title: Electrophysiology of spatial scene analysis: the mismatch negativity (MMN) is sensitive to the ventriloquism illusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ventriloquism effect is the tendency to underestimate the spatial separation between synchronous auditory and visual signals moderately separated in space. If, as it is thought, this effect is pre-attentive, it could modulate the mismatch negativity (MMN) that indexes the automatic, pre-attentive detection of deviant auditory stimuli rarely occurring in a sequence of standard stimuli. We assessed the existence of an MMN evoked by auditory and visual signals made up of standard sounds coming from the same location as the visual signal and deviant sounds coming from lateral deviations (20 or 60 degrees). As first observed in a behavioral study, a ventriloquism effect occurred for 20 degrees spatial separation but not for 60 degrees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical evoked potentials were recorded using the oddball paradigm on 8 adults in auditory alone and audiovisual conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the auditory alone condition, each spatial localization contrast elicited a significant MMN. In the audiovisual condition, a significant MMN was only evoked for the 60 degrees contrasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MMN evoked by spatial separation contrasts (20 and 60 degrees) in the auditory alone condition was suppressed by the corresponding audiovisual condition only when the latter yielded a ventriloquism effect, suggesting that this effect occurs at an early perceptual level.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Cognitive Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 191, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium. ccolin@ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radeau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soquet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dachy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deltenre
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology*