title: The effect of brief neonatal exposure to cows' milk on atopic symptoms up to age 5.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of brief early exposure to cows' milk on the expression of atopy during the first five years of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow up analysis of a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised feeding intervention trial (BOKAAL study). Subjects were 1108 children from 1533 initially randomised breast fed neonates in the Netherlands. Atopic disease and prevalence of allergic symptoms at age 1, 2, and 5, and specific IgE at age 1 and 5 were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atopic disease in the first year was found in 10.0% (cows' milk) versus 9.3% (placebo) of the children, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.07. No differences were found in the second year either. At age 5, atopic disease was found in 26.3% (cows' milk) versus 25.0% (placebo), RR 1.05. There was no difference in the prevalence of allergic symptoms. Specific IgE to cows' milk (RAST positive 2+ or more) was 5.8% (cows' milk) versus 4.1% (placebo) at age 1 (RR 1.43), and 5.3% versus 3.0% at age 5 (RR 1.77). There was no difference in sensitisation to other common allergens between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early, brief exposure to cows' milk in breast fed children is not associated with atopic disease or allergic symptoms up to age 5.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Health Group, University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: V T M
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Scharp-Van Der Linden
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aalberse
authors.forename: H S A
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunekreef
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G