title: NADPH oxidase promotes NF-kappaB activation and proliferation in human airway smooth muscle.
abstract: Evidence is rapidly accumulating that low-activity-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases homologous to that in phagocytic cells generate reactive oxygen species as signaling intermediates in both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. We therefore explored the possibility of such an oxidase regulating growth of airway smooth muscle (AWSM). Proliferation of human AWSM cells in culture was inhibited by the antioxidants catalase and N-acetylcysteine, and by the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI). Membranes prepared from human AWSM cells generated superoxide anion (O) measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable lucigenin chemiluminescence, with a distinct preference for NADPH instead of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as substrate. Chemiluminescence was also inhibited by DPI, suggesting the presence of a flavoprotein containing oxidase generating O as a signaling molecule for cell growth. Examination of human AWSM cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction consistently demonstrated transcripts with sequences identical to those reported for p22(phox). Transfection with p22(phox) antisense oligonucleotides reduced human AWSM proliferation. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity with DPI prevented serum-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and overexpression of a superrepressor form of the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha significantly reduced human AWSM growth. These findings suggest that an NADPH oxidase containing p22(phox) regulates growth-factor responsive human AWSM proliferation, and that the oxidase signals in part through activation of the prototypical redox-regulated transcription factor NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA.
authors.forename: Sukhdev S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sturrock
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Huecksteadt
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chitano
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoidal
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005420:Flavoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009861:Onium Compounds; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C086986:CYBA protein, human; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase