title: Sequential changes of gastric hyperplastic polyps following endoscopic ligation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ligation has been extensively applied in the management of esophageal and gastric varices with or without bleeding. The varices are automatically eradicated through the use of ligation. However, whether avascular necrosis will occur in a gastrointestinal polyp when the base is ligated remains unclear. The aims of this pilot study were to investigate the sequential changes of gastric hyperplastic polyps following endoscopic detachable snare ligation and to determine the possibility of induction of avascular necrosis in these lesions following ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with eighteen gastric hyperplastic polyps were treated with endoscopic detachable-snare ligation. The polyps were observed for 5 minutes and biopsies were then conducted. At 14 days after endoscopic ligation, follow-up endoscopies were performed to assess the outcome of the strangulated polyps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After being strangulated by the detachable snares, a majority of the polyps immediately congested (94%), and then developed cyanotic change (89%) approximately 4 minutes later. Pathological examination revealed severe venous congestion in the lamina propria of the strangulated polyps. On follow-up endoscopy 2 weeks later, all the snares had dropped off, and avascular necrosis occurred in sixteen polyps (89%). All of the polyps with avascular necrosis were detected to have developed cyanotic changes in initial endoscopy. No complications occurred during or following the ligation procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most gastric hyperplastic polyps develop avascular necrosis following ligation by detachable snare. Cyanotic change is an important predictor of the outcomes of the lesions following endoscopic ligation. The application of this ligation technique in treatment of bleeding or non-bleeding gastrointestinal polyps deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*