title: Inflammatory leukocyte infiltration in focal cerebral ischemia: unrelated to infarct size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An inflammatory host response in the ischemically injured brain is well documented. However, its pathophysiological relevance is uncertain. We investigated whether inflammatory leukocyte response in the ischemic brain alters infarct size.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cellular inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia in Wistar-derived rats induced by the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with a thread was pharmacologically upmodulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or downmodulated by continuous infusion of carboxylated sialyl Lewis(x) (sLex). The effects of such experimental modulation of focal cerebral leukocyte recruitment on the extent of the resulting infarction were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control treatments, LPS strongly enhanced (540.5 +/- 504.8 vs. 94.6 +/- 60.6, p < 0.01) and sLex decreased (32.8 +/- 29.1 vs. 97.0 +/- 49.7, p < 0.05) the numbers of neutrophils at the investigated sites in cerebral ischemia. Unexpectedly, despite such marked experimental modulation of leukocyte infiltration in the ischemic brain, the extent of the resulting cerebral infarction (percent of total hemisphere) remained unchanged under these different conditions (54.5 +/- 10.8 vs. 53.0 +/- 19.1, n.s. and 50.3 +/- 18.0 vs. 57.2 +/- 10.0, n.s., respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The striking dissociation between the massively altered inflammatory leukocyte infiltration in the ischemic brain and the unchanged infarct outcome indicates that intracerebral inflammatory leukocyte recruitment is not a major pathogenic factor in the development of ischemic tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Clinic Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fassbender
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ragoschke
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühl
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatar
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bertsch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreisel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hennerici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000080506:Sialyl Lewis X Antigen
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D000080506:Sialyl Lewis X Antigen