title: Calculation of variables describing plasma nonvolatile weak acids for use in the strong ion approach to acid-base balance in cattle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To calculate values for the total concentration of nonvolatile weak acids (Atot) and the effective dissociation constant for nonvolatile weak acids (Ka) of bovine plasma and to determine the best method for quantifying the unmeasured strong anion concentration in bovine plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data sets from published and experimental studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The simplified strong ion model was applied to published and experimentally determined values for pH, PCO2, and strong ion difference (SID+). Nonlinear regression was used to solve simultaneously for Atot and Ka. Four methods for quantifying the unmeasured strong anion concentration in plasma (anion gap, the Fencl base excess method [BEua], the Figge unmeasured anion method [XA], and the strong ion gap [SIG]) were compared in 35 cattle with abomasal volvulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For bovine plasma at 37 C, Atot was 25 m M/L, equivalent to 76 times the albumin concentration or 3.6 times the total protein concentration; Ka was 0.87 x 10(-7), equivalent to pKa of 706. The Atot and Ka values were validated, using data sets from in vivo and in vitro studies. Plasma unmeasured strong anion concentration was most accurately predicted in critically ill cattle by calculating SIG from serum albumin (R2, 0.66) or total protein concentration (R2, 0.60), compared with BEua (R2, 0.56), [XA] (R2, 0.50), and the anion gap (R2, 0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calculated values for Atot, Ka, and the SIG equation should facilitate application of the strong ion approach to acid-base disturbances in cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802, USA.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Constable
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000502:physiology*; D000138:Acidosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine