title: Depolarization induces insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 expression in vivo via NMDA receptor stimulation.
abstract: The effect of depolarization and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) and IGFBP-4 expression was analysed in vivo. Depolarization was induced in adult rat brains by applying 3 M KCl to the exposed cortex for 10 min. A subgroup of animals also received daily injections of MK-801. Four days after KCl exposure, the brains were analysed by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL. A significant upregulation of IGFBP-2 mRNA and protein was detected in astrocytes after KCl exposure This upregulation was reduced by MK-801 treatment. No alterations in IGF-I or IGFBP-4 mRNA levels were noted. We did not detect TUNEL positive cells, morphological signs of necrosis or apoptosis, or neuronal loss in the depolarized zone. Taken together, these findings indicate that upregulation of IGFBP-2 by depolarization is mediated by NMDA receptors, and, as no neuronal damage was detected, astrocytic NMDA receptors may be responsible for this upregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. staffan.holmin@ks.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Langmoen
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sandberg Nordqvist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate