title: Effect of taurine on ulcerogenic response and impaired ulcer healing induced by monochloramine in rat stomachs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that neutrophil-derived hypochlorous acid interacts with ammonia (NH4OH) to generate monochloramine (NH2Cl) and that NH2Cl irritates the gastric mucosa and impairs ulcer healing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of taurine, a hypochlorous acid scavenger, on the mucosal ulcerogenic and the impaired healing response induced by NH2Cl in rat stomachs, in comparison with those of methionine and glycine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under anaesthesia, oral administration of NH2Cl (120 mmol/L) produced severe lesions in male Sprague-Dawley rat stomachs. Taurine (10-100 mg/kg) given p.o. 30 min prior to NH2Cl dose-dependently prevented these lesions in response to NH2Cl. This action was mimicked by methionine (3-30 mg/kg) but not by glycine (10-100 mg/kg). Under urethane anaesthesia, mucosal exposure to NH4OH (120 mmol/L) caused a marked reduction of potential difference (PD) in the ex vivo chambered stomachs after induction of ischaemia, resulting in severe lesions. These ulcerogenic and PD responses by NH4OH plus ischaemia were also mitigated by taurine and methionine, but not glycine, applied to the chamber 20 min before the onset of NH4OH plus ischaemia. Moreover, oral administration of 100% ethanol produced severe haemorrhagic lesions in rat stomachs, all of which rapidly healed within 7 days after lesion induction. Daily administration of NH2Cl (20 mmol/L) significantly delayed the healing of these lesions, but recovery of this impaired healing response was obtained by concurrent administration of taurine. Both taurine and methionine showed a potent scavenging effect against NH2Cl in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) NH2Cl generated either exogenously or endogenously damages the gastric mucosa and impairs the healing response; (2) taurine exerts a prophylactic effect against the deleterious effects of NH2Cl, mainly due to its scavenging action against NH2Cl; and (3) this effect of taurine may be useful for treatment of gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan. skato@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanatsu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002700:Chloramines / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D013654:Taurine; D008715:Methionine; C030816:chloramine; D005998:Glycine