title: Digital photography for rhinoplasty.
abstract: Standardized, high-quality, preoperative photographs of the nose are critical for preoperative rhinoplasty planning, comparative postoperative assessment, and demonstration of surgical results. To produce these high-quality, reproducible photographs, it is essential to standardize lighting, to properly position the patient in standard views, to avoid lens distortion, and to maintain consistent camera-to-subject distances. Traditional photographic standards have been well documented in the literature; however, most do not address digital photography, and none address digital photography for rhinoplasty. Certain variables in digital photography that are not present in 35-mm photography can be critical to the appearance of the final image. Variables such as image color and contrast (which usually vary between digital cameras), focal length differences between 35-mm and most digital cameras, the effect of resolution and compression on image quality, and the effect of the printing method used can affect the appearance of the external anatomy of the nose in the final print or image. Lack of detail in the external nasal anatomy becomes an issue if the surgeon uses the photograph intraoperatively for reference, as the authors do. Initially, the authors experienced difficulties with observing subtleties in the tip-defining points and tip anatomy using digital photography when compared with our traditional methods of 35-mm photography. The lack of detail in the external anatomy was most prevalent in the frontal and basal views. Thus, the authors have since tailored their photographic methods to document the rhinoplasty patient to maximize the visual information of the external nasal anatomy in the photographic and the printed image. This article is intended to review the photographic principles for standardized rhinoplasty photography, address the additional considerations necessary when using digital photography, discuss the printing variables that can affect overall quality of the printed image, and discuss the authors' new method of photographing the rhinoplasty patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21234, USA. gmgaldin@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Galdino
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DaSilva And
authors.forename: Jack P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gunter
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*