title: A comparison of the short-term hypotensive effects and side effects of unilateral brimonidine and apraclonidine in patients with elevated intraocular pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the short-term ocular hypotensive efficacy and side effects of 0.2% brimonidine and 0.5% apraclonidine in patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a double-masked, placebo-controlled study to compare the efficacy of the application of 0.2% brimonidine and 0.5% apraclonidine for the effect of IOP, systemic blood pressure and heart rate in 20 newly diagnosed ocular hypertensive patients. Effects on the untreated fellow eye and ocular side effects were also determined. All measurements were performed 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the instillation of one drop.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brimonidine and apraclonidine significantly reduced IOP from baseline at all observation times. No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups. IOP decreased significantly in the untreated fellow eye in the brimonidine group at 4-, 6- and 8-hour checks and at 6-hour checks in the apraclonidine group when compared with placebo. Blood pressure and heart rate decreased significantly in the brimonidine group compared with placebo. Apraclonidine did not affect blood pressure or heart rate any differently than placebo. The pupil diameter and the interpalpebral fissure width significantly increased in the apraclonidine group, but not in the brimonidine group. There were no significant differences in the overall incidence of foreign body sensation, burning and stinging and dry mouth in the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the short-term, brimonidine was effective in reducing IOP in patients with elevated IOP and was equivalent in efficacy to apraclonidine. On the other hand, a significant change in blood pressure and heart rate was observed with brimonidine; there was no change at all in the apraclonidine group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. nursencemre@e-kolay.net
authors.forename: Nurşen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karabaş
authors.forename: Ozgül
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Altintaş
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cağlar
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; C016986:apraclonidine; D003000:Clonidine