title: Genetic pathways in therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) in most cases develops after chemotherapy of other malignancies and shows characteristic chromosome aberrations. Two general types of t-AML have previously been identified. One type is observed after therapy with alkylating agents and characteristically presents as therapy-related myelodysplasia with deletions or loss of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 7 or loss of the whole chromosomes. The other type is observed after therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors and characteristically presents as overt t-AML with recurrent balanced chromosome aberrations. Recent research suggests that these 2 general types of t-AML can now be subdivided into at least 8 genetic pathways with a different etiology and different biologic characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Cytogenetic Laboratory, Section 4052, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedersen-Bjergaard
authors.forename: Mette K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Debes H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nerlov
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II