title: Changes in serum S100beta protein and Mini-Mental State Examination after cold (28 degrees C) and warm (34 degrees C) cardiopulmonary bypass using different blood gas strategies (alpha-stat and pH-stat).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass temperature and blood gas management on the brain is still controversial. This study was designed to compare the changes in S100beta protein concentration and Mini-Mental State Examination in patients undergoing cold (28 degrees C) vs. warm (34 degrees C) cardiopulmonary bypass using different blood gas strategies (alpha-stat and pH-stat).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomly allocated to one of four equal groups (cold alpha-stat, cold pH-stat, warm alpha-stat, warm pH-stat). Serum S100beta concentrations were measured before CPB, directly after CPB, at 4.5 h and at 24 h after CPB. Mini-Mental State Examination was performed one day before surgery and on day five after the operation. Antegrade warm blood cardioplegia (37 degrees C) was used in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in postoperative S100beta protein levels between the four groups. Also, there was no interaction between bypass temperature and type of blood gas strategy on S100beta levels after bypass (directly after bypass, 4.5 h and 24 h after bypass). Mini-Mental State Examination score was not affected by blood gas strategy but it was significantly lower in patients undergoing cold cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: median (range), 26 (12-29) vs. 27 (23-30) in warm patients, P = 0.014. There was no significant correlation between Mini-Mental State Examination score 5 days after CPB and S100beta levels at any of the studied time-points after CPB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the use of warm CPB (34 degrees C) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery regardless of the type of blood gas strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK. msali58@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaaban-Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harmer
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Latto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haaverstad
authors.forename: E N P
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kulatilake
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Butchart
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide