Ginkgo biloba extracts EGb 761 and bilobalide increase NADH dehydrogenase mRNA level and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio in PC12 cells.
In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, and one of its components, bilobalide, on gene expression of subunit 1 of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (ND1) in PC12 cells. By Northern blot analysis we found a approximately 2-fold significant increase in NDI mRNA level, after 48 and 72 h exposure to 100 microg/ml EGb 761 and to 10 microg/ml bilobalide. We also evaluated, by oxygraphy measurements, mitochondrial respiration during state 3 and state 4. In cells treated with EGb 761 and bilobalide for 48 and 72 h, state 4 respiration was significantly decreased, and the respiratory control ratio was increased. These results provide evidence that EGb 761 and bilobalide exert their protective effects by up-regulating mitochondrial ND1 gene expression and by decreasing state 4 respiration, whose increase is thought to be responsible for oxidative damage.
Tendi
Elisabetta A
EA
Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging. National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tendie@mail.nih.gov
Bosetti
Francesca
F
Dasgupta
S Fenella
SF
Stella
Anna Maria Giuffrida
AM
Drieu
Katy
K
Rapoport
Stanley I
SI
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004224:Diterpenes; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010673:Pheochromocytoma; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
D000975:Antioxidants; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004224:Diterpenes; D005663:Furans; D046934:Ginkgolides; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract; C073710:bilobalide