title: The High Mobility Group A2 gene is amplified and overexpressed in human prolactinomas.
abstract: Trisomy of chromosome 12 is a nonrandom chromosomal change in pituitary adenomas, particularly prolactinomas. This and the finding that prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas develop in transgenic mice overexpressing the wild-type HMGA2 gene (which maps to 12q14-15) prompted us to investigate HMGA2 rearrangements and expression in human prolactinomas. By dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using HMGA2-specific PACs and BACs, we found that the HMGA2 locus was amplified in seven of the eight prolactinoma samples examined. The cytogenetic manifestations of elevated HMGA2 concentrations ranged from simple trisomy to tetrasomy 12 and der(12) chromosomes to marker chromosomes bearing 12q14-15-derived regions. Reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed HMGA2 overexpression in a number of prolactinomas bearing rearrangement of regions 12q14-15. These data suggest a critical role of the HMGA2 overexpression in the generation of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in humans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Viotti 3/4, 20123 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Palma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finelli
authors.forename: Giovanna Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pierantoni
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giardino
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losa
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rodeschini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valtorta
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mortini
authors.forename: Carlo M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larizza
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fusco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015870:Gene Expression; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D025743:HMGA2 Protein