title: Release of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors after intravenous anti-D treatment in children with chronic thrombocytopenic purpura.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunoglobulin anti-D administration is one of several methods used in treating children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Fc receptor blockade of the reticuloendothelial cell system and of mononuclear phagocytes is an important mechanism of the action of anti-D in ITP. Recently other possible mechanisms by which anti-D works in ITP have been considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the effect of anti-D administration on cytokine, soluble cytokine receptors and platelet count in children with chronic ITP and to determine the pre-treatment plasma cytokine profile in this group of patients. Eighteen children with chronic ITP were examined. In our study the impact of anti-D on the cytokine network was evaluated by analysing serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis alpha and soluble TNF receptors I and II by the EASIA method before and 1, 3, 20 and 40 h then seven days and one month after anti-D infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-D caused a significant increase in platelet count 20 h postinfusion in 10 out of 18 children, 96 h postinfusion in three children and 168 h postinfusion in one child. The mean duration of the response was four weeks. A significant and rapid increase in plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha was seen within 1 to 20 h after anti-D infusion. This increase was accompanied by a prolonged elevation of soluble TNF receptors. There was a significant correlation between TNF-alpha and IL-8, IL-8 and IL-6, TNF-alpha and sTNFRI, and sTNF receptors I and II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that anti-D infusion caused changes in the cytokine network and raises the question of whether the therapeutic effectiveness of anti-D is related to its immunomodulating properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. iwonamal@interia.pl
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Malinowska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obitko-Płudowska
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Buescher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rokicka-Milewska
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010976:Platelet Count; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007518:Isoantibodies; C061961:RHO(D) antibody; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha