title: [Use of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) at rave parties and in date rape in France: myth of reality?].
abstract: Since many years gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is presented as very popular in rave-parties and for bodybuilders. It seems to be a controversy between media coverage and the results of toxicological analysis done in high-level laboratories. In order to clarify this problem, we compiled the data of 6 laboratories. They used the same analytical method by GC/MS. Depending the laboratory, the limit of detection was 1-2 micrograms/mL and the limit of quantification was 2.5-5 micrograms/mL. Two labs where looking for GHB in each forensic case (100 and 150 cases a year). Others labs performed GHB analysis only on specific request (each 10 cases a year). Mean time between ingestion of GHB and blood/urine sampling was 12-48 h. Mean time between sampling and analysis was much higher (a few hours to a few month. All samples were stored at +4 degrees C. Only 3 cases were considered as positive (blood GHB: 165, 132 and 114 micrograms/mL, urine GHB: 7450 and 436 micrograms/mL) They were admitted in an hospital EU. Interpreting results remains very difficult because GHB is endogenous, present in blood and urine, and its half-life is very short. One has to report only "positive" GHB results when amounts are higher than 5 micrograms/mL in blood and 10 micrograms/mL in urine. Obviously, forensic toxicologists have to play a very important part in diagnosis of GHB intoxications and estimating its frequency. Actually, because the lack of data in France, it is not possible to answer the question asked in the title of this paper.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Lille II, place Théo Varlet, F-59000 Lille, France.melmdeveaux@easynet.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deveaux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Renet
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaulier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kintz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verstraete
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gosset
mesh_terms: D005554:Forensic Medicine; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011902:Rape; D011998:Recreation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; C111420:4-hydroxybutyric acid