title: Nonfatal cancer preceding Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a population-based case-control study to investigate the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with preceding nonfatal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all incident cases of PD in Olmsted County, MN (1976-1995). Each case was matched by age and sex to a general population control. We ascertained cancer diagnoses through medical records abstraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of any cancer was lower in cases (19.4%) than in controls (23.5%) (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.49-1.27). This pattern was more pronounced in women than in men, and in patients age 71 years or younger at onset of PD than in older patients. We found an interaction between smoking and smoking-related cancers in their association with PD. Bladder cancer (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.03-2.24) and breast cancer (OR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.02-1.71) were less frequent in PD cases than in controls, whereas prostate cancer was more frequent in PD cases than in controls (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 0.60-5.37). However, these results are based on small numbers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find a strong association between PD and preceding nonfatal cancer. There were suggestive trends in analyses stratified by sex and age at onset of PD, and for specific cancers related to smoking or hormonal factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elbaz
authors.forename: Brett J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Gerpen
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Demetrius M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Maraganore
authors.forename: Shannon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ahlskog
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rocca
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*