title: Low testosterone levels in elderly men with dysthymic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A decline in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function is often seen in elderly men, and dysthymic disorder is common. Symptoms of both HPG axis hypofunction and dysthymic disorder include dysphoria, fatigue, and low libido. The authors compared total testosterone levels in three groups of elderly men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total testosterone levels were measured in subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (N=13) or dysthymic disorder (N=32) and a comparison group (N=175) who had participated in an epidemiological study of male aging and had scored below the median on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, a well-validated, self-report depression symptom inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences among the three groups in measured demographic variables, including age and weight. Median testosterone levels varied for those with dysthymic disorder (295 ng/dl), major depressive disorder (425 ng/dl), and no depression (423 ng/dl). A test for differences in central tendency showed a statistically significant difference among the three groups. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant differences between those with dysthymic disorder and those with major depressive disorder and no depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total testosterone levels were lower in elderly men with dysthymic disorder than in men with major depressive disorder and men without depressive symptoms. Dysthymic disorder in elderly men may be related to HPG axis hypofunction.
authors.affiliation: Late Life Depression Clinic, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Andre B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Roose
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Devanand
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology; D001835:Body Weight; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone