title: Convulsions and retinal haemorrhage: should we look further?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of retinal haemorrhages after convulsions is not well established. As these haemorrhages are considered characteristic of child abuse, we investigated their occurrence after convulsive episodes to see whether the finding of haemorrhage should prompt further investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 153 children (aged 2 months to 2 years), seen in the emergency department after a convulsive episode. After a thorough history and physical examination, a retinal examination was performed by an ophthalmologist. If findings were positive, further investigation was undertaken to rule out systemic disorder or child abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One child was found with unilateral retinal haemorrhages following an episode of a simple febrile convulsion. A thorough investigation uncovered no other reason for this finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal haemorrhages following a convulsive episode are rare. Such a finding should trigger an extensive search for other reasons, including child abuse.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. meir.mei-zahav@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mei-Zahav
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uziel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ginot
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wolach
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fainmesser
mesh_terms: D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications*