title: Analysis of endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate in air and tomato leaves by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Rapid analytical methods for the determination of endosulfan isomers and endosulfan-sulfate in air and plant samples were developed. The insecticides were trapped from air using a column containing Florisil and extracted with a low volume of ethyl acetate, assisted by sonication. Pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection using a nonpolar capillary column. Residue identities were confirmed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Recoveries of these compounds from air samples were always higher than 78% with an RSD lower than 11% and the detection limits obtained were at least 0.3 ng/l air. Leaf samples were homogenised with ethyl acetate and extracts cleaned-up on an aluminium oxide column. Pesticides were eluted with a hexane-ethyl acetate (80:20, v/v) mixture. Recoveries obtained from plant samples were higher than 78% with an RSD lower than 14% and detection limits in leaves were 0.02 microg/g for each pesticide. These methods were applied to study the volatilisation of endosulfan from tomato leaves under laboratory conditions. A volatilisation rate near 1% of the initial amount of endosulfan per hour was obtained during the first 24 h at room temperature.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Uso Sostenible del Medio Natural (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Brunete
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tadeo
mesh_terms: D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007536:Isomerism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004726:Endosulfan