title: How melanoma cells evade trail-induced apoptosis.
abstract: At the doses used clinically, chemotherapy is believed to kill melanoma by a final common 'mitochondrial' pathway that leads to apoptosis. Similarly, several natural defence mechanisms kill melanoma by the same pathways. A corollary to the latter is that survival of melanoma in the host is due to the development of anti-apoptotic mechanisms in melanoma cells. What are these mechanisms? And how might we bypass them to improve the treatment of melanoma?
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Oncology Unit, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Peter.Hersey@newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hersey
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019014:fas Receptor; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases