title: Quantitative studies of bone in postmenopausal women using (18)F-fluoride and (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate.
abstract: Quantitative radionuclide studies of bone using the short-lived tracers (18)F-fluoride and (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) are an alternative method to biochemical markers of bone turnover for investigating the dynamic state of the skeleton. In this study we evaluated their use to quantify bone turnover in women receiving antiresorptive therapy compared with that of untreated control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were 69 healthy postmenopausal women. Twenty-six women were receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and 43 were untreated age-matched control subjects. After bolus injection of (18)F-fluoride (1 MBq), (99m)Tc-MDP (1 MBq), (51)Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (3 MBq), and (125)I-labeled human serum albumin (0.25 MBq), multiple blood samples and urine collections were taken between 0 and 4 h. The clearance to bone mineral K(bone) was first evaluated using the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) on the assumption that the rate constant k(4) for the outflow of tracer from bone was negligibly small. AUC values of K(bone) were then compared with those found using a compartmental model method that allowed k(4) to be fitted as a free parameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the AUC method the mean plus minus SD for K(bone) for the 2 tracers were: (18)F-fluoride, 61.8 plus minus 12.0 mL center dot min(-1) (HRT group) versus 67.2 plus minus 12.6 mL center dot min(-1) (control group) (P = 0.045); and (99m)Tc-MDP, 40.3 plus minus 8.2 mL center dot min(-1) (HRT group) versus 44.2 plus minus 7.6 mL center dot min(-1) (control group) (P = 0.024). Values for the 2 tracers in individual patients were moderately well correlated (r = 0.76; P < 0.001). Using the compartmental model method, k(4) for (18)F-fluoride was shown to lie in the range 0--0.0025 min(-1) with a best-fit value of 0.0018 min(-1). Values of K(bone) determined using k(4) = 0.0018 min(-1) were highly correlated with the AUC values (r = 0.989; SEE = 2.05 mL center dot min(-1)) with numeric values that were larger by a factor of 1.53. Analysis of the (99m)Tc-MDP data was more difficult because of uncertainties in protein binding in the extracellular fluid compartment space. The best fit for k(4) was in the range 0.0010--0.0014 min(-1) with values of K(bone) similar to those found using the AUC method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Values of K(bone) determined using the AUC method were able to differentiate between HRT-treated women and postmenopausal women who were not treated and were highly correlated with those determined using a compartmental model method with nonzero values of k(4).
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. glen.blake@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Glen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: So-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park-Holohan
authors.forename: Ignac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fogelman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D004492:Edetic Acid; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate
chemical_list: D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005459:Fluorides; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate