title: Immunomodulatory proanthocyanidins from Ecdysanthera utilis.
abstract: Two new A-type proanthocyanidins have been isolated from Ecdysanthera utilis and identified as epicatechin-(4beta-->8,2beta-->O-->7)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin (5) and epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8,2beta-->O-->7)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin (6), respectively. The structure-related components epicatechin (1), procyanidin B2 (2), proanthocyanidin A1 (3), proanthocyanidin A2 (4), and aesculitannin C (7) were also isolated. All of these compounds were identified and evaluated for immunopharmacological activity. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used as target cells, and cell proliferation was determined by (3)H-thymidine uptake. The results indicated that compound 3 suppressed PBMC proliferation activated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The inhibitory mechanisms may involve the blocking of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production, since compound 3 attenuated IL-2 and IFN-gamma production of PBMC in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, it is suggested that immunomodulatory agents are present in E. utilis.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Sec. 2, Li-Nung Street, Taipei (112), Taiwan, Republic of China. lclin@cma23.nricm.edu.tw
authors.forename: Lie-Chwen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuh-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Cheng-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D044946:Biflavonoids; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D037121:Plant Lectins; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000872:Anthocyanins; D044946:Biflavonoids; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D037121:Plant Lectins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C457102:aesculitannin C; C457101:epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin-(4beta-8,2beta-O-7)-epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin; C457100:epicatechin-(4beta-8,2beta-O-7)-epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin; C013221:proanthocyanidin; C479580:procyanidin B2; C017674:procyanidin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002392:Catechin