title: Determinants of costs and resource utilization associated with open heart surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the patient- and the therapy-related determinants of in-hospital costs for patients undergoing heart surgery at the University Hospital in Zurich.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of all adult cardiac surgical patients from the canton St. Gallen who were covered by a fixed fee arrangement (29,500 Swiss francs (19,470 Euro)) and referred to our institution during 1998. A total of 201 patients (143 (71%) male) with basic insurance were hospitalized in 1998 under the fixed fee arrangement. The mean age of the patients was 61.4 years (95% confidence intervals (CI): 60; 63). With the help of univariate analysis, the following pre-operative characteristics were found to be significantly associated with cost: age (P<0.001), pre-operative cardiac diagnosis (coronary vs valvular heart disease) (P<0.001) and EuroSCORE (P<0.0001). A significant correlation was also found between intra-operative variables and costs (P<0.0001) as well as between postoperative variables and costs (P<0.0001). A linear regression model based on EuroSCORE, operation time and postoperative infection status is able to predict costs for patients (all P -values <0.0001, except for P<0.05 for operation time, R(2)=0.565).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that both pre-operative (patient related) and intra-operative (therapy- and patient-related) variables are predictors of costs in cardiac surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Economics, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sokolovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruef
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwenkglenks
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Szucs
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland