title: Five year results of a prospective very low calorie diet or conventional weight loss programme in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To complete 5-year follow-up of an intensive weight loss programme in established type 2 diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five obese type 2 diabetic subjects, Body mass index (BMI) > 30, expressed interest in an intensive weight loss programme. Group 1 comprised 15 who selected very low calorie diet (VLCD), Group 2, 15 selected intensive conventional diet and exercise (ICD), 15 failed to follow either programme. Group sessions of eight to 15 subjects continued weekly for 6 months, then monthly for 12 months with prospective recording at 3, 6 and 12 months and then annually of quality of life, BMI, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum fructosamine and serum lipids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight loss was slower in the intensive conventional diet group than in the VLCD group, but better maintained at 5 years: group 1, 4.8 +/- 6 kg; group 2, 8.9 +/- 4 kg. In the intensive conventional diet group, 5 year high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased 1.78 +/- 0.26 mmol L-1 vs. 1.10 +/- 0.32 mmol L-1 at baseline, and diastolic blood pressure reduced 74.5 +/- 13.3 vs. 85.5 +/- 13.3 at baseline, both P < 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Out-patient VLCD treatment proved safe and effective in overweight diabetic subjects but those who chose conventional diet and exercise had a slower but more sustained weight loss. Diabetic patients willing to attempt VLCD may safely lose sufficient weight to allow major surgery, but weight regain is inevitable. Patients willing to undertake a long-term group programme of conventional diet can sustain significant weight loss for 5 years, but still require antidiabetic medication.
authors.affiliation: The Diabetes Research Group, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK. richard.paisey@sdevonhc-tr.sweat.nhs.uk
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Paisey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paisey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Paisey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Belka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000178:diet therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology