title: Antioxidant enzyme levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal human oral epithelium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antioxidant enzymes (manganese- and copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) limit cell injury induced by reactive oxygen species. The purpose of the study was to determine whether human oral squamous cell carcinomas have altered antioxidant enzyme levels. This study is the first to undertake this task in human oral mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine 26 archived oral squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Fourteen well-differentiated and 12 poorly differentiated tumors were examined, as were 12 specimens of oral mucosa. All sections were reviewed by two oral and maxillofacial pathologists, and image analysis of the immunostained sections was performed using NIH Image. Antioxidant enzyme staining intensities were compared in the different groups by Duncan's multiple range test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, mucosal basal cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme levels than spinous cells, and primary tumor cells displayed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than did their normal cell counterparts. Moreover, poorly differentiated tumor cells showed lower antioxidant enzyme staining intensities than well-differentiated tumor cells. Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase staining intensities were, however, higher in well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas than their normal cells of origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of antioxidant enzymes may be a useful future marker in the molecular diagnosis of the oral cancer. Moreover, it may be possible to not only monitor the effectiveness of chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies in oral cancer using these enzymes, but to monitor tumor recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. jyang@dental.temple.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: E W N
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Oberley
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Oberley
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase