title: Type II alveolar cells play roles in macrophage-mediated host innate resistance to pulmonary mycobacterial infections by producing proinflammatory cytokines.
abstract: Roles of type II pneumocytes in macrophage (Mphi)-mediated host resistance to pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and M. avium complex (MAC) infections were studied. Electron microscopy of the lung sections of mice given intratracheal infection indicated that the organisms invaded both Mphis and type II pneumocytes. When Mono-Mac-6 Mphis(MM6-Mphis) and A-549 type II pneumocytes (A-549 cells) were cocultivated, bacterial growth in MM6-Mphis was reduced by A-549 cell-derived soluble factors, indicating the roles of type II pneumocytes in Mphi-mediated host resistance to mycobacteria. MTB- or MAC-infected A-549 cells showed increased mitochondrial RNA expression of cytokines and surfactant proteins (SPs), in the order tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) > or = granulocyte-Mphi colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) > Mphi chemoattractant protein > or = interleukin-8 > SP-D. Anti-TNF-alpha and anti-GM-CSF antibodies attenuated A-549 cell-dependent inhibition of intramacrophage mycobacteria, indicating their crucial roles in A-549 cell-mediated potentiation of Mphi antimycobacterial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Haruaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomioka
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.forename: Fusao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor