title: A multi-institutional study of immunohistochemical investigation for the roles of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin in superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aiming to clarify and possibly extend indications for minimally invasive treatment, we characterized superficial esophageal cancers (SEC) with respect to biologic properties regulating malignant potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical specimens obtained at eight cancer institutes from 222 Japanese patients with SEC (all squamous cell carcinomas) were investigated immunohistochemically for expression of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perturbations of cyclin D1 (overexpression) and E-cadherin (reduced expression) were observed in 37.6% (68 of 181) and 39.9% (71 of 178) of SEC patients. E-cadherin expression was more frequently reduced in cancers that invaded the submucosal layer, while cyclin D1 overexpression was constant, irrespective of depth of invasion. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was more frequent in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, while E-cadherin did not vary according to histologic differentiation. Lymph node metastasis, the only independent postoperative prognostic factor in these patients, occurred in only 4.8% of mucosal cancers (2 of 42), but in 51.1% of submucosal cancers (92 of 180). However, neither cyclin D1 nor E-cadherin status affected lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both E-cadherin and cyclin D1 play important roles in esophageal carcinogenesis, but neither can be used to identify patients who do not require lymph node dissection and might be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection.
authors.affiliation: Research Committee on Clinical Application of Biological Property of Esophageal Cancers, Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases. shiozaki@surg1.med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamana
authors.forename: Kaichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isono
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D019938:Cyclin D1