title: Weekly chemotherapy with docetaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced transitional cell urothelial cancer: a phase II trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of weekly docetaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five chemotherapy-naïve (adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was allowed) patients with advanced TCC received intravenous docetaxel 35 mg/m2, gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 and cisplatin 35 mg/m2, on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. Prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was given from days 3 to 6 and days 10 to 15, anti-emetics were used routinely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most (27) patients (77.1%) had a performance status of 0 to 1 and eight (22.9%) had received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the objective response rate was 65.6% [23/35 patients, 95% confidence interval (CI) 47.8% to 80.9%]. Ten patients (28.5%) achieved a complete response (95% CI 14.6% to 46.3%) and 13 (37.1%) a partial response (95% CI 21.5% to 55.0%). Median survival time was 15.5 months, median duration of response was 10.2 months and median time to progression was 8.9 months. Ten patients (28.5%) developed grade 3/4 neutropenia, including five (14.3%) who experienced febrile neutropenia, which was successfully treated. Grade 3/4 anaemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 20% and 25.7% of patients, respectively; four patients required platelet transfusions. There were no treatment-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weekly docetaxel, gemcitabine plus cisplatin is a highly effective treatment for chemotherapy-naïve advanced TCC, and causes only moderate toxicity. This regimen should be considered as a suitable option that deserves further prospective evaluation through randomised phase III trials.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa's Memorial Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. pectasid@otenet.gr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pectasides
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glotsos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bountouroglou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouloubinis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitakidis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karvounis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ziras
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Athanassiou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D043823:Taxoids; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine