title: Effects of GH on lipid peroxidation and neutrophil superoxide anion-generating capacity in hypopituitary adults with GH deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is implicated in the increased cardiovascular risk associated with adult hypopituitarism. Oxidative stress, predisposing to lipid peroxidation, may be an important mediator of endothelial dysfunction, a pro-atherogenic state associated with adult GHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study we investigated the effects of GH replacement on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and neutrophil superoxide (O(-)(2)) generating capacity in 32 GHD adults (19 males, 13 females; age range 19-64 years) over 3 months. Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipid hydroperoxides (HPOs) in plasma were measured using the ferrous oxidation with xylenol orange (FOX) assay. The susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was assessed by the copper-catalysed lag phase of LDL oxidation. Neutrophil O(-)(2)- generating capacity was assessed by a lucigenin-based chemiluminescent assay of NADPH oxidase activity. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, GHD subjects had higher LDL cholesterol (4.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.9 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and higher triglyceride concentrations (2.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/l, P < 0.001) but lower HDL cholesterol (1.1 +/- 0.3 mmol/l vs. 1.4 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, P < 0.01), lower levels of HPOs (0.72 +/- 0.35 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.20 microm, P < 0.01) and lower basal (2.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 4.5 +/- 2.3 mV/5 x 10(5) neutrophils, P < 0.01) and peak post-activation levels (23.2 +/- 11.1 vs. 34.4 +/- 15.6 mV/5 x 10(5) neutrophils, P < 0.01) of neutrophil O(-)(2)- generation. GH replacement resulted in an increase in HPOs from 0.70 +/- 0.39 to 0.86 +/- 0.19 microm (P < 0.05), although there was no change in the lag time of LDL oxidation. Neutrophil O(-)(2)- generating capacity was enhanced with a rise in basal O(-)(2)- generation from 2.8 +/- 1.4 to 5.4 +/- 4.6 mV/5 x 10(5) neutrophils (P < 0.05) and in peak post-activation O(-)(2)- generation from 21.9 +/- 9.5 to 35.8 +/- 21.7 mV/5 x 10(5) neutrophils (P < 0.05). LDL cholesterol was reduced from 4.1 +/- 0.8 mmol/l to 3.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l (P < 0.01). No significant changes in measured parameters occurred in the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult GHD is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation and impaired neutrophil O(-)(2)- generating capacity, both of which are reversible with GH replacement. Our data suggest that: (i) that oxidative stress is not a major feature of the pro-atherogenic state in hypopituitary adults with GHD and (ii) a role for GH in modulating neutrophil function and leucocyte-lipoprotein interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK. jamie.smith@virgin.net
authors.forename: Jamie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEneny
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Scanlon
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013481:Superoxides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D013481:Superoxides; D019382:Human Growth Hormone