title: Corticosteroid injections, physiotherapy, or a wait-and-see policy for lateral epicondylitis: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lateral epicondylitis is generally treated with corticosteroid injections or physiotherapy. Dutch clinical guidelines recommend a wait-and-see policy. We compared the efficacy of these approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with lateral epicondylitis of at least 6 weeks' duration were recruited by family doctors. We randomly allocated eligible patients to 6 weeks of treatment with corticosteroid injections, physiotherapy, or a wait-and-see policy. Outcome measures included general improvement, severity of the main complaint, pain, elbow disability, and patient satisfaction. Severity of elbow complaints, grip strength, and pressure pain threshold were assessed by a research physiotherapist who was unaware of treatment allocation. We assessed all outcomes at 3, 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. The principal analysis was done on an intention-to-treat basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomly assigned 185 patients. At 6 weeks, corticosteroid injections were significantly better than all other therapy options for all outcome measures. Success rates were 92% (57) compared with 47% (30) for physiotherapy and 32% (19) for wait-and-see policy. However, recurrence rate in the injection group was high. Long-term differences between injections and physiotherapy were significantly in favour of physiotherapy. Success rates at 52 weeks were 69% (43) for injections, 91% (58) for physiotherapy, and 83% (49) for a wait-and-see policy. Physiotherapy had better results than a wait-and-see policy, but differences were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients should be properly informed about the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment options for lateral epicondylitis. The decision to treat with physiotherapy or to adopt a wait-and-see policy might depend on available resources, since the relative gain of physiotherapy is small.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. n.smidt.emgo@med.vu.nl
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smidt
authors.forename: Daniëlle A W M
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: van der Windt
authors.forename: Willem J J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Assendelft
authors.forename: Walter L J M
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Devillé
authors.forename: Ingeborg B C
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Korthals-de Bos
authors.forename: Lex M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D013716:Tennis Elbow / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids