title: Evaluation of kangaroo aortic valved conduits in a juvenile sheep model: preliminary findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biological heart valve substitutes, manufactured from either porcine or bovine tissue, have been in use for more than 30 years. Despite low thrombogenicity and excellent performance, bioprosthetic heart valves tend to degenerate and calcify early in young patients because of patient and valve related factors. The aim of this study was to examine the calcification behavior of glutaraldehyde-preserved kangaroo heart valves in a juvenile sheep model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine (n = 10) and kangaroo (n = 10) valved conduits were implanted in the descending aortic position of juvenile sheep and retrieved after 6, 8, and 12 months. Retrieved valved conduits were examined for morphological changes and calcification of the valve tissue, using Von Kossa's stain technique and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural valve deterioration, characterized by increased stiffness and severe calcification, occurred in 100% of the porcine conduits within 4 months. Kangaroo valve leaflets were significantly (p < 0.001) less calcified at 6 months (3.39+/-1.80 microg/mg), 8 months (5.86+/-4.57 microg/mg), and at 12 months (14.38+/-6.72 microg/mg), compared to porcine valves at 3 months (176.45+/-42.88 microg/mg ) and at 4 months (154.67+/-52.67 microg/mg ). Porcine aortic wall tissue was more calcified (118.24+/-42.86 microg/mg) than kangaroo aortic wall tissue (79.55+/-26.40 microg/mg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kangaroo heart valves calcify less than porcine heart valves. These findings suggest that a different donor valve tissue has a lower calcification potential probably due to a difference in the morphological ultrastructure. This could result in improved long-term durability of kangaroo heart valves.
authors.affiliation: Fremantle Heart Institute, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Western Australia. Leon.Neethling@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Neethling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Riet
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van den Heever
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hough
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hodge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D007614:Macropodidae; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium