title: Aminolaevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy: cellular responses to glucose starvation.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy is a cancer treatment based on the interaction of light, oxygen and a photosensitiser. Protoporphyrin. IX is an endogenous photosensitiser derived from the pro-drug aminolaevulinic acid. Tumours contain areas of hypoxia and hypoglycaemia. Tumour cells adapt to these conditions by stress protein induction which may induce resistance to cancer therapies. The effect of chronic hypoglycaemia on sensitivity to aminolaevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy in vitro was studied in MCF-7, human breast cancer cells. Following chronic exposure to 0, 1 or 25 mM, glucose, cells were treated with aminolaevulinic acid and the generation of intracellular protoporphyrin. IX measured by spectrofluorimetry. Aminolaevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy sensitivity was compared between cells following chronic exposure to 0, 1 or 25 mM glucose. Percentage cell survival was determined by clonogenic assay. Cells cultured in low glucose generated higher levels of protoporphyrin IX compared to standard glucose medium (0 mM glucose: 0.88 x 10(-5) ng cell(-1), 1 mM: 0.86 x 10(-5) ng cell(-1), 25 mM: 0.60 5x 10(-5) ng cell(-1), P<0.05). However, photodynamic therapy sensitivity was reduced in glucose deprived cells (0 mM glucose: 61% survival, 1 mM: 80.5% and 25 mM: 39.6%, P<0.05). Chronic exposure to low glucose induces photodynamic therapy resistance despite increased intracellular concentrations of protoporphyrin IX and may reflect cellular adaptation to chronic glucose deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Surgical and Anaesthetic Sciences, Division of Clinical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Floor K, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wyld
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: M W R
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011524:Protoporphyrins; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; D005947:Glucose