title: Combined intraarterial 5-fluorouracil and subcutaneous interferon-alpha therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the major portal branches.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invading into the major branches of the portal vein (Vp3) is extremely poor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven consecutive patients with HCC and Vp3 were treated with 2-6 cycles of a "basic" combination therapy consisting of continuous arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (450-500 mg/day, for the initial 2 weeks) and subcutaneous injection of interferon-alpha (5 million international units, 3 times/week, 4 weeks). In the first 3 patients, methotrexate (90 mg/day 1 of every week), cisplatin (10 mg/day), and leucovorin (30 mg/days 2 and 3 of every week) also were administered for the initial 2 weeks ("full" regimen).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 8 (73%) of 11 patients, an objective response (complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]) was observed with marked regression of tumor and decrease in tumor markers. The use of the full regimen was associated with objective response in all patients; instead, they developed thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. In the subsequent 8 patients with basic regimen, 5 patients showed CR (2 cases) or PR (3 cases; objective response rate, 63%), and leukopenia was observed only in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple combination therapy with subcutaneous interferon-alpha and intraarterial 5-fluorouracil therefore is a promising treatment modality for intractable HCC with Vp3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan. msakon@surg2.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakon
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dono
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeshita
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Morito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000187:drug effects*; D011169:Portal Vein; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D005472:Fluorouracil