title: Patients with erythrophobia (fear of blushing) show abnormal autonomic regulation in mental stress conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to analyze the autonomic functions of patients with erythrophobia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with a diagnosis of erythrophobia (female/male ratio 18/22) without any other organic lesions and 20 healthy volunteers (female/male ratio 10/10) were assessed. Clinical evaluation was performed using a modified version of semistructured interviews. Autonomic testing was performed by means of spectral analysis of heart rate and continuous blood pressure by sparse discrete Fourier transformation at rest and under mental stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant difference between the two samples in age, sex distribution, BMI, resting systolic, or diastolic blood pressure, nor was there a difference in autonomic baseline functioning between the 40 patients with erythrophobia and the control subjects. On the other hand, patients with erythrophobia consistently showed higher pulse rates (88 +/- 20 vs. 78 +/- 9 bpm, p <.05), higher total heart rate power values (8.40 +/- 0.63 vs. 8.07 +/- 1.02 p <.05), higher midfrequency spectral values (7.38 +/- 0.66 vs. 7.02 +/- 1.18, p <.01), higher high-frequency spectral values (6.89 +/- 0.86 vs. 6.48 +/- 1.44, p <.05), and lower baroreceptor sensitivity (8.62 +/- 8.16 vs. 11.65 +/- 4.42, p <.005) than the healthy subjects. ANOVA showed a significant group interaction (p <.0001) between the samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for abnormal autonomic functioning in patients with erythrophobia when under mental stress.
authors.affiliation: Psychosomatics and Psychosocial Medicine, Psychiatric Out-Patient Department, University of Berne, CH-3010 Berne-Inselspital, Switzerland. laederach@insel.ch
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laederach-Hofmann
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mussgay
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Widler
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rüddel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005483:Flushing / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*