Comparison of radical scavenging effect, inhibition of microsomal oxygen free radical generation, and serum lipoprotein oxidation of several natural antioxidants.
Typical components of the Mediterranean diet, such as olive oil and red wine, contain high concentrations of complex phenols, which have been suggested to have an important antioxidant role. The aim of the present work was to determine the inhibitory potency of compounds such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and other structurally related compounds, such as gallic acid, toward reactive oxygen species generation and free radical scavenging ability. The potency of these compounds was also examined with respect to protecting in vitro low-density lipoprotein oxidation. These studies indicate that complex phenols, such as hydroxytyrosol, and gallic acid both inhibit free radical generation and act as free radical scavengers. The use of three different approaches to determine antioxidant potency demonstrates that activity in one test does not necessarily correlate with activity in another. It was also demonstrated that the presence of two phenolic groups is not always associated with antioxidant activity.
Stupans
Ieva
I
Center for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmaceutical, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. ieva.stupans@unisa.edu.au
Kirlich
Amra
A
Tuck
Kellie L
KL
Hayball
Peter J
PJ
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D015764:Bepridil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D011714:Pyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010851:Picrates; D010938:Plant Oils; D011714:Pyrans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; C002769:oleuropein; D005707:Gallic Acid; D015764:Bepridil; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D039181:Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol