title: Biological variation in sweat sodium chloride conductivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sweat conductivity, which is equivalent to sweat NaCl concentration, is used as a screening test to identify possible cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. No data exist on the biological variation of this variable and the influence it may have on the interpretation of sweat testing. The aim of this study was to determine the components of biological variation for sweat sodium chloride conductivity and to apply biological variation parameters in the interpretation of sweat conductivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sweat conductivity was determined once a week for 5 consecutive weeks on 15 healthy volunteers, 20 healthy infants and 20 known CF patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analytical coefficient of variation (CV(A)) was 1.15% for the high-level control material, with a value of 123 mmol/L, and 1.32% for the normal-level control material with a value of 40 mmoL/L. The within-subject (CV) and between-subject (CV(G)) biological variations were 12.0% and 30.0%, respectively, for healthy controls; 18% and 20% for healthy infants; and 7.3% and 6.5% for CF patients, respectively. Using the CV(A), CV(G) and CV(I), the 95% reference ranges were determined for the above-mentioned three groups. The calculated 95% ranges for the healthy babies and CF patients were 18-60 mmoL/L and 96-144 mmoL/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support a decision level of > 60 mmoL/L for confirmatory CF testing. A lower decision level will result in an unacceptable high rate of unnecessary confirmation testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa. dvdmerwe@medic.up.ac.za
authors.forename: Da-elene
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: van der Merwe
authors.forename: Johan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ubbink
authors.forename: Rhena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delport
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Gurdeep S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dhatt
authors.forename: W J Hayward
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Vermaak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D013542:Sweat / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride