Antiviral activity of ovotransferrin discloses an evolutionary strategy for the defensive activities of lactoferrin.
Ovotransferrin (formerly conalbumin) is an iron-binding protein present in birds. It belongs to the transferrin family and shows about 50% sequence homology with mammalian serum transferrin and lactoferrin. This protein has been demonstrated to be capable of delivering iron to cells and of inhibiting bacterial multiplication. However, no antiviral activity has been reported for ovotransferrin, although the antiviral activity of human and bovine lactoferrins against several viruses, including human herpes simplex viruses, has been well established. In this report, the antiviral activity of ovotransferrin towards chicken embryo fibroblast infection by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an avian herpesvirus, was clearly demonstrated. Ovotransferrin was more effective than human and bovine lactoferrins in inhibiting MDV infection and no correlation between antiviral efficacy and iron saturation was found. The observations reported here are of interest from an evolutionary point of view since it is likely that the defensive properties of transferrins appeared early in evolution. In birds, the defensive properties of ovotransferrin remained joined to iron transport functions; in mammals, iron transport functions became peculiar to serum transferrin, and the defensive properties towards infections were optimised in lactoferrin.
Giansanti
Francesco
F
Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
Rossi
Paola
P
Massucci
Maria Teresa
MT
Botti
Dario
D
Antonini
Giovanni
G
Valenti
Piera
P
Seganti
Lucilla
L
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002417:Cattle; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003207:Conalbumin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D025922:Mardivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014709:Vero Cells
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003207:Conalbumin; D007501:Iron; D007781:Lactoferrin