title: Lithium blocks the PKB and GSK3 dephosphorylation induced by ceramide through protein phosphatase-2A.
abstract: The biochemical mechanism of apoptosis induced by ceramide remains still unclear, although it has been reported that dephosphorylation of PKB at Ser-473 may be a key event. In this article, we show that C(2)-ceramide (N-acetyl-sphingosine) induces the dephosphorylation of both protein kinase B (PKB) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in cerebellar granule cells (CGC). We also show that lithium protects against the apoptosis induced by C(2)-ceramide by blocking the dephosphorylation of both kinases. Since lithium inhibits in vivo the observed protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) activation induced by ceramide, we hypothesise that the neuroprotective action of lithium may be due to the inhibition of the PP2A activation by apoptotic stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain. almoraco@unex.es
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sabio
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Risco
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuenda
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Centeno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C064769:N-acetylsphingosine; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D008094:Lithium; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D013110:Sphingosine