title: Gene therapy for cancer using single-chain Fv fragments specific for 4-1BB.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against the T-cell activation molecule 4-1BB have been effective in the treatment of established mouse tumors. To create a vaccine that stimulates the immune system similarly to the efficacious monoclonal anti-4-1BB antibody, 1D8, we constructed a vector encoding cell-bound single-chain Fv fragments from 1D8. We transfected the vector into cells from the K1735 melanoma, selected because of its low immunogenicity and very low expression of major histocompatibility complex class I. The transfected cells induced a strong type 1 T-helper cell response, for which CD4+ but not CD8+ T lymphocytes were necessary and that involved natural killer cells. Vaccinated mice rejected established wild-type K1735 tumors growing as subcutaneous nodules or in the lung. An analogous approach may be effective against micrometastases in human patients, including tumors whose expression of major histocompatibility complex class I is very low.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Zhengmao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayden-Ledbetter
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlin
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ledbetter
authors.forename: Karl Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hellström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014162:Transfection; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505714:TNFRSF9 protein, human; C505715:Tnfrsf9 protein, mouse; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9; C055966:immunoglobulin Fv; D007371:Interferon-gamma