title: Photodegradation of the herbicide EPTC and the safener dichlormid, alone and in combination.
abstract: Photodegradation of the herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl-N, N-dipropylthiocarbamate), and the safener dichlormid (2,2-dichloro-N, N-diallylacetamide) has been examined in methanol and in water solutions. Irradiation of EPTC and dichlormid with UV light at 254 nm caused rapid degradation in both media. Remarkable and gradual changes in color of EPTC irradiated solution was observed from clear to yellow then to intense orange. EPTC half-life of elimination in water was 14.0, and 18.5 min, and in methanol 37.2 and 32.2 min, when irradiated with and without dichlormid, respectively. There was significant difference between rate of EPTC degradation in water and methanol in the presence or in the absence of dichlormid. Negligible degradation of EPTC or dichlormid at > 290 nm was observed. Photoproducts were separated and identified using GC or/and thin-layer chromatography then identified using mass spectrometry. It appeared that some products have high molecular weight that formed as a result of dimerization. This is possibly a result of the coupling of radicals that formed through EPTC degradation. The cleavage of C-S and C-N bonds accounted for the formation of these radicals. Gradual dealkylation of the acid chains of EPTC has also occurred. EPTC-sulfoxide, EPTC-sulfone, Propylamine and dipropylamine were detected as photoproducts of EPTC at 254 nm. Dichlormid pathways of degradation at 254 nm were characterized as dechlorination, dealkylation, and hydrolysis both in water and methanol. The findings showed that dichlormid did not significantly affect EPTC photodegradation either at 254 nm or at > 290 nm. The biological/toxicological properties of the photoproducts need further study, particularly the dimer compounds.
authors.affiliation: Environmental, Agricultural and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. abuqa001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Aqel W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Abu-Qare
authors.forename: Harry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D000432:Methanol; D010777:Photochemistry; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C006284:dichlormid; C036251:EPTC; D000432:Methanol