title: Statistical analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: impact of mutations in genes involved in twitching motility, cell-to-cell signaling, and stationary-phase sigma factor expression.
abstract: Four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (wild type, Delta(pil)HIJK mutant, lasI mutant, and rpoS mutant) were genetically tagged with the green fluorescent protein, and the development of flow chamber-grown biofilms by each of them was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The structural developments of the biofilms were quantified by the computer program COMSTAT (A. Heydorn, A. T. Nielsen, M. Hentzer, C. Sternberg, M. Givskov, B. K. Ersbøll, and S. Molin, Microbiology 146:2395-2407, 2000). Two structural key variables, average thickness and roughness, formed the basis for an analysis of variance model comprising the four P. aeruginosa strains, five time points (55, 98, 146, 242, and 314 h), and three independent rounds of biofilm experiments. The results showed that the wild type, the Delta(pil)HIJK mutant, and the rpoS mutant display conspicuously different types of temporal biofilm development, whereas the lasI mutant was indistinguishable from the wild type at all time points. The wild type and the lasI mutant formed uniform, densely packed biofilms. The rpoS mutant formed densely packed biofilms that were significantly thicker than those of the wild type, whereas the Delta(pil)HIJK mutant formed distinct microcolonies that were regularly spaced and almost uniform in size. The results are discussed in relation to the current model of P. aeruginosa biofilm development.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Microbiology, The Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heydorn
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ersbøll
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hentzer
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Parsek
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tolker-Nielsen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Givskov
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molin
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D003470:Culture Media; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; C081237:LasI protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; C069567:sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins