title: Is cardiovascular disease a risk factor in the development of axonal polyneuropathy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if cardiovascular disease may be a risk factor in the development of chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this incidence case-control study, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in 97 patients with CIAP (mean age 67.5 (SD 7.9) years) and the prevalence of neuropathic features in 97 patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (mean age 67.1 (SD 7.3) years) were investigated. The results were compared with those for 96 age and sex matched controls without diagnosed PAD or polyneuropathy (mean age 67.5 (SD 9.1) years). In a randomly chosen subgroup of 23 patients with CIAP, 42 patients with PAD, and 48 controls, an electrodiagnostic investigation was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CIAP more often had manifest cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors than controls (stroke 18% v 6% of patients, odds ratio (OR) 3.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 5.9); heart disease 29% v 15%, OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 4.9); family history of cardiovascular disease 42% v 21%, OR 2.8 (95% CI (1.5 to 5.2); hypertension 56% v 39%, OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.6); hypercholesterolaemia 46% v 21%, OR 3.3 (95% CI 1.5 to 7.3); current smoking 38% v 23%, OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.9)). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors was lower than in patients with PAD. Patients with PAD more often had polyneuropathy than controls (15% v 5%, OR 3.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 10.0)). There was a trend towards lower nerve conduction velocities and lower amplitudes on electrodiagnostic investigation compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that cardiovascular disease and CIAP often coexist, and therefore cardiovascular disease may be a cofactor in the development of CIAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. l.l.teunissen@neuro.azu.nl
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Teunissen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Franssen
authors.forename: J H J
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wokke
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: W H J P
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Linssen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Banga
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Laman
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Notermans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011115:Polyneuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors