title: CpG-oligodinucleotides as an effective adjuvant in pigs for intramuscular immunizations.
abstract: In this study, the effect of two oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) sequences 5'GCT-AGA-CGT-TAG-CGT-3' (CpG-ODN) and 5'-GCT-AGA-GCT-TAG-GCT-3' (GpC-ODN) on the antigen-specific antibody and cellular immune response after intramuscular immunizations with OVA was analyzed in pigs. Pigs immunized with OVA supplemented with these ODNs showed a significantly enhanced primary antibody response in comparison with the control group which received OVA without ODN. This enhanced primary antibody response appeared ODN-sequence-independent as similar effects were seen in both ODN-groups. The OVA-specific antibody titers obtained after a single injection of antigen combined with either of both ODNs were as high as the titers in the control group after two injections. Furthermore, the ODN-supplemented animals showed significantly higher OVA-specific IgA antibodies in their saliva and nasal secretions at some time points after the first immunization. Proliferation assays showed that CpG- as well as GpC-ODN significantly enhanced the antigen-specific as well as the mitogen-induced proliferation in different lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, 48h after the third immunization the CpG-group showed a significantly decreased IL-6 mRNA expression in cells of the local draining lymph node but no significant difference in TGF-beta (Th3-like) and IL-10 (Th2-like). The ODN injected animals showed the tendency to have higher IFN-gamma (Th1-like) mRNA-expression in comparison with the control group. To our knowledge, these are the first in vivo studies in pigs, which demonstrate the appropriateness of CpG-ODN as immunostimulating adjuvants in vaccines for farm animals.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. yves.vanderstede@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Van der Stede
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdonck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vancaeneghem
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Goddeeris
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018899:CpG Islands; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010047:Ovalbumin