title: Monitoring method for surface contamination caused by selected antineoplastic agents.
abstract: A method of evaluating surface contamination caused by selected antineoplastic agents was studied. The antineoplastic agents tested were cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, fluorouracil, and paclitaxel. Each agent was reconstituted and prepared as a stock solution. A 0.1-mL portion of each solution was spread evenly over a 600-cm2 area of a stainless steel surface, a resin countertop surface, and a vinyl flooring surface. After drying, the surfaces were wiped with each of two types of commercially available wiping materials (What-man no. 42 filters and Kimberly-Clark Kimwipes). A blend of methanol, acetonitrile, and buffered water was used both as the wetting agent for wiping the surfaces and as a desorbing solution. The desorbate was analyzed for drug concentration by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mean +/- S.D. percent total recovery ranged from 72.4% +/- 17.6% to 95.3% +/- 2.9% for the vinyl surface wiped with filters, 91.5% +/- 5.4% to 104.7% +/- 0.8% for the resin surface wiped with filters, 73.9% +/- 2.3% to 95.3% +/- 1.7% for the stainless steel surface wiped with filters, and 18.2% +/- 1.4% to 372.8% +/- 8.0% for the stainless steel surface wiped with Kimwipes. Results were best for ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. Kimwipes were deemed ineffective for this monitoring method because an ingredient interfered with the quantitative analytical tests. A wipe-sampling, desorption, and HPLC method for monitoring surface contamination by selected antineoplastic agents was sufficiently accurate and sensitive to evaluate surfaces typically found in both the pharmacy and drug administration areas of oncology treatment facilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 317, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khazaeli
authors.forename: H Kenneth
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D003666:Decontamination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000032:analysis; D008851:Micropore Filters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016522:Oncology Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000032:analysis; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012997:Solvents; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017239:Paclitaxel; D005472:Fluorouracil; D007069:Ifosfamide