title: Child and parent response to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
abstract: This study evaluated children's symptoms 3 and 9 months after the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, and the relationship between parent and child reactions when only the children had been in the building. Nine children who had been trapped in an elevator, 13 who had been on the observation deck, and 27 controls completed the Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index and a Fear Inventory. Parents completed these measures about the children and comparable measures about themselves. Exposed children reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and disaster-related fears; their parents reported experiencing PTSD symptoms. Only parents rated children's symptoms as decreasing significantly over time. Association between child symptoms and parent symptoms increased over time. Children's initial distress predicted parents' distress 9 months postdisaster.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Schneider Children's Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Harold S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Koplewicz
authors.forename: Juliet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Mary V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Solanto
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Carmen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abikoff
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Rona M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Novick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005107:Explosions; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011379:Prognosis; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors