title: Outcome of the artificial urinary sphincter in female patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed the outcome in female patients at our unit in whom an artificial urinary sphincter was inserted.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed notes on 68 patients and mailed a questionnaire to those without recent followup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time since insertion was 12 years. Overall 25 patients (37%) had the original artificial urinary sphincter in situ and were dry at a median followup of 7 years. The artificial urinary sphincter was replaced for loss of function in 12 patients, of whom 11 were dry with the replaced device. The device was removed for erosion or infection in 31 patients, of whom 19 underwent successful replacement or were continent after removal. Overall 55 of 68 patients (81%) were continent. Those with neuropathic bladder dysfunction achieved a continence rate of greater than 90%, although half required sphincter removal initially. When the indication for insertion was stress incontinence, 70% of the patients had the original or a replaced artificial urinary sphincter in situ and 82% were continent. All patients with previous pelvic irradiation had the sphincter removed and urinary diversion was done.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall continence rate in female patients after insertion of an artificial urinary sphincter is satisfactory. A satisfactory outcome was achieved in terms of stress incontinence and we would recommend an artificial urinary sphincter after an adequate anti-stress incontinence operation fails. Continence in patients with neuropathic bladder dysfunction is excellent and the artificial urinary sphincter should be considered first line treatment in this group, although the risk of revision surgery is high. Pelvic irradiation is a contraindication to the artificial urinary sphincter in female patients.
authors.affiliation: St. George's Hospital and Institute of Urology and Nephrology, London and St. Richard's Hospital, Chichester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Venn
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mundy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016741:Urinary Sphincter, Artificial