title: Regulation of nuclear gamma interferon gene expression by interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-2 represents a novel form of posttranscriptional control.
abstract: Posttranscriptional control of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene expression has not been extensively studied and is poorly understood. Our work describes a posttranscriptional mechanism that modulates IFN-gamma mRNA expression in stimulated natural killer (NK) cells through nuclear retention of the IFN-gamma mRNA. This is evidenced by the elevated and sustained nuclear accumulation of both precursor and processed IFN-gamma mRNAs in NK cells stimulated with interleukin-12 (IL-12). The elevated nuclear mRNA accumulation persists long after transcriptional activity has subsided and the rate of cytoplasmic IFN-gamma mRNA accumulation has dropped. The IL-12-induced nuclear retention of the IFN-gamma mRNA prevails until a secondary cytokine stimulus is received. The secondary stimulus, which is initiated by IL-2, mediates transcription-independent movement of the nuclear IFN-gamma mRNA. Concurrent with the nucleocytoplasmic movement of the IFN-gamma mRNA, we have observed increases in the amount of processed nuclear IFN-gamma mRNA that are greater than that seen for the unprocessed IFN-gamma mRNA. The increase in processed IFN-gamma mRNA appears to be due to increased mRNA stability which then promotes increased nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the mature IFN-gamma mRNA. These data support a model whereby mobilization of nuclear IFN-gamma mRNA stores allows NK cells to rapidly and robustly respond to secondary cytokine activators in a transcription-independent manner, thus shortening the time for overall cellular response to inflammatory signals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute-Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Julias
authors.forename: Lynn S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D026723:Polyadenylation / Q000502:physiology; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000502:physiology*; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma