title: Pre-treatment nomogram for biochemical control after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and radical radiotherapy for clinically localised prostate cancer.
abstract: Phase III studies have demonstrated the clinical benefit of adding neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation to radical radiotherapy for clinically localised prostate cancer. We have developed a nomogram to describe the probability of PSA control for patients treated in this way. Five hundred and seventeen men with clinically localised prostate cancer were treated with 3-6 months of neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation and radical radiotherapy (64Gy in 32#) between 1988 and 1998. Median presenting PSA was 20 ng x ml(-1), and 56% of patients had T3/4 disease. Multivariate analysis of pre-treatment factors was performed, and a nomogram developed to describe PSA-failure-free survival probability. At a median follow-up of 44 months, 233 men had developed PSA failure. Presenting PSA, histological grade and clinical T stage were all highly predictive of PSA failure on multivariate analysis. The nomogram score for an individual patient is given by the summation of PSA (<10=0, 10-19=16, 20-49=44, > or =50=100), grade (Gleason 2-4=0, 5-7=44, 8-10=81) and T stage (T1/2=0, T3/4=35). For a nomogram score of 0, 50, 100 and 150 points the 2 year PSA control rate was 93, 87, 75 and 54%, and the 5 year PSA control rate was 82, 67, 44 and 18%. These results are comparable to those using surgery or higher doses of radical radiotherapy alone. The nomogram illustrates the results of multivariate analysis in a visually-striking way, and facilitates comparisons with other treatment methods.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK. ccparker@doctor.org.uk
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Huddart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horwich
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dearnaley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017273:Goserelin; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D016729:Leuprolide