title: Sex differences in tuberculosis in Hong Kong.
abstract: METHODS
  The Hong Kong Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine sex differences in the rate and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Notification rates of tuberculosis during the past five decades were obtained from the Hong Kong Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong. In addition, all patients registered with the Chest Service for treatment of tuberculosis in 1996 were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of tuberculosis during the past five decades was consistently higher in men than in women, irrespective of age group. The sex difference in rates was highest among those aged over 60 years. In 1996, a higher proportion of women had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis than men; the main site of involvement was the lymph nodes. More women completed treatment at 12 months and fewer women missed treatment appointments. A higher proportion of men had relapse pulmonary disease that was more extensive, a history of previous default from treatment and co-morbid illnesses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are sex differences in the rates and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Study of sex differences is essential for targeting prevention programmes at groups at higher risk.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. mmwchan@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan-Yeung
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noertjojo
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D018563:Disease Notification; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents