title: A retrospective study comparing the individual modalities of triple assessment in the pre-operative diagnosis of invasive lobular breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) is associated with few symptoms and signs. The individual sensitivity of clinical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, cytology and core biopsy have each been reported to be of limited value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of triple assessment in the pre-operative detection of patients identified to have ILC from their surgical pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pure ILC was defined as tumours containing at least 90% lobular features. The triple assessment of 273 patients diagnosed primarily at our institution were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  87.5% of women were symptomatic and 12.5% were screen detected. The mean patient age was 59 (range 30-81) years and the median tumour size was 26 (range 5-110) mm. The main mammographic abnormalities were a spiculated lesion (33.3%), an ill-defined mass (33.3%) or architectural distortion (23.5%). The sensitivities for detecting ILC of each modality were: clinical examination (76.6%), mammography (79.8%), ultrasound examination (93.9%), fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (60.5%) and core biopsy (90.8%). Combining the three modalities of clinical examination, imaging and cyto/pathology increased the pre-operative detection rate of ILC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple assessment is useful in the diagnosis of ILC. As the features of ILC may be subtle, a high index of suspicion is required to facilitate early diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Behranwala
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Trott
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nasiri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moskovic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: N P M
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: G P H
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nasim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity