title: Orbitocraniofacial gunshot wounds: craniofacial reconstruction and preparation of the anophthalmic socket.
abstract: This article is a retrospective clinical and radiographic analysis of four patients who survived high caliber orbitocraniofacial gunshot injuries. Early multidisciplinary craniofacial reconstruction included repair of comminuted orbital fractures with multiple autogenous bone grafts and/or porous polyethylene implants, enucleation, and insertion of a hollow silicone sphere as an anophthalmic socket implant. Migration of the silicone implant occurred in one case, requiring replacement with an autogenous dermis fat graft. There were no cases of extrusion or infection. Socket motility remained limited in all cases, despite reapposition of the extraocular muscles. In two cases with autogenous bone grafts along the orbital roof, there was no radiographic evidence of graft resorption after three years. Soft tissue volume deficiency and superior sulcus deformity developed in the three cases which were followed for more than six months. Despite these limitations, all four patients are wearing comfortable ocular prostheses. The postoperative results support immediate preparation of the anophthalmic socket after craniofacial reconstruction of these injuries.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rizzuto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goodrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamo
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000328:Adult; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000601:surgery; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000601:surgery; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012828:Silicones; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D012828:Silicones; D020959:Polyethylene