title: Gestational diabetes versus obesity as risk factors for pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders and fetal macrosomia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether obesity and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are independent risk factors for fetal macrosomia and/or pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective computerised database review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lyell McEwin Health Service, South Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  All nulliparous women delivering singleton babies in the years 1999 and 2000
  
  
  METHODS
  Birth weights, the occurrence of fetal macrosomia, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were compared between 258 normoglycaemic women (control group), 76 women with only an abnormal glucose challenge test, and 51 women with GDM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only GDM with fasting hyperglycaemia is a risk factor for macrosomia (risk ratio: 3.3 95% confidence limits 1.229-8.736). Smoking is associated with a decrease in the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data strongly suggest that GDM and obesity are not independent risk factors for pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide University, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Jessika
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Hoorn
authors.forename: Gus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeffries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology