title: Treatment of unobserved oestrus in a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate up to 60 days post-partum.
abstract: The efficiency of treatments for unobserved oestrus and their effect on the reproductive performance of a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate till 60 days post-partum (dpp), attributed to the declivous and slippery concrete floor were investigated. The herdsman requested advice in order to improve the mean days open of the herd, but no investments were allowed because a new unit was about to be built. Due to the low oestrus detection rate of the herd, the breeding policy was to inseminate at the first detected post-partum oestrus. Cows were examined at 20-30 dpp to assess uterine involution, ovarian activity and prevalence of reproductive disorders and, at 60 dpp if no previous oestrus was detected. Each examination included palpation per rectum, ultrasound scanning and collection of a blood sample for plasma progesterone (P4) measurement. Cows with unobserved oestrus till 60 dpp were allocated either to a treatment group (n=139) or to a control group (n=139). Three treatments were used: (a) injection of PGF(2 alpha) (PG) upon detection of a corpus luteum (CL; n = 30), cows not observed in oestrus being re-injected 11-12 days later. AI was at oestrus; (b) PRID (n=35) or Crestar (n=74) devices kept in situ for 12 and 9 days, respectively, were associated to an injection of PG and of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) at device removal. Cows were double-fixed time-inseminated at 48 and 72 h after device removal. All treated cows were examined at 48-72 h after treatment to confirm oestrus. The percentage of cows detected in oestrus up to 60 dpp remained unchanged through the trial (35 and 47% for years before intervention: 1994-95; 51 and 48% for years of intervention: 1996-97). In contrast, the oestrous detection rate was high both in treated (93%) and control (100%) cows. This possibly resulted from an improvement in the oestrous detection efficiency of the herd's personnel and from examination of cows at 48-72 h after treatment. Treated and control cows had identical conception rate (CR; 36 and 37%, respectively) and reproductive performance. However, the mean days open of the herd in 1996 was significantly improved in comparison with previous years (mean +/- SEM: 134 +/- 6, 126 +/- 5, 110 +/- 4 and 114 +/- 5 days, for years 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively, p < 0.05, ANOVA). Conception rate to AI up to 40 dpp was significantly reduced, compared with the period between 60 and 100 dpp but, mean days open were significantly improved in cows inseminated up to 60 dpp, compared with thereafter (p < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproduction, CIISA Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Lisbon, Portugal. lmateus@fmv.utl.pt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mateus
authors.forename: L Lopes
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: J J Alfaro
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cardos
authors.forename: J Robalo
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004971:Estrus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004972:Estrus Detection; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost