title: Blood use in cerebrovascular neurosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reviews the perioperative use of red blood cell transfusion in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. The current algorithm for preoperative ordering of red cells is historical and dated. More blood is ordered than is actually transfused, and considerable variability exists between different institutions. We determine the use of blood transfusion in cerebrovascular surgery to develop a rational blood ordering practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 301 patients undergoing cerebrovascular neurosurgery at the University of Virginia were reviewed to quantitatively evaluate red blood cell transfusion practices. The amount and reason for transfusion were noted in each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 126 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, there were no preoperative or intraoperative transfusions and 5 postoperative transfusions (4.0%). In 71 ruptured aneurysm patients, there were 2 preoperative blood transfusions (2.8%), 4 intraoperative transfusions (5.6%), and 15 postoperative transfusions (21.1%). Forty-seven patients underwent surgery for unruptured aneurysms, with no preoperative transfusions, 2 intraoperative transfusions (4.3%), and 8 postoperative blood transfusions (17.0%). Of the 54 patients undergoing surgery for arteriovenous malformations, 5 patients (9.3%) were transfused preoperatively, 4 were transfused intraoperatively (7.4%), and 22 were transfused postoperatively (40.7%). None of the 3 patients undergoing surgery for concomitant arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms received intraoperative blood transfusions, but 1 received blood both preoperatively and postoperatively, and another received a transfusion postoperatively only. The overall ratio of perioperative cross-match to transfusion in this series is 41.4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vascular neurosurgery at our institution, blood has routinely been ordered excessively. We recommend an ABO-Rh type and antibody screen for aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation surgery and no screen for carotid endarterectomy to efficiently utilize transfusion therapy in cerebrovascular surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: Dilantha B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ellegala
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Neal F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kassell
mesh_terms: D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome