title: Rhinitis: do diagnostic criteria affect the prevalence and treatment?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhinitis is one of the world's most common health problems. Diagnostic criteria used in community surveys may affect reported prevalence and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A proportionately stratified random sample study was performed to investigate the prevalence, comorbidities and management of community-based patients with rhinitis in the tropical urban city of Singapore.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of at least one, two, three, or four nasal symptoms on most days during the past year in our study population was 25.5%, 13.1%, 6.5%, and 3.0%, respectively. Based on the definition of 'rhinitis' by the International Consensus Report (ICR), the prevalence was 13.1% in Singapore. There was significantly higher prevalence of self-reported allergy, asthma, and common cold/influenza-like illness among the rhinitis group. In the 53% of rhinitis subjects seeking for medical help, 71% visited a primary care physician and 20% an otolaryngologist. Treatments as reported by patients were decongestants (topical or oral) 27%, antibiotics 12%, antihistamines 6%, nasal steroids 3%, surgery 2%, traditional methods 28%, and 22% did not know what medication they had. Subjects considered the effectiveness of treatment unsatisfactory because the majority of them had only partial or no relief with any treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standardization of the definition of rhinitis in epidemiological studies is of crucial importance, especially when comparing the prevalence between studies. Appropriate patient education by physicians with a good understanding of the nature of rhinitis and the available treatment options (e.g. evidenced-based efficacy, safety, and a good cost-benefit ratio) will maximize patient compliance and treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: D-Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niti
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D012846:Singapore / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists