title: Exogenous endothelin-1 improves microvascular oxygen balance during focal cerebral ischemia in the rat.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that endothelin-1 (ET-1), a cerebrovasoconstrictive peptide, would alter microvascular oxygen balance during focal cerebral ischemia. In this study, male Wistar rats were placed in control (n=9) and ET-1-treated (n=9) groups. Cortical ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in isoflurane (1.4%) anesthetized rats. Forty minutes after MCA occlusion, 10(-7) M ET-1 or saline was applied to the ischemic cortex (IC) for a period of 20 min; the fluid was changed every 5 min. After 1 h of ischemia, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined using a 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic technique. Regional arterial and venous oxygen saturation were determined microspectrophotometrically. The cerebral blood flow (45% control, 45% ET-l) and oxygen consumption (24% control, 44% ET-1) of the IC were significantly lower than the contralateral cortex. ET-1 of 10(-7) M did not cause a statistically significant alteration in regional cerebral blood flow or oxygen consumption of the IC, but did increase the average venous O(2) saturation of the IC from 50 +/- 1% to 55 +/- 2% (p<0.04). A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in O(2) supply/consumption ratio in the ET-1-treated IC (2.79 +/- 0.26 ml O(2)/min/100 g in ET-1-treated IC vs. 2.41 +/- 0.12 ml O(2)/min/100 g in the control IC) compared to the control IC. ET-1 also significantly lowered the frequency of small veins with less than 50% O(2) saturation in the IC (39 out of 70 veins in IC vs. 17 out of 70 veins in ET-1-treated IC). Thus, the exogenous application of 10(-7) M ET-1 improved microvascular oxygen supply/consumption balance during focal cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Brain Circulation Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Harvey R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Oak Z
authors.initials: OZ
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D010100:Oxygen