title: Glycaemic control, disease duration and beta-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes in a Swedish community. Skaraborg Hypertension and Diabetes Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine determinants for glycaemic control in primary care patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a community-based surveillance of primary care patients with Type 2 diabetes, 190 men and 186 women were consecutively identified and examined for cardiovascular risk factors. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were estimated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Good glycaemic control was defined as HbA(1c) < 6.5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following adjustment for age and gender, HbA(1c) > or = 6.5% was associated with duration of diabetes (10.6 vs. 6.4 years, P < 0.001), lower levels of serum insulin (6.3 vs. 8.0 mU/l, P = 0.012), higher serum triglyceride levels (2.0 vs. 1.7 mmol/l, P = 0.002) and impairment of beta-cell function (HOMA index 19.5 vs. 45.8, P < 0.001). The association between HbA(1c) levels and duration remained with adjustment for age, gender, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and serum triglycerides (odds ratio (OR) for HbA(1c) > or = 6.5% by 5 years diabetes duration = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4--2.1) but was lost following additional adjustment for beta-cell function (OR for HbA(1c) > or = 6.5% = 1.3; 95% CI 0.96-1.7). In a separate linear regression with beta-cell function as the dependent variable there was a significant association with HbA1c after adjustments for differences in age, gender, WHR, serum triglyceride levels and diabetes duration (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing HbA1c by time was associated with declining beta-cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ostgren
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranstam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melander
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Råstam
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides