title: Candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.
abstract: The confirmation of supposed genes causing susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate alone (CP) would help to understand the molecular development of the lip, the palate and the jaw, and to predict more accurately the risk of recurrence of such defects. The purpose of this article is to present a brief review of the current state of knowledge regarding the search for genes responsible for the occurrence of CL/P and CP. After ten years of research, approximately twenty candidate genes have already been suggested for CL/P and CP. Some genes or chromosomal regions seem to be frequently associated with these defects and a specific nomenclature (orofacial cleft genes--OFC) has been suggested. Everything indicates that it will still take many years of research before the genes responsible for CL/P and CP are confirmed. These efforts are justified, however, because of the possibility of being able to predict more accurately the risk of such defects occurring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Orioli
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000235:genetics; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
chemical_list: D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; C000631344:BCL3 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; C509041:TGFB2 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3