title: Botulinum toxin for dysphagia due to cricopharyngeal dysfunction.
abstract: Botulinum injection in the cricopharyngeal muscle has not yet been described thoroughly. In reviewing the literature, only 24 cases were found in which botulinum injection was used to treat cricopharyngeal dysfunction. We want to add another four cases and discuss specific indications and necessary pre-treatment examinations. Depending on the patient's history and the clinical findings, botulinum injection may be performed. Manometry and videofluoroscopy are not mandatory. The type of functional pathology defines whether botulinum toxin will be a definite treatment or a temporary relief.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Callier
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeersch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A