title: Prognostic evaluation of breast cancer in cytologic specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prognostic factors in breast cancer using cytologic samples and to determine the correlation between those factors and ploidy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixteen fine needle aspirates from patients with primary breast cancer were analyzed for expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), Ki-67 antigen, expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene and overexpression of c-erbB-2 using a standard immunochemical method. Not all subjects had all biomarker information because of the study design (c-erbB2 added later). The specimens were analyzed also for ploidy. We used the SAMBA 4000 image analysis system for quantification of the percent of cells stained positively by the different immunocytochemical stains andfor ploidy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant correlation wasfound between ER and PR and between Ki-67 and positive p53. Steroid receptor content was not significantly related to p53, Ki-67 or c-erbB2. No correlation was found between c-erbB2 and the other biomarkers. Ploidy had a significant correlation with all the biomarkers used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reliable and rapid evaluation of markers for breast cancer can be achieved by measuring cells stained positively by immunocytochemical stains, as well as ploidy, by means of an image analysis system. ER, PR Ki-67, p53 and c-erbB2 had a significant correlation with ploidy and overall prognostic value in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytopathology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. g_klorin@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Geula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klorin
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keren
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53