title: Ultrasound of the joints.
abstract: High-frequency ultrasound is now considered an excellent modality to image normal tendons, muscles, and peripheral nerves as well as to diagnose a wide variety of pathological conditions affecting these structures. Although US is limited in the visualisation of some intra-articular structures, it can be a useful tool in joint disease assessment. Ultrasound has some advantages over other imaging modalities including time- and cost-effectiveness, superior spatial resolution, dynamic examination and the possibility to perform the examination in a comfortable position for the patient. The aims of this review are twofold: firstly, to present the normal US appearance of the joint structures that are susceptible to US examination, including the joint surfaces, intra-articular structures such as menisci and other fibrocartilages, capsule and ligaments; and secondly, to show the US appearance of the most commonly encountered joint disorders and discuss the role of US in the imaging strategy of joint disorders.
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiologie, Division de Radiodiagnostic et de radiologie interventionnelle, Hôpital cantonal Universitaire de Genève, Rue Micheli-du-Crest 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Stefano.Bianchi@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinoli
authors.forename: MariaPia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchi-Zamorani
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valle
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007596:Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods