Molecular genetics of schizophrenia: past, present and future.
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with a polygenic mode of inheritance which is also governed by non-genetic factors. Candidate genes identified on the basis of biochemical and pharmacological evidence are being tested for linkage and association studies. Neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and serotonin have been widely implicated in its etiology. Genome scan of all human chromosomes with closely spaced polymorphic markers is being used for linkage studies. The completion and availability of the first draft of Human Genome Sequence has provided a treasure-trove that can be utilized to gain insight into the so far inaccessible regions of the human genome. Significant technological advances for identification of single nucleo-tide polymorphisms (SNPs) and use of microarrays have further strengthened research methodologies for genetic analysis of complex traits. In this review, we summarize the evolution of schizophrenia genetics from the past to the present, current trends and future direction of research.
Prasad
Suman
S
Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
Semwal
Prachi
P
Deshpande
Smita
S
Bhatia
Triptish
T
Nimgaonkar
V L
VL
Thelma
B K
BK
D020132:Anticipation, Genetic; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D015894:Genome, Human; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008967:Molecular Biology; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase