title: Hypoglycemic efficacy of pulmonary delivered insulin dry powder aerosol in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the hypoglycemic efficacy of pulmonary delivery of insulin in dry powder aerosol form.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin dry powder, made of insulin and other proper materials, was insufflated in rat lung from an incision in the throat. Meanwhile, insulin injection was administered to other rats. Glucose concentration in blood was determined in the following 7 h. The areas above the curve (AAC) of glucose concentration in blood were used to evaluate the efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percent minimum blood glucose levels, compared with the glucose levels before the administration, for pulmonary deliver ed insulin at the doses of 20, 10, 5, and 2.5 U/kg were 6.5 %, 16.6 %, 24.6 %, and 57.0 %, respectively. The AAC of insulin 5 U/kg by pulmonary delivery was very close to that of subcutaneous administration at the same dose. There was a linear relationship between AAC and the logarithmic dose of pulmonary delivered insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pulmonary delivery of insulin acts effectively and rapidly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China. chenxj@jlonline.com
authors.forename: Xi-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jia-Bi
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Guang-Ji
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fu-Meng
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cheng-Xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yue-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011208:Powders; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D011208:Powders