title: Ammonia-induced extracellular accumulation of taurine in the rat striatum in vivo: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
abstract: Accumulation of taurine (Tau), glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) was measured in vivo in microdialysates of the rat striatum following a direct application to the microdialysis tube of 60 mM ammonium chloride which renders the final ammonia concentration in the extracellular space to approximately 5 mM. The following compounds were coadministered with ammonia to distinguish between the different mechanisms that may underlie the accumulation of amino acids: ion transport inhibitors, diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) and furosemide, a Glu transport inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), an NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) and an 2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate (KA) receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX). Ammonia stimulated Tau accumulation in the microdialysates to approximately 250% of the basal value. Furosemide did not significantly affect the stimulation by ammonia and DIDS only moderately depressed the effect. The ammonia-dependent Tau accumulation was increased by approximately 50% in the presence of PDC and reduced by approximately 35% in the presence dizocilpine and DNQX. In the microdialysates ammonia stimulated Glu and Gln accumulation somewhat less than Tau accumulation. Except for stimulation of Gln accumulation by DNQX, the effects were not modified by any of the cotreatments. The results are consistent with the assumption that ammonia stimulates Tau efflux mainly via activation of ionotropic Glu receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurotoxicology, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zielińska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hilgier
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Borkowska
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oja
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saransaari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goryński
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000502:physiology*; D013654:Taurine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D005973:Glutamine; D013654:Taurine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C056723:FG 9041; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid