title: Effects of high inspired oxygen fraction during elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia on maternal and fetal oxygenation and lipid peroxidation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxygen supplementation is given routinely to parturients undergoing Caesarean section under regional anaesthesia. While the aim is to improve fetal oxygenation, inspiring a high oxygen fraction (FIO2) can also increase free radical activity and lipid peroxidation in both the mother and baby. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we investigated the effect of high inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) on maternal and fetal oxygenation and oxygen free radical activity in parturients having Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four healthy parturients were randomized to breathe either 21% (air group) or 60% oxygen (oxygen group) intraoperatively via a ventimask. Maternal arterial blood was collected at 5-min intervals from baseline until delivery, and umbilical arterial and venous blood was collected at delivery. We measured blood gases and the products of lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroperoxide (OHP)) and purine metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At delivery, the oxygen group had greater maternal arterial PO2 [mean 30.0 (SD 6.3) vs 14.2 (1.9) kPa; mean difference 15.8 kPa, 95% confidence interval 12.9-18.7 kPa, P<0.001] and greater umbilical venous PO2 [4.8 (1.0) vs 4.0 (1.4) kPa; mean difference 0.8 kPa, 95% confidence interval 0.0-1.5 kPa, P=0.04] compared with the air group. Maternal and umbilical plasma concentrations of lipid peroxides (8-isoprostane, MDA, OHP) were greater in the oxygen group than in the air group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that breathing high FIO2 modestly increased fetal oxygenation but caused a concomitant increase in oxygen free radical activity in both mother and fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, China.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ngan Kee
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D001034:Apgar Score; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen