title: Influence of neutral-pH dialysis solutions on the peritoneal membrane: a long-term investigation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glucose degradation products (GDPs) and low pH are potential causes of bioincompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs). The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks' exposure of the peritoneum in rats to two different PDFs: a standard PDF with a low pH and high level of GDPs (CAPD 3: Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany), and a modified PDF with a low level of GDPs and a physiologic pH (CAPD 3 Balance: Fresenius Medical Care).
  
  
  METHODS
  After catheter implantation, rats were exposed twice daily for 6 weeks to CAPD 3 fluid or to CAPD 3 Balance. At the beginning and at the end of the study, a 4-hour dwell was performed in every rat to evaluate intraperitoneal inflammation and its effect on total collagen synthesis in the in vitro cultured rat mesothelial cells (ex vivo study). Additionally, after 6 weeks' exposure, the peritoneal cavity was opened, and macroscopic changes were evaluated according to a semiquantitative scale. Peritoneal samples were also taken for morphology study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In rats treated with CAPD 3 fluid, intraperitoneal inflammation was comparable at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. In animals exposed to CAPD 3 Balance, the intensity of the intraperitoneal inflammation decreased during the study (cell count, p = 0.0781; neutrophil:macrophage ratio, p < 0.01; nitrite concentration, p < 0.05; hyaluronan level, p < 0.05). The capacity of effluent dialysate from CAPD 3 rats to activate collagen synthesis in in vitro-cultured mesothelial cells was the same at the beginning and at the end of the study. In the CAPD 3 Balance group, this capacity was statistically significantly lower at the end of the study than at the beginning (p < 0.05). The mean thickness of the visceral peritoneum was comparable in both groups of animals, but, macroscopically, more severe fibrosis was found in the peritoneum of rats exposed to CAPD 3 as compared with animals treated with CAPD 3 Balance (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that, in the rat model of peritoneal dialysis, chronic exposure of the peritoneum to PDFs with low GDPs and a physiologic pH diminished the intraperitoneal inflammatory reaction induced by dialysis, and reduced peritoneal fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan Medical School, Poland. kwt@tobis.pl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wieczorowska-Tobis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polubinska
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Schaub
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wisniewska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Passlick-Deetjen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breborowicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D003094:Collagen; D005947:Glucose