title: Morbidity and mortality following pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the frequency of morbidity and mortality associated with pallidotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors searched the MEDLINE electronic database for pallidotomy articles reported between January 1992 and December 2000. They selected studies by the following criteria: original clinical data, unequivocal description of morbidity and mortality, and unselected consecutive cases. The authors extracted the following data: number of patients, unilateral or bilateral procedures, age, localization technique, follow-up time, number of patients with adverse effects, number of patients with permanent adverse effects (>3 months), types of adverse effects, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For unilateral pallidotomy, 12 prospective studies included 334 patients. Of these patients, 30.2% (95% CI, 25.3 to 35.2) had adverse effects, and 13.8% (95% CI, 10.1 to 17.5) had permanent adverse effects. A symptomatic infarction or hemorrhage occurred in 3.9% (95% CI, 2.1 to 6.6). The mortality rate was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.3 to 3.0). In the series with microelectrode recording, the frequency of adverse effects was 14.4% (95% CI, 4.7 to 24.1) higher and the frequency of stroke was 4.9% (95% CI, 1.4 to 8.4) higher. The most frequent adverse effects were problems with speech (11.1%) and facial paresis (8.4%). For bilateral pallidotomy, five historical cohort studies including 20 patients were available for review. Fourteen patients had an adverse effect, and the most frequent adverse effects were impairments of speech and cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of permanent adverse effects associated with unilateral pallidotomy was 13.8%. A symptomatic infarction or hemorrhage occurred in 3.9% of patients, and the associated mortality rate was 1.2%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schuurman
authors.forename: R A J
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Esselink
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Speelman
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data