title: The effect of high dose and short interval HBV vaccination in individuals with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of the standard hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination schedule in individuals with chronic hepatitis C is reported to be reduced. Our aim was to assess the response rate to high dose, short interval HBV vaccination in such individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 152 individuals with chronic hepatitis C were vaccinated with 40 microg of vaccine administered monthly for 3 months. Twenty-six individuals with no evidence of liver disease underwent the same vaccination schedule and were considered to be the control group. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive subjects who did not seroconvert to anti-hepatitis B surface positivity after the third dose of the vaccine (nonresponder) were vaccinated with a fourth dose of vaccine (booster dose, 80 microg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred nine of the 152 individuals with chronic hepatitis C (72%) seroconverted to anti-hepatitis B surface positivity (> 10 mIU/ml), as compared to 24 of the 26 controls (92%, p < 0.05). Although individuals with chronic hepatitis C responded less frequently to high dose, short interval HBV vaccination than did the controls, no differences in terms of effective immunity (>100 mIU/ml) were evident among the two groups of responders (51% vs 54%). Also, no difference in response was reported between individuals with chronic active hepatitis C and controls (92% vs 80%). The response rate was significantly lower in cirrhotics than in the noncirrhotic group (54% vs 80%, p < 0.001). Besides cirrhosis, no other demographic or bioclinical factor was found to influence the response to vaccination. After the additional booster dose, the overall response was increased to 74% of the cirrhotics and 88% of the noncirrhotics. No major HBV vaccine-related adverse effects were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high dose, short interval HBV vaccination schedule is safe in individuals with chronic hepatitis C. From these data, it is suggested that a high dose and a short interval between HBV vaccinations may produce an effective and early antibody response in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Idilman
authors.forename: Maria Nicola
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: De
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colantoni
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadir
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Van Thiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D012367:RNA, Viral