title: Association of MPF, MAPK, and nuclear progression dynamics during activation of young and aged bovine oocytes.
abstract: We have previously shown that bovine oocytes parthenogenetically activated after 40 hours (hr) of in vitro maturation proceed through the cell cycle faster than those after 20 hr of maturation. In the present study, we used this model of different speed of nuclear progression to investigate the correlation of two hallmarks of nuclear events, exit of metaphase arrest and pronuclear formation, with dynamics of MPF and MAPK. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro for 20 hr (young) or 40 hr (aged) and activated in 7% ethanol followed by incubation in cycloheximide for 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, or 7 hr. Activity of MPF and MAPK was lower in aged than young oocytes. The responses to oocyte activation by both the two kinases and nuclear progression were faster in aged than in young oocytes. The activity of MPF declined to undetectable levels (P < 0.05) as early as 0.5 hr after activation in aged oocytes, while this did not happen in young oocytes until 3 hr after activation. The inactivation of MAPK occurred approximately 2 hr earlier in aged oocytes (5 hr post-activation) than in young oocytes (7 hr post-activation). Furthermore, the decline in MPF activity preceded that of MAPK in both young and aged oocytes by about 2 hr. The decrease in activity of MPF and MAPK corresponded with the exit from meiosis and pronuclei formation regardless of the speed of nuclear progression. Despite dramatic changes in activity of MPF and MAPK, the levels of Cdc2 and Erk2 proteins were unchanged (P > 0.05) during the first 7 hr of activation. These observations suggest that inactivation of MPF and MAPK are pre-requisite for the release from metaphase arrest and formation of pronuclei in bovine oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4163, USA.
authors.forename: X Cindy
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lonergan
authors.forename: Being-Seon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Alexander C O
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Xiangzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D016200:Maturation-Promoting Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D016200:Maturation-Promoting Factor; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases