title: Low-dose esterified estrogens (0.3 mg/day): long-term and short-term effects on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the impact of low-dose unopposed esterified estrogens on menopausal symptoms and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a long-term, 2-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 204 postmenopausal women were treated with esterified estrogens 0.3 mg daily or placebo. Menopausal symptoms were assessed with a modified Kupperman index at baseline, 3, 6 and thereafter every 6 months. In a second 12-week, open-label, short-term pilot study, 25 postmenopausal women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms were treated with esterified estrogens 0.3 mg daily for 12 weeks. Vasomotor symptoms and quality of life were assessed using the Greene scale and Quality of Life Menopause Scale (QUALMS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the long-term study, significant (p < 0.05) reductions in total symptom scores were observed at each time point with esterified estrogens compared with placebo. Somatic symptom scores (hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness) decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in patients treated with esterified estrogens 0.3 mg compared to baseline and placebo. In the short-term, open-label pilot study, the incidence of vasomotor symptoms was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced with esterified estrogens 0.3 mg from week 4 until the study end. Significant (p < 0.05) improvements versus baseline were seen in the somatic and vasomotor/sleep domains and in the total quality-of-life score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esterified estrogens 0.3 mg given daily provide adequate menopausal symptom relief and improved quality of life in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Rebar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trabal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mortola
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004857:Equilin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004970:Estrone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D017698:Postmenopause; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013546:Sweating; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D004857:Equilin; D004970:Estrone; C037875:equilin sulfate