[Cracow medical press in the time of foreign domination in Poland (1795-1918) in the light of statistic analysis].
In the years 1795-1918 thirty-one periodicals dedicated to medicine and health resorts were issued. The "Annual report of issues and activities of the surgical and obstetrical clinic of the Jagiellonian University" [Rocznik obejmujacy zdanie spraw i czynności kliniki chirurgicznej i połozniczej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego] (1831-1834) was the first one and it was followed by the "Cracow Pharmaceutical Memoirs" [Pamietnik Farmaceutyczny Krakowski] (1834-1836). An average period of existence of Cracow medical journals and papers was 6.3 years and was nearly twice as long as an average period calculated for the whole Cracow press. It is a very interesting phenomenon as we are speaking about periodicals, which - because of their content - could not be so widely read and could not have such a big circulation, as very popular "Czas" [Time] or "Illustrowany Kuryer Codzienny" [Illustrated Daily Courier]. Among the medical press we can find 4 papers and 27 periodicals. There appeared also 3 medical calendars in Cracow. The medical periodicals were as follows: three weekly magazines (11.1%), ten fortnightly publications (37%), six monthly magazines (22.2%), two quarterlies (7.3%) and six annuals (22.2%). The four daily St. papers were issued for a very short time and had a specific character as these publications were prepared on the occasion of medical and scientific conferences held in Cracow. Taking into consideration content of the published information we can divide the Cracow medical press into: general medical titles (12 publications - 38.7%), periodicals dedicated to widely comprehended popularization of health and hygiene (5 publications - 16.1%), specialist periodicals related to detailed branches of medical knowledge (5 publications - 16.1%), pharmaceutical journals (2 titles - 6.5%) and publications on balneology, health resorts and nursing homes in Galicia (7.22%). From among 47 journalists working in the Cracow medical press and performing functions of editor, editor-in-chief or publisher only three persons had not medical education and three other persons have not been identified. So, 41 (87.2%) editors and publishers of the Cracow medical press had university level medical education; five of them were pharmacists and 36 (97.3%) medical doctors. Mainly natural persons were editors of the medical magazines. Only in five (16.1 %) cases legal persons were responsible for publications. Instead, legal persons dominated among publishers - 17 titles (54.8%).
Jakubek
M
M
D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000266:history*; D011044:Poland; D011057:Politics