title: Cumulative effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors on quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess the quality of life for adults who differed in level of risk for cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 51 men and 80 women from southwestern Ohio between the ages of 20 and 86 years. Individuals level of risk was based on the culmination of four cardiovascular disease risk factors: hypertension (i.e., systolic BP>or=140 mmHg or diastolic BP>or= 90 mmHg), obesity (i.e., BMI>or=30), high cholesterol (i.e., total cholesterol>or=240 mg/dL), and presence/absence of smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each risk factor was analyzed independently and cumulatively for effects on the SF-36 dimensions (i.e., Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role-Emotional, Mental Health). The data suggested that quality of life impairment (indicated by lower scores on the SF-36 dimensions) increased as the number of cardiovascular disease risk factors an individual had increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular disease risk factors unknown to the participants had differential effects on the SF-36 dimensions, and quality of life decreased as the number of risk factors individuals had increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siervogel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Wm C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chumlea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects