title: Purified protein derivative of tuberculin upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in T lymphocytes in vitro.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular source and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which, as reported previously, is elevated in the sera of pulmonary tuberculous patients. We obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 28 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, from 11 healthy controls who were positive for purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), and from eight healthy individuals who were negative for PPD. We incubated the PBMCs with PPD in the presence or absence of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I or class II antibody in vitro, and measured the VEGF levels of culture supernatants. We also analysed the source of cells that secrete VEGF by using flow cytometry with intracellular staining. The T lymphocytes of active tuberculous patients secreted a higher level of VEGF than those of healthy controls. This production of VEGF was inhibited by adding MHC class II antibody. The addition of MHC class I antibody, however, did not inhibit. We propose that CD4+ T lymphocytes are almost certainly the cells that produce VEGF in response to PPD. VEGF production might be associated with an antigen-specific immune reaction via CD4+ T lymphocytes in tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan. vega@xa2.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Teruto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Momi
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Kimiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osame
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000276:immunology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D008222:Lymphokines; D014373:Tuberculin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors