title: Associations between common polymorphisms in TP53 and p21WAF1/Cip1 and phenotypic features of breast cancer.
abstract: The tumour suppressor gene TP53 and its downstream effector p21 are thought to play major roles in the development of breast cancer. We investigated three common sequence variants in TP53 and p21 for possible associations with the risk of breast cancer and with various phenotypic features of this disease. A total of 351 cases were available for study. Germline DNA obtained from female subjects of similar age but without cancer was used to estimate the TP53 and p21 genotype frequencies in a control population. A single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 2 of p21 was associated with slightly increased breast cancer risk (RR = 1.4, P = 0.011) and with well/moderately differentiated tumour histology (P = 0.029). The 16 bp insertion polymorphism in intron 3 of TP53 was associated with poor histological grade (OR = 2.3, P = 0.013) independently of other pathological features. The codon 31 polymorphism in p21 was strongly linked to negative progesterone receptor status (OR = 3.4, P = 0.0001), suggesting this variant may have functional significance for the progesterone signalling pathway in breast cancer. These results add to the growing body of evidence that genetic variants can influence not only the risk of breast cancer but also the disease phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6907, Australia.
authors.forename: Brenda L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Iris L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: van Staveren
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roosken
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grieu
authors.forename: Els M J J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Berns
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Iacopetta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D011374:Progesterone