title: Imaging of the posterior pelvic floor.
abstract: Disorders of the posterior pelvic floor are relatively common. The role of imaging in this field is increasing, especially in constipation, prolapse and anal incontinence, and currently imaging is an integral part of the investigation of these pelvic floor disorders. Evacuation proctography provides both structural and functional information for rectal voiding and prolapse. Dynamic MRI may be a valuable alternative as the pelvic floor muscles are visualised, and it is currently under evaluation. Endoluminal imaging is important in the management of anal incontinence. Both endosonography and endoanal MRI can be used for detection of anal sphincter defects. Endoanal MRI has the advantage of simultaneously evaluating external sphincter atrophy, which is an important predictive factor for the outcome of sphincter repair. Many aspects of constipation and prolapse remain incompletely understood and treatment is partly empirical; however, imaging has a central role in management to place patients into treatment-defined groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.stoker@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoker
authors.forename: Clive I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Bartram
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halligan
mesh_terms: D003248:Constipation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019841:Defecography; D019160:Endosonography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis*