title: Oral bacteria and respiratory infection: effects on respiratory pathogen adhesion and epithelial cell proinflammatory cytokine production.
abstract: Several microbiologic and epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between dental plaque, poor oral health, and respiratory diseases such as nosocomial pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A number of hypotheses are suggested to help explain how oral bacteria may participate in the pathogenesis of respiratory infection. Resident bacteria in oral secretions are likely aspirated along with respiratory pathogens and may affect the adhesion of the later organisms to the respiratory epithelium. Preliminary studies performed in our laboratory suggest that oral bacteria may modulate the adhesion of respiratory pathogens to epithelial cell lines. In addition, oral bacterial products or cytokines in oral/pharyngeal aspirates may stimulate cytokine production from respiratory epithelial cells, resulting in recruitment of inflammatory cells. The resulting inflamed epithelium may be more susceptible to respiratory infection. Further preliminary data are presented that some species of oral bacteria may induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines from epithelial cell lines to an extent similar to that seen for respiratory pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA. fas1@acsu.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Scannapieco
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shiau
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000502:physiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000502:physiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha