title: Requirement of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate recognition in midkine-dependent migration of macrophages.
abstract: Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor that promotes cell migration, cell growth and cell survival. The promotion of migration of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, by MK is involved in formation of a vascular abnormality, i.e. neointima formation. MK-induced migration of peritoneal exudate macrophages was inhibited by heparin, chondroitin sulfate E and dermatan sulfate, but not by chondroitin sulfate D or chondroitin 6-sulfate. Digestion of macrophages with chondroitinase ABC as well as chondroitinase B decreased the migratory activity. However, heparitinase digestion showed only slight effects. These results indicated that a chondroitin sulfate, i.e. an E-type oversulfated structure with dermatan sulfate domain, is involved in MK-induced migration of macrophages. Although a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTP zeta), participates in MK-induced migration of neurons and osteoblasts, PTP zeta was not detected in macrophages. The MK-induced migration was inhibited by PP1, wortomanin, PD 98059 and vanadate, indicating that the downstream signaling system, which includes Src, PI3 kinase and ERK as important components, is shared with other MK signaling systems in which PTP zeta is involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadomatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D000078792:Midkine; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: C108123:4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(tert-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine; D000730:Androstadienes; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004963:Estrenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D011809:Quinones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; D000078792:Midkine; D017828:Rifabutin; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; C020754:herbimycin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000077191:Wortmannin