title: Montelukast: a review of its therapeutic potential in asthma in children 2 to 14 years of age.
abstract: Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist which is used as a preventive treatment for persistent asthma in patients > or =2 years of age. In children aged 6 to 14 years montelukast (5 mg/day) treatment resulted in a significant increase in FEV(1) (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, primary clinical outcome) during an 8-week randomized, double-blind trial. Moreover, significant improvements were observed for a range of secondary endpoints assessing symptoms, exacerbation rates, beta-agonist usage and quality of life. Concomitant administration of montelukast (5 mg/day) and inhaled budesonide (200 microg twice daily) resulted in a trend towards an increase in FEV(1) (p = 0.06, primary endpoint) and a statistically significant reduction in both as-needed beta(2)-agonist usage and the percentage of days with asthma exacerbations compared with budesonide plus placebo. No significant differences were observed in asthma-related quality of life between the two groups. During clinical trials both improvements in lung function and reductions in as-needed beta(2)-agonist usage were generally observed within 1 day after initiation of therapy in children 2 to 14 years of age with persistent asthma. Data from a randomized, nonblind trial in 6- to 11-year-old children and a 6-month extension to this trial suggest that both compliance to therapy and patient satisfaction are greater for montelukast than for either inhaled sodium cromoglycate or inhaled beclomethasone. In addition, patients and parents preferred oral montelukast over sodium cromoglycate. In 2- to 5-year-old children with persistent asthma, montelukast (4 mg/day) treatment resulted in significant improvements in a range of outcomes, such as as-needed beta(2)-agonist usage, symptom scores and percentage of days with asthma symptoms, as assessed during a randomized, double-blind trial primarily designed to assess tolerability. Data from small randomized, double-blind trials suggest that montelukast reduces exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in 6- to 14-year-old children. Montelukast is generally well tolerated. The frequency of adverse events in montelukast-treated children of all ages was comparable to that in patients receiving placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral montelukast has shown efficacy as a preventive treatment for asthma during clinical trials in children aged 2 to 14 years. The drug offers benefits over more standard therapies such as inhaled sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil in terms of compliance and convenience. In addition, the drug offers significant benefits when added to inhaled corticosteroids (according to secondary endpoints). Montelukast offers an effective, well tolerated and convenient treatment option for children with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Adis International Limited, 41 Centorian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz
authors.forename: Richard B R
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Muijsers
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noble
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011804:Quinolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D013440:Sulfides; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011804:Quinolines; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D013440:Sulfides; C412375:cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2; C083169:leukotriene D4 receptor; C093875:montelukast