title: Effect of diesel exhaust particle extracts on collagen-induced arthritis in mice.
abstract: We investigated the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) extracts on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. For this study, a single DEP sample was consecutively extracted with hexane (HEX-DEP), benzene (BEN-DEP), dichloromethane (DIC-DEP), methanol (MET-DEP), and 1 M ammonia (AMM-DEP) in that order. Residues unextracted with the last extraction solvent 1 M ammonia (UNE-DEP) were also used for experiments. To induce CIA, mice were immunized with type II collagen (CII) and 21 days later given a booster injection. DEP, each DEP extract, and UNE-DEP were intranasally administered every two days over a period of 20 days, commencing on the day of immunization. The results showed that treatment of mice with DEP, DIC-DEP, and UNE-DEP augmented both the incidence and the severity of CIA. DEP and DIC-DEP increased production of anti-CII IgG, IgG2a, and IgG1 antibodies as well as secretion of JFN-gamma and IL-4. Treatment with UNE-DEP resulted in an increase in antigen-specific IgG, IgG2a, and IFN-gamma but neither IgG1 nor IL-4. AMM-DEP failed to affect CIA as well as production of IgG2a and IFN-gamma, although significant increases in anti-CII IgGI and IL-4 were observed in the treatment group. HEX-DEP, BEN-DEP, and MET-DEP had no effects on CIA and production of antibodies and cytokines examined. Thus, DEP and DIC-DEP appear to contain compounds, which enhance both Th1 and Th2 responses, while UNE-DEP and AMM-DEP to contain chemicals, which augment Th1 and Th2 alone, respectively. Th1- but not Th2-modulating compounds from DEP, DIC-DEP, and UNE-DEP seem to influence CIA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan. yoshino@kobepharma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneda
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagai
authors.forename: Yoki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D012997:Solvents; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D024043:Collagen Type II; D012997:Solvents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma