title: [Keeping of bears and big cats in the zoo and circus].
abstract: The exhibition of bears and big cats in zoo and circus causes regular criticism, justified and unjustified, by people engaged in the prevention of cruelty to animals. Main points of critique are holding conditions, feeding and health status of the animals. The official veterinarian involved in the supervision often needs the cooperation of a specialised zoo veterinarian. In most cases the clinical examination of bears and big cats requires an immobilisation. This article will enter into some of the most common holding problems and diseases of big carnivores in zoo and circus.
authors.affiliation: Zoologisch Botanischer Garten Wilhelma, Stuttgart. wolfram.rietschel@wilhelma.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rietschel
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D002335:Carnivora; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards; D001503:Ursidae