title: The feasibility of paper-based Tracking Codes and electronic medical record systems to monitor tobacco-use assessment and intervention in an Individual Practice Association (IPA) Model health maintenance organization (HMO).
abstract: Despite evidence of its effectiveness, tobacco cessation is not systematically addressed in routine healthcare settings. Its measurement is part of the problem. A pilot study was designed to develop and implement two different tobacco tracking systems in two independent primary care offices that participated in an IPA Model health maintenance organization in Portland, Oregon. The first clinic, which utilized a paper-based charting system, implemented CPT-like tracking codes to measure and report tobacco-cessation activities, which were eventually included in the managed-care organization's (MCO) claims database. The second clinic implemented an electronic tracking system based on its computerized electronic medical record (EMR) charting system. This paper describes the pilot study, including the processes involved in building provider acceptance for the new tracking systems in these two clinics, the barriers and successes encountered during implementation, and the resources expended by the clinics and by the MCO during the pilot. The findings from the 3-month implementation period were that documentation of tobacco-use status remained stable at 42-45% in the paper-based clinic and increased from 79% to 88% in the EMR clinic. This pilot study demonstrated that Tracking Codes are a feasible preventive-care tracking system in paper-based medical offices. However, high levels of effort and support are needed, and a critical mass of insurers and health plans would need to adopt Tracking Codes before widespread use could be expected. Results of the EMR-based tracking system are also reviewed and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Providence Health System, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bentz
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bayley
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D004282:Documentation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007193:Independent Practice Associations / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D010355:Patient Identification Systems; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*