title: Chromosomal changes in betel-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas and their relationship to clinical parameters.
abstract: To investigate the chromosomal imbalances that occur in oral carcinoma associated primarily with betel use and their clinical implications, we performed chromosomal analysis using comparative genomic hybridization on 47 patients with this disease. The most common gains of chromosome arms were 8q, 9q and 11q, and the most frequent losses were of chromosomal arms 3p and 4q. The clinical parameters significantly associated with the numbers of chromosomal imbalances per tumor were the age of the patients and nodal metastasis. The preliminary findings of a lower incidence of loss of 4q and gain of 8q in betel-associated tumors compared to non-betel-associated tumors might provide insight into the carcinogenic effect of betel. Deletion of 3p and the gain of 11q alterations were more prevalent in carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in node-negative tumors, indicating possible loci for metastasis suppressor or metastasis enhancing genes, respectively. Losses of 3p and 4q and gain of 9q were associated with poor outcome for the patients. These data demonstrated that the frequent aberrations in 4q and 9q sites can be used as novel prognostic predictors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Li-Nong St. Sec. 2, No. 155 Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yann Jang
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shou Yen
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Ming Ta
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chi Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shun Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tsung Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kuo Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers