title: Co-expression of interleukin-5 influences replication of simian/human immunodeficiency viruses in vivo.
abstract: The positive effect of the co-expression of T helper (Th) cell type 2 cytokine interleukin-5 (IL-5) on nef-deleted simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) replication in vitro has been observed previously. To analyse whether the growth advantage of IL-5-containing SHIV (NI-IL5) in vitro would be relevant in vivo, the virus was inoculated into monkeys. Three rhesus macaques were inoculated intravenously with 10(4) TCID(50) of NI-IL5. Results were compared with those obtained previously from SHIV NM-3rN (intact) and SHIV-dn (nef-deleted)-infected monkeys. Cytokine production, analysed by IL-5 ELISA, showed a twofold increase in IL-5 concentration in the plasma soon after the peak of virus replication. Virus replication and antibody production were greater in monkeys inoculated with IL-5-expressing SHIV than in monkeys inoculated with nef-deleted SHIV without IL-5. These findings show a stimulation of SHIV replication by co-expression of IL-5 and suggest the important role of Th2-type cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan1.
authors.forename: Iouri L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Kozyrev
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan1.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan1.
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan1.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan1.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan1.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ibuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan2.
authors.forename: Tohko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan1.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002678:Chimera / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D018951:Antigens, CD20; D015848:Interleukin-5; D012367:RNA, Viral