title: Dysregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and downstream effectors in human breast cancer.
abstract: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) is a growth factor-activated transforming lipid (and protein) kinase, involved in cell motility and invasion, that has multiple effectors. Relatively little is known about its expression and enzymatic activity in human breast cancer. Since growth factor receptors are amplified in breast cancer, and the tumor suppressor PTEN may be mutated in human breast cancer, it was hypothesized that PI3-K and its downstream effectors would be activated in this disease. In 11 resected tumors analyzed for expression of this kinase, a mean 3-fold increase in protein expression was observed over the corresponding adjacent control tissue. Using an in vitro lipid kinase assay of the immunoprecipitated PI3-K protein, a greater than 2-fold increase in activation was observed. These changes were observed in the absence of an activation of either protein kinase B (PKB, akt1) or p70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K). However, p21-activated kinase (Pak), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK 2) were all overexpressed and demonstrated increased enzyme activity. It may be concluded that aberrant mitogenic signaling in human breast cancer in vivo involves Pak, p38 MAPK and MAPKAPK2 downstream of PI3-K, but neither of PKB or p70 S6K. It is proposed that this pathway may serve as a useful targeting nexus for investigation of small molecule inhibitors in human breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Medicine, Jack Bell Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. bshalh@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Baljinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salh
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: Ravenska
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagey
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelech
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2; C494918:AKT1 protein, human