title: Phase I study of N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polyamines are essential for tumor growth; consequently, agents that interfere with their metabolisms have been developed as antineoplastic agents. Diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) is one such agent. A focused Phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients were treated with DENSPM using a dosing schedule of once daily for 5 days. Doses ranged from 25 mg/m(2)/day to 231 mg/m(2)/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dose-limiting toxicity was determined to be gastrointestinal including asthenia, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and nausea. The maximal tolerated dose was 185 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days. At drug dosages for which it was possible to estimate, serum half-life ranged from 0.5 to 3.7 h without apparent dose dependence. Maximal serum concentrations increased with dosage. However, the increase was greater than the proportional increase of the administered dose. There were no objective disease responses observed during the Phase I trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the Phase I clinical trial suggest that DENSPM can safely be administered to patients with minimal toxicity. Furthermore, the observed dose-limiting toxicity is unique to DENSPM, thus underscoring the potential for DENSPM to be a suitable agent for chemotherapy in combination with agents possessing different spectrums of toxicities.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Hillary A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ettinger
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bowling
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoker
authors.forename: Tian Ling
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zabelina
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Casero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D012449:Safety; D013096:Spermine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C059685:N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine; D013096:Spermine