title: US evaluation of fetal growth: prediction of neonatal outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether fetal growth measured at serial ultrasonographic (US) examinations can predict neonatal morbidity, independent of whether gestational age is known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n = 321) who had singleton pregnancies and underwent two or more second- or third-trimester obstetric US examinations were included in a retrospective cohort analysis. Inadequate fetal growth was defined as growth at or below the 10th percentile. The relative risk of each poor outcome was calculated for fetuses with inadequate growth, compared with the risk for fetuses with normal growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inadequate fetal growth was associated with 3.9 times the risk of a birth weight less than 2,500 g, 17.7 times the risk of a birth weight less than the 3rd percentile for gestational age, 2.3 times the risk of preterm birth, 2.6 times the risk of a long newborn hospital stay, and 3.6 times the risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission. After adjusting for confounding variables, including fetal weight, fetal growth remained a significant predictor of small birth size and poor outcomes. Inadequate growth predicted the risk of poor outcomes, even when gestational age was unknown. When inadequate growth was used to identify fetuses at risk, 21%-67% of neonates who were small at birth or had poor outcomes were identified at false-positive rates of only 5%-9%. For all outcomes, inadequate growth enabled identification of more fetuses with poor birth outcomes than low estimated fetal weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morbidity is significantly increased among fetuses who demonstrate less than expected growth. Growth between two US examinations can be used to estimate the risk of neonatal morbidity, even when gestational age is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. rebecca.smith-bindman@radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith-Bindman
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.forename: Vickie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Feldstein
authors.forename: Roy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Filly
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bacchetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal