title: Circadian rhythm of hunger sensation in patients affected by dysthymic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates the daily pattern of hunger sensation (HS), namely orexia, in patients affected by "Dysthymic Disorder" (DD). The aim is to detect whether there are changes in the circadian rhythm (CR) of HS, herein investigated as a "marker rhythm", that can reveal a dysfunction of the "circadian biological clock" (CBC). In such a circumstance, one could be authorised to suggest a resynchronizing therapy, via antidepressant chronizing drugs and/or morning exposure to bright light, as it is currently done in other types of human depression, having a documented dysfunction of the CBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteered with informed consent for the study 6 women (age = 34-56 years; mean BMI = 22.7 +/- 4.8 kg/m2) affected by DD. 10 clinically healthy women (CHW, age = 21-52 years; mean BMI = 24.0 +/- 0.5 kg/m2) were recruited as the controls. Both of the dysthymic patients (DP) and CHW were asked to compile the "orexigram", which was chronobiometrically analyzed by means of the 1. conventional statistical methods; 2. rhythmometric analysis for the CR; 3. spectral analysis for the harmonic components of the orexigram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DP were found to be characterized by a normal daily level of HS, with 1. the CR of the orectic stimulus to be preserved and well located in its acrophase, and 2. the spectrogram of the orexigram to be substantially well configured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above-cited results suggest that the DP show no alterations in the HS marker rhythm that can be taken as an evidence for declaring that the DD is not characterized by a relevant dysfunction of the CBC. Lacking in particular a phase-shift in HS marker rhythm, it can be argued that the DD is an affective disorder for which a resynchronizing therapy (exposure to bright light or pharmacological chronizers) seems to be "a priori" not indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cugini
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Passynkova
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Cristofano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: De Francesco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coda
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Agostini-Costa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fontana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008875:Middle Aged; D012677:Sensation