title: The efficacy of methotrexate for maintaining remission in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are resistant to or intolerant of azathioprine remains a challenge. Low-dose methotrexate has been shown to be effective in inducing remission in Crohn's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review was conducted because there are limited long-term follow-up data during and after stopping treatment. There are also limited data on the use of methotrexate in ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a retrospective review of clinical notes. Remission was defined as minimal bowel symptoms without the need for oral steroids for 3 months. Relapse was defined as bowel symptoms that required steroid treatment or surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients were reviewed; 48 had Crohn's disease and 22 had ulcerative colitis. The mean duration of treatment was 17.1 months; the mean maintenance dose was 20 mg weekly. Remission was achieved in 34 of 55 patients who completed more than 3 months of treatment (62%). Life-table analysis showed that the chances of remaining in remission at 12, 24 and 36 months (if treatment was continued) were 90%, 73% and 51%, respectively. The chances of remaining in remission after stopping treatment at 6, 12 and 18 months were 42%, 21% and 16%, respectively. The dose of methotrexate (mg/kg) was associated with the induction of remission (P=0.02). Treatment was equally effective for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maintenance methotrexate treatment gives acceptable remission rates for treatment periods up to 3 years. After stopping treatment, relapse is frequent and occurs early (usually within 1 year).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. a.fraser@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jewell
mesh_terms: D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D008727:Methotrexate