title: Prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autonomic dysfunction is common in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, but more so in patients with decompensated state, and is associated with increased mortality. We evaluated the presence and extent of autonomic dysfunction in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) and noncirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), diseases with relatively preserved liver functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate variability in response to standing, deep breathing, and Valsalva maneuver and blood pressure response to sustained handgrip and standing were studied in 18 patients with EHPVO (13 mol/L, 5 F, mean age 15.2 +/- 6 yr), 12 patients with NCPF (5 mol/L, 7 F, mean age 26.4 +/- 8 yr), 15 patients with cirrhosis (7 mol/L, 8 F, mean age 12.6 +/- 6 yr), and 17 healthy controls (11 mol/L, 6 F, mean age 18.6 +/- 3 yr). Time-domain parameters of heart rate variability on 24-h ambulatory monitoring were assessed in all the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Autonomic dysfunction was observed in 67% of EHPVO, 25% of NCPF, and 80% of cirrhotic subjects but none of the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Four of five time-domain heart rate variability indices showed significant abnormalities in patients with EHPVO (p < 0.05) and cirrhosis (p < 0.05), when compared with patients with NCPF and healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autonomic dysfunction is frequently encountered in patients with EHPVO and cirrhosis, and the presence of autonomic dysfunction in patients with noncirrhotic portal hypertension suggests a primary role of portal hypertension per se in the dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rangari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Dharmesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Jagdish C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Shiv K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015995:Prevalence; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors