title: Hedgehog signal transduction proteins: contacts of the Fused kinase and Ci transcription factor with the kinesin-related protein Costal2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hedgehog signaling proteins play important roles in development by controlling growth and patterning in various animals including Drosophila and mammals. Hedgehog signaling triggers changes in responsive cells through a novel transduction mechanism that ultimately controls the transcription of specific target genes via the activity of zinc finger transcription factors of the Cubitus interruptus/GLI family. In flies, key Hedgehog signal transduction components have been identified including the kinesin-related protein Costal2, the serinethreonine kinase Fused, and the PEST-containing protein Suppressor of Fused. These proteins control Cubitus interruptus cleavage, nucleo-cytoplasmic localization and activation. In fly embryos, Costal2, Fused, Suppressor of Fused and Cubitus interruptus are associated in at least one cytoplasmic complex, which interacts with the microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we identified and mapped direct interactions between Cos2, Fu, and Ci using an in vitro affinity assay and the yeast two-hybrid system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide new insights into the possible mechanism of the cytosolic steps of Hedgehog transduction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de génétique et évolution, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France. monnier@ijm.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Monnier
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanial
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plessis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C092937:ci protein, Drosophila; C107452:cos protein, Drosophila; C077245:hh protein, Drosophila; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C085770:fu protein, Drosophila; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016547:Kinesins