title: Tetraethylammonium block of water flux in Aquaporin-1 channels expressed in kidney thin limbs of Henle's loop and a kidney-derived cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels are constitutively active water channels that allow rapid transmembrane osmotic water flux, and also serve as cyclic-GMP-gated ion channels. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 0.05 to 10 mM) was shown previously to inhibit the osmotic water permeability of human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The purpose of the present study was to determine if TEA blocks osmotic water flux of native AQP1 channels in kidney, and recombinant AQP1 channels expressed in a kidney derived MDCK cell line. We also demonstrate that TEA does not inhibit the cGMP-dependent ionic conductance of AQP1 expressed in oocytes, supporting the idea that water and ion fluxes involve pharmacologically distinct pathways in the AQP1 tetrameric complex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEA blocked water permeability of AQP1 channels in kidney and kidney-derived cells, demonstrating this effect is not limited to the oocyte expression system. Equivalent inhibition is seen in MDCK cells with viral-mediated AQP1 expression, and in rat renal descending thin limbs of Henle's loops which abundantly express native AQP1, but not in ascending thin limbs which do not express AQP1. External TEA (10 mM) does not block the cGMP-dependent AQP1 ionic conductance, measured by two-electrode voltage clamp after pre-incubation of oocytes in 8Br-cGMP (10-50 mM) or during application of the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (2-4 mM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEA selectively inhibits osmotic water permeability through native and heterologously expressed AQP1 channels. The pathways for water and ions in AQP1 differ in pharmacological sensitivity to TEA, and are consistent with the idea of independent solute pathways within the channel structure. The results confirm the usefulness of TEA as a pharmacological tool for the analysis of AQP1 function.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA. ayool@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yool
authors.forename: Olga H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Brokl
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pannabecker
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Dantzler
authors.forename: W Daniel
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Stamer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004285:Dogs; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008138:Loop of Henle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019789:Tetraethylammonium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: C496022:Aqp1 protein, rat; D020346:Aquaporins; D014867:Water; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D019789:Tetraethylammonium