title: The novel N-type calcium channel blocker, AM336, produces potent dose-dependent antinociception after intrathecal dosing in rats and inhibits substance P release in rat spinal cord slices.
abstract: N-type calcium channels modulate the release of key pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters such as glutamate and substance P (SP) in the central nervous system. Considerable research interest has focused on the therapeutic potential of the peptidic omega-conopeptides, GVIA and MVIIA as novel analgesic agents, due to their potent inhibition of N-type calcium channels. Recently, the novel peptidic N-type calcium channel blocker, AM336, was isolated from the venom of the cone snail, Conus catus. Thus, the aims of this study were to (i) document the antinociceptive effects of AM336 (also known as CVID) relative to MVIIA following intrathecal (i.t.) bolus dosing in rats with adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain of the right hindpaw and to (ii) quantify the inhibitory effects of AM336 relative to MVIIA on K+-evoked SP release from slices of rat spinal cord. Both AM336 and MVIIA inhibited the K+-evoked release of the pro-nociceptive neurotransmitter, SP, from rat spinal cord slices in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 values=21.1 and 62.9 nM, respectively), consistent with the antinociceptive actions of omega-conopeptides. Following acute i.t. dosing, AM336 evoked dose-dependent antinociception (ED50 approximately 0.110 nmol) but the doses required to produce side-effects were an order of magnitude larger than the doses required to produce antinociception. For i.t. doses of MVIIA<or=0.07 nmol, dose-dependent antinociception was also produced (ED50 approximately 0.016 nmol). Unexpectedly, however, i.t. doses of MVIIA>0.07 nmol, produced a dose-dependent decrease in antinociception but the incidence and severity of the side-effects continued to increase for all doses of MVIIA investigated, suggesting that dose-titration with MVIIA in the clinical setting, may be difficult.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. m.smith@pharmacy.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Maree T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cabot
authors.forename: Fraser B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020960:omega-Conotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C461486:AM336; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D014688:Venoms; D020960:omega-Conotoxins; D013373:Substance P; C078452:ziconotide; D011188:Potassium