title: The value of radionuclide studies in children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and analyze the appearances of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) on Tc-99m DMSA and Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors evaluated scintigraphic findings for 13 boys and 9 girls (age range, 2 months to 22.75 years; mean, 7.5 years) with ARPKD. Fourteen children underwent Tc-99m DMSA and 20 underwent Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy according to European guidelines. Kidney outline, internal structure, tracer uptake, and differential function were analyzed on Tc-99m DMSA images, whereas relative liver lobe sizes, hepatocyte tracer uptake, time to peak, and excretion into the biliary tree and gut were evaluated on Tc-99m HIDA scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On Tc-99m DMSA images, loss of kidney outline and internal structure was seen in 75% of the scans, and patchy tracer uptake with focal defects throughout the kidneys, particularly at the poles, was evident in 93%. In 85% of the cases, the Tc-99m DMSA changes did not correlate with the ultrasonographic findings where the kidneys are uniformly affected. Characteristic findings on Tc-99m HIDA scans were enlarged left liver lobe in 80%, a delay in maximal hepatocyte uptake in 68%, delayed tracer excretion into the biliary tree in 32% (with stasis in the prominent intrahepatic biliary ducts in 50% or pooling into the segmentally dilated biliary ducts in 25%), and delayed excretion into the gut in 40% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a child with clinically enlarged kidneys that appear diffusely hyperechoic on ultrasound, the appearances on Tc-99m DMSA imaging strongly support the diagnosis of ARPKD. The Tc-99m HIDA findings, especially of an enlarged left lobe of the liver with bile stasis or dilatation, further support the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zagar
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Isky
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017044:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019780:Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D019780:Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin