title: A method for determination of upper extremity kinematics.
abstract: Kinematic analysis of the upper extremity has been conducted using a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and analytic methods. We describe a simple, marker-based three-dimensional video analytic technique that borrows concepts from lower extremity kinematic analysis. A sequential rotation order about orthogonal axes is described, although alternate methods are examined as well. The method has been verified by application to a mechanical model. In certain positions, gimbal lock may occur, and a different sequence of rotational decomposition may be required. Agreement on standardization of technique would assist in the dissemination of upper extremity scientific data.
authors.affiliation: Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. grab@shrinenet.org
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rab
authors.forename: Kyria
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petuskey
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagley
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity