title: Lack of association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 gene variants and the occurrence of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed at high levels in foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions, that PPARgamma agonists may directly modulate vessel wall function and that mutations in the PPARgamma-2 gene are associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated whether known variants in the PPARgamma-2 gene are associated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 365 patients with type 2 diabetes, prospectively characterised for the presence or absence of CHD. The Pro115Gln, Pro12Ala, Pro467Leu, Val290Met mutations and two polymorphisms C478T and C161T of the PPARgamma-2 gene were examined using PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of the Pro12Ala, Ala12Ala, C161T and T161T variants was not significantly different between patients with and without CHD, independent of the gender. The Pro12Ala (P=0.011) and the Ala12Ala (P=0.006) variant were associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) compared with the Pro12Pro genotype. A multiple logistic regression analysis introducing the typical risk factors for CHD (age, sex, hypertension, smoking, BMI >26 kg/m2, elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c >7%) identified age >60, male gender, hypertension and a higher BMI, but not the PPARgamma-2 variants, as significant risk factors for CHD in our study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PPARgamma-2 genotype was not associated with an increased or reduced risk of the occurrence of CHD and can therefore not be regarded as an independent risk factor for CHD in patients with diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Third Medical Department, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal Strasse 27, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klemm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gerike
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krankenberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paschke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors