title: Characterization of rpoB gene mutations in rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients at 5 Mexican public hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the rpoB gene mutations of the rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains isolated in pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven clinical M. tuberculosis isolates cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen media and obtained from consecutive tuberculosis patients in 5 public hospitals were analyzed by PCR and the INNO-LiPA Rif TB for amplification and detection of mutations associated with rifampicin resistance, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three out of 37 isolates (62.2%) were found to be wild type (rifampicin susceptible), while 14 isolates (37.8%) contained mutations associated with rifampicin resistance. Seven out of the 37 isolates (18.9%) had a delta S1 mutation, in the nucleotide position number 511; one (2.7%) had a R4b mutation, in nucleotide H526D; five (13.5%) contained a R5 mutation, in nucleotide S531L; and one (2.7%) showed a double mutation delta S1/R4b.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the marker used (rifampicin resistance), at least five different strains of M. tuberculosis circulate among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mexico. rpoB gene mutations associated with rifampicin resistance are common in Mexico. A single mutation in nucleotide 511 was the most frequently observed, followed by single mutations in nucleotides S531L and H526D.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Científica, UJED, Durango, México. alvaradocosme@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Esquivel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez-García
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cisneros-Martínez
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mijs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevárez-Nájera
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fierro-Campa
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mercado-Suárez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Campos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chacón-Arciniega
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saucedo-Martínez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Astorga
mesh_terms: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D009154:Mutation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D010940:Plant Proteins; C101305:RpoB protein, Oryza sativa; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D012293:Rifampin