title: Spondee recognition in a two-talker masker and a speech-shaped noise masker in adults and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to examine developmental effects for perceptual masking due a two-talker masker. Both continuous and gated maskers were employed in order to determine the importance of masker continuity for perceptual masking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A repeated measures design compared the spondee recognition performance of adults and children using both a speech-shaped noise and a two-talker masker. The masker was either presented continuously, or was gated on and off at about the same time as the target spondee. The ages of the listeners were 19 to 48 yr (adults) and 5 to 10 yr (children).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results for the continuous masker indicated higher thresholds for the two-talker masker than for the speech-shaped noise masker. This effect was greater in the children than in the adults. In the gated masking condition, the greater masking effect associated with the two-talker masker was either diminished (children) or eliminated (adults).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a masking effect for two-talker speech competition that is greater in children than in adults. Perceptual masking is greater for continuous than for gated masking.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Grose
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buss
authors.forename: Madhu B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*