title: Antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against 239 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: report from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2000.
abstract: Posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole are new triazole derivatives that possess potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. We evaluated the in vitro activity of these investigational triazoles compared with that of itraconazole and amphotericin B against 239 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi from the SENTRY Program, including Aspergillus spp. (198 isolates), Fusarium spp. (7 isolates), Penicillium spp. (19 isolates), Rhizopus spp. (4 isolates), Mucor spp. (2 isolates), and miscellaneous species (9 isolates). The isolates were obtained from 16 different medical centers in the United States and Canada between January and December 2000. In vitro susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth method outlined in the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M38-P document. Overall, posaconazole was the most active compound, inhibiting 94% of isolates at a MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml, followed by voriconazole (91%), amphotericin B (89%), ravuconazole (88%), and itraconazole (70%). All three new triazoles demonstrated excellent activity (MIC, < or = 1 microg/ml) against Aspergillus spp. (114 Aspergillus fumigatus, 22 Aspergillus niger, 13 Aspergillus flavus, 9 Aspergillus versicolor, 8 Aspergillus terreus, and 32 Aspergillus spp.): posaconazole (98%), voriconazole (98%), ravuconazole (92%), amphotericin B (89%), and itraconazole (72%). None of the triazoles were active against Fusarium spp. (MIC at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited [MIC(50)], >8 microg/ml) or Mucor spp. (MIC(50), >8 microg/ml). Posaconazole and ravuconazole were more active than voriconazole against Rhizopus spp. (MIC(50), 1 to 2 microg/ml versus >8 microg/ml, respectively). Based on these results, all three new triazoles exhibited promising activity against Aspergillus spp. and other less commonly encountered isolates of filamentous fungi. The clinical value of these in vitro data remains to be seen, and in vitro-in vivo correlation is needed for both new and established antifungal agents. Surveillance efforts should be expanded in order to monitor the spectrum of filamentous fungal pathogens and their in vitro susceptibility as these new antifungal agents are introduced into clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA. michael-pfaller@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000382:microbiology; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D002170:Canada; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011786:Quality Control; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014481:United States; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013844:Thiazoles; D014230:Triazoles; C101425:posaconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; C104066:ER 30346; D065819:Voriconazole