title: Kidney transplant in children weighing less than 15 kg: donor selection and technical considerations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small children represent a challenging patient group in kidney transplantation (KTx). The aim of this study was to analyze patient and donor data influencing outcome in children that weighed <15 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight kidneys were transplanted in 64 children that weighed <15 kg. In 44 cases, kidneys came from cadaveric donors (CAD) and in 24 cases from living-related donors (LRD). Grafts were placed transperitoneally via midline incision (n=16) or extraperitoneally to the iliac fossa (n=52). Vascular anastomoses were routinely performed to the aorta and vena cava even when the extraperitoneal approach was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular thrombosis was observed in two (3%), urinary leaks in five (7%), and stenosis in four (6%) patients. In six children receiving organs from adults to the iliac fossa, wound closure was performed using an absorbable mesh to avoid organ compression. Initial graft function occurred in 60 cases (88%). Frequency of initial graft function was significantly higher after KTx from LRD (100%) compared with CAD (82%). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year patient survival was 93%, 91%, and 91%, respectively, and the 1-, 5-, and 10-year graft survival was 92%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. There was no significant difference in patient and graft survival when KTx from LRD and CAD were compared. Within the CAD group, graft survival was improved using kidneys from donors >12 years compared with younger donors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite size discrepancy between recipients and grafts, KTx is feasible in children that weigh <15 kg by using an improved surgical technique even when adult organs are placed to the iliac fossa.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neipp
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Offner
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lück
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strehlau
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schlitt
authors.forename: Jochen H H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ehrich
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klempnauer
authors.forename: Bjö rn
authors.initials: Br
authors.lastname: Nashan
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002423:Cause of Death; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D014019:Tissue Donors