title: Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia using the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene hydrochloride inhibits intimal hyperplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three senile female sheep were randomized to sham operation, ovariectomy, or ovariectomy followed by treatment with 17beta-estradiol or raloxifene. Six months after initial operation, we performed necropsy with histological assessment of the aortic bifurcation and bone mineral densitometry and assayed serum lipids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 months, serum triglyceride and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were similar among groups and within the reference range. Ovarian ablation alone resulted in intimal hyperplasia, which was attenuated with estradiol and raloxifene therapy. Furthermore, estradiol and raloxifene therapy reversed ovariectomy-induced decreases in bone mineral density measured using spine morphometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raloxifene attenuates ovariectomy-induced aortic intimal hyperplasia independent of serum lipid levels. These data suggest that raloxifene, in addition to its beneficial influence on bone density, has direct, beneficial cardiovascular effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Campus Box C-310, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 E Ninth Ave, Denver, CO 80262, USA. craig.selzman@UCHSC.edu
authors.forename: Craig H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Selzman
authors.forename: A Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Jaime S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.forename: Alden H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Harken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014280:Triglycerides; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol