title: Expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in gingival tissues of smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco smoking affects systemic concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, but its effect on local expression of adhesion molecules in gingival tissue has not been studied previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression on small blood vessel endothelia in gingival biopsies obtained from smokers (n=17) and non-smokers (n=17) with periodontitis was examined with immunohistochemistry. Blood vessels were identified with monoclonal antibody for von Willebrand's factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly larger number of vessels were observed in inflamed tissues of non-smokers than smokers (P<0.05). The number and proportion of vessels expressing both ICAM-1 and E-selectin was greater in sites with inflammation compared to non-inflamed sites in both smokers and non-smokers (P<0.05). The proportion of the total number of vessels expressing ICAM-1 in non-inflamed sites was greater in non-smokers compared with smokers (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the inflammatory response in smokers with periodontitis may not be accompanied by an equivalent increase in vascularity. Reduced ICAM-1 expression in non-inflamed areas of smokers could reflect a systemic effect of tobacco smoking on ICAM-1 independent of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rezavandi
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Odell
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1