title: Changes in hip fracture epidemiology: redistribution between ages, genders and fracture types.
abstract: After several reports of increasing hip fracture incidence some studies have suggested a trend-break. In a previous study of hip fractures we forecast a 70% increase in the total number of fractures from 1985 up to year 2000. We therefore studied the incidence trend for the last 15 years and supply a new prognosis up to year 2010. We recorded all incident hip fractures treated in the county of Ostergötland, Sweden (approximately 400,000 inhabitants) 1982-96. A total of 11,517 hip fractures in men and women aged 50 years and above were included in the study after cross-validation between a computerized register of radiologic investigations and the hospital records. The projected number of fractures up to year 2010 was estimated by a Poisson regression model, considering both age and year of fracture in every single year 1982-96 for the respective fracture type and gender, and applied to the projected population. The annual number of hip fractures increased by 39% in men and 25% in women during the study period. Amongst men, the age-adjusted incidence of cervical fractures increased from 188 to 220/100,000 and of trochanteric fractures from 138 to 170/100,000. In women the incidence of cervical fractures decreased from 462/100,000 to 418/100,000 and of trochanteric fractures from 407/100,000 to 361/100,000. Cervical/trochanteric fracture incidence rate ratio leveled off, and also the female/male fracture rate ratio declined. A prognosis assuming that the incidence development will continue as during 1982-96, and a population in agreement with the forecast, predicts that the total age- and sex-adjusted number of hip fractures will decrease by 11% up to year 2010 compared with 1996. In women and men, however, a decrease of 19% and an increase of 7% respectively were projected. If the age- and sex-specific incidence remains at the same level as at the end of the study period, no significant change in the total numbers will occur. A trend-break was thus found in hip fracture incidence for women but not for men. Whether this is due to therapeutic and/or preventive measures in women is unknown. According to the most probable scenario a substantial increase in male trochanteric fractures (36%) is expected up to 2010, while all other hip fractures in both genders will decrease by 4-32% resulting in a total reduction of 11%.
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Department of Health and Environment, Sweden. owe.lofman@lio.se
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Löfman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toss
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology