title: Charcoal affects early development and hormonal concentrations of somatic embryos of hybrid larch.
abstract: Embryogenic tissue of hybrid larch (Larix x marschlinsii Coaz) was multiplied on Medium M (modified MSG medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators (PGRs) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 9 microM) and N-6-benzyladenine (2.25 microM)). After 1 week, cultures were transferred to either MSG lacking PGRs (Medium C-) or MSG lacking PGRs but supplemented with 1% activated charcoal (Medium C+). Embryos were sampled after 1 week on Medium M, C- or C+. Embryos were analyzed by ELISA for abscisic acid (ABA), abscisic acid-glucose ester, 2,4-D, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-aspartate (IAAsp), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA). Transfer of embryos to Medium C+ reduced the embryo concentrations of 2,4-D and iPA, but resulted in elevated concentrations of IAA, IAAsp, ABA, Z, ZR and iP. Charcoal reduced 2,4-D concentrations of embryos by an order of magnitude greater than PGR-free medium alone. Charcoal affected embryo concentrations of five of the eight PGRs quantified. Use of either C+ or C- medium as part of the maturation protocols also affected germination and plantlet establishment of the embryos. A 1-week treatment on Medium C+ positively influenced plantlet establishment and generally reduced variability during both germination and plantlet establishment.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Centre for Forest Biology, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN SCS, BC V8N 3N5, Canada. pvonader@uvvm.uvic.ca
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Aderkas
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Label
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lelu
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D007541:Isopentenyladenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D028221:Larix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014197:Trees / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D015026:Zeatin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D002606:Charcoal; C001478:N(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D007541:Isopentenyladenosine; D015026:Zeatin; C009699:zeatin riboside; D000225:Adenine; D000241:Adenosine