title: Psychosocial factors associated with levels of metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: This study sought to determine the relationship between Youth Self Report (YSR) scores for behavior problems, YSR scores for social competence, and metabolic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Using a cross sectional design, 234 individuals between 11 and 18 years old were given the YSR at regular clinic appointments; glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) was also measured. More than 50% of subjects showed GHb levels above 9%; the normal GHb level is 4.2% to 5.8%. Individuals reporting a greater number of behavior problems, though not in the pathological range on the aggression, delinquent behaviors, and attention problems subscales of the YSR, were more than twice as likely to have GHb levels above 9%. Using logistic regression the externalizing scale (aggression and delinquent behaviors combined) predicted elevated GHb at 2.41, p =.003. Youth in this study were middle-class and were receiving subspecialty care. Yet, over half of them had GHb levels above the recommended 9%. The psychological health of youth should be monitored at regular intervals. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether aggression, delinquent behaviors, and attention problems in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes result later in depression and elevated levels of GHb in these same individuals or whether these elevations are transient. Interviews could be supplemented with instruments such as the YSR and care given for those with a higher number of self-reported problems.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Yuh-Pyng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savik
authors.forename: Peg M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Plumbo
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose