title: Mammary gland carcinogenesis by food-derived heterocyclic amines: metabolism and additional factors influencing carcinogenesis by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP).
abstract: The heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are a family of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds found in cooked meats. Several HCAs are mammary gland carcinogens in rats. Of these compounds, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is the major one present in the human diet. This report reviews the studies on rat mammary gland carcinogenesis by HCAs; discusses what is currently known regarding mechanisms of mammary gland carcinogenesis of PhIP, especially the significance of metabolic processing; and further highlights the evidence for the possible role of PhIP in human breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. elizabeth_snyderwine@nih.gov
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Snyderwine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007093:Imidazoles; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine