title: Different RPGR exon ORF15 mutations in Canids provide insights into photoreceptor cell degeneration.
abstract: The canine disease, X-linked progressive retinal atrophy (XLPRA), is similar to human RP3, an X-linked form of retinitis pigmentosa, and maps to the same region in the X chromosome. Analysis of the physical map of the XLPRA and RP3 intervals shows a high degree of conservation in terms of genes and their order. We have found different mutations in exon ORF15 of the RPGR gene in two distinct mutant dog strains (XLPRA1, XLPRA2). Microdeletions resulting in a premature stop or a frameshift mutation result in very different retinal phenotypes, which are allele-specific and consistent for each mutation. The phenotype associated with the frameshift mutation in XLPRA2 is very severe and manifests during retinal development; the phenotype resulting from the XLPRA1 nonsense mutation is expressed only after normal photoreceptor morphogenesis. Splicing of RPGR mRNA transcripts in retina is complex, and either exon ORF15 or exon 19 can be a terminal exon. The retina-predominant transcript contains ORF15 as a terminal exon, and is expressed in normal and mutant retinas. The frameshift mutation dramatically alters the deduced amino acid sequence, and the protein aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum of transfected cells. The cellular and molecular results in the two canine RPGR exon ORF15 mutations have implications for understanding the phenotypic variability found in human RP3 families that carry similar mutations.
authors.affiliation: A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Acland
authors.forename: Wen X
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pearce-Kelling
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tulloch
authors.forename: Raf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vervoort
authors.forename: Alan F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Gustavo D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Aguirre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004596:Electroretinography; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005136:Eye Proteins; D016368:Frameshift Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D021101:Radiation Hybrid Mapping; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014162:Transfection; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D005136:Eye Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C099929:RPGR protein, human