title: Stress in pregnancy: a new Wistar rat model for human preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study evaluated the effects of chronic and/or acute stress on pregnant and nonpregnant female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were exposed to the sonic stimulus associated with overpopulation between days 7 and 14 of pregnancy. The rats were immobilized 2 days before the vascular reactivity experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 14-day pregnant rats, chronic stress led to lower weight, increased adrenal weight, lower endothelium-derived relaxing factor release, and lower fetal weight. In 20-day pregnant rats, chronic stress caused decreased weight gain, higher blood pressure, increased vasomotility and proteinuria, lower endothelium-derived relaxing factor release, and lower fetal weight. In the 20-day pregnant group, the higher adrenal weight resulted in higher blood pressure, lower vascular relaxation, and lower average fetal weight. A greater number of fetuses had higher adrenal weight, higher blood pressure, and lower vascular relaxation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alterations found in the rats were similar to those that occur in human preeclampsia. Therefore, we propose a new animal model for human preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School and Laboratory of Obstetric Physiology, Brazil. nilton.takiuti@hcnet.usp.br
authors.forename: Nilton H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Takiuti
authors.forename: Soubhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahhale
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zugaib
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide