title: Predicting invasion in mammographically detected microcalcification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify pre-operative factors which predict presence of invasive disease within mammographically detected malignant microcalcification.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 116 serial stereotactic core needle biopsies (SCNBs) performed on malignant mammographic calcification. Final surgical pathology was correlated with pre-operative features (clinical, radiological and core histology) in an attempt to predict the presence of an invasive component.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight clusters contained invasive carcinoma. The sensitivity of SCNB for invasion was 55%. Clinical features, calcium morphology and cluster size were not shown to be predictive of invasive disease. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of high grade on core histology and increasing number of calcifications were predictive of increased risk of invasion (high grade core biopsy DCIS and > 40 calcifications 48% invasive at surgical histology; high grade core biopsy DCIS and < 40 calcifications 15% invasive; non-high grade core biopsy DCIS 0% invasive).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of those clusters diagnosed as DCIS by percutaneous biopsy which are likely to harbour an invasive component is possible. It would seem reasonable to consider staging the axilla at therapeutic surgery in these patients.
authors.affiliation: International Breast Screening Education Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bagnall
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pinder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denley
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors