The bicoronal flap approach in craniofacial trauma.
The utilization of the bicoronal scalp flap in craniofacial trauma has proved indispensable in the management of severe craniofacial injuries. It provides vast exposure of such critical structures as the cranium, frontal sinus, orbit and upper midface, compared with that for previous techniques of facial fracture reduction. Although the flap has great utility, severe complications, such as facial nerve injury, diplopia, telecanthus, and scalp necrosis, can occur. This article reviews the surgical anatomy, technique, and indications for the safe utilization of the bicoronal scalp flap approach in the management of craniofacial trauma.
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Division of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center/Chicago Medical School, California and 15th Streets, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
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D000328:Adult; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D005205:Fascia / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000637:transplantation*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012535:Scalp / Q000473:pathology; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000098:blood supply / Q000145:classification / Q000294:innervation; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000637:transplantation*