title: Parasomnias decline during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A survey of the effects of pregnancy on parasomnias.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an area of a central hospital and the maternity care units in the nearby rural community, women were interviewed during and after their pregnancy with a series of five questionnaires to assess the frequency of their parasomnias. The first questionnaire covered the 3 months before becoming pregnant, the next three the trimesters of pregnancy and the last one the 3 months after delivery. Altogether 325 mothers filled all the five questionnaires and constitute the study group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of parasomnias declined (P < 0.001) during pregnancy and even more among the primiparas than among the multiparas (difference until third trimester, P=0.02). Among various parasomnias reported, sleep talking and sleepwalking decreased from the prepregnant period to the second trimester (22.8 vs 12.6%, change P=0.003), and the reported sleep starts also diminished from the prepregnant time to the first trimester (78.5 vs 63.1%, P < 0.001), but these phenomena did not change further during the follow-up. Altogether 55.7% of the women reported having nightmares 3 months before the pregnancy, and 47.7, 49.5, 41.2 and 40.3% (change from the prepregnant period, P < 0.001), respectively, at first, second and third trimester and after the delivery. Reported hypnagogic hallucinations decreased from the prepregnant time to the first trimester (9.8 vs 6.5%, P=0.027), but returned thereafter to the previous level. During the prepregnant period, 25.8% of the women reported bruxism and only 19.9% during the first trimester (P=0.009). Though the prevalence of sleep paralysis decreased during the first trimester of pregnancy, it was the only parasomnia that increased during later pregnancy (from 5.7 to 13.3% in the second trimester, P < 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported frequency of most parasomnias decreases during pregnancy and even more in primiparas than multiparas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Finland. christine.hedman@kolumbus.fi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pohjasvaara
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tolonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmivaara
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Myllylä
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000473:pathology*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*