title: The phosphotyrosine binding-like domain of talin activates integrins.
abstract: Cellular regulation of the ligand binding affinity of integrin adhesion receptors (integrin activation) depends on the integrin beta cytoplasmic domains (tails). The head domain of talin binds to several integrin beta tails and activates integrins. This head domain contains a predicted FERM domain composed of three subdomains (F1, F2, and F3). An integrin-activating talin fragment was predicted to contain the F2 and F3 subdomains. Both isolated subdomains bound specifically to the integrin beta3 tail. However, talin F3 bound the beta3 tail with a 4-fold higher affinity than talin F2. Furthermore, expression of talin F3 (but not F2) in cells led to activation of integrin alpha(IIb)beta3. A molecular model of talin F3 indicated that it resembles a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain. PTB domains recognize peptide ligands containing beta turns, often formed by NPXY motifs. NPX(Y/F) motifs are highly conserved in integrin beta tails, and mutations that disrupt this motif interfere with both integrin activation and talin binding. Thus, integrin binding to talin resembles the interactions of PTB domains with peptide ligands. These resemblances suggest that the activation of integrins requires the presence of a beta turn at NPX(Y/F) motifs conserved in integrin beta cytoplasmic domains.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Calderwood
authors.forename: Boxu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Pereda
authors.forename: Begoña García
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Liddington
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002469:Cell Separation; D006224:Cricetinae; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016023:Integrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017510:Protein Folding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D016608:Talin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D016023:Integrins; D008024:Ligands; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016608:Talin; D019000:Phosphotyrosine