title: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: The interactions between the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and Ras/MAPK kinase pathways have been the subject of considerable interest. In the current studies, we find that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) lead to rapid phosphorylation of Shc (maximum at 1-2 min), whereas insulin-mediated Shc phosphorylation is relatively delayed (maximum at 5-10 min), suggesting that an intermediary step may be necessary for insulin stimulation of Shc phosphorylation. The Src homology-2 (SH2) domain of Shc is necessary for PDGF- and EGF-mediated Shc phosphorylation, whereas the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain is critical for the actions of insulin. Because the Shc PTB domain can interact with phospholipids, we postulated that PI 3-kinase might be a necessary intermediary step facilitating insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Shc. In support of this, we found that the PI 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, blocked insulin-stimulated but not EGF- or PDGF-stimulated Shc phosphorylation. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant negative PI 3-kinase construct (p85N-SH2) blocked insulin, but not EGF- or PDGF-induced Shc phosphorylation. All three growth factors cause localization of Shc to the plasma membrane, but only the effect of insulin was inhibited by wortmannin, supporting the view that PI 3-kinase-generated phospholipids mediate insulin-stimulated Shc phosphorylation. Consistent with this, expression of a constitutively active PI 3-kinase (p110(C)(AAX)) increased membrane localization of Shc, and this was completely blocked by wortmannin. A mutant Shc with a disrupted PTB domain (Shc S154) did not localize to the membrane in p110(C)(AAX)-expressing cells or after insulin stimulation and was not phosphorylated by insulin. In summary, 1) PI 3-kinase is a necessary early step in insulin-stimulated Shc phosphorylation, whereas the effects of EGF and PDGF on Shc phosphorylation are independent of PI 3-kinase. 2) PI 3-kinase-stimulated generation of membrane phospholipids can localize Shc to the plasma membrane through the Shc PTB domain facilitating phosphorylation by the insulin receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0673, USA.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ugi
authors.forename: Prem M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Jerrold M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olefsky
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495949:Grb2 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011506:Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases