title: Enhancement of paradoxical sleep by lights-off stimulation depends on sleep states.
abstract: This study was aimed at clarifying whether the lights-off stimulation effect on paradoxical sleep (PS) enhancement in albino rats depends on sleep and wakefulness states. Male Sprague-Dawley rat pairs were subjected to lights-off stimulation for 320 s when one of the two rats was in non-rapid-eye movement sleep (NREM) continuously for at least 64 s (NREM-off condition). Simultaneously, the other rat received the same lights-off stimulation during any sleep and wakefulness state (random-off condition). Each rat underwent both lights-off conditions. The sequence of the two lights-off conditions was counter-balanced. PS was enhanced during the lights-off period in both the NREM-off and random-off conditions. However, the increased amount of PS was greater in the NREM-off condition than the random-off condition. In the random-off condition, rats had more PS in the lights-off period than in the preceding and succeeding lights-on periods only if they were in high EEG amplitude NREM (HS) at lights-off. Thus, this study verified that the lights-off stimulation effect on PS enhancement in the albino rat depended on the sleep states. However, the lights-off treatment did not alter the relationship between PS and preceding NREM, or the hippocampal theta activity or the PS latency in the lights-off period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan, R.O.C. psyllt@ccunix.ccu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D013826:Theta Rhythm