title: Adverse drug events in children during hospitalization and after discharge in a Norwegian university hospital.
abstract: The frequency and characteristics of adverse drug events (ADEs) in children hospitalized in the paediatric department of Ullevaal University Hospital, Norway, were determined using intensive monitoring. Of 579 children treated with drugs, 28% experienced ADEs; 7% at the time of admission, 18% during hospitalization and 9% after discharge. All children treated for cancer, 19% treated with anti-infective drugs, 15% treated with antiasthmatics and 10% treated with drugs affecting the nervous system experienced ADEs. The most frequent events were gastrointestinal, CNS- and skin reactions and 19% were considered as serious. ADEs caused 6% of the admissions and 44% required interventions. Most ADEs were found by screening patient records, where physicians mostly described adverse drug events requiring interventions and nurses described less serious events. Parents reported 14% of the events, of which a majority were CNS reactions. CNS reactions may be more common than expected and observations by parents are important when investigating such reactions in children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADEs, mainly gastrointestinal, CNS and skin reactions related to drugs affecting the nervous system, anti-infectives and antiasthmatics, were seen in 28% of the patients. The reporting of events by parents was a useful supplement to the screening of patient records.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. ingebjorg.buajordet@legemiddelverket.no
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buajordet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wesenberg
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brørs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langslet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D004347:Drug Interactions; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution