title: Selective responses of three Ginkgo biloba leaf-derived constituents on human intestinal bacteria.
abstract: The selective responses of Ginkgo biloba leaf-derived materials against six intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared with that of bilobalide, ginkgolides A and B, kaempferol, and quercetin. The components of G. biloba leaves were characterized as kaempferol 3-O-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside), kaempferol 3-O-(2' '-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, and quercetin 3-O-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside) by spectroscopic analysis. The growth responses varied with each bacterial strain tested. At 2 mg/disk, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside) and quercetin 3-O-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside) revealed potent inhibition against Clostridium perfringens, and kaempferol 3-O-(2' '-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside showed a clear inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli. At 0.5 mg/disk, quercetin 3-O-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside) showed a strong activity against C. perfringens, but weak activity was exhibited by kaempferol 3-O-alpha-(6' "-p-coumaroylglucosyl-beta-1,4-rhamnoside) against C. perfringens and kaempferol 3-O-(2' '-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside against E. coli. No inhibition was observed from treatments conducted with bilobalide, ginkgolides A and B, kaempferol, or quercetin. Furthermore, these isolated compounds did not inhibit Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, or Lactobacillus acidophilus.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Industrial Development of Biofood Materials and Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Korea. hoiseon@moak.chonbuk.ac.kr
authors.forename: Hoi-Seon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000187:drug effects; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004224:Diterpenes; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D044949:Kaempferols; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004224:Diterpenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D005663:Furans; D046934:Ginkgolides; D044949:Kaempferols; D007783:Lactones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C006552:kaempferol; D011794:Quercetin; C045856:ginkgolide B; C073710:bilobalide