title: Effect of the interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism (-174 G/C) on the incidence and outcome of sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A biallelic polymorphism within the human interleukin (IL)-6 gene promoter region (-174 G/C) has been shown to affect IL-6 transcription in vitro and IL-6 plasma levels in healthy adults. Because IL-6 is excessively released into the circulation during sepsis and closely correlates with the clinical course, we studied whether this promoter polymorphism has an effect on the incidence and/or outcome of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based association study in critically ill patients and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a German university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical patients (n = 326) of German Caucasian origin with an ICU stay of at least 3 days admitted between 1997 and 1999 were prospectively enrolled. In a subset of 50 patients, sepsis was diagnosed according to consensus criteria (American College of Chest Physicians 1992). Healthy sex-matched adults of the same ethnic and geographic background served as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The (-174 G/C) polymorphism was genotyped by an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. IL-6 plasma levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotype distribution and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between patients with or without sepsis and healthy controls. In patients who finally succumbed to sepsis, significantly less GG homozygotes were observed compared with survivors (p = .008). Median systemic IL-6 levels in septic patients closely correlated with outcome (p < .0001) but were not associated with the IL-6 promoter genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IL-6 promoter polymorphism (-174 G/C) does not affect the incidence of sepsis. However, the GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with an improved survival in sepsis. Because this association is independent from the systemic IL-6 response, we suggest that other genetically linked polymorphisms may be the primary cause.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Germany. schlber@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raufhake
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erren
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schotte
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kipp
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rust
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Aken
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Assmann
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berendes
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6