title: [Microsurgical treatment of apical region by combined orbital pterygoid approach].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study microsurgical treatment of orbital apical region tumor by combined orbital pterygoid approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 21 cases, manifestations and surgical methods were analyzed retrospectively. The surgical approach and procedure were discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the 21 cases were treated by combined orbital pterygoid approach. The tumors were removed completely in 18 cases, and partially resected in 3. There was no death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This kind of mass is difficult to explore by either transorbital or transcranial approach because of its position. Combined orbital pterygoid approach provides better access and exploration. Appropriate surgical approach, hemostasis and gentle microsurgical manipulation are the key to reducing postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome