title: Subareolar and peritumoral injection identify similar sentinel nodes for breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with radioisotope and blue dye is rapidly becoming the standard of care for breast cancer. The optimal location for injection of radioisotope and blue dye is still being investigated. The goal of this study was to determine whether blue dye injection into the subareolar (SA) location localized the same sentinel nodes as the peritumoral (PT) location for patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred thirty-two patients with biopsy-proven operable breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ at two institutions underwent SLN mapping. Eighty-three patients had PT injection of blue dye (group 1), and 249 patients had SA injection of blue dye (group 2). All patients underwent PT injection of (99m)Tc-labeled sulfur colloid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar in age, previous biopsy type, and tumor size, location, and histology. The mean number of SLNs identified was 2.4 (range, 0-9) in group 1 and 2.5 (range, 0-11) in group 2. The SLN identification rate was 95% for group 1 and 97% for group 2. The isotope success rate was 94% for both groups. The blue dye success rate was 84% for group 1 and 90% for group 2. The isotope/blue dye concordance rate was 87% for group 1 and 90% for group 2. At a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 14 to 40), there were no axillary recurrences in any of the 332 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that delivery of mapping reagents in the SA and PT locations identifies similar lymph nodes. Because of simplicity and the similarity in node identification between SA and PT injection, further investigation of the SA site for delivery of SLN mapping reagents for breast cancer is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Todd W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Francis R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Callans
authors.forename: Abass
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mick
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bedrosian
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fraker
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Czerniecki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C025484:iso-sulfan blue