title: Enhancement of primary stability of dental implants using cortical satellite implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to assess the effect of satellite implants on the primary stability of dental implants placed in fresh extraction sites in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  34 titanium screw implants (3.75 mm x 10 mm; Bego, Bremen, Germany) were inserted in premolar- and molar-fresh extraction sites in domestic pig mandibles. Periotest (PT) values were assessed before and after insertion of one vestibular and one lingual 1.7-mm bone screw (Mondeal, Tuttlingen, Germany) as a satellite implant was connected to the implants with a 0.6-mm microplate welded to the implant abutment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average PT values were 2.9 without satellite implants, -1.0 with one satellite implant, and -2.5 with two satellite implants during horizontal testing, and 3.0, 1.4, and 0.4, respectively, for vertical testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satellite implants increase the horizontal stability of implants in fresh extraction sites. Differences for horizontal PT assessment were significant on a 0.01 level of confidence. Implants in extraction sites may be loaded immediately, if vertical stabilization is provided by cortical bone and if horizontal PT values show sufficient stability after satellite implant insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. wengelke@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Engelke
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stahr
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwarzwäller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D012994:Dental Soldering; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008963:Molar; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D014025:Titanium; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium