title: Partially folded structure of flavin adenine dinucleotide-depleted ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase with residual NADP+ binding domain.
abstract: Maize ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) consists of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and NADP(+) binding domains with a FAD molecule bound noncovalently in the cleft between these domains. The structural changes of FNR induced by dissociation of FAD have been characterized by a combination of optical and biochemical methods. The CD spectrum of the FAD-depleted FNR (apo-FNR) suggested that removal of FAD from holo-FNR produced an intermediate conformational state with partially disrupted secondary and tertiary structures. Small angle x-ray scattering indicated that apo-FNR assumes a conformation that is less globular in comparison with holo-FNR but is not completely chain-like. Interestingly, the replacement of tyrosine 95 responsible for FAD binding with alanine resulted in a molecular form similar to apo-protein of the wild-type enzyme. Both apo- and Y95A-FNR species bound to Cibacron Blue affinity resin, indicating the presence of a native-like conformation for the NADP(+) binding domain. On the other hand, no evidence was found for the existence of folded conformations in the FAD binding domains of these proteins. These results suggested that FAD-depleted FNR assumes a partially folded structure with a residual NADP(+) binding domain but a disordered FAD binding domain.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Daizo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000737:chemistry; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014227:Triazines; C012842:Cibacron Blue F 3GA; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; D000409:Alanine