Psychiatric pharmacogenetics: personalizing psychostimulant therapy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
There is a substantial amount of variation in response and adverse drug reactions to psychostimulant therapy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychiatric pharmacogenetics is a rapidly developing field, which can be applied to identify genetic predictors of this variability in outcome to psychostimulant medications. This article will briefly review ADHD and its pharmacotherapy. This will be followed by an overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methylphenidate, the most commonly used psychostimulant in the US. Then the field of psychiatric pharmacogenetics will be introduced and its methodology will be described. This will be followed by a discussion about how pharmacogenetics can be applied to children afflicted with ADHD. The future of psychiatric pharmacogenetics will then be presented with an emphasis being placed on developing prospects that will ensure the continued advancement of this field.
Masellis
Mario
M
Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Ont, Canada M5T 1R8.
Basile
Vincenzo S
VS
Muglia
Pierandrea
P
Ozdemir
Vural
V
Macciardi
Fabio M
FM
Kennedy
James L
JL
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate