title: Wait-and-see policy for the N0 neck in early-stage oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma using ultrasonography-guided cytology: is there a role for identification of the sentinel node?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of the N0 neck in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains controversial. We describe the outcome of patients who underwent transoral tumor excision and a wait-and-see policy for the neck staged N0 by ultrasonography-guided cytology (USgFNAC). Because selection of lymph nodes for USgFNAC is currently based on size criteria, we investigated the additional value of sentinel node (SN) identification.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome of 161 patients with T1-T2 oral/oropharyngeal SCC was determined. In a subgroup of 39 patients the SN was identified and aspirated in addition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SN identification and aspiration was possible in 38 of 39 patients but without decreasing the false-negative rate of USgFNAC. During follow-up (12-99 months) 34 of 161 (21%) patients developed lymph node metastases. After therapeutic neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy, 27 of 34 (79%) could be salvaged (88% regional control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wait-and-see seems justified in case of negative USgFNAC. Strict follow-up with USgFNAC is required. SN identification and aspiration is feasible but did not improve lymph node selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, P. O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eline J C
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuis
authors.forename: Jonas A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castelijns
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pijpers
authors.forename: Michiel W M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van den Brekel
authors.forename: Ruud H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brakenhoff
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Waal
authors.forename: Gordon B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leemans
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C083602:technetium Tc 99m nanocolloid