title: Preoperative oral granisetron for the prevention of vomiting following paediatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the efficacy of granisetron, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, given orally, preoperatively, for the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing general anaesthesia for surgery (inguinal hernia, phimosis-circumcision).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, double-blinded manner, 100 children, ASA physical status I, aged 4-11 years, received orally placebo or granisetron at three different doses (20 microg x kg(-1), 40 microg x kg(-1), 80 microg x kg(-1)) 60 min before surgery (n=25 of each). The same standard general anaesthetic technique was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of patients being emesis-free during 0-6 h after anaesthesia was 56% with placebo, 64% with graniseron 20 microg x kg(-1) (P=0.773), 88% with granisetron 40 microg x kg(-1) (P=0.027) and 92% with granisetron 80 microg x kg(-1) (P=0.01); the corresponding rate during 6-24 h after anaesthesia was 60%, 68% (P=0.768), 92% (P=0.02) and 92% (P=0.02) (P-values versus placebo). No clinically serious adverse events were observed in any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, preoperative oral granisetron 40 microg x kg(-1) is effective for the prevention of vomiting following paediatric surgery (inguinal hernia, phimosis-circumcision). Increasing the doses to 80 microg x kg(-1) provides no demonstrable additional benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Toride Kyodo General Hospital, Toride City, Ibaraki, Japan. yfujii@igaku.md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Hiritoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010688:Phimosis / Q000601:surgery; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017829:Granisetron