title: Pulmonary toxicity of a formulated preparation of fenvalerate in rats subchronically exposed by nose only inhalation for 90 days.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pulmonary toxicity of a commercially available formulated preparation of Fenvalerate (Fen), a synthetic pyrethroid has been studied in rats following subchronic nose only inhalation exposure route.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male rats were exposed to Fen for 4 h/day, 5 days a week for 90 days by using Flow Past Dynamic Nose only Inhalation Chamber.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fen exposed rats showed a significant increase in enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) which are considered as biochemical indicators of pulmonary damage. The concomitant histopathological examination of Fen exposed rats' lung revealed inflammatory changes viz., influx of mononuclear cells admixed with a few giant cells in alveolar lumen, hypetrophied bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial lining cells and presence of edematous fluid in alveolar lumen alongwith congested parenchymatous blood vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results for the first time indicate the pulmonary toxic effects of a commonly used formulated Fen preparation by using rat model and nose only inhalation as the route of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M. G. Marg, P. Box No. 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, India.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Maji
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Dutta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D009666:Nose; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017690:fenvalerate