title: Copper and carcinogenesis.
abstract: Metal ions play an important role in biological systems, and without their catalytic presence in trace or ultratrace amounts many essential co-factors for many biochemical reactions would not take place. However, they become toxic to cells when their concentrations surpass certain optimal (natural) levels. Copper is an essential metal. Catalytic copper, because of its mobilization and redox activity, is believed to play a central role in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2-* and *OH radicals, that bind very fast to DNA, and produce damage by breaking the DNA strands or modifying the bases and/or deoxyribose leading to carcinogenesis. The chemistry and biochemistry of copper is briefly accounted together with its involvement in cancer and other diseases.
authors.affiliation: International Anticancer Research Institute, 1st km Kapadriti-Kalamou Rd., P.O. Box 22, Kapandriti, Attiki 19014, Greece. theophan@central.ntua.gr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theophanides
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anastassopoulou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry; D004249:DNA Damage; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D005609:Free Radicals; D008667:Metalloproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D004247:DNA