title: Transcervical needle biopsy for the differential diagnosis between uterine sarcoma and leiomyoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical differential diagnosis between uterine sarcoma and benign leiomyoma is difficult even with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, a considerable number of patients have undergone hysterectomies due to an indication of "suspected malignancy" based on tumor size alone. However, approximately 80% of these hysterectomies have been judged to have been recommended inappropriately. In such situations, reliable preoperative diagnostic tests are required. The authors have evaluated the accuracy of needle biopsy for uterine myoma-like tumors, a procedure that to the authors' knowledge has been performed infrequently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcervical needle biopsy was performed in 435 patients with uterine myoma-like tumors. The biopsy specimens were scored for degree of malignancy according to the histopathologic criteria proposed by Bell et al. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens and clinical outcome after 2 years of follow-up were used as the reference standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 435 patients, 7 had uterine sarcomas, 4 of which were scored as > or = 4 points and were diagnosed as "sarcoma" by needle biopsy alone. No sarcoma cases were included in the group of patients with a score of 0. The cutoff score combining the highest sensitivity and specificity with respect to distinguishing uterine leiomyosarcoma from uterine leiomyoma was 2; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 98.6%, 58%, and 100.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcervical needle biopsy using histopathologic scoring is a reliable diagnostic test for the differential diagnosis between uterine sarcoma and leiomyoma. This diagnostic method, combined with MRI screening, could reduce the number of patients currently undergoing unnecessary surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. kawamuraog@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Kumiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ishiko
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haba
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakasa
authors.forename: Sachio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*