title: Trends in the incidence of childhood diabetes in south Asians and other children in Bradford, UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate incidence rates and time trends, over 21 years, of Type 1 diabetes in a migrant population of south Asian children in Bradford, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (0-14 years) living in the city of Bradford and diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes were selected from a population-based region-wide register. Between 1978 and 1998, 289 new-onset cases were registered and classified as south Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi) or not, based on their full name using two different computer algorithms and visual inspection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six children (22.8%) were designated as south Asian with 223 (77.2%) remaining. The overall age-sex standardized incidence for south Asian and non-south Asian children was 13.0 per 100,000 person years (95% confidence interval 9.9-16.2) and 12.9 (11.2-14.6), respectively. Rates were similar for south Asians at all ages, whereas for the mainly Caucasian children incidence differed significantly by age group (P < 0.001). An average annual increase in incidence of 4.3% (P = 0.001) was seen for all children compared with 6.5% in south Asians (P = 0.002) and 2.4% (P = 0.128) in non-south Asians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children in south Asia have a low incidence of Type 1 diabetes but migrants to the UK have similar overall rates to the indigenous population. However, a more steeply rising incidence is seen in the south Asian population, and our data suggest that incidence in this group may eventually outstrip that of the non-south Asians. Genetic factors are unlikely to explain such a rapid change, implying an influence of environmental factors in disease aetiology. The similarity in rates by age group in the south Asian population is notable.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Epidemiology Group, Unit of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Feltbower
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bodansky
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haigh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D012042:Registries