title: Early spatial memory deficit induced by 2,5-hexanedione in the rat.
abstract: 2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD), the major common neurotoxic metabolite of n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone, causes a delayed neuropathy with associated sensorimotor impairments. The question arises as to whether specific cognitive deficits occur even prior to changes in sensorimotor ability. The present experiments examined the effects of 2,5-HD on spatial navigation of rats in a water maze at levels/times that did not affect spontaneous exploratory motor activity in an open field holeboard apparatus. Exposure to 1% 2,5-HD in the drinking water for 2 weeks did not significantly affect escape learning, as measured by latency to find a hidden platform. However, 2,5-HD treated animals were impaired in the use of a spatial strategy during a recall test. A similar impairment in spatial memory was observed after i.p. injection of 500 mg/kg/day 2,5-HD for 4 days, in the absence of significant changes in sensorimotor ability or weight loss. Thus 2,5-HD may mediate some of the cognitive effects of hexacarbons and these changes can occur prior to the development of motor symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Zoology Building, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dardis
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Felipo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anwyl
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rowan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D006588:Hexanones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006588:Hexanones; C011269:2,5-hexanedione