title: Pharmacokinetic and toxicology assessment of INTERCEPT (S-59 and UVA treated) platelets.
abstract: The pathogen inactivation process developed by Cerus and Baxter Healthcare Corporations uses the psoralen, S-59 (amotosalen) in an ex vivo photochemical treatment (PCT) process to inactivate viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and leukocytes in platelet concentrates and plasma. Studies were performed by intravenous infusion of S-59 PCT formulations +/- compound adsorption device (CAD) treatment and with non-UVA illuminated S-59, using doses that were multiples of potential clinical exposures. The studies comprised full pharmacokinetic, single- and repeated-dose (up to 13 weeks duration) toxicity, safety pharmacology (CNS, renal, and cardiovascular), reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity testing in the p53(+/-) mouse, vein irritation, and phototoxicity. No specific target organ toxicity (clinical or histopathological), reproductive toxicity, or carcinogenicity was observed. S-59 and/or PCT formulations demonstrated CNS, ECG, and phototoxicity only at supraclinical doses. Based on the extremely large safety margins (>30,000-fold expected clinical exposures), the CNS and ECG observations are not considered to have any toxicological relevance. Additionally, after a complete assessment, mutagenicity and phototoxicity results are not considered relevant for the proposed use of INTERCEPT platelets. Thus, the results of an extensive series of in vitro and in vivo studies have not demonstrated any toxicologically relevant effects of platelet concentrates prepared by the INTERCEPT system.
authors.affiliation: Cerus Corporation, Concord, California 94520, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ciaravi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D005363:Ficusin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D011564:Furocoumarins; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D017893:Photopheresis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017713:Platelet Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D011564:Furocoumarins; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D004247:DNA; C118577:amotosalen; D005363:Ficusin