title: Inhibition of PC-3 human prostate cancers by analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) endowed with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antagonistic activity.
abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates the proliferation and invasiveness of malignant prostatic cells. Receptors for VIP and the closely related growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) show considerable homology and are found in prostatic and other carcinomas. Among various analogs of GH-RH synthesized, JV-1-52 is a non-selective VIP/GH-RH antagonist, whereas JV-1-53 is a VIP antagonist devoid of GH-RH antagonistic effect. In our study, nude mice bearing PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate carcinomas were treated with JV-1-52 or JV-1-53 (20 microg/day, s.c.) for 28 days. Both antagonists produced a similar reduction in tumor volume (62-67%, p < 0.01) and tumor weight (59-62%; p < 0.05) vs. controls and extended tumor doubling-time from 9.1 to about 16 days (p < 0.05). To investigate the mechanisms involved, in another study we compared the effects of JV-1-53 with those of somatostatin analog RC-160. VIP antagonist JV-1-53 reduced tumor weight by 67% (p < 0.01) and suppressed the expression of mRNA for c-fos and c-jun oncogenes by about 34% (p < 0.05), without affecting serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). In contrast, RC-160 (50 microg/day) reduced serum IGF-I by 19% (p < 0.05), but did not significantly decrease tumor weight. mRNA for VIP and high affinity receptors for VIP were detected on PC-3 tumors. Our results suggest that VIP/GH-RH antagonists can inhibit the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer by abrogating the autocrine/paracrine mitogenic stimuli of VIP. The ability of GH-RH antagonists to block tumoral VIP receptors, in addition to GH-RH receptors, could be potentially beneficial for prostate cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-1262, USA.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plonowski
authors.forename: Jozsef L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Andrew V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schally
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krupa
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halmos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C453741:JV 1-52; C453742:JV 1-53; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone