title: New evidence that nuclear import of endogenous beta-catenin is LEF-1 dependent, while LEF-1 independent import of exogenous beta-catenin leads to nuclear abnormalities.
abstract: The once accepted idea that LEF-1 transports beta-catenin into nuclei has recently been challenged by experiments using exogenous beta-catenin. Here, we investigated the effects of beta-catenin and LEF-1 on nuclear import of beta-catenin using different combinations of exogenous and endogenous molecules over longer lengths of time than previously studied. Nuclear beta-catenin is not detectable in corneal fibroblasts and epithelia or NIH 3T3 and MDCK cells. In LEF-1 transfections, we show that the B-box of LEF-1 is required to move cytoplasmic endogenous beta-catenin into the nuclei of such cells, proving that LEF-1 does transport endogenous beta-catenin into nuclei. Moreover, transfection of uveal melanoma cells with B-box deficient LEF-1 inhibits nuclear import of beta-catenin by endogenous LEF-1. However, the movement of overexpressed exogenous beta-catenin into nuclei is unaffected by the presence or absence of LEF-1 and forms abnormal nuclear aggregates that are a prelude to subsequent apoptosis. We conclude that nuclear transport of exogenous beta-catenin independently of LEF-1 has questionable physiological significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000502:physiology; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497573:LEF1 protein, human; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin