title: Immunomodulatory activity of orphanin FQ/nociceptin on traumatic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the neuro-immune modulatory effect of orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ) and opioid receptor like 1 (ORL1) receptor on the traumatic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The quantitative method of immuno-cytochemistry and i n situ hybridization combined with cytokine bioassay were used to detect the expression of endogenous OFQ and ORL1 and the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from peritoneal macrophage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong signals for both OFQ immuno-reactive cells and ORL1 mRNA were detected in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus in normal condition, whereas they were significantly reduced after trauma (P<0.05). However, the production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha from peritoneal macrophage was increased, when expressed as percentage of enhancement, the increment attained to 233 % and 521 % (sample dilution 1:4), 195 % and 566 % (1:8), 233 % and 757 % ( 1:16), 214 % and 622 % (1:32), respectively, after trauma. After icv injection of OFQ at doses of 0.055 nmol, 0.55 nmol, and 2.75 nmol, the units of IL-1 and TNF-alpha were reversed (P<0.05); however, the action of OFQ (0.55 nmol) was blocked by ORL1 selective antagonist [phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]nociceptin-(1-13)-NH2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OFQ and ORL1, the new opioid peptide system, are involved in the immune response elicited by traumatic stress.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Gen-Cheng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ding
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology*; D000094942:Nociceptin Receptor; D000097629:Nociceptin
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000094942:Nociceptin Receptor; D000097629:Nociceptin; C000722285:Oprl1 protein, rat