Newborn intestinal circulation. Physiology and pathophysiology.
The physiologic characteristics of the newborn intestinal circulation are unique when compared with the adult condition. Most important, intestinal vascular resistance across newborn intestine is exceptionally low and this transient reduction is mediated by an increased constitutive and stimulated production of NO. The low vascular resistance characteristic of newborn intestine alters the capacity of this vasculature to respond to systemic circulatory perturbations, such as hypotension and arterial hypoxemia. The essential role of endothelial production of NO in maintaining newborn intestinal hemodynamics might be important in the pathogenesis of NEC, because endothelial dysfunction would limit, or possibly eliminate, NO production, leading to substantial intestinal ischemia.
Reber
Kristina M
KM
Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Nankervis
Craig A
CA
Nowicki
Philip T
PT
D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology