title: Pharmacokinetics and residues of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites in broiler chickens.
abstract: The pharmacokinetic properties of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites were determined in healthy chickens after single i.v. and oral dosage of 8 mg ciprofloxacin kg(-1) bodyweight. After i.v. and oral administration, the plasma concentration-time graph was characteristic of a two-compartment open model. Mean (SD) elimination half-life and mean residence time of ciprofloxacin in plasma were 8.84 (2.13) and 8.54 (1.64) hours, respectively, after i.v. administration and 11.89 (1.95) and 13.32 (2.65) hours, respectively, after oral administration. Mean maximal plasma concentration of ciprofloxacin was 2.63 (0.20) microg ml(-1), and the interval from oral administration until maximum concentration was 0.36 (0.07) hours. The mean oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin was found to be 69.12 (6.95) per cent. Ciprofloxacin was mainly converted to oxociprofloxacin and desethyleneciprofloxacin. Considerable kidney, liver, muscle and skin + fat tissue concentrations of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites oxociprofloxacin and desethyleneciprofloxacin were found when ciprofloxacin was administered orally (8 mg kg(-1) on 3 successive days). It was estimated that mean tissue concentrations of ciprofloxacin and its metabolites ranging between 0.011 to 0.75 microg g(-1) persisted for 5 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIC, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. anadon@eucmax.sim.ucm.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anadón
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Martínez-Larrañaga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iturbe
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Frejo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004350:Drug Residues; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin