title: Stat1-vitamin D receptor interactions antagonize 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D transcriptional activity and enhance stat1-mediated transcription.
abstract: The cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and the calcitropic steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) are activators of macrophage immune function. In sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and several granulomatoses, IFN-gamma induces 1,25D synthesis by macrophages and inhibits 1,25D induction of 24-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in 1,25D inactivation, causing high levels of 1,25D in serum and hypercalcemia. This study delineates IFN-gamma-1,25D cross talk in human monocytes-macrophages. Nuclear accumulation of Stat1 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) by IFN-gamma and 1,25D promotes protein-protein interactions between Stat1 and the DNA binding domain of the VDR. This prevents VDR-retinoid X receptor (RXR) binding to the vitamin D-responsive element, thus diverting the VDR from its normal genomic target on the 24-hydroxylase promoter and antagonizing 1,25D-VDR transactivation of this gene. In contrast, 1,25D enhances IFN-gamma action. Stat1-VDR interactions, by preventing Stat1 deactivation by tyrosine dephosphorylation, cooperate with IFN-gamma/Stat1-induced transcription. This novel 1,25D-IFN-gamma cross talk explains the pathogenesis of abnormal 1,25D homeostasis in granulomatous processes and provides new insights into 1,25D immunomodulatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Chilakamarti V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ramana
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dusso
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008954:Models, Biological; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase; D002117:Calcitriol