title: Gp130 and ras mediated signaling in human plasma cell line INA-6: a cytokine-regulated tumor model for plasmacytoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines of the gp130-family, particularly interleukin(IL)-6, play a crucial role in the propagation of malignant plasma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The role of IL-6 and other gp130-cytokines was studied in the human plasma cell line INA-6 in vitro and in INA-6 xenografts. The proliferative response to gp130-cytokines was evaluated and activated components of gp130-signaling pathways were identified by Western blotting and DNA binding studies. Specifically, expression of IL-6 and receptors for IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor were analysed by RT-PCR and ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma cell line INA-6 was cultured for several years remaining strictly dependent on exogenous IL-6. Other gp130-cytokines had no significant effect on INA-6 cell proliferation in vitro. Due to an activating mutation in the N-ras gene, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were constitutively phosphorylated. In contrast, signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)-3 activation was dependent on stimulation with IL-6. Blocking of either one of these pathways resulted in a significant decrease of INA-6 cell proliferation. Remarkably, INA-6 xenografts did not require exogeneous IL-6 for proliferation in vivo. Instead, an autocrine IL-6 loop and, in certain tumor sublines, responsiveness to additional gp130-cytokines was induced during in vivo growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of the gp130 signal transducer is mandatory for INA-6 cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Both the MAPK and the Jak/STAT pathway are operative in malignant plasma cells and either one is essential for plasma cell growth. The INA-6 cell line provides a preclinical model to study growth regulation of human plasmacytoma cells and to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmalzing
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernand
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duerr
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hocke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steininger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gebhart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gramatzki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D010954:Plasmacytoma / Q000473:pathology*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000637:transplantation; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; C494200:Il6st protein, mouse; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins