title: Effectiveness of mass screening for endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of mass screening for endometrial cancer using Endocyte (Laboratoire CCD, Paris, France) endometrial smears.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were consecutive patients with documented endometrial cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1997, at 22 hospitals in Japan. One hundred twenty-six cases were detected by mass screening and 1,069 diagnosed in outpatient clinics. We compared the stage of cancer at diagnosis and survival rate of patients in the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early stage was significantly more frequent in the screening group (P < .001); stage I comprised 88.1% of the screening group as compared with 65.3% of the outpatient group. Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly more frequent in the screening group (P < .01); grade 1 constituted 74.7% of the screening group as compared with 61.0% of the outpatient group. The five-year survival rate was significantly higher in the screening group than in the outpatient group (94.0% vs. 84.3%, P = .041). The crude hazard ratio (HR) of dying of endometrial cancer for the screening group as compared to the outpatient group was .47 (95% CI .22-.99, P = .048). HR became .96 (95% CI .45-2.08, P = .925) after adjustment for age, study area and cancer stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that an endometrial cancer screening program would lead to early detection and improved survival among women with endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Public Health, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. cnakagawa@ob-gy.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakagawa-Okamura
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuramoto
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsubono
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jobo
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oomura
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hisamichi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010045:Outpatients; D016019:Survival Analysis