title: Levels of stilbene oligomers and astilbin in French varietal wines and in grapes during noble rot development.
abstract: Phenolics from grapes and wines can play a role against oxidation and development of atherosclerosis. Stilbenes have been shown to have cancer chemopreventive activity and to protect lipoproteins from oxidative damage. A method for the direct determination of stilbene oligomers (viniferin and pallidol) as well as astilbin in different types of wine using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection is described. In a survey of 21 commercial wines from the south of France, levels of pallidol and viniferin are reported for the first time in different types of wines. Viniferin was found to be present only in red and botrytized sweet white wines with levels between 0.1 and 1.63 mg/L; pallidol was not found in dry and sweet white wines but only in wines made by maceration with stems, with levels between 0.38 and 2.22 mg/L. Highest levels of astilbin were found in Egiodola (15.13 mg/L), Merlot (11.61 mg/L), and Cabernet Sauvignon (8.24 mg/L) for red wines and in Sauvignon (5.04 mg/L) for white varietal wines. Astilbin levels are highest for recent vintages, but pallidol is not found in older vintages. During noble rot development in Sauvignon or Sémillon grapes from the Sauternes area, levels of trans-astringin, trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, and pallidol are quite low (<0.5 mg/kg of grapes). Viniferin and astilbin levels become optimum at 2 and 30 mg/kg, respectively, during spot grape and speckle grape stages.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Oenologie et Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Université de Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Landrault
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larronde
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Delaunay
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castagnino
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vercauteren
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Merillon
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gasc
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cros
authors.forename: Pierre-Louis
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Teissedre
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D044948:Flavonols; D005602:France; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000032:analysis*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D013267:Stilbenes; C099069:astilbin