title: [Hyperglycemia and vascular damage role of oxidative stress].
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hyperglycaemia is being more and more acknowledged as a mediator of vessel damage. It is becoming increasingly clear that hyperglycaemia involves a number of different parameters (acute, chronic, and post-prandial hyperglycaemia), all of which contribute to the vascular damage caused by high glucose levels. High glucose levels are associated with the non-enzymatic glycation of both extra- and intracellular proteins, the accumulation of sorbitol via the aldose-reductase pathway, the activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide. The generation of reactive oxygen species may be a common downstream mechanism by means of which the multiple by-products of glucose exert their adverse effects on blood vessels.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giugliano
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide
vernacular_title: Iperglicemia e danno vascolare: ruolo dello stress ossidativo.