title: Sports injury, occupational physical activity, joint laxity, and meniscal damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk factors for meniscal damage, an important determinant of knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 243 men and women aged 20-59 years in whom the diagnosis of a meniscal tear was confirmed for the first time at arthroscopy, over a 25 month period, in 2 British hospitals. Each case was compared with one or 2 community controls, matched by age and sex, who were registered with the same general practitioner. Information on exposure to risk factors was obtained by a structured questionnaire and physical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meniscal tear was strongly associated with participation in sports during the 12 months preceding the onset of symptoms; the risk was particularly high for soccer (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.1-6.6). Higher body mass index and occupational kneeling (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.3-11.0) and squatting (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.0-8.0) were associated with an increased risk of degenerative meniscal lesions, after adjustment for social class, joint laxity, and sports participation. Joint laxity was associated with degenerative meniscal lesions independently of occupational physical activity, sports, and obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm the importance of sporting activities entailing knee torsion in acute meniscal tear. They also point to a role for occupational activity, adiposity, and joint laxity in the pathogenesis of degenerative meniscal lesions. Modifying these mechanical risk factors may serve to reduce the risk of meniscal injury and may also help to prevent later knee osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coggon
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Reading
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000453:epidemiology; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011187:Posture; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012916:Soccer; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries