title: Late surface opacification of Hydroview intraocular lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical and pathological features of Hydroview intraocular lenses undergoing delayed surface opacification resulting in visual deterioration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty one eyes which underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification and Hydroview lens implantation with good visual recovery, presenting at 46-146 weeks post-surgery with visual deterioration and glare symptoms resulting from opacification of the implants, were included in the study. Twelve eyes had severe opacification, of which nine underwent intraocular lens exchange and three more are still awaiting surgery. The method of explantation is described. The explanted intraocular lenses were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis using a light element detector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed diffuse granular deposits of approximately 5 microm diameter covering the optic surfaces but sparing the lens haptics. Light microscopic staining techniques and x-ray microanalysis confirm the major component of the deposits to be calcium phosphate salts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late opacification of Hydroview intraocular lens implants is uncommon and aetiology seems to be multifactorial. Implant exchange is necessary to restore sight in some cases. As new materials are increasingly used it is important to highlight such unusual occurrences.
authors.affiliation: Royal Eye Infirmary Plymouth, UK. nabil.habib@phnt.swest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Freegard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gock
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moate
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D020878:Device Removal; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate