title: Effects of clothing pressure caused by different types of brassieres on autonomic nervous system activity evaluated by heart rate variability power spectral analysis.
abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of clothing skin pressures exerted by two different types of brassieres (a conventional higher skin-pressured brassiere and a newly devised low skin-pressured brassiere) on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Six healthy young women (22.8 +/- 1.4 yrs.) with regular menstrual cycles participated in this study. The ANS activities were assessed by means of heart rate variability power spectral analysis. The skin pressures exerted by the brassieres were measured with an air-pack type contact surface pressure sensor at five different points. The total amount of clothing pressure, and the pressures at the center and the side regions of the brassieres were significantly greater in the high than in the low skin-pressured brassiere (Total 9816.1 +/- 269.0 vs. 6436.8 +/- 252.4 Pa, P < 0.01; Center 2212.1 +/- 336.3 vs. 353.8 +/- 85.8 Pa, P < 0.01; Side 2556.8 +/- 316.1 vs. 1747.2 +/- 199.2 Pa, P < 0.05). Concerning the ANS activity, the Total power, and the very low frequency (VLF) and the high frequency (HF) components were significantly decreased in the high skin-pressured brassiere than those in the low skin-pressured brassiere (Total 531.6 +/- 57.3 vs. 770.5 +/- 54.2 ms2, P < 0.01; VLF 60.7 +/- 14.6 vs. 179.2 +/- 38.1 ms2, P < 0.05; HF 209.5 +/- 33.2 vs. 283.2 +/- 61.5 ms2, P < 0.01). Our data indicate that the higher clothing pressures exerted by a conventional brassiere have a significant negative impact on the ANS activity, which is predominantly attributable to the significant decrease in the parasympathetic as well as the thermoregulatory sympathetic nerve activities. Since the ANS activity plays an important role in modulating the internal environment in the human body, excess clothing pressures caused by constricting types of foundation garments on the body would consequently undermine women's health.
authors.affiliation: International Buddhist University.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyatsuji
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitarai
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotabe
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D003020:Clothing; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena