E protein function in lymphocyte development.
Lymphocytes arise from hematopoietic stem cells through the coordinated action of transcription factors. The E proteins (E12, E47, HEB and E2-2) have emerged as key regulators of both B and T lymphocyte differentiation. This review summarizes the current data and examines the various functions of E proteins and their antagonists, Id2 and Id3, throughout lymphoid maturation. Beyond an established role in B and T lineage commitment, E proteins continue to be essential at subsequent stages of development. E protein activity regulates the expression of surrogate and antigen receptor genes, promotes Ig and TCR rearrangements, and coordinates cell survival and proliferation with developmental progression in response to TCR signaling. Finally, this review also discusses the role of E47 as a tumor suppressor.
Quong
Melanie W
MW
Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0366, La Jolla, California 92093-0366, USA. quong@biomail.ucsd.edu
Romanow
William J
WJ
Murre
Cornelis
C
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000276:immunology; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; C544912:TCF7L1 protein, human; C544894:TCF7L2 protein, human; C489532:Tcf12 protein, mouse; C090743:Tcf4 protein, mouse; C544913:Tcf7l1 protein, mouse; C544895:Tcf7l2 protein, mouse; C073366:TCF12 protein, human