title: ABCA1 regulatory variants influence coronary artery disease independent of effects on plasma lipid levels.
abstract: The authors have previously shown that individuals heterozygous for ABCA1 mutations have decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased triglycerides and an increased frequency of coronary artery disease (CAD), and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of the ABCA1 gene significantly impact plasma lipid levels and the severity of CAD in the general population. They have now identified several SNPs in non-coding regions of ABCA1 which may be important for the appropriate regulation of ABCA1 expression (i.e. in the promoter, intron 1 and the 5' untranslated region), and have examined the phenotypic effects of these SNPs in the REGRESS population. Out of 12 SNPs, four were associated with a clinical outcome. A threefold increase in coronary events with an increased family history of CAD was evident for the G-191C variant. Similarly, the C69T SNP was associated with a twofold increase in events. In contrast, the C-17G was associated with a decrease in coronary events and the InsG319 was associated with less atherosclerosis. For all these SNPs, the changes in atherosclerosis and CAD occurred without detectable changes in plasma lipid levels. These data suggest that common variation in non-coding regions of ABCA1 may significantly alter the severity of atherosclerosis, without necessarily influencing plasma lipid levels.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Zwarts
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Clee
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Engert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singaraja
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Loubser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roomp
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jukema
authors.forename: J J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hayden
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D008055:Lipids