title: Treatment of urethral defects: skin, buccal or bladder mucosa, tube or patch? An experimental study in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied 3 graft materials and 2 urethroplasty techniques in 24 adult male mongrel dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into 2 equal groups. In group 1 a 4 cm. segment of perineal urethra was excised and tubed urethroplasty was performed using free full-thickness skin, buccal and bladder mucosa grafts in 4 dogs each. In group 2 a 4 cm. urethral strip was excised and onlay urethroplasty was performed using the same graft materials in 4 dogs each. Retrograde urethrography was done and the animals were sacrificed at week 12. Autopsy specimens were calibrated with a 10Fr catheter. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined. Masson's trichrome stain was used to determine the extent of fibrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urethral stricture was diagnosed by radiology and confirmed by calibration in 8 of the 12 dogs (66%) in group 1 but in only 1 of the 12 (8%) in group 2 (p <0.004). Buccal mucosa grafts were associated with the lowest stricture rate of 12%, followed by 37% for bladder mucosa and 62% for skin (p <0.2). There was no difference in neovascularization among the 3 grafts. Graft shrinkage was less than 10% for buccal mucosa compared with 20% to 40% for skin and bladder mucosa. The shrinkage rate was similar for the onlay and tube techniques. The intensity of chronic inflammation and fibrosis was highest in the skin grafts. Circumferential fibrosis was noted in association with tubed urethroplasty but not with the onlay technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The theoretical advantages of buccal mucosal grafts were pathologically demonstrated. When possible, grafts should be used as an onlay rather than as a complete tube.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: El-Sherbiny
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abol-Enein
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dawaba
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghoneim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000637:transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014567:Urography; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology