title: Periarterial papaverine application improves intraoperative kidney function during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy decreases disincentives to donation frequently associated with the disadvantages of open surgery. However, concerns have been raised regarding graft quality, since the incidence of delayed graft function is higher when compared with open procedures. This may be caused by amelioration of kidney perfusion due to the elevated intraabdominal pressure and to a mechanically induced renal angiospasm during donation. This study was addressed to reveal whether the renal periarterial application of papaverine is able to enhance renal blood flow during laparoscopic nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve male piglets underwent left laparoscopic donor nephrectomy after endoscopic occlusion of the right renal vessels and ureter. Urine output and creatinine clearance were determined as indicators of renal blood flow. In the treatment group (n = 6) papaverine hydrochloride was administered to the tissue surrounding the renal artery prior to preparation of the vessels and results were compared with those of controls (n = 6). Free sodium excretion was measured to preclude prerenal failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group the mean urine output was 0.015 ml/min/kg and the mean creatinine clearance was 0.95 ml/min/kg. In pigs treated with papaverine the mean urine output was 0.052 ml/min/kg and the mean creatinine clearance was 2.22 ml/min/kg. The differences were significant (urine output, P = 0.02; creatinine clearance, P = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Papaverine improves renal function during laparoscopic kidney harvest when applied in the vicinity of the renal artery prior to vascular preparation.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Institut für Experimentelle Onkologie und Therapieforschung, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstrasse 22, Munich, 81675, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zacherl
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stangl
authors.forename: Hubertus
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feussner
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibakita
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: Jörg R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Siewert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004231:Diuresis; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009318:Natriuresis; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D010208:Papaverine