title: Effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors on SEB-induced interstitial pneumonia in mice.
abstract: The authors have previously reported that intratracheal instillation of staphylococcal enterotoxin-B (SEB) induced interstitial pneumonia (IP) in autoimmune-prone mice. SEB-reactive T-cells were critically involved in the development of IP in this model. Concern has arisen about the hazards of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the process of lung injury and fibrosis. Therefore, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2-) in the pathogenesis of IP in this autoimmune-prone model has been investigated. Nitrite/nitrate levels were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum from SEB-injected mice. The signal of the NO-(N-(dithiocarboxy) sarcosine)2-Fe2+ complex was detected in the SEB-injected lung and whole blood by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. NO production was significantly decreased by aminoguanidine (AG) treatment. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in the lung, BAL fluid, and plasma was increased with instillation of SEB, and 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)-pyrimidine (AHPP) significantly inhibited XO activity. Moreover, both AG and AHPP significantly decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, numbers of infiltrated cells in BAL fluid, and the area of thickened alveolar septa in the SEB-injected lung. In conclusion, the overproduction of nitric oxide and super oxide anion were implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonia, and inducible nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors had protective effects against interstitial pneumonia in this model.
authors.affiliation: First Dept of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinbori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gushima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004768:Enterotoxins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase