title: PSA screening and prostate cancer mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physicians have speculated that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening may be responsible for the reduction in prostate cancer mortality observed in the late 1 990s. In order to test this hypothesis, we assessed the relation between the change in prostate cancer incidence in the early 1990s, attributed largely to PSA screening, and the subsequent change in prostate cancer mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided the adult male population of Quebec aged 50 years and more into 15 birth cohorts. For each birth cohort, we computed the change in prostate cancer incidence between 1989 and 1993 and the change in prostate cancer mortality between 1995 and 1999. We then assessed the correlation between the changes in prostate cancer incidence and the subsequent changes in prostate cancer mortality by weighted linear regression. We also split up the study population into 15 regional populations and repeated the analysis described above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that even though most birth cohorts showed an increase in prostate cancer incidence and a subsequent decrease in mortality, the sizes of these changes were not inversely correlated (Pearson's r = 0.33, 1-sided p = 0.89). Similarly, in the regional population study, we found that a greater increase in prostate cancer incidence did not indicate a greater decline in mortality (Pearson's r= 0.13, 1-sided p = 0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that for our study population PSA screening was not associated with, and therefore cannot explain, the decline in prostate cancer mortality.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, Département de médecine sociale et preventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perron
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bairati
authors.forename: Paul-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality*; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen