title: Effects of size at birth and childhood growth on the insulin resistance syndrome in elderly individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study of 7086 men and women born in Helsinki, Finland, has shown that the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is associated with low birth weight followed by accelerated gain in height and weight during childhood and with high maternal BMI but the processes which underlie these associations are largely not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out standard oral glucose tolerance tests, and measured plasma insulin and proinsulin, serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure in 474 patients from the Helsinki cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used four indices of insulin resistance: fasting and 2-h plasma insulin, and fasting proinsulin and 32-33 split proinsulin concentrations. These were associated with small body size at birth and during childhood, rapid growth in height and low maternal BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance and Type II diabetes share common associations with retarded fetal growth and accelerated growth during childhood. They are dissimilar, however, in that insulin resistance is associated with thinness in childhood and low maternal BMI, while Type II diabetes is associated with high BMI in childhood and high maternal BMI.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Helsinki, Finland. johan.eriksson@ktl.fi
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forsén
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: V W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osmond
authors.forename: D J P
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001724:Birth Weight; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D011384:Proinsulin