title: Treatment of the athlete with multidirectional shoulder instability.
abstract: Treatment of multidirectional instability in the athlete continues to be a challenging problem. Nonoperative treatment remains the initial treatment of choice in most athletes. However, some patients will fail nonoperative treatment and might require operative intervention. An open capsular shift procedure is indicated in nonoverhead athletes, most contact athletes and in most revision situations. However, the advances in thermal treatment of the capsule have made arthroscopic electrothermal capsulorrhaphy increasingly attractive as an alternative to the open approach for the primary treatment of multidirectional instability. Longer follow-ups will be necessary before definitive statements can be made regarding the arthroscopic techniques.
authors.affiliation: Shoulder and Elbow Service, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Prickett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prymka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000293:injuries; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018579:Patient Selection; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012307:Risk Factors; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed