title: For left ventricular opacification and endocardial border definition: is it really important which contrast agent we use, or is it the imaging modality we choose?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the effect of three imaging modalities (fundamental, harmonics, and power harmonics) on left ventricular opacification and endocardial border definition with two different echo agents, Optison and Albunex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 84 patients who had suboptimal transthoracic images were studied with echo contrast agents Albunex (n=41) and Optison (n=43). Each contrast agent was examined with three different imaging modalities, fundamental, harmonics and power harmonics, respectively. Left ventricular opacification was obtained by videodensitometric analysis. Percentage of endocardial border visualization was determined by indexing circumference of visualized endocardium to total circumference. Variables were compared with respect to three imaging modalities between two different echo agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher videointensities and higher percentages of endocardial visualization were achieved with Optison compared to Albunex with fundamental and harmonics. However, there was no significant difference between Optison and Albunex with respect to LV opacification and border visualization by power harmonics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that left ventricular opacification and endocardial border visualization is significantly improved by using power harmonic imaging as compared to harmonics or fundamental imaging following both echo contrast agents. Furthermore, although Optison is clearly superior to Albunex in opacifying left ventricle, power harmonic imaging compensates for the less robust agent.
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Shafei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamirisa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: St  Vrain
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Havens
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Labovitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D004699:Endocardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media