title: A model for evaluating physico-chemical substance properties required by consequence analysis models.
abstract: Modeling systems for analyzing the consequences of chemical emergencies require as input values a number of physico-chemical substance properties, commonly as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure. This paper presents a mathematical model "CHEMIC", which can be used for evaluating such substance properties, assuming that six basic constant quantities are available (molecular weight, freezing or melting point, normal boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure and critical volume). The model has been designed to yield reasonably accurate numerical predictions, while at the same time keeping the amount of input data to a minimum. The model is based on molecular theory or thermodynamics, together with empirical corrections. Mostly, model equations are based on the so-called law of corresponding states. The model evaluates substance properties as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure. These include seven properties commonly required by consequence analysis and heavy gas dispersion modeling systems: vapor pressure, vapor and liquid densities, heat of vaporization, vapor and liquid viscosities and binary diffusion coefficient. The model predictions for vapor pressure, vapor and liquid densities and heat of vaporization have been evaluated by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. We have also compared the predictions of the CHEMIC model with those of the DATABANK database (developed by the AEA Technology, UK), which includes detailed semi-empirical correlations. The computer program CHEMIC could be easily introduced into consequence analysis modeling systems in order to extend their performance to address a wider selection of substances.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN 00810 Helsinki, Finland. juha.nikmo@fmi.fi
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nikmo
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kukkonen
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riikonen
mesh_terms: D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005544:Forecasting; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012984:Software; D013696:Temperature; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances