title: Forearm bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Osteoporosis in cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is multifactorial, and the pathogenesis of bone loss induced by RA in postmenopausal women is not fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to determine the factors that affect forearm bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with RA. In total, 839 postmenopausal women aged 46-90 years, were enrolled in the study; 470 patients with RA and 369 healthy controls (CON). Forearm (distal radius) BMD, measured by DXA using a DTX-200 (Osteometer, MediTech, CA, USA), was significantly lower in the RA group than in the CON group (P < 0.0001), even when adjusted for age, height, body weight, body mass index, and years since menopause (YSM) (P < 0.01). On multiple regression analysis, in the CON group, age and YSM were significantly correlated with BMD (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). On the other hand, in the RA group, in addition to YSM, anatomic grade in the wrist, modified health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) score for the upper extremities, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were each significantly correlated with BMD (P < 0.0001, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas functional class, duration of disease, dose of prednisolone used, modified HAQ score for the lower extremities, and the levels of c-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor were not. The present study with a large number of subjects shows that in addition to YSM, disuse (anatomic grade) of the wrist, arm function, and disease activity appear to be significant determinants of forearm BMD in postmenopausal women with RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichimura
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014953:Wrist / Q000503:physiopathology