title: Physicochemical and sensory characteristic changes in fortified peanut spreads after 3 months of storage at different temperatures.
abstract: Three amino acid-balanced, vitamin- and mineral-fortified peanut spreads were stored at 4, 23, and 40 degrees C for 3 months. These were 69.6% peanut/19% soybean-40.5% fat, 61.9% peanut/19% soybean-44.5% fat, and 74.1% peanut/14% nonfat dry milk (NFDM)-40% fat. The peanut spreads were fortified with vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B(6), vitamin C, calcium, and iron to provide 33.3% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for children. Water-soluble vitamins were quite stable in deaerated peanut spreads. The antioxidant activity of phytochemicals in soybean prevented vitamin A degradation in soy-containing spreads, whereas the NFDM spread lost 70% of the initial content. Instron analysis detected major changes in texture when peanut spreads were stored at 40 degrees C, suggesting that the polymorphic form of lipid transformed and the proper crystallization of stabilizer was destroyed. Panelists did not detect the texture changes in peanut spreads stored at different temperatures. At 40 degrees C, the primary deteriorative changes in sensory quality were increased browning and the development of "soybean" and "oxidized" flavors as well as decreased "roasted peanutty" flavor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA.
authors.forename: Jui-Yueh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: R Dixon
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Anna V A
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Resurreccion
authors.forename: Yen-Con
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D010367:Arachis; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D004355:Drug Stability; D005511:Food Handling; D005519:Food Preservation; D005524:Food Technology; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012677:Sensation; D013025:Glycine max; D013649:Taste; D013696:Temperature; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins