[Imaging techniques and examination protocols in the pediatric emergency].
Paediatric emergencies demand a quick and efficient radiological investigation with special attention to specific adjustments related to patient age and radiation protection. Imaging modalities are improving rapidly and enable to diagnose childhood diseases and injuries more quickly, accurately and safely. This article provides an overview of imaging techniques adjusted to the age of the child and an overview of imaging strategies of common paediatric emergencies. Optimising the imaging parameters (digital radiography, different screen-film systems, exposure specifications) allows for substantial reduction of radiation dose. Spiral- and multislice-CT reduce scan time and enable a considerable reduction of radiation exposure if scanning parameters (pitch setting, tube current) are properly adjusted. MRI is still mainly used for neurological or spinal emergencies despite the advent of fast imaging sequences. The radiologist's task is to select an appropriate imaging strategy according to expected differential diagnosis and to adjust the imaging techniques to the individual patient.
Scharitzer
M
M
Universitätsklinik für Radiodiagnostik, AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien/Osterreich. martina.scharitzer@univie.ac.at
Hörmann
M
M
Puig
S
S
Prokop
M
M
D002648:Child; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004630:Emergencies; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity