title: Effect of endocrine disrupters on immune responses in vitro.
abstract: It has been reported that endocrine disrupters (EDs) have several biological activities, especially on endocrine systems. We studied the effect of EDs such as diethyl stilbesterol (DES), 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol (BPA), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (EHP) and p-nonylphenol (NP) on murine spleen cells in vitro. DES, BPA, EHP and NP enhanced concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferative responses of spleen cells. The activity was most effective at the concentration of 10(-7) M. These EDs stimulated both T cells and B cells. They also enhanced cytokine productions such as interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma, and the total immunoglobulin G production of spleen cells. Furthermore, these EDs enhanced cytokine productions such as tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 by macrophages. These results suggest that EDs have a modulating activity on immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Uki
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Etsushi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010968:Plasticizers