title: Combined inhibition of neutral endopeptidase with angiotensin converting enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme in experimental diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of combined inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) with either angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), or endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) on blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion and heart weight were explored in experimental diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vehicle, the NEP/ACE inhibitor S 21402, the NEP/ECE inhibitor CGS 26303, the NEP inhibitor SCH 42495, the ACE inhibitor captopril or the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan for 4 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method and radiotelemetry. Albuminuria, plasma renin activity and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were determined by radioimmunoassay. NEP binding was assessed by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Metabolic and biochemistry parameters including food intake, 24-h urine volume, plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary sodium excretion were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean blood pressure over the 4-week study period after commencement of treatment was reduced to a similar extent by a range of treatments including the ACE inhibitor, NEP/ACE inhibitor, endothelin receptor antagonist, NEP/ECE inhibitor, but not the NEP inhibitor, compared with vehicle-treated diabetic rats. Heart to body weight ratio in diabetic rats was only reduced by the NEP/ACE and the NEP/ECE inhibitor. Increased albuminuria in diabetic rats (1.1 times/divided by 1.2 mg/day) was reduced by the NEP/ACE (0.6 times/divided by 1.2 mg/day) and the NEP/ECE inhibitors (0.4 times/divided by 1.2 mg/day). Renal NEP was reduced by the NEP/ACE inhibitor (35 +/- 4%) or NEP/ECE inhibitor (38 +/- 4%) as well as by the pure NEP inhibitor (27 +/- 4%) compared with the untreated diabetic group. Other abnormal metabolic and biochemical parameters in diabetic rats were not influenced by any drug treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined inhibition of NEP/ACE or NEP/ECE confers beneficial effects on blood pressure, albuminuria and heart to body weight ratio in experimental diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
authors.forename: Zemin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Terri J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Belinda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casley
authors.forename: Colin I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077300:Bosentan; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013777:Tetrazoles; C089987:CGS 26303; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D012083:Renin; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D015260:Neprilysin; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes; D000077300:Bosentan