Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in celiac disease.
BACKGROUND
Celiac disease is one of the most common lifelong disorders. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a possible complication of celiac disease and may lead to a large portion of lymphoma cases.


OBJECTIVE
To quantify the risk for developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma of any primary site associated with celiac disease.


METHODS
Multicenter, case-control study conducted between January 1996 and December 1999 throughout Italy.


METHODS
Cases were older than 20 years (median, 57; range, 20-92 years) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of any primary site and histological type and were recruited at the time of the diagnosis. Controls were healthy adults (2739 men and 2981 women) from the general population.


METHODS
Positive test result for class A serum antiendomysial antibody.


RESULTS
Celiac disease was diagnosed in 6 (0.92%) of 653 patients with lymphoma. Of the 6 cases, 3 were of B-cell and 3 were of T-cell origin. Four of 6 cases had lymphoma primarily located in the gut. In the control group, 24 (0.42%) had celiac disease. The odds ratio (adjusted for age and sex) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma of any primary site associated with celiac disease was 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-7.6), 16.9 (95% CI, 7.4-38.7) for gut lymphoma, and 19.2 (95% CI, 7.9-46.6) for T-cell lymphoma, respectively. The risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma for the overall population, which was adjusted for age and sex, was 0.63% (95% CI, - 0.12% to 1.37%).


CONCLUSIONS
Celiac disease is associated with an increased risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, especially of T-cell type and primarily localized in the gut. However, the association does not represent a great enough risk to justify early mass screening for celiac disease.
Catassi
Carlo
C
University of Maryland, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 22 S Greene St, N5W70/Box 140, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. catassi@tin.it
Fabiani
Elisabetta
E
Corrao
Giovanni
G
Barbato
Maria
M
De Renzo
Amalia
A
Carella
Angelo M
AM
Gabrielli
Armando
A
Leoni
Pietro
P
Carroccio
Antonio
A
Baldassarre
Mariella
M
Bertolani
Paolo
P
Caramaschi
Paola
P
Sozzi
Michele
M
Guariso
Graziella
G
Volta
Umberto
U
Corazza
Gino R
GR
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors