title: Transcriptional induction of CYP1A1 by oltipraz in human Caco-2 cells is aryl hydrocarbon receptor- and calcium-dependent.
abstract: Oltipraz, a synthetic derivative of the cruciferous vegetable product 1,2-dithiole-3-thione, is considered as one of the most potent chemoprotectants. It modulates both cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase expression and activities in rat tissues. Its effects, however, are variable according to the enzyme, tissue, and species. We show here that, as previously found in rat lung and kidney, CYP1A1 is inducible by oltipraz in both rat intestine and Caco-2 cells, a cell line originated from a human colon adenocarcinoma. In these cells, a 50 microm oltipraz treatment increased CYP1A1 mRNA ( approximately 30-fold), protein and activity. mRNA level was augmented as early as 2 h after the beginning of treatment, suggesting a transcriptional activation, and was maximal between 8 and 12 h. Transient transfection of Caco-2 cells with constructs containing different sizes of the 5'-flanking region of the CYP1A1 gene upstream of the luciferase reporter gene showed an increase in luciferase activity in oltipraz-treated cells, which correlates with the presence of the xenobiotic responsive element (XRE). Furthermore we demonstrated that resveratrol, an antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor, inhibited the induction of both CYP1A1 promoter activity and mRNA by oltipraz, supporting the involvement of the Ah receptor in this induction. In an attempt to further characterize the mechanism of CYP1A1 induction, we showed a rapid increase in intracellular calcium concentration upon treatment of Caco-2 cells with oltipraz. Moreover, the effect of this compound on CYP1A1 was strongly abolished in the presence of BAPTA-AM, a well known chelator of intracellular calcium, and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate, an inhibitor of store-operated calcium channels. These results bring the first demonstration that oltipraz activates transcription of the CYP1A1 gene through the Ah receptor-XRE pathway in Caco-2 cells and that CYP1A1 induction relies upon an increase of intracellular calcium concentration.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U456, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Ferrec
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lagadic-Gossmann
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bardiau
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maheo
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massiere
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Vee
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guillouzo
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000502:physiology*; D013871:Thiones; D013876:Thiophenes; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D011719:Pyrazines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D013871:Thiones; D013876:Thiophenes; C026209:oltipraz; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1