title: Viability of a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-sealed packages of frankfurters, commercially prepared with and without 2.0 or 3.0% added potassium lactate, during extended storage at 4 and 100 degrees C.
abstract: The viability of Listeria monocytogenes was monitored on frankfurters containing added potassium lactate that were obtained directly from a commercial manufacturer. Eight links (ca. 56 g each) were transferred aseptically from the original vacuum-sealed bulk packages into nylon-polyethylene bags. Each bag then received a 4-ml portion of a five-strain mixture of the pathogen. Frankfurters containing 2.0 or 3.0% potassium lactate were evaluated using 20 CFU per package, and frankfurters containing 3.0% potassium lactate were evaluated using 500 CFU per package. The packages were vacuum-sealed and stored at 4 or 10 degrees C for up to 90 or 60 days, respectively. During storage at 4 degrees C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.6 log10 CFU per package over 90 days in packages containing frankfurters with 2.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU and stored at 4 degrees C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.4 log10 CFU per package over 90 days. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 500 CFU and stored at 4 degrees C, pathogen numbers remained at about 2.4 log10 CFU per package over 90 days. However, in the absence of any added potassium lactate, pathogen numbers increased to 4.6 and 5.0 log10 CFU per package after 90 days of storage at 4 degrees C for starting levels of 20 and 500 CFU per package, respectively. During storage at 10 degrees C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.4 log10 CFU per package over 60 days in packages containing frankfurters with 2.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU and stored at 10 degrees C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.1 log10 CFU per package over 60 days of storage. In the absence of any added potassium lactate, pathogen numbers increased to 6.5 log10 CFU per package after 28 days and then declined to 5.0 log10 CFU per package after 60 days of storage at 10 degrees C. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 500 CFU per package, pathogen numbers remained at about 2.4 log10 CFU per package over 60 days of storage at 10 degrees C, whereas in the absence of any added potassium lactate, pathogen numbers increased to about 6.6 log10 CFU per package within 40 days and then declined to about 5.5 log10 CFU per package after 60 days of storage. The viability of L. monocytogenes in frankfurter packages stored at 4 and 10 degrees C was influenced by the pH and the presence or levels of lactate but not by the presence or levels of indigenous lactic acid bacteria or by the proximate composition of the product. These data establish that the addition of 2.0% (P < 0.0004) or 3.0% (P < 0.0001) potassium lactate as an ingredient in frankfurters can appreciably enhance safety by inhibiting or delaying the growth of L. monocytogenes during storage at refrigeration and abuse temperatures.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
authors.forename: Anna C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Bernadette D G M
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Ernani S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sant'anna
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Call
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Luchansky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates