title: Seasonal affective disorder in an Arctic community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of seasonal-pattern depression in an Inuit community above 70 degrees N.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and eleven people from randomly selected households were surveyed for depression and anxiety and the effect of the seasons on their mood. Eighty-eight people provided replies on the influence of the seasons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One in five (22.6%) of the community sample was found to be depressed. Of these, seven (6.3%) had seasonal affective disorder (SAD), with fall onset occurring in six of these (5.4%). Subsyndromal SAD (SSAD) occurred in 11.7%, while any effect of the seasons (seasonality) occurred in 39.6%. Persons with SSAD and seasonality were significantly older than those unaffected by the seasonal effect. No other significant correlation of SAD, SSAD, or seasonality occurred with gender, age, and language preference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seasonal mood changes in this Inuit group living in the Canadian Arctic are elevated above the rates found in other studies using similar survey methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. jhaggart@uwo.ca
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haggarty
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cernovsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kermeen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merskey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001110:Arctic Regions / Q000453:epidemiology; D002170:Canada; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004930:Inuit; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D015995:Prevalence; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires