title: Reduction of immunogenicity by cyclophosphamide pretreatment and culture on xenograft survival of monkey pancreatic islets transplanted into rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Islet cell transplantation offers a new approach for the treatment of diabetes. Before transplantation, immunomodulation procedures are conducted to reduce the immunogenicity of the pancreatic islets.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of cyclophosphamide pretreatment and culture on the xenograft survival of monkey pancreatic islets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Islets were isolated from normal monkeys and transplanted under the renal capsule of the rats. The grafts were removed 7 days after transplantation and processed for histologic study to examine graft survival. Islets from normal monkeys without cyclosporine treatment were destroyed in 7 days. These islets required cyclosporine (30 mg/kg) to prevent rejection. In the second group, the donor monkeys were treated with cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg body weight) -4 and -2 days before harvesting of the islets. On day 0, the islets were isolated and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium for 7 days in 95% air and 5% CO2. After culture, the islets were transplanted into the rats. The grafts were removed and processed for histologic study to examine graft survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pretreated and cultured islets required 15 mg/kg cyclosporine to prevent rejection. Half of the usual dose of cyclosporine is enough to prevent rejection if the donor monkeys were pretreated and the islets cultured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that donor pretreatment and culture reduces immunogenicity of the xenotransplanted primate islets into rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M Daisy
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mythili
authors.forename: Banumathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunasekaran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D008255:Macaca radiata; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007328:Insulin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide