title: Fear of crime and health in residential tower blocks. A case study in Liverpool, UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Though it is often assumed that fear of crime erodes mental health, research evidence is limited. Our study seeks to assess the relationship between these attributes in residents of the city of Liverpool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evidence is drawn from a sample survey of 407 adults living in 21 tower blocks. A number of social and psychosocial attributes linked with feelings of safety are compared with self-reported health status using logistic and multiple regression techniques. Possible reciprocal relationships were investigated using two-stage least squares.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fear of crime in this sample is generally much lower in the home than in Britain as a whole and much higher out on the neighbouring streets at night, but there are sub-group variations. We find significant associations between fear of crime and health status. Feelings of safety when out alone after dark is the most consistent predictor of health status. Those feeling safe score significantly higher on all five dimensions of the SF-36 measure which cover mental and social well-being. Mental health is the strongest correlate and is probably a consequence rather than cause of feelings of safety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence suggests elderly residents believe tower blocks provide safe accommodation. However, feelings of safety in these 'fortresses' do not generally extend to walking in neighbouring streets. Fear of crime erodes quality of life and is associated with poorer health.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Regional Economic & Social Research, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK. G.Green@shu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gilbertson
authors.forename: Michael F J
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Grimsley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D006113:United Kingdom; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*