title: The epidemiology of Candida glabrata and Candida albicans fungemia in immunocompromised patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Candida glabrata is an increasing cause of candidemia, especially at cancer and bone marrow transplant centers where fluconazole is used for antifungal prophylaxis. This yeast is less susceptible to fluconazole in vitro than is Candida albicans. We compared the characteristics of patients who had C. glabrata and C. albicans candidemia at a large cancer center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the microbiological laboratory reports and identified 116 cases of C. glabrata candidemia between 1993 and 1999. The 116 cases of C. albicans candidemia that occurred most closely in time (before or after each case of C. glabrata candidemia) served as the control group. Data were collected from patients' medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with patients who had C. albicans infection, patients with C. glabrata candidemia more often had an underlying hematologic malignancy (68 [59%] vs. 26 [22%], P = 0.0001), had an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score > or =16 (55 [48%] vs. 28 [25%], P = 0.0002), and received fluconazole prophylaxis (57 [49%] vs. 8 [7%], P = 0.0001). Patients with C. albicans candidemia more often had concomitant infections (101 [87%] vs. 78 [67%], P = 0.0003) and septic thrombophlebitis (11 [10%] vs. 2 [2%], P = 0.01). Among patients treated with antifungal therapy, those with C. albicans candidemia had a significantly greater overall response to therapy (83/104 [80%] vs. 60/97 [62%], P = 0.005) and to primary therapy (74/104 [71%] vs. 45/97 [46%], P = 0.0003). Amphotericin B preparations were not more effective than fluconazole (19/45 [42%] vs. 20/38 [53%], P = 0.5) in patients with C. glabrata candidemia. Fluconazole was less effective against C. glabrata than against C. albicans (20/38 [53%] vs. 57/74 [77%], P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. glabrata has emerged as an important cause of candidemia, especially among neutropenic patients who receive fluconazole prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bodey
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardani
authors.forename: Hend A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boktour
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Essam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girgawy
authors.forename: Ray Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Hachem
authors.forename: Dimitrios P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kontoyiannis
authors.forename: Issam I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Raad
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016469:Fungemia / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole