Molecular steps of tumor necrosis factor receptor-mediated apoptosis.
Until recently it was believed that TNF-induced apoptosis is mediated exclusively by TNF-RI because TNF-RII lacks death domain. However, it has been demonstrated that TNF-RII enhances TNF-RI-mediated apoptosis. In this review, I have discussed the evidence and mechanisms by which TNF-RII regulates TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. A role of RIP is emphasized and novel mechanisms of FLIP-mediated inhibition of apoptosis are discussed. In addition, various mechanisms of TNF-induced activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis have been reviewed.
Gupta
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Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA. sgupta@uci.edu
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011506:Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
D015703:Antigens, CD; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha