title: Current results with intraaortic balloon pumping in infants and children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) is useful for support in patients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction. IABP is usually timed with the R wave of the electrocardiogram. We have utilized M-mode echocardiography timed IABP in children with left-side heart failure since 1994. Electrocardiogram timing seems inappropriate for children, who have much higher heart rates. We describe our experience with children who underwent IABP therapy before and after 1994, when echocardiographic timing was instituted.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed records of 29 children who underwent IABP for all indications at Primary Children's Medical Center since 1988.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival was 62.1% (18 of 29) in this series. Survival was similar for infants (odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.29 to 14.31, p = 0.43) and older children. Survival was similar in the echocardiography era when compared with the electrocardiogram era (odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval = 0.56 to 10.4, p = 0.44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IABP is a useful means of support in children with left ventricular dysfunction. M-mode echocardiography is effective in triggering IABP. The sample size in this study is too small to detect a mortality rate difference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84113, USA.
authors.forename: Kerrie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pinkney
authors.forename: L Luann
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Minich
authors.forename: Lloyd Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: RussoGregoryB
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di
authors.forename: L George
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Veasy
authors.forename: Edwin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McGough
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000601:surgery; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000628:therapy