title: [Impairment of ventilatory parameters and exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension and chronic heart insufficiency].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic heart failure often coincides with secondary pulmonary hypertension. In this study the influence of pulmonary hypertension on exercise capacity and ventilatory parameters in patients with chronic heart failure was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 patients with chronic heart failure (six women, 15 men, mean age 55 +/- 10 years) and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 25 % +/- 5 % were studied by right heart catheterization, bodyplethysmography including carbonmonoxide diffusion testing and spiroergometry. Seven patients suffered from ischemic and 14 patients from dilative cardiomyopathy. Pulmonary hypertension (defined as pulmonary artery mean pressure > 25 mmHg) was found in ten patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with pulmonary hypertension showed a reduced vital capacity (75 % +/- 20 % of normal values vs. 93 % +/- 14 % of normal values, p < 0.001), a lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 68 % +/- 21 % of normal values vs. 91 % +/- 15 % of normal values, p < 0.001), and a reduced carbonmonoxide-diffusing capacity (58 % +/- 21 % vs. 77 % +/- 21 %, p < 0.001) compared to patients without pulmonary hypertension. Mean expiratory flow at 25 % and 75 % of the exspiration time was lower in patients with pulmonary hypertension (30 % +/- 13 % vs. 50 % +/- 29 % and 62 % +/- 25 % vs. 81 % +/- 20 %, each p < 0.05). In patients with pulmonary hypertension, the flow-volume diagram characteristically showed signs of "small airway disease". Spiroergometry revealed a significantly lower maximum oxygen-uptake (12.5 +/- 2.1 vs. 15.2 +/- 4.1 ml/min/kg, p < 0.05), oxygen-uptake at the anaerobic threshold (9.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 12.0 +/- 3.0 ml/min/kg, p < 0.05), carbon dioxide ventilatory efficiency (EqCO2 38 +/- 9 vs. 31 +/- 3, p < 0.05) and ventilatory reserve (39 % +/- 22 % vs 51 % +/- 21 %, p < 0.05) in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with chronic heart failure the presence of pulmonary hypertension leads to a reduction of exercise capacity and impaired ventilatory parameters. Lung functional testing reveals bronchial obstruction, "small airway disease" and a reduced ventilatory efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik I, des Universitätsklinikums der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Germany. skru@post.klinikum.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skobel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanrath
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016552:Ergometry / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics