title: Use of specific inhalation challenge in the evaluation of workers at risk for occupational asthma: a survey of pulmonary, allergy, and occupational medicine residency training programs in the United States and Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the current practice of occupational asthma (OA) diagnosis and use of specific inhalation challenge (SIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey evaluating the current practice of SIC was mailed to 259 residency training programs in adult pulmonary diseases, allergy and immunology, and occupational medicine accredited in the United States and Canada during the year 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six percent (123 of 259 programs) participated. Ninety-two programs reported that patients with OA were seen during the previous year, 15 programs reported that SIC had been performed, and 10 programs reported that patients had been referred to other sites for SIC. A total of 259 patients underwent SIC. No unexpected adverse reactions were reported. Forty-one programs reported that they had been willing to undertake SIC but were unable to do so. The most common barriers cited were lack of availability of SIC within the evaluating institution, inability to locate a site for referral, concerns about reimbursement, and lack of an appropriate diagnostic reagent for use in SIC. Seventy-four programs indicated that SIC was useful, and 34 programs included training in the use of SIC was part of the residency curriculum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although SIC is considered the "gold standard" for objective documentation of OA, the test is performed in only a few institutions in the United States and Canada. Many institutions indicate that SIC is not available, even when desired for patient management. Only a minority of participating residency training programs include SIC as a formal part of the training curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA.
authors.forename: Hector G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: Deanna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banks
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002170:Canada; D003479:Curriculum; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009787:Occupational Medicine / Q000193:education; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review