title: Impact of two or three daily subcutaneous injections of hexarelin, a synthetic growth hormone (GH) secretagogue, on 24-h GH, prolactin, adrenocorticotropin and cortisol secretion in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To extend the insights on the action of GH secretagogues (GHS) on pituitary function, we studied the impact of intermittent daily s.c. administration of a peptidyl GHS, hexarelin (HEX), on 24-h GH, PRL, ACTH and cortisol release in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the impact of two or three times daily s.c. administration of a short-acting peptidyl GHS, the hexapeptide HEX (1.5 microg/kg) on 24-h GH, PRL, ACTH and cortisol secretion (sampling every 20 min) in six normal young men. To monitor possible down-regulation, the effect of 1 microg/kg i.v. HEX at the end of each 24-h sampling period was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-parameter deconvolution analysis was used to quantitate pulsatile GH, PRL, ACTH and cortisol secretion and estimate the corresponding hormone half-lives. Complementary to deconvolution analysis, approximate entropy was used as a scale- and model-independent statistic to quantify the serial orderliness or pattern regularity of hormone measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean and integrated (24-h) serum GH concentrations were increased from baseline values to the same extent by two and three HEX injections. Both HEX schedules equally increased GH secretory burst mass (but not burst frequency), mean daily GH production rate, GH half-life and irregularity of GH release patterns. No change occurred in the secretion of IGF-I, PRL, ACTH and cortisol. Intravenous HEX at the end of each spontaneous 24-h profile induced a significant rise in GH, PRL, ACTH and cortisol. Prior HEX administration blunted the GH response, abolished that of ACTH and cortisol and did not modify the PRL increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that two or three daily s.c. injections of HEX augmented 24-h GH secretion equally, amplifying selectively GH secretory pulse mass without altering lactotroph and corticotroph secretion. IGF-I levels were not modified by these 1-day HEX treatment schedules.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. mauromac@interfree.it
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccario
authors.forename: Johannes D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Veldhuis
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Broglio
authors.forename: Lidia Di
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Vito
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arvat
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deghenghi
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghigo
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D009842:Oligopeptides; C086184:hexarelin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone