title: Expression of chondrocyte markers by cells of normal and degenerate intervertebral discs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the phenotype of cells in normal and degenerate intervertebral discs by studying the expression of molecules characteristic of chondrocytes in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human intervertebral discs taken at surgery were graded histologically, and classified on this basis as normal or degenerate. Eighteen of each type were selected, and in situ hybridisation was performed for the chondrocytic markers Sox9 and collagen II using (35)S labelled cDNA probes. Aggrecan was located by immunohistochemistry, using the monoclonal antibody HAG7E1, and visualised with an avidin-biotin peroxidase system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normal discs, strong signals for Sox9 and collagen II mRNA, and strong staining for the aggrecan protein were seen for the cells of the nucleus pulposus (NP), but reactions were weak or absent over the cells of the annulus fibrosus (AF). In degenerate discs, the Sox9 and collagen II mRNA signals remained visible over the cells of the NP and were again absent in the AF. Aggrecan staining was not visible in the NP cells, and was again absent in the AF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cells of the normal NP showed expression of all three markers, clearly indicating a chondrocytic phenotype. In degeneration, there was evidence of a loss of aggrecan synthesis, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. AF cells showed no evidence of a chondrocytic phenotype in either normal or degenerate discs.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Sive
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeziorsk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoyland
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Freemont
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053674:Aggrecans; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000235:genetics; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005260:Female; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000737:chemistry*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D015415:Biomarkers; D024043:Collagen Type II; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors