title: Use of alternative pharmacotherapy in management of cardiovascular diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review use of alternative pharmacotherapy (AP) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and significant drug interactions between AP and traditional CVD medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search of MEDLINE and the National Complementary and Alternative Medicine database was done using these search terms: supplements, vitamins, garlic, fish oil, L-arginine, soy, coenzyme Q10, herbs, phytosterols, chelation therapy, alternative medicine, and CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  English human clinical trials measuring surrogate and clinical end points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antioxidants have not been consistently proven beneficial in reducing cardiovascular mortality. Fish oils may be beneficial in patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, but therapeutic doses need to be defined. Use of coenzyme Q10 in patients with heart failure has not demonstrated consistent benefits. Garlic may lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but also may increase bleeding, so its use in CVD patients should be monitored. Clinical studies with small sample sizes have demonstrated that L-arginine may be useful to prevent and treat CVD. The Food and Drug Administration recommends 25 g/day of soy protein as part of a diet low in saturated fats for cholesterol reduction. Plant sterols are recommended by the American Heart Association and the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel as adjunct therapy to reduce low-density lipoprotein. No data support use of chelation therapy. Some APs interact with common prescription CVD medications (eg, gingko and ginseng with warfarin, St. John's Wort with digoxin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefits of APs as part of the treatment for CVD are controversial. Routine use is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Shore Health System, Easton, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chagan
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ioselovich
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Asherova
authors.forename: Judy W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003067:Coenzymes; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004513:Education, Pharmacy, Continuing; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005737:Garlic / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013261:Sterols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D003067:Coenzymes; D005395:Fish Oils; D028321:Plant Preparations; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D013261:Sterols; D014451:Ubiquinone; D001120:Arginine; C024989:coenzyme Q10