title: Induction and acceleration of insulitis/diabetes in mice with a viral mimic (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) and an insulin self-peptide.
abstract: Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyIC), a "mimic" of double-stranded viral RNA, can induce diabetes when administered to rats with RT1(u), and immunization of normal H-2(d) mice (e.g., BALB/c) with insulin B:9-23 peptide (but not H-2(b)) results in the rapid induction of insulin autoantibodies. Because a mouse model of PolyIC/antigen-induced diabetes is lacking, we sought to produce insulitis and diabetes with either PolyIC and/or B:9-23 peptide immunization. Simultaneous administration of PolyIC and B:9-23 peptide to BALB/c mice (but with neither alone) induced insulitis. CD4 T lymphocytes predominated within islets, and the mice did not progress to hyperglycemia. Islets with transgene-induced expression of the costimulatory B7-1 molecule have enhanced diabetes susceptibility. Diabetes was frequently induced in B7-1 transgenic mice with H-2(d) in contrast to H-2(b) mice after PolyIC administration. Disease induction was accelerated by adding B:9-23 immunization to PolyIC. These studies demonstrate that "normal" mice have autoreactive T lymphocytes able to rapidly target islets and insulin given appropriate MHC alleles and that a peripherally administered insulin peptide (an altered peptide ligand of which is in clinical trials) can enhance specific anti-islet autoimmunity. These first PolyIC/insulin-induced murine models should provide an important tool to study the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes with experimental autoimmune diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abiru
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gianani
authors.forename: F Susan
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eisenbarth
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000821:virology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D005934:Glucagon; D011070:Poly I-C