title: NAD(P)H:flavin mononucleotide oxidoreductase inactivation during 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene reduction.
abstract: Bacteria readily transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a contaminant frequently found at military bases and munitions production facilities, by reduction of the nitro group substituents. In this work, the kinetics of nitroreduction were investigated by using a model nitroreductase, NAD(P)H:flavin mononucleotide (FMN) oxidoreductase. Under mediation by NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase, TNT rapidly reacted with NADH to form 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, whereas 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were not produced. Progressive loss of activity was observed during TNT reduction, indicating inactivation of the enzyme during transformation. It is likely that a nitrosodinitrotoluene intermediate reacted with the NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase, leading to enzyme inactivation. A half-maximum constant with respect to NADH, K(N), of 394 microM was measured, indicating possible NADH limitation under typical cellular conditions. A mathematical model that describes the inactivation process and NADH limitation provided a good fit to TNT reduction profiles. This work represents the first step in developing a comprehensive enzyme level understanding of nitroarene biotransformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA. riefler@ohio.edu
authors.forename: R Guy
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Riefler
authors.forename: Barth F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Smets
mesh_terms: D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000201:enzymology*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases