title: Pediatric cochlear implantation in auditory neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auditory neuropathy (AN) is characterized by varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss, an absent or severely abnormal auditory brainstem response, and normal otoacoustic emissions. The nomenclature for this condition reflects the concept that the site of lesion is proximal to the cochlea (e.g., cochlear nerve). Given this hypothesis, it is reasonable to expect limited benefit from cochlear implantation in patients with AN. However, a growing body of evidence shows the striking benefits of cochlear implantation in AN. To explore this topic, we reviewed our population of children with AN and, specifically, the performance results in those children having undergone cochlear implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case review of those patients diagnosed with AN from 1993 to 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary pediatric referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A diagnosis of AN reported from the Center for Hearing and Deafness Research, Cincinnati, OH, database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients were diagnosed with AN (11 girls, 7 boys), with 3 sets of siblings, including 1 set of identical twins. Four patients with AN underwent implantation in the previous 5 years. Twelve out of the 18 patients had classic risk factors for AN (e.g., prematurity and hyperbilirubinemia). The degree of hearing loss varied in our patients, with a majority showing severe to profound deficits. All children with implants showed improvement in auditory and verbal development, but this improvement was variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success of cochlear implantation in these patients suggests that some children with AN have an auditory system lesion that can be compensated for by cochlear implantation. This implies either an inner hair cell or inner hair cell-cochlear nerve junctional pathology that can be overcome by direct electrical stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Hearing and Deafness Research, Audiology Department, and Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greinwald
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choo
mesh_terms: D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006199:Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner / Q000503:physiopathology; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index