title: No changes in serum fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid concentrations with the intake of plant sterol/stanol esters in the context of a controlled diet.
abstract: Spreads enriched with plant sterol and stanol esters have been shown to possess similar cholesterol-lowering properties; however, their comparative capacity to alter circulating levels of other fat-soluble compounds has not been fully assessed. To compare actions of sterol and stanol ester consumption on serum fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid concentrations, 15 hypercholesterolemic subjects were fed each of 3 fixed foods treatment diets over 21 days using a randomized crossover controlled design. Diets contained either (1) margarine (M), (2) margarine with sterol esters (MSE; 1.92 g/d), or (3) margarine with stanol esters (MSA; 1.76 g/d). No significant differences were found in initial or final serum fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid concentrations among the 3 phases. Serum retinol and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations at baseline and endpoint and percentage changes relative to baseline for MSE and MSA were not significantly different from those of the M diet. After adjusting for total cholesterol reduction, no changes for alpha- and gamma-tocopherol were found. Serum vitamins D and K, lycopene, and lutein concentrations and percentage changes did not differ across diets. Serum concentrations at baseline and endpoint and percentage changes for alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin and alpha- and gamma-carotene were not different among the diets, nor did serum alpha- and gamma-carotene concentrations to total cholesterol ratios differ. Serum lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, and alpha-carotene concentrations increased over time. In conclusion, our results show no effect of consumption of esterified plant sterols or stanols on serum fat-soluble vitamin or carotenoid concentrations compared with a control diet.
authors.affiliation: School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raeini-Sarjaz
authors.forename: Fady Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Ntanios
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vanstone
authors.forename: Peter J H
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008383:Margarine; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010919:Placebos; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012995:Solubility; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*; D024341:Xanthophylls; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D010840:Phytosterols; D010919:Placebos; D012855:Sitosterols; D014815:Vitamins; D024341:Xanthophylls; C407042:plant stanol ester; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D014812:Vitamin K; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene; D008383:Margarine; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D014975:Lutein