title: EEG analysis with simulated neuronal cell models helps to detect pre-seizure changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test if a method for real-time detection of epileptic seizures based on electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis with simulated neuronal cell models can be modified to identify pre-seizure changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our EEG analysis method consists of two simulated leaky integrate and fire units (LIFU) connected to a signal preprocessing stage that marks parts of the EEG signals with slopes larger than a preset threshold Hth with unit pulses. The LIFUs change their spiking frequency depending on the rate and the synchrony of the impinging pulse trains. Here, we use our method in a high-sensitivity mode by setting Hth to low values, which causes the LIFUs to continuously spike during the interictal state. We test if the LIFUs spiking rates change before seizure onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used 9 long-term EEGs (16+/-7 h) of 7 patients with drug resistant epilepsy. Fifteen seizures were analyzed and all were preceded by an increase of the time-averaged spiking rates SR(av) of the LIFUs. We defined a function F(Sz), which quantifies the changes of SR(av). F(Sz) increased and stayed above an individually set and fixed threshold 83+/-91 min (range: 4-330 min) before EEG seizure onset. Only two false alarms occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that EEG analysis with simulated neuronal cell models may be used to detect pre-seizure changes with high sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. kschindler@access.ch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiest
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kollar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted