Positive and negative regulation of T-cell activation by adaptor proteins.
Adaptor proteins, molecules that mediate intermolecular interactions, are now known to be as crucial for lymphocyte activation as are receptors and effectors. Extensive work from numerous laboratories has identified and characterized many of these adaptors, demonstrating their roles as both positive and negative regulators. Studies into the molecular basis for the actions of these molecules shows that they function in various ways, including: recruitment of positive or negative regulators into signalling networks, modulation of effector function by allosteric regulation of enzymatic activity, and by targeting other proteins for degradation. This review will focus on a number of adaptors that are important for lymphocyte function and emphasize the various ways in which these proteins carry out their essential roles.
Koretzky
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Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA. koretzky@mail.med.upenn.edu
Myung
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D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018448:Models, Immunological; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C110810:LAT protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C092947:SLP-76 signal Transducing adaptor proteins