title: How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
abstract: A selective review of research in the executive functioning (EF) is given for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), higher functioning autism (HFA) and Tourette syndrome. The review is restricted due to changes in the classification of the disorder in recent years and secondly the heterogeneity of EF is restricted to five key areas of concern, inhibition, set shifting, working memory, planning, and fluency. The review makes clear that there are strong differences between child psychopathological groups and controls on these EFs. However, future research will be needed to identify an EF deficit or profile, which is specific for these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Klinische Neuropsychologie, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ja.sergeant@psy.vu.nl
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sergeant
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oosterlaan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*