title: Conversion of raft associated prion protein to the protease-resistant state requires insertion of PrP-res (PrP(Sc)) into contiguous membranes.
abstract: Prion protein (PrP) is usually attached to membranes by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor that associates with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), or rafts. To model the molecular processes that might occur during the initial infection of cells with exogenous transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents, we examined the effect of membrane association on the conversion of the normal protease-sensitive PrP isoform (PrP-sen) to the protease-resistant isoform (PrP-res). A cell-free conversion reaction approximating physiological conditions was used, which contained purified DRMs as a source of PrP-sen and brain microsomes from scrapie-infected mice as a source of PrP-res. Interestingly, DRM-associated PrP-sen was not converted to PrP-res until the PrP-sen was either released from DRMs by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), or the combined membrane fractions were treated with the membrane-fusing agent polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG-assisted conversion was optimal at pH 6--7, and acid pre-treating the DRMs was not sufficient to permit conversion without PI-PLC or PEG, arguing against late endosomes/lysosomes as primary compartments for PrP conversion. These observations raise the possibility that generation of new PrP-res during TSE infection requires (i) removal of PrP-sen from target cells; (ii) an exchange of membranes between cells; or (iii) insertion of incoming PrP-res into the raft domains of recipient cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wehrly
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dorward
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chesebro
authors.forename: Byron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caughey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002474:Cell-Free System; D004351:Drug Resistance; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012608:Scrapie / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D018620:PrPSc Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C; D010450:Endopeptidases; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase