title: Activity of anthocyanins from fruit extract of Ribes nigrum L. against influenza A and B viruses.
abstract: Earlier, we have detected antiviral activity in an extract from Ribes nigrum L. fruits ("Kurokarin", name of the one species of black currant in Japanese) against influenza A and B viruses, and herpes simplex virus 1 (Knox et al., Food Processing 33, 21-23, 1998). In the present study, the antiviral activity of constituents of a Kurokarin extract and the mechanism of its antiviral action were examined. Kurokarin extracts were separated to fractions A to D by column chromatography. The major constituents of the fraction D were estimated as anthocyanins. The fraction D was further fractionated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to fractions A' to G'. The fraction E' consisted of 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-cyanidin and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-cyanidin, and the fraction F' consisted of 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-delphinidin and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-delphinidin, identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with standards and by high resolution mass spectrometry. The fractions D' to G' showed potent antiviral activity against influenza viruses A and B. The additive antiviral effect of a combination of the fractions E' and F' was assessed. Anthocyanins in the fraction F' did not directly inactivate influenza viruses A and B, but they inhibited virus adsorption to cells and also virus release from infected cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan. yokoknox@pacbell.net
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzutani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsukui
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004285:Dogs; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts