title: Pilot study of spirituality and mental health in twins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to investigate associations between empirically defined dimensions of spirituality, personality variables, and psychiatric disorders in Vietnam era veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred pairs of male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry were administered the self-report Spiritual Well-Being Scale and a pilot Index of Spiritual Involvement. Correlation analyses were supplemented with regression analyses that examined the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on aspects of spirituality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Existential well-being was significantly associated with seven of 11 dimensions of personality and was significantly negatively associated with alcohol abuse or dependence and with two of three clusters of personality disorder symptoms. Associations between mental health variables and religious well-being or spiritual involvement were much more limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Useful distinctions can be made between major dimensions of spirituality in studies of spirituality, religious coping, and mental health.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, 02115, USA. Ming_Tsuang@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.forename: Wesley M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011897:Random Allocation; D012042:Registries; D029181:Spirituality; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000523:psychology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000523:psychology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data