title: Teratogenesis of holoprosencephaly.
abstract: Teratogenic causes of holoprosencephaly are critically assessed. A brief general review of holoprosencephaly is followed by four tables summarizing etiologic factors. Subjects evaluated here include: 1) maternal diabetes; 2) ethyl alcohol; 3) retinoic acid; 4) mutated genes and teratogens involving the sonic hedgehog signaling network and cholesterol biosynthesis; and 5) cholesterol trafficking, sterol adducts, target tissue response, and sterol sensing domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. remaclea@is.dal.ca
authors.forename: M Michael
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiota
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009154:Mutation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000150:complications; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human; D013723:Teratogens; D015534:Trans-Activators; D002784:Cholesterol