title: Immunohistochemical analysis of reactive astrocytes around glioblastoma: an immunohistochemical study of postmortem glioblastoma cases.
abstract: To investigate the mechanisms of proteolysis within the glioma, and tissue reactions against glioblastoma, immunohistochemical detection both outside and inside of the tumor was performed using seven brains with glioblastoma that were obtained from autopsies. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1,-2,-9, membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP), interleukin (IL)1-beta, and IL-6. The data were translated into color graphics and the localization of these proteins was analyzed. In glial cells around the tumor, GFAP, VEGF, MMP-2, and MT-MMP were strongly expressed. Moreover, IL1-beta was also expressed strongly in the glial cells at the periphery of the tumor. IL-6 was recognized outside of the tumor, but was expressed only in the swollen astrocytes and normal pyramidal cells. These data suggest that in the periphery of the tumor, tissue reconstruction processes take place with concomitant degradation of the matrix by MMP-2 and MT-MMP, as well as vascular remodeling promoted by VEGF. The fact that IL1-beta, but not IL-6, was expressed strongly in the glial cells around the tumor, may indicate that these proteins expressed outside of the tumor are not utilized for tumor growth, but may be used to guard the tumor against invasions, such as immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University, Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Kanagawa-ken, Yokohama-shi 227-8501, Japan. goro-n@po1.dti2.ne.jp
authors.forename: Goro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Ryuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Jun-ichirou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D001344:Autopsy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007378:Interleukins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases