title: Transfemoral superior ophthalmic vein approach via the facial vein for the treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas--two case reports.
abstract: Two elderly female patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) were treated by transvenous embolization through a transfemoral superior ophthalmic vein approach via the facial vein. Complete occlusion of CCFs was not achieved with this technique exclusively, but the technique was effective in these cases. This technique provides an alternative to other transvenous approaches for the treatment of CCFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.forename: Tatsumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Aya M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tokumaru
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006423:Hemianopsia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000150:complications; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014680:Veins; D014792:Visual Acuity