title: [Ligamentoplasty of the anterior cruciate ligament after 40 years: a series of 41 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ligamentoplasty for tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is generally thought to be unreliable after the age of 40 years. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to assess the five-year outcome after ACL plasty in patients aged over 40 at the time of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 1997, 41 patients aged 44.5 +/- 4.5 years (28 men, 25 right side) underwent intra-articular reconstruction of the ACL. Clinical and radiological assessment using the IKDC criteria was obtained at a mean 62 months postoperatively using manual instrumental measurements with KT-1000. The indication for reconstruction was instability in daily life activities for 40 patients and difficulties encountered in sports activities in one; there were three cases of remodeling. Arthroscopy was used in all cases to perform a patellar tendon graft (bone-tendon-bone in 30 cases associated with extra-articular lateral reinforcement in eleven).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant complications. Among 12 patients who initially participated in competition sports, seven were able to resume their activity at their former level. At last follow-up, global IKDC score was A for 12, B for 25, and C for three and D for one. All patients scored C or D had a poor IKDC symptom score, basically because of pain. Motion was not modified. The IKDC radiology score was A for 25, B for 15 and C for one, but the three cases of remodeling did not progress. Prognostic factors for overall IKDC result were: age of the patient at the time of reconstruction (under 45 years), and the delay to surgery for accident victims (less than one year). The following criteria had no effect at last follow-up: gender, sport practiced, type of initial laxity (anterior alone or global anterior), presence of meniscal damage, preservation of the medial and/or lateral meniscus, chondral injury observed peroperatively, and use of a lateral reinforcement. Radiographic remodeling observed in this group of 41 patients was related to delay from accident to surgery (p=0.0007) and preservation of the medial meniscus (p=0.03). Age, gender, type of activity before surgery, degree of initial and residual laxity had no statistically significant effect on remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age over 40 years is not a contraindication for arthroscopic free patellar tendon graft for the treatment of chronic anterior laxity. Using rigorous preoperative assessment criteria (delay from accident to surgery, absence of joint space narrowing on the AP and lateral view before intervention, symptomatic instability in daily life activities and motivated patient) this type of procedure can be performed safely and provides good functional outcome at five years. The current follow-up is insufficient to judge potential joint degradation. Age is not a contraindication if certain precautions are taken.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Orthopédie, CHU de Caen, Avenue Côte-de-Nacre, 14033 Caen Cedex.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Texier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hulet
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Acquitter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tallier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jambou
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Locker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vielpeau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors