title: Kidney function and glomerulopathy over 8 years in young patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate prospectively the interrelation between kidney function and glomerular morphological changes over 8 years in young patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kidney biopsies were taken at baseline and after 8 years in 18 subjects who were 20 years of age (19-29 mean and range), had duration of diabetes for 11 years (7-18), and who had an albumin excretion rate of 45 microg/min (15-194). The glomerular ultrastructural parameters were analysed using stereological methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the study three patients had an increased albumin excretion rate of more than 25 % a year, two of whom developed overt nephropathy. Glomerular filtration rate declined 2.3 ml/min x 1.73 m(-2) x yr(-1). Glomerular volume, volume fractions of matrix and mesangium, and basement membrane thickness showed an increase over the 8 years. Multiple regression analysis showed that mean 8-years HbA(1 c), matrix volume fraction(baseline) and basement membrane thickness BMT(baseline) accounted for 70 % of the variation in AER at the end of the study. Mesangial volume fraction(baseline,) glomerular filtration fraction(baseline,) and mean 8-year HbA(1 c) accounted for 73 % of the change in glomerular filtration rate from baseline. Smoking was strongly associated with the glomerular filtration rate at baseline ( r = 0.65). When glomerular filtration rate(baseline) was omitted from the equation, smoking was the only significant parameter linked to the change in glomerular filtration rate from the baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who had diabetes for 20 years, long-term hyperglycaemia and glomerulopathy found 8 years prior to the study, and possibly smoking, affected renal function (i. e. albumin excretion rate and glomerular filtration rate).
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. h.j.bangstad@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bangstad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Østerby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brabrand
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hanssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D001706:Biopsy; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin