title: Transfection of glucosylceramide synthase antisense inhibits mouse melanoma formation.
abstract: MEB4 murine melanoma cells synthesize G(M3) as the major ganglioside. Inhibition of G(M3) synthesis by a specific glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor resulted in reduced tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of these cells. We used a molecular approach--antisense transfection targeting the glucosylceramide synthase gene--to regulate glycosphingolipid synthesis by MEB4 cells and examine the influence on tumor formation. Antisense transfection inhibited the synthesis of the direct product of glucosylceramide synthase, glucosylceramide, and consequently G(M3) ganglioside, by MEB4 cells, reducing the concentration of G(M3) in the transfectants by up to 58%. Although neither morphology nor proliferation kinetics of the cultured cells was affected, the inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis and reduction of total ganglioside content caused a striking reduction in melanoma formation in mice. Only 1/60 (2%) of mice injected ID with 10(4) antisense-transfected MA173 cells formed a tumor, compared to 31/60 (52%) of mice receiving MEB4 cells and 7/15 (47%) of mice receiving the MS2 sense-transfected cells (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). These findings demonstrate that stable transfection of glucosylceramide synthase antisense reduces cellular glycosphingolipid levels and reduces tumorigenicity, providing further experimental support for an enhancing role of gangliosides in tumor formation.
authors.affiliation: Glycobiology Program, Center for Cancer and Transplantation Biology, Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ruixiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrera
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ladisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000378:metabolism; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008527:Medulloblastoma; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005732:Gangliosides; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C023246:ceramide glucosyltransferase