title: High-susceptibility of photosynthesis to photoinhibition in the tropical plant Ficus microcarpa L. f. cv. Golden Leaves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tropical plant Ficus microcarpa L. f. cv. Golden Leaves (GL) is a high-light sensitive tropical fig tree in which sun-leaves are yellow and shade-leaves are green. We compared the response of photosynthetic activities to strong light between GL and its wild-type (WT, Ficus microcarpa L. f.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Field measurements of maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm) of intact sun-leaves in GL showed that photo synthetic activity was severely photoinhibited during the daytime (Fv/Fm = 0.46) and subsequently recovered in the evening (Fv/Fm = 0.76). In contrast, WT did not show any substantial changes of Fv/Fm values throughout the day (between 0.82 and 0.78). Light dependency of the CO2 assimilation rate in detached shade-leaves of GL showed a response similar to that in WT, suggesting no substantial difference in photosynthetic performance between them. Several indicators of photoinhibition, including declines in PSII reaction center protein (D1) content, Fv/Fm value, and O2 evolution and CO2 assimilation rates, all indicated that GL is much more susceptible to photoinhibition than WT. Kinetics of PAM chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed that nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity of GL was lower than that of WT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the photosynthetic apparatus of GL is more highly susceptible to photoinhibition than that of WT.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. takahashishunichi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakihama
authors.forename: Yasusi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamitsu
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D030681:Ficus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005838:Genotype; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen