title: Associations between markers of respiratory morbidity in European children.
abstract: School-aged children often experience acute respiratory symptoms. In a multicentre European study, the association between chronic respiratory symptoms (reported in a questionnaire), skin-prick test results, and lung function, and the occurrence of acute respiratory morbidity, was examined among children aged 6-12 yrs with chronic respiratory symptoms. Children with chronic respiratory symptoms, living in 10 European countries, were selected from a parent-completed questionnaire (n=4,307). Atopy was measured with skin-prick tests, and lung function with spirometry. A total of 1,854 (86% of those in the initial cohort) children kept a successful daily diary regarding their respiratory symptoms for 2-3 months. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, children with asthmatic symptoms, particularly those with doctor-diagnosed asthma, had a greater risk of occurrence of lower respiratory symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 6.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.99-8.35) than children with a dry nocturnal cough as their only symptom. Atopy, particularly a positive reaction to indoor allergens, was significantly associated with occurrence of lower respiratory symptoms. For atopy the OR was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.34-1.96). A reduced level of maximal mid-expiratory flow was associated with an increased risk of lower respiratory symptoms, cough and phlegm. The associations were similar in Scandinavia, Central Eastern, Western and Southern Europe. To conclude, asthmatic symptoms reported in a questionnaire, atopic status and a reduced level of maximal mid-expiratory flow were associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms, especially those of lower respiratory symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute. Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Timonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunekreef
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018450:Disease Progression; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010328:Patch Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers