title: Failed reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy: recognition and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Failed reperfusion after thrombolysis occurs in as many as 30% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, some patients have incomplete tissue perfusion despite reperfusion of the infarct-related artery. Close assessment of the efficacy of thrombolytic administration in people with evolving acute MI is necessary, particularly with regard to myocardial perfusion status, because some patients may benefit from incremental pharmacologic or invasive reperfusion strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews a number of strategies to assess infarct-related artery patency and myocardial tissue perfusion. These include coronary angiography, continuous ST-segment monitoring, serial electrocardiography, obtaining serial serum biochemical markers of myocardial necrosis, monitoring for reperfusion arrhythmias, and assessment of changes in chest pain intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early detection of failed reperfusion is critical if incremental strategies to enhance myocardial salvage are to be considered. Continuous ST-segment monitoring is a relatively inexpensive, reliable, and accurate tool for assessing real-time myocardial perfusion.
authors.affiliation: University of South Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Angela Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kucia
authors.forename: Christopher James
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zeitz
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents