title: Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in human prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator activator-receptors (PPAR)-gamma is expressed in some cancer cells such as breast, lung, and gastric cancer, and its ligand induces growth arrest of these cancer cells through apoptosis. However, the expression and localization of PPARs in prostate have not been examined. In this study, PPARs expression was investigated in human prostate cancer (PC), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and normal prostate (NP) tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor specimens were obtained from 156 patients with PC, 15 with PIN, 20 with BPH, and 12 patients with NP tissues. The expressions were investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactive PPAR-alpha and -beta were significantly apparent in PC tissues. Marked expressions of PPAR-alpha and -beta were also detected in PIN, BPH, and NP groups. However, very weak or no expression of immunoreactive PPAR-gamma was found in BPH and NP cases. In contrast, we found significant expression of immunoreactive PPAR-gamma in cancer cells in PC group and in PIN group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that PPAR-gamma is induced in PC, and suggest that PPAR-gamma ligands may mediate its own potent antiproliferative effect against PC cells through differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Rikio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahito
authors.forename: Taketoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002455:Cell Division; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000502:physiology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors