title: Dietary iodine intake and urinary iodine excretion in a Danish population: effect of geography, supplements and food choice.
abstract: I deficiency diseases remain a health problem even in some developed countries. Therefore, measurement of I intake and knowledge about food choice related to I intake is important. We examined I intake in 4649 randomly selected participants from two cities in Denmark (Copenhagen and Aalborg) with an expected difference in I intake. I intake was assessed both by a food frequency questionnaire and by measuring I in casual urine samples. I excretion was expressed as a concentration and as estimated 24-h l excretion. Further, subgroups with low I intake were recognized. I intake was lower in Aalborg than in Copenhagen for all expressions, and lower than recommended in both cities if I intake from supplements was not included. Milk was the most important I source, accounting for about 44% of the I intake, and milk (P<0.001) and fish (P=0.009) intake was related to I excretion in a multiple linear regression model. Thus, risk groups for low I intake were individuals with a low milk intake, those with a low intake of fish and milk, those not taking I supplements and those living in Aalborg where the I content in drinking water is lower. Even individuals who followed the advice regarding intake of 200-300 g fish/week and 0.5 litres milk/d had an intake below the recommended level if living in Aalborg.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Research and Nutrition, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg, Denmark. lbr@fdir.dk
authors.forename: Lone B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ovesen
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bülow
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurberg
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pertild
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D003718:Denmark; D015930:Diet Records; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine