Effects of aluminum and zinc on the oxidative stress caused by 6-hydroxydopamine autoxidation: relevance for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Aluminum and zinc have been related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the former for its neurotoxicity and the latter for its apparent antioxidant properties. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is an important neurotoxin putatively involved in the pathogenesis of PD, its neurotoxicity often being related to oxidative stress. The potential effect of these metals on the oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA autoxidation and the potential of ascorbic acid (AA), cysteine, and glutathione to modify this effect were investigated. Both metals, particularly Al3+, induced a significant reduction in *OH production by 6-OHDA autoxidation. The combined action of AA and a metal caused a significant and sustained increase in *OH generation, particularly with Al3+, while the effect of sulfhydryl reductants was limited to only the first few minutes of the reaction. However, both Al3+ and Zn2+ provoked a decrease in the lipid peroxidation induced by 6-OHDA autoxidation using mitochondrial preparations from rat brain, assessed by TBARS formation. In the presence of AA, only Al3+ induced a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation. After intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA in rats, tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry revealed that Al3+ reduces 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic lesion in the striatum, which corroborates the involvement of lipid peroxidation in 6-OHDA neurotoxicity and appears to discard the participation of this mechanism on PD by Al3+ accumulation. The previously reported antioxidant properties of Zn2+ appear to be related to the induction of Zn2+-containing proteins and not to the metal per se.
Méndez-Alvarez
Estefanía
E
Grupo de Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco 1, E-15782, Spain.
Soto-Otero
Ramón
R
Hermida-Ameijeiras
Alvaro
A
López-Real
Ana María
AM
Labandeira-García
José Luis
JL
D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002412:Cations; D003545:Cysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011048:Polarography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002412:Cations; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D016627:Oxidopamine; D000535:Aluminum; D005978:Glutathione; D015032:Zinc; D003545:Cysteine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid