title: Eyelid lymphatics II: a search for drainage patterns in the monkey and correlations with human lymphatics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the lymphatic drainage of the cynomolgus monkey through the use of lymphoscintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphoscintigraphy with 500 microCi of 99mTechnetium sulfur colloid injected at specific sites around the eyelids was performed with five cynomolgus monkeys in lateral and ventral positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphoscintigraphy of the monkey eyelid and periocular tissue revealed lymphatic drainage to the parotid lymph nodes from the entire upper eyelid, medial canthus, and lateral lower eyelid and drainage to the submandibular lymph nodes from the medial and central lower eyelid. In addition to draining to the parotid lymph nodes, the central upper eyelid was also seen to drain to the submandibular lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphoscintigraphy of the cynomolgus monkey eyelids reveals discrete lymphatic drainage pathways for the upper and lower eyelids and a dual pathway for the central upper eyelid. Future studies will help to clarify the lymphatic drainage pathways of human eyelids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA. briggscook@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Briggs E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lucarelli
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dortzbach
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: B'Ann T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Gabelt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D061305:Lymphoscintigraphy; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid