title: Modulation of active pharmaceutical material release from a novel 'tablet in capsule system' containing an effervescent blend.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to obtain programmed drug delivery from hard gelatin capsules containing a hydrophilic plug (HPMC or guar gum). The significance of factors such as type of plug (powder or tablet), plug thickness and the formulation of fill material on the release pattern of diltiazem HCl, a model drug, was investigated. The body portion of the hard gelatin capsules was cross-linked by the combined effect of formaldehyde and heat treatment. A linear relationship was observed between weight of HPMC K15M and log % drug released at 4 h from the capsules containing the plug in powder form. In order to accelerate the drug release after a lag time of 4 h, addition of an effervescent blend, NaHCO(3) and citric acid, in the capsules was found to be essential. The plugs of HPMC in tablet form, with or without a water soluble adjuvant (NaCl or lactose) were used for obtaining immediate drug release after the lag time. Sodium chloride did not cause significant influence on drug release whereas lactose favourably affected the drug release. The capsules containing HPMC K15M tablet plug (200 mg) and 35 mg effervescent blend in body portion of the capsule met the selection criteria of less than 10% drug release in 4 h and immediate drug release thereafter. It is further shown that the drug release was also dependant on the type of swellable hydrophilic agent (HPMC or guar gum) and molecular weight of HPMC (K15M or 20 cPs). The results reveal that programmed drug delivery can be obtained from hard gelatin capsules by systemic formulation approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India. mukeshgohel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mukesh C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gohel
authors.forename: Manhapra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumitra G
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010078:Oxazines; D053149:Plant Gums; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D010078:Oxazines; D053149:Plant Gums; D011208:Powders; D013607:Tablets; D008747:Methylcellulose; C071191:MK 458; C007894:guar gum; D004110:Diltiazem; D007785:Lactose