title: Comparison of multidimensional flow cytometry with standard morphology for evaluation of early marrow response in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF) with morphology in evaluating early marrow response to induction chemotherapy in pediatric ALL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemotherapy response was determined by standard morphology or by MDF assessed by residual leukemic cell percentage remaining in the marrow on days 7, 14, and 28 of induction. Bone marrow response was classified as M3 (>25% leukemic blasts) or M1/M2 (< or = 25% leukemic blasts). Multidimensional flow cytometry evaluation was compared with that of standard morphology. Available day-7 and day-14 marrow slides were also reevaluated by a single pathologist without patients' clinical information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 46 day-7 specimens, eight (17%) had discordant MDF and morphologic results (P < 0.001), including six classified as M3 by morphology but were M1/M2 by MDF, and two were classified as M3 by MDF but were M1/M2 by morphology. Of 24 day-14 bone marrow specimens, five (20.5%) were discordant (P < 0.001), including two classified as M3 by morphology but were M1/M2 by MDF, and three were classified as M3 by MDF but were M1/M2 by morphology. Reevaluation of the blinded day-7 and day-14 marrow slides yielded discordance between repeated pathology readings of 11% (P < 0.001) and 6% (P = 0.04), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show significant discordance between the morphologic and MDF evaluation of early marrow response. Early response to therapy is a significant prognostic indicator in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is used to alter subsequent treatment; thus, precise assessment of response is important. A larger comparison of MDF with morphology for the evaluation of early response, including correlation with clinical outcome, is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA. smeshinc@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meshinchi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leisenring
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Radich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loken
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012306:Risk; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome