title: Use of absorbable cyanoacrylate glue to repair an open cystotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A biodegradable cyanoacrylate glue was tested for its ability to close bladder injuries in an established porcine model. Inflammation and encrustation associated with this glue were examined in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four domestic pigs underwent transverse cystotomy, which was closed with absorbable cyanoacrylate glue. Four weeks later the bladder was distended with normal saline to evaluate the repair. A total of 45 rabbits underwent cystotomy, which was closed with polyglactin suture, absorbable cyanoacrylate glue or nonabsorbable 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue. The bladder was harvested at 4 or 12 weeks to evaluate inflammation, microcalcification and encrustation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 4 pig bladders tolerated a pressure of 200 mm. Hg 4 weeks after closure. In the rabbit bladders there was no difference in inflammation in the groups at 4 and 12 weeks. The absorbable glue and suture groups had less microcalcification than the 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue group at 4 and 12 weeks (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Encrustation was less in the suture and absorbable glue groups than in the 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue group at 4 and 12 weeks (p = 0.004 and 0.02, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An experimental absorbable cyanoacrylate glue has the strength to seal a large cystotomy. The inflammatory response to absorbable glue is similar to that to suture at 12 weeks. Absorbable glue does not promote calcification. These properties may make it a suitable material for replacing or augmenting suture in the urinary tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Seifman
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Antoinette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D011817:Rabbits; D013552:Swine; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates