title: Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using a sensitive assay for serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measurement of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin by conventional methods is of limited use for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma for its low sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of measuring des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin by a highly sensitive assay for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease and for the detection of recurrence after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin levels by a sensitive assay and alpha-fetoprotein levels were sequentially measured in 188 patients with type B or C chronic liver disease and in 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rate of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin was 62% in all of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 14 of 188 chronic liver disease patients during their follow-up period, the positive rate of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and of alpha-fetoprotein being 57% and 71% in these 14 patients, respectively. Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level normalized in 67% of 39 patients after the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Of the 19 patients with tumor recurrence, 84% showed re-elevation of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin by this highly sensitive assay combined with alpha-fetoprotein is useful for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease patients and for monitoring recurrence after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. naika3@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaito
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Motoh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D011516:Prothrombin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin