title: The parallel helices of the intermediate filaments of alpha-keratin.
abstract: Recent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflection technique (ATR) has been applied to alpha-keratin fibers (horse-hair) extended in water both at 21 and 95 degrees C. Infrared absorption bands in the Amide 1 region indicated that at extensions to 40-50% strain in water at 21 degrees C alpha-helices had completely disappeared and parallel beta-sheets were formed [Appl. Spectrosc. 55 (2001) 552]. However, when the hair fibers were extended to the same strain at 95 degrees C in water the result was the formation of anti-parallel beta-sheets. These results suggest that the relatively more stable anti-parallel beta-state [Polymer 10 (1969) 810] is only attained in extended alpha-keratin fibers at elevated temperatures and must result from major molecular rearrangement. It was concluded that the alpha-helices in the intermediate filaments (IFs) of alpha-keratin fibers must be parallel. This is in contrast to the previously accepted orientation of anti-parallel alpha-helices, based primarily on findings of X-ray diffraction studies of the structure of beta-keratin in highly extended fibers [Polymer 10 (1969) 810; Keratins, IL: Thomas Springfield (1972); Nature 316 (1985) 767].
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feughelman
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lyman
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Willis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006736:Horses; D007382:Intermediate Filaments; D007633:Keratins / Q000737:chemistry*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins