title: Endothelial markers and adhesion molecules in acute ischemic stroke--sequential change and differences in stroke subtype.
abstract: The progress of a stroke concerns the activation of endothelial cells and platelets. We measured the plasma activities of von Willebrand factor (vWf) and the serum levels of soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) as endothelial markers, and the plasma concentrations of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) as adhesion molecules during the acute (within 48 h from onset) and subacute (after 1 month from the onset) phases of 52 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and 86 age-matched control subjects. The plasma vWf activities and levels of sP-and sE-selectins in stroke patients were significantly elevated compared with those in controls during both the acute and subacute phases. The serum levels of sTM in stroke patients were significantly higher than those in controls only during the subacute phase. In atherothrombotic infarction, the vWf activities and the levels of sP-selectin, markers for endothelial and platelet activation, remained higher until the subacute phase compared with controls, and the concentrations of sTM, a marker for endothelial injury, were increased during the subacute phase compared with during the acute phase. In lacunar infarction, the levels of sTM and sE-selectin of patients were higher only during the acute phase than controls. These findings suggest that the endothelial cell damage might be maintained until the subacute phase in atherothrombotic infarction, whereas it is remarkable only during the acute phase in lacunar infarction. The evaluation of endothelial markers and adhesion molecules would represent the pathophysiological states of stroke and may provide useful information for the treatment of the ischemic infarction.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima City 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozuka
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohriyama
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D015539:Platelet Activation; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000032:analysis; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor