title: Non-human primate models for investigating fear and anxiety.
abstract: Non-human primates exhibit similar physiological and behavioral responses to anxiety-inducing situations as humans and have, in fact, been successfully employed in both conditioned (i.e. conflict paradigms) and ethologically based tests of fear/anxiety (i.e. involuntary isolation, social interaction, human threat, predator confrontation). In the last decade, a renewed and growing interest in non-human primate models has resulted from the use of the small callitrichid species in behavioral pharmacology and neuroscience. This review focuses on the available non-human primate models for investigating fear/anxiety, addressing their advantages, shortcomings, and conceptual framework on which they are based. Lastly, a new ethologically based model to study anxiety and fear-induced avoidance in callitrichids--the marmoset predator confrontation test--is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Primate Center and Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, CEP 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002144:Callithrix; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D011323:Primates