Luteal phase immunosuppression and meat eating.
Immunosuppression during pregnancy makes the mother vulnerable to pathogens. Because meat is the principal source of ingestible pathogens, pregnancy raises the costs of meat eating. Natural selection has crafted a mechanism involving changes in nausea susceptibility and olfactory perception that reduces meat consumption during pregnancy. Evidence is presented showing that the luteal phase is marked by both immunosuppression and changes in nausea susceptibility and olfaction; meat consumption may be reduced during this period, suggesting a mechanism similar to pregnancy sickness. Constraints on compensatory increases in meat consumption outside of the luteal phase explain why women eat less meat than men. Meat is the principal target of acquired aversions. Women possess more aversions than men, suggesting that prophylactic mechanisms sometimes result in longstanding dietary changes. Reproductive immunosuppression explains many aspects of dietary behavior and sheds light on factors that may have contributed to gender-based divisions of labor during hominid evolution.
Fessler
D M
DM
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1553, USA. dfessler@anthro.ucla.edu
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D015186:Hominidae; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012903:Smell