title: Age effects on urethral striated muscle. II. Anatomic location of muscle loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to measure the thickness and cross-sectional area of urethral muscle layers to identify localized striated muscle loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  The urethra and surrounding tissues from 25 female cadavers (mean age, 52 +/- 18 [SD] years; range, 15-80 years) were used for this study. Axial and median sagittal histologic sections were prepared. Median sagittal muscle layer thickness was measured every 10% of urethral length (each decile) in the dorsal wall (adjacent to the vagina) and ventral wall, beginning at the caudal margin of the detrusor muscle (0%) and ending at the caudal margin of the striated muscle (100%). In the midurethral cross-section, the thickness of each layer was measured along radial lines placed every 45 degrees with 0 degrees at the ventral midline and 180 degrees at the dorsal midline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the median sagittal sections, striated muscle layers of urethras were thinner at the vesical neck in older women. In the ventral wall, it decreased by a mean of 18 to 23 microm (3.4%-4.3%; P <.001) per year at 10% to 30% of urethral wall length. Dorsal striated muscle layers were thinner at every decile by 11 to 16 microm (3.2%-4.3%; P <.05); their total cross-sectional areas decreased by 0.19 mm2) (3.8%) per year short ( P <.001). In the midurethral cross-sections, the muscle was thinner by 16 to 25 microm (1.5% and 4.6%; P <.05) at 90, 135, and 180 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Striated muscle was lost at the bladder neck and along the dorsal wall of the urethra as women aged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. daniele.perucchini@fhk.usz.ch
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perucchini
authors.forename: John O L
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: DeLancey
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ashton-Miller
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galecki
authors.forename: Gabriel N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Schaer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder