title: T-786C polymorphism in endothelial NO synthase gene affects cerebral circulation in smokers: possible gene-environmental interaction.
abstract: Effects of smoking on white matter lesions, such as lacunar infarction and leukoaraiosis, are still controversial. We hypothesized that the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) genotype was a modulating factor for the effect of smoking on cerebral circulation. We took a cross-sectional population from the participants of a health examination to study the effects of smoking and a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the eNOS gene, T-786C. Smokers and nonsmokers were defined as having a smoking index (cigarettes per day times years) of >/=200 and 0, respectively. One hundred sixty-six male nonsmokers and 344 male smokers were recruited. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the (133)Xe inhalation method. Genotyping of T-786C was performed by using a newly developed allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Smokers were exposed to greater oxidative stress, as estimated by urinary F(2)-isoprostane excretion. In smokers, CC homozygotes of T-786C showed a significant decrease of cerebral blood flow (56.6+/-13.3, 57.6+/-11.5, and 44.0+/-7.2 mL/min per 100 g tissue for TT, TC, and CC, respectively; P=0.03 by ANOVA) and a significant increase of cerebrovascular resistance, whereas the eNOS genotype did not affect these parameters in nonsmokers. This result indicated that the eNOS genotype could modify cerebrovascular circulation in a general population by potentiating the adverse effect of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Clinical Laboratory, and the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, and the Shimane Institute of Health Science, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shampa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasreen
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nabika
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Shotai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III