title: Inhibitory mechanism of costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Laurus nobilis, on blood-ethanol elevation in rats: involvement of inhibition of gastric emptying and increase in gastric juice secretion.
abstract: Basic inhibitory mechanisms of costunolide and its active component, alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone (alpha-MGBL), on blood-ethanol elevation were investigated in rats. In normal rats, blood-ethanol elevation (30 min later) induced by 20% (v/v) ethanol [5 ml/kg, per os (p.o.)] was strongly inhibited by pretreatment (30 min earlier) with costunolide and alpha-MGBL (50 mg/kg, p.o.). In pylorus-ligated rats given ethanol, blood-ethanol level (30 min) was barely elevated compared with that of normal rats. Neither costunolide nor alpha-MGBL affected the blood-ethanol elevation in pylorus-ligated rats or that induced by intraperitoneal and intraduodenal ethanol administration. Moreover, these compounds given orally induced no irreversible changes in alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rat liver. We continuously investigated the rate of gastric emptying in rats given various test meals. Costunolide and alpha-MGBL suppressed gastric emptying in rats given 20% ethanol and 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. alpha-MGBL (50 mg/kg), but not costunolide, suppressed gastric emptying in 20% glucose-loaded rats. In an in vitro experiment, alpha-MGBL contracted the pylorus strip at a high concentration (20 mM), which was the estimated concentration in the stomach when the substance was given orally in vivo. These findings suggested that alpha-MGBL constricted the pylorus and caused delay of gastric emptying. Moreover, both compounds increased gastric fluid secretion with pepsin and mucus. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of costunolide and alpha-MGBL on blood-ethanol elevation were based on inhibition of gastric emptying and dilution of the ethanol concentration by the increased gastric fluid.
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D027442:Laurus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011708:Pylorus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007783:Lactones
chemical_list: D015107:4-Butyrolactone; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000431:Ethanol; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C014096:alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone; C002602:costunolide; D007783:Lactones