title: Intra-tumoral interleukin-6 down-regulation system and genetic mutations of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The interleukin (IL)-1-IL-6 network, the most potent cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines, plays an autocrine role in tumor growth. The IL-1-IL-6 network is down-regulated by a phased cytokine inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The current study evaluated this down-regulation system in colorectal carcinoma and its relation to the genetic alteration of tumor suppressor genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four specimens of primary colorectal carcinoma and normal mucosa were collected to measure tissue concentrations of cytokines. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to investigate the loss of heterozygosity of the microsatellite markers on chromosomes 17p and 18q.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-1ra/IL-6 ratio in the carcinoma specimens was lower than ratios in adenomas and normal mucosae and decreased with disease progression. The IL-1ra/IL-6 ratio in early cancers tended to be lower than that in adenomas and normal mucosae. However, the tissue concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-10 were not associated with any clinicopathologic parameters. The tissue IL-1ra concentration correlated with that of IL-6 only in adenomas and early cancers. Immunohistochemically, IL-1ra and IL-6 were localized in the tumor cytoplasm. A reduced tissue IL-1ra/IL-6 ratio in the carcinomas correlated with poor prognosis and was associated with the loss of heterozygosity of the microsatellite markers on chromosomes 18q.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an IL-6-IL-1ra network system in colorectal tumors, but this system deteriorates with carcinogenesis and tumor growth. The deterioration of this network system was associated with the allelic loss of a portion of chromosome 18q, reflecting the genetic alteration of tumor suppressor genes.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tonouchi
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakuda
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatada
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minato
authors.forename: Minàko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics*; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1