title: An association between the CTLA4 exon 1 polymorphism and early rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune endocrinopathies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the allelic association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (CTLA4A/G) in exon 1 of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) gene with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-three unrelated white probands with early RA from the north-east of England and 349 local ethnically matched controls were studied. The CTLA4A/G polymorphism was genotyped with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and digestion with the restriction enzyme Bst71I. Probands were also screened by allele-specific PCR for alleles HLA DRB1*01 and DRB1*04.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the G allele at CTLA4A/G was significantly increased in probands with early RA compared with controls [43 vs 36%; P=0.028, odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.82]. Most of this increased frequency was attributable to RA individuals with coexisting autoimmune thyroid disease or type 1 diabetes (58 vs 36% in controls; P=0.005, OR 2.50, CI 1.29-4.84). The frequency of the G allele in RA patients without autoimmune endocrinopathy was 40%, which was not significantly different from that in controls (P=0.140).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between the CTLA4 G allele and early RA is largely explained by individuals with RA who have coexisting autoimmune endocrinopathies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: S H S
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rowan
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kendall-Taylor
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Cawston
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Young-Min
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011859:Radiography; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000069594:Abatacept