Jarzynski equality for the transitions between nonequilibrium steady states.
Jarzynski equality [Phys. Rev. E 56, 5018 (1997)], which has been considered to be valid for the transitions between equilibrium states, is found to be applicable to the transitions between nonequilibrium stationary states satisfying certain conditions. Also numerical results confirm its validity. Its relevance for nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the operational formalism is discussed.
Hatano
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Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.