title: Effects of restricted and ad libitum intake of diets containing wheat middlings on site and extent of digestion in steers.
abstract: A 5 x 5 Latin square design was used to determine the effects of restricted and ad libitum intake of diets containing wheat middlings on the site and extent of digestion compared to ad libitum intake of a corn-based diet and ad libitum intake of chopped alfalfa hay. Five ruminally and duodenally cannulated Angus steers (519 +/- 41.5 kg BW) were used to compare five dietary treatments. The five treatments were as follows: ad libitum access to a corn-based finishing diet (control), the control diet with 25 percentage units of the corn and soybean meal replaced with wheat middlings offered ad libitum (WM), the WM diet restricted to 75% of predicted ad libitum intake (RWM), the RWM diet with wheat middlings replaced with ammoniated wheat middlings (RNWM), and ad libitum access to a chopped alfalfa hay diet. Although RWM steers were fed to consume 75% of ad libitum intake, RWM steers consumed 15.5% less DM than WM. Steers fed ad libitum hay consumed 28.6, 31.7, and 37.2% less (P < 0.01) DM, OM, and nitrogen than RWM steers. No differences in apparent or true ruminal digestibility were observed among steers fed the control vs WM, WM vs RWM, RWM vs RNWM, or RWM vs hay diets. However, the steers fed the hay diet had 32.5, 33.4, and 36.9% lower (P < 0.01) apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and N than those fed the RWM diet. Average ruminal pH was lower (P < 0.01) for control steers than those fed the WM diet and for those fed RWM compared to the hay diet. The acetate:propionate ratio was higher for cattle fed hay vs the RWM diet. Microbial DM and OM flow to the small intestine was higher (P < 0.02) for steers fed the RWM diet than those fed the hay diet. In addition, bacterial N flow to the small intestine was higher (P < 0.01) for cattle receiving the RWM diet than the hay diet. Feeding diets containing 25 percentage units of wheat middlings at 75% ad libitum intake had no effect on ruminal digestibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hermesmeyer
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Merchen
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nash
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen