title: Freezing rate affects the survival of a short-term freezing stress in Panagrolaimus davidi, an Antarctic nematode that survives intracellular freezing.
abstract: The ability of the Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus davidi to survive a short-term freezing stress depended upon the rate of freezing of its surroundings, measured as the duration of the sample exotherm. The freezing rate increased as the sample volume and freezing temperature decreased and resulted in fewer nematodes surviving. This appears to be due to the greater risk of physical damage by ice crystal growth at high freezing rates. Once frozen the nematodes will then survive exposure to lower temperatures. The environment of the nematode is likely to produce the slow rate of freezing of its surroundings that is necessary for its survival.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. david.wharton@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D005615:Freezing; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors