title: Human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate spontaneous metastasis, micrometastasis and genetic stability in human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intact tissue from surgical specimens from breast carcinoma patients was xenografted into nude mice and transplanted from generation to generation. Cells from the xenografts were cultured in vitro and retransplanted into nude mice. Microsatellite DNA in the genome of human breast carcinomas, xenotransplanted tumors and metastases in nude mice were analyzed at three microsatellite loci.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumorigenicity of orthotopic xenotransplantation was 88.6% (31/35), with a metastatic rate of 41.9% (13/31). Cells from xenotransplants were successfully cultured in vitro. The taking rate of retransplantation into nude mice and the spontaneous lung metastasis rate were both 100% (10/10). Microsatellite DNA sequences in the genome of xenotransplanted tumors and metastases in nude mice were identical with that of the original human breast carcinoma at three microsatellite loci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumorigenicity and metastatic potential can be improved in human breast carcinoma xenografts using intact fresh tumor tissue and orthotopic grafts. Xenotransplanted tumors and tumors after serial passage maintained the genetic stability. The detection of microsatellite DNA may identify micrometastases in a nude mouse model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Clinical School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100036, China. lizh680225@sina.com
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xinfu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jiyou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Langui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yongwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured