title: An in vitro study of coronal microleakage around bonded amalgam coronal-radicular cores in endodontically treated molar teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the coronal microleakage of conventional and bonded amalgam coronal-radicular (Nayyar) restorations on endodontically treated molar teeth, because coronal seal is a major factor in the long-term success of endodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty extracted human molar teeth were root-filled and prepared for coronal-radicular amalgam restorations. Four groups of 10 teeth were restored with Tytin amalgam and Vitrebond, Superbond D Liner II, Panavia 21, or no adhesive agent. The teeth were placed in India ink for 1 week, and then demineralized and rendered transparent. The ink penetration was assessed with a coded scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bonded amalgam groups produced significantly less leakage than did the nonbonded group. No statistically significant differences in leakage were detected among the bonded amalgam groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To prevent the reinfection of the endodontically treated molar, it may be preferable to restore the tooth immediately after obturation by employing a bonded amalgam coronal-radicular technique.
authors.affiliation: St Ann's Dental Clinic, 14 St Ann's Square, Manchester M2 7HQ, England. mark@howdlehouse.freeserve.co.uk
authors.forename: Mark David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Howdle
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Callum Cormack
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Youngson
mesh_terms: D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008963:Molar; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011176:Post and Core Technique; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013499:Surface Properties; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; C093719:Panavia TPN-S; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C028433:chinese ink; C067790:Vitrabond; C036886:tytin; D002244:Carbon; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D006171:Gutta-Percha; C049495:Super-bond