title: Gene:environment interaction in lipid metabolism and effect on coronary heart disease risk.
abstract: Both genetic and environmental factors influence coronary heart disease, therefore studies of coronary heart disease risk are often confounded by gene:gene and gene:environment interactions. Such interactions imply that at the molecular level there is synergy between the gene products or with the by-products of the environmental insult, resulting in a greater than additive effect on risk. Genetic risk is thus modifiable in an environment-specific manner. This review focuses on recently reported effects of smoking (environmental factor) on the impact of variation in the genes for glutathione S-transferase, paraoxonase and apolipoprotein E on the risk of coronary heart disease and effects on intermediate lipid traits. We end on a cautionary note for the need for repeat studies to confirm these reported gene:environment effects.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK. p.talmud@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Philippa J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Talmud
authors.forename: Steve E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Humphries
mesh_terms: D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D004777:Environment; D004950:Esterases / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004950:Esterases; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase