title: Impairment of collateral formation in lipoprotein(a) transgenic mice: therapeutic angiogenesis induced by human hepatocyte growth factor gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, no study has documented the effects of Lp(a) on angiogenesis. In this study, we examined collateral formation in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) model in Lp(a) transgenic mice. In addition, we examined the feasibility of gene therapy by using an angiogenic growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to treat PAD in the presence of high Lp(a).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Lp(a) transgenic mice, the degree of natural recovery of blood flow after operation was significantly lower than that in nontransgenic mice. Of importance, there was a significant negative correlation between serum Lp(a) concentration and the degree of natural recovery of blood flow (P<0.05). In addition, Lp(a) significantly stimulated the growth of vascular smooth muscle, accompanied by the phosphorylation of ERK. These data demonstrated the association of impairment of collateral formation with serum Lp(a) concentration. Thus, we examined the feasibility of therapeutic angiogenesis by using HGF, with the goal of progression to human gene therapy. Intramuscular injection of HGF plasmid resulted in a significant increase in blood flow even in Lp(a) transgenic mice, accompanied by the detection of human HGF protein. A significant increase in capillary density also was detected in Lp(a) transgenic mice transfected with human HGF compared with control (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, a high serum Lp(a) concentration impaired collateral formation. Although the delay of angiogenesis in high serum Lp(a) might diminish angiogenesis, intramuscular injection of HGF plasmid induced therapeutic angiogenesis in the Lp(a) transgenic ischemic hindlimb mouse model as potential therapy for PAD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan. morishit@geriat.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Sota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Motokuni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lawn
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010957:Plasmids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases