title: Signaling and cell death in lymphocytes.
abstract: After activation, CD4 helper T (Th) cells differentiate into Th1 or Th2 effector cells. These two subsets produce distinct profiles of cytokines and regulate different immune responses. Here we discuss transcription factors and signaling pathways that are selectively expressed or activated in Th1 and Th2 cells to regulate cytokine gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA. richard.flavell@yale.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000502:physiology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases