title: The potential association between menta deformities and trace elements in Chironomidae (Diptera) taken from a heavy metal contaminated river.
abstract: Elevated morphological deformity rates in Chironomidae larvae have been attributed to such pollutants as oil tars, pesticides, organochlorines, and heavy metals. The potential of chironomids as biological indicators of heavy metal contamination and bioavailability in a contaminated ecosystem was assessed. Chironomid larvae and river sediment were collected from the Coeur d' Alene River system, Idaho, USA, contaminated with heavy metals from mining activities. Chironomid larvae collected at contaminated sites exhibited mouthpart deformity proportions between 3.8 and 10.3% compared to the control site of 0.9%. As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in both larvae and sediment samples. Significant correlation between metal concentrations and deformity rates were observed for all metals except Ni. The data also suggests that feeding habits may influence differences in pollution tolerance among genera.
authors.affiliation: Washington State University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, P.O. Box 646410, Pullman, Washington 99164-6410, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schaumloffel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D015415:Biomarkers; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet; D017753:Ecosystem; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014873:Water Pollutants