title: Monitoring changes in gene expression in renal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although acute renal failure (ARF) is a relatively common disorder with major morbidity and mortality, its molecular basis remains incompletely defined. The present study examined global gene expression in the well-characterized ischemia-reperfusion model of ARF using DNA microarray technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats underwent bilateral renal ischemia (30 min) or sham operation, followed by reperfusion for 1, 2, 3 or 4 days. Plasma creatinine increased approximately fivefold over baseline, peaking on day 1. Renal total RNA was used to probe cDNA microarrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alterations in expression of 18 genes were identified by microarray analysis. Nine genes were up-regulated (ADAM2, HO-1, UCP-2, and thymosin beta4 in the early phase and clusterin, vanin1, fibronectin, heat-responsive protein 12 and FK506 binding protein in the established phase), whereas another nine were down-regulated (glutamine synthetase, cytochrome p450 IId6, and cyp 2d9 in the early phase and cyp 4a14, Xist gene, PPARgamma, alpha-albumin, uromodulin, and ADH B2 in the established phase). The identities of these 18 genes were sequence-verified. Changes in gene expression of ADAM2, cyp2d6, fibronectin, HO-1 and PPARgamma were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ADAM2, cyp2d6, and PPARgamma have not previously been known to be involved in ARF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using DNA microarray technology, we identified changes in expression of 18 genes during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. We confirmed changes in five genes (fibronectin, ADAM2, cyp 2d6, HO-1 and PPARgamma) by quantitative real-time PCR. Several genes, not previously been identified as playing a role in ischemic ARF, may have importance in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Manjula
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurella
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beato
authors.forename: Hyunsuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ingelfinger
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stears
authors.forename: Rita D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Swinford
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gullans
authors.forename: Shiow-Shih
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D000072196:Fertilins; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051722:ADAM Proteins; C000606459:Adam2 protein, rat; D000072196:Fertilins; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases