title: [Pre-treatment with ketamine reduces incidence and severity of pain on propofol injection].
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-treatment with ketamine on the reduction of pain during injection of propofol in adult patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Forty-three patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups according to the agents administered before hand; Group C, normal saline 2 ml and Group K, 1% ketamine 2 ml. The pain on injection was rated as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Sixty-eight percent of patients in the C group experienced pain, while 33% of patients experienced pain in the K group. Thirty-six percent of patients in the C group complained moderate to severe pain but only 9% of patients in the K group. The mechanisms of prevention by ketamine of the pain on propofol-injection could not be clarified from our study, but it may be related to central effects of ketamine. In conclusion, ketamine pre-treatment before propofol administration significantly reduces incidence and severity of pain associated with propofol injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi 409-3898.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Taishi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masamune
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol