title: Overweight, waist circumference, age, gender, and insulin resistance as risk factors for hyperleptinemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of overweight, waist circumference, age, gender, and insulin resistance as risk factors for hyperleptinemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 197 subjects: 59 men (21 aged < 60 years and 38 aged > or =60 years) and 138 women (37 aged < 60 years and 101 aged > or =60 years). The groups were stratified by overweight and normal weight. After a 12-hour fasting period, we measured serum leptin and insulin levels with radioimmunoassay methods. We also measured serum glucose and lipid profile. The data were analyzed by means of comparative tests. A variance-stabilizing transformation (natural logarithmic) was used to meet multiple linear regression, analysis of covariance, and logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The leptin serum levels were higher and statistically significant in young and older women than they were in men. We observed an interaction between gender and body mass index to explain the difference in leptin levels (p < 0.0001). Our study demonstrated an inverse relationship between leptin with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In logistic regression analysis, the overweight x gender interaction and waist circumference have a statistically significant influence as independent variables on hyperleptinemia (overweight x gender odds ratio = 6.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 46.86; p < 0.05 and waist circumference odds ratio = 4.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.47 to 12.83; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who were overweight or had a higher waist circumference (women > or = 88 cm and men > or = 102 cm) have a significantly higher risk of having hyperleptinemia. The increase in age as an isolated variable is not a risk factor for hyperleptinemia.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Gerontología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico. mendovic@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: Víctor Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Núñez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Sánchez
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Rosa Elba
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Galván-Duarte
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fonseca-Yerena
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin