title: [Health effects of the Chernobyl disaster. Fifteen years afterwards].
abstract: The Chernobyl nuclear accident of 1986 released large quantities of radioactive material causing heavy contamination in widespread areas of the former Soviet Union. Each summer, several hundred children visit Spain from Chernobyl. In this article we describe the accident, the environmental contamination, the mechanisms of radiation injury and the dose-response relationships. We review the health effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and the health impact of the Chernobyl catastrophe. We propose guidelines for the medical management and evaluation of children on temporary visits. The health status of adults and especially that of children in Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation has been adversely affected. According to present knowledge, Chernobyl has given rise to a marked increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer, psychological consequences and socioeconomic disruption. Many studies report that the incidence of other diseases has increased, but not all health problems seen after the nuclear accident can be attributed to radiation. Given the long latency period for diseases induced by radiation exposure, long-term follow-up of all potentially affected individuals is important. Fifteen years after the Chernobyl accident the international community is still learning scientific, medical and humanitarian lessons.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Pediatría, Hospital Comarcal de Pozoblanco, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zafra Anta
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Amor Cabrera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Díaz Mier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cámara Moraño
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011210:Power Plants; D011247:Pregnancy; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release / Q000523:psychology; D002094:Republic of Belarus; D012426:Russia; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D014455:Ukraine
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes
vernacular_title: Efectos en la salud por el desastre de Chernobil. Quince años después.