title: Causes and empirical treatment of fever in HIV-infected adult outpatients, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Abidjan, HIV prevalence has been estimated at 20% in outpatients attending community clinics. Documenting causes of fever in HIV-infected adult outpatients may help to improve care in these centres with limited facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe all diagnoses and treatments made during febrile episodes in HIV-infected adults participating in the ANRS 059 trial and followed up in a dedicated outpatient centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Causes of fever could be identified in half of the 269 febrile episodes. Bacterial diseases were the leading identified cause of fever in all CD4 cell count strata (53, 56 and 43% of identified causes in episodes with CD4 count < 200 x 106/l, 200-499 x 106/l, and >or= 500 x 106/l, respectively), followed by malaria (5, 22, and 38%, respectively). Among febrile bacterial diseases, respiratory tract infections and enteritis accounted for 62% of organ involvement, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typhi Salmonella represented 69% of isolated bacterial strains. In these bacterial episodes, an early empirical antibacterial treatment was associated with shorter duration of hospitalization and fever. In the 19 episodes leading to death (7%), the two leading diagnoses were atypical mycobacteriosis (26%) and acute unexplained fever (21%). Death was associated with the absence of antimalarial treatment in the group of acute unexplained fevers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African HIV treatment guidelines should take into account the predominant role of bacterial infections and malaria in HIV-infected adult outpatients. Reports from other African settings would be useful to compare experiences in algorithms of empirical early antibacterial and antimalarial treatments.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U.330, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Anglaret
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dakoury-Dogbo
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonard
authors.forename: Siaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touré
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Combe
authors.forename: Timothée
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ouassa
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Menan
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: N'Dri-Yoman
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dabis
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salamon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D010045:Outpatients; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents