title: Insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats regulatory polymorphism is not associated with hyperandrogenism in Spanish women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) regulatory polymorphism is associated with hyperandrogenism in a population of Spanish women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary institutional hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six hyperandrogenic patients and 38 healthy control women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood and serum samples were collected during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin gene VNTR regulatory polymorphism genotypes (classes I/I, I/III, and III/III alleles) and serum androgen levels. Insulin resistance was estimated from fasting glucose and insulin levels by using the homeostatic model assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of VNTR genotypes were 45.5%, 43.3%, and 11.2% for I/I, I/III, and III/III alleles considering patients and controls as a whole. These frequencies were not statistically different in controls (47.4%, 34.2%, and 18.4%) and in patients (44.8%, 46.9%, and 8.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperandrogenism and the insulin gene VNTR regulatory polymorphism are not associated in Spanish women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tellería
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: San Millán
authors.forename: Héctor F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Escobar-Morreale
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000150:complications; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013030:Spain; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone