title: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting is not superior to endoscopic variceal band ligation for prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to compare the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with variceal band ligation (VBL) in the prophylaxis of variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four cirrhotic patients (21 Child-Pugh class A, 27 class B, 6 class C) were randomized to TIPS (n = 28) or VBL (n = 26) within 2 months after control of esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Statistical analysis was performed on the intention-to-treat principle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 2 years. Mortality risk at 1 and 2 years of follow-up was 7.8% +/- 5.3% and 19.9% +/- 8.8% in the TIPS group and 16.5% +/- 7.6% and 16.5% +/- 7.6% in the VBL group, respectively (n.s.); actuarial probability of remaining free from rebleeding was 83.7% +/- 77.4% and 71.4% +/- 10.4% in the TIPS group and 83.9% +/- 7.3% and 78.1% +/- 8.8% in the VBL group at 1 and 2 years, respectively (n.s.). Hepatic encephalopathy within 1 month after randomization was observed in 2 patients in the TIPS group and in 1 in the VBL group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIPS is not superior to VBL in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. Furthermore, similar mortality rates in patients treated with TIPS or VBL negate TIPS as the preferred strategy for prevention of variceal rebleeding.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine II and Institute for Clinical Radiology, Klinikum of the University of Munich-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. Veit.Guelberg@med2.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gülberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schepke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geigenberger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holl
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brensing
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waggershauser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sauerbruch
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gerbes
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000379:methods*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome