title: Monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs): examples from Lake Vättern, Sweden.
abstract: Lake Vättern in southern Sweden is a large oligotrophic lake with high surface to catchment area ratio (ca. 0.4) and a water residence time of 60 years. The lake combines sensitivity to atmospheric POP-pollution with general susceptibility for effects of POPs and slow concentration decline. Time series, from the 1960s until 1996, of PCBs and DDT in fish and data on TCDD in sediment of L. Vättern are presented and compared to other large lakes. The long time dataset of POPs in Arctic char (Salvelinus salvelinus) shows a significant annual decline of about 5% for PCBs and 13% for DDT. These rates are in agreement with other studies. Nutrients as well as biological effects and factors affecting the fate of POPs in oligotrophic lakes with long residence times are discussed. We propose that oligotrophic clear lakes are important ecosystems for monitoring POPs in biota.
authors.affiliation: Lake Vättern Society for Water Conservation, County Administrative Board, SE-551 86 Jönköping, Sweden. mans.lindell@f.lst.se
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lindell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bremle
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Broberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical