title: Endometritis: the clinical-pathologic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically proved endometritis as a clinical syndrome that is distinct from laparoscopically confirmed salpingitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of 152 women in an urban hospital with a suspected pelvic inflammatory disease. All women provided a standardized medical history and underwent physical examination, endometrial biopsy, and laparoscopy. We defined endometritis by the presence of plasma cells in endometrial stroma and neutrophils in the endometrial epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 152 women who were enrolled, 43 women had neither endometritis nor salpingitis; 26 women had endometritis alone without salpingitis, and 83 women had salpingitis. Those women with endometritis alone more often had douched recently, had a current intrauterine device, and were in menstrual cycle day 1 to 7, compared with women with no endometritis or salpingitis (P =.007,.04,.005, respectively) or women with acute salpingitis (P =.03,.01,.02, respectively). Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis was found more frequently in women with endometritis alone than in women with no endometritis or salpingitis (P <.001) and less frequently than in women with salpingitis (P =.05). Lower quadrant, adnexal, cervical motion, rebound tenderness, peritonitis, tenderness score, fever, and laboratory abnormalities that indicated inflammation and detection of gonorrheal or chlamydial infection were significantly less common in women with endometritis alone than in women with salpingitis but were somewhat more common in women with endometritis alone than among women with no salpingitis or endometritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among women with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease, the histopathologic manifestations of endometritis were associated with clinical manifestations, infection, and specific risk factors that were intermediate in frequency between women with salpingitis and women with neither endometritis nor salpingitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104-2499, USA.
authors.forename: Linda O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: Pål K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Wölner-Hanssen
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kiviat
authors.forename: Judy N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wasserheit
authors.forename: Jorma A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Paavonen
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Eschenbach
authors.forename: King K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004716:Endometritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000473:pathology; D012488:Salpingitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology; D014505:Urban Population