title: Measurement of zinc, copper, manganese, and iron concentrations in hair of pituitary dwarfism patients using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
abstract: Pituitary dwarfism (hGHD) is known to be associated with trace element deficiency, which causes improper functioning of the involved endocrine system. Previously, we reported on the head hair concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese, and iron from a total of 418 normal subjects (154 male and 264 female). In this report, we analyzed the head hair concentrations of the same four trace metals of 103 hGHD children (60 male and 43 female) under treatment with human growth hormone (hGH). These subjects ranged in age from 5 to 18 yr. The results were compared with 338 age-matched normal subjects (120 male and 218 female). Both male and female hGHD showed approx 1.7 times higher zinc concentrations than normal subjects. Cheruvanky et al. reported a similar trend but with a slightly lower difference between hGHD and normal subjects. The average copper content in the hair of both male and female subjects also showed higher values for the hGHD than for the normal subjects, a trend similar to the values reported by Teraoka et al. In the case of manganese, the concentrations in hair of the hGHD were approx 50% of the values in the normal subjects. Head hair concentrations of iron in the hGHD were commensurate with the normal subjects. Because the content of trace elements in hair varies with the age of subjects, as a control, we investigated the head hair concentration of zinc from 20 healthy girls ranging in age from 10 to 18 yr. The average zinc concentration decreased from 10 to 12 yr, but no clear relation to age was observed from 13 yr and older. These trends were similar to our previous report. The zinc concentration in hair and body weight gain over a year was negatively correlated. The age variation in the content of zinc, copper, manganese, and iron in hair was measured comparing hGHD with the normal subjects in various ages. Concerning the zinc-level variation of hGHD and normal subjects, there were conspicuous differences between hGHD and normal subjects. For copper, the variations in concentration with age were similar to zinc. Regarding the age variations for manganese, hGHD had lower concentrations in hair compared to the normal subjects throughout adolescence (11-18 yr). We have studied the effects between the hair and these trace element concentrations in hGHD before and after hGH administration. These results suggest that hGH affects the metabolism of these trace elements.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wariishi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc