title: Child health and obstetrics-gynaecology in a problem-based learning curriculum: accepting the limits of integration and the need for differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The University of Manchester's undergraduate curriculum was reorganised in 1994. Problem-based learning (PBL) was chosen as the central educational method throughout the 5 years. A thematic interdisciplinary style provided a framework around which to select and integrate content. The theme for family, reproductive and child health for the 14-week Families and Children Module (FCM) in year 4 integrated content from obstetrics-gynaecology, paediatrics (including child psychiatry), genetics and public health. This paper focuses on the FCM which has put to test some of the principles of integration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The educational process and outcome of the FCM was evaluated with information from (1) Open Forum feedback sessions (2) student questionnaires and (3) students' performance in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant problems were encountered during the first year of the FCM (1997--98). An Open Forum for all students and staff was convened after each module in order to address the level of concern. Students' responses to questionnaires reflected the overall impression obtained from the Open Forum. Difficulties appeared to be more than the anxieties and challenges inherent in organisational change and were not simple practical timetabling problems. Tutors perceived a loss of coherence and student contact; students reported difficulties maintaining sufficient continuity of focus in clinical and academic learning experiences. The intended level of integration of paediatrics and obstetrics-gynaecology was unmanageable. Consequently, the FCM (1998-99) was divided into separate attachments for clinical learning and experience in paediatrics and obstetrics-gynaecology, each of 7 weeks' duration. Further open feedback sessions revealed that the modifications implemented in 1998-99 were associated with positive experiences for students and tutors. Comparison of responses to the evaluation questionnaires showed that students' overall rating of the module was higher (P=0.002) for 1998-99 (mean 3.4, SD 0.9) than for 1997-98 (mean 3.0, SD 1.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We emphasise that horizontal integration can result in an experience of disintegration for students and tutors. Certain disciplines, such as paediatrics and obstetrics-gynaecology, may not have enough in common for full curriculum integration.
authors.affiliation: Families and Children Module Management Group, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. lp@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dornan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004739:England; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D018794:Problem-Based Learning