title: Decreased production of interleukin-12 and type 2 immune responses are marked in cachectic patients with colorectal and gastric cancer.
abstract: Balance of the two types of T helper cells is one of the most important factors for regulation of the immune system. This study examines the production of interleukin (IL)-4, -6, -10, -12, and interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or Staphylococcus aureus. Sixty-one patients, including 25 with gastric and 39 with colorectal cancer, and 39 normal volunteers were entered. The production of IL-12 decreased significantly with advancing disease and was lowest in the patients with distant metastases and cachexia. Compared with normal donors, the production of interferon-gamma decreased in all categories of patients, with no difference among patient groups. Levels of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, also showed no difference among patient groups. However, production of all these cytokines had increased by 2.5 months after sequential testing in the same cachectic patients. The authors' findings indicate that the induction of Th1 cells seems to be suppressed at a relatively early stage of disease, whereas that of Th2 cells seems to increase in the terminal stage.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. mshibata@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nezu
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanou
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takekawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuzawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002100:Cachexia / Q000276:immunology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma