title: Plasma profiles of peripheral monocyte-related inflammatory markers in patients with arterial hypertension. Correlations with plasma endothelin-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates the plasma activity of inflammatory mediators such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), C-C chemokines and soluble adhesion molecules, produced by monocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interaction, in patients with arterial hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 66 untreated patients with mild to moderate arterial hypertension (hypercholesterolemic: 34, normocholesterolemic: 32) and 30 sex- and age-matched normocholesterolemic normotensive controls. Plasma concentrations of GM-CSF, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), RANTES (regulated on activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), as well as plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), were determined in study population by ELISA and RIA, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertensives exhibited significantly higher levels of GM-CSF (6.5+/-1.3 vs. 2.3+/-0.7 pg/ml, P=0.099), MCP-1 (175+/-31 vs. 120+/-24 pg/ml, P=0.0093), MIP-1alpha (23+/-4 vs. 15+/-2 pg/ml, P=0.0089), RANTES (17+/-4 vs. 14+/-3 ng/ml, P=0.047), sICAM-1 (235+/-39 vs. 187+/-21 ng/ml, P=0.0041), sVCAM-1 (684+/-42 vs. 589+/-23 ng/ml, P=0.0045) and ET-1 (6.1+/-1.5 vs. 2.4+/-0.3 pg/ml, P=0.0095) than those of normotensives. The normocholesterolemic hypertensives had significantly lower levels of GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 than hypercholesterolemic hypertensives but higher than normotensives. In hypertensives, ET-1 levels were significantly correlated with mean arterial pressure (r=0.51, P=0.028), MCP-1 values (r=0.45, P=0.047) and sICAM-1 levels (r=0.64, P=0.0090). Significant correlations were also found between LDL cholesterol values and plasma inflammatory factors GM-CSF (r=0.58, P=0.0088), MCP-1 (r=0.49, P=0.040) and sICAM-1 (r=0.53, P=0.034) in the hypercholesterolemic sub-group of hypertensives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammatory markers of monocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interaction are elevated in hypertensives in comparison to normotensives and may be related to plasma ET-1 activity. The coexistence of hypercholesterolemia may enhance this inflammatory process induced by arterial hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Athens Euroclinic, Greece. jparissis@yahoo.com
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parissis
authors.forename: Socrates
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korovesis
authors.forename: Elefterios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giazitzoglou
authors.forename: Pericles
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalivas
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katritsis
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019332:Endothelin-1; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor