title: Recent innovations in the management of fecal incontinence.
abstract: The importance of having a reproducible scoring system to objectively assess the severity of fecal incontinence and its response to treatment is stressed, and a number of methods are described. The approach to conservative treatment and investigation is outlined. Recent advances in the surgical management of fecal incontinence including the electrically stimulated gracilis neosphincter, sacral nerve stimulation, the artificial anal sphincter, internal anal sphincter augmentation, rectal augmentation, and antegrade colonic irrigation are described in detail.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Surgery, Barts and The London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Royal London Hospital, England.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Darakhshan
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D001187:Artificial Organs; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000502:physiology; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000294:innervation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results