title: Urinary free cortisol and childhood trauma in cocaine dependent adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether childhood trauma may have a relationship to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function as an adult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six withdrawn cocaine dependent patients participated in 24-h urine collections for determination of urinary-free cortisol (UFC) and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a mean UFC output below the median had significantly higher CTQ scores for childhood sexual abuse than patients with UFC outputs above the median. Multiple regression analysis showed that both childhood emotional neglect and sexual abuse were independently associated with UFC outputs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cross sectional data, in a sample of middle-aged cocaine dependent patients, suggest the possibility that childhood trauma may have an effect on HPA axis function and thus predispose to psychiatric disorders. Further studies are needed in different samples.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service 116A, Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA. alec.roy@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000652:urine*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone