title: Apolipoprotein E phenotype associations with plasma lipoproteins and bone mass in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotype on plasma lipids and bone mass in postmenopausal Japanese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 320 subjects aged 40-65 years (mean +/- SE, 54.0 +/- 0.6), apo E phenotype was determined by isometric electrophoresis. Phenotypic frequencies were 0.3% for E2/2 (n = 1), 8.1% for E3/2 (n = 26), 70.3% for E3/3 (n = 225), 0.6% for E4/2 (n = 2), 19.4% for E4/3 (n = 62) and 1.3% for E4/4 (n = 4). Apo E2/2 and apo E3/2 were classified as E2+ (n = 27); apo E3 homozygotes were placed in another group (E3/3; n = 225), as were apo E4/3 together with apo E4/4 subjects (group E4+; n = 66). Bone density and bone quality were assessed with a newly developed ultrasonic bone densitometer, and plasma lipids were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, body mass index and years since menopause did not differ significantly between the three groups. The E4+ group had the highest levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, significantly higher than in the E2+ group. Plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations were significantly higher in the E4+ group than in the other two groups. Ultrasonic parameters of bone density and quality tended to be lower in the E4+ group than in the E2+ group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The apo E4 allele was associated with high plasma cholesterol levels and an unfavorable change of bone structure in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakasita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015519:Bone Density; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004586:Electrophoresis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D017698:Postmenopause
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol