title: Effects of intracoronary calcium chloride on regional oxygen balance and mechanical function in normal and stunned myocardium in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brief myocardial ischaemia has been demonstrated to result in mechanical and coronary endothelial dysfunction, in which calcium may play a role. We examined whether the mechanical and vascular responses to calcium are altered in postischaemic, reperfused myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), mechanical function and coronary blood flow (CBF) in response to calcium chloride (0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg ml(-1) of CBF) directly infused into the left anterior descending (LAD) artery were determined before (normal) and 30 min after a 15-min-period of LAD occlusion (stunned) in an open-chest canine model. Percentage segment shortening (%SS) and percentage postsystolic shortening (%PSS) in the LAD territory were determined using ultrasonic crystals and CBF using a Doppler transducer. Myocardial extraction of oxygen (EO2) and lactate (Elac) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The infusion of calcium chloride resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS and MVO2 but did not affect %PSS in normal myocardium. These changes were accompanied by parallel increases in CBF, resulting in no change in EO2. In stunned myocardium, the responses to calcium chloride were not significantly altered, with the exception of a reduction in %PSS. However, ischaemia and reperfusion itself significantly reduced %SS and Elac and increased %PSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that calcium chloride improves regional systolic and diastolic function both in normal and stunned myocardium. Calcium chloride is unlikely to cause direct coronary vasoconstriction or to deteriorate regional mechanical function in postischaemic myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yo
authors.forename: J U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002122:Calcium Chloride