title: Particulate air pollution and hospital admissions in Christchurch, New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Winter air pollution in Christchurch is dominated by particulate matter from solid fuel domestic heating. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between particulate air pollution and admissions to hospital with cardio-respiratory illnesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Particulate air pollution statistics (PM10) were obtained from the Canterbury Regional Council monitoring station in the city. The New Zealand Health Information Service provided data on admissions to the Princess Margaret and Christchurch Hospitals for the period June 1988 through December 1998 for both adults and children with cardiac and respiratory disorders. The relationship between PM10 and admissions was explored using a time series analysis approach controlling for weather variables. Missing values were interpolated from carbon monoxide data for the same time period, as carbon monoxide and PM10 were highly correlated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant association between PM10 levels and cardio-respiratory admissions. For all age groups combined there was a 3.37% increase in respiratory admissions for each interquartile rise in PM10 (interquartile value 14.8 mcg/m3). There was also a 1.26% rise in cardiac admissions for each interquartile rise in PM10. There was no relationship between PM10 and admissions for appendicitis, the control condition selected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In keeping with overseas studies, there is evidence in Christchurch of a relationship between ambient particulate levels and admissions with cardiac and respiratory illnesses. The size of the effect is consistent with overseas data, with the greatest impact for respiratory disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that measures to control ambient particulate levels have the potential to reduce hospital admissions for cardio-respiratory illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hider
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chacko
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Town
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014504:Urban Health