title: Therapy of microcirculatory disorders in severe acute pancreatitis: what mediators should we block?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of different vasoactive mediator antagonists in the same model of severe acute pancreatitis (AP) and to evaluate whether combinations of the agents exhibit synergistic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microcirculation and pancreas research laboratory at an university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hundred eighty anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hours after inducing AP by intra-ductal bile salt infusion and i.v. cerulein in 168 rats, these were randomized for therapy with (1) saline, (2) endothelin receptor antagonist (ET-RA), (3) platelet activating factor receptor antagonist (PAF-RA), (4) intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antibody (ICAM-1-AB) or different combinations (5-7). After 24 h the animals underwent a second laparotomy for intra-vital microscopic determination of pancreatic and colonic capillary permeability, blood flow and leukocyte-endothelial interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AP induction decreased capillary blood flow and increased permeability and leukocyte rolling. ET-RA, PAF-RA and ICAM-1-AB decreased capillary permeability, increased blood flow and reduced leukocyte rolling. ET-RA was most effective in decreasing capillary permeability in both organs as well as in increasing pancreatic capillary blood flow. Combining vasoactive mediator blockers did not further improve target parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports previous observations that ET-RA, PAF-RA and ICAM-1-AB improve microcirculation in AP and that ET-RA is more effective than PAF-RA or ICAM-1-AB, especially in counteracting capillary leakage. Although this may suggest that they act through different mechanisms, antagonist combinations failed to improve microcirculation further. We conclude that ET-RA is the most promising candidate for a clinical trial to reduce capillary leakage in patients with AP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. Geibl@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eibl
authors.forename: Heinz J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Buhr
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foitzik
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019559:Capillary Leak Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D002108:Ceruletide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002108:Ceruletide