title: Nephrotic syndrome: more than just oedema.
abstract: Oedema is the commonest presenting symptom and sign in nephrotic syndrome. Hypercholesterolaemia, thromboembolic events, and infectious complications may also be features. Three patients are described, each of whose nephrotic syndrome presented with a less common symptom or sign--recurrent pleural effusion, hypercholesterolaemia and oedema, pulmonary embolism--and, as a result, experienced some diagnostic delay. By forgetting to consider nephrotic syndrome, and its underlying causes, there may be inappropriate investigations and treatment for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jayawardene
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Scoble
authors.forename: D J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence