title: Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces membrane ruffling and increases motility of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and CrkII.
abstract: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a ligand for endothelial differentiation gene family proteins, is one of the most potent signal mediators released from activated platelets. Here, we report that S1P induces membrane ruffling of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), Src family tyrosine kinase(s), and the CrkII adaptor protein. S1P induced prominent phosphorylation of CrkII in HUVECs, indicating that CrkII was involved in the S1P-induced signaling pathway. S1P-induced CrkII phosphorylation was blocked by pertussis toxin and overexpression of the carboxyl terminus of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase, indicating that the betagamma subunit of G(i) was required for the phosphorylation. Notably, the S1P-induced CrkII phosphorylation was also abolished by inhibitors of VEGFR or Src family tyrosine kinases. By using Picchu, a real time monitoring protein for CrkII phosphorylation, we found that S1P induced rapid CrkII phosphorylation at membrane ruffles. Finally, we observed that expression of a dominant negative mutant of CrkII inhibited the S1P-induced membrane ruffling and cell migration. These results delineated a novel S1P signaling pathway that involves sequential activation of G(i)-coupled receptor(s), VEGFR, Src family tyrosine kinase(s), and the CrkII adaptor protein, and which is responsible for both the induction of membrane ruffling and the increase in cell motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurose
authors.forename: Seibu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Michiyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050737:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014471:Umbilical Veins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050737:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D011494:Protein Kinases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D013110:Sphingosine