title: The interaction between gabapentin and amitriptyline in the rat formalin test after systemic administration.
abstract: We examined the effects of systemically administered gabapentin on flinching and biting/licking behaviors produced by 2.5% formalin in the rat, compared these with those of amitriptyline, and determined the effects of combinations of gabapentin with amitriptyline. Gabapentin produced a dose-related inhibition of Phase 2, but not Phase 1, flinching and biting/licking behaviors. In contrast, amitriptyline produced an increase in Phase 2 flinching behaviors while simultaneously decreasing biting/licking behaviors. Fifty percent effective dose (ED50) values against biting/licking behaviors were 22.9 +/- 1.3 mg/kg and 8.5 +/- 1.3 mg/kg for gabapentin and amitriptyline, respectively. Combinations of increasing fractional increments of ED50 doses of gabapentin and amitriptyline produced an additive effect against biting/licking behaviors, as revealed by isobolographic analysis. These increments had no effect on flinching behaviors except at the ED25 + ED25 doses, at which flinching was increased, again revealing additivity between the two drugs. Flinching behaviors in rats do not reflect the analgesic properties of systemically administered amitriptyline observed in humans and may not be useful for predicting an effect of combinations of drugs with amitriptyline. Biting/licking behaviors do reflect analgesic properties for both drugs and may be more useful in this regard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By use of the rat formalin test, a model of persistent pain, we examined the effect of a combination of amitriptyline and gabapentin, which are used to treat chronic pain in humans. The drug combination produced additive analgesia against one outcome, but another outcome was more ambiguous.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Heughan
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sawynok
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000588:Amines; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005557:Formaldehyde; D000077206:Gabapentin; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000588:Amines; D000700:Analgesics; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D000639:Amitriptyline; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin