title: Electrical and dye leakage comparison of three root-end restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess three modern root-end restorative materials with electrical and dye leakage tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three human canine teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. Stainless steel rods were inserted into the root canals as anodes, and the teeth were varnished. The apical 3 mm of each tooth was resected, and 3-mm root-end preparations were made ultrasonically. Mineral trioxide aggregate, Super EBA, and IRM were used to restore 10 teeth each, and three teeth were varnished as controls. Following 24 hours' setting in blood, the specimens were placed in 1% potassium chloride electrolyte, and leakage was recorded electrically for 70 days. The teeth were then submerged in methylene blue dye for 72 hours, sectioned longitudinally, and scored for leakage by six examiners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both tests, the mineral trioxide aggregate restorations leaked significantly less than the IRM and Super EBA restorations. Super EBA showed significantly less leakage than did IRM restorations in the electrochemical test but not in the dye leakage experiment. The teeth sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate performed similarly to the varnished negative control teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that mineral trioxide aggregate provides a superior seal in root-end-restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago, School of Dentistry, PO Box 647, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Bayardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martell
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Chandler
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001047:Apicoectomy; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003481:Cuspid; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008751:Methylene Blue; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013193:Stainless Steel; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D013193:Stainless Steel; C031667:IRM cement; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C084074:Super EBA; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D008751:Methylene Blue