title: Mechanical properties of newly developed loop ligament for connection between the EndoButton and hamstring tendons: comparison with Ethibond sutures and Endobutton tape.
abstract: A new artificial loop ligament (LL) without mechanical weak points, such as a knot, has been developed to connect the EndoButton and hamstring tendons for anterior or posterior cruciate ligament (CL) reconstruction. This study assessed the mechanical properties of the LL and sutures (No. 5 Ethibond thread, EndoButton tape) and those of the different CL constructs with these materials and fixation devices commonly used in CL reconstruction. The LL had a significantly higher ultimate tensile load (UTL) and stiffness value (p < 0.001) than No. 5 Ethibond thread or EndoButton tape in static and fatigue tests (50--500 N, 1.08 million cycles). The LL-tendons-Leeds-Keio artificial ligament-staple construct complex also had significantly higher UTL and stiffness value than the Ethibond loops or EndoButton tape loop-tendons-Ethibond sutures-postscrew-fixed construct complex. Furthermore, the LL construct complex elongated the least after cyclic loading (50--150 N, 90,000 cycles). These findings suggested that using the LL construct complex might avoid a bungee cord effect and elongation before biological healing between the construct and bony socket. The LL construct complex could be a safe substitute for use during the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchio
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumen
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsube
mesh_terms: D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019563:Mechanics; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D013537:Sutures / Q000592:standards*; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery; D013718:Tensile Strength; D019737:Transplants
chemical_list: C014534:Ethibond; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates