The application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry and neurosciences research.
OBJECTIVE
Over recent years transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become widely applied in the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this article is to review the application of TMS as an investigative tool and as a potential therapeutic modality in psychiatric disorders.


METHODS
A comprehensive literature review.


RESULTS
When applied as an investigative tool, TMS provides innovative ways to directly study the excitability of the cortex, cortical regional connectivity, the plasticity of brain responses and cognitive functioning in illness and disease states. A number of studies suggest the potential of treatment with TMS in disease states, especially in patients with depression, although difficulties exist with the interpretation of the published literature.


CONCLUSIONS
TMS has a considerable role in neuropsychiatric research. It appears to have considerable potential as a therapeutic tool in depression, and perhaps a role in several other disorders, although widespread application requires larger trials and establishment of sustained response.
Fitzgerald
P B
PB
Dandenong Psychiatry Research Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Monash University, PO Box 956, Dandenong, Victoria 3175, Australia. paul.fitzgerald@med.monash.edu.au
Brown
T L
TL
Daskalakis
Z J
ZJ
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D003071:Cognition; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy; D012640:Seizures / Q000628:therapy