title: Brain natriuretic peptide increases urinary albumin and alpha-1 microglobulin excretion in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases urinary albumin excretion in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is structurally and functionally related to ANP, but its effect on urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the albuminuric effects of intravenous infusion of ANP and BNP, and to assess the effect of both peptides on tubular protein excretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight subjects with Type 1 DM were randomised to a three leg, double blind, and placebo controlled study. On each study day, subjects were euglycaemic clamped and subsequently water loaded (20 mL/kg orally, plus urine losses) to steady state diuresis. When in steady state, creatinine clearance was estimated in three separate 1 hour periods. At the end of the first period, a 1 hour intravenous infusion of either placebo, ANP 0.025 microg/kg/min, or BNP 0.025 microg/kg/min was administered. There followed a 1 hour recovery period. Urine was collected at 15 min intervals for estimation of urine albumin (ACR) and alpha1 microglobulin creatinine ratio (MCR). Results were analysed by anova.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Creatinine clearance was similar on the three study days, and was unaltered by any infusion. ACR was unaltered by placebo (1.3 +/- 0.5-1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/mmol, mean +/- SD, p = 0.81), but increased compared to placebo with infusion of both ANP (1.2 +/- 0.4-9.8 +/- 8.4 mg/mmol, P = 0.0004), and BNP (1.1 +/- 0.4-13.4 +/- 8.6 mg/mmol, P = 0.0001). The MCR was unaltered by placebo infusion (P = 0.89), but increased compared with placebo after infusion of ANP (5.4 +/- 0.9-12.3 +/- 4.2 mg/mmol, P < 0.0001), and BNP (5.4 +/- 0.8-12.1 +/- 2.5 mg/mmol, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous infusion of BNP and ANP both increase the urine excretion of albumin and the tubular protein alpha1 microglobulin, independent of creatinine clearance.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Centre, Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow and the Department of Diabetes, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tormey
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000139:chemically induced; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000652:urine*; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D010919:Placebos; C016001:alpha-1-microglobulin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D003404:Creatinine