Behavioral, psycho-physiological and salivary cortisol modifications after short-term alprazolam treatment in patients with recent myocardial infarction.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine the behavioral and physiological effects of the central nervous system depressant alprazolam on a group of cardiac patients.


METHODS
Immediately after hospital discharge, the Crown and Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI) was administered, the salivary cortisol was detected and a psycho-physiological profile was recorded in 52 subjects who had suffered from myocardial infarction. Half of the subjects represented the experimental group and the remaining 26 individuals acted as a control group not undergoing treatment. The benzodiazepine alprazolam (0.25 mg) was administered twice daily to the treated group only. With the exception of the administration of the drug, all recruited subjects underwent the same clinical evaluation.


RESULTS
The CCEI data of the treated group showed significant decreases for the following scales: free floating anxiety (p < 0.001), phobic anxiety (p < 0.01), somatic complaints (p < 0.05), and depression (p < 0.01). In the same group, with regard to the physiological parameters, the skin conductance response significantly decreased during the baseline phase (p < 0.01), and almost all parameters showed decreased values during mental stress test administration. Cortisol levels also decreased during the recovery phase of the psycho-physiological profile assessment.


CONCLUSIONS
Alprazolam seems to be able to reduce sympathetic discharge and some stress-related behavioral and physiological responses. This could be of benefit for selected cardiac patients for whom increases in sympathetic tone may constitute a risk factor.
Pruneti
Carlo
C
Clinical Psychology Center, Children and Adolescents Neuropsychiatric Department, S. Chiara University Hospital, Italy. carlo.pruneti@unipr.it
Giusti
Mariarosa
M
Boem
Adriano
A
Luisi
Michele
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011580:Psychological Techniques; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D000525:Alprazolam