title: [Three-dimensional techniques in orthopedic ultrasonography].
abstract: Three-dimensional ultrasonography is not yet an established method in soft tissue and joint diagnostics as it is in obstetrics. Although a spatial view on the object is fascinating, problems occur in handling. No standard is defined for acquisition or visualisation. For the acquisition of the volume mainly 3D-arrays and image correlation techniques are used. For visualisation planar views of sections out of the volume, but also spatial views in a transparency or surface mode are used. Investigations on feasibility for soft tissue or joints show a higher accuracy, validity and reproducibility for 3D-sonography. Due to the low differences of the acoustic impedance visualisation is confusing in a transparency mode and needs a time consuming postprocessing in a surface mode. Future developments address to the field of faster acquisition ("real time 3D"), higher geometric precision and easier visualisation by automated segmentation. By the three-dimensionality of the data set applications in telematics, navigation and simulation ("sonographic training") are expected.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Pius-Hospital, Georgstr. 12, 26121 Oldenburg.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lazovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007596:Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009985:Orthopedics; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging