title: [Acute pyelonephritis in children with minimal or normal urine findings].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past years we have seen several children with serious bacterial infections in whom the focus of the infection was found in the kidneys despite of normal or minimal urine findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the cases of all children hospitalised at our paediatric department from 1995-2000 with normal or minimal urine findings, and in whom acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed by means of computerized tomographic imaging of the kidneys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 10 children (aged 9 months to 9 years) had focal areas of decreased enhancement in the kidney parenchyma. All received intravenous antibiotic treatment. Vesicouretheral reflux was detected in four patients and required surgical intervention in one. One patient had considerable renal scarring and decreased renal function on dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with suspected serious bacterial infection, it is important to have the possibility of renal infection in mind in spite of normal urine findings. The importance of establishing the right diagnosis lies in the fact that patients with pyelonephritis need further investigation and follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Barneavdelingen, Sentralsykehuset i Akershus 1474 Nordbyhagen. hanshenrikodland@c2i.net
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Odland
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Fjaerli
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zimmer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000652:urine*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016482:Urinalysis