title: Outcomes analysis of 64 consecutive open pediatric renal and upper ureteral operations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a recent consecutive series of children undergoing open renal and upper ureteral surgery that was analyzed for outcomes, particularly morbidity and length of stay.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 64 children underwent open renal or upper ureteral surgery using an upper abdominal retroperitoneal approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operation time was 206 minutes, with a mean estimated blood loss of 20 mL. The mean analgesic dosage during the in-house postoperative period was 2.9 doses. The mean length of stay was 21.3 hours. A single complication occurred. One patient had a postoperative temperature of 38.6 degrees C, which was attributed to a pulmonary causation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For now, open surgery remains the standard approach for pediatric renal and upper ureteral anomalies and diseases with an expected postoperative result and course similar to that of laparoscopically performed procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Arkansas College of Medicine and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: Pramod P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics