Effects of energy-restricted diets containing increased protein on weight loss, resting energy expenditure, and the thermic effect of feeding in type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of a high-protein (HP) diet compared with a low-protein (LP) diet on weight loss, resting energy expenditure (REE), and the thermic effect of food (TEF) in subjects with type 2 diabetes during moderate energy restriction.


METHODS
In this study, 26 obese subjects with type 2 diabetes consumed a HP (28% protein, 42% carbohydrate) or LP diet (16% protein, 55% carbohydrate) during 8 weeks of energy restriction (1,600 kcal/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Body weight and composition and REE were measured, and the TEF in response to a HP or LP meal was determined for 2 h, at weeks 0 and 12.


RESULTS
The mean weight loss was 4.6 +/- 0.4 kg (P < 0.001), of which 4.5 +/- 0.4 kg was fat (P < 0.001), with no effect of diet (P = 0.6). At both weeks 0 and 12, TEF was greater after the HP than after the LP meal (0.064 vs. 0.050 kcal x kcal(-1) energy consumed x 2 h(-1), respectively; overall diet effect, P = 0.003). REE and TEF were reduced similarly with each of the diets (time effects, P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes, a low-fat diet with an increased protein-to-carbohydrate ratio does not significantly increase weight loss or blunt the fall in REE.
Luscombe
N D
ND
University of Adelaide, Department of Physiology, South Australia.
Clifton
P M
PM
Noakes
M
M
Parker
B
B
Wittert
G
G
D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D015431:Weight Loss
D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins