title: CTLA-4 negative signaling via lipid rafts: A new perspective.
abstract: Proper function of the immune system requires that activation of T cells is precisely regulated. Responses to the T cell receptor are modulated by signals from other receptors. CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, also called CD152), for example, inhibits cytokine production and proliferation of T cells. Activation of T cells is associated with the accumulation of signaling proteins in lipd rafts--microdomains of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipds. Rudd et al. discuss evidence that CTLA-4 might inhibit cytokine production and T cell proliferation by limiting the assembly of lipid rafts, which are critical to the formation of a functional immunological synapse between antigen-presenting cells and T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College School of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D015536:Down-Regulation; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000069594:Abatacept