title: Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in T cell signaling.
abstract: This review discusses in considerable detail the tyrosine phosphorylation events that couple the T cell antigen receptor to downstream signaling pathways. First, the protein kinases that catalyze these tyrosine phosphorylation are introduced, then the phosphatases that mediate removal of phosphate from tyrosine residues. Next, we discuss the molecular clock work by which these enzymes initiated T cell activation. Finally, we briefly review the key substrates for tyrosine phosphorylation and their role in coupling the kinases and phosphatases to gene transcription and other aspects of the T lymphocyte response to antigen.
authors.affiliation: Program of Signal Transduction, Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. tmustelin@burnham-inst.org
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mustelin
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Merlo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; C089848:Tec protein-tyrosine kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases