title: Nickel essentiality, toxicity, and carcinogenicity.
abstract: The increasing utilization of heavy metals in modern industries leads to an increase in the environmental burden. Nickel represents a good example of a metal whose use is widening in modern technologies. As the result of accelerated consumption of nickel-containing products nickel compounds are released to the environment at all stages of production and utilization. Their accumulation in the environment may represent a serious hazard to human health. Among the known health related effects of nickel are skin allergies, lung fibrosis, variable degrees of kidney and cardiovascular system poisoning and stimulation of neoplastic transformation. The mechanism of the latter effect is not known and is the subject of detailed investigation. This review provides an analysis of the current state in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Gerhard-Mercator University of Duisburg, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denkhaus
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salnikow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D009532:Nickel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008667:Metalloproteins; D009532:Nickel; D002118:Calcium