title: Rigid fixation of facial fractures in children.
abstract: This article presents a retrospective analysis of a selective use of rigid fixation among 62 children with facial fractures, treated at a Level I trauma center over a 5-year period (1986-1991). There were 21 mandible fractures, 11 orbital fractures, 11 zygomaticomalar complex fractures, 7 nasal fractures, 5 maxillary fractures, 3 pan-facial fractures, 2 nasal-orbital-ethmoidal complex fractures, and 2 frontal sinus fractures. Only 18 children had rigid fixation of their injuries. Complications of Le Fort upper facial fractures repaired with rigid fixation involved perioperative sinusitis; one case required oral antibiotics, the other ethmoidectomy and maxillary antrostomy. One child with a Le Fort fracture had delayed exposure of a zygomaticomalar buttress plate, which required surgical removal. Permanent enophthalmos occurred in two children with Le Fort fractures. The authors conclude that traditional conservative management is appropriate in most cases. However, in children aged 13 and older with mandible fractures and children with complex mid- and upper facial fractures, a judicious use of rigid fixation has advantages over the traditional techniques.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koltai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoehn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000293:injuries; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents