title: Interventional MR-guided neuroendoscopy: A new therapeutic option for children.
abstract: Neuroendoscopic treatment of hydrocephalic children is an established surgical modality. Open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology introduces new imaging features that, in combination with endoscopy, seem particularly valuable for performing these operations. "Near" real-time production of MR images in 3 dimensions during the procedure allows real-time neuronavigation, thus, facilitating guidance of an endoscope. Additionally, intraoperative changes such as brain shift, effects of perforation, and drainage of cysts are shown during an ongoing procedure. The patency of cysts or fluid compartments inside the ventricular system can be controlled by intraoperative injection of diluted gadolinium into the cystic compartments. These new therapeutic options were applied in 2 hydrocephalic children with complex ventricular cysts: a 3-month-old girl with a large, septated arachnoidal cyst and internal hydrocephalus and a boy of 7 years, 2 months with congenital hydrocephalus and premature closure of the coronary sutures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balmer
authors.forename: Rene L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bernays
authors.forename: Spyros S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kollias
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonekawa
mesh_terms: D016080:Arachnoid Cysts / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium