Peripheral LPS administrations up-regulate Fas and FasL on brain microglial cells: a brain protective or pathogenic event?
We evaluated the effect of single or repeated intraperitoneal daily LPS injections on expression of Fas/FasL system within the brain. Results obtained, utilizing real-time quantitative RT-PCR, show that, while a bolus injection of LPS robustly increases hippocampal Fas, but not FasL, mRNA expression, repeated LPS administrations also induce FasL up-regulation. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated, in turn, an increased number of Fas and FasL immunoreactive microglial cells within the brain parenchyma. The increase in FasL immunoreactivity was, in contrast to Fas, still evident 2 weeks following LPS wash-out. At all times, no Fas-positive immunoreactive neurons nor TUNEL-positive resident brain cells were observed. Collectively, these data provide further support for the existence of innate immune responses in brain and, in addition, raise the possibility that Fas and FasL are, within the brain parenchyma, differentially regulated.
Terrazzino
Salvatore
S
Research and Innovation Company, via Svizzera 16, 35127 Padua, Italy. tarrazzino@reasearchinnovation.com
Bauleo
Alessia
A
Baldan
Andrea
A
Leon
Alberta
A
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D037102:Lectins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D037102:Lectins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019014:fas Receptor