title: Infections and course of disease in mild forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twenty-eight percent of patients with the Guillain-Barré syndrome remain able to walk unaided. Studying patients with the mild form of Guillain-Barré syndrome can further contribute to knowledge of the spectrum of the syndrome and explore whether this subgroup may need treatment with IV immunoglobulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients fulfilling the National Institute of Neurologic and Communicative Disorders and Stroke criteria for Guillain--Barré syndrome were included in a nationwide survey over a 2-year period. Clinical characteristics and serum samples were collected prospectively. In addition, a questionnaire was completed concerning the course and outcome of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 139 patients were included. Nineteen of the patients (14%) included were mildly affected, and 120 (86%) were severely affected. Infections with Epstein-Barr virus were found more frequently in mildly affected patients (p = 0.02). Antiganglioside antibodies were less frequently found in the mildly affected patients (p = 0.03). The degree of severity of the disease between mildly and severely affected patients was different on the day of admission (p < 0.01). Thereafter, the groups showed a remarkably similar rate of progression. Thirty-eight percent of mildly affected patients report problems in hand function and an inability to run at 3 and 6 months (all women, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difference in severity of Guillain--Barré syndrome seems to be determined in an early phase of the disease. Preceding infections and antiganglioside antibodies may influence the initial immune attack, determining the severity of the disease. The presence of residual signs in patients with mild disease may advocate the use of early treatment in mildly affected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. vankoningsveld@neur.azr.nl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Koningsveld
authors.forename: P I M
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: A D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.forename: F G A
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Van der Meché
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Van Doorn
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology