title: The use of ramus autogenous block grafts for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation and implant placement: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study presents a clinical, radiographic, laboratory, and histologic/histomorphometric analysis of the use of mandibular ramus block autografts for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation and implant placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autogenous block autografts were fixed at the recipient site with fixation screws while a mixture of autogenous bone marrow and inorganic bovine material (Bio-Oss) was used at the periphery. All grafts appeared well incorporated at the recipient site during reentry surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiographic measurements revealed an average of 6.12 mm vertical ridge augmentation 1 month after surgery and 5.12 mm 4 to 6 months after surgery. Laboratory volumetric measurements revealed an average of 0.91 mL alveolar ridge augmentation 1 month after surgery and 0.75 mL 6 months postoperatively. Linear laboratory measurements revealed 6.12 mm of vertical ridge augmentation 1 month postoperatively and 4.37 mm 4 to 6 months after surgery. Histologic evaluation indicated signs of active remodeling in all the specimens. Histomorphometric analysis of the peripheral particulate bone indicated bone present at 34.33% of the grafted area, while 42.17% of the area was occupied by fibrous tissue and 23.50% by residual Bio-Oss particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated the potential of mandibular block autografts harvested from the ascending ramus to maintain their vitality. Volumetric resorption rate of 17.58% and radiographic resorption rate of 16.34% were in accordance with previously published literature. Early exposure appeared to compromise the results, while late exposures did not affect the vitality of the block autografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mandibular block autografts can maintain their vitality when used for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation. Inorganic bovine mineral (Bio-Oss) can be used at the periphery of the block graft when mixed with autogenous bone marrow.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University, California 92350, USA. pProussaefs@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proussaefs
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lozada
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rohrer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals