title: Lithium side-effects and predictors of hypothyroidism in patients with bipolar disorder: sex differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of the side effects of lithium therapy and possible predictors of hypothyroidism in women and men with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two men and 38 women with bipolar disorder and taking lithium for at least 1 year, were interviewed about lithium side effects using a list of the most commonly reported symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complaint most frequently reported was polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, which affected 36 (60%) of 60 patients. More men than women reported tremor (54% v. 26%, p < 0.05), but weight gain during the first year of treatment was more frequent in women than men (47% v. 18%, p < 0.05), as was the development of clinical hypothyroidism (37% v. 9%, p < 0.05). Weight gain during the first year of treatment (and not sex) was the only significant predictor of hypothyroidism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight gain during the first year of lithium treatment, in the absence of biological evidence of subclinical hypothyroidism, was the most predictive and, possibly, the first sign of hypothyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, CH Charles Perrens and INSERM U-394, Neurobiologie Intégrative, Bordeaux, France. chantal.henry@bordeaux.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D016651:Lithium Carbonate