title: Novel markers in the acute coronary syndrome: BNP, IL-6, PAPP-A.
abstract: Most patients (about 85%) seen in the ED to rule out an acute coronary event do not have acute coronary disease. In addition, the presenting ECG findings have been nondiagnostic in 50% of patients with acute MI. Our current knowledge of atherosclerosis as being a chronic low-grade inflammatory process triggered the search for reliable serum markers that have improved the diagnostic accuracy management and prognosis of this prevalent disease. Newer and potential inflammatory markers currently under investigation deserve watching in future reports. These among others include those markers produced by the arterial wall itself, that is, cell adhesion molecules (CAM), inter-cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM), and vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM). The expression of CAM is a marker of dysfunctional endothelial cells. It is likely that more cardiac markers will be reported in the future. Time will tell.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Fla, USA.
authors.forename: Laurie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Futterman
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemberg
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis*; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A