title: Cyclic stretch activates ERK1/2 via G proteins and EGFR in alveolar epithelial cells.
abstract: Mechanical stimuli are transduced into intracellular signals in lung alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). We studied whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated during cyclic stretch of AEC. Cyclic stretch induced a rapid (within 5 min) increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in AEC. The inhibition of Na(+), L-type Ca(2+) and stretch-activated ion channels with amiloride, nifedipine, and gadolinium did not prevent the stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation. The inhibition of Grb2-SOS interaction with an SH3 binding sequence peptide, Ras with a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, and Raf-1 with forskolin did not affect the stretch-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, cyclic stretch did not increase Ras activity, suggesting that stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation is independent of the classical receptor tyrosine kinase-MAPK pathway. Pertussis toxin and two specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (AG-1478 and PD-153035) prevented the stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation. Accordingly, in primary AEC, cyclic stretch activates ERK1/2 via G proteins and EGFR, in Na(+) and Ca(2+) influxes and Grb2-SOS-, Ras-, and Raf-1-independent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Correa-Meyer
authors.forename: Liuska
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: Jacob I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Sznajder
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D020839:Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila / Q000378:metabolism; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495950:Grb2 protein, rat; D011506:Proteins; D020839:Son of Sevenless Protein, Drosophila; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D012964:Sodium; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins; D002118:Calcium