title: Selective muscle involvement on magnetic resonance imaging in autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of muscle involvement on MRI in patients with autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD2) due to mutations in the lamin A/C gene and to compare it to the pattern found in other conditions with similar phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with a diagnosis of EDMD2 had MRI scanning of their leg muscles. Seven other patients, four with the X-linked form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and three with an Emery-Dreifuss-like phenotype but no detectable mutations in either the emerin or the lamin A/C gene were also scanned as disease controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with EDMD2 showed a characteristic involvement of the posterior calf muscles. The medial head of the gastrocnemius was always predominantly involved while the lateral head was relatively spared. This pattern was more obvious in mildly affected patients in whom the other calf muscles were spared or only mildly involved but was also recognisable in the patients with more advanced disease. In contrast, none of the patients with the X-linked EDMD or with Emery-Dreifuss-like phenotype but no mutation in either genes showed this pattern of muscle involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that patients with EDMD2 have a specific pattern of muscle involvement and that muscle MRI can be used, in combination with other techniques, to distinguish various genetic forms of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. e.mercuri@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mercuri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Counsell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allsop
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jungbluth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonne
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bydder
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dubowitz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muntoni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D034904:Lamin Type A; D034882:Lamins; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020389:Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013946:Thymopoietins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D034904:Lamin Type A; D034882:Lamins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D013946:Thymopoietins; C092710:emerin