[Characteristics of growth and development in children from families at social risk].
BACKGROUND
Body height and weight are important indicators of children's health status. There are many evidences that children from disadvantaged families have lower height and weight than children of the same age from families without social risk. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of growth and development of children from economically disadvantaged families.


METHODS
The study was partly retrospective and partly prospective. The retrospective study included 509 children from disadvantaged families hospitalized at the Institute of Child and Adolescent Health Care in Novi Sad, during a five-year period. The prospective study included 90 children from disadvantaged families (experimental group) and 132 children from families without social risk (control group) hospitalized at the Institute during a six month period. Height/length, weight, head circumference, and psychomotor/intellectual development have been examined. In the retrospective study results were compared with theoretically expected values, whereas the prospective study results of experimental and control group were compared.


RESULTS
In the retrospective study that included only children from disadvantaged families, 136 (26.7%) children had height/length, 173 (34%) had weight, and 86 (16.9%) children had head circumference below 10th percentile. Delay in psychomotor/intellectual development was established in 177 (34.8%) children. Children from families with social risk have significantly more often height/length, weight, head circumference and developmental delay than theoretically expected. In the prospective study 40 (44.4%) children from experimental group had height/length, 29 (32.2%) had weight, 20 (22.2%) children had head circumference below 10th percentile, and 17 (26.2%) had delay in psychomotor/intellectual development. Children from disadvantaged families (experimental group) significantly more often had delay in growth and development comparing with children from families without social risk (control group).


CONCLUSIONS
Children from disadvantaged families significantly more often exhibit delay in growth and development, comparing with children of the same age from families without social risk. Therefore, pediatricians should consider social risk factors whenever treating children with growth or developmental delay.
Stojadinović
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Institut za zdravstvenu zastitu dece i omladine, 21000 Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 10. dsv@eunet.yu
D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005192:Family Health; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015022:Yugoslavia
Osobitosti rasta i razvoja dece iz porodica sa socijalnim rizikom.