title: Elemental analysis of bone: proton-induced X-ray emission testing in forensic cases.
abstract: Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a spectroscopic technique that provides the researcher with the elemental composition of a given target material. In this paper, we illustrate the utility of PIXE analysis in two forensic contexts: (1) case of cremation in which the nature of the remains is questioned and (2) cases of death by gunshot wound. In the first case, elemental analysis by PIXE reveals that the purported cremated remains are not bone. The last two cases show that radiopaque metallic residue embedded in bone is composed of lead from a projectile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1112 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. mwarren@ufl.edu
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Falsetti
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Kravchenko
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Dunnam
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Van Rinsvelt
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Maples
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D009027:Mortuary Practice; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead