title: [A hemodynamically active type II atrial septal defect in a 78-year-old patient. Indications for interventional catheter occlusion?].
abstract: METHODS
  A 78-year-old woman presented with a first episode of syncope. She reported increasing fatigue and dyspnoea upon exertion over a period of 20 years and chest pain 2 months prior to admission. Auscultation revealed fixed doubling of the second heart sound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory tests showed increased troponin I. Transaminases were moderately elevated. Chest X-ray showed an enlarged right heart and a dilated pulmonary artery (2 cm). Echocardiography discovered a large secundum atrial septal defect with a diameter of 3 cm but no right to left shunt (no Eisenmenger reaction). Cardiac catheterization revealed a stenosis of the right coronary artery and severe systolic pulmonary hypertension of 80 mmHg.
  
  
  METHODS
  A significant stenosis of the right coronary artery was successfully dilated. The ASD was closed by interventional implantation of a commercial closure device (Amplatzer). One month later, echocardiography indicated in an estimated systolic pulmonary pressure of 30 mmHg. The patient's condition improved considerably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case is remarkable in that a very large ASD was asymptomatic up into old age and without the development of an Eisenmenger reaction. Also, large ASD can be by catheterization with the appropriate closure device. Fixed pulmonary hypertension is not obligatory. Non-invasive closure is a good alternative of surgery in elderly patients with risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitäts-Klinikum Leipzig. vbrauer@web.de
authors.forename: V F H
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Brauer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gessner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagendorff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wirtz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D015607:Stents