title: Characterization of three fragments that constitute the monomers of the human lysyl hydroxylase isoenzymes 1-3. The 30-kDa N-terminal fragment is not required for lysyl hydroxylase activity.
abstract: Lysyl hydroxylase (LH) catalyzes the formation of hydroxylysine in collagens; three human isoenzymes have been cloned so far. We report here on the purification of all three recombinant isoenzymes to homogeneity from the medium of cultured insect cells, and we demonstrate that they are all homodimers. Limited proteolysis experiments identified two main protease-sensitive regions in the monomers of about 80-85 kDa, corresponding to three fragments A-C (from the N to C terminus), with molecular masses of about 30, 37, and 16 kDa, respectively. Fragment A was found to play no role in LH activity as a recombinant B-C polypeptide constituted a fully active hydroxylase with K(m) values for cosubstrates and the peptide substrate that were identical to those of the full-length enzyme. LH3, but not LH1 and LH2, has also been reported recently (Heikkinen, J., Risteli, M., Wang, C., Latvala, J., Rossi, M., Valtavaara, M., and Myllylä, R. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 36158-36163) to possess collagen glucosyltransferase activity. We confirm this highly surprising finding here and extend it by demonstrating that LH3 may also possess trace amounts of collagen galactosyltransferase activity. All the glucosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase activity of LH3 was found to reside in fragment A, which played no role in the hydroxylase activity of the polypeptide. This fragment is about 55% identical and 80% similar to the corresponding fragments of LH1 and LH2. However, the levels of the glycosyltransferase activities are so low that they may be of little biological significance. It is thus evident that human tissues must have additional glycosyltransferases that are responsible for most of the collagen glycosylation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rautavuoma
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaluoma
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Passoja
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pirskanen
authors.forename: Ari-Pekka
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kvist
authors.forename: Kari I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kivirikko
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myllyharju
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D008240:Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010455:Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D008240:Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; D010450:Endopeptidases