title: Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk for various types of cancer. A combined analysis of more than 200 studies assessing the link between alcohol and various types of cancer (i.e., a meta-analysis) sought to investigate this association in more detail. This meta-analysis found that alcohol most strongly increased the risks for cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and larynx. Statistically significant increases in risk also existed for cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, female breast, and ovaries. Several mechanisms have been postulated through which alcohol may contribute to an increased risk of cancer. Concurrent tobacco use, which is common among drinkers, enhances alcohol's effects on the risk for cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract. The analysis did not identify a threshold level of alcohol consumption below which no increased risk for cancer was evident.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagnardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blangiardo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corrao
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001515:Beer / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D014920:Wine / Q000009:adverse effects