title: Evidence for a susceptibility locus for panic disorder near the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene on chromosome 22.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A well-characterized single nucleotide polymorphism (472G/A-Val/Met-SNP8) in the coding sequence of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene leads to a three- to fourfold difference in enzymatic activity and clinical and animal studies suggest a role in anxiety states like panic disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects from 70 panic disorder pedigrees, and 83 "triads", were genotyped at seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), polymorphic microsatellites in the first intron of COMT and approximately 339kb upstream of COMT (D22S944) and analyzed for genetic association and linkage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linkage analysis showed elevated LOD scores for 472G/A (SNP 8), silent exon 3 substitution (186C/T-SNP 5), and the marker D22S944 (2.88, 2.62, and 2.93, respectively), using a variety of diagnostic and genetic models. Association tests were not significant for the SNPs, but were highly significant for D22S944 (p =.0001-.0003). One three-marker haplotype formed from the above three polymorphisms was significantly associated with panic disorder (p =.0001), as was the "global" p value for this combination (p =.005). In addition, numerous haplotypes with combinations of D22S944 and COMT SNPs were found to be significantly associated with panic disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide strong evidence for a susceptibility locus for panic disorder either within the COMT gene or in a nearby region of chromosome 22.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Slager
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Heiman
authors.forename: Zemin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haghighi
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Myrna M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: Abby J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fyer
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knowles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase