title: Locus of control in relation to smoking cessation during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to investigate how the locus of control (LOC) varies between those who stop smoking in connection with pregnancy and those who do not. The LOC reflects the extent to which a person is in control of her or his life events.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and two women who were regular smokers at the time of conception and paid their first visits to the antenatal clinic (ANC) on account of the current pregnancy participated. The study was quantitative and questionnaire based, covering background factors, smoking habits, and the LOC. One hundred of the women were met a second time after the delivery. Smoking habits were monitored by the content of carbon monoxide in expired air. The LOC was recorded on a VAS scale (0-10). A lower index was consistent with a more internal LOC and a higher with a more external LOC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median LOC found was 4.0 (range 1.1-7.9). The LOC was not correlated to the CO in expired air. Younger age was linked to a more internal LOC, while worse sleep was correlated to a more external LOC (p<0.05). No differences were found between those who stopped smoking and those who did not. This was the case in both light and heavy smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LOC does not seem to influence the ability to stop smoking during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. runelindqvist@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology