title: Canalicular stenosis secondary to weekly docetaxel: a potentially preventable side effect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to describe canalicular stenosis as a mechanism for epiphora (excessive tearing) secondary to weekly docetaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with metastatic breast cancer who developed epiphora during weekly docetaxel therapy underwent an ophthalmologic examination, and probing and irrigation of the nasolacrimal ducts. The total duration of docetaxel therapy, the duration of treatment at the time of onset of epiphora, the number of infusions, the cumulative dose of docetaxel and the severity of canalicular stenosis were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 14 patients had anatomic narrowing of the canaliculi as the underlying mechanism for epiphora. Bicanalicular silicone intubation or dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) was recommended for all 14 patients. Eleven patients underwent surgery and experienced resolution of their symptoms. The three patients who declined surgery continue to have epiphora at the time of this report.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canalicular stenosis is an underlying mechanism for epiphora in patients receiving weekly docetaxel. Bicanalicular silicone intubation should be considered early in the course of weekly docetaxel therapy to prevent complete closure of the canaliculi. Once complete or near complete stenosis of the canaliculi occurs, DCR with a permanent pyrex glass tube placement may become necessary to overcome the blockage of tear outflow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. besmaeli@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esmaeli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esteva
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Booser
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delpassand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arbuckle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D043823:Taxoids
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017239:Paclitaxel