title: Laparoscopic features of primary biliary cirrhosis in AMA-positive and AMA-negative patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has been difficult to diagnose. Laparoscopic features of AMA-negative PBC were evaluated in comparison with those of AMA-positive PBC and autoimmune hepatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  71 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PBC were enrolled in the study; 48 were AMA-positive and 23 were AMA-negative. As a disease control, 46 autoimmune hepatitis patients were included. Both the frequency and specificity of each laparoscopic finding were evaluated. A laparoscopic scoring system was introduced, which used, common and uncommon laparoscopic findings, and was evaluated for the diagnosis of AMA-negative PBC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristic laparoscopic findings for AMA-positive PBC were yellowish-white marking (92 %), dark-brown discoloration (73 %), gentle undulation (67 %), reddish patch (38 %), and yellowish-white nodules (32 %). On the other hand, laparoscopic findings such as trench-like depression, reddish markings, and wide and small depressions were uncommon in PBC compared with autoimmune hepatitis. The frequencies of characteristic and uncommon laparoscopic findings did not differ statistically between AMA-positive and AMA-negative PBC, but were different between AMA-positive or AMA-negative PBC and autoimmune hepatitis. Scores based on common and uncommon laparoscopic findings were 5.5 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SD) in AMA-positive PBC, 5.6 +/- 2.0 in AMA-negative PBC, and - 0.30 +/- 0.5 in autoimmune hepatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laparoscopic findings in AMA-negative PBC did not differ from those of AMA-positive PBC. A laparoscopic scoring system may be helpful in the diagnosis of AMA-negative PBC.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ujike
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000276:immunology*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies