title: Transcription factor EGR-1 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transcription factor EGR-1 (early growth response gene-1) plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation and development. It has identified that EGR-1 has significant transformation suppression activity in some neoplasms, such as fibrosarcoma, breast carcinoma. This experiment was designed to investigate the role of egr-1 in the cancerous process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal carcinoma (EC), and then to appraise the effects of EGR-1 on the growth of these tumor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, the transcription and expression of egr-1 in HCC and EC, paracancerous tissues and their normal counterpart parts were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, with normal human breast and mouse brain tissues as positive controls. Egr-1 gene was then transfected into HCC (HHCC, SMMC7721) and EC (ECa109) cell lines in which no egr-1 transcription and expression were present. The cell growth speed, FCM cell cycle, plate clone formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice were observed and the controls were the cell lines transfected with vector only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Little or no egr-1 transcription and expression were detected in HCC, EC and normal liver tissues. The expression of egr-1 were found higher in hepatocellular paracancerous tissue (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.143, probably because fewer in number of cases) and dysplastic tissue of esophageal cancer (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.001). The growth rate of egr-1-transfected HHCC (HCC cell line) cells and ECa109 (EC cell line) cells was much slower than that of the controls. The proportion of S phase cell, clone formation and tumorigenicity were significantly lower than these of the controls' (decreased 45.5% in HHCC cells and 34.1% in ECa109 cells; 46.6% and 41.8%; 80.4% and 72.6% respectively). There were no obvious differences between SMMC7721 (HCC) egr-1-transfected cells and the controls with regard to the above items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased expression of egr-1 might play a role in the dysregulation of normal growth in the cancerous process of HCC and EC. Egr-1 gene of transfected HHCC and ECa109 cells showed obvious suppression of the cell growth and malignant phenotypes, but no suppression in SMMC7721 (HCC cell line) cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China. haomwg@fmmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Miao-Wang
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Ying-Rui
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming-Yao
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Huan-Xing
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors