Antibody-mediated enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity is determined by the structure of gp120 and depends on modulation of the gp120-CCR5 interaction.
In this study, we characterized the viral determinants of coreceptor usage in relation to susceptibility to antibody-mediated neutralization or enhancement of infectivity by using chimeras of three highly related human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates of different phenotypes. We found that the V3 region was the main determinant of antibody-mediated enhancement and coreceptor specificity but that the overall structure of gp120 was also important for these properties. Constructs susceptible to antibody-mediated enhancement preferentially use CCR5 as a coreceptor, in contrast to constructs that were neutralized or not affected. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against CD4 or CCR5, we were able to show that antibody-mediated enhancement was CD4 dependent. Altogether, our results suggest that the modulation of the interaction of gp120 with CCR5 is the mechanism underlying antibody-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infectivity.
Guillon
Christophe
C
Department of Virology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Schutten
Martin
M
Boers
Patrick H M
PH
Gruters
Rob A
RA
Osterhaus
Albert D M E
AD
D019067:Antibody-Dependent Enhancement; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins