title: Estimation of neutron and other radiation exposure components in low earth orbit.
abstract: The interaction of high-energy space radiation with spacecraft materials generates a host of secondary particles, some, such as neutrons, are more biologically damaging and penetrating than the original primary particles. Before committing astronauts to long term exposure in such high radiation environments, a quantitative understanding of the exposure and estimates of the associated risks are required. Energetic neutrons are traditionally difficult to measure due to their neutral charge. Measurement methods have been limited by mass and weight requirements in space to nuclear emulsion, activation foils, a limited number of Bonner spheres, and TEPCs. Such measurements have had limited success in quantifying the neutron component relative to the charged components. We will show that a combination of computational models and experimental measurements can be used as a quantitative tool to evaluate the radiation environment within the Shuttle, including neutrons. Comparisons with space measurements are made with special emphasis on neutron sensitive and insensitive devices.
authors.affiliation: NASA Langley Research Center, 8 West Taylor Street, MS 188B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. r.c.singleterry@larc.nasa.gov
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Singleterry
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Badavi
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Badhwar
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Clowdsley
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Heinbockel
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beaujean
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reitz
mesh_terms: D018480:Astronauts; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006801:Humans; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009502:Neutrons; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011874:Radiometry; D012306:Risk; D012666:Semiconductors; D019445:Solar Activity; D018531:Spacecraft
chemical_list: C028827:CR 39; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols