title: sCD31/sPECAM-1 levels in breast milk and sera of mother-infant pairs in the early postpartum period.
abstract: Immunomediators seem to have a central role in the immune system of both human milk and newborn infants. CD31/PECAM-1 is an adhesion molecule, member of Ig gene superfamily, mediating cell-cell adhesion in both homophilic and heterophilic ways. Levels of the soluble form of PECAM-1 (sPECAM-1) were evaluated on the 2nd and 5th day postpartum in breast milk and serum paired samples from 20 lactating women as well as in time-matched serum from their single, term, healthy neonates. Concentrations of sPECAM-1 in breast milk (median, range) on both the 2nd (2.05 ng/ml, 0.0-7.2) and 5th day postpartum (0.89 ng/ml, 0.0-3.6) were about 10 and 20 times lower than those (mean +/- SD) in controls (healthy adults) (19.83 +/- 5.17, p<7 x 10(-8)), showing a significant fall from the 2nd to the 5th day postpartum (p<0.0005). Maternal serum sPECAM-1 values (mean +/- SD) were significantly lower on the 2nd day postpartum (14.21 +/- 5.15 ng/ml) than those in controls (p<0.002), but reached control values on the 5th day postpartum after a significant rise (p<0.0075). Neonatal serum sPECAM-1 values with no significant difference between the 2nd (14.4 +/- 4.11 ng/ml) and 5th day of life (14.54 +/- 4.99 ng/ml) were significantly lower than those in controls (p<0.002). Values of sPECAM-1 in milk and sera of lactating mothers and their neonates on the 2nd day postpartum depended on the mode of delivery, being significantly lower after caesarean section (p<0.034, p<0.0075 and p<0.035, respectively). In conclusion, our findings in the early postpartum period demonstrate that: (a) sPECAM-1 is present in human milk in low and decreasing concentrations; (b) the shedding of sPECAM-1 is an established component of the neonatal immune system from birth, though in lower concentrations than in adults, possibly reflecting its immaturity; and (c) the mode of delivery has a significant effect on sPECAM-1 values in milk and sera of lactating mothers and their neonates; the lower values after caesarean section may reveal a deranged endothelial homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece. ormonol@aretaieio.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Galini
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannaki
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rizos
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xyni
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarandakou
authors.forename: Iphigenia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Phocas
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Creatsas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1