title: Effect of oral Kohki tea on bladder dysfunction induced by severe partial outlet obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracts of the leaves of Engelhardtia chrysolepis, a subtropical plant that grows wild in southern China, have been used medicinally in east Asia for hundreds of years. A standard extract named Kohki tea (Maruzen Pharmaceuticals, Onomichi City, Japan) is sold over the counter in Japan as a sweet tea shown to confer many beneficial effects on general health and well-being. The tea contains strong antioxidants, including several dihydroflavonol glycosides. The results of previous studies show that natural products with antioxidant activities provide protective effects on the bladder of rabbits with partial outlet obstruction. We determined in vivo and in vitro whether oral pretreatment of rabbits with Kohki tea protects the bladder from dysfunction induced by partial outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 New Zealand White rabbits were separated into 4 groups of 7 each. Rabbits in groups 1 and 2 were treated by gavage with 100 mg./kg. Kohki tea daily in distilled water, while those in groups 3 and 4 were given distilled water. After 4 weeks of daily oral administration each rabbit was sedated, the bladder was catheterized and cystometry was performed at a filling rate of 1 ml. per minute. At the completion of cystometry the rabbits were immediately anesthetized. Moderate outlet obstruction was created in groups 1 and 3, and sham surgery was performed in groups 2 and 4. Treatment was continued for an additional 4 weeks, when each rabbit was sedated and cystometry was repeated. After cystometry the bladder was exposed through a midline incision, excised, weighed and 4 strips of bladder body were cut for contractility studies. The balance of the bladder was separated between smooth muscle and mucosa by blunt dissection, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70C for biochemical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial outlet obstruction stimulated similar increases in the bladder weight of all obstructed rabbits. Partial outlet obstruction resulted in a significant decrease in bladder compliance in all obstructed animals. However, the bladder of obstructed rabbits given Kohki tea were significantly more compliant than those given water. Voiding pressures in the control group and the obstructed group given distilled water were approximately equal, while obstructed rabbits given Kohki tea showed significantly higher maximal voiding pressure. The contractile responses to all forms of stimulation were reduced by obstruction to a significantly greater degree in the rabbits not given tea than in those given tea. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase enzyme activity of the bladder was significantly reduced in obstructed rabbits given vehicle but activity was not reduced in obstructed rabbits given Kohki tea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kohki tea had a significant protective effect on bladder function, contractile responses and bladder biochemistry in rabbits with moderate to severe partial outlet obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany Medical College and Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York, and Maruzen Pharmaceuticals, Onomichi City, Japan.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizutani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts