title: A controlled trial of buprenorphine treatment for opium dependence: the first experience from Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a 4 mg/day sublingual dose of buprenorphine in the maintenance treatment of opium dependence in comparison with a 1 mg/day dose over an 18-week treatment period. As a secondary objective, the results were determined concurrently for subjects treated with a 2 mg/day dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were assigned randomly to three dosage groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  330 consecutive (320 men and 10 women) opium addicts who met the DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence and were seeking treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received a 1, 2 or 4 mg/day dose of buprenorphine and were treated in an outpatient clinic where they also received a weekly 1-hour clinical counseling session.
  
  
  METHODS
  Addiction Severity Index, retention in treatment, and illegal opioid use as determined by random urine testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 37.5 years (SD=11.4, range 19-72). Overall, 194 (58.8%) of the patients completed the 18 week study. Completion rates by dosage groups were 47.3% for the 1 mg group, 58.2% for the 2 mg group and 70.9% for the 4 mg group (chi(2)=12.7, df=2, P=0.0017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine for opium addiction and suggest that an adequate dose of buprenorphine would help to increase the success rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1416, Shiraz, Iran. jamshid_ahmadi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009892:Opium
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D002047:Buprenorphine; D009892:Opium