Expression of HLA-DR and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in stage IV gastric cancer.
BACKGROUND: Some patients with stage IV gastric cancer have a long survival. Host immune response and proteolytic activity in the primary tumor may be associated with outcome in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess prognostic factors in patients with stage IV far advanced gastric cancer.METHODS: Findings in 26 patients who underwent resection of stage IV gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed for clinicopathological variables, and for the immunohistochemical expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR as an index of host immune response and for expression of urokinase type-plasminogen activator (u-PA) as an index of proteolytic activity in the tumor.RESULTS: Of the 13 clinicopathological and immunohistochemical variables tested by univariate analysis surgical curability, lymph node metastasis, HLA-DR expression, and u-PA expression had a significant influence on survival after surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that surgical curability, HLA-DR expression, and u-PA expression independently influenced survival. Patients positive for HLA-DR expression [HLA-DR (+)] and regative for u-PA expression [u-PA (-)] had the best survival: 25-month median survival and 25% 5-year survival rate. Patients who were HLA-DR (+) and u-PA (+), or HLA-DR (-) and u-PA (-) had a median survival of 10 months, a 1-year survival rate of 46.2%, and a 2-year survival rate of 7.7%. HLA-DR (-) and u-PA (+) patients had the worst survival: 4.5-month median survival and 0% 1-year survival.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that host immune response and proteolytic activity in the primary tumor may determine malignant potential, and that the combination of positive-HLA-DR and negative-u-PA expression in cancer cells may be a predictor of prolonged survival in stage IV gastric cancer patients.
Murata
Satoshi
S
First Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
Eguchi
Yutaka
Y
Terata
Nobukuni
N
Tani
Tohru
T
Kodama
Masashi
M