title: Cytoplasmic expression of laminin gamma2 chain correlates with postoperative hepatic metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The laminin gamma2 chain is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, but the significance of laminin gamma2 chain expression remains unclear in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laminin gamma2 chain expression was examined immunohistochemically in 48 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who were followed closely to elucidate the correlations between clinicopathologic factors, postoperative recurrence, and overall survival. Prognostic factors for postoperative survival were examined comparing clinicopathologic factors and laminin gamma2 chain expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two different staining patterns of laminin gamma2 chain expression, cytoplasmic expression and basement membrane expression, were detected in tumors from all 48 patients. Tumors were then classified into two types according to the dominant pattern of laminin gamma2 chain expression: the cytoplasmic expression dominant type (CYT; n = 26 patients) and the basement membrane expression dominant type (BM; n = 22 patients). Tumor differentiation was associated statistically with the BM type of laminin gamma2 chain expression (P = 0.0002). The CYT type of laminin gamma2 chain expression was associated significantly with the occurrence of postoperative hepatic metastasis (P = 0.0011) and also was the strongest predictive factor for poorer overall survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (P = 0.0161).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytoplasmic expression of the laminin gamma2 chain represents the high invasive potential of the tumor and is correlated with distant metastasis, especially hepatic metastasis, and with a poorer prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007797:Laminin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C400567:LAMC2 protein, human; D007797:Laminin