title: Rapid identification of Streptococcus intermedius by PCR with the ily gene as a species marker gene.
abstract: Streptococcus intermedius belongs to the anginosus group of streptococci (AGS) and is associated with endogenous infections leading to abscesses in the oral cavity and at deepseated sites, such as the brain and liver. Two other species, S. anginosus and S. constellatus, and some presently unnamed taxa, are also classified as AGS. Recently, S. constellatus subsp. pharyngis, a new subspecies with biochemical characteristics similar to S. intermedius, was described with the potential for causing confusion when trying to identify isolates of these two species routinely with commercial identification kits, such as Rapid ID32 Strep and Fluo-Card Milleri. To correctly identify S. intermedius, this study attempted to develop an accurate PCR identification system with the ily gene as a species marker. This approach relies on amplification of an 819-bp fragment of the ily gene and its 3'-flanking region and is shown here to be specific for S. intermedius strains among all other streptococcal species. Moreover, this PCR system was applicable in direct rapid PCR with whole bacterial cells and TaKaRa Z-Taq (TaKaRa), a highly efficient DNA polymerase, as the template and DNA amplification enzyme, respectively.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagamune
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Ooki
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ezaki
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minami-josanjima cho, Tokushima 770-8506, †Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Kuramotocho, Tokushima 770-8504, ‡Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, §Department of Microbiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012 and ∥Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kourai
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001430:Bacteriocins; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001430:Bacteriocins; D003603:Cytotoxins; C403910:intermedilysin protein, Streptococcus intermedius