title: Short-term effect of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents on ocular blood flow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study the acute effect of the topically-delivered non-selective beta-blockers timolol and carteolol, and the selective beta-blocker betaxolol, were evaluated with respect to ocular blood flow, intraocular pressure (IOP) and vessel resistance in rabbits' eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double masked randomized design, one eye of each subject (n = 9) received two drops of 0.5 % timolol or 2 % cartelol or 0.5 % betaxolol ophthalmic solution and a separate group of nine rabbits received two drops of placebo consisting of physiological saline in both eyes to serve as control. Using hydrogen clearance method, ciliary body blood flow (CiBF), choroidal blood flow (CBF), and retinal blood flow (RBF) were measured. IOP and systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP) of each subject were measured under same condition before and after the administration of respective drugs to calculate the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and vessel resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In timolol- and carteolol-treated eyes significant reduction was observed in IOP (p < 0.01), CiBF (p < 0.01), CBF (p < 0.01) and RBF (p < 0.01) compared to control eyes. However, in betaxolol-treated eyes a marginal reduction in IOP was observed accompanied by significant increase in CiBF (p < 0.01) and RBF (p < 0.05). The non-selective beta-blocker-treated eyes tended to have increased vessel resistance, whereas, selective beta-blocker-treated eyes tended to have decreased vessel resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our current results comparing non-selective and selective beta-blockers suggest that the selective beta-blocker betaxolol may be more appropriate for maintenance of retinal blood flow in situations with low perfusion. Currently the mechanism for regulation of IOP is unclear; however, the findings from this study indicate that decreased CiBF may contribute to reduction in IOP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015784:Betaxolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002354:Carteolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000098:blood supply; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D013999:Timolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D013999:Timolol; D002354:Carteolol; D015784:Betaxolol