title: Auditory manifestations of Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness (KID) syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the auditory manifestations of Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness (KID) syndrome, a rare genodermatosis characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis, vascularizing keratitis, and congenital hearing loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five individuals with sporadic KID syndrome were evaluated in the outpatient audiology clinic at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audiologic examinations included pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and middle ear immittance testing. Auditory brainstem responses and otoacoustic emissions were analyzed in 2 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four subjects had prelingual, bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss, whereas the fifth subject had significant residual hearing that exhibited no progression on serial audiograms. All 5 subjects had a history of non-erosive keratosis obturans and cutaneous cysts in the external ear canals that prevented continuous use of ear molds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sensorineural hearing loss in KID syndrome is generally prelingual and profound. This combination of auditory and cutaneous phenotypes is similar to those previously reported for KID syndrome. KID syndrome presents a difficult challenge for communication rehabilitation because keratitis may impair the perception of sign and spoken language, and the cutaneous manifestations routinely curtail use of external amplification devices.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. szymkoy@nidcd.nih.gov
authors.forename: Yvonne M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Szymko-Bennett
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Sherri J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001299:Audiometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007057:Ichthyosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D007223:Infant; D007634:Keratitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000295:instrumentation; D011379:Prognosis; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013577:Syndrome