title: Extracellular magnesium ion modifies the actions of volatile anesthetics in area CA1 of rat hippocampus in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium ion (Mg2+) is involved in important processes as modulation of ion channels, receptors, neurotransmitter release, and cell excitability in the central nervous system. Although extracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]o) can be altered during general anesthesia, there has been no evidence for [Mg2+]o-dependent modification of anesthetic actions on neural excitability in central nervous system preparations. The purpose of current study was to determine whether the effects of volatile anesthetics are [Mg2+]o-dependent in mammalian central nervous system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracellular electrophysiologic recordings from CA1 neurons in rat hippocampal slices were used to investigate the effects of [Mg2+]o and anesthetics on population spike amplitude and excitatory postsynaptic potential slope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depression of population spike amplitudes and excitatory postsynaptic potential slopes by volatile anesthetics were significantly dependent on [Mg2+]o. The effects were attenuated in the presence of a constant [Mg2+]o/extracellular Ca2+ concentration ratio. However, neither N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists nor a non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist altered the [Mg2+]o-dependent anesthetic-induced depression of population spikes. Volatile anesthetics produced minimal effects on input-output (excitatory postsynaptic potential-population spike) relations or the threshold for population spike generation. The effects were not modified by changes in [Mg2+]o. In addition, the population spike amplitudes, elicited via antidromic (nonsynaptic) stimulation, were not influenced by [Mg2+]o in the presence of volatile anesthetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide support that alteration of [Mg2+]o modifies the actions of volatile anesthetics on synaptic transmission and that the effects could be, at least in part, a result of presynaptic Ca2+ channel-related mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Sheldon H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D007530:Isoflurane; D008274:Magnesium