title: Xenon produces minimal haemodynamic effects in rabbits with chronically compromised left ventricular function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Xenon has only minimal haemodynamic side-effects on normal myocardium and might be a preferable anaesthetic agent for patients with heart failure. We studied the haemodynamic changes caused by 70% xenon in rabbits with chronically compromised left ventricular (LV) function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anaesthetized rabbits were thoracotomized and a major coronary artery was ligated to induce ischaemic heart disease. Nine weeks later, rabbits were again anaesthetized (ketamine/propofol), and haemodynamics were measured during inhalation of 70% xenon using echocardiography [LV end-diastolic dimension (LVedD), fractional shortening (FS), velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (VcF), ejection fraction (EF)] in closed-chest animals. Subsequently, rabbits were thoracotomized and instrumented for measurement of LV pressure (tip manometer), LV dP/dtmax and cardiac output (ultrasonic flow probe). Haemodynamics were recorded again during inhalation of 70% xenon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All rabbits had compromised LV function 9 weeks after coronary artery ligation. Mean LVedD increased from 12.9 (SD 0.9) mm to 17.1 (0.4) mm; EF decreased from 73 (9) to 64 (8)%; FS decreased from 36 (7) to 29 (5)%; VcF decreased from 28.9 (6.8) to 17.6 (4.7) mm s(-1); all P<0.05. Inhalation of 70% xenon had no effect on haemodynamics in closed-chest rabbits, as measured by echocardiography. After invasive instrumentation, small decreases in LV pressure from 78 (20) to 72 (19) mm Hg, LV dP/dtmax from 3081 (592) to 2633 (503) mm Hg s(-1) and cardiac output from 239 (69) to 225 (71) ml min(-1) were observed during xenon inhalation (all P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that xenon has only minimal negative inotropic effects in rabbits with LV dysfunction after coronary artery ligation.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Preckel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schlack
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heibel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rütten
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014978:Xenon / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D014978:Xenon