title: Age-related prevalence of anterior segment complications in patients with infantile nephropathic cystinosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As a result of successful renal transplantation, patients with nephropathic cystinosis are now living into adulthood. As these patients age, anterior segment ocular complications, other than deposition of corneal crystals, become more evident. With our experience with 172 patients followed up at the National Institutes of Health between 1976 and 2000, the prevalence of anterior segment complications in nephropathic cystinosis was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional examination of age-specific prevalence was performed with logistic regression analysis of prevalence change with age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Besides the corneal crystals apparent in all age groups, superficial punctate keratopathy, filamentary keratopathy, severe peripheral corneal neovascularization, band keratopathy, and posterior synechiae with iris thickening and transillumination were noted in the older age groups. The prevalence increased with age for each complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As patients with cystinosis grow older, more severe ophthalmic manifestations become evident. It remains to be seen how the prevalence of these complications will be altered by early initiation of oral and topical cysteamine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10,Rm 10N226, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A. tsiloue@nei.nih.gov
authors.forename: Ekaterini T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Tsilou
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Fumino
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gahl
authors.forename: Muriel I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kaiser-Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003554:Cystinosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007499:Iris Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis