Breastfeeding is analgesic in healthy newborns.
BACKGROUND
This study identifies a behavioral and nonpharmacologic means of preventing newborn pain.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether breastfeeding is analgesic in newborn infants undergoing heel lance-a routine, painful, hospital procedure.


METHODS
A prospective, randomized, controlled trial.


METHODS
Hospital maternity services at Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, and Beverly Hospital, Beverly, Massachusetts.


METHODS
A random sample of 30 full-term, breastfed infants.


METHODS
Infants in the intervention group were held and breastfed by their mothers during heel lance and blood collection procedures for the Newborn Screening Program Blood Test. Infants in the control group experienced the same blood test while receiving the standard hospital care of being swaddled in their bassinets.


METHODS
Crying, grimacing, and heart rate differences were analyzed between the breastfeeding and the control infants before, during, and after blood collection.


RESULTS
Crying and grimacing were reduced by 91% and 84%, respectively, from control infant levels during the blood collection. Heart rate was also substantially reduced by breastfeeding.


CONCLUSIONS
Breastfeeding is a potent analgesic intervention in newborns during a standard blood collection.
Gray
Larry
L
Section of Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Comers Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA. lag@uchicago.edu
Miller
Lisa W
LW
Philipp
Barbara L
BL
Blass
Elliott M
EM
D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D003448:Crying / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects