title: Enhanced recognition of disgust in bipolar illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder is associated with functional and structural abnormalities in the brain circuits involved in processing emotional stimuli. Although impairments of cognitive function have been found to persist in bipolar patients during periods of euthymic mood, it is not known whether abnormalities in emotional processing also occur during these periods of recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present investigation assessed the ability of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder to recognize different facial expressions of emotion, compared with matched controls. A nonemotional facial categorization task was used to control for possible nonspecific differences in perception or attention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to the small impairments seen in the nonemotional categorization task, patients with bipolar disorder showed a robust facilitation in the discrimination of disgusted facial expressions. The recognition of other basic negative and positive emotions was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest a selective facilitation of the processes involved in recognizing facial expressions of disgust in patients with bipolar disorder. This difference in perception may be relevant to the decreased self-esteem and social functioning that have been associated with the euthymic phase of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Harmer
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grayson
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*