title: Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Choroidal hemangioma presents a therapeutic dilemma. Although it is a benign tumor, it may lead to massive exudation of subretinal fluid and a loss of visual function. Argon laser photo-coagulation in a grid pattern may be followed by initial absorption of subretinal fluid, but recurrence is common. Trans-scleral cryotherapy is difficult to apply at the posterior pole of the eye. External beam irradiation may bear a risk of maculopathy and papillopathy. Brachytherapy does not allow placement of radiation to the hemangioma sparing other retinal or choroidal structures. We sought to determine whether transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) is suitable for treatment of choroidal hemangioma at the posterior pole.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present ten patients with choroidal hemangioma. All of these received TTT. The mean follow-up period was 13.3 months (3-21 months). TTT was delivered via a slitlamp microscope with a diode laser at 810 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After TTT, reduction in tumor prominence was observed in eight patients at 3 months after treatment by A scan sonography. Visual acuity improved by more than three lines in four patients, and remained unchanged in all other patients. Two patients were retreated to achieve complete absorption of fluid. Serous retinal detachment persisted in three patients because the hemangioma could not be treated completely because of proximity to the fovea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary results suggest that TTT may be used effectively to treat some choroidal hemangiomas in the first instance and prevent fluid leakage provided the lesion does not involve the fovea. However, long-term follow-up and more cases are needed to evaluate the long-term visual outcome and potential risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grueterich
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ulbig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011680:Pupil; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014792:Visual Acuity