title: Bronchoscopy and needle biopsy techniques for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The individual therapeutic approach and prognosis depends on accurate diagnosis and staging. Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) and transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) are the most widely used techniques for this purpose. This article provides a critical overview of indications, diagnostic yield, and limitations of bronchoscopy and TNB in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: Prasoon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Alejandro C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Arroliga
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Matthay
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging