title: Positional cloning identifies a novel cyclophilin as a candidate amplified oncogene in 1q21.
abstract: Gains of 1q21-q23 have been associated with metastasis and chemotherapy response, particularly in bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinomas and sarcomas. By positional cloning of amplified genes by yeast artificial chromosome-mediated cDNA capture using magnetic beads, we have identified three candidate genes (COAS1, -2 and -3) in the amplified region in sarcomas. COAS1 and -2 showed higher amplification levels than COAS3. Most notably, amplification was very common in osteosarcomas, where in particular COAS2 was highly expressed. COAS1 has multiple repeats and shows no homology to previously described genes, whereas COAS2 is a novel member of the cyclosporin-binding peptidyl-prolyl isomerase family, very similar to cyclophilin A. COAS2 was overexpressed almost exclusively in aggressive metastatic or chemotherapy resistant tumours. Although COAS2 was generally more amplified than COAS1, it was not expressed in well-differentiated liposarcomas, where amplification of this region is very common. All three genes were found to be amplified and over-expressed also in breast carcinomas. The complex nature of the 1q21-23 amplicons and close proximity of the genes make unequivocal determination of the gene responsible difficult. Quite likely, the different genes may give selective advantages to different subsets of tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello N-0310, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Leonardo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Meza-Zepeda
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forus
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lygren
authors.forename: Anine B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
authors.forename: Linda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Godager
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: South
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marenholz
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lioumi
authors.forename: Vivi Ann
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Flørenes
authors.forename: Gunhild M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Maelandsmo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mischke
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nizetic
authors.forename: Jiannis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ragoussis
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarkkanen
authors.forename: Jahn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nesland
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knuutila
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Myklebost
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D021983:Cyclophilins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005784:Gene Amplification / Q000235:genetics*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D021983:Cyclophilins