title: Xanthochromia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually established by computed tomographic scanning; however, in a few patients, lumbar puncture to examine the cerebrospinal fluid for erythrocytes and xanthochromia is necessary. Some authorities recommend delaying lumbar puncture by 12 hours following onset of symptoms to ensure sufficient time has elapsed for xanthochromia to develop. This recommendation is based on measuring xanthochromia by spectrophotometry. Our hypothesis was that very few hospital laboratories in the United States use this method.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the percentage of hospital clinical laboratories that measure for xanthochromia using spectrophotometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mail survey to 3500 hospital clinical laboratory directors (in collaboration with the College of American Pathologists). Surveys were mailed in January 2001 and the results tabulated 1 month later. Participation was voluntary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentage of hospital clinical laboratories that use spectrophotometry versus visual inspection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 3500 laboratories surveyed, 2551 (72.9%) responded. Of these, 1944 (76.2%) indicated that they evaluated for xanthochromia. Of the 1952 laboratories that answered the question "How do you report your results?" 1947 (99.7%) reported using visual inspection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When evaluating for xanthochromia in cerebrospinal fluid, nearly all hospital clinical laboratories in the United States use visual inspection. Given this current reality, the recommendation of delaying lumbar puncture by 12 hours needs to be reassessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. jedlow@caregroup.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Edlow
authors.forename: Kathy S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bruner
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Horowitz
mesh_terms: D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital; D010858:Pigmentation; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires