title: Interferon alfa therapy for malignant melanoma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No standard systemic adjuvant therapy has been proven to increase overall survival in melanoma patients. The effect of interferon alfa (IFNalpha) as a single agent or in combination has been widely explored in clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of IFNalpha therapy in malignant melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing regimens with or without IFNalpha adjuvant therapy in melanoma patients. We assessed the effect of IFNalpha therapy on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), melanoma recurrences, and toxicity. The quality of each trial was systematically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IFNalpha therapy in melanoma patients were identified. Eight were published and one was unpublished. Eight trials comprising 3,178 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Quality assessment scores ranged from 22 to 71, with a mean score of 55.4 (95% confidence interval, 53.8 to 57.0). For OS, only one trial reported a statistically significant benefit for IFNalpha, but our analysis did not confirm it. Two trials reported statistically significant benefit in DFS for the patients treated with IFNalpha, but our analysis confirmed it in only one trial. There was a wide clinical heterogeneity between included trials, making meta-analysis inappropriate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our review, results from included RCTs demonstrated no clear benefit of IFNalpha therapy on OS in melanoma patients. A large RCT is required to answer whether a full regimen of IFNalpha therapy is effective and to identify the subgroups of patients who might benefit from IFNalpha treatment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. markolens@aol.com
authors.forename: Marko B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lens
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawes
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016239:MEDLINE; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha