title: Estimation of surgical costs using a prediction scoring system: estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our predictive scoring system, Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress, can estimate surgical costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter cohort study for 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six national hospitals in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 929 patients who underwent elective gastrointestinal operations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The preoperative and the comprehensive risk scores of the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress were determined preoperatively and immediately after the operation, respectively. Estimated costs were computed using the following equation: costs = US $10,160 + (US $13,470 x comprehensive risk score). Data on length of stay, costs for surgical admission, and severity of postoperative complications were collected at hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comprehensive risk score significantly correlated with the severity of the postoperative complications (Spearman rank correlation = 0.54, P<.001), the length of stay (Spearman rank correlation = 0.69, P<.001), and the costs (Spearman rank correlation = 0.72, P<.001). The ratio of real to estimated costs varied from 0.82 to 1.17 at the various ranges of the comprehensive risk score, resulting in 0.93 in the total 929 patients. This ratio varied from 0.71 to 1.12 among the hospitals, the smallest of which was attributed to the hospital that primarily used the clinical pathways. A significant increase in the costs was observed according to the preoperative risk score for open colectomy (P =.009) and distal gastrectomy (P =.002). When we simulated the hospital revenue where different payment rates were set according to the preoperative risk score, the revenue seemed to improve in the hospitals that treated more high-risk patients, compared with the fixed payment system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress scoring system may be useful for estimating surgical costs, making a benchmark analysis, and determining the rate in a risk-based payment system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kumamoto National Hospital, 1-5 Ninomaru, Kumamoto 860-0008, Japan. scott@kumamoto2.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sameshima
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics*; D012306:Risk; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology; D014481:United States