title: Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Many studies have demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has beneficial effects on oxidation injury in postmenopausal women with normal renal function. In this study, we examined the effects of HRT on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in postmenopausal hemodialysis women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned 70 postmenopausal women on maintenance hemodialysis into either a HRT group or a control group. Oral conjugated estrogen (0.625 mg) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) was given daily for 12 weeks in HRT group. Plasma MDA, TAC, albumin, uric acid and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before, 4 and 12 weeks after the start of medication in the HRT group. In the control group, the same parameters were measured without HRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in baseline values between the two groups. In the control group (n = 32), all these parameters showed no change at 4 and 12 weeks. HRT decreased MDA from 1.32 (0.55-1.88) microM to 1.08 (0.44-1.50) microM (p < 0.001) at 4 weeks and to 1.11 (0.50-1.37) microM (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks (n = 33). TAC was not changed at 4 weeks, however, it decreased from 1.59 (1.27-2.00) mM to 1.45 (1.08-1.65) mM (p < 0.05) at 12 weeks. The albumin, uric acid and CRP levels were not changed significantly after HRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HRT has a favorable effect on oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with ESRD as in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Pil
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sang Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Jung Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soon Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D012709:Serum Albumin; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone