title: Characterization of the human somatostatin receptor type 4 promoter.
abstract: Somatostatin (SRIF) exerts inhibitory effects on virtually all endocrine and exocrine secretions. Five distinct SRIF receptor subtypes (sst 1-5) have been identified. In contrast to the other subtypes, very little is known about specific functions of sst4. We investigated structure and regulation of the human sst4 gene. A genomic clone containing the 5' region of the sst4 gene was isolated. 1.5 kb of the promoter was sequenced and putative transcription factor binding sites were identified. The transcription start site was located 88 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site. A -984 sst4 promoter directed significant levels of luciferase expression in GH4 rat pituitary cells, Skut-1B endometrium cells, and BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas only low activity was detected in JEG3 chorion carcinoma cells or COS-7 monkey kidney cells. A minimal -209 promoter allowed cell specific expression, its activity in COS-7 cells is not enhanced by co-transfection of the pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1. An enhancer element was localized between nt -459 and -984. We did not find any regulation of the sst4 promoter region analyzed by SRIF, forskolin, TPA, IGF-1, EGF, T3, glucocorticoids or 17beta-estradiol. These studies identify the 5' region of the sst4 gene. Furthermore, specific activity of the promoter in various cell lines is demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: IHF Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, 22529 Hamburg, Germany. stephan.petersenn@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersenn
authors.forename: Anja C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rasch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Presch
authors.forename: Frank U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Beil
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schulte
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018387:Codon, Initiator; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015698:Genomic Library; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D018387:Codon, Initiator; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C494187:POU1F1 protein, human; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C098681:somatostatin receptor subtype-4; D008156:Luciferases