title: New and evolving treatment methods for pulmonary metastases.
abstract: Treatment strategies other than surgery for pulmonary metastases are needed to improve disease-free and overall survival. Surgical attempts to solve a biologic problem by mechanical means. Alternative treatment may include induction or adjuvant chemotherapy, lung perfusion or regional drug delivery, biologic therapies (inhaled IL-2, biologic modifiers), and potentially, molecular or genetic therapy. Experimental radiofrequency ablation techniques are rarely applicable. Combinations of resection of macrometastases with treatment of occult micrometastases may be best in improving disease-free and overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Institute, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard-Box 445, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA.
authors.forename: Joe B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Putnam
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000639:trends; D005544:Forecasting; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001685:Biological Factors; D007155:Immunologic Factors