title: Incidence of late-onset bleb-related complications following trabeculectomy with mitomycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of late-onset bleb-related complications following trabeculectomy with mitomycin and to report the management and outcome of bleb leaks following trabeculectomy with mitomycin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective medical record review of all patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin from June 1, 1991, through April 30, 1998, at our institution was performed. The Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to estimate the probability of (1) endophthalmitis, (2) blebitis, (3) a bleb leak, and (4) the combined outcome (the first occurrence of a bleb leak, blebitis, or endophthalmitis). This survival analysis included only the first trabeculectomy in an eye, with at least 3 months of follow-up during the study period. A separate description of bleb leak management and outcome was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred thirty-nine eyes of 198 patients were included in the survival analysis. The average follow-up was 2.7 (range, 0.3-7.3) years. Twenty eyes (8%) from 19 patients experienced a bleb leak; the adjusted incidence was 3.2% per patient-year. Five eyes (2%) had an episode of blebitis. Eight eyes (3%) experienced an episode of endophthalmitis; the follow-up adjusted incidence (number of events per patient-year) was 1.3%. Twenty-seven eyes (11%) from 26 patients had at least 1 of the complications of a bleb leak, blebitis, or endophthalmitis; the adjusted incidence was 4.4% per patient-year. A Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the 5-year probability of developing a bleb leak, blebitis, or endophthalmitis to be 17.9%, 6.3%, and 7.5%, respectively. Two hundred fifty-eight trabeculectomies in 242 eyes of 198 patients were included in the description of bleb leak management and outcome. Bleb leaks occurred in 22 eyes (9% of the 258 trabeculectomies). Seventeen eyes were successfully treated with office-based measures, and 4 ultimately underwent surgical bleb revision. One eye without infection continued to leak after 11 months of office-based therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant morbidity associated with a trabeculectomy with mitomycin. The incidence of a bleb leak or an infection continues at a fairly constant rate over time, such that at 5 years, up to 23% of all patients might develop one of these complications. An isolated bleb leak seems to be a relatively benign condition, as three quarters resolve with office-based methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2870 University Ave, Suite 206, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: DeBry
authors.forename: Todd W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Gregg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heatley
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Lyndia C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Brumback
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014130:Trabeculectomy
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D016685:Mitomycin