title: A multiinstitutional, concurrent chemoradiation trial of strontium-89, estramustine, and vinblastine for hormone refractory prostate carcinoma involving bone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estramustine phosphate (EMP) and vinblastine have radiosensitizing properties and significant activity against hormone refractory prostate carcinoma. Strontium-89 is a palliative agent that acts as a selective radiation source for bone metastasis. The combination of EMP, vinblastine, and strontium-89 was developed to exploit the potential for radiosynergy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients at the Brown Oncology Group affiliated hospitals were treated with oral EMP 600 mg/m2 daily on Weeks 1-4 and 7-10, vinblastine 4 mg/m2 intravenously once each week on Weeks 1-4 and 7-10, and strontium-89 2.2 MBq/kg on Day 1. Courses were repeated every 12 weeks. Response assessment was based on a change in the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, correlated with change in measurable disease and bone scan appearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A greater than or equal to 50% decline in PSA for at least 6 weeks was observed in 21 patients (48%, 95% confidence interval, 33-62%). Median duration of response was 23 weeks (range, 6-70.8 weeks). The median survival was 13 months with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 55% and 25%, respectively. After completion of protocol therapy, a retrospective review showed that only nine patients received subsequent palliative external beam radiation after progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of strontium-89 to the regimen of EMP and vinblastine can be delivered safely and in repeated doses, provides effective palliation, and may decrease the need for future radiation therapy. A randomized trial is necessary to quantify these effects.
authors.affiliation: Boston University Medical Center, Oncology-Hematology, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Wallace.Arkerley@bmc.org
authors.forename: Wallace
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Akerley
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butera
authors.forename: Terek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wehbe
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Sundaresan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sambandam
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Rienzo
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leone
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D004961:Estramustine; D014747:Vinblastine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen