title: Propylene glycol as a contrasting agent for optical coherence tomography to image gastrointestinal tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a recently developed imaging technique that has the potential to advance the early diagnosis of diseases in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. How ever, the high scattering nature of GI tissue limits its imaging depth and contrast. For more effective diagnosis using OCT, a concurrent improvement of imaging depth and contrast is, therefore, needed. In this work, we investigate the administration of chemical agents to the tissue as a means of improving the capability of OCT imaging of clinically relevant microstructures of the GI tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal human GI tissues, including stomach and oesophagus were obtained from patients in hospital, and were imaged with OCT within 0.5-2 hours of removal. Immediately after the first imaging of the specimens with OCT, about 0.5 ml of 80% propylene glycol solution was applied onto the tissue surface and the tissue allowed to absorb the chemical compounds for 20 minutes. Another image was then taken at the same position. The specimens were then embedded and stained in preparation for histologic evaluation. Co-registration of the images obtained using OCT before and after the topical application of the propylene glycol solution, and standard histopathologic processing provided basis for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More detailed micro-structures, including the basal layer position and the cellular composition of the mucosal layer of GI tract tissues were observed after the topical application of propylene glycol solution, while these structures were not resolvable in the conventional OCT images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propylene glycol could be used as a contrasting agent for OCT imaging of human GI tract tissues, allowing an increased capability of OCT for rapid clinical diagnosis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Medical Photonics Group, Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University/North Staffordshire Hospital Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, United Kingdom. r.wang@keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ruikang K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Elder
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003287:Contrast Media; D004947:Esophagus / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013270:Stomach / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014054:Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003287:Contrast Media; D019946:Propylene Glycol