title: Liver metastases are less established after gasless laparoscopy than after carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and laparotomy in a mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the liver is the most frequent site of cancer recurrence after conventional open surgery for colorectal cancer, the effect of laparoscopic procedures with or without gas insufflation on the development of liver metastases is largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male BALB/C mice inoculated intraportally with colon 26 cells were randomized to undergo carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum (n = 14), abdominal wall lifting (n = 14), or full laparotomy (n = 12), or to serve as control subjects without any procedures other than tumor inoculation (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth of liver metastases 14 days after surgery was enhanced after full laparotomy (p < 0.01) and pneumoperitoneum (p = 0.02), as compared with that in the control subjects, whereas there was no difference in the growth of liver metastases between abdominal wall lifting and the control condition (p = 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the defense against liver metastasis is better preserved after the gasless procedure than after laparotomy and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in the reported animal model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, 1981 Kamoda Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoshino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide