title: Ultrafast flow quantification with segmented k-space magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping.
abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) phase-velocity mapping (PVM) is routinely being used clinically to measure blood flow velocity. Conventional nonsegmented PVM is accurate but relatively slow (3-5 min per measurement). Ultrafast k-space segmented PVM offers much shorter acquisitions (on the order of seconds instead of minutes). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of segmented PVM in quantifying flow from through-plane velocity measurements. Experiments were performed using four straight tubes (inner diameter of 5.6-26.2 mm), under a variety of steady (1.7-200 ml/s) and pulsatile (6-90 ml/cycle) flow conditions. Two different segmented PVM schemes were tested, one with five k-space lines per segment and one with nine lines per segment. Results showed that both segmented sequences provided very accurate flow quantification (errors<5%) under both steady and pulsatile flow conditions, even under turbulent flow conditions. This agreement was confirmed via regression analysis. Further statistical analysis comparing the flow data from the segmented PVM techniques with (i) the data from the nonsegmented technique and (ii) the true flow values showed no significant difference (all p values>>0.05). Preliminary flow measurements in the ascending aorta of two human subjects using the nonsegmented sequence and the segmented sequence with nine lines per segment showed very close agreement. The results of this study suggest that ultrafast PVM has great potential to measure blood velocity and quantify blood flow clinically.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biofluid Mechanics and Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cleveland State University, OH 44115-2425, USA.
authors.forename: Haosen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sandr S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Halliburton
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Orlando P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Paulo R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schvartzman
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chatzimavroudis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity