title: Acute effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on systemic, hepatic, and renal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition has been demonstrated to correct systemic vasodilation and renal hypoperfusion in studies of patients with cirrhosis. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, NOS blockade increases arterial pressure, but the acute effects on hepatic and renal hemodynamics are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the acute systemic, hepatic, and renal hemodynamic effects of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) in 10 patients with decompensated cirrhosis. After baseline measurements, 3 mg/kg L-NMMA was administered as an IV bolus. At 20 minutes, if mean arterial pressure did not increase by at least 10 mm Hg above the baseline value, a second injection of 6 mg/kg was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5 of 10 patients, the second injection of L-NMMA 6mg/kg was necessary to achieve at least a 10 mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure. Acute NOS inhibition increased systemic vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output, without causing changes in the hepatic venous pressure gradient. Hepatic blood flow decreased, but the indocyanine green intrinsic clearance and extraction remained unchanged. Plasma renin activity (from 9.5 +/- 2.9 to 6.7 +/- 1.6 ng/ml/h) and urinary prostaglandin E2 (from 299 +/- 40 to 112 +/- 36 pg/ml) significantly decreased. No significant changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and natriuresis occurred, however.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute L-NMMA infusion in patients with decompensated cirrhosis reduced hepatic blood flow and decreased plasma renin activity and urinary prostaglandin E2, without causing significant changes in renal hemodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Laurent.Spahr@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spahr
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giostra
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niederberger
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Allessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capponi
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadengue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D015232:Dinoprostone