title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is increased in early intestinal-type gastric cancer and gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is increased in gastric cancer. We examined COX-2 expression in early stage gastric cancer and background mucosa to elucidate the role of COX-2 in gastric carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three early gastric cancers obtained from 30 patients infected with Helicobacter pylori were studied. Twenty-three patients had an intestinal, four patients had a diffuse, and three patients had both an intestinal and a diffuse type cancer. Expression of COX-2 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry by counting the number of positive staining cells per 100 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean COX-2 expression was 84.1 (SD 11.4) in 26 intestinal type cancers and was significantly higher than that in seven diffuse type cancers (23.1 +/- 9.7) (P < 0.001). In three patients who had both the intestinal and the diffuse type cancer, COX-2 expression was 92, 90 and 83 in the intestinal type cancer and only 25, 24 and 7 in the corresponding diffuse type cancer. In 18 patients who had intestinal metaplasia (15 had incomplete metaplasia), COX-2 expression was 60.2 (24.2) in the crypts with metaplasia while it was only 16.8 (10.7) in the crypts without metaplasia (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 expression may be associated with the carcinogenesis of the intestinal type gastric cancer and, speculatively, inhibition of COX-2 might have preventative effects on the intestinal type gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: Shinsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munakata
mesh_terms: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000201:enzymology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases