title: Fetal, neonatal cord, and maternal plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), catalyses the degradation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. It was the aim of the present study to measure ACE activity in human fetal blood and to determine its changes with advancing gestational age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal blood was sampled by cordocentesis from six control fetuses and six fetuses with Rh isoimmunisation. Cord blood was sampled from six preterm neonates, 15 neonates after spontaneous delivery at term and six neonates at term after caesarean section. In addition, maternal ACE values were determined. ACE activity was measured using the miniaturised fluorimetric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal fetuses (13.31+/-1.41 nmol HL/min/ml) and fetuses with Rh isoimmunisation (13.08+/-2.00 nmol HL/min/ml, p<0.05). Neonatal cord blood of preterm newborns (10.43+/-0.69 nmol HL/min/ml) and term newborns (8.99+/-0.49 nmol HL/min/ml) showed a significantly decreased ACE activity compared to the fetal controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the high fetal ACE activity and the stringent regulation with advancing gestational age indicate the physiological importance of the enzyme during prenatal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany. thomas.walther@ukbf.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: Renaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maul
authors.forename: Heinz-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schultheiss
authors.forename: Wolf-E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Siems
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepan
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012203:Rh Isoimmunization / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A