title: [A case-control study of the risk factors of lung cancer in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing metropolitan areas].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analysis the risk factors of lung cancer and determine the surveillance index in urban areas in four metropolises in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The paper used the data from the in-person interviews of National Research on Malignant Tumor Morbidity, Mortality and Surveillance Methods in 1996. We carried out a 1:1 matched case-control study based on population involving 1 312 cases and 1 312 neighborhood controls aged 35 - 74 from Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing urban areas. The relationships between risk factors and lung cancer were analyzed by conditional univariant and multivariate logistic regression on the computer package, STATA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cigarette smoking, lower body mass index, longtime depressed mood, lower capability of emotion regulation, previous respiratory diseases, family history of cancer in first-degree relatives significantly increased the risk of lung cancer after adjusted by age, education, family average income and other risk factors. The odds ratios of these risk factors were 3.46 (95% CI 2.70 - 4.45), 1.18 (95% CI 1.22 - 1.40), 2.64 (95% CI 1.95 - 3.57), 2.71 (95% CI 2.02 - 3.65), 2.28 (95% CI 1.81 - 2.88), 1.79 (95% CI 1.38 - 2.32), respectively. The odds ratio associated with the highest quartile of fresh vegetables consumption compared with the lowest was 0.75 (95% CI 0.65 - 0.87), showed an inverse relationship. Exercising more often had a significant inverse association between cases and controls, and its odds ratio was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74 - 0.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette smoking, psychological factor, previous respiratory diseases and family history of cancer were the main risk factors of lung cancer in four cities. They were the important surveillance index of lung cancer. The relation between lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke, dietary factors and the factors related with female etc. should conduct further studies or special studies which defined the exposures carefully and exactly.
authors.affiliation: Sanitary and Anti-epidemic Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*