title: Prisoners of hate.
abstract: The terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001 as well as domestic terrorism in the United States and elsewhere in the world has prompted an analysis of the psychology of the terrorist. The perpetrators' profound sense of being wronged--their values undermined by foreign powers or a corrupt domestic power structure--has cried out for revolution and revenge. The fanatic ideology of the perpetrators has provided the matrix for a progressively more malevolent representation of the oppressors: the Image of the Enemy. Retribution against the Enemy in the form of mass murder of anonymous civilians becomes an imperative. The counterpart of the image of the Enemy is the idealized collective self-image of members of the movement, faction, or cult. The group narcissism of the white supremacists in the United States, the Aum Shinrikyo in Japan, and the Islamic extremists enhance their collective self-image as pure, righteous, and united. While the foot soldiers, as in any war, gain glory through martyrdom, the instigators and leaders have their own personal narcissistic goals (power and prestige) and plan. For the extremist Islamists the ultimate goal has been overthrow of the moderate Islamic governments; for the domestic terrorists, destabilization of the national government and reinstitution of the traditional values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. becka@landru.cpr.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000786:Anger; D006040:Goals; D006126:Group Processes; D006252:Hate; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*