title: Analysis of early complications after radical cystectomy: results of a collaborative care pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined our recent series of patients who underwent radical cystectomy to determine and analyze the early perioperative morbidity of the procedure in a contemporary series treated with the guidance of a clinical pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 304 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy from December 1995 to July 2000. We specifically evaluated complications that developed within 30 days of the procedure. Potential variables predictive of early morbidity were analyzed, including patient age, gender, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, type of urinary diversion, smoking history, estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement, pathological stage and operative time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall minor complication rate was 30.9% (94 of 304 patients). Postoperative ileus was the most common minor complication, affecting 54 patients (18%). Increased blood loss and major complications predicted a significantly higher likelihood of ileus on multivariate analysis (p = 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). Major complications in 15 patients (4.9%) correlated with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score, surgical intensive care unit admission and transfusion requirement (p = 0.01, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). The early mortality rate was 0.3% (1 patient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the framework of a clinical pathway, radical cystectomy can be performed safely with an acceptable rate of early minor and major complications. Delay in the return of bowel function is the most common minor complication. Increased estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement and a major complication predicted a higher likelihood of postoperative ileus. The acceptable rate of early morbidity in this series in a 5-year period validates its use in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery and Patient Care Services, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cookson
authors.forename: Roxelyn G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000503:physiopathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D019091:Critical Pathways; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007418:Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013714:Tennessee; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion