title: Magnetic field design for selecting and aligning immunomagnetic labeled cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently we introduced the CellTracks cell analysis system, in which samples are prepared based on a combination of immunomagnetic selection, separation, and alignment of cells along ferromagnetic lines. Here we describe the underlying magnetic principles and considerations made in the magnetic field design to achieve the best possible cell selection and alignment of magnetically labeled cells. Materials and Methods Computer simulations, in combination with experimental data, were used to optimize the design of the magnets and Ni lines to obtain the optimal magnetic configuration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A homogeneous cell distribution on the upper surface of the sample chamber was obtained with a magnet where the pole faces were tilted towards each other. The spatial distribution of magnetically aligned objects in between the Ni lines was dependent on the ratio of the diameter of the aligned object and the line spacing, which was tested with magnetically and fluorescently labeled 6 microm polystyrene beads. The best result was obtained when the line spacing was equal to or smaller than the diameter of the aligned object.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnetic gradient of the designed permanent magnet extracts magnetically labeled cells from any cell suspension to a desired plane, providing a homogeneous cell distribution. In addition, it magnetizes ferro-magnetic Ni lines in this plane whose additional local gradient adds to the gradient of the permanent magnet. The resultant gradient aligns the magnetically labeled cells first brought to this plane. This combination makes it possible, in a single step, to extract and align cells on a surface from any cell suspension.
authors.affiliation: Biophysical Techniques Group, Faculty of Applied Physics, Twente University, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. A.G.J.Tibbe@tn.utwente.nl
authors.forename: Arjan G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tibbe
authors.forename: Bart G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: de Grooth
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: Gerald J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Leon W M M
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Terstappen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation; D012985:Software Design
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes