title: Expression profiling of palmitate- and oleate-regulated genes provides novel insights into the effects of chronic lipid exposure on pancreatic beta-cell function.
abstract: Chronic lipid exposure is implicated in beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. We therefore used oligonucleotide arrays to define global alterations in gene expression in MIN6 cells after 48-h pretreatment with oleate or palmitate. Altogether, 126 genes were altered > or =1.9-fold by palmitate, 62 by oleate, and 46 by both lipids. Importantly, nine of the palmitate-regulated genes are known to be correspondingly changed in models of type 2 diabetes. A tendency toward beta-cell de-differentiation was also apparent with palmitate: pyruvate carboxylase and mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were downregulated, whereas lactate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatases were induced. Increases in the latter (also seen with oleate), along with glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyl transferase, imply upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in palmitate-treated cells. However, palmitate also increased expression of calcyclin and 25-kDa synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP25), which control distal secretory processes. Consistent with these findings, secretory responses to noncarbohydrate stimuli, especially palmitate itself, were upregulated in palmitate-treated cells (much less so with oleate). Indeed, glucose-stimulated secretion was slightly sensitized by chronic palmitate exposure but inhibited by oleate treatment, whereas both lipids enhanced basal secretion. Oleate and palmitate also induced expression of chemokines (MCP-1 and GRO1 oncogene) and genes of the acute phase response (serum amyloid A3). Increases in transcriptional modulators such as ATF3, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBPbeta), C/EBPdelta, and c-fos were also seen. The results highlight links between regulated gene expression and phenotypic alterations in palmitate versus oleate-pretreated beta-cells.
authors.affiliation: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cordery
authors.forename: Gareth S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Denyer
authors.forename: Trevor J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Biden
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D018925:Chemokines; D004798:Enzymes; D007328:Insulin; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D005947:Glucose