title: Seminal vesicle involvement in patients with D1 disease predicts early prostate specific antigen recurrence and metastasis after radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy persists regarding the management of patients who present with locally advanced metastatic prostate carcinoma. Although radical prostatectomy is not curative, there is growing evidence that survival may be prolonged when the surgery is combined with early androgen ablation. In the current study, the authors present data with which to evaluate and define factors for disease progression in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with lymph node positive disease who are treated with early endocrine ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 40 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation between 1987-1998, all of whom had lymph node positive disease, were analyzed. Age, preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical and pathologic Gleason score, surgical margin, seminal vesicle involvement (SVI), and the number and percentage of involved positive lymph nodes were analyzed to predict PSA progression, metastasis, and death using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis identified only SVI as a statistically significant predictor of PSA progression and metastasis. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) were found to have SVI. Multivariate analysis failed to identify other factors that added significantly to the predictive ability of SVI. Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to PSA recurrence and metastasis demonstrated that SVI was highly predictive of disease progression. The median time to PSA progression for the 27 patients with SVI was 7.5 years compared with no progression reported in the 13 patients without SVI (P = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VI is a very powerful predictor of disease progression in patients with lymph node positive disease who undergo radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation. In the current study, preoperative PSA, clinical or pathologic Gleason scores, and other clinical factors were not found to be predictive of disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of California at Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA. tahlerin@uci.edu
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ahlering
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Skarecky
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000473:pathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen