title: An overview of toxicogenomics.
abstract: Toxicogenomics is a rapidly developing discipline that promises to aid scientists in understanding the molecular and cellular effects of chemicals in biological systems. This field encompasses global assessment of biological effects using technologies such as DNA microarrays or high throughput NMR and protein expression analysis. This review provides an overview of advancing multiple approaches (genomic, proteomic, metabonomic) that may extend our understanding of toxicology and highlights the importance of coupling such approaches with classical toxicity studies.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Intramural Microarray Center, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Hisham K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hamadeh
authors.forename: Rupesh P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Paules
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Afshari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000639:trends*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D019992:Databases as Topic; D015195:Drug Design; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000639:trends*; D015870:Gene Expression; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008954:Models, Biological; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000639:trends*; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051381:Rats; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger