title: Novel Internet-based tool for correcting apparent sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests to adjust for referral (verification) bias.
abstract: Referral (verification) bias-the selective sampling of a population under evaluation for definitive confirmation of disease status-has been recognized as affecting the measured sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. The authors developed an Internet-based Java applet to correct the apparent (measured) values of sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests to adjust for referral (verification) bias. The applet was applied to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease by means of exercise stress testing. Referral rates for coronary arteriography can be adjusted separately for patients with positive and negative test results. The more complicated situation, in which the results are stratified in terms of exercise heart rate, was also investigated.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, Mass 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Danias
authors.forename: J Anthony
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000592:standards; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D015983:Selection Bias; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software