title: Bacteria in heart and lungs of young chicks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether the heart and lungs of young chicks harboured bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples of the heart and lungs were aseptically removed from chicks on scheduled sampling days. Experiment 1 showed that of the 360 birds evaluated during the late embryonic and early post-hatching periods, only 10.8% harboured bacteria in the heart, lungs, and heart and lungs simultaneously. Experiment 2 suggested that bacteria in these organs were transient. Twenty-three bacterial species were found in the hearts whereas 30 were found in the lungs. Experiment 3 showed that only 1.4% of embryos harboured bacteria in the yolk, albumen, heart and lungs whereas 12.9% of the embryos had bacteria in the air cell.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the post-hatching period, there was a higher incidence of bacterial isolation in the heart and lungs, whilst during the embryonic development period, there was a lower incidence of bacterial isolation from these two organs. Results suggested that the heart and lungs do not have a residual bacterial flora; rather, opportunistic bacteria occasionally pass through these tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments proved that bacteria could be isolated in the heart and lungs of healthy chicks reared from E17 to 3 weeks of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Box 9665, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tankson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thaxton
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vizzier-Thaxton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology / Q000382:microbiology*