title: Effect of endotoxin pretreatment on hepatic stellate cell response to ethanol and acetaldehyde.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of endotoxin in alcohol-induced liver damage is well recognized. How pre-exposure to endotoxin might affect alcohol injury is not known. We herein studied the effect of endotoxin pretreatment on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) response to ethanol and acetaldehyde.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat HSC (CFSC-2G) were exposed to media supplemented with 1 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This was followed by a 24 h exposure to media containing LPS plus 50 mmol/L ethanol or 175 micromol/L acetaldehyde. Lipid peroxidation, collagen, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 secretion were determined at the end of both periods of exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment did not modify lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol or acetaldehyde alone. Glutathione (GSH) content decreased to 4.2 +/- 0.5 and 16.3 +/- 0.8 nmol protein after exposure to ethanol or acetaldehyde alone, and decreased further with LPS pretreatment (2.4 +/- 0.2 and 2.7 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein, respectively). Oxidized GSH (GSSG) content increased in ethanol and acetaldehyde LPS-pretreated cells only. Collagen secretion increased to 988 +/- 82 and 1169 +/- 91 microg/10(6) cells after exposure to acetaldehyde or LPS alone. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment enhanced collagen secretion significantly in both ethanol- and acetaldehyde-treated cells (969 +/- 56 and 1360 +/- 72 microg/10(6) cells, respectively). Interleukin-6 production increased to 288 +/- 48, 1195 +/- 86 and 247 +/- 35 pg/mL per 10(6) cells after ethanol, acetaldehyde and LPS exposure, and increased further with LPS pretreatment in ethanol-exposed cells (680 +/- 23 pg/mL 10(6) cells).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment of HSC adds to the damage produced by ethanol and acetaldehyde by diminishing GSH content and increasing GSSG content, collagen and IL-6 secretion.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Mexico.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Quiroz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bucio
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gómez-Quiroz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kershenobich
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vargas-Vorackova
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000431:Ethanol; D000079:Acetaldehyde