title: Early massive follicle loss and apoptosis in heterotopically grafted newborn mouse ovaries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation can be used to restore fertility to sterile females. A question that warrants further investigation is whether the follicular content is affected by the freeze-thawing and grafting procedure, and if so, to what extent and by what mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intact newborn mouse ovaries were allografted under the kidney capsule or were cryopreserved by slow freezing with dimethylsulphoxide as the cryoprotectant prior to grafting. Estrogenic activity of ovariectomized recipient mice, as revealed by vaginal cytology, resumed after 11 days of transplantation. At 14 days after transplantation, ovarian grafts were recovered and processed histologically for follicle number counting. The follicular content of grafts of fresh ovaries was 58% of that from ovaries of age-matched 14 day old mice. In frozen-thawed ovarian grafts, the follicular content was only 9% lower than that of fresh grafted ovaries. Apoptosis of follicular cells was investigated by DNA nick end labelling. We observed a marked increase in the staining of fragmentation of DNA shortly after transplantation (2-12 h) of fresh newborn mouse ovaries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicate that transplantation rather than cryopreservation accounts for the major and early loss of primordial follicles in grafted newborn mouse ovaries.
authors.affiliation: Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. jun.liu@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van der Elst
authors.forename: Rudy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van den Broecke
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhont
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology