The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer.
The causal role of human papillomavirus infections in cervical cancer has been documented beyond reasonable doubt. The association is present in virtually all cervical cancer cases worldwide. It is the right time for medical societies and public health regulators to consider this evidence and to define its preventive and clinical implications. A comprehensive review of key studies and results is presented.
Bosch
F X
FX
Institut Català d'Oncologia, Servei d'Epidemiologia i Registre del Càncer, Gran Via Km 2.7 s/n 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain. x.bosch@ico.scs.es
Lorincz
A
A
Muñoz
N
N
Meijer
C J L M
CJ
Shah
K V
KV
D015984:Causality; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
D004279:DNA, Viral