title: Stability and activity of specific antibodies against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in bovine milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG or treated at ultra-high temperature.
abstract: Passive local immunization against dental caries is a promising approach to its prevention, as clinical evidence of active oral or nasal immunization is still limited and controversial. By means of systemic immunization of pregnant cows with a multivalent vaccine, high titres of IgG antibodies against human cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, were produced in bovine colostrum. The purified immune product (IP) of this preparation has a number of anticariogenic properties, such as inhibition of streptococcal adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and inhibition of glucosyltransferase enzymes. This study investigated whether IP antibodies remained active and functional when added to ultra-high temperature (UHT)-treated milk or to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-fermented milk stored for an extended time. LGG was chosen because of its widely known health benefits in humans and animals. A commercial UHT toddler's milk was supplemented with IP and stored for 2 months at 5, 21 and 30 degrees C. The antistreptococcal titres in UHT milk did not decline at any temperature during storage, and UHT-IP inhibited the adherence of S. mutans for up to 2 months. This was not the case with UHT toddler's milk without IgG antibodies. Milk was fermented with live LGG cells in the presence or absence of 5% IP. The antistreptococcal titres declined to about 30% of the original titres after storage. Fresh milk alone slightly enhanced streptococcal adhesion but fresh milk with IP inhibited the adherence of S. mutans by over 50%. LGG-positive fermented milk without antibodies also inhibited (P < 0.05) the adhesion by about 40%. In both LGG-fermented and UHT immune milk, the activity of antibodies against cariogenic streptococci was maintained during the expected shelf-life of these products. From the anticariogenic point of view it may be beneficial to add bovine-specific antibodies against mutans streptococci to probiotic LGG-containing milk products.
authors.affiliation: Agrifood Research Finland, Food Research, Jokioinen, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loimaranta
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenovuo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rokka
authors.forename: E-L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Syväoja
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Joutsjoki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marnila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002417:Cattle; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000276:immunology*; D019936:Probiotics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000276:immunology*; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D017886:Durapatite