title: Effect of cholecystectomy for gallstones on the surface of the papilla of Vater and the diameter of the common bile duct.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, little is known about changes in the size of the papilla of Vater in patients with gallstones. Most of the research concerning these patients has investigated changes in the diameter of the common bile duct and pressure in the sphincter of Oddi region. The latest research has not confirmed the prevalent opinion that the common bile duct dilates after cholecystectomy; moreover, knowledge about changes in the form and size of the papilla of Vater remains poor. The aim of our research was to measure the surface of the papilla of Vater and the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct before surgery, then 3 months and 6 months after surgery, using endoscopic ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  In patients with symptomatic gallstones but with no evidence of cholestasis or stones in the common bile duct, the surface of the papilla of Vater and the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct were measured before surgery by endoscopic ultrasound. In the postoperative period, measurements were repeated in patients with an early occurrence of nausea, distension, bloating and pain in the upper abdomen and in patients without any symptoms in the same time period. The surface of the normal papilla of Vater and the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct were determined in healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the patients included in our study, the surface of the papilla of Vater was enlarged before surgery and, after 3 months, was even larger. However, after 6 months, it was practically the same as before surgery. The diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct before surgery and 6 months after surgery was within normal limits. However, a statistically significant and transient increase in the diameter was noticed in the third month after cholecystectomy. The results were almost the same for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with symptomatic gallstones, the surface of the papilla of Vater is increased while the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct is normal. Cholecystectomy is an intervention that causes an additional transient increase in the surface of the papilla of Vater and a transient increase in the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct. The surface of the papilla of Vater does not reach normal values but the diameter of the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct is normalized 6 months after surgery. There is no relation between clinical disorders and changes in the morphology of the papilla of Vater and the periampullary pancreatic part of the common bile duct after cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department for Internal Medicine, General Hospital Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skalicky
authors.forename: Davorin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dajcman
authors.forename: Radovan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hojs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period