title: Phosphatase and tensin analog gene overexpression engenders cellular death in human malignant mesothelioma cells via inhibition of AKT phosphorylation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal phosphatase and tensin analog (PTEN) gene expression has been noted in neoplasms. The PTEN protein cleaves phosphate groups from cellular growth kinases, inhibiting tumor propagation. A downstream target of PTEN is AKT, a serine-threonine kinase that when activated inhibits apoptosis. We sought to determine whether PTEN overexpression in mesothelioma cells would engender hypophosphorylation of AKT and apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human malignant mesothelioma cell lines REN and I-45 were transfected with adenoviral vectors AdPTEN and AdBgal (marker gene) at various multiplicities of infection (MOI). Cell viability was measured using a colorimetric assay, and apoptosis was assessed by morphology and subG1 fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. PTEN protein and AKT phophorylation were evaluated by Western blot, and AKT kinase activity was evaluated by functional assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased cellular killing was noted with AdPTEN gene transfer. The ratio of cell killing with AdPTEN to AdBgal widened with increasing MOI and was statistically significant at all MOI. Cells demonstrated apoptosis by morphologic and subG1 FACS analyses. Cells overexpressing PTEN demonstrated decreased phosphorylated (active) AKT and AKT kinase activity compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of PTEN engenders apoptosis in mesothelioma by AKT hypophosphorylation. The forced overexpression of PTEN may prove useful clinically in this treatment-resistant neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohiuddin
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Mustafa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ozvaran
authors.forename: Lou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zumstein
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chada
authors.forename: W Roy
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smythe
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000235:genetics*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human