title: Intraoperative lavage cytologic analysis of surgical margins as a predictor of local recurrence in pulmonary metastasectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytologic analysis of intraoperative lavage at the surgical margin during wedge or segmental resection for pulmonary metastatic lesions predicts postoperative local failure at the surgical margin of the pulmonary parenchyma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective nonrandomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institution-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one consecutive patients undergoing wedge or segmental resection for 87 pulmonary metastatic lesions of various primary tumor types from November 1, 1997, through January 31, 2001, were prospectively enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  An intraoperative lavage cytologic technique at the surgical margin for each pulmonary metastasis was performed as described previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of positive cytologic findings and postoperative local recurrence at the surgical margin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the examined lesions, 10 (11%) showed positive cytologic results at the surgical margin, despite a macroscopically safe margin in the attempted resection. Of these, metastasectomy was converted to segmentectomy in 3. An additional wedge resection and evaporation using an Nd:YAG laser in the surgical margin were performed in 1 and 4 lesions, respectively. Complications precluded further treatment in 2 lesions. By July 2001, although no local recurrence at the surgical margin area was found among the lesions with negative cytologic results, recurrence at the surgical margin occurred in 2 with positive cytologic results, including 1 receiving no treatment and 1 receiving Nd:YAG laser evaporation, indicating that a significant difference in the recurrence rate according to lavage cytologic status (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This intraoperative lavage cytologic technique in wedge or segmental resection of pulmonary metastases of various primary tumors may be a useful predictor of local recurrence at the surgical margin. With these test results, local recurrence at the surgical margin may be controllable in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Nakamichi 1-3-3, Higashinariku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan. higamasa@rj8.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Naozumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: Hideoki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokouchi
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashimura
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagumo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation