title: An in vitro model to study the pathogenesis of the early endometriosis lesion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if whole fragments of endometrium can adhere to peritoneum with intact mesothelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue culture and immunohistochemical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive-age women undergoing surgery for benign conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole explants of human peritoneum from the anterior abdominal wall and the posterior surface of the uterus were cultured with whole fragments of mechanically dispersed endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adhesion of endometrial fragments to the surface of the peritoneum was evaluated. Adherent fragments of endometrium were identified using the dissecting microscope and by performing serial sections of the peritoneum explants for light and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining of the mesothelium with antibodies to cytokeratin and vimentin was used to ensure an intact layer of mesothelium beneath the endometrial implants. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to evaluate the adhesion of endometrium to the mesothelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endometrium was identified attached to the surface of the peritoneum. After 18-24 hours of culture, the majority of implants did not have identifiable mesothelium beneath them, but most had intact mesothelium running up to the point of attachment. Approximately 10% of the endometrial implants had intact mesothelium at the site of attachment. After 1 hour of culture, both endometrial stromal and epithelial cells were attached to intact mesothelium in nearly all cases. Early transmesothelial invasion involves endometrial stromal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometrial stromal and epithelial cells can attach to the intact mesothelial surface of the peritoneum. Endometrial stromal cell invasion through the mesothelium occurs in less than 18-24 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Witz
authors.forename: Herve
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dechaud
authors.forename: Iris A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Montoya-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Mika R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Anitha S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Victoria E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Centonze
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schenken
mesh_terms: D004715:Endometriosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008954:Models, Biological