title: Psychiatric symptoms in neurologically asymptomatic Huntington's disease gene carriers: a comparison with gene negative at risk subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychiatric profiles of two at-risk groups [Huntington's disease (HD) gene carriers and non-carriers] were compared by means of a computerized battery and a structured interview.
  
  
  METHODS
  To avoid confounding, only subjects who were free from neurological and cognitive deficits (neurologically asymptomatic) were included in the study. To avoid evaluation biases, all subjects were seen before the genetic testing was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene carriers had significantly worse recognition memory and scored higher in measures of irritability than controls. The groups also differed in terms of the factor structure of their psychiatric symptoms. None of the subjects qualified for a psychiatric diagnosis at the time of assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The groups differed with respect to their profile of psychiatric symptoms. It is hypothesized that these differences are the expression of different mechanisms, i.e. that cognitive deficits relate more to genetic factors and neurotic complaints more to being brought up in a disturbed family background. Issues concerning instrument sensitivity, selection bias and the advantage of seriatim assessments are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. geb11@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Berrios
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wagle
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Marková
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wagle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers