title: Tissue-level regulation of Th1 and Th2 primary and memory CD4 T cells in response to Listeria infection.
abstract: Ag-specific Th1 and Th2 cytokine-producing CD4 T cells were quantitated in secondary lymphoid and tertiary tissues following oral Listeria monocytogenes infection. Although the response to Listeria was previously believed to be predominantly Th1 like, CD4 T cells producing IL-4 or IL-5 comprised a substantial proportion of the overall primary and memory response. The frequency of IFN-gamma-, IL-4-, or IL-5-producing primary effector or memory CD4 T cells was significantly higher in lung, liver, and intestinal lamina propria (LP) as compared with spleen and lymph node. However, maximum numbers of IL-4- and IL-5-producing cells were detected in the LP several days after the peak of the Th1 response, and IL-5 production was skewed toward the mucosal tissues. Remarkably, the recall response resulted in sustained Th1 and Th2 responses in tertiary, but not lymphoid tissues and long-term retention of Th1 and Th2 memory cells in equal proportions in the LP. Finally, CD40 ligand was essential for induction of IFN-gamma in the spleen and LP, but not in the liver and lung, while the IL-4 response required CD40 ligand only in the spleen. Therefore, the rules governing the effector phenotype, and the overall magnitude of the CD4 response, are regulated at the level of individual tissues.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Marzo
authors.forename: Vaiva
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vezys
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Tough
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lefrançois
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000276:immunology*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009055:Mouth; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D023201:CD40 Ligand