title: Multisurgeon assessment of coronal pattern classification systems for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: reliability and error analysis.
abstract: METHODS
  Three scoliosis surgeons and one orthopedic fellow were presented the anteroposterior radiographs of 70 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. All the reviewers assigned a type to each curve according to the classification systems of H. A. King and R. W. Coonrad.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare multisurgeon reliability in applying the classification systems of H. A. King and R. W. Coonrad, and to analyze controversially classified curve patterns.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The system most commonly used to classify adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is King's classification. However, because of poor interobserver reliability, the validity of this system is questioned. In contrast, high interobserver reliability is reported for Coonrad's classification system, which is used less frequently in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interobserver agreement and intraobserver reproducibility were tested. Kappa coefficients were used to test reliability. Between the observers, the divergent assignments to curve patterns were analyzed in both quantitative and qualitative terms. An error analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paired comparisons showed a mean interobserver kappa coefficient of 0.45 for King's and 0.38 for Coonrad's classification systems. According to Svanholm et al, these values indicate poor reliability in terms of interobserver agreement. Error analyses for both classification systems showed that the reason for poor reproducibility is disagreement among the observers about structural upper thoracic and structural lumbar curves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither the King nor the Coonrad method appears to have sufficient interobserver reliability. To improve reliability, the authors recommend that the structural stigmas of the upper thoracic and lumbar curves be unequivocally described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Innsbruck, School of Medicine, Anichstrasse, Innsbruck, Austria. hannes.behensky@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Behensky
authors.forename: Karlmeinrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Giesinger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogon
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krismer
authors.forename: Behensky
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hannes
authors.forename: Giesinger
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karlmeinrad
authors.forename: Ogon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Krismer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Karlmeinrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geisinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*