title: Increased rectal wall thickness may predict relapse in ulcerative colitis: a pilot follow-up study by ultrasonographic colonoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with repeated remission and relapse, although the occurrence of relapse is difficult to predict. We performed a prospective study to determine whether there is a relationship in ulcerative colitis between the inflammatory changes identified by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 23 ulcerative colitis patients who had not suffered a relapse for 1 month, with a Seo activity index less-than-or-equal 150 and Baron grade 1 at colonoscopy. The thickness of the first to the third layer of the rectal wall in these patients was measured by EUS at the start of the study. They were subsequently followed up for 1 year to record any relapses, defined as having a Seo activity index > 150 and Baron grade greater-than-or-equal 2 at colonoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relapse occurred in eight patients. The mean activity index of the relapsed patients was 187.3 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 166.4 - 208.2) at the end of the study. The thickness of the first to the third layer of the rectal wall, as evaluated by EUS at the beginning of the study, was significantly larger in the relapse group (mean 2.73 mm, 95 % CI 2.13 - 3.33 mm) than in the non-relapse group (1.79 mm; 1.56 - 1.99 mm; P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheter probe-assisted endoluminal ultrasonography may predict the occurrence of relapse of ulcerative colitis.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan. higaki@mx51.tiki.ne.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nohara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000473:pathology*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence