title: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome following cardiac surgery: different expression of proinflammatory cytokines and procalcitonin in patients with and without multiorgan dysfunctions.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with an injury that may cause pathophysiological changes in the form of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In the present study, we investigated the inflammatory response of patients with multiple organ dysfunctions following open-heart surgery. Plasma levels of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured on the first four postoperative days in 12 adult male patients with SIRS and two or more organ dysfunctions after myocardial revascularization (MODS group), and 15 patients without organ dysfunctions (SIRS group). All cytokines (except IL-1beta) and PCT were significantly elevated in MODS patients, with peak values at the first two postoperative days. The results of our study show a different expression of members of the IL-1 family following extracorporeal circulation. For the first time, we can document that IL-18 is involved in the inflammatory response and the initiation of the MODS following cardiopulmonary bypass. In addition to APACHE-II score, PCT, IL-8, and IL-18 may be used as parameters for the prognosis of patients with organ dysfunctions after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, it must be noted that the duration of the surgical procedure is one of the most important factors for the initiation of the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Halle, Halle an der Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sablotzki
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mühling
authors.forename: Marius G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dehne
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spillner
authors.forename: Rolf E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Czeslik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D020382:Interleukin-18; D011498:Protein Precursors; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide