title: A small RNA in testis and brain: implications for male germ cell development.
abstract: BC1 RNA, a small non-coding RNA polymerase III transcript, is selectively targeted to dendritic domains of a subset of neurons in the rodent nervous system. It has been implicated in the regulation of local protein synthesis in postsynaptic microdomains. The gene encoding BC1 RNA has been suggested to be a master gene for repetitive ID elements that are found interspersed throughout rodent genomes. A prerequisite for the generation of repetitive elements through retroposition and subsequent transmission in the germline is expression of the master gene RNA in germ cells. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated expression of BC1 RNA in murine male germ cells. We report that BC1 RNA is expressed at substantial levels in a subset of male germ cells. Results from cell fractionation experiments, developmental analysis, and northern and in situ hybridization showed that the RNA was expressed in pre-meiotic spermatogonia, with particularly high amounts in syncytial ensembles of cells that are primed for synchronous spermatogenic differentiation. BC1 RNA continued to be expressed in spermatocytes, but expression levels decreased during further spermatogenic development, and low or negligible amounts of BC1 RNA were identified in round and elongating spermatids. The combined data indicate that BC1 RNA operates in groups of interconnected germ cells, including spermatogonia, where it may function in the mediation of translational control. At the same time, the identification of BC1 RNA in germ cells provides essential support for the hypothesis that repetitive ID elements in rodent genomes arose from the BC1 RNA gene through retroposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Ilham A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Muslimov
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brosius
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakeri
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiedge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C117734:BC1 RNA; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic