title: NADPH-oxidase may contribute to IL-12 production in macrophages stimulated with CpG phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides.
abstract: CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) could be expectes to act as an adjuvant for humoral and cellular immunities. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of macrophage activation induced by CpG-ODN. Macrophage activation by CpG-ODN was evaluated by measurement of IL-12 secretion. IL-12 secretion by Cp-ODN was dose-dependent and saturation was observed at 1 microM. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetylcysteine, inhibited IL-12 secretion, suggesting that the intracellular redox state is important for the activation of macrophages by CpG-ODN. IL-12 secretion was also inhibited by NADPH-oxidase inhibitors, suggesting that ROS generated by NADPH-oxidase is involved in the immunostimulatory effect of CpG-ODN. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is one of the transcriptional factors involved in IL-12 gene expression, and indeed CpG-ODN activated NF-kappaB. However, NADPH-oxidase inhibitors did not affect the activation. These results indicated that NADPH-oxidase plays a crucial role in macrophage activation by CpG-ODN and NF-kappaB does not act as a predominant transcription factor for IL-12 secretion.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. aramaki@ps.toyaku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aramaki
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yotsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013873:Thionucleotides; D018664:Interleukin-12; D019255:NADPH Oxidases