title: Cadmium accumulation and buffering of cadmium-induced stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza in three Pisum sativum L. genotypes.
abstract: The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in reducing Cd stress was investigated in three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128), grown in soil/sand pot cultures in the presence and absence of 2-3 mg kg(-1) bioavailable Cd, and inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Shoot, root and pod biomass were decreased by Cd in non-mycorrhizal plants. The presence of mycorrhiza attenuated the negative effect of Cd so that shoot biomass and activity of photosystem II, based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, were not significantly different between mycorrhizal plants growing in the presence or absence of the heavy metal (HM). Total P concentrations were not significantly different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants treated with Cd. From 20-50-fold more Cd accumulated in roots than in shoots of Cd-treated plants, and overall levels were comparable to other metal-accumulating plants. Genetic variability in Cd accumulation existed between the pea genotypes. Concentration of the HM was lowest in roots of VIR4788 and in pods of VIR4788 and VIR7128. G. intraradices inoculation decreased Cd accumulation in roots and pods of cv. Frisson, whilst high concentrations were maintained in roots and pods of mycorrhizal VIR7128. Shoot concentrations of Cd increased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR4788. Sequestration of Cd in root cell walls and/or cytoplasm, measured by EDS/SEM, was comparable between non-mycorrhizal pea genotypes but considerably decreased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR7128. Possible mechanisms for mycorrhiza buffering of Cd-induced stress in the pea genotypes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: UMR 1088 INRA/Université de Bourgogne, BBCE-IPM, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510 21065 Dijon Cédex, France.
authors.forename: Facundo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivera-Becerril
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calantzis
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turnau
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Caussanel
authors.forename: Andrei A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Belimov
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gianinazzi
authors.forename: Reto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Vivienne
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gianinazzi-Pearson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development*; D005838:Genotype; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; D010758:Phosphorus; D000077194:Chlorophyll A