'Not so wrong that we are prepared to threaten the entire service': the regulation of reproductive technologies in the UK.
In the UK human embryo research and infertility treatments are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), a national statutory body set up in 1991. Clinics are required by law to be licensed by the HFEA and open to inspection. In 1999 there were 107 clinics licensed to carry out IVF and/or donor insemination. There are regional variations in National Health Service funding and seventy-five percent of those treated pay for most of their treatment, usually to avoid long waiting lists or because they do not meet the eligibility criteria set by their local health authority. Having described the code of practice laid down by the HFEA the paper discusses the implications of new reproductive technologies from a social science perspective, focusing on three topics which continue to be debated by the media, the regulatory authorities, health professionals and 'lay' people. First, age limits and other criteria for assisted reproduction which raise the question 'who should be allowed to reproduce?' Second, donor anonymity and the question of payment for donors. Finally, the screening and selection of embryos for implantation and the recurring theme in the media of 'designer babies'. The HFEA can be seen to fulfill its intended role, mediating between the infertility professionals, patients and the wider general public. It seeks to allay public fears while supporting professionals by avoiding restrictions on research and treatment and by consulting with the public as to when extensions to research will be acceptable.
Levitt
M
M
Centre for Professional Ethics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, England. malevitt@uclan.ac.uk
D003219:Confidentiality; D033041:Embryo Research; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards; D014019:Tissue Donors; D006113:United Kingdom; D014930:Women