title: Apollo-Soyuz light-flash observations.
abstract: While dark adapted, two Apollo-Soyuz astronauts saw eighty-two light flash events during a complete 51 degrees orbit which passed near the north magnetic pole and through the South Atlantic Anomaly. The frequency of events at the polar parts of the orbit is 25 times that noted in equatorial latitudes and no increased frequency was noted in the South Atlantic Anomaly at the 225-km altitude. The expected flux of heavy particles at the northern and southern points is 1-2 min-1 per eye, and the efficiency for seeing HZE particles which were below the Cerenkov threshold is 50%.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., USA.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Budinger
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Huesman
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Upham
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wieskamp
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D020450:Heavy Ions; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008280:Magnetics; D010719:Phosphenes / Q000502:physiology*; D011522:Protons; D012160:Retina / Q000528:radiation effects; D019445:Solar Activity; D013020:South America; D013026:Space Flight; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D011522:Protons