title: Adolescent tobacco use: the protective effects of developmental assets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of 10 youth developmental assets on adolescent tobacco use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of a randomly selected sample using in-home interviewing methodology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inner-city areas of two midsized Midwestern cities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The researchers studied 1,350 teen-parent pairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic information, adolescent self-reported tobacco use, eight developmental asset Likert scales, and two one-item developmental asset measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 51%. Logistic regression results indicate that youth who possess nine of 10 developmental assets examined are significantly less likely to report tobacco use than youth with low levels of assets. Adjusting for youth age, race, gender, parental income and education, and family structure, significant odds ratios include the following: nonparental adult role model, 2.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45, 3.02); peer role models, 2.48 (95% CI = 1.87, 3.29); family communication, 1.73 (95% CI = 1.29, 2.31); use of time (organized groups), 1.77 (95% CI = 1.28, 2.44); use of time (religion), 2.49 (95% CI = 1.86, 3.33); good health practices (exercise/nutrition), 1.61 (95% CI = 1.21, 2.14); community involvement, 1.66 (95% CI = 1.07, 2.58); future aspirations, 2.06 (95% CI = 1.42, 2.99); and responsible choices, 2.21 (95% CI = 1.55, 3.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study support the view that certain developmental assets may serve to protect youth from risk-taking behaviors, particularly tobacco use. Limitations include cross-sectional data and three scales with alphas below .7.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 26901, Room 369, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Roy F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Oman
authors.forename: Sara K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Vesely
authors.forename: Cheryl B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Aspy
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McLeroy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012944:Social Support; D014505:Urban Population