title: A critical approach to nutritional assessment in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nutritional assessment enhances quality of nutritional care, however, its practice bemuses professionals. This prospective study aimed to identify a feasible/informative nutritional parameter in intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  44 patients (APACHE II: 23.8+/-10.1), age 58.4+/-18.6 years, were evaluated at admission: clinical data, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), tricep skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), albumin, total protein and lymphocyte count. Anthropometric parameters' performance was evaluated isolated or assembled according to Blackburn and McWhirter criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oedema increased %IW and BMI (P<0.01); muscle depletion was frequent and agreed with MAC or MAMC ranked by both criteria, P=0.02. %IW and BMI overestimated well-nourished/overweight patients, whilst arm anthropometry, mostly MAC/MAMC, shifted towards +/-50% malnutrition. Patients were not equally ranked by both criteria; McWhirter's by using percentiles clarified the distribution and showed agreement between MAC and MAMC, P=0.007, unlike Blackburn's. Mortality was higher in patients with MAC<5th percentile, P=0.003; MAC;<15th percentile was able to predict mortality and major complications. In invasive ventilated patients, severe muscle depletion was associated with mortality, P=0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In intensive care most nutritional assessment methods are useless; MAC is simple, feasible and if classified by percentiles may prove functional with prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Nutrition and Metabolism FMUL, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravasco
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Camilo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gouveia-Oliveira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brum
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial