The role of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in cancer prevention.
Carcinogenesis results from the long-term accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations at the molecular level, which are under constant selection pressure for growth advantage. Recognizing that cancer is the result of this long-term, multi-step process provides opportunities for molecularly targeted cancer prevention. Ideally, chemopreventive agents should be low in toxicity, morbidity, and cost. Several individual agents and agent combinations are currently under evaluation in the U.S. National Cancer Institute s (NCI) chemoprevention agent development program. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2 are among the most promising classes of agents for targeted molecular prevention.
Anderson
William F
WF
Gastrointestinal & Other Cancers Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, EPN, Room 2141, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7317, USA.
Umar
Asad
A
Viner
Jaye L
JL
Hawk
Ernest T
ET
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D018890:Chemoprevention; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases