title: Haemodynamic and EKG changes in patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the report is to monitor, in patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery (MIDCAB), the haemodynamic parameters, ST segment changes and the incidence of arrhythmias during clamping of the coronary artery and following reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients scheduled for elective MIDCAB surgery during isoflurane anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Patients were monitored by a pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter, an arterial line and 5 leads ECG. The different haemodynamic parameters, the ST segment changes, as well as the occurrence of arrhythmias during coronary clamping and ten minutes following reperfusion were compared to the control values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in the cardiac index followed clamping of the coronary artery. However, the ST segment was significantly elevated. Following coronary reperfusion, the ST segment recovered to the baseline values, and the cardiac index significantly increased more than the baseline value (3.5 +/- 1.1 l/min/m2 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7 l/min/m2). However, reperfusion was associated with multiple ventricular extrasystoles in four patients. The elevation of the ST segments during coronary clamping was higher in the four patients who developed reperfusion arrhythmias (0.9 +/- 0.4 mm); one of the patients had preoperative frequent VPBs, two patients had history of unstable angina, while the fourth patient had 70% proximal stenosis of the LAD and recent myocardial infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary occlusion in patients undergoing MIDCAB can result in ST segment elevation, followed by reperfusion ventricular extrasystoles. The reperfusion arrhythmias were observed in patients showing a significant elevation of the ST segment during coronary occlusion; risk factors included a preoperative history of arrhythmia, unstable angina, recent MI, and/or 70% LAD stenosis. The rapid restoration of the control ST segment level and the significant increase of cardiac output following coronary reperfusion suggest that isoflurane anesthesia may have provided a degree of myocardial protection during coronary clamping and reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 113-6044, Beirut. abaraka@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: Anis S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Baraka
authors.forename: Sania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haroun-Bizri
authors.forename: Bassem R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Shabb
authors.forename: Samar S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Imad Rachid
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Chehab
authors.forename: Maya I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Jalbout
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D003250:Constriction; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane