title: Decorin suppresses transforming growth factor-beta-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human mesangial cells through a mechanism that involves Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at serine-240.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) is a key mediator of extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in sclerotic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy. One of the main target cells for TGFbeta in the kidney are glomerular mesangial cells, which respond by increasing expression of ECM proteins, such as collagens, laminin and fibronectin, while suppressing the expression of ECM-degrading proteases and increasing the synthesis of ECM protease inhibitors, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Previous studies have shown that exposure of mesangial cells to chronic high-glucose conditions, such as those seen in diabetes, increases ECM deposition in a mechanism involving glucose-mediated up-regulation of TGFbeta expression. Naturally occurring inhibitors of this TGFbeta-dependent fibrotic response include decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan. While the mechanism by which TGFbeta stimulates gene expression via the Smad signal-transduction pathway is becoming clear, the precise mechanism by which decorin may impinge upon TGFbeta activity remains to be established. In this study, for the first time we provide evidence that decorin can disrupt glucose- and TGFbeta/Smad-dependent transcriptional events in human mesangial cells through a mechanism that involves an increase in Ca(2+) signalling, the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and ensuing phosphorylation of Smad2 at Ser-240. We show that decorin also induces Ser-240 phospho-Smad hetero-oligomerization with Smad4 and the nuclear localization of this complex independently of TGFbeta receptor activation. Thus, in human mesangial cells, the mechanism of decorin-mediated inhibition of TGFbeta signalling may involve activation of Ca(2+) signalling, the subsequent phosphorylation of Smad2 at a key regulatory site, and the sequestration of Smad4 in the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Sciences Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdel-Wahab
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wicks
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chantry
mesh_terms: D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000494:pharmacology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D058575:Decorin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012694:Serine; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D002118:Calcium; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D058575:Decorin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012694:Serine; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D013449:Sulfonamides; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C546878:DCN protein, human; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; C072105:KN 93; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides