title: Nurses' use of time in a medical-surgical ward with all-RN staffing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate allocation of nursing time, organisation of nursing activities and whether or not allocation and organisation have changed over time.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In a ward that changed to all-RN staffing, the nurses were encouraged to implement a patient-focused philosophy. The nurses perceived that they had difficulty in using the time available efficiently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-participant observations were conducted with 2-year intervals. Ten consecutive weekdays were covered on two occasions. The study was carried out at a university hospital in Sweden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between observations, a significant change in the organization of the direct care had occurred, and the same tendency was found in patient administration and general management. The organization of work changed from a partly fragmented to a more coherent one. The time used for direct care and administrative activities increased between the two observations, while indirect care, personal and service activities decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be suggested that the nurses used their time efficiently and, over time, they developed a more coherent way of organizing nursing activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Institute of Health Care Pedagogics, Göteborg University, Billerudsgatan 1, 416 75 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Segesten
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000458:organization & administration; D006302:Health Services Research; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D009736:Nursing Process; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D013548:Sweden; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D000078329:Workforce