title: Effect of caffeic acid on the color of red wine.
abstract: The copigmentation effect of prefermentation additions of different doses of caffeic acid was investigated during the 1997 harvest. Microfermentation with the major red grape cultivars Listán negro and Negramoll, grown in the Canary Islands, was carried out with the same protocol. Visible and UV spectra were registered periodically. HPLC chromatograms were carried out. The color enhancement of cv. Negramoll wine varied between 13 and 75% (AU at 520 nm), and that of cv. Listán negro wine between 25 and 45% at the end of fermentation. During aging these values were enhanced to reach even >100% in some cases. An initial complex of the 1:1 type, where one molecule of caffeic acid associates with one molecule of anthocyanin, has been identified using the mathematical procedure of Brouillard et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2604-2610). Caffeic acid seems to contribute to color stability and protection against oxidation. The importance of nonpigment composition in pigment extraction and color retention during and after fermentation is demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Superior de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Carretera de Geneto no. 2, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. jdarias@ull.es
authors.forename: Jacinto
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Darias-Martín
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martín-Luis
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrillo-López
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz-Romero
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boulton
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003116:Color; D005285:Fermentation; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D010860:Pigments, Biological; C040048:caffeic acid