title: Non-PmrA-mediated multidrug resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: The PmrA multidrug transporter protein gene was inactivated in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains CP1000 (wild-type) and EBR (mutant with enhanced active multidrug efflux). While the resistance to fluoroquinolones and ethidium bromide shown by EBR was reduced to the wild-type level, neither the susceptibility to reserpine in the presence of ethidium bromide and selected fluoroquinolones, nor the ability to produce ethidium bromide-resistant mutants was eliminated in the CP1000 pmrA mutant, indicating the presence of an additional multidrug export protein(s).
authors.affiliation: Northwestern Prevention Epicenter, Galter Carriage House, Suite 701b, 215 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60601, USA. EPestova@vysis.com
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pestova
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Millichap
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Noskin
authors.forename: Lance R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004996:Ethidium / Q000494:pharmacology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; C081902:pmrA protein, Bacteria; D004996:Ethidium