title: Abnormal motility in patients with ulcerative colitis: the role of inflammatory cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels are elevated in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We propose that IL-1 beta may also be elevated in the circular muscle layer of the colon and may be partially responsible for the motility dysfunction observed in patients with UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort analytic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory in a tertiary academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal smooth muscle was obtained from the disease-free margins of human sigmoid colon specimens resected from patients with cancer and compared with specimens from patients with UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure IL-l beta. Standard muscle chambers were used to measure force changes. Single muscle cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion, and cell shortening in response to neurokinin A (NKA) and thapsigargin was measured under a microscope. Cytosolic Ca(2+) (calcium) concentrations were measured by standard techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of IL-1 beta on smooth muscle function in normal and UC colons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with UC, IL-1 beta was elevated in the muscularis propria, and sigmoid circular smooth muscle contractions in response to NKA and thapsigargin were significantly reduced. In fura-2-loaded cells from patients with UC, the NKA-induced Ca(2+) signal was also significantly reduced in Ca(2+)-free medium, indicating the reduced intracellular Ca(2+) stores after UC. Exposure of normal cells to IL-1 beta mimicked the changes observed in patients with UC. An IL-1 beta-induced reduction in contraction and release of intracellular Ca(2+) in response to NKA was partially restored by the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with UC, IL-1 beta was increased in colonic circular muscles and may contribute to motor dysfunction after UC through production of hydrogen peroxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Vrees
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Pricolo
authors.forename: Fabio M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Potenti
authors.forename: Weibiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003106:Colon / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D019284:Thapsigargin; D015288:Neurokinin A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium