title: Molecular genotyping of human cryptosporidiosis in Northern Ireland: epidemiological aspects and review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cryptosporidium parvum is the most common of the protozoal pathogens associated with gastrointestinal disease in Northern Ireland. Genotyping techniques are valuable in helping to elucidate sources and modes of transmission of this parasite. There have been no reports on the prevalence of genotypes in Northern Ireland, mainly due to a lack of discriminatory genotyping techniques, which recently have become available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the genotype of C. parvum oocysts isolated from human faeces in sporadic cases of cryptosporidiosis in Northern Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine isolates of C. parvum, representing 79.6% of the total 1998 laboratory reports for the Eastern Health and Social Services Board, were investigated. Following DNA extraction from oocysts the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein 2 (TRAP-C2) locus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of isolates (87.2%) were classified as bovine genotype II with the remainder (12.8%) being the human genotype I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of the bovine genotype II parasite in sporadic cases around the greater Belfast area. Epidemiologically, this suggests that the most frequent mode of transmission may be from animals to humans, but does not suggest a high proportion of human to human spread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crothers
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dooley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009660:Northern Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C069428:thrombospondin-related adhesive protein, protozoan