title: DNA methyltransferase deficiency modifies cancer susceptibility in mice lacking DNA mismatch repair.
abstract: We have introduced DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) mutations into a mouse strain deficient for the Mlh1 protein to study the interaction between DNA mismatch repair deficiency and DNA methylation. Mice harboring hypomorphic Dnmt1 mutations showed diminished RNA expression and DNA hypomethylation but developed normally and were tumor free. When crossed to Mlh1(-/-) homozygosity, they were less likely to develop the intestinal cancers that normally arise in this tumor-predisposed, mismatch repair-deficient background. However, these same mice developed invasive T- and B-cell lymphomas earlier and at a much higher frequency than their Dnmt1 wild-type littermates. Thus, the reduction of Dnmt1 activity has significant but opposing outcomes in the development of two different tumor types. DNA hypomethylation and mismatch repair deficiency interact to exacerbate lymphomagenesis, while hypomethylation protects against intestinal tumors. The increased lymphomagenesis in Dnmt1 hypomorphic, Mlh1(-/-) mice may be due to a combination of several mechanisms, including elevated mutation rates, increased expression of proviral sequences or proto-oncogenes, and/or enhanced genomic instability. We show that CpG island hypermethylation occurs in the normal intestinal mucosa, is increased in intestinal tumors in Mlh1(-/-) mice, and is reduced in the normal mucosa and tumors of Dnmt1 mutant mice, consistent with a role for Dnmt1-mediated CpG island hypermethylation in intestinal tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176, USA.
authors.forename: Binh N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Tiffany I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Andrea E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Laird
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501485:Mlh1 protein, mouse; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; C000619381:Dnmt1 protein, mouse; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1