title: Enamel matrix proteins in the regenerative therapy of deep intrabony defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of papilla preservation flap surgery with or without the application of enamel matrix proteins (EMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  172 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis were recruited in 12 centers in 7 countries. All patients had at least one intrabony defect of > or =3mm. Heavy smokers (> or =20 cigarettes/day) were excluded. The surgical procedures included access for root instrumentation using either the simplified or the modified papilla preservation flap in order to obtain optimal tissue adaptation and primary closure. After debridement, roots were conditioned for 2 min with a gel containing 24% EDTA. EMD was applied in the test subjects, and omitted in the controls. Postsurgically, a strict plaque control protocol was followed. At baseline and 1 year following the interventions, clinical attachment levels (CAL), pocket probing depths (PPD), recession (REC), full-mouth plaque scores and full-mouth bleeding scores were assessed. A total of 166 patients were available for the 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 86 test and 86 control patients presented with similar subject and defect characteristics. On average, the test defects gained 3.1+/-1.5 mm of CAL, while the control defects yielded a significantly lower CAL gain of 2.5+/-1.5 mm. Pocket reduction was also significantly higher in the test group (3.9+/-1.7 mm) when compared to the controls (3.3+/-1.7 mm). A multivariate analysis indicated that the treatment, the clinical centers, cigarette smoking, baseline PPD, and defect corticalisation significantly influenced CAL gains. A frequency distribution analysis of the studied outcomes indicated that EMD increased the predictability of clinically significant results (CAL gains > or =4 mm) and decreased the probability of obtaining negligible or no gains in CAL (CAL gains <2 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this trial indicated that regenerative periodontal surgery with EMD offers an additional benefit in terms of CAL gains, PPD reductions and predictability of outcomes with respect to papilla preservation flaps alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK. M.Tonetti@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Maurizio S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tonetti
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortellini
authors.forename: Jean E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Suvan
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adriaens
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dubravec
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fonzar
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fourmousis
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiedemann
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Topoll
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vangsted
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wallkamm
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000601:surgery; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000601:surgery; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000601:surgery; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D004492:Edetic Acid