title: Tumour necrosis factor alpha G-->A -238 and G-->A -308 polymorphisms in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study G-->A -238 and G-->A -308 polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We analysed whether there were any associations between these polymorphisms and the type of JIA and/or the clinical course of the disease in two populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first group consisted of 51 Turkish JIA patients and the second consisted of 159 JIA patients from the Czech Republic. Healthy individuals (93 and 100) from each country served as controls. Subgroups of JIA were defined according to the Durban criteria. The course of the disease was defined on the basis of the physician's global evaluation of disease activity, the swollen and tender joint count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both JIA cohorts, the distribution of genotypes was not significantly different among the types of JIA. The G-->A -238 polymorphism did not have an effect on the patients' outcome in either group. The G-->A -308 polymorphism was significantly associated with a poor outcome in the Turkish group (P=0.005) but there was no association in the Czech patients. Some features of JIA in Turkish patients differed from those in Czech patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic differences may accompany the phenotypic differences found in the Turkish group. Although larger numbers of patients are clearly needed to verify this, we suggest that the G-->A -308 polymorphism may be operative in defining disease outcome in selected groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alikasifoglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakkaloglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duzova
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jarosova
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nemcova
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Besbas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vencovsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuncbilek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018153:Czech Republic; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha