title: Retroperitoneal subpancreatic ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization in a patient with previous bilateral salpingectomy: how did it get there?
abstract: An unusual case of retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy is reported. The patient, a 34 year old nulligravida, underwent IVF/ET following bilateral salpingectomy. A small, degenerating, intrauterine gestational sac suggested failing intrauterine pregnancy. There was no intraperitoneal free fluid. On Day 41 after ET, the patient was hospitalized because of acute epigastric pains. A pseudocyst of the head of pancreas was demonstrated by CT scan. A day later, exploratory laparotomy, because of a precipitous drop in the hemoglobin, revealed a massive retroperitoneal hematoma and an embryo in the gestational sac attached to the head of pancreas and major blood vessels. The patient did well following surgery. The mechanisms of retroperitoneal embryo migration are discussed and literature is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Study and Treatment of Endometriosis, Oak Brook, Illinois 60523, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Dmowski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D010179:Pancreas; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography