title: A population-based study of daily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between daily use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 50- to 79-year-old white men randomly selected in January 1990 from the Olmsted County, Minnesota, community (n=1362) from among participants in a longitudinal study of lower urinary tract symptoms. At the beginning of the study, all medications that were used daily, including prescription and nonprescription NSAIDs, were ascertained by trained interviewers. Men who developed a histologically proved diagnosis of prostate cancer during a median of 66 months (maximum, 6 years) of follow-up were identified from a complete review of the community medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three (4%) of 569 NSAID users and 68 (9%) of 793 nonusers developed prostate cancer during follow-up (P=.001). The relative odds of prostate cancer were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.73) in NSAID users compared with nonusers. This inverse association with NSAID use increased with increasing age at study onset. Thus, the relative odds of prostate cancer among NSAID users were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-2.2) in men aged 50 to 59 years, 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2-0.8) in men aged 60 to 69 years, and 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1-0.5) in men aged 70 to 79 years compared with similarly aged men who did not use NSAIDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings suggest that daily use of NSAIDs may be associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer in men aged 60 years or older. The stronger effect among older men suggests that NSAIDs may prevent the progression of prostate cancer from latent to clinical disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Rosebud O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Girman
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001706:Biopsy; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D019992:Databases as Topic; D018450:Disease Progression; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012042:Registries; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen