title: Anticancer activity of docetaxel in murine salivary gland carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological mechanisms of docetaxel (TXT) on salivary gland carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of TXT on a spontaneous murine salivary carcinoma were determined. Proliferation, cell cycle regulation, connexin43 expression, gap-junctional intercellular communication, apoptosis, and Fas receptor (FasR) expression were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We characterized a spontaneous mouse salivary gland carcinoma (SGC1). SGC1 is a poorly differentiated carcinoma that originated from the parotid gland of a BALB/c mouse. SGC1 cells were cultured and found to be immortal past 30 passages. Initially, cells formed tumor nodules in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Afterward, SGC1 cells that were subcultured from SCID tumors readily formed colonies in soft agar and were highly tumorigenic in SCID mice and immune-competent BALB/c hosts. Dose response for TXT with respect to growth suppression, G(2)-M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis was found. Induction of apoptosis by TXT coincided with an increase in cell surface FasR expression. Up-regulation of FasR with lower doses of TXT rendered cells susceptible to FasR agonist antibody-mediated apoptosis. In the absence of TXT, anti-FasR antibodies were completely without effect, suggesting that TXT is critical for priming apoptosis mediated through the Fas pathway. In addition, gap-junctional intercellular communication was augmented by TXT in SGC1 cells concomitant with increased connexin43 expression and membrane localization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified several novel targets of TXT that contribute to its antitumor activity in poorly differentiated salivary gland carcinoma. These results suggest that TXT may be appropriate for additional in vivo studies and clinical trials in patients with salivary cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. piechock@karmamos.org
authors.forename: Marie P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Piechocki
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lonardo
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ensley
authors.forename: Tam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D043823:Taxoids; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D018031:Connexin 43; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D009418:S100 Proteins; C110294:S100A1 protein; D043823:Taxoids; D019014:fas Receptor; D000077143:Docetaxel; D007633:Keratins; D017239:Paclitaxel