title: Renal ischemia-reperfusion increases endothelial VEGFR-2 without increasing VEGF or VEGFR-1 expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoxia is a potent stimulus to angiogenesis. Expression of the angiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) is up-regulated by hypoxia in a variety of organs and cell lines. We have previously reported that VEGF expression is not increased in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, although tubular cells concentrate VEGF at their basolateral surface. In this study we assess whether altered VEGF receptor expression compensates for the lack of VEGF regulation during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  VEGFR-1 mRNA expression was assessed by Northern blotting and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). VEGFR-2 mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH), while VEGFR-2 protein expression was studied using immunohistochemistry. VEGF mRNA expression was assessed by ISH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGFR-2 mRNA and protein expression were up-regulated without an increase in VEGF or VEGFR-1 expression. Normal kidneys showed low-level VEGFR-2 mRNA and protein expression in glomerular and peritubular endothelium. Following ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion, a marked increase in VEGFR-2 mRNA and protein expression was seen (2- to 4-fold). Most prominent was VEGFR-2 mRNA up-regulation in the glomerulus although, surprisingly, increased protein was not demonstrated here. ISH showed that VEGF mRNA was not up-regulated in this model, confirming our previous findings for VEGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF and VEGFR-1 expression are not increased by renal ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instead, endothelial expression of VEGFR-2 is increased. VEGFR-2 up-regulation in renal ischemia-reperfusion may be important in mediating the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic actions of VEGF on endothelial cells, thereby preserving the integrity of the endothelium and the potential for blood supply to ischemic tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Austin and Repatriation Medical Center, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanellis
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paizis
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stacker
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Power
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1