Electrophysiology of Necturus taste cells.
Taste buds are sensory end organs that detect chemical substances occurring in foodstuffs and relay the relative information to the brain. The mechanisms by which the chemical stimuli are converted into biological signals represent a central issue in taste research. Our understanding of how taste buds accomplish this operation relies on the detailed knowledge of the biological properties of taste bud cells-the taste cells-and of the functional processes occurring in these cells during chemostimulation. The amphibian Necturus maculosus (mudpuppy) has proven to be a very useful model for studying basic cellular processes of vertebrate taste reception, some of which are still awaiting to be explored in mammals. The main advantages offered by Necturus are the large size of its taste cells and the relative accessibility of its taste buds, which can therefore be handled easily for experimental manipulations. In this review, I summarize the functional properties of Necturus taste cells studied with electrophysiological techniques (intracellular recordings and patch-clamp recordings). My focus is on ion channels in taste cells and on their role in signal transduction, as well as on the functional relationships among the cells inside Necturus taste buds. This information has revealed to be well suited to outline some of the general physiological processes occurring during taste reception in vertebrates, including mammals, and may represent a useful framework for understanding how taste buds work.
Bigiani
Albertino
A
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Italy. bigiani@unimo.it
D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D017136:Ion Transport; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009337:Necturus / Q000502:physiology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*; D013650:Taste Buds / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
D007473:Ion Channels; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface