title: Convulsive Therapy: Fifty Years of Progress.
abstract: The origins of convulsive therapy, its early developments, present practice, central elements of the treatment, and neurohumoral and neuroendocrine theories of its antidepressant action are reviewed on the 50th anniversary of its introduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, and International Association for Psychiatric Research, Inc., St. James, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fink