title: Increased levels of a TH2-type CC chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in serum and induced sputum of asthmatics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines liberated by TH2 cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 is preferentially expressed by TH2 cells. These facts suggest possible involvement of two CCR4-specific ligands i.e., thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via recruitment of TH2 cells to inflammatory sites. We investigated the levels of TARC and MDC in the serum and induced sputum of asthmatics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of TARC in the serum (46 asthmatics and 26 healthy subjects) and induced sputum (30 asthmatics and 6 healthy subjects) were measured using a highly sensitive ELISA system. The levels of eotaxin and MDC were also measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TARC, but not MDC, was significantly increased in asthmatic sera (P<0.001). Although MDC was undetectable in the sputum of most cases by our assay system, sputum TARC was significantly increased (P=0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated TARC levels in asthmatics might be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood*; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012260:Ribonucleases; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; C515456:CCL11 protein, human; C106230:CCL17 protein, human; C515482:CCL22 protein, human; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D012260:Ribonucleases