title: Differential expression of FIZZ1 and Ym1 in alternatively versus classically activated macrophages.
abstract: Alternatively activated macrophages (aaMphi) display molecular and biological characteristics that differ from those of classically activated macrophages (caMphi). Recently, we described an experimental model of murine trypanosomosis in which the early stage of infection of mice with a Trypanosoma brucei brucei variant is characterized by the development of caMphi, whereas in the late and chronic stages of infection, aaMphi develop. In the present study, we used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify genes that are expressed differentially in aaMphi versus caMphi elicited during infection with this T. b. brucei variant. We show that FIZZ1 and Ym1 are induced strongly in in vivo- and in vitro-elicited aaMphi as compared with caMphi. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the in vivo induction of FIZZ1 and Ym1 in macrophages depends on IL-4 and that in vitro, IFN-gamma antagonizes the effect of IL-4 on the expression of FIZZ1 and Ym1. Collectively, these results open perspectives for new insights into the functional properties of aaMphi and establish FIZZ1 and Ym1 as markers for aaMphi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Baetselier
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beschin
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brombacher
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassanzadeh Gh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015723:Gene Library; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000276:immunology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000502:physiology; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D037102:Lectins; D011506:Proteins; C413576:Retnla protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C429541:Chil3 protein, mouse; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases