title: Incidence and pattern of long saphenous vein duplication and its possible implications for recurrence after varicose vein surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of long saphenous vein (LSV) duplication has not been clearly established. This anomaly could have implications for recurrence after varicose vein surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some 103 saphenograms obtained in 85 patients being considered for peripheral arterial bypass surgery were reviewed. Non-ionic contrast medium was injected directly into the vein or its tributaries at the ankle. Duplications of the LSV and their relation to thigh and calf perforator veins were assessed and recorded by two independent observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was evidence of duplication of the LSV in 50 (49 per cent) of the 103 saphenograms. Most duplications were present in the thigh (88 per cent) and the most common pattern was a closed loop (54 per cent). Perforator veins were connected to one branch of the duplication in 42 per cent of the legs (20 per cent of all 103 legs); in half the perforator vein was connected to the non-dominant branch of the duplication. Only ten of the 18 patients who had bilateral saphenograms had duplications in both legs, and only one patient had the same pattern of duplication on both sides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of LSV duplications is higher than previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Academic Surgical Unit and Department of Radiology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dourado
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Burnand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000601:surgery*