title: Influence of extracellular polymeric substances on deposition and redeposition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to surfaces.
abstract: In this study, the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the initial adhesion of EPS-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG81 and SG81R1, a non-EPS-producing strain, to substrata with different hydrophobicity was investigated. The release of EPS by SG81 was concurrent with a decrease in surface tension of a bacterial suspension from 70 to 45 mJ m(-2) that was absent for SG81R1. Both strains adhered faster and in higher numbers to a hydrophilic than to a hydrophobic substratum, but the initial deposition rates and numbers of adhering bacteria in a stationary-end point were highest for the non-EPS-producing strain SG81R1, regardless of substratum hydrophobicity. Both strains adhered less to substrata pre-coated with isolated EPS of strain SG81. Furthermore, it was investigated whether bacteria, detached by passing air-bubbles, had left behind 'footprints' with an influence on adhesion of newly redepositing bacteria. Redeposition on glass was highest for non-EPS-producing SG81R1 and decreased linearly with the number of times these cycles of detachment and deposition were repeated to become similar to the redeposition of SG81 after six cycles. This indicates that P. aeruginosa SG81 leaves the substratum surface nearly completely covered with EPS after detachment, while SG81R1 releases only minor amounts of surface active EPS, completely covering the substratum after repeated cycles of detachment and adhesion. Atomic force microscopy showed a thick and irregular EPS layer (up to 32 nm) after the first detachment cycle of EPS-producing strain SG81, whereas the putatively non-EPS-producing strain SG81R1 left a 9 nm thin layer after one cycle. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the bacterial footprints consisted of uronic acids, the prevalence of which increased with the number of detachment and deposition cycles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez-Suárez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pasma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Arnout J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Borden
authors.affiliation: Division of Aquatical Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gerhard Mercator-University of Duisburg, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany2.
authors.forename: Jost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wingender
authors.affiliation: Division of Aquatical Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gerhard Mercator-University of Duisburg, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany2.
authors.forename: Hans-Curt
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Flemming
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Henny C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van der Mei
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013500:Surface Tension
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media