Neuropsychology of epilepsy.
OBJECTIVE
The neuropsychological approach to epilepsy is indispensable for assessment of cognitive function in an interictal period including pre- and postsurgical evaluation, and for disclosing the semiology of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Another use of the neuropsychological approach is to identify a seizure-precipitating factor by loading systematic cognitive tasking, termed "neuropsychological EEG activation" (NPA), during standard EEG recordings.


METHODS
In this study, NPA tasks consisted of reading, speaking, writing, written arithmetic calculation, mental arithmetic calculation, and spatial construction.


RESULTS
The NPA tasks provoked epileptic discharges in 7.9% of the 480 epileptic patients and were often accompanied by myoclonic seizures. Among the cognitive tasks, mental activities mainly associated with use of the hands [i.e., writing (68.4%), written calculation (55.3%), and spatial construction (63.2%)] provoked the most discharges. Seizure-precipitating mental activities were found to be almost exclusively related to idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs).


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that NPA is a useful tool for examining the relationship between cognitive function and epileptic seizures, and that the IGE patients with myoclonic seizures are vulnerable to higher mental activity.
Matsuoka
H
H
Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. mtok@psy.med.tohoku.ac.jp
D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors