title: Overexpression of caveolin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with lymph node metastasis and pathologic stage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caveolin-1 plays a regulatory role in several signaling pathways. Recently caveolin-1 was identified as a metastasis-related gene in prostate carcinoma. However, the clinical impact of caveolin-1 expression in esophageal carcinoma remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty surgical specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were immunohistochemically assessed for caveolin-1 expression by polyclonal antibody. Caveolin-1 immunoreactivity was correlated with patients' clinicopathologic parameters and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive caveolin-1 immunostaining was detected in 58 patients (44.6%). Positive caveolin-1 immunostaining correlated positively with pathologic stage (P = 0.029), pN (P = 0.023), and pM (P = 0.018). The overall survival rate was worse in patients with caveolin-1-positive tumors than in patients with caveolin-1-negative tumors (P = 0.0215). Univariate analyses identified caveolin-1 positivity (P = 0.0238), pT (P = 0.0002), pN (P < 0.0001), pM (P = 0.0002), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0021), and positive surgical margin (P < 0.0001) as negative prognostic predictors. Multivariate analyses indicated that pT (P = 0.0296), pN (P = 0.0003), and a positive surgical margin (P = 0.0452) were independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over-expression of caveolin-1 is associated with lymph node metastasis and a worse prognosis after surgery in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. katoken@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashida
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okushiba
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm