Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in T cell signaling.
This review discusses in considerable detail the tyrosine phosphorylation events that couple the T cell antigen receptor to downstream signaling pathways. First, the protein kinases that catalyze these tyrosine phosphorylation are introduced, then the phosphatases that mediate removal of phosphate from tyrosine residues. Next, we discuss the molecular clock work by which these enzymes initiated T cell activation. Finally, we briefly review the key substrates for tyrosine phosphorylation and their role in coupling the kinases and phosphatases to gene transcription and other aspects of the T lymphocyte response to antigen.
Mustelin
Tomas
T
Program of Signal Transduction, Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. tmustelin@burnham-inst.org
Abraham
Robert T
RT
Rudd
Christopher E
CE
Alonso
Andres
A
Merlo
Joseph J
JJ
D000818:Animals; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; C089848:Tec protein-tyrosine kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases