title: The effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on spinal motor neuron excitability in people without known neuromuscular diseases: the roles of stimulus intensity and location.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) is widely acknowledged as an indirect indicator of spinal motor neuron excitability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES), applied over the dorsiflexors or plantar flexors of the ankle, would alter the soleus muscle's H-reflex. Attention was focused on the roles of stimulus intensity and location.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two volunteers without known neuromuscular diseases (17 women [53%]; mean years of age=27, SD=7.3, range=21-48) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups, and TES was administered for 15 minutes. Stimulation site and intensity varied according to group assignment. H-reflexes were recorded before and for 10 minutes after TES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H-reflex amplitudes increased following TES at sensory threshold, whereas H-reflex amplitudes did not change following TES at 1.5 times motor threshold. The site of stimulation did not influence the resulting H-reflexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-intensity TES increases H-reflex amplitudes (and presumably the excitability of spinal motor neurons to Ia afferent input) in subjects without known neuromuscular diseases. High-intensity TES had little influence on H-reflex amplitudes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Related Professions, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. phardy@shrp.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: S G Patrick
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Spalding
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Todd G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nick
authors.forename: Rebecca H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Antonio V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Dobrivoje S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Stokic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation