title: Relation between the outer cover of the egg case of Argiope aurantia (Araneae: Araneidae) and the emergence of its spiderlings.
abstract: To emerge from the egg case, Argiope aurantia spiderlings must penetrate a tightly woven outer cover composed primarily of large-diameter cylindrical gland fibers and small-diameter fibers, likely of aciniform gland origin. They accomplish this using enzymatic digestion and mastication to form a communal hole in the outer cover. The involvement of proteolytic enzymes in this process was demonstrated by zymography of spiderling homogenates and washes made from the edges of holes. The specific source(s) of the proteases is unknown, but histological examination of spiderling sections indicates that the digestive tract, venom glands, and gnathocoxal glands are all functioning at the time of emergence from the egg case. Observations on edges of holes indicate that spiderlings are able to solubilize the small-diameter fibers completely, but cylindrical gland fibers only partially. In the outer cover, cylindrical fibers are composed of numerous fibrils embedded within a matrix. Spiderlings appear to be unable to solubilize the fibrils, but digestion of the matrix allows the spiderlings to push the fibrils aside to create the opening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA. foradori@cisunix.unh.edu
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Foradori
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovoor
authors.forename: Myung-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tillinghast
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010063:Ovum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047011:Silk; D013112:Spiders / Q000196:embryology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D047011:Silk