title: The human papillomavirus 16 E6 protein binds to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) R1 and protects cells from TNF-induced apoptosis.
abstract: High risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), such as HPV 16, cause human cervical carcinoma. The E6 protein of HPV 16 mediates the rapid degradation of p53, although this is not the only function of E6 and cannot completely explain its transforming potential. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that transfection of HPV 16 E6 into the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-sensitive LM cell line protects expressing cells from TNF-induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner, and the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism underlying this protection. Caspase 3 and caspase 8 activation were significantly reduced in E6-expressing cells, indicating that E6 acts early in the TNF apoptotic pathway. In fact, E6 binds directly to TNF R1, as shown both by co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid approaches. E6 requires the same C-terminal portion of TNF R1 for binding as does TNF R1-associated death domain, and TNF R1/TNF R1-associated death domain interactions are decreased in the presence of E6. HA-E6 also blocked cell death triggered by transfection of the death domain of TNF R1. Together, these results provide strong support for a model in which HPV E6 binding to TNF R1 interferes with formation of the death-inducing signaling complex and thus with transduction of proapoptotic signals. They also demonstrate that HPV, like several other viruses, has developed a method for evading the TNF-mediated host immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippova
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Terence S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Dermody
authors.forename: Penelope J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Duerksen-Hughes
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D002518:Ceramides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D051379:Mice; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000737:chemistry*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D002518:Ceramides; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D011506:Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016685:Mitomycin; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C505526:Casp8 protein, mouse; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases