title: Biotransformation of phosphogypsum in media containing different forms of nitrogen.
abstract: Studies on the biotransformation of phosphogypsum (a waste product formed in the course of the production of phosphorous fertilizers) with the use of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) demonstrated that it is a good source of sulfates and biogenic elements for these bacteria, though the addition of organic carbon and nitrogen is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the form of nitrogen and C:N ratio in the medium on the growth of SRB community in cultures containing phosphogypsum. Batch community cultures of sulfate reducing bacteria were maintained in medium with phosphogypsum (5.0 g/l), different concentrations of sodium lactate (1.6 - 9.4 g/l) and different forms (NH4CI, CO(NH2)2, KNO3) and concentrations (0 - 250 mg/l) of nitrogen. The growth of SRB was studied in the C:N ratio of from 2:1 to 300:1. It was found that: 1 - the best source of nitrogen for SRB is urea, followed by ammonium, the worst were nitrates; 2 - the bacteria were also able to grow in medium without nitrogen but their activity was then by approximately 15% lower than in optimal growth conditions; 3 - in medium with KNO3 inhibition of sulfate reduction by approx. 50% was observed; 4 - the highest reduction of nitrates (removal of nitrate) in media with phosphogypsum and nitrates was at limiting concentrations of sodium lactate. This is probably caused by the selection under these conditions (low concentration of hydrogen sulfide) of denitrifying bacteria or sulfate reducing bacteria capable of using nitrates as an electron acceptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rzeczycka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mycielski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gałazka
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D019354:Sodium Lactate / Q000378:metabolism; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016999:Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D009566:Nitrates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; C077769:phosphogypsum; D010758:Phosphorus; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen; C023844:potassium nitrate; D019354:Sodium Lactate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate