Overexpression of the myelin proteolipid protein leads to accumulation of cholesterol and proteolipid protein in endosomes/lysosomes: implications for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease.
Duplications and overexpression of the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene are known to cause the dysmyelinating disorder Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). To understand the cellular response to overexpressed PLP in PMD, we have overexpressed PLP in BHK cells and primary cultures of oligodendrocytes with the Semliki Forest virus expression system. Overexpressed PLP was routed to late endosomes/lysosomes and caused a sequestration of cholesterol in these compartments. Similar results were seen in transgenic mice overexpressing PLP. With time, the endosomal/lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and PLP led to an increase in the amount of detergent-insoluble cellular cholesterol and PLP. In addition, two fluorescent sphingolipids, BODIPY-lactosylceramide and -galactosylceramide, which under normal conditions are sorted to the Golgi apparatus, were missorted to perinuclear structures. This was also the case for the lipid raft marker glucosylphosphatidylinositol-yellow fluorescence protein, which under normal steady-state conditions is localized on the plasma membrane and to the Golgi complex. Taken together, we show that overexpression of PLP leads to the formation of endosomal/lysosomal accumulations of cholesterol and PLP, accompanied by the mistrafficking of raft components. We propose that these accumulations perturb the process of myelination and impair the viability of oligodendrocytes.
Simons
Mikael
M
Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. mika.simons@uni-tuebingen.de
Kramer
Eva-Maria
EM
Macchi
Paolo
P
Rathke-Hartlieb
Silvia
S
Trotter
Jacqueline
J
Nave
Klaus-Armin
KA
Schulz
Jorg B
JB
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002793:Cholic Acids; D006224:Cricetinae; D011992:Endosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020371:Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility
D002793:Cholic Acids; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; C028213:3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate