title: Amplification pattern of 12q13-q15 genes (MDM2, CDK4, GLI) in urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: The chromosomal region 12q13-q15 is recurrently amplified in bladder cancer. Putative target genes located in this region include MDM2, CDK4, and GLI. To evaluate the involvement of these genes in bladder cancer, we screened a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 2317 samples by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Amplification was found for MDM2 in 5.1%, for CDK4 in 1.1%, and for GLI in 0.4% of interpretable tumors. Among tumors having amplification of at least one of these 12q13-q15 genes, 76.6% had amplification of MDM2 alone and 6.4% had amplification of CDK4 alone. Coamplifications were seen of MDM2 and CDK4 in 10.6%, and of CDK4 and GLI in 6.4%. Neither coamplifications of all three genes nor isolated GLI amplifications were found. These data suggest a prominent role of MDM2 as a 12q13-q15 amplification target in bladder cancer. However, independent CDK4 amplifications do also occur suggesting either two non-overlapping amplification sites or else a minimal overlapping region between MDM2 and CDK4 perhaps containing another yet unknown oncogene. The frequency of amplification increased significantly from stage pTa to pT1-4 (P<0.04) and from low to high grade (P<0.005). These data are consistent with a high level of genetic instability in invasively growing and high-grade bladder tumors.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pathology and Urologic Clinics, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Struckmann
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schraml
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moch
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fijan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruderer
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilber
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mihatsch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauter
mesh_terms: D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases