title: Calcium apatite crystals in synovial fluid rice bodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rice bodies can occur in the joints in many rheumatic conditions, but they are most common in rheumatoid arthritis. They are generally believed to occur rarely in patients with osteoarthritis, but one study reported rice bodies with apatite crystals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report on a series of joint fluids with rice bodies containing apatite clumps and examine their clinical pictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  All synovial fluid analysis reports for 10 years were reviewed for rice bodies and eight patients were reported on. A series of patients with a variety of diseases with synovial fluid rice bodies found to contain calcific material is described. All were examined by compensated polarised light and alizarin red stain, and four were examined by electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The eight patients all had alizarin red S chunks embedded throughout the rice body. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed the presence of a matrix of collagen, fibrin, and amorphous materials containing typical apatite crystals. Clinical diagnoses, radiographic findings, and leucocyte counts varied, but six of the eight patients had had previous repeated corticosteroid injections into the joints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aggregates of apatites may be more common than previously recognised in rice bodies as they are not routinely sought. Whether they are a result of joint damage or depot steroid injections and whether that might contribute to further joint injury now needs to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Santo Tomas University Hospital, España, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li-Yu
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Clayburne
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sieck
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Athreya
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DeHoratius
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001031:Apatites; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C010078:alizarin; D002118:Calcium