title: Chances and shortcomins of adenovirus-mediated ATP7B gene transfer in Wilson disease: proof of principle demonstrated in a pilot study with LEC rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessively inherited copper storage disease due to mutations in the ATP7B gene. It results in impaired biliary copper excretion followed by liver injury leading to cirrhosis. In parallel, copper accumulates in other tissues e. g. basal ganglia of the brain inducing motoric disorders. Phenotypical cure of Wilson disease by liver transplantation raised the question whether gene therapy may represent a successful alternative treatment procedure. To examine the principle feasibility of this approach we investigated the effects of gene transfer using an adenoviral vector construct expressing the human ATP7B cDNA in an established rodent model for WD, the Long-Evans Cinnemon rat (LEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transduction efficiency was assessed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The therapeutic effect was estimated by analyzing holoceruloplasmin and its ferroxidase activity in serum, and the copper content of excrements. Changes in copper homeostasis were determined by positron emission tomography (PET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful, but temporary gene transfer was clearly detectable on RNA and protein levels. In parallel the temporary therapeutic effect was documented by restoration of serum holoceruloplasmin and of its ferroxidase activity. Additionally the Ad-ATP7B treated LEC rat revealed a higher (64)Cu content in stool. PET was able to visualize differences in (64)Cu distribution between wild type and LEC rats, indicating its principle usefulness as analytical tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrate proof of principle of successful gene therapy in an experimental model of WD. As a consequence of successful but only transient therapeutic effect of adenoviral gene transfer we can now focus more efficient and permanent gene transfer strategies.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ha-Hao
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wesch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auburger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stremmel
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats; D020332:Rats, Inbred LEC; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D003300:Copper; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C000612464:ATP7B protein, human; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases