title: Clinical stage T1c prostate cancer: pathologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy in black and white men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of prostate cancer in black men is 50% to 70% higher than among age-matched white men. Black men have a twofold higher mortality rate and overall tend to have higher serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels than white men. To determine whether racial differences exist in men whose prostate cancer was diagnosed based solely on an elevated serum PSA level, we compared clinical and pathologic features in black and white men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinical stage T1c prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a prospectively collected database to identify all men undergoing RP for clinical T1c prostate cancer between July 1995 and October 2000. A total of 129 consecutive men (56 black men and 73 white men) were compared for age at diagnosis, serum PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, pathologic stage, RP specimen Gleason score, incidence of lymph node metastasis, and incidence of positive surgical margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were not found by race in patients' ages, serum PSA levels, biopsy Gleason score, pathologic stage, incidence of lymph node metastases, or incidence of positive surgical margins. The RP specimen Gleason score was more heterogeneous in black men than white men (P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Racial differences in the incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer are well known, but differences in the clinical and pathologic features between black and white men with prostate cancer identified solely based on an elevated serum PSA level with negative results on digital rectal examination (clinical stage T1c ) have been poorly studied. Our results suggest that men with clinical stage T1c prostate cancer have similar clinical and pathologic findings regardless of race. These results suggest that early-detection programs using serum PSA testing for prostate cancer in black men potentially can result in improvements in prostate cancer outcomes in this high-risk group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. easthamj@mskcc.org
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eastham
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carver
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kattan
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen