title: Endotoxin-induced mitochondrial damage correlates with impaired respiratory activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine whether mitochondrial function in a systemic organ is acutely impaired in a resuscitated model of sepsis (endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide) and the relationship, if any, between this impairment and the extent of mitochondrial ultrastructural damage that occurs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perspective, controlled laboratory investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal laboratory in a university research institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A well-established feline model of acute endotoxemia was used wherein measures were taken to minimize tissue hypoxia. After lipopolysaccharide (3 mg/kg intravenously, n = 9) or isotonic saline vehicle (control, n = 5) administration, liver samples were obtained at 4 hrs posttreatment, and mitochondrial ultrastructure and respiratory function were assessed. Mitochondrial ultrastructural injury was graded on a scale of 0 (no injury) to 5 (severe injury), and mitochondrial respiration was evaluated by using standard techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant mitochondrial injury was apparent by 4 hrs, but only in the lipopolysaccharide-treated group (2.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.2, p <.001) and despite maintenance of tissue oxygen availability. In addition, lipopolysaccharide treatment reduced the rate of state 3 (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-dependent) respiration, especially at complex IV (40% inhibition), and increased the rate of state 4 (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-independent) respiration, reflecting partial uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the severity of ultrastructural injury and the magnitude of mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction after lipopolysaccharide treatment and despite resuscitation efforts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitochondrial function is significantly impaired during acute sepsis, and this impairment is strongly associated with the extent of mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities present in the tissues. These findings in conjunction with those previously shown suggest that mitochondrial functional impairment may contribute to the pathogenesis of altered oxygen metabolism in systemic organs during sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, USA. Crouser-1@medctr.osu.edu
authors.forename: Elliott D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crouser
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.forename: Dorottya V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Blaho
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D016014:Linear Models; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010100:Oxygen