title: Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompetent patients; however, its role as a respiratory pathogen in immunocompromised hosts has been infrequently recognized. We describe C. pneumoniae lower respiratory tract infection in a 19-year-old male after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The patient developed fever on day +14, and a subsequent computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a right lateral pleural-based opacity, which was then resected during thoracoscopy. Diagnosis was made by culture and staining of the resected tissue with C. pneumoniae-specific monoclonal antibodies, and azithromycin was administered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. pneumoniae respiratory infection after stem cell or marrow transplantation. C. pneumoniae often coexists with other etiologic agents of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Considering the infrequency of infections from this organism in this clinical setting, one must still rule out other more likely respiratory pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA. wgeisler@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine