Nicotinamide and ketamine reduce infarct volume and DNA fragmentation in rats after brain ischemia and reperfusion.
The possible ability of nicotinamide and ketamine to decrease infarction volume and DNA fragmentation was investigated in a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model. DNA fragmentation was measured with an enzyme linked immunoassay. Control infarct volume was 223.8 +/- 10.6 mm(3). Ketamine alone did not alter infarct volume, 233.2 +/- 61.8 mm(3). Nicotinamide alone did not alter infarct volume, 235.2 +/- 62.8 mm(3). The combination of ketamine and nicotinamide decreased infarct volume to 83.8 +/- 35.2 mm(3). Ketamine produced hypothermia. Nicotinamide and ketamine decreased brain swelling and DNA fragmentation in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus in rats perfused for 6 or 24 h. Ketamine may synergize the actions of nicotinamide and partially prevent brain damage from ischemia and reperfusion.
Chang
Mei Ling
ML
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 508, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA.
Yang
Jun
J
Kem
Seyha
S
Klaidman
Lori
L
Sugawara
Taku
T
Chan
Pak H
PH
Adams
James D
JD
D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*
D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009536:Niacinamide; D007649:Ketamine