seek treatment had stemmed from social 'deviance'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with depressive mania are often unrecognized in clinical settings. Boys with conduct problems may be disproportionately represented among such children. These data support Akiskal's hypothesis that externalizing (conduct) problems in clinically referred children with depression are indicative of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: 707 South Orange Grove Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91105-1786, USA. stevendilsaver@aol.com
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dilsaver
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000523:psychology; D012017:Referral and Consultation