title: Preformulation studies for an ultrashort-acting neuromuscular blocking agent GW280430A. I. Buffer and cosolvent effects on the solution stability.
abstract: GW280430A is an ultrashort-acting neuromuscular blocking agent targeted at muscle relaxation to facilitate surgical intubation. The objective of this work was to study the buffer and cosolvent effects on the solution stability of GW280430A. The buffer catalytic effect was examined in citrate, malate, tartrate, and glycine by measuring the rate of degradation of GW280430A (0.2 mg/mL) at constant pH (3), ionic strength (0.15 M), and various buffer concentrations (0.01-0.05 M). The temperature dependence of the buffer catalytic effect and the degradation of the GW280430A in cosolvent (ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, N,N-dimethylacetamide)/water mixtures were studied at 40, 50, and 60 degrees C. The loss of parent drug was monitored by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The degradation of GW280430A followed first-order kinetics in all buffer solutions. Significant buffer-catalyzed hydrolysis of GW280430A was observed with citrate, tartrate, and malate buffers, but not in glycine-buffered solutions. The activation energies in all buffered drug solutions ranged from 70 to 80 kJ/mol and decreased with increasing buffer concentration. GW280430A degradation was primarily through ester hydrolysis and followed first-order kinetics in aqueous solutions. In cosolvent/water mixtures, new degradation products were observed, indicating a chemical reaction between GW280430A and cosolvents. The reaction activation energies in the cosolvent/water mixtures ranged from 75 to 85 kJ/mol, with the longest t(0.9) at 5 degrees C equal to approximately 12 months and at 25 degrees C equal to 36 days. Consideration should be given to the incorporation of glycine or a low concentration of citrate, malate, or tartrate buffer in the parenteral formulation development of GW280430A. Cosolvents prolonged the predicted t(0.9) for GW280430A in solution, but the enhancement was not significant enough to pursue a liquidformulation.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. hjz40534@gsk.com
authors.forename: Haijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meserve
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Floyd
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D012997:Solvents; C451919:gantacurium