title: An animal model of Tourette's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An animal model was used to investigate an autoimmune etiology for some cases of Tourette's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from 12 patients with Tourette's syndrome with high levels of antineural or antinuclear antibodies were infused bilaterally into the ventrolateral striatum of rats. Sera from 12 additional Tourette's syndrome patients and 12 normal subjects (both groups with low levels of autoantibodies) were infused for comparison. Rates of oral stereotypies were recorded by observers who were blind to the origin of the infused sera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral stereotypies significantly increased in the rats infused with sera from the patients with high levels of autoantibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are consistent with an autoimmune etiology in a subset of cases of Tourette's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Children's Clinical Research Center, School of Nursing, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Jane R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Syed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morshed
authors.forename: Salina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parveen
authors.forename: Marcos T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leckman
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lombroso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies