title: Clinical function after primary surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: an 11-item examination.
abstract: The aim of this study was to record clinical function using an 11-item clinical examination and identify the main postoperative functional deficits. Of 132 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for previously untreated disease between January 1995 and June 1997, 130 were recruited in the study. An 11-domain clinical examination was made on the day before operation, and at 6 and 12 months afterwards. This examination assessed lip competence, tongue movement, oral mucosa, dental state, mouth opening, speech, drooling, diet, appearance, oral sensation and shoulder movement. Preoperatively there were deficits in natural dentition, consistency of diet and tongue protrusion. Postoperatively functional scores fell particularly for tongue movements, mouth opening, mucosa, dentition, speech, diet, appearance, lip sensation and tongue sensation. At 1 year, dental status, sensation and oral mucosa were particularly defective. Patients with large tumours, free tissue transfer, or adjuvant radiotherapy had the worst levels of function.A simple clinical examination provides a rapid assessment of function that can be used in conjunction with validated questionnaires to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of outcome.
authors.affiliation: Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Aintree Trust, Liverpool, UK. snrogers@globalnet.co.uk
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003679:Deglutition; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000503:physiopathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011184:Postoperative Period; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013060:Speech; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome