title: Dose-dependent induction of endogenous antioxidants in rat heart by chronic administration of garlic.
abstract: The inhibitory property of garlic on free radical generation and lipid peroxidation has been reported in a number of in vitro studies. However, the in vivo effects of chronic garlic intake on the antioxidant milieu of heart has not been reported. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic garlic homogenate administration on myocardial endogenous antioxidants and lipid peroxidation at five different dosage levels (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg; B, C, D, E, F groups respectively). Garlic homogenate was administered orally to Wistar albino rats (150-200 gms) of either sex 6 days/week for 30 days. Myocardial TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidants such as SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), catalase, GPx (glutathione peroxidase) and GSH (Reduced Glutathione) were estimated and histopathological changes were observed. Group F was excluded after 55% mortality occurred in 15 days. TBARS levels were significantly lower in groups B, C and D than that of control group (A). Catalase was increased significantly in groups C, D and E, whereas SOD increased significantly in groups B, C and D but decreased in group E. Significant increase in GSH in group E and significant reduction in GPx activity in group B were observed. Histopathological studies showed marked focal myocytolysis in group E. These results showed that chronic garlic intake dose dependently augmented endogenous antioxidants, which might have important direct cytoprotective effects on the heart, especially in the event of oxidant stress induced injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maulik
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mancahanda
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dinda
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Maulik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione