title: Hydrothermal modification of titanium surface in calcium solutions.
abstract: Hydrothermal modification of a titanium surface in calcium solutions was performed. The apatite precipitation on the modified surface in Hanks' solution, as a simulated body fluid, was evaluated and the surface microstructure changes after the modification were characterized by thin-film X-ray diffractometry (TF-XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hydrothermal modification in CaO solution enhanced the precipitation of apatite on the titanium surface. High pH, high pressure and high temperature of the CaO solution increased the thickness of the surface-modified layer and enhanced the synthesis of calcium titanate which possibly promoted the precipitation of apatite in Hanks' solution. Hydrothermal modification in CaCl2 solution, on the other hand, showed reverse effects. The modification of titanium in CaO solution with hydrothermal treatment is expected to result in excellent osteointegration and can be easily performed by using an autoclave, a clinical apparatus widely used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Engineering, School of Dentistry, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Japan. hamada@dent.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanawa
authors.forename: Ken'ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Youji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asaoka
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D014867:Water; D014025:Titanium; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium