title: Decreased matrix degradation in diabetic nephropathy: effects of ACE inhibition on the expression and activities of matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracellular matrix accumulation is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Increased matrix synthesis has been well documented but the effects of diabetes on degradative pathways, particularly in the in vivo setting, have not been fully explored. Furthermore, the effect of renoprotective therapies on matrix accumulation through these pathways has not been examined. We investigated the degradative pathway of type IV collagen and the effects of ACE inhibition in experimental diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in 16 rats by administrating streptozocin; 8 of the diabetic rats were allocated at random to receive the ACE inhibitor perindopril (2 mg/l) in their drinking water and 8 age and weight matched rats served as controls. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ( TIMP) was measured by RT-PCR and type IV collagen content by immunohistochemistry. MMP activities were determined by degradation of a radiolabelled substrate and by zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six months of diabetes was associated with a decrease in mRNA and enzymatic activity of MMP-9 (21 % and 51 % respectively, p < 0.05 vs control) and a 51 % increase in TIMP-1 mRNA ( p < 0.05 vs control). By contrast, MMP-2 mRNA was increased but its activity decreased (43 % and 43 % respectively, p < 0.05 vs control). Total degradative capacity of kidney tissue from diabetic rats was also lower (Control: 48 +/- 7 %, Diabetic: 33 +/- 6 %, p < 0.05). Activation of latent MMPs with amino-phenylmercuric acetate increased matrix degradation by two-fold. However the relative decrease associated with experimental diabetes still remained. All diabetes-associated changes in MMP and TIMP mRNA and activities were attenuated by perindopril treatment in association with reduced type IV collagen accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the impairment of matrix degradation contributes to matrix accumulation in diabetic nephropathy and that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition could in part be mediated by modulation of changes in matrix degradative pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. sue@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: McLennan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000473:pathology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017931:DNA Primers; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D003094:Collagen; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9