title: Threat-induced cortical processing and startle potentiation.
abstract: This paper presents cortical responses as reflected in event-related potentials (ERP) in an instructed fear paradigm. Safe cues and threat cues that predict shock were presented at an unprecedented fast rate (mean SOA of 2.1 s). Startle and subjective measures confirmed that threat relative to safe cues elicited fear. Several ERP correlates of fear processing were predicted and confirmed: modulation of exogenous sensory components, frontal selection positivity, and increase of P3. Furthermore, a frontal negative slow wave was observed. These results are discussed in relation to attentional selection models and emotional processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychopharmacology and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M P
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baas
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kenemans
authors.forename: K B E
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Böcker
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Verbaten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D004597:Electroshock; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors