title: Post-prandial glucose excursions following four methods of bolus insulin administration in subjects with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if one method of short-acting insulin bolus administration is superior to other methods in managing a meal high in carbohydrates, calories and fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine subjects receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin lispro (Humalog) agreed to consume the same meal high in carbohydrates, calories and fat on four occasions 1 week apart. They received the same dose of bolus insulin on each of the four occasions randomly assigned and beginning 10 min prior to the meal as either a single bolus, two separate boluses of one-half the same total dose (the second after 90 min), the entire bolus given as a square-wave (over 2 h) or a dual-wave (70% as a bolus and 30% as a square-wave over 2 h). Blood glucose levels were measured at -60 and -30 min and at zero time, and then every half-hour for 6 h using the Hemacue in the out-patient clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in blood glucose values from fasting were the lowest after 90 and 120 min (P < 0.01) when the dual wave was administered. When the dual or square-wave methods of insulin administration were used, subjects had significantly lower glucose levels after 4 h in comparison with when the single or double boluses were used (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the dual wave provided the most effective method of insulin administration for this meal. The dual- and square-wave therapies resulted in lower glucose levels 4 h after the meal in comparison with the single and double-bolus treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. Peter.Chase@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Saib
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro