title: Phosphorylation of linker histones regulates ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes.
abstract: Members of the ATP-dependent family of chromatin remodeling enzymes play key roles in the regulation of transcription, development, DNA repair and cell cycle control. We find that the remodeling activities of the ySWI/SNF, hSWI/SNF, xMi-2 and xACF complexes are nearly abolished by incorporation of linker histones into nucleosomal array substrates. Much of this inhibition is independent of linker histone-induced folding of the arrays. We also find that phosphorylation of the linker histone by Cdc2/Cyclin B kinase can rescue remodeling by ySWI/SNF. These results suggest that linker histones exert a global, genome-wide control over remodeling activities, implicating a new, obligatory coupling between linker histone kinases and ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Lenny M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Logie
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Imbalzano
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Craig L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D004265:DNA Helicases; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D056245:Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D015003:Yeasts
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; C115323:CHD4 protein, human; D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D017489:CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae; D056245:Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex; D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605089:APOBEC1 protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D004265:DNA Helicases