Pharmacogenetics in affective disorders.
Pharmacogenetics will be of substantial help in the field of affective disorders pharmacotherapy. The possible definition of a genetic liability profile for drug side-effects and efficacy will be of great help in treatments that need weeks to months to be effective. During the last few years, a number of groups have reported possible liability genes. The efficacy and time of onset of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been associated with a polymorphism in the promoter region of the transporter (SERTPR) in many independent studies, while variants at the tryptophan hydroxylase gene, 5-HT2a receptor and G-protein beta3 have been associated with them in pilot studies. Lithium long-term prophylactic efficacy has been associated with SERTPR, TPH and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase variants, though in unreplicated samples. A number of further candidate genes were not associated with these treatments. In conclusion, both acute and long-term treatments appear to be, at least to some extent, under genetic influence and preliminary data have identified possible liability genes.
Serretti
Alessandro
A
Department of Psychiatry, Instituto Scientifico H San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele del Monte Tabor, Via Stamira D'Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy. serretti.alessandro@hsr.it
Lilli
Roberta
R
Smeraldi
Enrico
E
D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000235:genetics; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008094:Lithium; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins