title: The combination of external beam radiotherapy and experimental radioimmunotargeting with a monoclonal anticytokeratin antibody.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Doses to tumors of up to 80 grays (Gy) have been postulated to eradicate solid experimental tumors with radiommunotargeting, but this value has proved difficult to reach. Combining two treatment modalities, external beam radiotherapy and radioimmunotargeting, could potentially give rise to a number of advantages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this study was to detect potential benefits with different treatment timing strategies when combining external beam radiotherapy and radioimmunotargeting, with the anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (MAb) TS1 injected into a nude mouse model carrying subcutaneous human HeLa Hep 2-cell tumors. Cytokeratins are present in necrotic regions within tumors, thereby providing a potential increase in binding sites for TS1 if combined with external beam radiotherapy. External beam radiotherapy was given before, after, and simultaneously with injection of radiolabeled MAb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest yields in terms of total accumulated dose (Gy), percentage of injected activity per gram of tumor tissue, and accumulated dose per injected activity (Gy/MBq) were seen in the group receiving external beam radiotherapy prior to MAb-injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced effects may be achievable by combining external beam radiotherapy with experimental radioimmunotargeting using the monoclonal anticytokeratin antibody TS1, if the radiotherapy is given prior to MAb injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ullén
authors.forename: Per-Olov
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Löfroth
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Katrine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riklund-Ahlström
authors.forename: Torgny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stigbrand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007633:Keratins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007633:Keratins