title: Evaluation of a rapid-format antibody test and the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of tuberculosis in two contrasting endemic settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated a rapid-format antibody card test and the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in high (Cairo, Egypt) and low (St. Louis, USA) prevalence areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of hospitalized TB patients and controls with other chest diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test performance varied significantly in the two study sites. The antibody test detected 87% of 71 smear-positive pulmonary TB cases (86% of smear-negative pulmonary cases and 48% of TB meningitis cases) in Egypt; specificity was 82%. The tuberculin test was highly sensitive in Egypt in subjects with pulmonary TB (100%) but not in those with meningitis (23%); specificity was 70%. The sensitivity and specificity of the antibody test in St. Louis were 29% and 79%, respectively; 50% of St. Louis TB cases and 15% of controls had positive tuberculin tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This convenient antibody card test may have value for diagnosis of patients suspected of having TB in high prevalence areas like Egypt. However, the specificity of the test is too low for it to be useful as a screening test. Our results suggest that neither the antibody test nor the tuberculin test have much diagnostic utility in low prevalence settings like St. Louis.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Division, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: McConkey
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azem
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Frenck
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Weil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012698:Serologic Tests; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial