title: Colour-coded and pulsed Doppler sonography of the canine testis, epididymis and prostate gland: physiological and pathological findings.
abstract: Two-dimensional ultrasound was used in combination with colour-coded and pulsed Doppler sonography to study the blood flow of the testes and prostate gland in a total of 30 male dogs. After detection of the vessels by colour-coded Doppler sonography, the blood flow patterns were determined by pulsed Doppler sonography measuring and describing the systolic and diastolic peak velocity (SPV, DPV), the end-diastolic velocity, the time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMAX), the pulsatility and resistance index, as well as the ratios of the systolic peak velocity and end-diastolic velocity and of the systolic and diastolic peak velocities. The blood flow of the testicular artery was measured within the pampiniform plexus and the marginal location. The prostatic blood supply was measured in the artery of the deferential duct (cranial), the prostatic artery outside (lateral) and within the gland (subcapsular). The physiological testicular flow pattern was monophasic with a high diastolic flow. Testes with neoplastic alterations showed a significant increase of SPV and TAMAX. The epididymal vessels could not be detected. Under physiological conditions the prostatic blood flow pattern was biphasic in the cranial and lateral location and monophasic in the subcapsular location. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was characterized by a significant increase of SPV, DPV and TAMAX. The results of the present investigation demonstrate that the colour-coded and pulsed Doppler sonography give additional valuable information which improves the andrological diagnostics in the dog.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Reproductive Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany. aga@repro.tiho-hannover.de
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Günzel-Apel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Möhrke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poulsen Nautrup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000662:veterinary