title: Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes: results of a multicentre study in Turkey.
abstract: The in vitro activities of several antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (283), Haemophilus influenzae (272), Moraxella catarrhalis (179) and Streptococcus pyogenes (256) were determined in a multicentre study with the participation of five hospitals from four cities in Turkey. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae was evaluated using the E-test and the remaining agents by disk diffusion. For S. pneumoniae overall 25.8% of the isolates were intermediately and 3.9% were highly resistant to penicillin and resistance to chloramphenicol, azithromycin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) was 3.8, 2.1 and 55.4%, respectively. Seven percent of H. influenzae produced beta-lactamase and all were susceptible to cefotaxime and azithromycin; the highest rate of resistance, 23.5%, was for TMP/SMX. Eighty-one percent of M. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase, 18.4% were resistant to TMP/SMX and all were susceptible to sulbactam/ampicillin combination. Resistance to chloramphenicol and azithromycin of S. pyogenes was 2.2 and 1.9%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. dg01-k@tr.net
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gür
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozalp
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sümerkan
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaygusuz
authors.forename: Kurtuluş
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Töreci
authors.forename: Iftihar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Köksal
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Over
authors.forename: Güner
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Söyletir
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016870:Neisseriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents