title: A new guidance system for freehand, obstetric ultrasound-guided procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the performance of the UltraGuide 1000 system, and to compare ultrasound-guided freehand mid-trimester amniocentesis with and without the new guidance system.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-nine women referred for mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis were divided into two groups: a control group of 99 women who underwent the procedure by the freehand technique with scored needles and 70 patients who had the procedure carried out with the aid of a guidance system (UltraGuide 1000) with non-scored needles. The procedures were compared for duration, number of punctures and repositionings of the needle, the visibility of the needle during the puncture and the number of bloody taps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group had significantly lower rates of reinsertion (none vs. 7.1%), repositioning (7.1% vs. 17.7%), bloody taps (none vs. 6.1%), touching the fetus (5.7% vs. 22.2%) and prolonged duration of the procedure (4.3% vs. 14.4%) compared with the control group. There was one fetal loss in the control group. Non-visibility of the needle before reaching the amniotic sac occurred in 18.6% of cases in the study group and in 38.4% of cases in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new guidance system combines the benefits of an attached guide with the flexibility of the 'freehand' technique. Use of the new guidance system for mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis increases needle visibility and lowers the incidence of common complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Paltieli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Degani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zrayek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lewinski
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zamberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ohel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014159:Transducers; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*