title: Synergistic interactions of the two classes of ligand, sialyl-Lewis(a/x) fuco-oligosaccharides and short sulpho-motifs, with the P- and L-selectins: implications for therapeutic inhibitor designs.
abstract: The E-, L- and P-selectins are carbohydrate-recognizing cell-adhesion molecules mediating selective leucocyte recruitment in inflammation. The 3'-sialyl- and 3'-sulpho-oligosaccharides of Lewis(x) (Le(x)) and Lewis(a) (Le(a)) series are bound by them, but for high-avidity binding of P- and L-selectins to the glycoprotein counter-receptor known as P-selectin glycoprotein ligand, PSGL-1, there is a requirement for sulpho-tyrosines neighbouring a sialyl-Le(x) glycan. The two selectins can also bind 3-O- or 6-O-sulphated galacto-lipids (sulphatides). Here we compare some features of the interactions of P- and L-selectins with a novel lipid-linked sulpho-tyrosine probe, and with the sulphatides and neoglycolipids of sialyl- and sulpho-Le(x)/Le(a) fuco-oligosaccharides. The sulpho-tyrosine probe is bound by both selectins. There are close similarities in the interactions of the two selectins with sulpho-tyrosine and the sulphatides; the binding is relatively resistant to chelation of calcium ions, in contrast to the absolute requirement of calcium ions with the long fuco-oligosaccharides, including 6-sulpho-sialyl-Le(x). With both selectins, there is striking synergy in binding signals elicited by the two ligand types when presented as equimolar mixtures on a matrix. Thus, there are two operationally distinct binding sites on both L- and P-selectin; and the binding sites for sulphate groups in the two ligand types are probably distinct. When sulpho-tyrosine and sialyl-Le(x) are presented on liposomes, a potent inhibitory activity is generated toward the binding of P-selectin to HL60 cells, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values in the nanomolar range. These features of the lipid-linked ligand analogues, and the simple approach for their display on liposomes, may have applications in designs and screening of selectin inhibitors as anti-inflammatory compounds.
authors.affiliation: The Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, UK.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galustian
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiso
authors.forename: Ten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feizi
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens; D008024:Ligands; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D000080506:Sialyl Lewis X Antigen
chemical_list: D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005732:Gangliosides; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens; D008024:Ligands; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D019007:P-Selectin; D000080506:Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; C113506:sulfo Lewis C; C116504:sulfo-Lewis(a); D019041:L-Selectin; C064564:sialyl Le(a) ganglioside; D004492:Edetic Acid