title: Prostaglandin biosynthesis by midgut tissue isolated from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.
abstract: We describe prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by isolated midgut preparations from tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta. Microsomal-enriched midgut preparations yielded four PGs, PGA/B(2), PGD(2), PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha), all of which were confirmed by analysis on gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC--MS). PGA and PGB are double bond isomers which do not resolve on TLC but do resolve by GC; for convenience, we use the single term PGA(2) for this product. PGA(2) was the major product under most conditions. The midgut preparations were sensitive to reaction conditions, including radioactive substrate, protein concentration (optimal at 1mg/reaction), reaction time (optimal at 0.5 min), temperature (optimal at 22 degrees C), buffer pH (highest at pH 6), and the presence of a co-factor cocktail composed of reduced glutathione, hydroquinine and hemoglobin. In vitro PG biosynthesis was inhibited by two cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and naproxen. Subcellular localization of PG biosynthetic activity in midgut preparations, determined by ultracentrifugation, revealed the presence of PG biosynthetic activity in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions, although most activity was found in the cytosolic fractions. This is similar to other invertebrates, and different from mammalian preparations, in which the activity is exclusively associated with the microsomal fractions. Midgut preparations from M. sexta pupae, adult cockroach, Periplaneta americana, and corn ear worms, Helicoverpa zea, also produced the same four major PG products. We infer that insect midguts are competent to biosynthesize PGs, and speculate they exert important, albeit unrevealed, actions in midgut physiology.
authors.affiliation: Insect Biochemical Physiology Laboratory, 311 Plant Industry Building, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Büyükgüzel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tunaz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018402:Manduca / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009036:Moths / Q000378:metabolism; D009288:Naproxen / Q000494:pharmacology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011454:Prostaglandins A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011456:Prostaglandins B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D019476:Insect Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011454:Prostaglandins A; D011456:Prostaglandins B; D009288:Naproxen; D015237:Dinoprost; C042026:prostaglandin B2; C100008:prostaglandin A2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2; D007213:Indomethacin