title: Benzophenone-3: rapid prediction and evaluation using non-invasive methods of in vivo human penetration.
abstract: The study described in this paper constitutes a practical assay system to evaluate in vivo drug penetration using two complementary non-invasive methods. An electrical capacitance test was first applied to the skin on the forearm to evaluate the hydration of the skin, and check the integrity of the stratum corneum. In the first step, the percentage absorption was measured using an occlusive and difference method; following benzophenone-3 application any residual formulation was washed off and the amount removed analyzed. In the second step, the tape stripping method-a useful procedure for selectively removing the skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum, and measuring the stratum corneum adsorption-was performed. Under these conditions the human skin permeation of this UV-filter over four hours was near to 35% of the applied dose with the occlusive method. The amount of topically applied benzophenone-3 found in the stratum corneum after 30 min exposure using the stripping procedure was evaluated at 4% to the applied dose.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacia Galenica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nielloud
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fortuné
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marti-Mestres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C005290:oxybenzone