title: Antemortem MRI findings correlate with hippocampal neuropathology in typical aging and dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic specificity of MRI-defined hippocampal atrophy for AD among individuals with a variety of pathologically confirmed conditions associated with dementia as well as changes attributable to typical aging, and to measure correlations among premortem MRI measurements of hippocampal atrophy, mental status examination performance, and the pathologic stage of AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  An unselected series of 67 individuals participating in the Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center/Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry who had undergone a standardized antemortem MRI study and also postmortem examination were identified. Hippocampal volumes were measured from antemortem MRI. Each postmortem specimen was assigned a pathologic diagnosis and in addition, the severity of AD pathology was staged using the method of Braak and Braak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with an isolated pathologic diagnosis of AD, hippocampal sclerosis, frontotemporal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangle--only degeneration usually had substantial hippocampal atrophy, while those with changes of typical aging did not. Among all 67 subjects, correlations (all p < 0.001) were observed between hippocampal volume and Braak and Braak stage (r = -0.39), between hippocampal volume and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (r = 0.60), and between MMSE score and Braak and Braak stage (r = -0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hippocampal atrophy, while not specific for AD, was a fairly sensitive marker of the pathologic AD stage (particularly among subjects with isolated AD pathology [r = -0.63, p = 0.001]) and consequent cognitive status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. jack.clifford@may.edu
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Edland
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Boeve
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Tangalos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokmen
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic