title: Clinical review 145: Pleiotropic effects of statins: lipid reduction and beyond.
abstract: There is accumulating evidence that statins have beneficial effects that are independent of their classical actions on lipoproteins. These effects include reductions in inflammation in the vasculature, kidney, and bone. Potential beneficial effects of these agents include enhancement of nitric oxide production in vasculature and the kidney. These agents appear to reduce bone fractures and may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the likelihood of persons progressing from impaired glucose tolerance to type II diabetes. Potential beneficial pleiotropic effects of statins are covered in this review.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muniyappa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sowers
mesh_terms: D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D005947:Glucose