title: Genetic effects of space hadrons on bacteriophage under Alpine conditions.
abstract: A dried film culture of bacteriophage T4Br + was kept in a lead bioblock for 366 days under Alpine conditions at an altitude of 6100 m above sea level to study the genetic effect of space hadrons. In the gelatin-like film under study we discovered some film plots with markedly reduced bacteriophage survival. In such plots, the mutation frequency exceeded the spontaneous background mutation rate 60-100 times. The spectrum of r mutations as classified into standard groups rI, rII and rIII differed from that found for other model radiation systems such as gamma-ray radiation in buffer or nutrient broth, and hadron and HZE particle radiation under space flight conditions. Reversion analysis of 159 rII mutants showed that 54.4% had small and elongated deletions, 23.16% had point mutations, and 22.5% of all the mutants had both small deletion and point mutations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Physics of the Ac. Sci. USSR, Pushchino, USSR.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yurov
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Belkin
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Leont'eva
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Knjaseva
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Mozgovoy
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kuzin
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Akoev
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D017122:Bacteriophage T4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004249:DNA Damage; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D009154:Mutation; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral