title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae among children in Beijing, China, 1999-2000.
abstract: A study on the nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenza among children was conducted in Beijing Children's Hospital from April to May 2000. The study included 292 children between 1 and 60 mo of age with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Nasopharyngeal swabs from these patients were cultured, and 105 Haemophilus influenzae strains were isolated, 3 of which were type b. Antibiotic susceptibility of the strains was determined using disk diffusion and E-tests and the results compared with those of isolates from children with pneumonia in 1999. The carriage rate of Haemophilus influenzae was 36.0% (105/292). It was found that 4.8% and 1.0% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefaclor, respectively, and 5.7%, 16.2% and 77.1% were resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and clarithromycin were uniformly active to all strains. Compared with the data from 1999, there was a significant increase in resistance to tetracycline (from 12.7% in 1999 to 16.2%) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (from 40.5% in 1999 to 77.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. influenzae isolates from outpatients in Beijing Children's Hospital had low ampicillin resistance and were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim resistance rates increased rapidly compared with those in the 1999 data. Further surveillance investigations are important for the choice of empiric therapy of acute respiratory tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing Children's Hospital, P R China. yiyunhu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002701:Chloramphenicol; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D002444:Cefuroxime