title: Endoscopic management and long-term follow-up of Dieulafoy's lesions in the upper GI tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the short-and long-term effectiveness of different methods of endoscopic treatment for bleeding Dieulafoy's lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were allocated into 2 groups according to the hemostatic method applied: (1) injection group (epinephrine and/or ethanolamine oleate), and (2) thermal coagulation group (heat probe), either alone or combined with epinephrine injection. The combination of epinephrine and ethanolamine oleate was used in 5 patients, epinephrine alone in 3, ethanolamine oleate alone in one, heat probe and epinephrine in 8, and heat probe alone in 1 patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dieulafoy's lesions were found in 18 (1%) of 1750 patients with acute nonvariceal upper GI bleeding. Comorbid conditions were present in 5 (28%) patients. Initial hemostasis was achieved endoscopically in 13 patients (72%) and permanent hemostasis in 17 patients (94%). Bleeding recurred in 5 patients (2 with concomitant disease) in the injection group; 3 were successfully retreated by heat probe coagulation and epinephrine injection, 1 with hemoclip application and 1 by surgery. There was no recurrent bleeding in thermal treatment group. Thermal treatment was significantly superior to injection (p = 0.0029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic thermal coagulation with or without epinephrine injection should be the initial treatment of choice for Dieulafoy's lesions. Mortality is lowest in patients with no significant comorbidity and an unremarkable medical history.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kasapidis
authors.forename: Philippos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgopoulos
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delis
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balatsos
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skandalis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019856:Ethanolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D019856:Ethanolamine; D004837:Epinephrine