title: Bone as an ion exchange system: evidence for a link between mechanotransduction and metabolic needs.
abstract: To detect whether the mutual interaction occurring between the osteocytes-bone lining cells system (OBLCS) and the bone extracellular fluid (BECF) is affected by load through a modification of the BECF-extracellular fluid (ECF; systemic extracellular fluid) gradient, mice metatarsal bones immersed in ECF were subjected ex vivo to a 2-min cyclic axial load of different amplitudes and frequencies. The electric (ionic) currents at the bone surface were measured by a vibrating probe after having exposed BECF to ECF through a transcortical hole. The application of different loads and different frequencies increased the ionic current in a dose-dependent manner. The postload current density subsequently decayed following an exponential pattern. Postload increment's amplitude and decay were dependent on bone viability. Dummy and static loads did not induce current density modifications. Because BECF is perturbed by loading, it is conceivable that OBLCS tends to restore BECF preload conditions by controlling ion fluxes at the bone-plasma interface to fulfill metabolic needs. Because the electric current reflects the integrated activity of OBLCS, its evaluation in transgenic mice engineered to possess genetic lesions in channels or matrix constituents could be helpful in the characterization of the mechanical and metabolic functions of bone.
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolic Unit, Scientific Institute H San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy. alessandro.rubinacci@hsr.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubinacci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Covini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bisogni
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004735:Energy Transfer; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D008433:Mathematics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014886:Weaning