title: Long-term follow-up of osseointegrated titanium implants using clinical, radiographic and microbiological parameters.
abstract: The aim of this study was to longitudinally follow up osseointegrated titanium implants in partially dentate patients by clinical, radiographic and microbiological parameters in order to evaluate possible changes in the peri-implant health over time. Fifteen individuals treated with titanium implants, ad modum Brånemark, and followed for ten years were included in the study. Before implant placement ten years previously, the individuals had been treated for advanced periodontal disease and thereafter been included in a maintenance care program. The survival rate of the implants after ten years was 94.7%. The bone loss was 1.7 mm when using the abutment-fixture junction as a reference point. Of the individuals, 50% were positive for plaque at the implants. Bleeding on sulcus probing was present at 61% of the implant surfaces. Ten years previously, the individuals had been carriers of putative periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp. and Campylobacter rectus, and were also carriers of these species at the current examination. The results of the present study suggest that the presence of these putative periodontal pathogens at implants may not be associated with an impaired implant treatment. These species are most likely part of the normal resident microbiota of most individuals and may therefore be found at random at both stable and progressing peri-implant sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Specialist Dental Clinic, Mölndal Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gröndahl
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lekholm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000254:growth & development; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000254:growth & development; D002206:Capnocytophaga / Q000254:growth & development; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000382:microbiology; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000145:classification; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000254:growth & development; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000254:growth & development; D011859:Radiography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014025:Titanium; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium