title: Effect of simulated CO2 and GaAlAs laser surface decontamination on temperature changes in Ti-plasma sprayed dental implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and compare temperature elevations at the implant-bone interface during simulated implant surface decontamination with a CO2 and a GaAlAs laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stepped cylinder implants (Frialit 2) Friadent GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with a Titanium plasma sprayed surface were inserted into bone blocks cut from pig femurs. An artificial periimplant bone defect provided access for laser irradiation in the coronal third. Both lasers were operated at 1.0-2.5 W in the cw-mode. The bone block was placed into a 37 degrees C water bath in order to simulate in vivo thermal conductivity and diffusitivity of heat. K-type thermocouples connected to a digital meter were used to register temperature changes at the periimplant bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mean, the critical threshold of 47 degrees C was exceeded after 8 seconds at a power output of 2.5 W, 13 seconds at 2.0 W, 18 seconds at 1.5 W, and 42 seconds at 1.0 W with the GaAlAs laser and 15 seconds (2.5 W), 23 seconds (2.0 W), 35 seconds (1.5 W), and 56 seconds (1.0 W) with the CO2 laser. At equal energy fluence, GaAlAs laser irradiation induced significantly higher temperature elevations than CO2 laser irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an energy dependent manner implant surface decontamination with both laser types must be limited in time to allow the implant and bone to cool down. Clinical guidelines are presented to avoid tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany. matthiaskreisler@web.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreisler
authors.forename: Haitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Haj
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duschner
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: d'Hoedt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide