title: Tooth whitening in children.
abstract: Although there are several case reports of vital tooth bleaching in children, there is limited clinical trial evidence of the safety or efficacy of this practice. Accordingly, a new clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2 different bleaching systems, a 6.5% hydrogen peroxide strip system and a 10% carbamide peroxide tray system, in a population of preteens and teens. A total of 106 volunteers, aged 11 to 18 years, took part in this 8-week study. Patients were randomized by a ratio of 2:1 to the strip or tray groups, with each group treating the maxillary arch first and then the mandibular arch for 4 consecutive weeks each. Individuals assigned to the strip group used the system twice daily for 30 minutes (a total of 56 contact hours over the 8-week study). Those assigned to the tray group used that system overnight (approximately 448 contact hours). Digital images were obtained at baseline and after every 2-week treatment period. Average tooth color was determined in L*, a*, b* color space, where L* indicated lightness, a* indicated red-green, and b* indicated yellow-blue. Both systems significantly whitened teeth (P < 0.0001). While there were no significant differences between groups with respect to the primary whitening response (delta b*) on the maxillary teeth, 4 weeks of overnight treatment with the 10% carbamide peroxide tray (approximately 224 contact hours) yielded statistically significant whitening (P < 0.05) on the mandibular teeth compared with the 6.5% hydrogen peroxide strip used for 28 hours. Both tooth-whitening systems had similar sensitivity/irritation reported after instructed use. This research demonstrates that tooth whitening in teens may be safely accomplished using either the short-contact-time hydrogen peroxide bleaching strips or the overnight carbamide peroxide tray systems tested in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Donly
authors.forename: Adriana Segura
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Donly
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baharloo
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rojas-Candelas
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Godoy
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gerlach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002648:Child; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D016877:Oxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000628:therapy; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide