title: Evaluation of preoperative administration of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor rofecoxib for the treatment of postoperative pain after lumbar disc surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A combination of analgesics with different mechanisms of action may improve postoperative pain control and reduce the incidence of side effects. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of preoperative administration of rofecoxib (Vioxx; Merck & Co., Inc., Somerset, NJ) in reducing pain and opioid requirements after single-level lumbar microdiscectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 61 consenting patients who were considered American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I or II and who were scheduled for elective single-level lumbar microdiscectomy. Patients received either two doses of rofecoxib 50 mg or a placebo preoperatively. The outcome measures included morphine use in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), discharge times, and side effect profile. Data were analyzed by use of independent sample t tests for continuous variables or chi(2) tests for categorical variables. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were comparable with respect to patient characteristics, intraoperative opioid and hypnotic consumption, and duration of surgery. Patients in the rofecoxib group required significantly less morphine postoperatively. Significantly more patients in the placebo group reported pain scores greater than 7 at admission to the PACU. Time to first request for analgesia was shorter in the placebo group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant differences between groups in the incidence of nausea, time to discharge from the PACU, or hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative rofecoxib is effective in reducing postoperative narcotic consumption in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. The use of rofecoxib does not shorten PACU length of stay or hospital discharge time. These outcome measures depend on multiple administrative factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. alex.bekker@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bekker
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frempong-Boadu
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Errico
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebovits
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017586:Diskectomy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D013450:Sulfones
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007783:Lactones; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases