title: Dysplastic vessels after surgery for brain arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cause and clinical significance of residual dysplastic vessels after surgery for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are unclear. We studied predictors and frequency of residual dysplastic vessels on cerebral angiography after AVM surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 240 prospectively enrolled surgical patients from the New York AVM Databank underwent 269 AVM-related surgical procedures. Reported postoperative brain angiographic findings were classified post hoc as showing (1) persistent dysplastic vessels, (2) a residual AVM, (3) focal hyperemia in the surgical bed, (4) other changes, or (5) a normal angiogram. Univariate and multivariate models were applied to test for an association between residual dysplastic vessels and patient age, sex, preoperative AVM size, anatomic AVM location, number of embolization procedures before surgery, and the time interval between AVM surgery and the postoperative angiogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 224 documented postoperative angiograms, 78 (35%) showed dysplastic vessels, 24 (11%) had evidence for a residual AVM, 16 (7%) showed focal hyperemia, 6 (2%) revealed other findings, and 100 (45%) were normal. The number of cases showing angiographic evidence for dysplastic vessels was significantly associated with increasing size of the AVM (in millimeter increments; P=0.0001); the mean diameter of AVMs in patients showing dysplastic vessels after surgery was significantly larger (41 mm, SD +/-14) than in those without residual dysplastic vessels (27 mm, SD +/-13; P<0.001). Symptomatic postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients (1%), in 2 of whom dysplastic vessels were seen on the postoperative angiogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that persistent dysplastic vessels may be found in approximately one third of angiograms after AVM surgery. Preoperative AVM size was found to be an independent predictor for the occurrence of dysplastic vessels on the postoperative angiogram.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. christian.stapf@medizin.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stapf
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sciacca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pile-Spellman
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*