title: Dendritic cells in rheumatoid synovial membrane after total removal of the hyaline articular cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of total removal of the hyaline articular cartilage on dendritic cells in synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for two dendritic cell markers, CD35 and RFD1, was carried out on synovial membrane specimens from arthritis patients undergoing primary (n=10) or revision (n=8) total hip replacement (THR). The results are expressed as the number (mean+/-standard deviation) of positive cells per 1000 total cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD35-(112+/-9) and RFD1-(27+/-5) positive cells were found in all primary RA synovial membrane, while only two out of eight synovial membrane samples from revision THR contained CD35-positive follicular dendritic cells (nine and 12 cells), and no revision samples contained any RFD1-positive interdigitating dendritic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal of the hyaline articular cartilage reduces the infiltration and functional differentiation of dendritic cells in synovial membrane. Our findings suggest that the antigen driving chronic arthritis/synovitis is contained in the hyaline articular cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mandelin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hukkanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lassus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandelin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santavirta
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Konttinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery; D002452:Cell Count; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017463:Receptors, Complement 3b / Q000378:metabolism; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017463:Receptors, Complement 3b