Time-action analysis of instrument positioners in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
BACKGROUND
Instrument positioners can position and lock a laparoscopic instrument. This study uses time-action analysis to evaluate objectively whether IPs can substitute for a surgical assistant efficiently and safely.


METHODS
In four hospitals, 78 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were randomly assisted by a surgical assistant or an instrument positioner (AESOP and PASSIST) The efficiency and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomies were analyzed with respect to time, number and type of actions, positioning accuracy, and peroperative complications. A questionnaire evaluated the difficulties for each operation and the comfort of instrument positioner use.


RESULTS
The PASSIST and AESOP were able to replace the surgical assistant during laparoscopic cholecystectomies without significantly changing either the efficiency or the safety of the operation. The questionnaire showed that the surgeons preferred to operate with an instrument positioner.


CONCLUSIONS
This study assessed objectively that instrument positioners can substitute for a surgical assistant efficiently and safely in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
den Boer
K T
KT
Faculty of Design, Engineering and Production, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Bruijn
M
M
Jaspers
J E
JE
Stassen
L P S
LP
Erp
W F M
WF
Jansen
A
A
Go
P M N Y H
PM
Dankelman
J
J
Gouma
D J
DJ
D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors