title: Doppler tissue echocardiography: myocardial wall motion velocities in essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Doppler tissue echocardiography (DTE) was applied to extract the myocardial wall velocities along different planes and evaluate the left ventricular function in essential hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four hypertensives (HT) were compared to a control group of 31 normotensive (NT) subjects. The short-axis shortening and lengthening was assessed through the parasternal projections, sampling from interventricular septum and posterior wall. Through the apical projections the mitral annulus excursion was observed at four sites (anterior, posteroseptal, lateral, inferior walls) to assess the longitudinal dynamic of the heart. In each myocardial segment, peak velocity and time-velocity integral for systolic (S) and diastolic waves (E and A) were measured and their means for the long- and short-axis directions were calculated. Significant changes in hypertensives involved mainly the longitudinal motion. In diastole, the E-wave relaxation velocity was significantly decreased and the late A-wave velocity was unchanged. The E/A velocity ratio was significantly reduced. Relaxation velocity was negatively correlated to age, left ventricular mass and diastolic blood pressure. In systole, the peak S-wave shortening velocity was reduced and no association with age, left ventricular mass and blood pressure could be demonstrated. The range of segmental data produced by DTE proved useful to manufacture sensitive indices for recognition of hypertensive damage. Single DTE variables also proved slightly more sensitive than those extracted from the mitral flow pattern for the discrimination of HT patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of impaired relaxation was confirmed by DTE in a large portion of patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. A peculiar systolic disturbance is evidenced by this technique. DTE-derived information can be used to detect early and quantify target-organ damage and its progression or regression during antihypertensive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Clinica Medica, Nefrologia e Scienze della Prevenzione, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelà
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruschi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavatorta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabassi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents