Normobaric hyperoxia reduces MRI diffusion abnormalities and infarct size in experimental stroke.
BACKGROUND
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is considered an important stroke treatment strategy.


BACKGROUND
To determine whether normobaric oxygen is neuroprotective, and, if so, what the therapeutic time window is.


METHODS
Experiment 1-Serial diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI (DWI and PWI) was performed after middle cerebral artery filament occlusion (MCAO) in rats randomized to FiO(2) 30% (normoxia) or FiO(2) 100% (hyperoxia). Experiment 2-48-hour lesion volumes were analyzed in rats subjected to 2-hour MCAO and randomized to normoxia or hyperoxia starting 15, 30, or 45 minutes after MCAO and ending 15 minutes after reperfusion.


RESULTS
Experiment 1-Lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were persistently low in normoxic animals. In hyperoxia-treated rats, ADC values in cortical border zones showed progressive recovery from 66 +/- 3% of contralateral before hyperoxia, to 104 +/- 20% at approximately 2 hours. Striatal ADC values showed early but ill-sustained improvement. ADC lesion volumes increased progressively in the normoxia group. In the hyperoxia group, ADC lesion volumes tended to decrease after starting hyperoxia; however, lesions later increased in size, and 2-hour lesion volumes were not significantly different from baseline. PWI showed stable right MCA hypoperfusion in all animals. Experiment 2-Hyperoxia within 30 minutes significantly reduced total and cortical lesion volumes at 48 hours after stroke. Striatal lesion volumes were significantly reduced in the hyperoxia-15 group.


CONCLUSIONS
In rats subjected to transient stroke, 100% oxygen administered within 30 minutes salvages ischemic brain tissue, especially in the cerebral cortex. Reducing the time to treatment enhances the degree of neuroprotection.
Singhal
Aneesh B
AB
Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. asinghal@partners.org
Dijkhuizen
Rick M
RM
Rosen
Bruce R
BR
Lo
Eng H
EH
D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000473:pathology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley