title: A new stereoscopic endoscopy system: accurate 3-dimensional measurement in vitro and in vivo with distortion-correction function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of measurements obtained with a new 3-dimensional stereoscopic endoscopy system in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The system includes an electronic stereoscopic endoscope and a personal computer. After correction of barrel distortion by an image-processing technique, 3-dimensional data are computed with triangulation. Initially, graph paper and models of gastric lesions, both elevated and depressed, were used as objects. For evaluating accuracy and reproducibility, the absolute error (/E/) and the coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated: /E/ = average value of absolute value (measured value minus sign true value)/true value. Then, the sizes of 50 gastric lesions were measured by 2 endoscopists, one experienced and the other inexperienced, and the findings were compared with measurements made radiographically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum for /E/ and for the CV for the distance on the graph paper were, respectively, 5.6% and 7.0%. The /E/ and CV for the diameter and for the height of the elevated model were, respectively, 5.9% and 5.7% for the former and, respectively, 16.8% and 16.5% for the latter. The /E/ and CV for the area of the depressed model were, respectively, 9.0% and 1.6%. The correlation coefficients between the sizes of lesions measured by stereoscopic endoscopy and radiographically were 0.91: 99% CI [0.81, 1.00], and 0.98: 99% CI [0.85, 1.00], respectively, for the experienced and inexperienced endoscopists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new stereoscopic endoscopy system is useful for measuring gastric lesion size in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University, Chikushi Hospital, 377-1 Onaza Zokumyoin, Chikushino-city, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan 818-8502.
authors.forename: Kenshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Tsuneyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsuyasu
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis