Free radicals in alcoholic myopathy: indices of damage and preventive studies.
Chronic alcoholic myopathy affects up to two-thirds of all alcohol misusers and is characterized by selective atrophy of Type II (glycolytic, fast-twitch, anaerobic) fibers. In contrast, the Type I fibers (oxidative, slow-twitch, aerobic) are relatively protected. Alcohol increases the concentration of cholesterol hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde-protein adducts, though protein-carbonyl concentration levels do not appear to be overtly increased and may actually decrease in some studies. In alcoholics, plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol may be reduced in myopathic patients. However, alpha-tocopherol supplementation has failed to prevent either the loss of skeletal muscle protein or the reductions in protein synthesis in alcohol-dosed animals. The evidence for increased oxidative stress in alcohol-exposed skeletal muscle is thus inconsistent. Further work into the role of ROS in alcoholic myopathy is clearly warranted.
Preedy
Victor R
VR
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College, London, England, UK. victor.preedy@kcl.ac.uk
Adachi
Junko
J
Asano
Migiwa
M
Koll
Michael
M
Mantle
David
D
Niemela
Onni
O
Parkkila
Seppo
S
Paice
Alistair G
AG
Peters
Timothy
T
Rajendram
Rajkumar
R
Seitz
Helmut
H
Ueno
Yasuhiro
Y
Worrall
Simon
S
D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C002843:cholesterol hydroperoxide; D002784:Cholesterol