title: Qualitative performance characteristics differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be differentiated on the basis of qualitative performance characteristics during neuropsychological evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty one patients with clinically defined DLB were matched with 26 patients with AD for age, illness duration, nature and severity of cognitive deficits, and regional blood flow distribution on SPECT. The presence or absence of a set of qualitative performance characteristics, observed and recorded during the patients' initial cognitive evaluation, was identified by retrospective analysis of patients' records and the groups compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inattention, visual distractibility, impairments in establishing and shifting mental set, incoherence, confabulatory responses, perseveration, and intrusions were significantly more common in DLB than AD. Intrusions were particularly common in DLB, occurring in 78% of the group. They included externally cued intrusions arising from the visual environment, a feature never seen in AD. In a stepwise logistic regression analysis impaired mental set shifting, perseveration, and the presence of intrusions correctly classified 79% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to differentiate DLB and AD on the basis of qualitative features of performance. As many features are amenable to detection at clinical interview, they ought to contribute to clinicians' diagnostic armoury, leading to improved clinical recognition of DLB.
authors.affiliation: Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, UK.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Doubleday
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Snowden
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neary
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon