title: [Determination of the distribution volume of contrast media solutions injected intrahepatically: pre-pilot studies for intratumoral gene therapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determination of the intrahepatic distribution volume of two contrast media (CM) by CT-guided application in an ex-vivo and an in-vivo model (pig liver).
  
  
  METHODS
  In pig livers ex-vivo and in-vivo, 131 CT-guided injections of two different CM (Imagopaque(R), Visipaque(R)) were performed using catheters and cannula with and without side-holes and documented by spiral CT. The distribution pattern was assessed visually: interstitial, subcapsular, vascular/tubular, the distribution volume was quantified using a density mask (thresholds 70/400 HE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Purely interstitial applications were achieved more frequently in-vivo than ex-vivo (p = 0.001). There were no relevant differences between the two CM. Catheters without side-holes led to more interstitial CM depots than catheters with side-holes (p = 0.005). The mean distribution volume was larger with catheters with side-holes (ex-vivo 103 cm(3), in-vivo 19 cm(3)) than with catheters without side-holes (ex-vivo 67 cm(3), in-vivo 13 cm(3)) (p = 0,01). At the same time, the mean density with catheters with side-holes (102 HE) was lower than with catheters without side-holes (115 HE) (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Marked differences of the CM distribution volumes were observed between ex-vivo and in-vivo studies in the pig model. Catheters with side-holes are far superior to catheters without.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologie der Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Germany. kauczor@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Heussel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markstaller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faldum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D013552:Swine; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C053571:iopentol; C044834:iodixanol