title: A practical method for describing patterns of tongue-base narrowing (modification of Fujita) in awake adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a clinically practical classification system for tongue-base narrowing and to assess intrarater and interrater reliability of the proposed system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population of 248 consecutive patients with polysomnographically proven upper airway obstructive pathology were evaluated (using the hypotonic method) for evidence of upper airway narrowing with the commonly available techniques of fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, clinical examination and lateral cephalometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four basic patterns of tongue-base narrowing have been discerned to occur in awake adult patients with diagnosed obstructive upper airway pathology. These include type A (high tongue base), type B1 (high tongue base with retroepiglottic narrowing), type B2 (diffuse tongue-base narrowing), and type 3 (isolated retrogepiglottic narrowing). These recognized patterns have been found to have high intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability. No statistical correlation was found between tongue-base pattern and severity of obstructive sleep apnea, age, or facial skeletal pattern. Males had a higher percentage of type C pattern, and the type A pattern patients tended to have a higher body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential future uses of this classification system include the ability to more practically assess and describe anatomic locations of tongue-base narrowing and to permit an improved means of comparing the results of various surgical and nonsurgical therapies.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charlotte, NC, USA. kemoore@pol.net
authors.forename: Kent E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Ceib
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000403:Airway Resistance; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002508:Cephalometry; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002965:Classification; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology*