title: Clinical characteristics of individuals with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2: analysis of 10,000 individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the characteristics that correlate best with the presence of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in individuals tested in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of 10,000 consecutive gene sequence analyses performed to identify mutations anywhere in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (7,461 analyses) or for three specific Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutations (2,539 analyses) were correlated with personal and family history of cancer, ancestry, invasive versus noninvasive breast neoplasia, and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mutations were identified in 1,720 (17.2%) of the 10,000 individuals tested, including 968 (20%) of 4,843 women with breast cancer and 281 (34%) of 824 with ovarian cancer, and the prevalence of mutations was correlated with specific features of the personal and family histories of the individuals tested. Mutations were as prevalent in high-risk women of African (25 [19%] of 133) and other non-Ashkenazi ancestries as those of European ancestry (712 [16%] of 4379) and were significantly less prevalent in women diagnosed before 50 years of age with ductal carcinoma in situ than with invasive breast cancer (13% v 24%, P =.0007). Of the 74 mutations identified in individuals of Ashkenazi ancestry through full sequence analysis of both BRCA1 and BRCA2, 16 (21.6%) were nonfounder mutations, including seven in BRCA1 and nine in BRCA2. Twenty-one (28%) of 76 men with breast cancer carried mutations, of which more than one third occurred in BRCA1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific features of personal and family history can be used to assess the likelihood of identifying a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 in individuals tested in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Myriad Genetic Laboratories and Myriad Genetics, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. tfrank@myriad.com
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Amie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Deffenbaugh
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hulick
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lingenfelter
authors.forename: Kathi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gumpper
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: Sean V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Tavtigian
authors.forename: Dmitry R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pruss
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Critchfield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000235:genetics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins