title: Tamoxifen-induced endometrial changes in postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on the endometrium in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study of postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma, who were undergoing treatment in the Department of Radiotherapy and Surgery at the Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India was done. Thirty-five women who were on tamoxifen (20 mg/day) for a period of at least 6 months formed the study group. Thirty-three women who were not receiving tamoxifen, formed the control group. Subjects in both groups had a pelvic examination and transvaginal sonogram followed by endometrial biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in the mean endometrial thickness between the study group and control group (7.8+/-6.4 mm vs. 4.0+/-2.0 mm, respectively) More women in the tamoxifen group had an endometrial thickness of >5 mm but the number of women with polyps or hyperplasia of the endometrium did not differ significantly between the two groups. There were no women with endometrial carcinoma in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All patients on tamoxifen need to be evaluated by clinical examination annually. A transvaginal sonogram and endometrial biopsy/hysteroscopy may be performed on patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding, bloody discharge, staining or spotting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology & Radiotherapy, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juneja
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kekre
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seshadri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen