title: Assessing diagnostic accuracy and tympanocentesis skills by nurse practitioners in management of otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess healthcare provider accuracy in recognizing the physical examination findings of acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) and technical competence in performing tympanocentesis using a simulation model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study of 1,271 pediatricians and 206 nurse practitioners (NPs) who viewed 9 different video-recorded pneumatic otoscopic examinations of tympanic membranes (TMs) during a continuing medical education (CME) course. Diagnostic differentiation of AOM, OME and normal was ascertained. A mannequin model of a one-two year old child was used to assess technical proficiency of performing tympanocentesis on artificial tympanic membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the average correct diagnosis by all healthcare providers was 46% (range = 25% to 71%); by pediatricians it was 50% (25% to 71%) and by NPs 42% (25% to 68%). Pediatricians and NPs correctly recognized the absence of normality 86% to 99% and 68% to 99% of the time; they over-diagnosed AOM in 7% to 58% (average 27%) and 10% to 65% of examinations (average 31%), respectively. Performance of tympanocentesis was optimally performed by 73% of NPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distinction between AOM and OME is important for antibiotic management decisions; tympanocentesis may be useful in diagnosis of AOM in selected patients. Healthcare providers may misdiagnose AOM and OME with some frequency. Nurse practitioners and pediatricians have the skills to be trained in the tympanocentesis procedure. Interactive CME courses with simulation technology may enhance skills and lead to a willingness to change and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment paradigms.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. tsorrento@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorrento
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pichichero
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003939:Diagnostic Techniques, Otological; D004496:Education, Continuing; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011364:Professional Practice