title: Analysis of artefacts and detail resolution of lung MRI with breath-hold T1-weighted gradient-echo and T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences with respiratory triggering.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and limitations of two MR sequences for imaging of the lung using a semi-quantitative rating scale. Ten healthy volunteers were assessed with a breath-hold T1-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (TR/TE=129/2.2 ms, matrix 173 x 256) and a T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence with respiratory triggering (TR/TE=3000-5000/120 ms, matrix 270 x 512) in axial 6-mm slices. The T1-weighted GRE protocol included a pre-saturation pulse over the mediastinal structures. Artefacts and resolution of vessel/airway structures in each lung segment were evaluated by two observers (10 volunteers, 180 segments). Cardiac and vessel pulsation artefacts predominated on T1-weighted GRE, respiration artefacts on T2-weighted TSE (lingula and middle lobe). Pre-saturation of the mediastinum reduced pulsation artefacts on T1-weighted GRE. T1-weighted GRE images were improved by bright flow signal of vessels, whereas image quality of T2-weighted TSE was reduced by black-blood effects in central parts of the lung. Delineation of lung periphery and the mediastinum was superior with T2-weighted TSE. Segmental/sub-segmental vessels (up to fourth/fifth order) and bronchi (up to third order) were identified. All 180 lung segments were imaged in diagnostic quality with at least one of the two sequences (T1-weighted GRE not diagnostic in 9 of 180, T2-weighted TSE in 4 of 180). Both sequences were found to be complementary: superior identification of gross lung anatomy with T1-weighted GRE and higher detail resolution in the periphery and the mediastinum with T2--weighted TSE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 9, 24105 Kiel, Germany. juergen.biederer@rad.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Both
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muhle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graessner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors