title: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax activates lung resistance-related protein expression in leukemic clones established from an adult T-cell leukemia patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the significance of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein-induced resistance to anticancer drugs and the relationship between Tax and multidrug resistance proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  S1T cell, a leukemic non-Tax-producing T-cell clone established from an adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patient, S1TcTax05 and S1TcTax10 clones, transfected with Tax stably expressing cDNA, and S1Tneo, transfected with a neomycin-resistant gene, were examined for Tax-related anticancer drug resistance. Resistance of those cells to the anticancer drugs doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and vindesine was tested with the MTT method. Expression of multidrug resistance protein mRNAs (MDR1, MRP1, cMOAT/MRP2, and LRP) was analyzed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Doxorubicin subcellular distribution in those cells was examined by fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S1TcTax05 and S1TcTax10 showed resistance to doxorubicin, etoposide, and vindesine, but not to cisplatin as compared with S1T or S1Tneo. RT-PCR demonstrated that MRP1 mRNA was expressed, but MDR1, cMOAT, and LRP mRNAs were not in S1T or S1Tneo. Marked expression of LRP mRNA was detected, but no change of MDR1, MRP1, or cMOAT mRNA expression in Tax-expressing S1TcTax05 and S1TcTax10. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that doxorubicin was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm of S1TcTax05 and S1TcTax10, and in the nucleus of S1T and S1Tneo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Tax-related drug resistance of ATL cells is due to LRP and not MDR1, as reported previously. These findings in cells derived from an ATL patient suggest a novel mechanism for drug resistance in Tax-expressing ATL cells.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimune
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terashi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Nakaaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokito
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtsubo
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.forename: Naomichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Chuwa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tei
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000502:physiology*; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020394:Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles; D000099187:Major Vault Protein
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020394:Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles; D000099187:Major Vault Protein; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1