title: Expression and regulation of inducible IkappaB kinase (IKK-i) in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
abstract: IkappaB kinase (IKK) plays a key role in the regulation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). We previously demonstrated the expression of two kinases, IKK1 and IKK2, in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and determined their functional consequences for inflammatory gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Recently, a novel inducible IkappaB kinase has been described, namely, IKK-i or IKK-epsilon, which is functionally and structurally distinct from constitutively expressed IKK1 and IKK2. Therefore, we investigated the expression and regulation of this novel kinase in FLS from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Interestingly, constitutive gene expression and protein expression were observed in all cell lines examined. TNFalpha stimulation for 24 h increased IKK-i expression 7.2 +/- 1.8-fold in FLS (P < 0.02). IL-1 also significantly increased IKK-i gene expression. Time course experiments demonstrated that IKK-i gene expression increased within 3 h of TNFalpha stimulation and persisted for at least 24 h. Dose-response studies showed that as little as 1 ng/ml of TNFalpha increased IKK-i gene expression. Constitutive IKK-1 gene expression was also noted in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and normal synovium. This is the first report demonstrating constitutive expression and cytokine regulation of this novel kinase in primary human synovial cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Aupperle
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mercurio
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Firestein
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human