Structural analysis of the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase in complex with ribonucleotides.
We report here the results of a systematic high-resolution X-ray crystallographic analysis of complexes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA polymerase with ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) and divalent metal ions. An unexpected observation revealed by this study is the existence of a specific rGTP binding site in a shallow pocket at the molecular surface of the enzyme, 30 A away from the catalytic site. This previously unidentified rGTP pocket, which lies at the interface between fingers and thumb, may be an allosteric regulatory site and could play a role in allowing alternative interactions between the two domains during a possible conformational change of the enzyme required for efficient initiation. The electron density map at 1.7-A resolution clearly shows the mode of binding of the guanosine moiety to the enzyme. In the catalytic site, density corresponding to the triphosphates of nucleotides bound to the catalytic metals was apparent in each complex with nucleotides. Moreover, a network of triphosphate densities was detected; these densities superpose to the corresponding moieties of the nucleotides observed in the initiation complex reported for the polymerase of bacteriophage phi6, strengthening the proposal that the two enzymes initiate replication de novo by similar mechanisms. No equivalent of the protein stacking platform observed for the priming nucleotide in the phi6 enzyme is present in HCV polymerase, however, again suggesting that a change in conformation of the thumb domain takes place upon template binding to allow for efficient de novo initiation of RNA synthesis.
Bressanelli
Stéphane
S
Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire Structurale, Génétique des Virus, UMR 1157, CNRS-INRA, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
Tomei
Licia
L
Rey
Félix A
FA
De Francesco
Raffaele
R
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002412:Cations; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006151:Guanosine / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
D002412:Cations; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D006151:Guanosine; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D008274:Magnesium; D008345:Manganese; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C087036:NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase