Five-week, low-glycemic index diet decreases total fat mass and improves plasma lipid profile in moderately overweight nondiabetic men.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether a 5-week low-glycemic index (LGI) diet versus a high-glycemic index (HGI) diet can modify glucose and lipid metabolism as well as total fat mass in nondiabetic men.


METHODS
In this study, 11 healthy men were randomly allocated to 5 weeks of an LGI or HGI diet separated by a 5-week washout interval in a crossover design.


RESULTS
The LGI diet resulted in lower postprandial plasma glucose and insulin profiles and areas under the curve (AUCs) than the HGI diet. A 5-week period of the LGI diet lowered plasma triacylglycerol excursion after lunch (AUC, P < 0.05 LGI vs. HGI). These modifications were associated with a decrease in the total fat mass by approximately 700 g (P < 0.05) and a tendency to increase lean body mass (P < 0.07) without any change in body weight. This decrease in fat mass was accompanied by a decrease in leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase RNAm quantities in the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that 5 weeks of an LGI diet ameliorates some plasma lipid parameters, decreases total fat mass, and tends to increase lean body mass without changing body weight. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the expression of some genes implicated in lipid metabolism. Such a diet could be of benefit to healthy, slightly overweight subjects and might play a role in the prevention of metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications.
Bouché
Clara
C
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 341, Department of Diabetes, AP Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France.
Rizkalla
Salwa W
SW
Luo
Jing
J
Vidal
Hubert
H
Veronese
Annie
A
Pacher
Nathalie
N
Fouquet
Caroline
C
Lang
Vincent
V
Slama
Gérard
G
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D058867:Lipoprotein Lipase Activators; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D058867:Lipoprotein Lipase Activators; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors