title: Improved differentiation of benign and malignant lymphadenopathy in patients with cutaneous melanoma by contrast-enhanced color Doppler sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether administration of a D-galactose-based signal enhancer is useful in color Doppler sonography (CDS) for better detection of vascularity patterns, which may help to differentiate malignant from benign lymph nodes in patients with cutaneous melanomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of B-mode sonography, native CDS, and signal-enhanced CDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty examinations in 19 patients (median age, 60 years; 10 men) who presented with echo-poor structures suggestive of lymphadenopathy in B-mode sonography during follow-up for cutaneous melanomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histopathologic and follow-up examinations; documentation by color prints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency of detection and description of different lymph node vascularity patterns in signal-enhanced CDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Signal-enhanced CDS revealed additional information about vascularization of lymph node metastases, reactive lymph nodes, hematomas, and seromas, which was helpful for the differential diagnosis in 15 of 20 examinations. For lymph node metastases, signal enhancement facilitated the detection of accessory peripheral vessels in most investigations. Concerning reactive lymph nodes, hilar vessels in part with branching to the lymph node periphery could be identified only after application of the contrast enhancer in most patients. Quantitative variables could not be measured in all cases and did not help to differentiate between malignant and reactive lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of a D-galactose-based signal enhancer for CDS in patients with cutaneous melanomas can help to differentiate malignant from reactive lymph nodes, hematomas, or seromas. However, these promising results require confirmation in a prospective multicenter study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Frauenlobstr 9-11, D-80337 Munich, Germany. M.Schmid-Wendtner@LRZ.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Monika-Hildegard
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schmid-Wendtner
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Partscht
authors.forename: Hans Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Korting
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volkenandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color