The function of E- and Id proteins in lymphocyte development.
Helix-loop-helix proteins are essential factors for lymphocyte development and function. In particular, E-proteins are crucial for commitment of lymphoid progenitors to the B- and T-cell lineages. E-proteins are negatively regulated by the Id class of helix-loop-helix proteins. The Id proteins function as dominant-negative inhibitors of E-proteins by inhibiting their ability to bind DNA. Here, we review the role of E-proteins and their Id protein antagonists in lymphocyte proliferation and developmental progression. In addition, we discuss how E-protein activity and Id gene expression are regulated by T-cell receptor (TCR) and pre-TCR-mediated signalling.
Engel
I
I
Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
Murre
C
C
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C497453:ID1 protein, human; C407909:TCF3 protein, human