title: Combined expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 and islet factor 1 induces immature enterocytes to produce insulin.
abstract: Immature rat intestinal stem cells (IEC-6) given the ability to express the transcription factor, pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx-1), yielded YK cells. Although these cells produced multiple enteroendocrine hormones, they did not produce insulin. Exposure of YK cells to 2 nmol/l betacellulin yielded BYK cells that showed the presence of insulin expression in cytoplasm and that secreted insulin into culture media. By examining the mechanism of differentiation in BYK cells, we found that another transcription factor, islet factor 1 (Isl-1) was newly expressed with the disappearance of Pax-6 expression in those cells after exposure to betacellulin. These results indicated that combined expression of Pdx-1 and Isl-1 in IEC-6 cells was required for the production of insulin. In fact, overexpression of both Pdx-1 and Isl-1 in IEC-6 cells (Isl-YK-12, -14, and -15 cells) gave them the ability to express insulin without exposure to betacellulin. Furthermore, implantation of the Isl-YK-14 cells into diabetic rats reduced the animals' plasma glucose levels; glucose levels dropped from 19.4 to 16.9 mmol/l 1 day after the injection of cells. As expected, the plasma insulin concentrations were 2.7 times higher in the diabetic rats injected with Isl-YK-14 cells compared to in controls. In summary, our results indicated that immature intestinal stem cells can differentiate into insulin-producing cells given the ability to express the transcription factors Pdx-1 and Isl-1.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Mineko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimiya
authors.forename: Syu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maegawa
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seno
authors.forename: Norman C W
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066259:Betacellulin; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004386:Duodenum / Q000166:cytology; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D066259:Betacellulin; C587853:Btc protein, rat; D006133:Growth Substances; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C063843:insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; D005947:Glucose