title: GH is a regulator of IGF2 promoter-specific transcription in human liver.
abstract: The regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2) is complex and involves the usage of four promoters resulting in different 5' untranslated regions, but with a common translated product. The IGF2 gene product is a mitogenic and survival factor that has been suggested to be important for a normal fetal development and cancer. In this paper we present evidence suggesting that the human IGF2 gene is regulated by GH, and that this regulation occurs in a promoter-specific way. Three lines of evidence support this finding. First, in vivo data from patients treated with GH (one injection or daily injections for 5 consecutive days) showed an increase in the IGF2 P2 promoter derived transcript after acute treatment, and of the P4 promoter transcript after short-term treatment while the P1 promoter derived transcript did not show any significant change. Secondly, isolated human liver cells treated with GH for 2 h displayed an upregulation of the P2 promoter derived transcript. Thirdly, employing transfection experiments in GH-receptor positive CHO cells with P2 and P4 promoter-luciferase constructs, an upregulation by GH was evident, while a P1 promoter construct was unresponsive. We suggest that GH may be a physiological regulator of IGF2 in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Experimental Alcohol and Drug Addiction Research Section, Karolinska Hospital, L8:01, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Horn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olivecrona
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Einarsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tally
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ekström
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D013006:Growth Hormone