title: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperlipidemia and hypertension have been reported in liver allograft recipients and contribute to an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aims of the study were (1) to determine the prevalence of risk factors for IHD in these patients and (2) to compare the observed incidence of cardiovascular events and related mortality in allograft recipients with a matched population.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ten consecutive adults (50 male) who attended for review after OLT (median follow-up 3.9 years; range 0.1-17.9) were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors using current blood pressure, diabetic status, and smoking history and measurements of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality data were collected from the prospective database of all adult liver allograft recipients and compared to matched data from myocardial infarction registries and Office for National Statistics data, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Raised serum cholesterol (>5.0 mmol/L) was found in 48 (44%) patients (18 male), and systolic hypertension (>140 mmHg) was found in 69 (63%) patients (27 male). The relative risk of ischemic cardiac events was 3.07 (95% [confidence interval] CI, 1.98-4.53) and the relative risk for cardiovascular deaths was 2.56 (95% CI, 1.52-4.05) in allograft recipients compared to an age-matched population without transplants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver allograft recipients have a greater risk of cardiovascular deaths and ischemic events than an age- and sex-matched population. The prevalence of raised cholesterol concentrations in patients after OLT is similar to those in previous reports. Moderate hypertension and hyperlipidemia may be more detrimental in patients after OLT compared to non-transplant patients without these risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK. sdjohnston@utvinternet.com.
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Joan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cramb
authors.forename: Bridget K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Gunson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuberger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol