title: Brain potential signs of slowed stimulus processing following cholecystokinin in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide which is colocalized with dopamine (DA) in neurons of the mesolimbic-frontocortical and nigrostriatal DA system. In animals CCK enhances DA activity in these systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the effects of a single intranasal administration of CCK-8 on auditory brain potential (AEP) signs of cognitive processing and on motor performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), known to originate from degeneration of DA neurons primarily in the nigrostriatal DA system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen PD patients were examined after medication withdrawal, on two occasions after administration of placebo and 25 microg CCK-8, and compared with healthy controls matched for age and sex. AEPs were recorded while subjects performed an attention task (oddball paradigm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the placebo condition, AEPs in the PD patients did not show marked alteration but were rather comparable to those in the controls. In healthy controls, CCK-8 enhanced the P3 complex ( P<0.05) and shortened latencies of the N2 and P3 components of the AEP evoked by task relevant target stimuli ( P<0.05). Contrary to expectations, in PD patients these AEP components were distinctly delayed after CCK-8 ( P<0.05). Motor performance was not changed by CCK-8 in PD patients or in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data indicate a deleterious rather than beneficial effect of CCK on cognitive processing in PD patients that might result from a prevailing effect of the neuropeptide on transmitter systems (e.g. GABAergic) other than the DA system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Medical University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Hs. 23a, 23538, Germany.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smolnik
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagenah
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kis
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vieregge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin