title: Peptides interact in gonadotrophin regulation.
abstract: The regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) activity is vital to normal reproductive functioning of the female. Although gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has a prominent role in the regulation of LH it is now believed that other peptides are also involved. Among these peptides is oxytocin. The addition of oxytocin to cultures of pituitary cells from female rats elicited a concentration-dependent secretion of LH. This secretion was enhanced in an oestrogenised environment and was inhibited by progesterone and testosterone. Oxytocin administered to female rats at pro-oestrus advanced the endogenous LH surge that occurs on the evening of pro-oestrus. Conversely oxytocin receptor antagonist suppressed the production of the LH surge in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that endogenous oxytocin is a crucial component of LH regulation. In the human female, oxytocin administered during the late follicular phase advanced the onset of the midcycle LH surge. Oxytocin added to rat pituitary cells in vitro induced LH synthesis. Furthermore rats administered oxytocin on pro-oestrus had higher LH pituitary content following development of the LH surge than did rats administered saline. Thus oxytocin promoted synthesis and replacement in the pituitary of LH released into the circulation. Incubation of pituitary pieces with oxytocin plus GnRH induced secretion of amounts of LH greater than the sum of the amounts released by oxytocin and GnRH separately. Additionally the increased LH levels observed in the peripheral circulation of pentobarbitone-anaesthetised rats administered GnRH were enhanced if the rats received oxytocin prior to the GnRH. Thus oxytocin synergised with GnRH in stimulating LH release. Addition of diBucAMP reduced the oxytocin-mediated augmentation and dideoxyadenosine enhanced the augmentation, suggesting that oxytocin worked most efficiently in a milieu low in cAMP activity. The use of a cell immunoblot assay revealed that individual cells responded differently to oxytocin and to GnRH and that the two peptides could act on the same cell. Perifusion studies performed on hemipituitaries demonstrated that a LH response could be determined by the presence of three peptides, oxytocin, neuropeptide Y and GnRH. Hence oxytocin is potentially involved also in multiple interactions during the process of LH regulation. LH regulation is therefore apparently the result of a community of peptides acting in a co-operative network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, New Zealand. john.evans@chmeds.ac.nz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D010121:Oxytocin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone