title: [Comparison of the cephalometric characteristics of snoring patients and apneic patients as a function of the degree of obesity. Apropos of 162 cases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to compare cephalometric analysis of craniofacial features in normal weight or obese subjects who are habitual snorers or apneic. We conducted a retrospective comparison of their clinical and cephalometric features by degree of obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty two male subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) diagnosed by conventional polysomnography were included in the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and their apnea/hypopnea index (AHI: Group 1 = normal-weight snorers (34 patients), Group 2 = normal-weight apneic subjects (40 patients), Group 3 = obese snorers (20 patients), Group 4 = obese apneic subjects (68 patients). Lateral cephalometry was performed in all patients. Intergroup comparisons (2/4, 1/2, 3/4) were made using 32 parameters to study the influence of the size of bone structures, their relationships, and size of the upper airways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four groups were comparable for age. AHI was higher for group 4 (obese apneic) compared with group 1 (normal-weight snorers). Compared with group 3 (obese snorers), group 1 (normal-weight snorers) had a retroposition of the mandible (smaller SNB and ANB angle), an accentuated facial divergence and a narrower pharyngeal space at the hyoid bone level. Compared with group 1 (normal-weight snorers), group 2 (normal-weight apneic) had a narrower pharyngeal space at different levels. Compared with group 3 (obese snorers), group 4 (obese apneic) had a lower hyoid bone evaluated with different cephalometric variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study mainly shows that apneic patients exhibit craniofacial differences when divided into two groups according to their body mass index. Our findings are consistent with previous reports and could suggest a dual etiology of OSAS.
authors.affiliation: Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Hôpital Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, 1 avenue Jean Poulhes, 31 403 Toulouse.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iked
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hazime
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dekeister
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiberge
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Paoli
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002508:Cephalometry; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology; D017286:Polysomnography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000473:pathology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000473:pathology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric