title: Testosterone substitution of hypogonadal men prevents the age-dependent increases in body mass index, body fat and leptin seen in healthy ageing men: results of a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In healthy men, body weight and total fat content increase with advancing age, while serum testosterone levels decrease. In order to elucidate whether a causal relationship between these phenomena exists, we investigated the influence of testosterone or human chorionic gonadotrophin substitution on body mass index (BMI), total fat mass and serum leptin in testosterone-treated and untreated hypogonadal patients in comparison with ageing eugonadal men.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, the inter-relationships of body weight, total fat mass, serum sex hormones and leptin were analysed in untreated hypogonadal men (n=24; age 19-65 years), treated hypogonadal men (n=61; age 20-67 years) and healthy eugonadal men (n=60; age 24-78 years). Total fat mass was assessed by bioimpedance measurement. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect possible differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eugonadal men, serum testosterone levels decreased with advancing age (correlation coefficients: r=-0.71; P<0.0001), while BMI (r=0.39; P=0.002), total fat content (r=0.51; P<0.0001) and leptin (r=0.48; P<0.0001) increased significantly. In untreated hypogonadal patients, an increase in BMI (r=0.50; P=0.013) and total fat mass (r=0.41; P=0.044) was also observed with advancing age. However, in substituted hypogonadal patients, no age-dependent change in BMI (r=0.067; P=0.606), body fat content (r=-0.083; P=0.522), serum testosterone (r=-0,071; P=0.59) or serum leptin (r=-0.23; P=0.176) was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since testosterone-substituted older hypogonadal men show BMI and fat mass similar to those of younger eugonadal men and since non-treated hypogonadal men are similar to normal ageing men, testosterone appears to be an important factor contributing to these changes. Thus ageing men should benefit from testosterone substitution as far as body composition is concerned.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rolf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Eckardstein
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koken
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nieschlag
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D020738:Leptin; D013739:Testosterone