title: Excess morbidity and cost of failure to achieve targets for blood pressure control in Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the burden of failing to achieve targets for blood pressure (BP) control in France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost of illness model was constructed to estimate the impact of uncontrolled hypertension to each national healthcare system. Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was taken from published data. Relationships between achieved BP and the cardiovascular events of symptomatic acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and stroke were estimated from the HOT study. Costs were taken from public sources. The acute medical costs of these events were estimated at current prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and if BP were treated to target.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model estimated that 29 million adults in the five countries (13% population) have BP levels above 160/95 mmHg, and an additional 46 million (21% population) have BP in the range 140/90-160/95 mmHg. The model estimated that healthcare system costs of 1.26 billion euros could be avoided if hypertension management did achieve BP targets. This does not consider the cost of interventions required to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failing to achieve BP targets contributes substantially to healthcare system costs and preventable events in the countries studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Pippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kopp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009017:Morbidity; D015995:Prevalence; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D017211:Treatment Failure