title: Efficacy and safety of entacapone in Parkinson's disease patients with suboptimal levodopa response: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study in Germany and Austria (Celomen study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor entacapone, used as an adjunct to levodopa, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this parallel group, randomized, double-blind study, 301 PD patients, the majority with motor fluctuations, received entacapone (200 mg) or placebo with each daily dose of standard or controlled-release (CR) levodopa. The 24-week treatment period was followed by 2 weeks of entacapone withdrawal. Efficacy was determined by home diaries ('on' and 'off' times), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and changes in levodopa dosage, and safety by adverse-event inquiry, vital signs, electro cardiography (ECG) and laboratory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total population, the UPDRS activities of daily living and motor scores were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by entacapone vs placebo. In fluctuating patients, 'on' time increased (1.7 h) and 'off' time decreased (1.5 h) significantly more with entacapone than with placebo (0.5 and 0.6 h, respectively; P < 0.05), and the daily levodopa dose was reduced by 54 mg with entacapone and increased by 27 mg with placebo (P < 0.05). Entacapone benefit was lost on withdrawal. Entacapone efficacy was comparable between patients using CR and standard levodopa preparations. Increased dyskinesias (entacapone 34%, placebo 26%) and nausea (10 and 5%, respectively), mostly occurring shortly after treatment initiation, were generally managed by reducing the levodopa dose. Diarrhoea (entacapone 8%, placebo 4%) was seldom severe. There were no differences in vital signs, ECG or laboratory results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Entacapone is an effective and safe levodopa extender and enhancer, improving the symptomatic efficacy of levodopa in PD and adding to the patients' benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria. werner.poewe@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Poewe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deuschl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordin
authors.forename: E-R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kultalahti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001317:Austria; D065098:Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; D002396:Catechols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D065098:Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; D002396:Catechols; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; D007980:Levodopa; C071192:entacapone