title: Tumor-specific CTL kill murine renal cancer cells using both perforin and Fas ligand-mediated lysis in vitro, but cause tumor regression in vivo in the absence of perforin.
abstract: Kidney cancer is a devastating disease; however, biological therapies have achieved some limited success. The murine renal cancer Renca has been used as a model for developing new preclinical approaches to the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Successful cytokine-based approaches require CD8(+) T cells, but the exact mechanisms by which T cells mediate therapeutic benefit have not been completely identified. After successful biological therapy of Renca in BALB/c mice, we generated CTLs in vitro using mixed lymphocyte tumor cultures. These CTL mediated tumor-specific H-2K(d)-restricted lysis and production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and Fas ligand (FasL) in response to Renca. CTL used both granule- and FasL-mediated mechanisms to lyse Renca, although granule-mediated killing was the predominant lytic mechanism in vitro. The cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased the sensitivity of Renca cells to CTL lysis by both granule- and FasL-mediated death pathways. Adoptive transfer of these anti-Renca CTL into tumor-bearing mice cured most mice of established experimental pulmonary metastases, and successfully treated mice were immune to tumor rechallenge. Interestingly, we were able to establish Renca-specific CTL from mice gene targeted for perforin (pfp(-/-)) mice. Although these pfp(-/-) CTL showed reduced cytotoxic activity against Renca, their IFN-gamma production in the presence of Renca targets was equivalent to that of wild-type CTL, and adoptive transfer of pfp(-/-) CTL was as efficient as wild-type CTL in causing regression of established Renca pulmonary metastases. Therefore, although granule-mediated killing is of paramount importance for CTL-mediated lysis in vitro, some major in vivo effector mechanisms clearly are independent of perforin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Clive R D
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Parsoneault
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wiltrout
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sayers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008024:Ligands; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D054353:Perforin; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505654:Tnfsf10 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D054353:Perforin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1