title: The patient with chronic epididymitis: characterization of an enigmatic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We provide a baseline description of men diagnosed with chronic epididymitis, explore relevant associations that may be important etiological factors and suggest a classification system and specific symptom assessment tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men diagnosed with chronic epididymitis, described as symptoms of discomfort or pain at least 3 months in duration in the scrotum, testicle or epididymis localized to 1 or each epididymis on clinical examination, completed an extensive specific clinical inventory questionnaire. Evaluation included demographics, preceding and concurrent clinical history, duration since diagnosis, associated and previous clinical associations, frequency and severity of prostatitis, voiding and sexual symptoms, specific and general quality of life, and history of investigation and/or treatment for the condition. Volunteers with no past or concurrent history of chronic epididymitis completed similar clinical inventory questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 consecutive men 21 to 83 years old (average age 46) diagnosed with chronic epididymitis who had an average symptom duration of 4.9 years (range 0.25 to 29) were enrolled in the study. The average pain score plus or minus standard deviation was 4.7 +/- 2.1 (range 0 to 10). Of the men 16% were reasonably satisfied with their quality of life. Although 66% of the patients thought about the symptoms some or a lot, in only 30% did symptoms keep them from doing the kinds of things that they would usually do. The most common previous therapies recollected by the patients were antibiotics (74%) and anti-inflammatory agents (36%). At the time of the survey 26% of the men were on some type of pain medication. There were no significant epidemiological, sexual, medical or associated factors that differentiated patients with chronic epididymitis from the 20 controls. A chronic epididymitis classification system (inflammatory, obstructive and epididymalgia) and a symptom assessment index based on assessing pain and quality of life-impact was developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This comprehensive clinical survey of men diagnosed with chronic epididymitis is the first step for defining and characterizing this particular population. Development of a classification system and symptom assessment index may direct further studies in the etiology, epidemiology and management of chronic epididymitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J Curtis
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: D Robert
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Siemens
authors.forename: Kyle R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome