title: [Visceral voice training for laryngectomy after hypopharyngectomy and visceral transplant].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a way to visceral voice after stomach or colon transplantation for patients with hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Esophageal voice training was used and modified according to the compliance of the patients. Twenty laryngectomies with replacement of the hypopharynx and esophagus by stomach(13 cases), colon(6 cases) and jejunum (1 case) were trained for voice rehabilitation at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with an artificial esophagus from vicera were easy to gain an influx of certain volume of gas into their artificial esophagus (stomach or colon) and to learn to speak. But on the whole the quality of voice was not so satisfactory. In this series nineteen out of 20 patients (95%) could express their idea by speech after a training course of three weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The literature has emphasized role of cricopharyngeus muscle in the training of esophageal voice. Owing to the fact that this series of patients who had had their cricopharyngeus removed, could easily get their voice rehabilitated, it seems this muscle played no major role in the voice rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical Collage, Beijing 100021.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003106:Colon / Q000637:transplantation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013072:Speech, Esophageal / Q000379:methods*; D013270:Stomach / Q000637:transplantation; D014834:Voice Training