Involvement of brain cytokines in the neurobehavioral disturbances induced by HIV-1 glycoprotein120.
Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120), the envelope protein used by the virus to gain access into immune cells, induces neurobehavioral alterations in rats. To examine the role of proinflammatory cytokines in mediating these effects, we measured the effects of gp120 on brain proinflammatory cytokine expression and the effects of anti-inflammatory agents, including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), pentoxifylline (a TNFalpha synthesis blocker) and IL-10, on gp120-induced sickness behavior. I.c.v. administration of gp120 induced the expression of IL-1beta, but not TNFalpha, mRNA in the hypothalamus, 3 h after the injection. Pretreatment of rats with IL-1ra, but not with pentoxifylline, significantly attenuated gp120-induced anorexia and loss in body weight, whereas both agents had no effect on gp120-induced reduction in locomotor activity in the open field. Pretreatment with either IL-1ra and pentoxifylline simultaneously, or with IL-10, produced effects that were similar to the effects of IL-1ra alone. Together, these findings indicate that IL-1, but not TNFalpha, mediates some of the behavioral effects of acute gp120 administration, suggesting that brain IL-1 may be involved in some of the neurobehavioral abnormalities evident in AIDS patients.
Barak
Ohr
O
Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel.
Goshen
Inbal
I
Ben-Hur
Tamir
T
Weidenfeld
Joseph
J
Taylor
Anna N
AN
Yirmiya
Raz
R
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D012803:Sick Role; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010431:Pentoxifylline