title: Genetic counseling in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in the diagnosis of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and illustrate the difficulties in genetic counseling of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmological and molecular genetic study of one affected and three unaffected members from a family with heteroplasmic ND1/3460 mtDNA mutation associated with LHON.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proband had variable amounts of mutant mtDNA in all his tissues studied, ranging from 58% in blood to 92% in subcutis. The mother had an extremely low amount of mutant mtDNA in her tissues, except for hair roots, which contained only normal mtDNA. No mutant mtDNA could be detected in the proband's unaffected sister and maternal aunt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite her minimal mutation load, the mother of the proband has still transmitted a considerable amount of mutant mtDNA to her son, who is severely affected. Although proband's unaffected sister and maternal aunt had no mutant mtDNA, a theoretical risk that they may transmit the disease to their offspring cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Finland. kirsi.huoponen@utu.fi
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huoponen
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puomila
authors.forename: Marja-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Savontaus
authors.forename: Eila
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kronqvist
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikoskelainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D029242:Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial