title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits insulin-induced increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduces insulin receptor content and phosphorylation in human aortic endothelial cells.
abstract: Insulin exerts a vasodilatory effect through the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium. We have recently demonstrated that insulin also inhibits the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), 2 major proinflammatory mediators, by human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and the proinflammatory mediator, nuclear factor (NF-kappa B), in the nucleus in parallel with an increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) expression. The inhibition of ICAM-1 by insulin is NO dependent. Because tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a ) is proinflammatory and may thus inhibit the action of insulin at the endothelial cell level, we have now investigated whether TNF-a affects (1) insulin receptor content; (2) insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation induced by insulin, and (3) e-NOS expression by the endothelial cells. TNF-alpha (1 to 5 ng/mL) caused e-NOS inhibition in a dose-dependent fashion as measured by Western blotting. This inhibition was reduced with insulin addition. TNF-alpha also inhibited tyrosine autophosphorylation of the IR in HAEC induced by insulin and reduced IR beta-subunit protein expression in HAEC. These effects of insulin and TNF-alpha were independent of cell proliferation, as cell counts did not change with insulin or TNF-alpha. Our data demonstrate that TNF-alpha may exert its effect by inhibiting IR autophosphorylation in HAEC and also by reducing IR protein (IRP) expression. Although the inhibition of IR autophosphorylation by TNF-alpha is known to occur at the adipocyte level, the data on the inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha on insulin-induced e-NOS expression and IRP contents are novel.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aljada
authors.forename: Husam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghanim
authors.forename: Ezzat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Assian
authors.forename: Paresh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dandona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011972:Receptor, Insulin