title: Dye injection for predicting pesticide movement in micro-irrigated polyethylene film mulch beds.
abstract: A new method is described for tracing water movement in polyethylene film covered soil beds. Dye was delivered via a drip tape micro-irrigation system which was placed in the bed as the soil beds were shaped and covered with polyethylene film. The dye was injected into the system and irrigated with water for 4-24 h at 0.41-1.38 bar (41-138 kPa) pressure depending on the experiment. The dye appeared as blue circles on the soil surface within 20 min of injection and produced a three-dimensional pattern in the soil profile. Injection-irrigation-pressure scenarios were evaluated by measuring dye movement directly below and between emitters by sliding fabricated blades vertically into the bed at the desired examination point and excavating the soil away from the blade. The dye typically produced a U shape on the face of the bed and the area was calculated for each of these exposed faces. The area increased as the length of irrigation and water pressure increased. Interrupted irrigation (pulsing) scenarios did not alter the calculated areas encompassed by the dye compared to uninterrupted irrigation scenarios. The blue dye provided a direct, inexpensive and easy method of visualizing water movement in soil beds. This information will be used to optimize application of emulsifiable plant-care products in polyethylene film mulch beds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA. csinos@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Csinos
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Laska
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Childers
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D020959:Polyethylene; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D020959:Polyethylene