title: Differential effects of bacterial toxins on mitogenic actions of sodium fluoride and those of aluminum fluoride in human TE85 osteosarcoma cells.
abstract: This study compared the effects of cholera toxin (CTX) and pertussis toxin (PTX) on the actions of sodium fluoride (NaF) and those of aluminum fluoride (AlF3) on cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as tyrosine phosphorylation level of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human bone cells. NaF and AlF3 each significantly stimulated the proliferation of human TE85 osteosarcoma cells, increased cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and increased MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation level. CTX completely blocked the bone cell anabolic activities of both NaF and AlF3. While PTX (2 ng/ml) inhibited the bone cell actions of NaF, it had no significant effect on those of AlF3. Both CTX and PTX completely blocked the stimulatory action of AlF3 on MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation, but neither toxin had an effect on the action of NaF on MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation. In conclusion, PTX and CTX had contrasting effects on the anabolic bone cell actions of NaF and AlF3 actions. These findings argue against the hypothesis that the osteogenic activity of NaF is mediated via the formation of AlF3 in human TE85 osteosarcoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, CA 92357, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D008934:Mitogens; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D014443:Tyrosine; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005459:Fluorides; D013936:Thymidine; C032311:aluminum fluoride