title: Interpersonal predictors of HbA(1c) in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research suggests that increased collaboration and satisfaction in the patient-provider relationship is associated with better outcomes in patients with diabetes. In adults, an interpersonal style characterized by low trust of others and excessive self-reliance is known as "dismissing attachment style." We hypothesized that diabetic patients with dismissing attachment style, due to a decreased ability to collaborate with providers and others, would have significantly higher HbA(1c) levels than patients with secure attachment style.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 276 adult tertiary care patients with type 1 diabetes, we obtained mean HbA(1c) levels over the prior year and assessed patient attachment style, demographics, and clinical characteristics. We used chi(2) tests and logistic regression to determine whether attachment style was associated with HbA(1c) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 62% of patients with dismissing attachment style had mean HbA(1c) levels >or=8% compared with 34% of patients with secure attachment style (P = 0.002). After adjusting for demographics, diabetes severity, medical comorbidity, and depression, dismissing attachment style remained significantly associated with HbA(1c) levels >or=8%, compared with secure attachment style (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-6.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found that dismissing attachment style is associated with a higher risk for poor glycemic control. This has relevance from a population-based perspective because approximately 25% of the general population has a dismissing attachment style. Attachment style is easily measured using self-report instruments and may inform clinicians how to work with patients who are less engaged in the health care relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. pavelcie@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Ciechanowski
authors.forename: Irl B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Wayne J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Katon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers