title: Effectiveness of leukocyte interferon in patients affected by HCV-positive mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to recombinant alpha-interferon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interferon is the first-choice therapy for HCV-positive mixed cryoglobulinemia, but only a small fraction of the patients show long-term recovery from the disease. In non-responders or relapsers, the second-line therapy (high dose interferon) generally is not effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of leukocyte interferon as a second-line therapy in patients who are non-responders or relapsers to a first course of recombinant interferon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with HCV-positive mixed cryoglobulinemia were enrolled. In each case the HCV-RNA and HCV genotype, as well as the usual laboratory parameters, were determined before, at the end of therapy and 1 year after the end of therapy. All patients were treated following the same schedule: leukocyte interferon 3,000,000 three times a week for one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 5 patients obtained complete recovery from viral infection as well as from all signs and symptoms of the disease. Most patients (80%) experienced relief from clinical symptoms without recovery from HCV replication. Responders to the second interferon course were "relapsers" to the first treatment. No patient considered as a "non-responder" showed complete remission from the disease after the second treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A second leukocyte interferon course could be useful for patients affected by mixed crvoglobulinemia who relapsed after a first course of recombinant interferon therapy.
authors.affiliation: Third Division of Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzaro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baracetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nascimben
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zorat
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral