title: Factors which predict unsuccessful mobilisation of peripheral blood progenitor cells following G-CSF alone in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-dose therapy with haematopoietic progenitor cell support has increasingly been utilised for patients with haematological malignancies. Peripheral blood is the stem cell source of choice, however, various mobilisation strategies are used by different centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 2-year period, 52 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (median age 47 years, range 16-64 years) underwent peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilisation using G-CSF alone (16 microg/kg/day). The harvest was considered successful if > or =1 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg were collected by leukapheresis. The histological subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma comprised: follicular (24 patients), diffuse large B-cell (14 patients), lymphoplasmacytoid (four patients), mantle cell (three patients), lymphoblastic lymphoma (one patient) and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (six patients). The median interval from diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to mobilisation was 27 months (range 2 months to 17 years). The median number of prior treatment episodes was 2 (range 1-5); 26 patients had received fludarabine alone or in combination. At the time of peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilisation, 20 patients were in 1st remission and 32 were in > or =2nd remission; 30 patients were in partial remission and 22 were in complete remission; the bone marrow was involved in nine patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilisation/harvest was unsuccessful in 19 out of 52 (37%) patients (mobilisation: 18, harvest: 1). The factors associated with unsuccessful mobilisation or harvest were: prior fludarabine therapy (P=0.002), bone marrow involvement at diagnosis (P=0.002), bone marrow involvement anytime prior to mobilisation (P=0.02), histological diagnosis of follicular, mantle cell, or lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, or small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (P=0.03) and female gender (P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although peripheral blood progenitor cells can be successfully mobilised and harvested from the majority of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after treatment with G-CSF alone, the latter is unsuccessful in approximately one-third of patients. These factors should be taken into account when patients are being considered for high-dose treatment.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 45 Little Britain, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK.
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Micallef
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Apostolidis
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Rohatiner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Crawley
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bradburn
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okukenu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cavenagh
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lister
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007937:Leukapheresis; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine