title: Molecular diagnosis of human enteroviruses by phylogeny-based classification by use of the VP4 sequence.
abstract: Human enteroviruses (EVs) are the major cause of a variety of acute and chronic illnesses. Virus isolation and neutralization tests are usually done to identify the causative virus, but these tests are labor intensive, time consuming, and sometimes require suckling mice from which certain viruses have been isolated. This study investigated a rapid and reliable method based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree constructed by neighbor-joining on the basis of the VP4 sequence from 66 prototypes grouped all human EVs into 5 distinct clusters. These clusters correspond closely to the 5 newly designated species-human EV A-D and poliovirus. The VP4 sequences of 89 isolates from 26 serotypes obtained over >30 years plus those of 66 prototype strains were analyzed. Each isolate formed a monophyletic cluster along with its respective prototype strain, allowing for serotype identification (with the exception of E-8). VP4-based classification appears to be an effective tool for the molecular epidemiology study of EVs.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Department, Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Tokyo 174-8555, Japan. Ishiko@m1.mbcl.co.jp
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiko
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yonaha
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakae
authors.forename: Naokazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D003236:Conjunctivitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000175:diagnosis; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C442540:VP1 protein, Poliovirus; C060339:VP4 protein, Rotavirus