title: Glutamine and arginine affect Caco-2 cell proliferation by promotion of nucleotide synthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested our hypothesis that 1) the major effect of Gln is as a nitrogen donor, not an energy source, for nucleotides (NT) and 2) the supplementation of culture medium with arginine (Arg) decreases the flux of glutamine (Gln) for conversion to Arg, thus accelerating NT synthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various concentrations of nucleosides (NS+NT) Gln, and glutamate (Glu) in culture were tested for their effect on Caco-2 cell proliferation. (Arg was tested in media with and without Gln to evaluate the Gln pathway. The incorporation of (15)N from L-[5-(15)N]-Gln into NTs of DNA was measured under different NS + NT and Arg concentrations.)
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferation of Caco-2 cells was increased by NS + NT and Gln supplementation, but not by Glu. The effective concentration of NS + NT was 100-fold smaller than that of Gln. An Arg effect was observed only in the presence of Gln. The NT synthesis from Gln, as indicated by (15)N incorporation from L-[5-(15)N]-Gln, was increased by Arg supplementation and decreased by NS + NT supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support our hypothesis that the effects of Gln and Arg on Caco-2 cell proliferation are by the promotion of NT synthesis and that the major role of Gln is not energy supply.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Anil D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Yuh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushiyama
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000502:physiology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000502:physiology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D005973:Glutamine; D001120:Arginine