title: Normative database of isometric cervical strength in a healthy population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was a descriptive study involving maximal and average isometric strength measurements of the cervical musculature. The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the test-retest reliability of a computerized dynamometer for measuring muscular strength of the neck flexor and extensor muscles in a healthy population, and 2) to afford a normative database of the maximal and averaged isometric strength of the cervical flexors and extensors in a healthy population of 94 volunteers. The literature contains only a few descriptive studies pertaining to strength levels of the cervical musculature; none of these studies used a computerized dynamometer to determine cervical isometric strength. Only a few studies include cervical flexor and extensor isometric strength, evaluating its normal ratio as well as their correlation to body mass index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testing was carried out using a computerized dynamometer to measure isometric cervical strength at 0 degrees (neutral), 5 degrees, and 10 degrees of flexion and extension of the neck.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men show approximately 30 to 40% more strength than women both for flexion and extension at all angles and age groups. Neutral positioning showed the maximum strength values for both flexion and extension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant negative correlation between age and cervical strength and a significant positive correlation between weight and strength and between height and strength. However, the flexor/extensor ratio was maintained around 0.6 in all ages.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Canario de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. ggar@step.es
authors.forename: Gerardo L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Garcés
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Ljubo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milutinovic
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garavote
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guerado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results