title: Usefulness of an artificial neural network for differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules on high-resolution CT: evaluation with receiver operating characteristic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to use an artificial neural network to differentiate benign from malignant pulmonary nodules on high-resolution CT findings and to evaluate the effect of artificial neural network output on the performance of radiologists using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 155 cases with pulmonary nodules less than 3 cm (99 malignant nodules and 56 benign nodules). An artificial neural network was used to distinguish benign from malignant nodules on the basis of seven clinical parameters and 16 radiologic findings that were extracted by attending radiologists using subjective rating scales. In the observer test, 12 radiologists (four attending radiologists, four radiology fellows, and four radiology residents) were presented with high-resolution CT images, first without and then with the artificial neural network output. Observer performance was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic analysis using a continuous rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The artificial neural network showed a high performance in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules (A(z) = 0.951). The average A(z) value for all radiologists increased by a statistically significant level, from 0.831 to 0.959, with the use of the artificial neural network output.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our computerized scheme using the artificial neural network can improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists who are differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules on high-resolution CT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Iseigaoka 1-1, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuki
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsuragawa
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D015588:Observer Variation; D012372:ROC Curve; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed