title: Effect of handpiece tip design on the cutting efficiency of an air abrasion system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nozzle angle and tip diameter on the cutting efficiency of an air abrasion system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six extracted human third molars were air-abraded with the PrepStar microabrasion machine using a handpiece with either 80 degrees or 45 degrees nozzle angles with 0.38 or 0.48 mm tip orifice diameters. The following parameters were held constant: abrasive particle size (27 microm), air pressure (80 psi), distance (2 mm) and duration (15 seconds). The cutting efficiency was compared using enamel, dentin and cementum substrates. Width and depth of the cutting patterns were analyzed and measured using scanning electron micrographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis using three-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range test revealed that the width of the cuts was significantly greater when the cavities were prepared using the 45 degrees nozzle angle. Significantly deeper cavities were produced with the 80 degrees nozzle angle. The tip orifice of the nozzle influenced the cutting efficiency in softer substrates, dentin and cementum. Precise removal of hard tissue is best accomplished using the 80 degrees angle nozzle tips for all types of tooth surfaces, enamel, dentin and cementum.
authors.affiliation: Araraquara Dental School-UNESP, SP, Brazil. lspinto@foar.unesp.br
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos-Pinto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peruchi
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Marker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003762:Dental Instruments; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric