title: Effects of a water-soluble extract of maitake mushroom on circulating glucose/insulin concentrations in KK mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined benefits of a water-soluble extract of maitake mushroom designated as Fraction X (FXM) on the glucose/insulin metabolism of insulin-resistant KK mice, and compared the results of FXM with those of a sulphonylurea, Glipizide.
  
  
  METHODS
  In several acute studies, insulin-resistant KK mice were gavaged with a single dose of varying concentrations of FXM, or a single dose of one concentration of the oral hypoglycaemic drug, Glipizide. In the one chronic study, KK mice were gavaged with FXM, Glipizide, or an equal volume of isotonic saline (baseline control) twice daily. Retro-orbital blood was drawn on the morning of the 4th and 7th days before the early gavage. Blood glucose was measured by routine laboratory procedures, and serum insulin was estimated by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) assay developed specifically for rodents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a dose of FXM (140 mg/mouse), a statistically significant lowering of circulating glucose concentrations was again seen at 8-12 h and 16-18 h after oral gavage. The lowering approximated 25% of the original concentration. Oral gavage of Glipizide resulted in statistically significantly lower values of circulating glucose (25-37% lower compared with baseline) at 8-24 h post dosing. In the chronic study, the circulating concentrations of glucose and insulin of mice taking 140 mg FXM per day were decreased significantly at days 4 and 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FXM, a natural extract obtained from maitake mushroom, favourably influences glucose/insulin metabolism in insulin-resistant KK mice. The lowering of both circulating glucose and insulin concentrations suggests that FXM works primarily by enhancing peripheral insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manohar
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Talpur
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Echard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Preuss
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005913:Glipizide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005936:Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005936:Glucans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005913:Glipizide