title: Clinical relevance and treatment possibilities of bipolar rapid cycling.
abstract: Bipolar rapid cycling (RC) is defined as 4 or more affective episodes within 1 year. It has been postulated that RC is related to a poor response to lithium, to the same extent as mixed episodes or other atypical symptoms of the illness. This article reviews the current status of alternative pharmacological or otherwise supportive therapies of RC. Biological parameters and characteristics of the illness associated with RC like gender prevalence in women, hyperthyroidism, catecholamine-O-methyltransferase allele, the influence of sleep, different subtypes of bipolar disorder and the risk of antidepressant-induced cycling will be discussed in detail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany. grunze@psy.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grunze
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dittmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walden
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011613:Psychotherapy; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs