title: Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 messenger ribonucleic acids after forebrain ischemia in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a large dose of dexamethasone affected brain damage induced by concurrent cerebral ischemia, we used in situ hybridization to examine the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in rats with and without dexamethasone administration after transient forebrain ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective experimental study in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental laboratory in a teaching hospital and university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty adult rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty minutes of transient forebrain ischemia was induced by occlusion of four vessels in lightly anesthetized rats. Thirty-six animals received dexamethasone (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) after initial reperfusion. Thirty-six dexamethasone-control rats were injected with saline, and the remaining animals underwent sham surgery but no ischemia or dexamethasone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using in situ hybridization, we determined hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNA expression 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hrs and 2, 3, 4, and 7 days after brain ischemia. Additionally, hippocampal CA1 region cell death was measured with Nissl stains. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNA exhibited a biphasic response after ischemia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA showed two peaks of 4.07-fold and 2.84-fold increases relative to sham operation at 6 hrs and 2 days, respectively. Neurotrophin-3 mRNA initially decreased to 59% of sham levels at 4 hrs and then increased to 146% at 3 days before it returned to basal levels. When the ischemic rats were treated with dexamethasone, the elevation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and the reduction of neurotrophin-3 mRNA level were prevented within the first 24 hrs, and hippocampal CA1 neurons were protected from ischemia-induced cell loss 7 days after brain ischemia. The protein levels of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 in general correspond to the mRNA levels in the hippocampal region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexamethasone modulates the intriguing temporal and spatial expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 that predominantly supports neuronal innervation at different times after brain ischemia and also may provide specific trophic support for various neurons in the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Tsung
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chen-Nen
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tsong-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jee-Ching
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Teng-Nan
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yung-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsieh Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D020933:Neurotrophin 3 / Q000032:analysis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003907:Dexamethasone