title: Upregulation by retinoic acid of transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts: involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
abstract: We investigated whether transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) stimulates the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and HSP70 in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells and the mechanism underlying the induction. TGF-beta increased the level of HSP27 but had no effect on the HSP70 level. TGF-beta stimulated the accumulation of HSP27 dose-dependently, and induced an increase in the level of mRNA for HSP27. TGF-beta induced the phosphorylation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase. The HSP27 accumulation induced by TGF-beta was significantly suppressed by PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream kinase of p44/p42 MAP kinase, or SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. PD98059 and SB203580 suppressed the TGF-beta-stimulated increase in the level of mRNA for HSP27. Retinoic acid, a vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, which alone had little effect on the HSP27 level, markedly enhanced the HSP27 accumulation stimulated by TGF-beta. Retinoic acid enhanced the TGF-beta-induced increase of mRNA for HSP27. The amplification of TGF-beta-stimulated HSP27 accumulation by retinoic acid was reduced by PD98059 or SB203580. Retinoic acid failed to affect the TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase or p38 MAP kinase. These results strongly suggest that p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase take part in the pathways of the TGF-beta-stimulated HSP27 induction in osteoblasts, and that retinoic acid upregulates the TGF-beta-stimulated HSP27 induction at a point downstream from p44/p42 MAP kinase and p38 MAP kinase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kozawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kanefusa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Norichika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tatematsu
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uematsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C408604:2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one