Spinor bosonic atoms in optical lattices: symmetry breaking and fractionalization.
We study superfluid and Mott insulator phases of cold spin-1 Bose atoms with antiferromagnetic interactions in an optical lattice, including a usual polar condensate phase, a condensate of singlet pairs, a crystal spin nematic phase, and a spin singlet crystal phase. We suggest a possibility of exotic fractionalized phases of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates and discuss them in the language of Z2 lattice gauge theory.
Demler
Eugene
E
Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Zhou
Fei
F