Assisted reproduction and reproductive rights: the case of in vitro fertilization.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) have become widely accepted as therapy for a wide array of fertility problems and accompanied by the rapid expansion of clinics that provide full range of ARTs. Although these technologies undoubtedly offer benefits for some individuals, they raise important questions over reproductive rights to safe and effective treatment as well as access. This article analyzes current data concerning the safety, effectiveness, and cost of IVF. It concludes that IVF and related techniques have been transformed too rapidly and easily from experimental to therapy status, despite evidence that suggests considerable caution is warranted. Unfortunately, the widespread diffusion of IVF has preceded rather than followed firm evidence of its value in extending the reproductive rights of women and couples. Resources might better be directed toward prevention of fertility problems and discovering the causes of infertility.
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University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. pols049@csc.canterbury.ac.nz
D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D005380:Financing, Government; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D038622:Internationality; D018579:Patient Selection; D011247:Pregnancy; D018607:Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D012098:Reproduction; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects; D012847:Single Person; D035703:Therapies, Investigational; D016896:Treatment Outcome