title: Independent practice associations in New Zealand: a study of governance structures and process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the governance structures and processes of four primary care organisations (PCOs) and to evaluate member general practitioners' (GPs) perceptions of the effectiveness of these structures and processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of four PCOs was chosen in 1999, including three independent practitioner associations (IPAs), and a member organisation of CareNet. The chief executive officer of each PCO was interviewed, and the 245 member practitioners were surveyed with a written questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate to the GP survey was 78.4%. A two tier governance structure was identifiable for all four PCOs: policy board or steering committee, and working committees. In addition each utilised a peer group review process to provide input to some administrative functions. The CareNet PCO emphasised reduced bureaucracy and a loose administrative structure and process. There was a high level of respondent satisfaction (>90%) with their PCO governance processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Governance structures and processes have developed within the four PCOs that reflect the needs of member practitioners and according to the requirements of each district and PCO membership. A high level of member satisfaction with their PCO, its governance and processes, was evident.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine. ajk@man.rnzcgp.org.nz
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kriechbaum
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crampton
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dowell
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007193:Independent Practice Associations / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009520:New Zealand; D010465:Perception; D010821:Physicians, Family; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires