title: The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid induces striatal neurodegeneration via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun module.
abstract: Impairments in mitochondrial energy metabolism are thought to be involved in most neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). Chronic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a suicide inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, causes prolonged energy impairments and replicates most of the pathophysiological features of HD, including preferential striatal degeneration. In this study, we analyzed one of the mechanisms that could account for this selective 3-NP-induced striatal degeneration. In chronically 3-NP-infused rats, the time course of motor behavioral impairments and histological abnormalities was determined. Progressive alterations of motor performance occurred after 3 d. By histological analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end-labeling staining, we found a selective neurodegenerescence in the striatum, occurring first in its dorsolateral (DL) part. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was analyzed from brain sections of these rats, using immunocytochemical detection of its phosphorylated form. Activation of JNK occurred progressively and selectively in the DL of the striatum and was followed by c-Jun activation and expression in the same striatal region. To elucidate the role of the JNK/c-Jun module in 3-NP-induced striatal degeneration, we then used primary striatal neurons in culture, in which we replicated neuronal death by application of 3-NP. We found strong nuclear translocation of activated JNK that was rapidly followed by phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun. Overexpression of a dominant negative version of c-Jun, lacking its transactivation domain and phosphorylation sites for activated JNK, completely abolished 3-NP-induced striatal neurodegeneration. We thus conclude that a genetic program controlled by the JNK/c-Jun module is an important molecular event in 3-NP-induced striatal degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Neuronal Signaling and Gene Regulation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/University Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7102, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanhoutte
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pages
authors.forename: Marie-Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Besson
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brouillet
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caboche
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity*; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid