title: Maternal limit-setting patterns and toddler development of self-concept and social competence.
abstract: In 126 mother-toddler dyads, the relationships between maternal limit-setting patterns at 12, 24, and 36 months were examined in relation to toddler self-concept and social competence at 3 years. Maternal limit-setting patterns differentiated toddler self-concept and social competence scores, demonstrating effects of socialization as well as cognitive maturation. Less optimal toddler outcomes at 36 months were associated with an inconsistent maternal limit-setting style and an indirect style. Children of mothers with a teaching-based pattern yielded the most positive outcomes. Although a power-based maternal limit-setting style was related to diminished self-regulatory behavior in a concurrent limit-setting context, outcomes for children of power-based mothers in terms of self-concept and social competence were not as negative as expected.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA. houckg@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: LeCuyer-Maus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001245:Association Learning; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior