title: Diversity of HIV-1 subtype E in semen and cervicovaginal secretion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype E variants in blood and genital fluid of infected Thai couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood and genital fluid were collected from 30 asymptomatic healthy HIV-1 subtype E infected couples from Bangkok, Thailand from 1995 to 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 60 viruses in blood samples were identified as subtype E by heteroduplex mobility assay. The biotype of viruses founded in blood was syncytium-inducing (SI), whereas M-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) isolates were predominantly detected in genital fluid. HIV-1 proviral DNA was detected in 43.33% and 56.67%, and viral RNA was detected in 93.33% and 56.67%, of semen (n = 30) and cervicovaginal secretion (n = 30) samples tested, respectively. A higher intersample genetic distance and more positive charge of the V3 loop were found in blood strains composed of genital fluid strains (22.30 +/- 5.92% and 17.96 +/- 6.3%), which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). The env V1-V4 intraperson variation of the HIV-1 subtype E in the blood and genital fluid of each individual was in the range 3.0%-5.7%. We also determined the intrasample variation of HIV-1 from blood and genital fluid by heteroduplex mobility assay. The mean heteroduplex mobility of the HIV-1, V1-V4 region of env gene, in blood (n = 8) and genital fluid (n = 8) was 0.59 +/- 0.06 and 0.74 +/- 0.11 (t test, p = 0.001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was genetic and phenotypic compartmentalization of HIV-1 subtype E in blood and genital fluid with the presence of SI and NSI phenotypic variants as a common property of subtype E isolates from blood and genital fluid, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. sirst@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutthent
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumrangsurp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wirachsilp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaisilwattana
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roongpisuthipong
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaiyakul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nooma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Warachit
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019713:Receptors, CCR5