title: Determination of semivolatile compounds in Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) by supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: The on-line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-gas chromatography method was applied to the determination of volatile compounds of raw and baked Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras). The analytes were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at 45 degrees C and 10 MPa pressure. After extraction, the volatiles and coeluted lipids were separated on-line using supercritical fluid chromatography and the volatile fraction was introduced directly into a gas chromatograph. In all, 30 compounds were identified from fish samples with mass spectrometry. The most abundant compounds in the fresh Baltic herrings were heptadecane and 1-heptadecene. When the fish were stored for 3-6 days at 6 degrees C, the total peak area of the volatiles began to increase and the proportions of short chain acids (acetic, propanoic, 2-methylpropanoic, and 3-methylbutanoic) also increased. After 8-9 days of storage, 3-methylbutanoic acid comprised about 36 and 40% of all volatiles in raw and baked herring, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: Cato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brede
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kallio
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis; D005399:Fishes; D005519:Food Preservation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011422:Propionates / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D002087:Butyrates; D011422:Propionates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C016486:heptadecane; D019342:Acetic Acid