title: Does hospice have a role in nursing home care at the end of life?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the possible benefits and challenges of hospice involvement in nursing home care by comparing the survival and needs for palliative care of hospice patients in long-term care facilities with those living in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of computerized clinical care records.
  
  
  METHODS
  A metropolitan nonprofit hospice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 1,692 patients were searched, and 1,142 patients age 65 and older were identified. Of these, 167 lived in nursing homes and 975 lived in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient characteristics, needs for palliative care, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of enrollment, nursing home residents were more likely to have a Do Not Resuscitate order (90% vs 73%; P < .001) and a durable power of attorney for health care (22% vs 10%; P < .001) than were those living in the community. Nursing home residents also had different admitting diagnoses, most notably a lower prevalence of cancer (44% vs 74%; P < .032). Several needs for palliative care were less common among nursing home residents, including constipation (1% vs 5%; P = .02), pain (25% vs 41%; P < .001), and anticipatory grief (1% vs 9%; P < .001). Overall, nursing home residents had fewer needs for care (median 0, range 0-3 vs median 1, range 0-5; rank sum test P < .001). Nursing home residents had a significantly shorter survival (median 11 vs 19 days; log rank test of survivor functions P < .001) and were less likely to withdraw from hospice voluntarily (8% vs 14%; P = .03). However, there was no difference in the likelihood of becoming ineligible during hospice enrollment (6% for both groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that hospices identify needs for palliative care in a substantial proportion of nursing home residents who are referred to hospice, although nursing home residents may have fewer identifiable needs for care than do community-dwelling older people. However, the finding that nursing home residents' survival is shorter may be of concern to hospices that are considering partnerships with nursing homes. An increased emphasis on hospice care in nursing homes should be accompanied by targeted educational efforts to encourage early referral.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, and Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Casarett
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hirschman
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006738:Hospices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data