title: The development of an interactive game-based tool for learning surgical management algorithms via computer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously demonstrated the potential efficacy of a computer-assisted board game as a tool for medical education. The next logical step was to transfer the entire game on to the computer, thus increasing accessibility to students and allowing for a richer and more accurate simulation of patient scenarios.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, a general game model was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic. A breast module was then created using 3-D models, radiographs, and pathology and cytology images. The game was further improved by the addition of an animated facilitator, who directs the players via gestures and speech. Thirty-three students played the breast module in a variety of team configurations. After playing the game, the students completed surveys regarding its value as both an educational tool and as a form of entertainment. 10-question tests were also administered before and after playing the game, as a preliminary investigation into its impact on student learning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After playing the game, mean test scores increased from 6.43 (SEM +/- 0.30) to 7.14 (SEM +/- 0.30; P = 0.006). The results of the five-question survey were extremely positive. Students generally agreed that the game concept has value in increasing general knowledge regarding the subject matter of breast disease and that the idea of following simultaneously the work-up of numerous patients with similar problems is a helpful way to learn a work-up algorithm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postgame surveys demonstrate the efficacy of our computer game model as a tool for surgical education. The game is an example of problem based learning because it provides students with an initial set of problems and requires them to collect information and reason on their own in order to solve the problems. Individual game modules can be developed to cover material from different diagnostic areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MCP/Hahnemann University, 3300 Henry Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA. barry.mann@drexel.edu
authors.forename: Barry D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Eidelson
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nissman
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jardines
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D013502:General Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014584:User-Computer Interface