title: Effect of burn injury on relative anaplerosis and gluconeogenesis in rats by 13C magnetic resonance spectrum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a safe and specific approach of (13)C magnetic resonance spectrum ((13)C MRS) spectroscopy and investigate the alterations in hepatic anabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative anaplerotic, pyruvate recycling and gluconeogenic fluxes were measured by (13)C MRS isotopomer analysis of blood glucose from rats with 40% body surface area burn injury, and from rats exposed to sham injury. A short chain fatty acid, [U (13)C] propionate which was avidly extracted by the liver, was infused intravenously to deliver (13)C into the citric acid cycle. Proton-decoupled (13)C MRS of deproteinized plasma or extracts of the freeze-clamped liver were used to determine the distribution of (13)C in blood or hepatic glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the multiplets detected in the glucose carbon-2 anomer from blood or liver after 45 or 60 minutes of the infusion of the propionate, indicating that steady-state isotopic conditions were achieved. Gluconeogenesis relative to citric acid cycle flux was not altered by burn injury; in both sham and burn groups the rate of glucose production was about equal to flux through citrate synthase. In the sham group of animals, the rate of entry of carbon skeletons into the citric acid cycle was about 4 times than that in the burn group. Similarly, flux through pyruvate kinase (again relative to citrate synthase) was significantly increased after the burn injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since results from analysis of the blood glucose are the same as that of the hepatic glucose, (13)C distribution in the glucose and hepatic metabolism can be assessed based on the (13)C MRS analysis of the blood glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China. xiazf@smmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zhaofan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jianguang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Guangyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shengde
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Hongtai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002247:Carbon Isotopes