title: Clinical outcomes of 3D conformal hypofractionated single high-dose radiotherapy for one or two lung tumors using a stereotactic body frame.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of three-dimensional (3D) conformal hypofractionated single high-dose radiotherapy for one or two lung tumors using a stereotactic body frame.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients who were treated between July 1998 and November 2000 and were followed for >10 months were included in this study. Of the 40 patients, 31 had primary lung cancer and 9 had metastatic lung cancer. The primary lung cancer was staged as T1N0M0, T2N0M0, and T3N0M0 in 19, 8, and 4 patients, respectively. The primary sites of metastatic lung cancer were the colon in 4, tongue in 2, and osteosarcoma, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma in 1 each. 3D treatment planning was performed to maintain the target dose homogeneity within 15% and to decrease the irradiated lung volume from >20 Gy to <25%. All patients were irradiated using a stereotactic body frame and received 4 times 10-12 Gy single high-dose radiation at the isocenter during a period of 5-13 days (median 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial 3 patients received 40, and the remaining 37 patients received 48 Gy after dose escalation. Of the 33 tumors followed >6 months, 6 tumors (18%) disappeared completely after treatment. Twenty-five tumors (76%) decreased in size by 30% or more after treatment. Therefore, 31 tumors (94%) showed a local response. During the follow-up of 4-37 months (median 19), no pulmonary complications greater than National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 2 were noted. Of the 16 patients with histologically confirmed T1N0M0 primary lung cancer who received 48 Gy, all tumors were locally controlled during the follow-up of 6-36 months (median = 19). In 9 tumors with lung metastases that were irradiated with 48 Gy in total, 2 tumors did not show a local response. Finally, 3 tumors (33%) with lung metastases relapsed locally at 6-12 months (median 7) after treatment during the follow-up of 3-29 months (median 18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D conformal hypofractionated single high-dose radiotherapy of 48 Gy in 4 fractions using a stereotactic body frame was useful for the treatment of lung tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan. nag@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizowaki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Michihide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*