title: Management of croup.
abstract: Croup, or laryngotracheobronchitis, is a common childhood illness most often caused by viral infections. It is usually a benign, self-limiting disease, but can result in life-threatening upper airway obstruction. Until recently, it was not uncommon for children with severe croup to be admitted to intensive care for intubation. Management used to be limited to supportive measures, including mist therapy. The use of corticosteroids in patients with croup was controversial for many years but has, in the last decade, transformed the management of this disorder. Although corticosteroids do not alter the history of the viral infection, an adequate dose of oral or parenteral dexamethasone or nebulized budesonide has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the symptoms of croup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Institute of Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stannard
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003440:Croup / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D019819:Budesonide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004837:Epinephrine