title: Quantitative analysis of substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp tissue from painful and healthy human teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in painful and healthy human dental pulps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six samples of pulp tissue were collected from extracted or endodontically treated painful teeth and 20 from clinically healthy teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. All pulp samples were boiled in 0.5 m acetic acid for 10 min, centrifuged and the supernatant collected. SP, NKA and CGRP levels were measured using radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substance P and CGRP were present in all samples and NKA was detected in 96% of the pulps. CGRP was present in much higher concentrations than SP and NKA in both painful and non-painful teeth. The painful teeth had significantly higher concentrations of SP (P = 0.02), NKA (P < 0.001) and CGRP (P = 0.03) than non-painful teeth. The concentration of CGRP was significantly higher in the pulps of smokers compared with non-smokers (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated levels of these neuropeptides in pulps from painful teeth indicate that they may play an important role in the process of pulpal inflammation and pain. Further investigation of the association between these neuropeptides and pulpal status may help to improve our understanding of pulpal inflammation and dental pain.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Awawdeh
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lundy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lamey
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000032:analysis*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis*; D014098:Toothache / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P; D015288:Neurokinin A; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide