title: [Positive influence of color experience on result of color-arrangement-test Roth 28-hue (E) desaturated - a clinical study on 44 patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The color arrangement test can be applied for early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, even small confusion of colors influence clinical diagnosis. It is therefore necessary to be aware of influential factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients with color-experience (VW-Werk Wolfsburg) were included and devided in two groups: group 1: non-smokers without ophthalmological and systemic diseases (n = 27, 42+/-9 years), group 2: smokers without ophthalmological and systemic diseases (n = 17; 43+/-8 years). The control group 3 (n = 30; 42+/-4 years) included non-smokers and the control group 4 (n = 10; 42+/-8 years) smokers, both groups without color-experience, ophthalmological and systemic diseases. Besides the ophthalmological examinations (visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, slit lamp and fundus examination) the color-vision was tested by the color-arrangement-test Roth 28-hue (E) desaturated monocularly under standard conditions: The background used was black cardboard, illuminated by two Osram fluorescent lamps (L36W/12LDL Daylight) providing 2000 lux at the test table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ophthalmological examination in all subjects was without pathological findings. The mean error score in the non-smokers with color-experience (median+/-mean absolute deviation: 48+/-47) was lower than in the non-smokers without color experience (72+/-45; Mann-Withney-U-Test: p = 0.02). The mean error score in the smokers with color-experience (60+/-60) was lower than in the smokers without color-experience (156+/-65; p = 0.0014). No statistically significant difference was found between the measurements of the right and left eye (Wilcoxon-Test: group 1: p = 0.89; group 2: p = 0.9; group 3: p = 0.77; group 4: p = 0.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Color experience improves the results in color-arrangement-tests like the Roth 28-hue (E) desaturated and should be considered in quantitative evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Jella
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meinrenken
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gockeln
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003119:Color Perception Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
vernacular_title: Positiver Einfluss von Farberfahrung auf das Ergebnis von Farbsinnprüfungen mit dem Farbpigmentprobentest Roth 28-hue (E) desaturiert - Klinische Studie an 44 Probanden.