title: In-situ measurement of ammonium and nitrate in the activated sludge process.
abstract: A new in-situ probe is presented for the continuous measurement of ammonium and nitrate in wastewater. It requires no sample preparation and is installed directly in the process liquid. This new low-cost probe significantly reduces investment and operating costs and requires minimum maintenance. The paper describes the sensor principle and test results from three different probe locations: the primary clarifier effluent, the activated sludge tank and the nitrifying biofilter influent. Reference measurements were carried out by means of conventional analyzers with ultrafiltration, an in-situ UV spectrometer for the nitrate and laboratory analysis of spot and 2h-composite samples. The aim of the study was to investigate the operational reliability and accuracy of the new probe and the expenditure required for its maintenance and calibration. The tests showed that the new probe performed very well overall and required minimum maintenance. Some problems were observed during the biofilter plant test. They are assumed to be related to substantial changes in the wastewater composition.
authors.affiliation: EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Duebendorf. leiv.rieger@eawag.ch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siegrist
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saracevic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Votava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004566:Electrodes; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012722:Sewage