title: Oral bovine serum concentrate improves cryptosporidial enteritis in calves.
abstract: Cryptosporidium parvum produces a prolonged watery diarrhea unresponsive to conventional antimicrobials. Because of reported efficacy of antibody-based immunotherapy, we studied the effect of inexpensive, commercially available oral bovine serum concentrate (BSC) in experimental cryptosporidiosis. Twenty-four calves were treated with 57 g/d BSC (n = 12) or soy protein (n = 12) added to their standard whey protein-based milk replacer (227 g/2 L twice daily). Of the 24, 9 were also treated with L-glutamine (GLN), 8 g/L (50 mM) in the milk (5 calves in the BSC group and 4 in the soy group). Animals were inoculated with 10(8) cryptosporidium oocysts per os on d 8 of life and received oral rehydration on d 12-14. Eight uninfected controls were treated with BSC or soy protein. Fecal and urine volume and urinary Cr-EDTA excretion were measured. Animals were killed on d 18 of life. Cryptosporidiosis induced severe watery diarrhea lasting >9 d and produced a 25% increase in intestinal permeability, a 33% decrease in villous surface area, and a 40% reduction in mucosal lactase specific activity. Glutamine treatment had no effect on the diarrhea or any of the intestinal tests; and therefore pooled data were used to compare the 12 calves treated with BSC with the 12 treated with soy. In animals receiving BSC, peak diarrheal volume and intestinal permeability were reduced 33%, fewer oocysts were shed, intestinal crypts were significantly deeper, and villous surface area returned to normal by 9 d after infection (all p <or= 0.05). BSC should be studied as a treatment for human cryptosporidiosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Radiological Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Martha U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Derralyn K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rennix
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Galanko
authors.forename: Wunian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Argenzio
authors.forename: J Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rhoads
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy; D004751:Enteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D007082:Ileum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D043322:Lactase; D008297:Male; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D043322:Lactase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase