title: Ca(2+)-dependent Ca(2+) clearance via mitochondrial uptake and plasmalemmal extrusion in frog motor nerve terminals.
abstract: Ca(2+) clearance in frog motor nerve terminals was studied by fluorometry of Ca(2+) indicators. Rises in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in nerve terminals induced by tetanic nerve stimulation (100 Hz, 100 or 200 stimuli: Ca(2+) transient) reached a peak or plateau within 6-20 stimuli and decayed at least in three phases with the time constants of 82-87 ms (81-85%), a few seconds (11-12%), and several tens of seconds (less than a few percentage). Blocking both Na/Ca exchangers and Ca(2+) pumps at the cell membrane by external Li(+) and high external pH (9.0), respectively, increased the time constants of the initial and second decay components with no change in their magnitudes. By contrast, similar effects by Li(+) alone, but not by high alkaline alone, were seen only on 200 stimuli-induced Ca(2+) transients. Blocking Ca(2+) pumps at Ca(2+) stores by thapsigargin did not affect 100 stimuli-induced Ca(2+) transients but increased the initial decay time constant of 200 stimuli-induced Ca(2+) transients with no change in other parameters. Inhibiting mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone markedly increased the initial and second decay time constants of 100 stimuli-induced Ca(2+) transients and the amplitudes of the second and the slowest components. Plotting the slopes of the decay of 100 stimuli-induced Ca(2+) transients against [Ca(2+)](i) yielded the supralinear [Ca(2+)](i) dependence of Ca(2+) efflux out of the cytosol. Blocking Ca(2+) extrusion or mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake significantly reduced this [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent Ca(2+) efflux. Thus Ca(2+)-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and plasmalemmal Ca(2+) extrusion clear out a small Ca(2+) load in frog motor nerve terminals, while thapsigargin-sensitive Ca(2+) pump boosts the clearance of a heavy Ca(2+) load. Furthermore, the activity of plasmalemmal Ca(2+) pump and Na/Ca exchanger is complementary to each other with the slight predominance of the latter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011898:Ranidae; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D019284:Thapsigargin; D008094:Lithium; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium