title: Relationship between asthma drug therapy patterns and healthcare utilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Asthma drug therapy problems contribute significantly to preventable hospitalizations and increased healthcare use in asthmatics. Since asthma patients often require >1 medication for control of symptoms, concurrent asthma drug therapies may be important in predicting excessive healthcare utilization. The purpose of this study was to link inappropriate asthma drug therapy patterns and selected patient demographics to healthcare utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of Ohio Medicaid medical, institutional, and prescription claims. We included ambulatory patients aged 15-65 years who had > or =2 claims for asthma (493.x) and who were continuously enrolled in the Medicaid fee-for-service program for the 12-month period from April 1998 through March 1999. We examined age, race, gender, metropolitan residence, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the usage patterns of inhaled corticosteroids, short-acting beta(2)-agonists, long-acting beta(2)-agonists, theophylline, and leukotriene receptor modifiers to identify asthma drug therapy problems based on national guidelines. The primary outcomes included the number of asthma-related hospitalizations, asthma-related emergency department visits, and oral steroid bursts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 10 959 asthma patients, only 46.8% of the study patients received >1 puff of inhaled corticosteroid per day. Forty-four percent of the patients received >3 puffs of short-acting beta(2)-agonists per day. The most common outcome was an oral steroid burst (46.5%). Patients on high doses of short-acting beta(2)-agonists had the greatest odds of receiving an oral steroid burst and were most likely to be hospitalized. African Americans were more likely to incur a hospitalization or emergency department visit. Women had greater odds of any undesirable asthma outcome. Higher use of short-acting beta(2)-agonists led to higher odds of receiving a steroid burst or being hospitalized. Leukotriene receptor modifier use was related to higher levels of all outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large percentage of Ohio Medicaid patients were not receiving asthma medications in compliance with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines. Despite nearly a decade of national efforts, asthma drug therapy patterns still have substantial room for improvement and continue to be associated with excess healthcare utilization.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA. tshireman@rx.pharm.ukans.edu
authors.forename: Theresa I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Shireman
authors.forename: Pamela C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cluxton
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moomaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents