title: Relationship between brain temperature, brain chemistry and oxygen delivery after severe human head injury: the effect of mild hypothermia.
abstract: We studied brain temperature and the effect of mild hypothermia in 58 patients after severe head injury (SHI). Brain tissue oxygen tension (ptiO2), carbon dioxide tension (ptiCO2), tissuie pH (pHti) and temperature (T.br) were measured using a multiparameter probe. Microdialysis was performed to measure glucose, lactate, glutamate, and aspartate in the extracellular fluid. Mild hypothermia (34 degrees-36 degrees C) was employed in 33 selected patients who had persistent increased intracranial pressure (ICP > 20 mmHg). Mild induced hypothermia decreased brain oxygen significantly from 33 +/- 24 mmHg to 30 +/- 22 mmHg (p < 0.05). The ptiCO2 (46 +/- 8 mmHg) was also significantly lower during mild hypothermia (40.4 +/- 4.0 mmHg), p < 0.0001). The pHti increased from 7.13 +/- 0.15 to 7.24 +/- 0.10 (p < 0.0001) under hypothermic conditions. Induced hypothermia may protect patients from secondary ischemic events by lowering the critical ptiO2 threshold, reducing anaerobic metabolism, and decreasing the release of excitatory aminoacids. However, patients with spontaneous brain hypothermia on admission (Tbr < 36.0 degrees C) showed significantly higher levels of glutamate as well as lactate, compared to all other patients, and had a worse outcome. Spontaneous brain hypothermia carries a poor prognosis, and was characterized by markedly abnormal brain metabolic indices.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soukup
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zauner
authors.forename: Egon M R
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Doppenberg
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menzel
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: Harold F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017551:Microdialysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005947:Glucose