title: Chemical alternatives to methyl bromide for the control of root-knot nematodes in greenhouses.
abstract: The complete phase-out of methyl bromide from use in developed countries by 1 January 2005 will cause many problems in agricultural industries that are now heavily reliant on its use. Three field experiments were established to compare management tactics on tomato and cucumber in commercial greenhouses naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). Reduction of nematode juveniles in soil and roots to nil detection levels was observed in all plots following soil fumigation with methyl bromide. A significant reduction of nematode juveniles and root-galling index was observed in plots treated with metham-sodium, dazomet and 1,3-dichloropropene compared with the control and plots treated with non-fumigant nematicides. Reduction of the nematode population led to an increase in fruit yield. However, data collected from the second cultivation season indicated that single control methods such as fumigant or contact nematicides alone cannot drastically decrease initial nematode population and those nematodes which escape control lead to population increase by the end of the cropping season.
authors.affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Thessaloniki, 54006, Greece. yannakos@agro.auth.gr
authors.forename: Ioannis O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Giannakou
authors.forename: Artemios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sidiropoulos
authors.forename: Demetra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prophetou-Athanasiadou
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005260:Female; D005651:Fumigation / Q000379:methods; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012987:Soil; D013829:Thiadiazines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C008435:methyldithiocarbamate; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; C005218:methyl bromide; C012864:dazomet