title: Ginkgo biloba extracts EGb 761 and bilobalide increase NADH dehydrogenase mRNA level and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio in PC12 cells.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, and one of its components, bilobalide, on gene expression of subunit 1 of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (ND1) in PC12 cells. By Northern blot analysis we found a approximately 2-fold significant increase in NDI mRNA level, after 48 and 72 h exposure to 100 microg/ml EGb 761 and to 10 microg/ml bilobalide. We also evaluated, by oxygraphy measurements, mitochondrial respiration during state 3 and state 4. In cells treated with EGb 761 and bilobalide for 48 and 72 h, state 4 respiration was significantly decreased, and the respiratory control ratio was increased. These results provide evidence that EGb 761 and bilobalide exert their protective effects by up-regulating mitochondrial ND1 gene expression and by decreasing state 4 respiration, whose increase is thought to be responsible for oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging. National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tendie@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Elisabetta A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tendi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bosetti
authors.forename: S Fenella
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: Anna Maria Giuffrida
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drieu
authors.forename: Stanley I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004224:Diterpenes; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010673:Pheochromocytoma; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004224:Diterpenes; D005663:Furans; D046934:Ginkgolides; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract; C073710:bilobalide