title: Smoking and proteinuria impair vasodilatory response of intrarenal arteries to nitroglycerine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have addressed the effect of vasodilatory stimuli on the intrarenal arterial system in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and factors affecting its responsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-four patients with type 2 DM without renal failure were enrolled, and 25 subjects served as controls. Using duplex Doppler sonography, resistive indices (RI) of interlobar arteries were measured before and after sublingual nitroglycerine (NTG) (0.3 mg) spray over a 10-min period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Per cent changes in RI (%DeltaRI) in the DM group were significantly less than in controls (P<0.05), as was the area over the %DeltaRI-time curve (AOC-%DeltaRI, total responsiveness to nitroglycerine) (P<0.05). In the DM group, significant negative correlations were found between AOC-%DeltaRI and age (r=-0.492, P<0.0001). AOC-%DeltaRI in DM patients with proteinuria was significantly lower than without it (P<0.003). AOC-%DeltaRI in smokers was also significantly lower than in nonsmokers (P<0.05). By multiple regression analysis of the DM group, AOC-%DeltaRI was found to be significantly and independently affected by age (beta=-0.394), smoking (beta=-0.211), and the presence of proteinuria (beta=-0.270; R(2)=0.354, P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic patients have a lower level of responsiveness to NTG. Advanced age, smoking, and proteinuria significantly affect response to NTG in DM patients, suggesting that advanced intrarenal arteriosclerosis may be contributory. Smoking is suggested to be a risk factor for progression of diabetic nephropathy, likely contributing to poor responsiveness of the intrarenal arterial system to vasodilatory stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniwaki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emoto
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawagishi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin