title: Isotretinoin for low-grade cervical dysplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the efficacy of isotretinoin for prevention of progression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) of the cervix to high-grade lesions or invasive cervical cancer; to estimate the regression rate of low-grade SIL with isotretinoin and the toxicity of isotretinoin in this setting; and to correlate serum CD4 levels with progression of low-grade SIL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, phase III, observation-controlled, multicenter trial was performed in which 117 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women with low-grade SIL of the cervix received either oral isotretinoin at 0.5 mg/kg per day for 6 months or observation. Papanicolaou smears and colposcopy/biopsy were done at regular intervals during follow-up. The primary endpoint was progression to high-grade SIL or cervical cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one of 102 women (20.6%) completing follow-up experienced progression to high-grade SIL, 13 in the observation group and eight in the isotretinoin group. This difference was not significant (P =.29). No cases of invasive cancer were seen. Baseline CD4 levels were lower than anticipated (median 329 cells/mm(3)), but not associated with time to progression (P =.36). Most subjects (63 of 102, 61.7%) used highly active antiretroviral therapy. Subjects under age 30 were more likely to progress than those older than 30 (P =.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isotretinoin was not associated with longer time to progression of low-grade SIL. This appears to be a chronic condition in HIV-positive women, with a low risk of progression and significant rate of resolution. As in the general population, observation without excisional therapy may be appropriate for HIV-positive women with low-grade SIL.
authors.affiliation: Harrington Cancer Center/Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Darragh
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maiman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015474:Isotretinoin