title: Contamination of ballistic fractures: an in vitro model.
abstract: This study allowed the development of an in vitro model of a high-energy ballistic fracture. Direct fractures are more heavily contaminated than indirect fractures, and the spread of contamination is more extensive than examination of the wounds, particularly the entry wounds, would suggest. The major spread of contamination is along tissue planes, and we would recommend that these are thoroughly lavaged in the management of the fracture. The fracture site is heavily contaminated, with endosteal spread in direct fractures. However, there appears to be relatively little bony contamination beyond the fracture site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, DERA Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts SP4 OJQ, UK.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Clasper
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012756:Sheep; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*