title: Cytokine levels in patients with a very low left ventricular ejection fraction after open heart surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac operations are obligatorily connected with systemic inflammatory reaction. Production of proinflammatory cytokines is responsible also for negative effects on the myocardial function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Follow-up of the dynamic changes of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with left ventricular dysfunction during the first week after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of nine patients with a very low left ventricular ejection fraction (22.75 +/- 0.65%) who had undergone cardiac surgery (for coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve reconstruction) were investigated during the first after week operation. The preoperative and postoperative plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were estimated by means of ELISA technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With respect to the preoperative levels, on the first postoperative day the levels IL-8 (from 9.36 to 16.65 pg/ml) (p < 0.05) and of IL-10 (from 6.93 to 28.09 pg/ml) (p < 0.02) significantly rose with a stepwise decrease down to the seventh day after surgery. From the third to seventh day an insignificant increase in TNF level was also noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results have shown that open heart surgery in patients with a severe left ventricular dysfunction evoked a systemic inflammatory response demonstrated by early increase in proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 and was accompanied by increased level of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10. Despite stepwise decrease in IL-8 levels, they did not reach the preoperative levels, not even on the seventh postoperative day. (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 21.)
authors.affiliation: St. Cyril and Methods Hospital, Bratislava-Petrzalka, Slovakia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martakova
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olejarova
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danova
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parrak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucova
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pechan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10