title: Antenatal prediction of intraventricular hemorrhage in fetal growth restriction: what is the role of Doppler?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate relationships between neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and altered brain blood flow in preterm growth-restricted fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirteen growth-restricted fetuses (birth weight < 10th centile and umbilical artery pulsatility index > two standard deviations above gestational age mean) which delivered prematurely (< 34.0 weeks) were studied. Three expressions of altered brain blood flow were defined: 'brain sparing'= middle cerebral artery pulsatility index > two standard deviations below the gestational age mean, 'centralization' = ratio of middle cerebral artery/umbilical artery pulsatility indices (cerebroplacental ratio) > two standard deviations below the gestational age mean, and 'redistribution' = absent or reversed umbilical artery end-diastolic velocity. Intraventricular hemorrhage was graded after Papile (I-IV) by cranial ultrasound performed within 7 days of delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven (59.3%) fetuses had brain sparing, 84 (74.3%) had centralization and 51 (45.1%) had redistribution. Fifteen (13.3%) neonates had intraventricular hemorrhage and were more likely to have a biophysical profile < 6, earlier delivery for fetal indications, lower cord artery pH, HCO3, hemoglobin, and platelets, a 10-min Apgar score < 7 and high perinatal mortality (5/15; 33.3%). No associations between intraventricular hemorrhage and brain sparing or centralization were identified. However, neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage had significantly higher umbilical artery pulsatility index deviations from the gestational age mean and a relative risk of 4.9-fold for intraventricular hemorrhage with redistribution (95% confidence interval, 1.5-16.3; P < 0.005). Multiple logistic regression revealed significant associations between intraventricular hemorrhage and a low 10-min Apgar score (r = 0.30, P < 0.005) and low hemoglobin (r = 0.28), gestational age at delivery (r = 0.25) and birth-weight centiles (r = 0.23) (P < 0.05). No Doppler parameter was identified as an independent contributor to intraventricular hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While loss of umbilical artery end-diastolic velocity early in gestation significantly increases the risk for neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, prematurity and difficult transition to extrauterine life remain the most important determinants of intraventricular hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201-1703, USA. aabaschat@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baschat
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Viscardi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gortner
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Harman
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D016015:Logistic Models; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology