title: Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) induced apoptosis and its mechanisms in a human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether As(2)O(3) has an apoptotic effect on human solid tumor cells, and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of this treatment using human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (EC8712) as a model.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA microarray, biochemical and cytological analyses were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth and survival of EC8712 cells were markedly inhibited by As(2)O(3) treatment at a concentration of 1, 2 and 4 micromol/L. EC8712 cells were obviously arrested at G2/M phase with As(2)O(3) treatment and apoptosis induced at micromolar As(2)O(3) concentrations, as shown by morphology, histogram related nuclear DNA contents, and DNA gel electrophoresis. As(2)O(3) activated caspase-3, which might be involved in the process of As(2)O(3), induced apoptosis in EC8712 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As(2)O(3) changes the expression of many genes at transcription level. The regulation of expression of many genes might be involved in the process of As(2)O(3) inducing apoptosis. These results suggest that As(2)O(3) can be clinically useful for solid tumor treatment.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Department of Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China. dongxu.xie@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Dongxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Suo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yingxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiuqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chuannong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide