Rapid and dynamic regulation of TGF-beta receptors on blood vessels and fibroblasts during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury are poorly understood. Although transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been shown to provide protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in different organ systems, little is known about the regulation of TGF-beta action during this process. Here we analyzed the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on the expression of TGF-beta and its receptors in vivo with a pig skin flap model. Analysis of unoperated skin, nonischemic control flap, ischemic flap, and reperfused flap by immunohistochemistry indicates that ischemia and reperfusion result in rapid and dynamic regulation of type I, II, and III TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta1 in a cell type-specific manner. Furthermore, hypoxia upregulates type II TGF-beta receptor mRNA in skin fibroblasts in culture. Together, our results reveal that TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta1 are markedly increased under acute ischemic conditions in the blood vessels and fibroblasts of the skin. We conclude that TGF-beta action is enhanced under ischemic conditions and that it may represent an adaptive response to ischemic injury. The augmented TGF-beta responsiveness may be a critical determinant of the protective effect of TGF-beta during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Mortazavi-Haghighat
Roya
R
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4.
Taghipour-Khiabani
Kayvan
K
David
Sam
S
Kerrigan
Carolyn L
CL
Philip
Anie
A
D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II