title: Physician, practice, and patient characteristics related to primary care physician physical and mental health: results from the Physician Worklife Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the impact that physician, practice, and patient characteristics have on physician stress, satisfaction, mental, and physical health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on a survey of over 5,000 physicians nationwide. Four waves of surveys resulted in 2,325 complete responses. Elimination of ineligibles yielded a 52 percent response rate; 1,411 responses from primary care physicians were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A conceptual model was tested by structural equation modeling. Physician job satisfaction and stress mediated the relationship between physician, practice, and patient characteristics as independent variables and physician physical and mental health as dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conceptual model was generally supported. Practice and, to a lesser extent, physician characteristics influenced job satisfaction, whereas only practice characteristics influenced job stress. Patient characteristics exerted little influence. Job stress powerfully influenced job satisfaction and physical and mental health among physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the notion that workplace conditions are a major determinant of physician well-being. Poor practice conditions can result in poor outcomes, which can erode quality of care and prove costly to the physician and health care organization. Fortunately, these conditions are manageable. Organizational settings that are both "physician friendly" and "family friendly" seem to result in greater well-being. These findings are particularly important as physicians are more tightly integrated into the health care system that may be less clearly under their exclusive control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Marketing, Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0225, USA.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linzer
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Pathman
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerrity
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Scheckler
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005194:Family Practice / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006302:Health Services Research; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D016272:Occupational Health; D010809:Physical Fitness; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology