title: Control of adaptive immune responses by Toll-like receptors.
abstract: Recently, there has been considerable interest in how adaptive immune responses are controlled by the innate immune system. In particular, researchers have focused on how the differentiation of CD4 T cells is directed upon priming by dendritic cells. The identification of the Toll-like receptors as a family of pattern-recognition receptors involved in controlling dendritic cell activation has focused attention on these receptors as possible regulators of adaptive immune responses. However, recent studies have suggested that Toll-like receptors may only control the induction of Th1 responses and that a separate system of recognition regulates Th2 responses.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 458, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. gregory.barton@yale.edu
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medzhitov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors