title: Facial fractures and related injuries: a ten-year retrospective analysis.
abstract: A retrospective analysis of 828 patients with significant midface or mandibular fractures was undertaken to illustrate the multisystem nature of traumatic injuries associated with fracture of the facial skeleton, covering the period from 1985 to 1994. Special emphasis was placed on determining associated injuries sustained as well as epidemiological information. The experience presented differs from other large series in the literature in that the predominant mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents (67%) rather than assaults. Of the patients reviewed, 89% sustained significant associated injuries. Closed head trauma with documented loss of consciousness was noted most frequently (40%), followed by extremity fractures (33%), thoracic trauma (29%), and traumatic brain injuries (25%). Only 11% of patients sustained facial fractures without concomitant injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Box 3974, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Mansfeld
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Clinton
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology