title: Blood Glucose Awareness Training in Dutch Type 1 diabetes patients. Short-term evaluation of individual and group training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were: (i) to evaluate the effects of a Dutch translation and adaptation of Blood Glucose Awareness Training (BGAT-III) on blood glucose (bg) perception, glycaemic control, and decisions not to drive or to raise the bg during hypoglycaemia; (ii) to compare the effects of individual and group BGAT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients with Type 1 diabetes participated in BGAT in either a group or an individual setting. Before and after BGAT, 39 (66%) of them completed 30-70 measurements on a hand-held computer (hhc). During every measurement, they estimated their bg, indicated whether they would drive or raise their bg on the basis of their estimation, and then measured their bg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual and group BGAT did not have significantly different effects (P = 0.35-0.98). Overall, BGAT did not significantly affect bg perception (P = 0.11-0.65). Before BGAT patients recognized a mean of 32% of their hypoglycaemic episodes, after BGAT a mean of 39% (P = 0.12). After BGAT, patients more often decided not to drive when their bg was low (P = 0.03). They tended to decide more often to raise their bg during hypoglycaemia (P = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of BGAT were smaller than expected. Possible reasons for this negative outcome may be the adapted version of BGAT (shorter in duration), a lack of statistical power, or a difference between American and European samples in their reaction to BGAT.
authors.affiliation: Section of Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. s.broers@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: le Cessie
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Ph
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spinhoven
authors.forename: N C W
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: van der Ven
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Radder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003657:Decision Making; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009426:Netherlands; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010465:Perception; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin