title: Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts may play a role in the inflammatory responses and in extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on chemokine (IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1) and ECM turnover (proliferation of subepithelial myofibroblasts, and secretion of ECM and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)) in colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts were isolated using the method described by Mahida et al. Chemokine and MMP expressions were determined by ELISA and Northern blotting. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and NF-IL6 DNA binding activities were evaluated by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays (EMSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1beta and TNF-alpha did not affect the proliferation of subepithelial myofibroblasts, but stimulated the secretion of types I and IV collagens weakly. Unstimulated subepithelial myofibroblasts secreted a large amount of MMP-2, but a small amount of IL-8, MCP-1 and MMP-1. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha both induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in IL-8, MCP-1 and MMP-1 secretion, and weakly stimulated MMP-2 secretion. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha both rapidly evoked NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation markedly blocked both IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA expression, but did not affect MMP-1 mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicate that chemokine secretion and ECM metabolism are collectively regulated by the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, in colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts. Thus, colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts may play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation in the colon.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamba
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011336:Probability; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1