title: Evaluation of the residual antigenicity and allergenicity of cow's milk substitutes by in vitro tests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed the to investigate presence of residual allergenic cow's milk proteins (CMP) in some milk substitutes employed in the treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). These allergens may interfere with the treatment, and elicit allergic reactions in sensitized individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protein composition of the different extracts was evaluated by Lowry's method and tricine SDS-PAGE. Different immunoenzymatic methods were used (ELISA, EAST and immunoblotting) to quantify total serum IgE and specific serum IgE, as well as to detect the presence of antigenic and allergenic components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed a higher protein content in mammalian milks (cow, sheep, mare, goat, and human) than in hydrolyzed substitutes (partially or extensively hydrolyzed casein or whey proteins). Residual native, processed, or contaminant polypeptides have been identified in the moderate hydrolysates, whereas extensive hydrolysates did not show the presence of residual components by immunoblotting. However, specific antibodies with capacity to bind to peptides have been detected by EAST and ELISA, suggesting that extensive hydrolysates contain residual peptides that preserve immunoreactive epitopes. We were unable to demonstrate either residual antigenicity or allergenicity in an amino-acid-based formula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunoenzymatic methods were used to detect the presence of cross-reactive components in mammalian milks. Residual allergenic components from cow's milk could be identified in both the moderate and extensive hydrolysates analyzed. This information may be relevant to the treatment of CMA.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Docena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rozenfeld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fossati
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D000941:Antigens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007120:Immunochemistry; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000941:Antigens; D000939:Epitopes; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E