title: Platelet-derived growth factor-AA-mediated functional angiogenesis in the rat epigastric island flap after genetic modification of fibroblasts is ischemia dependent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemically challenged flap tissue by means of gene transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isogenic rat fibroblasts were retrovirally transfected to produce platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA. Stable gene expression was monitored by PDGF-AA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eighty animals were divided into 2 groups (1 and 2), each with 4 subgroups. The angiogenic target was a 7 x 7-cm epigastric island flap used as a necrosis model. Group 1 received flap treatment 1 week before flap elevation: 10(7) genetically modified fibroblasts, expressing PDGF-AA (genetically modified fibroblasts) plus 1 mL of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (1A), 10(7) nonmodified fibroblasts (NMFB) plus 1 mL of DMEM (1B), 1 mL of DMEM (1C), and 1 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% (1D). All substances were injected at evenly distributed spots into the panniculus carnosus of the entire flap. Group 2 had the same flap treatment at the day of flap elevation. All flaps were sutured back. Seven days later, the flaps were harvested and examined both clinically, histologically, and immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, the GMFB produced up to 117.9 +/- 57.2 ng of PDGF-AA/mL medium during a 4-day period, compared with 0.7 +/- 0.6 ng of PDGF-AA/mL medium produced by NMFB in the same time period. In vivo production of PDGF-AA in flaps amounted to 1.3 +/- 0.7 ng of PDGF-AA/1 microL flap tissue for group 1A and 1.7 +/- 1.1 ng of PDGF-AA/1 microL flap tissue for group 2A seven days after cell transplantation. Fibroblasts persisted in all flaps from groups 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B without major inflammatory reaction. Clinically, group 2A developed significantly less flap necrosis compared with all other groups, including group 1A. Accordingly, only group 2A gave significant histologic and immunohistochemical evidence for enhanced angiogenesis within the flap tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After retroviral gene transfer, isogenic rat fibroblasts produce high amounts of PDGF-AA in vitro. In vivo, PDGF-AA can be detected in flaps receiving genetically modified fibroblasts, which suggests survival of the implanted fibroblasts in this model. PDGF-AA produced by GMFB can induce flap angiogenesis only under ischemic conditions in this model. Transplantation of PDGF-AA-overexpressing fibroblasts results in higher flap survival in this model.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Lübeck University Clinics, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Günther
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Machens
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiaume
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stefanovich
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siemers
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krapohl
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mailänder
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008940:Mitotic Index; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; C075278:platelet-derived growth factor A