title: Time delays in ultrasound systems can result in fallacious measurements.
abstract: Even short time delays (less than 30 ms) in cardiac motion pattern may have clinical relevance. These delays can be measured with echocardiography, using techniques such as flow and tissue Doppler and M-mode together with external signals (e.g., ECG and phonocardiography). If one or more of these signals are delayed in relation to the other signals (asynchronous), an incorrect definition of cardiac time intervals can occur, the consequence of which is invalid measurement. To determine if this time delay in signal processing is a problem, we tested three common ultrasound (US) systems using the ECG as the reference signal. We used a digital ECG simulator and a Doppler string phantom to obtain test signals for flow and tissue pulsed Doppler, M-mode, phonocardiography, auxiliary and ECG signals. We found long time delays of up to 90 ms in one system, whereas delays were mostly short in the two other systems. The time delays varied relative to system settings. Consequently, to avoid these errors, precise knowledge of the characteristics of the system being used is essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden. andrew.walker@ltvastmanland.se
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wranne
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ringqvist
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ask
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013995:Time; D014159:Transducers; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation*