title: Hematogenous brain metastasis in children.
abstract: Hematogenous brain metastases are uncommon in childhood. Three patients and a literature review that includes centers reporting up to 36 years of experience are presented in this study. The total of 2,040 patients includes our three examples of one neuroblastoma, one hepatoblastoma, and one adrenal carcinoma. Cerebral hematogenous metastases were reported in 4.4% of 429 patients with neuroblastoma, 1.9% of 574 rhabdomyosarcoma patients, 6.5% of 386 patients with osteosarcoma, 3.3% of 487 Ewing sarcoma patients, 3.6% of 44 melanoma patients, 13.5% of 37 patients with germ cell tumors, and 1.3% of the 78 patients with Wilms tumor. Five miscellaneous patients included three with a hepatoblastoma and one each with adrenal carcinoma and nephroma. All of the large series reports have been published in oncology journals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Curless
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ragheb
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falcone
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000556:secondary; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000556:secondary