Regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
The regulation of proliferation and cell death is vital for homeostasis, but the mechanisms that coordinately balances these two events in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains largely unknown. In RA, the synovial lining increases through enhanced proliferation, migration, and/or decreased cell death. The aberrant decrease in apoptosis or increased cell cycle activity of fibroblast-like or macrophage-like synoviocytes is responsible for the synovial hyperplasia and contributes to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Recently, numerous molecules that modulate apoptosis and cell cycle have been implicated to play a role in RA. This review will describe the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern apoptosis and cell cycle and their relationship to RA pathogenesis.
Perlman
H
H
Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. h-perlman2@nwu.edu
Pagliari
L J
LJ
Volin
M V
MV
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases