title: Metastatic melanoma to the brain: prognostic factors after gamma knife radiosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify important prognostic factors predictive of survival and tumor control in patients with metastatic melanoma to the brain who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 122 consecutive patients with 332 intracranial melanoma metastases underwent gamma knife radiosurgery over a 5-year period. Of these, 39 (32%) also received whole-brain irradiation (WBI). The median tumor volume was 0.8 cm(3) (range: 0.02-30.20 cm(3)), and the median prescribed dose was 20 Gy (range: 14-24 Gy). Median follow-up was 6.8 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival and freedom from progression were performed using the following parameters: status of systemic disease, intracranial tumor volume, number of lesions, tumor location, Karnofsky performance status, gender, age, and WBI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall median survival was 7.0 months from time of radiosurgery and 9.1 months from the onset of brain metastasis. In multivariate analysis, improved survival was noted in patients with total intracranial tumor volume <3 cm(3) (p = 0.003) and inactive systemic disease (p = 0.0065), whereas other parameters studied were of lesser importance (tumor location, p = 0.056, and Karnofsky performance status, p = 0.086), or of no significance (number of lesions, WBI, age, and gender). Freedom from subsequent brain metastasis depended on intracranial tumor volume (p = 0.0018) and status of systemic disease (p = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective treatment modality for patients with intracranial metastatic melanoma. Tumor volume and status of systemic disease are good independent predictors of survival and freedom from tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. chengyu@hsc.usc.edu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Joseph C T
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael L J
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Apuzzo
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Day
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Giannotta
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Petrovich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016634:Radiosurgery; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage