title: Enoxaparin as adjunctive antithrombin therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of the ENTIRE-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 23 Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ENTIRE-TIMI 23 evaluated enoxaparin with full-dose tenecteplase (TNK) and half-dose TNK plus abciximab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n=483) with ST-elevation MI presenting <6 hours from symptom onset were randomized to full-dose TNK and either unfractionated heparin (UFH) (bolus 60 U/kg; infusion 12 U/kg per hour) or enoxaparin (1.0 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours+/-initial 30 mg intravenous bolus), or half-dose TNK plus abciximab and either UFH (bolus 40 U/kg; infusion 7 U/kg per hour) or enoxaparin (0.3 to 0.75 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours+/-initial intravenous bolus of 30 mg). With full-dose TNK and UFH, the rate of TIMI 3 flow at 60 minutes was 52% and was 48% to 51% with enoxaparin. Using combination therapy, the rate of TIMI 3 flow was 48% with UFH and 47% to 58% with enoxaparin. The rate of TIMI 3 flow among all UFH patients was 50% and was 51% among enoxaparin patients. Through 30 days, death/recurrent MI occurred in the full-dose TNK group in 15.9% of patients with UFH and 4.4% with enoxaparin (P=0.005). In the combination therapy group, the rates were 6.5% with UFH and 5.5% with enoxaparin. The rate of major hemorrhage with full-dose TNK was 2.4% with UFH and 1.9% with enoxaparin; with combination therapy, it was 5.2% using UFH and 8.5% with enoxaparin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enoxaparin is associated with similar TIMI 3 flow rates as UFH at an early time point while exhibiting advantages over UFH with respect to ischemic events through 30 days. These findings with enoxaparin are achieved with a similar risk of major hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, Mass, USA. eantman@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Elliott M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Antman
authors.forename: Hans W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Louwerenburg
authors.forename: Hubert F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: Jan C L
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wesdorp
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bassand
authors.forename: Frederique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bigonzi
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pisapia
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Hein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidbuchel
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunwald
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van de Werf
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015996:Survival Rate; D000077785:Tenecteplase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D000077785:Tenecteplase; D000077284:Abciximab