title: Anti-cardiolipin, anti-cardiolipin plus bovine, or human beta(2)glycoprotein-I and anti-human beta(2)glycoprotein-I antibodies in a healthy infant population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies studies are usually conducted on populations of adults. Studies involving normal children are scant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibody reactivity against CL alone (true aCL), CL-complexed to bovine beta(2)GP-I (aCL-bovine beta(2)GP-I), or human (aCL-human beta(2)GP-I) beta(2)GP-I, or to phospholipid-free human beta(2)GP-I (anti-human beta(2)GP-I) was determined by ELISA in serum samples from 360 Mexican children ranging from 1 month through 8 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis of variance and rankings of Kruskal-Wallis demonstrated no significant difference in all tested antibody activities between ages and genders of the study population. Values are presented as a percentile distribution included between 5 and 99, corresponding to the percentages of the studied population. Normal arbitrary units (AU) for IgG, IgA, and IgM true aCL that correspond to the 95 and 99 percentiles are as follows: 2.15 and 3.5; 2.35 and 5.0, and 3.15 and 4.5, respectively. IgG, IgA, and IgM aCL-bovine beta(2)GP-I activities are 2.6 and 5.0, 3.0 and 5.0, and 2.7 and 6.0 AU, respectively, while IgG activities of aCL-bovine and human beta(2)GP-I are 1.45 and 1.80, respectively. Normal values for IgG anti-human beta(2)GP-I are 1.85 AU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While elevated serum levels of antibodies to CL and/or beta(2)GP-I have been associated with thrombotic and hematologic manifestations, the majority of reports deal with adult populations. We report the cut-off values (in AU, international PL units, and international units for beta(2)GP-I) of the specific serologic response of true aCL, aCL-bovine beta(2)GP-I, aCL-human beta(2)GP-I, and anti-human beta(2)GP-I in healthy Mexican children.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, 14000 México City, D.F., México. jcabiedesc@mailer.main.conacyt.mx
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabiedes
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trejo-Hernández
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loredo-Abdalá
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castilla-Serna
authors.forename: A Tamara
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: López-Mendoza
authors.forename: Hugo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Cordero-Esperón
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Segovia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D012016:Reference Values; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I