title: A survey of parental satisfaction during parent present induction of anaesthesia for children undergoing cardiovascular surgery.
abstract: METHODS
  To assess parental reaction and possible complications of parent present induction (PPI) for children undergoing cardiovascular surgery, the parents of 183 patients were provided with a questionnaire to complete after they had participated in PPI. Questions included: prior experience with PPI, which member of the staff initiated the plan for PPI, parental role in the process, how prepared parents felt, and overall satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PPI was successfully performed in the 183 patients surveyed. No parent was asked to leave the operating room because of respiratory or haemodynamic complications; 77.6% of the parents had no prior experience with PPI; however, 91.8% were aware of their role in the operating room, 94.5% were aware how their child would be anaesthetized and 96.7% felt prepared for their role and believed that this was a positive experience for themselves and their child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective survey demonstrated a high level of parental acceptance and satisfaction for PPI in children undergoing cardiovascular surgery, with a low incidence of untoward events, despite the underlying congenital heart disease. Further work is necessary to objectively characterize anxiety levels associated with induction of anaesthesia in this group of patients and parents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kirsten.odegard@tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Kirsten C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Odegard
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Modest
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Laussen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001290:Attitude; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies