title: Concordance of strabismic phenotypes in monozygotic versus multizygotic twins and other multiple births.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The concordance of strabismic phenotypes was examined in monozygotic versus multizygotic twins and other multiple births to study the role of genetic background in different types of commitant strabismus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical charts of 45 consecutive pairs of twins (16 monozygotic and 18 dizygotic twins, and 11 with unknown zygosity), 3 sets of triplets (one monozygotic and 2 trizygotic triplets), and one set of quadruzygotic quadruplets examined at 6 institutions between 1973 and 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. The concordance was defined as both or all members having either esotropia or exotropia in common.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concordance of strabismic phenotypes was noted in 33 of 49 pairs or sets (67.3%): 14 of 17 monozygotic twins or triplets (82.4%), 10 of 21 multizygotic twins, triplets, or quadruplets (47.6%), and 9 of 11 twins with unknown zygosity (81.8%). The concordance rate was significantly higher in monozygosity than in multizygosity (P =.043, Fisher exact probability test). The predominant concordant phenotypes in monozygosity were accommodative esotropia and intermittent exotropia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high concordance rate of strabismic phenotypes, predominantly of accommodative esotropia and intermittent exotropia in monozygosity, suggests the genetic background for these types of strabismus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Mizue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
mesh_terms: D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009099:Multiple Birth Offspring / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011783:Quadruplets / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000235:genetics*; D014310:Triplets / Q000235:genetics*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics*