title: Remodeling of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite athletes after long-term deconditioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical significance and long-term consequences of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy associated with intensive athletic conditioning remain unresolved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively evaluated 40 elite male athletes who had shown marked LV cavity enlargement of > or = 60 mm, wall thickness of > or = 13 mm, or both in a longitudinal fashion with serial echocardiograms, initially at peak training (age 24 +/- 4 years) and subsequently after a long-term deconditioning period (1 to 13 years; mean, 5.6 +/- 3.8). After detraining, LV cavity dimension decreased by 7% (61.2 +/- 2.9 to 57.2 +/- 3.1 mm; P<0.001), maximum wall thickness by 15% (12.0 +/- 1.3 to 10.1 +/- 0.8 mm; P<0.001), and mass normalized to height by 28% (194 +/- 25 to 140 +/- 21 g/m; P<0.001). However, individual subject analysis showed persistent substantial cavity dilatation (> or = 60 mm) in 9 athletes (22%); in contrast, wall thickness returned to normal in each athlete. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that approximately 50% of the incomplete reduction in cavity dimension was explained by increased body weight and recreational physical activity performed during the follow-up period. No athlete had developed cardiac symptoms, impaired exercise performance, or evidence of LV dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV remodeling was evident after long-term detraining, with significant reduction in cavity size and normalization of wall thickness. Resolution of cavity enlargement was, however, incomplete in most cases, and substantial chamber dilatation persisted in >20% of athletes. The possibility that this residual LV hypertrophy, apparently part of the athlete's heart syndrome, may have future long-term clinical implications in some individuals cannot be excluded with certainty.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Science, Department of Medicine, Rome, Italy. ant.pelliccia@libero.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelliccia
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Maron
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Di Paolo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spataro
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Culasso
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D002306:Cardiac Volume / Q000502:physiology; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000175:diagnosis; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis; D018493:Cardiovascular Deconditioning / Q000502:physiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012384:Rome; D013177:Sports; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013995:Time; D016276:Ventricular Function