title: In vitro effects of incinerator fly ash on pulmonary macrophages and epithelial cells.
abstract: Fly ash from a municipal waste incinerator was used as a model for atmospheric particles in order to identify parameters relevant for the induction of adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to compare the biological effects of the total incinerator fly ash (IFA), the soluble and the insoluble fraction with the effects of quartz by in vitro toxicity studies. The previously sized fly ash (< 20 microns) was characterized by elemental composition and particle size distribution. The particles were administered to rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at different amounts via the medium. The total IFA and its insoluble fraction were shown to induce cytotoxicity and cytokine release in a dose-dependent manner. The soluble fraction was nearly unable to induce cytotoxicity and TNF-alpha release but showed potent induction of IL-8 release in BEAS-2B cells at increasing concentrations. Quartz caused similar effects compared to IFA in NR8383 but was less effective in BEAS-2B.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. silvia.diabate@itg.fzk.de
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diabaté
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mülhopt
authors.forename: Hanns-R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Paur
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wottrich
authors.forename: Harald F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Krug
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017745:Incineration; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012037:Refuse Disposal
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D016207:Cytokines