title: Matrilin-3 in human articular cartilage: increased expression in osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrilin-3 is a member of the recently described matrilin family of extracellular matrix proteins containing von Willebrand factor A-like domains. The matrilin-3 subunit can form homo-tetramers as well as hetero-oligomers together with subunits of matrilin-1 (cartilage matrix protein). It has a restricted tissue distribution and is strongly expressed in growing skeletal tissues. Detailed information on expression and distribution of extracellular matrix proteins is important to understand cartilage function in health and in disease like osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal and osteoarthritic cartilage were systematically analysed for matrilin-3 expression, using immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that matrilin-3 is a mandatory component of mature articular cartilage with its expression being restricted to chondrocytes from the tangential zone and the upper middle cartilage zone. Osteoarthritic cartilage samples with only moderate morphological osteoarthritic degenerations have elevated levels of matrilin-3 mRNA. In parallel, we found an increased deposition of matrilin-3 protein in the cartilage matrix. Matrilin-3 staining was diffusely distributed in the cartilage matrix, with no cellular staining being detectable. In cartilage samples with minor osteoarthritic lesions, matrilin-3 deposition was restricted to the middle zone and to the upper deep zone. A strong correlation was found between enhanced matrilin-3 gene and protein expression and the extent of tissue damage. Sections with severe osteoarthritic degeneration showed the highest amount of matrilin-3 mRNA, strong signals in in situ hybridization, and prominent protein deposition in the middle and deep cartilage zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that matrilin-3 is an integral component of human articular cartilage matrix and that the enhanced expression of matrilin-3 in OA may be a cellular response to the modified microenvironment in the disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Rathsberger Str. 57, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. oliver.pullig@med.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pullig
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weseloh
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Klatt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagener
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swoboda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000737:chemistry*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger