title: Excessive reflexes in spinal cord injury triggered by electrical stimulation.
abstract: Interaction of electrocutaneous stimulation with an impaired human motor control system may result in unstable reflex loops causing excessive spastic reactions. These contractions are usually excluded from analysis since the presence of spasm is one of the criteria commonly applied for discarding a contraction. They may, however, provide interesting information on the nature of spasticity. The dorsiflexor muscles of four SCI subjects were activated by means of surface electrical stimulation and the isometric ankle moment was measured. Short bursts of constant stimulation frequency at seven different frequencies (8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 33, 50 Hz) triggered spastic reactions in all subjects. The onset times of spastic activity during an electrically elicited contraction shortened with increased stimulation frequency. A stimulation burst may also have a spasticity reduction effect on a subsequent burst, indicating potential short term therapeutic effects of stimulation on spasticity in isometric conditions.
authors.affiliation: Research School for Integrated Biomedical Technology (iBME)/(Chair of) Signals and Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. P.Mela@el.utwente.nl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mela
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Veltink
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Huijing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010243:Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D013035:Spasm / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy