title: Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in body cavity effusions in dogs.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has potent angiogenic, mitogenic, and vascular permeability enhancing properties specific for endothelial cells. VEGF is present in high concentrations in inflammatory and neoplastic body cavity effusions and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neoplastic and inflammatory effusion formation. In this study, VEGF was quantitated by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) in samples of pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal effusions (N = 38) from dogs (N = 35) with neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. VEGF was detected in 37 of 38 effusions (median, 754; range, 18-3,669 pg/mL) and was present in much higher concentrations than in previously established normal concentrations for canine plasma (median, < 1 pg/mL; range, < 1-18 pg/mL) or in those previously noted in the plasma of dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA; median, 17 pg/mL; range, < 1-67 pg/mL). In 4 dogs with HSA, the concurrent plasma VEGF concentration was much lower than in the abdominal effusion (P = .029). No significant correlation was demonstrated between VEGF effusion concentration and effusion total protein content or nucleated cell count. Mean VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in pericardial (median, 3,533; range, 709-3,669 pg/mL) and pleural effusions (median, 3,144; range, 0-3,663 pg/mL) compared to peritoneal effusions (median, 288; range, 18-2,607 pg/mL; P < .05). There was no marked difference demonstrated between effusions associated with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of VEGF in body cavity effusion formation in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 19104-6010, USA. craigc@vet.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Dez
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beal
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Drobatz
authors.forename: Karin U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Sorenmo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D012016:Reference Values; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors