title: Free radicals in alcoholic myopathy: indices of damage and preventive studies.
abstract: Chronic alcoholic myopathy affects up to two-thirds of all alcohol misusers and is characterized by selective atrophy of Type II (glycolytic, fast-twitch, anaerobic) fibers. In contrast, the Type I fibers (oxidative, slow-twitch, aerobic) are relatively protected. Alcohol increases the concentration of cholesterol hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde-protein adducts, though protein-carbonyl concentration levels do not appear to be overtly increased and may actually decrease in some studies. In alcoholics, plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol may be reduced in myopathic patients. However, alpha-tocopherol supplementation has failed to prevent either the loss of skeletal muscle protein or the reductions in protein synthesis in alcohol-dosed animals. The evidence for increased oxidative stress in alcohol-exposed skeletal muscle is thus inconsistent. Further work into the role of ROS in alcoholic myopathy is clearly warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College, London, England, UK. victor.preedy@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Victor R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Preedy
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Migiwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koll
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mantle
authors.forename: Onni
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niemela
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parkkila
authors.forename: Alistair G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Paice
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Rajkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajendram
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Worrall
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C002843:cholesterol hydroperoxide; D002784:Cholesterol