title: Analysis of chondrex (YKL-40, HC gp-39) in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spine disease.
abstract: METHODS
  The expression of chondrex (YKL-40, HC gp-39) was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of from patients with spine diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the levels of chondrex in human cerebrospinal fluid, and to clarify the nature of its expression.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chondrex is a newly discovered 40-kDa glycoprotein identified originally in the whey secretions of nonlactating cows. It is secreted by a human osteosarcoma cell line, human articular cartilage chondrocytes, and human fibroblasts. However, the function of chondrex in chondrogenesis is unknown, and the expression of chondrex in human cerebrospinal fluid has never been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of chondrex in human cerebrospinal fluid was measured by sandwich immunoassay with antihuman chondrex antibodies. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from two groups of patients. Group 1, the control group, consisted of 34 trauma patients. Group 2 consisted of 130 patients with spine diseases: 29 with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 30 with lumbar disc herniation, 35 with lumbar canal stenosis, and 36 with scoliosis. All values are expressed as the mean +/- standard deviation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of chondrex in Group 1 (control group) was 113.8 +/- 48.3 ng/mL. The concentrations of chondrex in Group 2 were 245.3 +/- 107.2 ng/mL in cervical myelopathy, 143.2 +/- 53.6 ng/mL in lumbar disc herniation, 241.5 +/- 77.2 ng/mL in lumbar canal stenosis, and 71.4 +/- 33.9 ng/mL in scoliosis. The concentrations of chondrex in cervical myelopathy, lumbar canal stenosis, and lumbar disc herniation were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the chondrex concentration was high in spine diseases causing spinal stenosis. The authors believe that chondrex is expressed in cerebrospinal fluid as a result of damage or stress to the neural structure, and that it could be a new marker for spine diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. tsuji-t@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.forename: Yukiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Hisatake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins; D008875:Middle Aged; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins