title: Telomerase activity and Bcl-2 expression in human breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeres and plays an important role in cellular immortalization. Bcl-2 gene encodes for a mitochondrial protein thought to prevent apoptosis of normal cells. We previously reported telomerase activity in 74% of human invasive breast cancers and detected a significant association between telomerase activity and prognostic parameters such as nodal status, tumour size and cellular proliferation. We hypothesized that telomerase reactivation in human breast cancer was associated with increased immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bcl-2 immunohistochemical expression was determined in 25 infiltrating breast carcinomas with known telomerase activity (17 telomerase-positive and 8 telomerase-negative). The percentage of strongly and moderately stained tumour cells for Bcl-2 was determined by a breast pathologist who was blinded to telomerase data. Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association between telomerase activity and Bcl-2 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median percentage of strongly stained tumour cells was 50% for telomerase-positive tumours (range, 0--100%) and 45% for telomerase-negative tumours (range, 0--100%). Twelve (70%) of 17 telomerase-positive tumours expressed strong or moderate Bcl-2 staining in >50% of tumour cells compared with six (75%) of eight telomerase-negative tumours (P=1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telomerase reactivation seems to be independent of Bcl-2 protein expression in human breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Breast Cancer Centre, St George's Hospital and Medical School, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Elkak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mears
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghilchik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newbold
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mokbel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019098:Telomerase