title: A prospective trial of analgesia following endoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine has been shown to be superior to the use of a placebo for postoperative analgesia following endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of postoperative analgesia by local wound infiltration to instillation of the extraperitoneal space with bupivacaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1 September 1999 and 2 June 2000, a total of 100 patients who underwent unilateral endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasties were recruited to receive either local wound infiltration with 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (group I, n = 50) or instillation of the extraperitoneal space with 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine after mesh placement (group II, n = 50). Daily postoperative pain was assessed by visual analogue pain score on a scale from 0 to 10 at rest and upon coughing. Total amount of oral analgesic consumed and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison of daily pain scores of the two groups at rest and upon coughing showed no significant difference (p = ns). The mean number of oral analgesic tablets consumed were 3.2 +/- 0.5 (SEM) and 3.3 +/- 0.5 (SEM) in groups I and II, respectively (p = ns). During follow-up, asympatomatic groin collections were more common in group II (n = 4) than group I (n = 2) (p = ns).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to local wound infiltration with bupivacaine, the extraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine did not bestow any additional analgesic benefits. Therefore, the routine infiltration of skin incisions with bupivacaine is recommended after endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Tung Wah Hospital, 12 Po Yan Street, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong SAR. lauh@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yuen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine