title: Prenatal diagnosis: what does four-dimensional ultrasound add?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The key benefit of 4D ultrasound lies in providing real-time 3D images of embryonic or fetal movements, previously limited by technological advancement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To classify types of first trimester embryonic and fetal movements in normal pregnancies as seen by 4D sonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three types of movements can be visualized in the first trimester: gross body between seven and eight weeks, limb movements after ten weeks and complex limb movements after 11 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An alteration from the given pattern of motoric development should be considered as an indication for further investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  4D ultrasound enables visualization of more details of the dynamics of small anatomical structures. Therefore, body and limb movements can be visualized a week earlier than with 2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School University of Zagreb, Sveti Duh Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurjak
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vecek
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bozek
authors.forename: Biserka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Funduk-Kurjak
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ujevic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005121:Extremities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*