title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma reduces the growth rate of pancreatic cancer cells through the reduction of cyclin D1.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) forms a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and regulates the transcription of its target genes. Activation of PPARgamma has been shown to induce G1 arrest and to inhibit cell growth of human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of ligand activation of PPARgamma and RXR on cell growth and on the expression of G1 cyclins in a pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, which expresses PPARgamma at high levels. Troglitazone, a specific ligand for PPARgamma, was found to cause a reduction in the growth rate and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and this effect was additive with that of 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA), a ligand for RXR. Of the G1 cyclins tested, troglitazone specifically reduced the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA and the corresponding protein and this effect was also additive with 9-cis RA. These results suggest that the activation of PPARgamma together with RXR may be useful for the suppression of pancreatic cancer cell growth through the reduction in cyclin D1 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Yoshiji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinomura
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
mesh_terms: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077288:Troglitazone; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002839:Chromans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019938:Cyclin D1; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; D000077288:Troglitazone