title: A child with earache. Are antibiotics the best treatment?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional management of acute otitis media, deduced from pathophysiology, embodies scant regard to analgesia, but concentrates on the microbiological cure by the use of antibiotics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A commonly encountered case of uncomplicated acute otitis media in a child of three is presented. An evidence based approach to management is offered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search for empirical evidence of patient relevant benefits and harms challenges the conventional approach. A Cochrane review of the literature on the use of antibiotics for acute otitis media shows that the benefits of antibiotic use (reduced pain in those children who go on to suffer pain beyond 24 hours) are offset by adverse events from the antibiotics themselves (gastrointestinal symptoms and rashes). There is insufficient information to be sure about rare complications of not using antibiotics as well using them, but it seems that in either case, catastrophe is very rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thinking in terms of a balance of harms and benefits would result in a decreased proportion of children prescribed antibiotics for acute otitis media.
authors.affiliation: Centre for General Practice, University of Queensland. C.DelMar@cgp.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Mar
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glasziou
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005194:Family Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents