title: Effects of training on female trapezius Myalgia: An intervention study with a 3-year follow-up period.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term effects of three training interventions on women with work-related trapezius myalgia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Studies with long-term follow-up evaluation of interventions for neck pain are scarce and usually cover fewer than 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 126 women with work-related trapezius myalgia were randomized into strength, muscular endurance, or coordination training or into a nontraining reference group. Intervention training occurred three times a week for 10 weeks. Assessment of pain intensity, pressure pain thresholds, symptom frequency, perceived health, and work and exercise habits was performed before and immediately after interventions, then at clinical examinations 8 months and 17 months after the interventions. Participation rates at these follow-up assessments were 84% and 81%. At 3 years after the interventions, a questionnaire was answered by 94% of the participants, 17 of whom were dropouts that never participated in any of the four intervention groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the training programs showed similar pain reducing effects immediately after the interventions. Pain reductions were maintained at follow-up evaluations, but at the 8-month follow-up assessment, there were no differences between the training groups and the reference group on any variable. At 3 years after the interventions, the intervention groups did not differ from the dropout group. Almost half (49%) of the women had persistent symptoms at the 3-year follow-up assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term effect of all the training programs was low. Pain in neck and shoulder muscles was persistent in a large proportion of the women over the 3 years.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine and Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. http://www.spinejournal.com/
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waling
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Järvholm
authors.forename: Gunnevi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sundelin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010807:Physical Endurance; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome