title: Gas chromatographic analysis of infant formulas for total fatty acids, including trans fatty acids.
abstract: Twelve powdered and 13 liquid infant formulas were analyzed by using an extension of AOAC Official Method 996.01 for fat analysis in cereal products. Samples were hydrolyzed with 8 N HCl and extracted with ethyl and petroleum ethers. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared by refluxing the mixed ether extracts with methanolic sodium hydroxide in the presence of 14% boron trifluoride in methanol. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography. In powdered formulas, saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (mean +/- SD; n = 12) was 41.05 +/- 3.94%, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was 36.97 +/- 3.38%, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was 20.07 +/- 3.08%, and total trans fatty acid content was 1.30 +/- 1.27%. In liquid formulas, SFA content (mean +/- SD; n = 13) was 42.29 +/- 2.98%, MUFA content was 36.05 +/- 2.47%, PUFA content was 20.65 +/- 2.40%, and total trans fatty acid content was 0.88 +/- 0.54%. Total fat content in powdered formulas ranged from 4.4 to 5.5 g/100 kcal and linoleic acid content ranged from 868 to 1166 mg/100 kcal. In liquid formulas, total fat content ranged from 4.1 to 5.1 g/100 kcal and linoleic acid content ranged from 820 to 1100 mg/100 kcal. There were no significant differences between powdered and liquid infant formulas in concentrations of total fat, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, or trans fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements, Washington, DC 20204, USA. ssubrama@cfsan.fda.gov
authors.forename: Subramaniam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satchithanandam
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Jeanne I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rader
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D008745:Methylation; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides