title: Comparison of sonohysterography and hysteroscopy: lessons learned and avoiding pitfalls.
abstract: We compared ultrasound images of the uterine cavity obtained by sonohysterography (SHG) with those of hysteroscopy in an attempt to avoid inaccurate interpretations. Women referred for abnormal bleeding or infertility underwent SHG before treatment. Those with an abnormal study underwent hysteroscopy for confirmation and treatment. Abnormal SHG studies are frequent, with false positive images including blood clots, mucus plugs, and shearing of normal endometrium relatively common. Uterine pathology generally seen on SHG, including anomalies, polyps, and myomas, is consistent with that seen at hysteroscopy. Performing intraoperative SHG concomitantly with hysteroscopy adds value due to SHG's three-dimensional images to confirm depth of pathology and false negative hysteroscopy findings.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Norwalk, CT, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lindheim
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*