title: Over-the-counter antifungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate what proportion of symptomatic women purchasing over-the-counter antifungal products for immediate treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis have vulvovaginal candidiasis or other genitourinary conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A time-location sample of 95 symptomatic women who purchased and presented with an over-the-counter antifungal product for immediate and personal treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis were evaluated by clinical examination and pertinent laboratory tests. The percentage of women diagnosed having vulvovaginal candidiasis or other conditions, proportions of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis compared between groups with and without a prior diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, and groups that read or did not read the over-the-counter package label were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actual diagnoses for women who self-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis were: vulvovaginal candidiasis 33.7%, bacterial vaginosis 18.9%, mixed vaginitis 21.1%, normal 13.7%, other diagnoses 10.5%, and trichomonas vaginitis 2.1%. Women with a previous clinically based diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis were not more accurate in diagnosing vulvovaginal candidiasis than women without a prior clinical diagnosis (chi(2) = 0.27, P =.6). Women who read the package label were no more likely to have vulvovaginal candidiasis than were women who did not read the label (Fisher exact test, P =.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many women who self-diagnose and use an over-the-counter product for treatment of presumed vulvovaginal candidiasis do not have vulvovaginal candidiasis. A history of a previous clinically based diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis and reading the package label do not help women self-diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis properly. Ready access to these products is associated with wasted financial expenditures, unfulfilled expectations, and a delay in correct diagnosis for a substantial number of women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA. dferris@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: Daron G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyirjesy
authors.forename: Jack D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soper
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavletic
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004348:Drug Labeling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010808:Physical Examination; D012651:Self Medication; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs