title: Polymorphisms and the differential antiviral activity of the chicken Mx gene.
abstract: The nucleotide sequence of chicken Mx cDNA was reported earlier using the White Leghorn breed in Germany, but it showed no enhanced resistance to viruses. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of chicken Mx cDNA were determined in many breeds. A total of 25 nucleotide substitutions, of which 14 were deduced to cause amino acid exchanges, were detected, suggesting that the chicken Mx gene is very polymorphic. Transfected cell clones expressing chicken Mx mRNA were established after the Mx cDNA was constructed with an expression vector and introduced into mouse 3T3 cells, and the Mx genes from some breeds were demonstrated to confer positive antiviral responses to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. On the basis of the comparison among the antiviral activities associated with many Mx variations, a specific amino acid substitution at position 631 (Ser to Asn) was considered to determine the antivirally positive or negative Mx gene. Thus, a single amino acid substitution influences the antiviral activity of Mx in domesticated chickens.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Hee-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Ayato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Hironao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hokiyama
authors.forename: Mutsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Masaoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishibori
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Tomomasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000821:virology; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000235:genetics*; D001216:Asparagine / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000254:growth & development; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000254:growth & development; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C579070:Mx1 protein, mouse; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012694:Serine; D001216:Asparagine; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins