title: Silicone breast implants: correlation between implant ruptures, magnetic resonance spectroscopically estimated silicone presence in the liver, antibody status and clinical symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of implant integrity on clinical symptoms and antibody status in women with silicone breast implants (SBIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety consecutive women were examined by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the integrity of their silicone breast implants. The presence of silicone in the liver was estimated by (1)H localized stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Results were correlated with patients' complaints, as evaluated by a standardized questionnaire, physical examination by a rheumatologist and antibody screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast MRI revealed defects in 24 patients (26.6%); in 13 (54.2%) of these women, silicone was detected in the liver by MRS. Of the 66 patients with MRI-estimated intact implants, 15 (22.7%) had apparent silicone in their liver, arguing for gel bleeding. Clinically, two patients had had rheumatoid arthritis before SBIs, whereas the other patients revealed no typical symptoms of arthritis or connective tissue disease (CTD). The patients with MRS evidence of silicone in the liver had no statistically significant differences in their complaints with the exception of the most frequent symptom, tingling/numbness of the fingers (82.1 vs 51.6%, P=0.006). A positive pattern of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was obtained in 13 of the 28 MRS-positive patients (46.4%) and in 15 of the 62 MRS-negative patients (24.2%, P=0.033). However, in only one of these 28 ANA-positive patients was a specific weak antibody titre against SS-A detected by ELISA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implant integrity has no major impact on rheumatic symptoms of women with SBIs. This finding supports the standpoint that silicone does not cause either a specific CTD or any other distinct disease entity. However, the moderately increased incidences of ANA-positivity and neuropathy-associated symptoms require explanation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaubitz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackisch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Domschke
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heindel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfleiderer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D012828:Silicones