title: Significance of the expression of the growth factor pleiotrophin in pancreatic cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, we found that pleiotrophin (PTN) acts as a rate-limiting autocrine growth factor in pancreatic cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern of PTN in pancreatic cancer and to analyze the clinical significance of PTN in pancreatic cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared PTN expression in malignant (n = 24), inflammatory (n = 13), and normal (n = 14) pancreatic tissues using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and determined PTN serum levels in pancreatic cancer patients (n = 77), in patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis (n = 21), and in healthy volunteers (n = 28). Two-year survival rates were determined for pancreatic cancer patients in relation to serum levels of PTN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of PTN expression increased from normal tissue (7%) to inflammatory (34%) and pancreatic cancer tissues (67%; P < 0.05). Compared with a healthy control group, we found elevated PTN serum levels in 30% of patients with chronic pancreatitis (mean, 143 +/- 55 pg/ml) and in 53% of pancreatic cancer patients (mean, 200 +/- 29 pg/ml; P < 0.05). Elevated serum levels of PTN dropped in patients after successful tumor resection but were unaffected when only palliative surgery was performed (P < 0.0001). High preoperative serum PTN levels correlated with a worse 2-year survival (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the clinical significance of PTN for the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Klomp
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zernial
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flachmann
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wellstein
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Juhl
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; C066845:pleiotrophin