title: Late results of selective axillary surgery based on contact cytology in women with operable breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interest in the possibility of intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph nodes to select patients with operable breast cancer for immediate axillary clearance encouraged this review of a long-term experience of selective axillary surgery based on intraoperative contact cytology of conventionally sampled nodes. Survival was assessed as a potential marker for understaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 437 patients who had surgery between 1991 and 1994 were reviewed to compare rates of axillary recurrence in patients who had contact cytology only with those who had contact cytology and axillary clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axillary recurrence occurred in seven (3 per cent) of 219 patients who had negative contact cytology, three (4 per cent) of 75 patients who had positive contact cytology with axillary clearance and one (1 per cent) of 93 who had axillary clearance alone. In patients with positive contact cytology, 131 (78 per cent) of 168 positive nodes were in the sample specimen, which included all positive nodes on 19 occasions. Survival probability at 36, 72 and 96 months was 92, 87 and 84 per cent respectively for patients with negative contact cytology, and 85, 73 and 71 per cent for patients with positive cytology and axillary clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A selective approach to axillary surgery based on intraoperative contact cytology of sampled lymph nodes gave good long-term control of axillary disease.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Cellular Pathology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK. crooklets@msn.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zammit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods