title: Inborn errors of metabolism in the Italian pediatric population: a national retrospective survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate at the national level the overall and disease-specific incidence of inborn errors of metabolism not mass screened at birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective nonconcurrent study (1985-1997) on patients 0 to 17 years of age, diagnosed in 23 Italian pediatric reference centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases (n = 1935) were recruited representing an incidence of 1:3707 live births for approximately 200 diseases. In the last 5 years the incidence was 1:2758, reflecting improved diagnostic facilities, better coverage, increased medical awareness, and newly discovered diseases. In this period, the most frequent classes of diseases were lysosomal storage disease, 1:8275; disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, 1:19,532; organic acidopathies, 1:21,422; and primary lactic acidemias, 1:27,106. The most frequent individual diseases were Gaucher type I, 1:40,247; glycogenosis type 1a, 1:57,746; methylmalonic acidurias, 1:61,775; and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, 1:69,904. The incidence of diseases potentially identifiable with the use of a new neonatal mass screening technique is 1:6200. Of surviving patients, 11% reached adulthood by the end of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inborn errors of metabolism constitute a highly heterogeneous category of rare diseases, representing a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. This study quantifies the minimum size of the disease burden, providing useful tools for public health and health policy planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dionisi-Vici
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Alberto B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Burlina
authors.forename: Ubaldo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sabetta
authors.forename: Graziella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uziel
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abeni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies