title: Testicular sperm extraction in azoospermic patients with gonadal germ cell tumors prior to chemotherapy--a new therapy option.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In view of the high cure rates in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), increasing clinical importance is attached to protection of fertility. Long-term infertility due to cytostatic therapy may be expected in more than 50% of the patients at a cumulative dose of cisplatin > 0.6 g/m2. The standard procedure for fertility protection in cancer patients includes cryopreservation of ejaculated spermatozoa. Considering that some patients have tumor-induced azoospermia, we examined the usefulness of testicular sperm extraction before therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of the literature served as a basis for investigating biological and clinical aspects of the impact of chemotherapy on male fertility. A study of our patient population also enabled us to explore the option of extracting sperm from the contralateral healthy testis prior to treatment in 14 azoospermic patients with testicular germ cell tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to successfully recover haploid germ cells in 6/14 testicular biopsies from azoospermic patients with testicular germ cell cancer prior to treatment. Maturation arrest was found in 3/14 cases and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome in the rest. None of the patients had secondary healing or a treatment delay because of the testicular biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the post-therapeutic fertility status is difficult to predict in cancer patients, we think that TESE should be regarded as a general option prior to cancer treatment and offered to azoospermic cancer patients. New guidelines should be established in this connection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Freie University Berlin, Germany. schrader@medizin.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D018237:Germinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000473:pathology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents