title: The effect of ethnicity and maternal birthplace on small-for-gestational-age deliveries to HIV-infected women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relative role of ethnicity and maternal birthplace on small-for-gestational-age (SGA) deliveries of a cohort of mothers in New York who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicaid claims and linked vital statistics records were examined for 2,525 singleton deliveries to HIV-infected women from 1993 through 1996. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SGA delivery associated with ethnicity (i.e., white, white-Latina, black, and black-Latina) and maternal birthplace (i.e., native US/Puerto Rican vs. foreign born) in a series of multivariate regression models to which we sequentially added demographic, health services, and lifestyle factors (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the deliveries, 10% were SGA. The odds of SGA infants for black and white women did not differ by maternal birthplace. Foreign-born white-Latinas and black-Latinas had lower unadjusted odds of a SGA delivery than their US-born counterparts (OR 0.29, CI 0.14, 0.61 and OR 0.22, CI 0.07, 0.71, respectively). After adjustment for maternal lifestyle characteristics, the odds of SGA delivery were 0.50 (CI 0.23, 1.09) for white-Latina mothers and 0.60 (CI 0.17, 2.08) for black-Latina mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGA outcomes did not differ by maternal birthplace for black and white women. Differences in lifestyle factors appear to contribute to lower odds of SGA delivery for foreign-born versus US-born white- and black-Latina HIV-infected women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic and Preventive Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cocroft
authors.forename: Walter W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cosler
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008484:Medicaid; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000208:ethnology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000145:classification; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology