title: Relationship between oxidative stress and embryotoxicity of hydrosalpingeal fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of many reproductive disorders. The objective of this study was to characterize oxidative stress parameters in hydrosalpingeal fluid (HSF) and examine their possible role in early embryo development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSF was aspirated at laparoscopic salpingectomy in 11 infertile women. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), total (non-enzymatic) antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assayed. Two-cell mouse embryos were incubated with 25, 50 or 75% HSF and the blastocyst development rate was observed. ROS was detected in five of 11 (45%) HSF samples with a mean of 4.2 x 10(4) c.p.m. LPO was detected in all samples at a mean (+/- SD) value of 5575.4 +/- 6091.9 micromol/l malonaldehyde. The mean blastocyst development rate at 25, 5+/- 0 and 75% HSF and in the control group was 88.9 +/- 9.4, 65.7 +/- 19.1, 45.7 +/- 5.7 and 96.7% respectively (P < 0.0001). The blastocyst development rate was positively correlated to ROS concentrations (P < 0.02) but was not significantly related to LPO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The blastocyst development rate decreased with increasing concentrations of HSF. For the first time, the presence of ROS, LPO and TAC activity in human HSF was characterized. A possible role of oxidative stress in the embryotoxicity of HSF is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction and Infertility, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bedaiwy
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azab
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species