title: Effect of lower body negative pressure against orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 days head-down tilt bed rest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to actual or simulated weightlessness is known to induce orthostatic intolerance in humans. Many different methods have been suggested to counteract orthostatic hypotension. The repetitive or prolonged application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has shown beneficial effects to counter orthostatic intolerance, but devoting so much time to countermeasures is not compatible with space mission objectives or costs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of brief LBNP sessions against orthostatic intolerance during a 21-d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 12 healthy male volunteers who were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed rest for 21 d. Six subjects received -30 mm Hg LBNP sessions for 1 h x d(-1) from day 15 to day 21 of the HDT, and six others served as control. Orthostatic tolerance was assessed by means of standard tilt test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before HDT, all the subjects in the two groups completed the tilt tests. After 21 d of HDT, five subjects of the control group and one subject of the LBNP group could not complete the tilt test due to presyncopal or syncopal symptoms. The mean upright time in the control group 13.0 +/- 4.0 min) was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than that in the LBNP group (19.0 +/- 2.2 min). Body weight decreased significantly in the control group during HDT, while increasing significantly on day 21 of HDT in the LBNP group. Urine volume increased on days 15-21 of HDT in the control group, but remained unchanged throughout HDT in the LBNP group. A significant decrease in cardiac output and cardiac index, and a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, pre-ejection period, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and prostaglandin 12 were observed during HDT in both groups. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief daily LBNP sessions were effective in preventing orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 d HDT bed rest. However, it did not improve cardiac pump and systolic functions and did not preserve volume regulating hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China. sunxiqing@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xi-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yong-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xing-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shi-Zhong
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chang-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xin-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wei-Ya
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Zong-Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D001510:Bed Rest; D001794:Blood Pressure; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000097:blood; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008297:Male; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D011464:Epoprostenol; D012083:Renin