title: Technical modifications and strategies for stenting gastric outlet strictures using esophageal endoprostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The outcome of stenting gastric outlet stricture is favorable compared with a bypass operation which has significant morbidity and mortality. In Japan, this procedure is particularly complicated by a lack of enteral stents. We report some technical stratagems for stent placement for gastric outlet strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1993 and July 2001, 23 patients with gastric outlet strictures (14 men, nine women; mean age 72 years) underwent stent placement using an esophageal stent system. The Ultraflex or Z-stents were used in 18 or five patients, respectively. With the Ultraflex, we increased the length of the delivery system. Some patients underwent stent placement with the help of endoscopic assistance with a grasping forceps or a home-made sheath.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metal stent was successfully inserted in all patients. There were no complications during the procedure. Migration occurred in two out of five patients treated with the Z-stent, whereas there was no migration in patients treated with the Ultraflex stent. In two patients, curable pancreatitis was caused by pressure on the duodenal papilla. One of these patients also experienced bile stasis which required biliary decompression. There were three cases of obstruction, caused by tumor ingrowth (1), hyperplasia (1) and stent fracture (1); recanalization by an additional stent placement and/or cutting stent filaments was successful. All the patients died, with a median survival period of 52 days. There was no procedure-related mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With some technical modification, stent placement for gastric outlet stricture, even using an esophageal stent, is feasible. This procedure offers good palliation with no major complications.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Obashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. maet@oha.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maetani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ukita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate