title: [Correlation between midkine protein overexpression and intrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the correlation between midkine (MK) protein expression with local infiltration and metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical and Western Blot analysis for MK were performed on samples of tumor tissue and the paratumor tissue from HCC and benign liver tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overexpression of MK protein determined by immunohistochemical analysis was similar to that by Western Blot analysis. No specific positivity was detected in either benign liver tumor tissue or normal liver tissue, but most of HCC tissue showed a positive reaction to MK immunostain. No correlation between MK expression and other clinicopathological features in MK negative or positive HCC cases was found. Yet, the overexpression rate of MK protein in HCC with intra-hepatic metastasis was significantly higher than that in HCC without intra-hepatic metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In human hepatocellular carcinoma, MK overexpressed at protein level may very well be closely related to local infiltration and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Research Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: Zhengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xiangji
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Zongdi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Haihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Mengchao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000078792:Midkine; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine