title: Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cellular proliferation index in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cytokine production and cellular proliferation index (CPI) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and their association with clinical variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross sectional study we compared the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-10 and CPI in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in PBMC of 27 patients with AS and 24 healthy controls. We also assessed clinical characteristics including disease activity index (BASDAI) and functional index (BASFI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of IL-1beta were higher in patients with AS (median 242 pg/ml) than in controls (median 65 pg/ml); p = 0.002. No differences were observed in median levels of TNF-alpha or IL-10 between AS and controls. Patients had a reduction in CPI (1.2 in AS vs 1.8 in controls; p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between IL-10 production and age (rho = 0.34, p = 0.01). A borderline negative correlation was observed between CPI and age (rho = -0.26, p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with AS had high production of IL-1beta compared with controls and a poor response in CPI. These findings may explain the lack of response for microbial antigens mediated by the innate immune response.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. bestvme@standford.edu
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Del Mercado
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Gonzalez
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Valle
authors.forename: Trinidad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garcia-Iglesias
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinez-Bonilla
authors.forename: Guislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernard-Medina
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Ortiz
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ornelas-Aguirre
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salazar-Paramo
authors.forename: Jorge I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gamez-Nava
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Lopez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10