Hydrogen peroxide homeostasis: activation of plant catalase by calcium/calmodulin.
Environmental stimuli such as UV, pathogen attack, and gravity can induce rapid changes in hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) levels, leading to a variety of physiological responses in plants. Catalase, which is involved in the degradation of H(2)O(2) into water and oxygen, is the major H(2)O(2)-scavenging enzyme in all aerobic organisms. A close interaction exists between intracellular H(2)O(2) and cytosolic calcium in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Studies indicate that an increase in cytosolic calcium boosts the generation of H(2)O(2). Here we report that calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous calcium-binding protein, binds to and activates some plant catalases in the presence of calcium, but calcium/CaM does not have any effect on bacterial, fungal, bovine, or human catalase. These results document that calcium/CaM can down-regulate H(2)O(2) levels in plants by stimulating the catalytic activity of plant catalase. Furthermore, these results provide evidence indicating that calcium has dual functions in regulating H(2)O(2) homeostasis, which in turn influences redox signaling in response to environmental signals in plants.
Yang
T
T
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA.
Poovaiah
B W
BW
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006706:Homeostasis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology; D011485:Protein Binding; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000201:enzymology
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium