title: Sympathetic nervous system activity during laparoscopic and needlescopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is difficult to quantify the impact of surgical trauma on patients with conventional measurement techniques. We report our preliminary experience with the determination of sympathetic nervous system activity during laparoscopic and needlescopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electroconductivity of representative dermatomes (24 measuring points) was recorded prior, during, and after performing laparoscopic and needlescopic cholecystectomy on 40 consecutive patients according to the method of Nakatani (Ryodoraku). Fifty-five healthy adults served as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age in the two groups was 52.4 and 54.1 years, respectively. Prior to the operation and on the 1st postoperative day, sympathetic nervous activity was equal in both groups. In the needlescopic patients, sympathetic activity was lesser at 30 min after the start of the laparoscopic procedure (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement of electroconductivity is a useful noninvasive technique for the evaluation of sympathetic nervous activity. As far as activation of sympathetic nervous system is concerned, the needlescopic technique was found to be superior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Witten-Herdecke, Klinikum Wuppertal, Heusner Strasse 40, D - 42283 Wuppertal, Germany. h.schmidt@klinikum-wuppertal.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sparenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fraunhofer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zirngibl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*