title: Diabetes mellitus and the risk of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about etiologic factors for prostate cancer. Several studies have suggested a protective effect of diabetes mellitus on the risk of prostate cancer, though a study by our group has found an elevated risk of prostate cancer following ischemic heart disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of diabetes mellitus with prostate cancer in the same setting in which we had found an elevated risk following ischemic heart disease. Our study differed from prior studies in utilizing a multi-racial population. Another purpose was to investigate stage-specific effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in our University Medical Center in New York City. Cases were patients with prostate cancer seen at our Medical Center between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986. All cases were histologically diagnosed and had undergone a biopsy or surgical procedure at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (CPMC). The controls were patients who underwent a surgical procedure for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) during the same time frame and were not found to have prostate cancer. Prior history of diabetes was determined by review of the medical records. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between prior history of diabetes mellitus and prior history of prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared 320 cases to 189 controls, and found a lower risk for prostate cancer in diabetics overall (adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) 0.6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.3-1.1), though it was not statistically significant. No association was seen with Stage A prostate cancer, but there was a significant reduction in risk for stages B, C, and D combined (adjusted OR 0.47, 0.2-0.9). This effect appeared to be mainly concentrated among whites and Hispanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetics appear to have a lower risk of prostate cancer, though this effect may be limited to whites. An understanding of this association and its race specificity may help to explain the major difference in incidence rates for prostate cancer between blacks and whites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, 100 E. 77th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Alfred I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Neugut
authors.forename: Habibul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents