title: Cirrhotic livers reveal genetic changes in the MDM2-P14ARF system of cell cycle regulators.
abstract: The genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is promoted by changes in the regulatory MDM2-P14ARF system. The incidence of such changes has to date not been analysed in non-tumourous livers showing regenerative proliferation. In the present study, 24 cirrhotic livers of alcohol-, autoimmue disorder- or HCV-caused genesis were screened for MDM2-P14ARF alterations at the level of protein, DNA and mRNA. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, the absence of MDM2 and P14ARF expression was detected in all samples except three HCV-infected livers (four livers) which contained hepatocytes overexpressing MDM2 (P14ARF) protein. In two of the samples lacking P14ARF expression, laser microdissection and PCR demonstrated deletion of the P14ARF gene. The P14ARF gene amplified from other specimens did not carry mutations. MDM2 splicing variants were present in tissues from alcohol- and autoimmune disorder-induced cirrhoses. Sequencing of full-size mRNA revealed a MDM2 mis-sense mutation in an alcohol-induced cirrhosis. One sample contained regenerative nodules with genetic instability occurring at MDM2 locus D12S83 according to the data of automatic PCR fragment analysis. In summary, this study gives first evidence for different types of MDM2 and P14ARF alterations in cirrhotic livers. We suggest that the changes impair the regulatory MDM2-P14ARF system, thus possibly favouring regenerative proliferation and transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytopathology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany. tschlott@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schlott
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gorzel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Middel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spring
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2