title: Plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a prognostic predictor in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a marker of oxidative stress, and the prognosis of patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of CHF. We have recently reported the usefulness of plasma oxLDL as a marker of oxidative stress in CHF patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the plasma level of oxLDL by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a specific monoclonal antibody against oxLDL in 18 age-matched normal subjects and in 84 patients with chronic CHF (New York Heart Association functional class II to IV) and monitored them prospectively for a mean follow-up period of 780 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma oxLDL level was significantly higher in severe CHF patients than in control subjects and mild CHF patients. A significant negative correlation existed between the plasma level of oxLDL and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and a significant positive correlation between the plasma level of oxLDL and plasma norepinephrine level. Twenty-six patients had cardiac events; 14 had cardiac death and 12 were hospitalized for heart failure or other cardiovascular events. Among 10 variables including LVEF and neurohumoral factors, only high plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and oxLDL were shown to be independent predictors of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the plasma level of oxLDL is a useful predictor of mortality in patients with CHF, suggesting that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of CHF.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa, Seta, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutamoto
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009638:Norepinephrine