title: Localization of activator protein-1 complex with DNA binding activity in mitochondria of murine brain after in vivo treatment with kainate.
abstract: To elucidate mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by glutamate, we have examined the effects of in vivo treatment with the ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist kainate on localization of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) in mitochondria as well as nuclei of murine brain. A systemic administration of kainate dramatically enhanced AP-1 DNA binding in both mitochondrial and nuclear extracts of mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus 1 hr to 3 d later. Unlabeled AP-1 probe selectively competed for AP-1 DNA binding in mitochondrial extracts of cortex and hippocampus obtained from mice injected with kainate. Supershift and immunoblotting analyses revealed participation of c-Fos, Fos-B, and Jun-B proteins in potentiation by kainate of mitochondrial AP-1 DNA binding in cortex and hippocampus. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated marked expression by kainate of c-Fos protein in the pyramidal and dentate granular layers, whereas an immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed localization of c-Fos protein within mitochondria, as well as nuclei, of the CA1 pyramidal and dentate granular cells in hippocampus obtained 2 hr after the administration of kainate. Mitochondrial AP-1 DNA binding was inhibited by particular unlabeled oligonucleotides containing sequences similar to the AP-1 site found in the noncoding region of mitochondrial DNA. Kainate markedly potentiated binding of radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes containing sequences effective in competing for AP-1 DNA binding in hippocampal mitochondrial extracts. These results suggest that kainate may facilitate expression of the AP-1 complex and subsequent translocation into mitochondria to participate in mechanisms associated with transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial DNA in murine hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Drug Safety, Setsunan University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan. ogita@pharm.setsunan.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kiyokazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujinami
authors.forename: Kiyokazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008024:Ligands; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D008024:Ligands; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D007608:Kainic Acid