title: Orthodontic undergraduate education: developments in a modern curriculum.
abstract: This paper explores some modern concepts of teaching and learning, including cognitive theory, the zone of proximal development, constructivism, andragogy and learning styles and describes how they have informed the development of an undergraduate orthodontic curriculum. The changes described include student-centred learning, guided self-learning, and the incorporation of problem-based learning concepts. The details of the problem-based learning programme are described together with results of student feedback on the change in teaching and learning style.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health and Development, Department of Dental Medicine and Surgery, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bearn
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D019336:Cognitive Science / Q000193:education; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003479:Curriculum / Q000639:trends*; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000639:trends; D005179:Faculty, Dental; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007858:Learning; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000193:education*; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013335:Students, Dental; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods