title: Contact examination for tuberculosis in Hong Kong is useful.
abstract: METHODS
  The tuberculosis programme of the Hong Kong Government Tuberculosis and Chest Service.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcome of examination of household contacts in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of all household contacts of 970 randomly selected index cases from a total of 5757 registered for treatment with the Chest Service.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2678 household contacts (three/index case) identified, 90% were examined; 41 active cases were found, at a rate of 1720/100000 (95%CI 1238-2329). The rate was highest among two extremes of age, 3604/100000 (95%CI 990-3615) in children < or = 5 years and 3347/100000 (95%CI 1456-6489) in those >60 years of age. Contacts of index cases whose sputum smear and culture were positive had the highest rate of disease, 2904/100000 (95%CI 1669-4673); but contacts with negative bacteriology also had a high rate of 1478/100000 (95%CI 678-2789). Active cases identified through contact tracing could be source cases rather than secondary cases. Eight per cent of children aged < or = 5 years had positive tuberculin reactions; as BCG vaccination is given to all newborns, with 99% coverage in Hong Kong in the past 30 years, it was difficult to estimate the rate of infection in these children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Hong Kong, an area with an intermediate burden of tuberculosis, contact investigation is a very useful procedure for active case finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noertjojo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan-Yeung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016358:Contact Tracing; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*