title: Does pneumatic dilatation affect the outcome of laparoscopic cardiomyotomy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy surrounds the choice of laparoscopic cardiomyotomy as the primary treatment for achalasia or a second-line treatment following the failure of nonsurgical treatment. Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy can be more difficult technically following pneumatic dilatations. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome obtained with primary laparoscopic cardiomyotomy to that achieved when the procedure is performed following failed pneumatic dilatation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy was performed in seven patients following a median of four pneumatic dilatations (group A) and in five patients as their primary treatment (group B). Outcome was measured using manometry, a modified DeMeester symptom scoring system, and a quality-of-life questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between groups A and B in sex, age, preoperative modified DeMeester score, or mean barrier pressure. Six of seven group A patients had evidence of periesophageal and submucosal fibrosis at surgery, but this condition was not seen in group B patients. The operative time was slightly longer in group A patients. There was no difference in complication rates (one primary hemorrhage in group A and one esophageal perforation in group B), and both groups had a significantly improved modified DeMeester score at 6 weeks and at long-term follow-up (median, 26 months). Eleven of 12 patients said that they would choose laparoscopic cardiomyotomy as their primary treatment if newly diagnosed with achalasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy is safe and effective as a primary or second-line treatment following pneumatic dilatations in patients with achalasia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Leeds Institute for Minimally Invasive Therapy, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, England. medkd@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zafirellis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fountoulakis
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S P L
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larvin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002299:Cardia / Q000601:surgery*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome