title: [Urinary leukocytes as a new prognostic marker of therapeutic response and of adverse effects associated with the maintenance treatment with endovesical BCG, for the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors].
abstract: The use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine as immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer constitutes a major progress, although it remains limited by the development of adverse effects and problems related to safety. No individual tool is currently available in clinical practice to predict the efficacy or adverse effects of BCG therapy. These problems are accentuated in the case of maintenance therapy according to the protocol of D.L. Lamm.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define whether the urinary leukocyte count observed after intravesical BCG instillation could be associated with adverse effects and efficacy of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 72 consecutive patients (518 instillations) was studied prospectively. We defined four classes of adverse effects associated with BCG, according to their type, severity and duration. In combination with this classification, we performed systematic optical urinary leukocyte count on the third day after each instillation (KOVA-Slide 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high urinary leukocyte count (cut-off value: 165,000/ml) was correlated with absence of recurrence (p = 0.009). The adverse effect classification also demonstrated that urinary leukocyte count was related to the severity and duration of adverse effects (p < 0.0001). Median values observed for class I, II and III adverse effects were 40,000 leukocytes/ml, 150,000 leukocytes/ml and 350,000 leukocytes/ml, respectively. No class IV adverse effects were observed. The risk of developing class III adverse effects was increased when the urinary leukocyte count was greater than 86,000 leukocytes per ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a probable relationship between efficacy and safety of BCG, during maintenance therapy. Randomized prospective studies are necessary to evaluate urinary leukocyte count as a tool for adaptation and optimization of BCG therapy.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil. Saintf@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Legrand
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abbou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chopin
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine