title: French translation and validation of 3 functional disability scales for neck pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate and assess the reliability and the construct validity of 3 functional disability scales for neck pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliability and validity study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care teaching hospital and outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred one patients (mean age, 49 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  French translations were obtained by using the "translation-backward translation" method. Adaptations were made after a pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Impairment outcome measures (visual analog scale [VAS] pain, neck range of motion, morning stiffness, score of neck sensitivity, radiologic score of Kellgren) and patients' perceived handicap (VAS) were recorded at the baseline visit. Three functional disability scales (Neck Disability Index [NDI], Neck Pain and Disability Scale [NPDS], Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire [NPQ]) were recorded twice, at baseline visit and 24 hours later. Reliability was assessed by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland and Altman method. Construct (convergent and divergent) validity was investigated by using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and a factor analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest was excellent for the NPDS and NDI (ICC =.91,.93, respectively) and good for the NPQ (ICC =.84). The Bland and Altman method showed no systematic trend. Expected convergent and divergent validity were observed only for the NPDS; 3 main factors were extracted by factor analysis and explained 78% of the cumulative variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 translated scales are valid, but the NPDS seems to have the best construct validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wlodyka-Demaille
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poiraudeau
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Catanzariti
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rannou
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fermanian
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Revel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000145:classification* / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations