title: Assessment of ocular counterroll during head tilt using binocular video oculography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  According to recent literature, the presence and the amount of true compensatory ocular counterroll is still debatable. The purpose of the current study was to assess compensatory counterroll in response to lateral head tilt using a new noninvasive recording technique, and, furthermore, to find out whether the amount of counterroll is influenced by the presence or absence of spatial orientation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye movement recordings were performed using the infrared three-dimensional video oculography (3D-VOG) technique. Objective cycloposition of five healthy individuals was measured in presumed primary position and in head tilt positions of 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees to the right and left. The same paradigm was performed under three viewing conditions: binocularly without spatial orientation and both binocularly and monocularly with spatial orientation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consistent ocular counterroll corresponding to the amount of head tilt was observed in all subjects. Maximum torsional amplitude was 10 degrees at a 45-degree head tilt. The relative amount of compensation ranged between 13% and 22% of the actual head tilt, decreasing with increasing head tilt. Compensatory counterroll and torsional conjugacy between both eyes revealed minor differences between the experimental paradigms. Incomplete cycloductional reorientation in primary position after head tilt was detected in all subjects, regardless of the stimulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A consistent compensatory ocular counterroll was demonstrated in response to static lateral tilting of the head in healthy individuals. The amplitude of counterroll and the gain of compensatory cycloversion were higher than has been generally reported. Infrared 3D-VOG technique was a reliable and comfortable method for the assessment of ocular cycloduction. It can be considered to be a promising tool for advanced evaluation of disturbances of the oblique eye muscles.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, St. Eriks Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. schworm@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Hermann D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schworm
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ygge
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pansell
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lennerstrand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D014741:Video Recording; D015348:Vision, Binocular