title: Serum concentrations of leptin in heart, liver and kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptin is a 16 kDa hormone synthesized by adipocytes and involved in body weight regulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine serum leptin concentrations in heart, liver and kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 57 patients: 18 male heart transplant recipients (age 25-69 years) at 1-66 months after transplantation, 6 female and 8 male liver transplant recipients (age 33-70) at 11-73 months after transplantation, and 10 female and 15 male kidney transplant recipients (age 20-61) at 3-138 months after transplantation. All recipients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy, including prednisone 0-20 mg/day, azathioprine 75-125 mg/day, cyclosporin 100-250 mg/day or tacrolimus 2-10 mg/day. The results were compared to those of 10 female and 10 male healthy controls. Morning serum concentrations of leptin were measured with a commercial radioimmunoassay (Linco Research Inc., USA), and serum insulin and cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (both men and women) after heart, liver and kidney transplantation exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of leptin and leptin/body mass index ratios than controls. Serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in women than in men and correlated very significantly with BMI in all cases. The multivariate stepwise analyses showed that among parameters including BMI, gender, age, time after transplantation, prednisone dose, hematocrit, serum concentrations of glucose, albumin, creatinine, cortisol and insulin, only BMI, gender, cortisol and insulin were significant independent determinants of serum leptin levels in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report showing that, in addition to body mass index and gender, basal cortisol and insulin levels affect the hyperleptinemia in transplant patients. The clinical relevance of hyperleptinemia in these patients will require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Post-Transplant Kidney Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel. kagan@pob.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haran
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leschinsky
authors.forename: Ruty
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarafian
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aravot
authors.forename: Jaffa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dolberg
authors.forename: Ziv
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ben-Ary
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D003404:Creatinine