title: Effects of dilutional and modified ultrafiltration in plasma endothelin-1 and pulmonary vascular resistance after the Fontan procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is closely related with patients' hemodynamics after the Fontan procedure and endothelin-1 (ET-1) may play an important role in pulmonary circulation. Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) is known to remove inflammatory mediators after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. The time courses of plasma ET-1 and PVR were examined before and after the Fontan procedure with MUF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients who underwent the Fontan procedure were divided into two groups: a dilutional ultrafiltration/modified ultrafiltration (DUF/MUF) group (n =11) and a control group (n = 11). Conventional ultrafiltration was performed during CPB in the control group. DUF was performed semicontinuously during CPB and MUF was continued until 15 to 20 minutes after the CPB with polyacrylonitonile membrane in the DUF/ MUF group. The plasma ET-1 concentration was measured before and after CPB, after MUF in the DUF/MUF group, and 6 and 24 hours after CPB. PVR was calculated simultaneously using a thermodilutional catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma ET-1 levels increased significantly after CPB in the control group but they did not increase immediately after CPB in the DUF/MUF group. Similarly, PVR increased significantly after CPB in the control group but it did not increase after CPB in the DUF/MUF group and remained low at 6 and 24 hours after CPB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DUF and MUF suppress the increase in the plasma ET-1 concentration that occurs immediately after the completion of the Fontan procedure and may be an effective intervention for maintaining low PVR after the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Heart Institute of Japan. shiramat@hij.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinoka
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006801:Humans; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1