title: Spontaneous intramural small-bowel hematoma: clinical presentation and long-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience with the treatment of patients with nontraumatic spontaneous intramural small-bowel hematoma. Our hypothesis was that this condition resolves spontaneously in most patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the records of 13 patients with nontraumatic spontaneous intramural small-bowel hematoma who presented to Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minn; Scottsdale, Ariz; and Jacksonville, Fla) between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care medical institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean age at presentation was 64 years (8 men, 5 women). Patients presented with abdominal pain (13 patients), intestinal obstruction (11 patients), and biliary obstruction (1 patient). Mean duration of symptoms was 4 days. Eight patients were receiving anticoagulant therapy (mean international normalized ratio, 11.6). Only 1 patient was anemic at presentation, but 11 patients became anemic during hospitalization. Computed tomography established the diagnosis in all patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Short- and long-term outcomes obtained from clinical records and telephone interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single and multiple hematomas were present in 11 patients and 2 patients, respectively. Two patients had an exploratory operation, but no bowel resection was performed. The other 11 patients were managed with bowel rest. Two patients died of sepsis related to their coexisting medical conditions, and 11 patients left the hospital without short-term complications. At follow-up (mean, 35 months), 4 patients had died of unrelated causes, and 7 were alive; none had recurrence of bowel hematoma or intestinal obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonoperative treatment of spontaneous small-bowel hematoma has a good outcome in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
authors.forename: Maher A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Olden
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006406:Hematoma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D007421:Intestine, Small; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins