title: Invasive aspergillosis treated with adjunctive hyperbaric oxygenation: a retrospective clinical series at a single institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive aspergillosis is the leading cause of early death in many transplant centers and has a major impact on the management of hematologic malignancies. The mortality rate with current therapy (amphotericin B and surgery) has remained unacceptably high. In vitro data along with a few case reports have suggested a potential benefit of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied all patients referred to our service when histologic specimens suggested invasive aspergillosis. Our main assessment of outcome was survival 3 months after initiation of HBO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients were included. All received adjunctive HBO along with the standard of care. Rhinosinusinal infection was the primary presentation. The most common underlying conditions were hematologic malignancies. Six patients were free of signs of infection 3 months after the first HBO treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive HBO appears to be a valuable tool in this devastating condition. Further studies are warranted to clarify its role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Palmetto Richland Memorial Hospital, Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Lisardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Covarrubias
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barratt
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metzinger
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Meter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B