title: Medium-term results after cholecystectomy in patients younger than 10 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallbladder stones are a well-known and widely studied problem in children. Hematological disorders are the most common diseases that can cause cholelithiasis. However, in the last few years, the proportion of children with idiopathic cholelithiasis has increased 50%. Herein, we present a prospective study on laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a selected group of patients aged < 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight patients aged < 10 years underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for stones in the period 1992-99. The female/male ratio was 1.5, the mean age was 8 years (range, 2-10), and the mean weight was 30 kg. In all patients, parenteral nutrition, fasting state, and prolonged use of antibiotics had been suspended for > or = 6 months, and conservative treatment had been tried for > or = 12 months in the absence of symptoms of stone migration. All the patients were followed up after surgery: clinically at 1,6,12, and 36 months and by ultrasound at 1, 12, and 36 months. Liver function and hematological tests were performed in case of symptoms or if hemolytic disorders were the cause of stones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 63 min (range, 30-120) in children undergoing cholecystectomy alone and 150 min in children undergoing associated splenectomy. There were no major complications or reoperations. Minor complications included bleeding from accessory cystic artery (n = 3) and insufflation of the omentum (n = 2). One case was converted to an open procedure due to technical problems. All the children were followed up and no complications were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider the laparoscopic approach the gold standard for cholecystectomy in children. This procedure does not have a complication rate any higher than open cholecystectomy, and patient follow-up is as good as that of open surgery. Previous abdominal surgery is not a contraindication to laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgical Unit, Giannina Gaslini Research Institute, University of Genova,School of Pediatric Surgery, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16100 Genova, Italy. girolamomattioli@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Repetto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carlini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montobbio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagnazzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barabino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gandullia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jasonni
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods