Phosphorylation of linker histones regulates ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes.
Members of the ATP-dependent family of chromatin remodeling enzymes play key roles in the regulation of transcription, development, DNA repair and cell cycle control. We find that the remodeling activities of the ySWI/SNF, hSWI/SNF, xMi-2 and xACF complexes are nearly abolished by incorporation of linker histones into nucleosomal array substrates. Much of this inhibition is independent of linker histone-induced folding of the arrays. We also find that phosphorylation of the linker histone by Cdc2/Cyclin B kinase can rescue remodeling by ySWI/SNF. These results suggest that linker histones exert a global, genome-wide control over remodeling activities, implicating a new, obligatory coupling between linker histone kinases and ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes.
Horn
Peter J
PJ
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Carruthers
Lenny M
LM
Logie
Colin
C
Hill
David A
DA
Solomon
Mark J
MJ
Wade
Paul A
PA
Imbalzano
Anthony N
AN
Hansen
Jeffrey C
JC
Peterson
Craig L
CL
D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D004265:DNA Helicases; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D056245:Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D015003:Yeasts
D001324:Autoantigens; C115323:CHD4 protein, human; D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae; D056245:Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex; D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605089:APOBEC1 protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D004265:DNA Helicases