title: Intraoperative micro- and macrostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Studying the clinical effects induced by electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) area in a parkinsonian patient under local anesthesia is a mandatory step to determine the precise location of the final chronic electrode. Using multiple microelectrodes, preferably in a concentric parallel array allows a precise mapping of the STN region. The most reliable features to determine the suitable target are stimulation-induced dyskinesias and rigidity decrease at a low intensity without adverse effects or only at far higher intensities. New skills are needed to assess all stimulation-induced effects and interpret them in anatomo-functional terms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France. pierre.pollak@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krack
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fraix
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabardes
authors.forename: Alim-Louis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Benabid
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008839:Microelectrodes; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*