The effects of socioeconomic status and increased body mass index on cardiovascular disease in African-American women.
Today within the United States, CVD is the leading cause of death in women with the highest mortality being seen in African-American women. A review of literature revealed that over the last decade, within the United States, there has been an overall reduction in the death rate due to CVD. However, the rate of decline has been less for women than for men and less for African-American women than for White women. Findings from some studies indicate that African-American women have increased risk factors as compared to other ethnic groups for CVD based upon conditions and behaviors affecting lifestyle. Fortunately, most of the CVD risk factors are modifiable and their occurrence can be widely prevented. Therefore, it is imperative that health care providers approach the issue of risk factors for CVD in African-American women as a heart disease epidemic. This approach is necessary if the United States is going to improve the health of all Americans, eliminate disparities, and improve the quality of life.
Hill
M
M
School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Calvin
R L
RL
Bangura
T
T
Moore
A N
AN
Maston
K
K
Azoro
C
C
Brown
B
B
Boyd
C
C
D001741:Black or African American; D044383:Black People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors