title: Gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not more time-consuming.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although abdominal wall retraction is said to be advantageous in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), many surgeons have found that, when this option is chosen, more time is needed to prepare for and carry out the surgical procedure. Our aim was to determine the time required for surgical preparation and operation in patients undergoing LC with carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum (CO2 PP) vs abdominal wall retraction (AWR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective randomized study of a CO2 PP LC group (n = 19) vs an AWR LC group (n = 15). Demographic data were collected preoperatively. LC was performed with either CO2 PP (12 mmHg) or AWR (6-10 kps). Two phases were considered: (a) time employed to create the surgical field (phase 1) and (b) operating time (phase 2). The chi-square test was used to compare the medians of the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were homogeneous. Phase 1 required 35 min in the CO2 PP group vs 25 min in the AWR group (p = 0.24). Phase 2 required 60 min in both groups (p = 0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no statistically significant difference between the PP CO2 and AWR groups in either time spent to create the surgical field or actual operating time.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato DigestivoI, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/ Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. ortosh@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Oshiro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayol
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Aparicio Medrano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rabadán Ruiz
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sanjuan Garcia
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez Fdez-Represa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide