title: Diet supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-carotene cocktail enhances basal neutrophil antioxidant enzymes in athletes.
abstract: Exercise increases oxygen consumption and causes a disturbance of intracellular pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. Few data are available as to the cumulative effects of exercise on the antioxidant defenses of the neutrophil. We studied the effects of 90 days' supplementation with placebo or an antioxidant cocktail of vitamin E (500 mg/day) and beta-carotene (30 mg/day) and the last 15 days also with vitamin C (1 g/day) on sportsmen's basal neutrophil antioxidant defenses. We analyzed the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and the activities and levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione disulfide in neutrophils purified from antecubital vein blood of sportsmen before and after diet supplementation. Plasma vitamin E, beta-carotene and vitamin C concentrations in the antioxidant-supplemented group were approximately 1.6, 10, and 1.2 times higher respectively than those of the placebo group. The antioxidant-supplemented group presented a significantly higher glutathione versus glutathione disulfide ratio in neutrophils (about 20%) than the placebo one. Antioxidant supplementation enhances the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Laboratori de Ciències de l'Activitat Física and Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Edifici Guillem Colom. Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Campus Universitari, 07071, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tauler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguiló
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuentespina
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013177:Sports; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide