title: Decreased susceptibility to NMU-induced mammary carcinogenesis in transgenic rats carrying multiple copies of a rat ras gene driven by the rat Harvey ras promoter.
abstract: Ras protein over-expression has been observed in human breast cancers although the significance of Ras over-expression in the etiology of breast cancer is unknown and its contribution to breast cancer prognosis is still debated. In this study, the over-expression of both wild-type Harvey and Kirsten Ras proteins as contributors to rat mammary carcinogenesis were examined using a transgenic rat model. Three rat transgenic lines (designated HrHr transgenics) carrying three to six copies of wild-type rat Harvey ras driven by the wild-type rat Harvey ras promoter were produced. In addition, transgenic lines carrying either three or seven copies of the Kirsten ras gene under the same promoter (HrKr) were produced. No pathological changes in the mammary gland were observed in any of the HrHr or HrKr transgenic rat line heterozygotes. Two of the Ras transgenic lines, HrHr (R8) and HrKr (4334), had a significant reduction in NMU-induced rat mammary cancer when compared to their non-transgenic littermates. All five Ras transgenic lines developed fewer carcinomas than their non-transgenic littermates following NMU exposure. The percentage of NMU-induced G35 to A35 activating mutations in the endogenous Harvey ras gene in mammary carcinomas from the HrHr, HrKr transgenic rats and their non-transgenic littermates was similar ( approximately 50%). In contrast, less than 1% of the NMU-induced carcinomas in these Ras transgenic rats had an activating ras mutation in their transgenes. These findings highlight the potential of Ras to function as a modifier gene in repressing mammary carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Jill D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Griep
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics*; D008770:Methylnitrosourea / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D008770:Methylnitrosourea