title: [Penicillin G acylase--synthesis, regulation, production].
abstract: Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is one of very important industrial enzymes used in the production of polysynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the amidic bond of penicillin G with the development of 6-aminopenicillanic acid which serves as the initial substance for the production of semisynthetic penicillins. In the strain Escherichia coli W ATCC 11105 and ATCC 9637, PGA is coded by the pga gene on the chromozome and synthesized as the pre-pro-PGA (pp PGA) precursor, which is transported, with probable participation of the chaperon system, to the periplasmatic space of the cell. Here after a series of proteolytic reactions the active enzyme PGA develops, consisting of two subunits alpha and beta. Expression of the pga gene is subject to several regulatory mechanisms: temperature repression, catabolic repression by glucose, repression by oxygen, and induction by phenylacetic acid (FOK). The formation of active PGA is also influenced at the post-translation level, where an important role is played by intracellular proteolytic reactions and the transport system of pre-pro-PGA across the cytoplasmatic membrane. The chromozomal area of the pga gene of the E. coli W strain was employed for the construction of many recombinant plasmids. These plasmids served to transform suitable host strains, some of which are now used in industry as highly productive microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Katedra farmakognozie Farmaceutické fakulty University Karlovy, Hradec Králové. grafkova@faf.cuni.cz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grafková
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sobotková
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D010399:Penicillin Amidase / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010399:Penicillin Amidase