title: Genotoxic, cytotoxic and ontogenetic effects of tri-n-butyltin on the marine worm, Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta: Nereidae).
abstract: The genotoxic, cytotoxic and ontogenetic (embryo-larval) or developmental effects of tri-n-butyltin (TBT), were investigated in Platynereis dumerilii. Following the determination of maximum tolerated dose with regard to ontogenetic effects and mortality, early life stages of P. dumerilii were exposed to a range of TBT concentrations. Subsequently, the embryo-larvae were analysed for evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Genotoxicity was assessed using cytogenetic endpoints that included the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations from metaphase spreads. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by determining the proliferative rate index of the growing embryo-larval cells using 5-bromodeoxyuridine labelling of the chromosomes or fluorescence plus Giemsa staining technique. TBT-exposed embryo-larvae of P. dumerilii exhibited sensitivity similar to that of other invertebrates, indicating that P. dumerilii is a suitable ecotoxicity test species. The results also suggested dose-dependent effects for genotoxic and cytotoxic end points in relation to TBT exposure. The present study highlights the need to elucidate the relative importance of direct genotoxic and indirect effects through production of genotoxic hormonal derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Plymouth Environmental Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Josephine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hagger
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Depledge
authors.forename: Awadhesh N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Jha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011559:tributyltin