title: Bone marrow examination at a paediatric hospital in Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the main indications for, and common conditions found in bone marrow examinations (BME) of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study from September 1, 1993 to September 3 1998. All bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy results were retrieved. The clinical data provided by clinicians were also noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 97 BME were recorded from patients aged two months to 13 years. The peak ages for BME were six to eight years (24% of patients). The more frequent indications for BME were unexplained anaemia found in 26% request forms, investigation for solid tumours (10%) and lymphoma (10%) and remission assessment after treatment for leukaemia (26%). The main findings were malignancy (27%) with leukaemia being commonest (ALL) 16% of patients and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (5%). Haematinic deficiency was seen in 12.7% of cases with iron deficiency being the commonest. There were some notable differences and similarities in the study as compared to a similar one performed at a local referral hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of BME as a crucial investigational tool in the management of patients is underscored. Interpretation is more meaningful when the haematologist has adequate clinical data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Githang'a
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dave
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000740:Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies