title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic allograft nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition has been shown to slow progression of chronic allograft nephropathy in animal models, no studies have examined its efficacy in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy who had > or =6 months dialysis-free follow-up at our institution. A total of 32 patients treated for > or =6 consecutive months with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and/or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) therapy (group 1) were compared with 31 patients not on these agents (group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for a higher incidence of hypertension (100 vs. 78%, P=0.005) in group 1, there were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics at time of biopsy. With a mean follow-up time of 27 months in both groups, 6 of 32 (19%) group 1 patients vs. 12 of 31 (39%) group 2 reached the primary endpoint of > or =50% increase in serum creatinine (P=0.10). Mean time to primary endpoint was 46.6 months in group 1 vs. 32.7 months in group 2 (P=0.07). Three of 32 (9%) of group 1 patients vs. 8 of 31 (26%) of group 2 returned to dialysis during this time (P=0.11). Significantly fewer patients in group 1 reached the combined secondary endpoint of allograft failure or death (9.4 vs. 35.5%, P=0.01); in addition, group 1 had a longer mean time to this endpoint (51.2 vs. 37.6 months, P=0.03). On multivariate analysis, the only predictor of progression to primary endpoint was a high baseline serum creatinine (P=0.02). No significant differences in hyperkalemia or anemia were found between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition/angiotensin-receptor blocker therapy is well tolerated in renal allograft recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy. It is associated with a trend of slowing renal insufficiency as well as a significant survival benefit in the combined endpoint of allograft failure or death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: Glen S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Vivette D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: D'Agati
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000209:etiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents