title: P-nitrophenol degradation by activated sludge attached on nonwovens.
abstract: p-Nitrophenol (PNP) is a toxic compound that enters the environment during manufacturing and processing of a variety of industrial products. This study demonstrates the use of inexpensive and durable nonwovens as a biomass retainer for the biological degradation of p-nitrophenol. An essential aspect of p-nitrophenol degradation was the cultivation of p-nitrophenol degrading biomass prior to its attachment on the nonwovens. Results of continuous flow experiments demonstrated that using the nonwovens could attain consistent high-rate p-nitrophenol degradation. 500 mg-PNP/L was completely degraded at a hydraulic retention time of 11 h. Specific and volumetric p-nitrophenol loading rates were determined to be 165 mg-PNP/g-MLSS/d and 1.6 g-PNP/L/d, respectively. Nitrite released from p-nitrophenol breakdown was not completely nitrified to nitrate. Characteristics of p-nitrophenol degrading sludge were also investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: Zafar Iqbal
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007700:Kinetics; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D014872:Water Movements; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D009596:Nitrophenols; C024836:4-nitrophenol