title: Ommatidial heterogeneity in the compound eye of the male small white butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora.
abstract: The ommatidia in the ventral two-thirds of the compound eye of male Pieris rapae crucivora are not uniform. Each ommatidium contains nine photoreceptor cells. Four cells (R1-4) form the distal two-thirds of the rhabdom, four cells (R5-8) approximately occupy the proximal one-third of the rhabdom, and the ninth cell (R9) takes up a minor basal part of the rhabdom. The R5-8 photoreceptor cells contain clusters of reddish pigment adjacent to the rhabdom. From the position of the pigment clusters, three types of ommatidia can be identified: the trapezoidal (type I), square (type II), and rectangular type (type III). Microspectrophotometry with an epi-illumination microscope has revealed that the reflectance spectra of type I and type III ommatidia peak at 635 nm and those of type II ommatidia peak at 675 nm. The bandwith of the reflectance spectra is 40-50 nm. Type II ommatidia strongly fluoresce under ultra-violet and violet epi-illumination. The three types of ommatidia are randomly distributed. The ommatidial heterogeneity is presumably crucial for color discrimination.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Kurt A J
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vanhoutte
authors.forename: Doekele G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stavenga
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002080:Butterflies / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010858:Pigmentation