title: High glucose dialysis solutions increase synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factors by peritoneal vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased peritoneal vasculature has been reported in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) have been found in dialysate. High concentrations of glucose or lactate, glucose degradation products (GDPs), and low pH of dialysis solutions are all possible factors in increased peritoneal VEGF synthesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of high glucose dialysis solutions on VEGF synthesis by peritoneal vascular endothelial cells (PVECs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The PVECs were isolated from rat omentum and were incubated for 4 hours in three different culture media [M199 media (control), conventional dialysis solutions containing 4.25% glucose diluted with an equal volume of M199 media (HGD), and M199 media containing 118 mmol/L mannitol as an osmolar control (mannitol)]. Levels of VEGF protein in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA, and mRNA expression was determined by Northern blot analysis. Data are presented as percent of control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After incubation for 4 hours, the number of cells did not differ between the 3 groups. Levels of VEGF in culture supernatant were significantly higher in the HGD group (124% +/- 19%, p = 0.006) as compared with the control and mannitol (85% +/- 10%) groups. The mRNA expression of VEGF appeared to be higher in the HGD group (128% +/- 49%) than in the control and mannitol (94% +/- 18%) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High glucose dialysis solutions increased VEGF synthesis by PVECs. The relationship between VEGF synthesis by PVECs and neovascularization of the peritoneum observed in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients has to be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schaub
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Passlick-Deetjen
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000098:blood supply*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D008353:Mannitol; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D005947:Glucose