title: Retention of basic life support skills 6 months after training with an automated voice advisory manikin system without instructor involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the retention of skills 6 months after training in ventilation and chest compressions (CPR) on a manikin with computer based on-line voice advisory feedback and the possible effects of initial overtraining.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty five volunteers had 20 min provisional CPR training on a manikin with computer based voice advisory feedback but without an instructor. The appropriate feedback was taken from a pre-recorded list depending on performance measured by the manikin--computer system versus set limits for ventilation and compression variables. One group in addition was randomised to receive 10 similar 3 min training sessions during 1 week in the following month (overtrained group). All ventilation and compression variables were measured without feedback before and after the initial training session, with feedback immediately thereafter, and both without and with feedback 6 months after the initial training session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial training improved all variables. Compressions with correct depth increased from a mean of 33 to 77%, and correct inflations from a mean of 9 to 58%. After 6 months, the results for the controls were not significantly different from pre-training, except for a higher of correct inflations (18%), while the overtrained group had better retention of skills including the correct compression depth (mean 61%) and inflations (mean 42%). When verbal feedback was added both the compressions and ventilations immediately improved both when tested immediately and 6 months after the initial training session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The computer-based voice advisory manikin (VAM) feedback system can improve immediate performance of basic life support (BLS) skills, with better long-term retention with overtraining.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Competence in Emergency Medicine, Ulleval University Hospital, Kirkevn 166, N-0407, Oslo, Norway. lars@nakos.org
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wik
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Myklebust
authors.forename: Bjørn H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Auestad
authors.forename: Petter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Steen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006336:Heart Massage; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D012121:Respiration, Artificial