[Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 in Mallorca, Spain. Impact of antiretroviral therapy from 1995 to 2000].
BACKGROUND
Our objective was to evaluate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission in a population of HIV-infected pregnant women.


METHODS
We studied prospectively all HIV-infected pregnant women attended in our hospital from January 1995 to December 2000. We offered treatment with zidovudine (ZDV) alone or in combination according to women's requirements.


RESULTS
There were 98 mother-infant pairs and we studied 93 of them. The rate of vertical transmission was 1.4% when ART was started in pregnancy. Risk of HIV transmission was greater in mothers not being treated with ART during pregnancy (relative risk [RR]: 18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2-145.4), in mothers who only received ZDV at delivery and child vs those who received ART during pregnancy (RR: 16.4; 95% CI: 1.8-145.6) and in mothers who were active intravenous drug users (RR: 9.3; 95% CI: 2.2-38.5), with significant differences between vaginal delivery and caesarean section.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed a substantial benefit from ART, especially in the group of HIV-infected pregnant women who started treatment during pregnancy. Preventive interventions are needed.
Leyes
María
M
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario de Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. Spain. mleyes@hsd.es
Ciria
Luis
L
Ruiz De Gopegui
Rosa
R
Sánchez
Emilia
E
Villalonga
Concepción
C
de La Peña
Andrés
A
Riera
Melchor
M
Salas
Ana
A
Ribas
Angeles
A
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015215:Zidovudine
Prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH-1 en Mallorca. Impacto de la terapia antirretroviral desde 1995 a 2000.