title: Small-molecule antagonists of Myc/Max dimerization inhibit Myc-induced transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts.
abstract: Myc is a transcriptional regulator of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper protein family. It has strong oncogenic potential, mutated or virally transduced forms of Myc induce lymphoid tumors in animals, and deregulated expression of Myc is associated with numerous types of human cancers. For its oncogenic activity, Myc must dimerize with the ubiquitously expressed basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper protein Max. This requirement for dimerization may allow control of Myc activity with small molecules that interfere with Myc/Max dimerization. We have measured Myc/Max dimerization with fluorescence resonance energy transfer and have screened combinatorial chemical libraries for inhibitors of dimerization. Candidate inhibitors were isolated from a peptidomimetics library. Inhibition of Myc/Max interaction was validated by ELISA and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. Two of the candidate inhibitors also interfere with Myc-induced oncogenic transformation in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. Our work provides proof of principle for the identification of small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions by using high-throughput screens of combinatorial chemical libraries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Desharnais
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sonderegger
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Maslyar
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Dale L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Boger
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004735:Energy Transfer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005453:Fluorescence; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C067850:Myc associated factor X; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA