title: Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma hyorhinis to membrane-active peptides and enrofloxacin in human tissue cell cultures.
abstract: Mycoplasmas, which are bacteria that are devoid of a cell wall and which belong to the class Mollicutes, are pathogenic for humans and animals and are frequent contaminants of tissue cell cultures. Although contamination of cultures with mycoplasma can easily be monitored with fluorescent dyes that stain DNA and/or with molecular probes, protection and decontamination of cultures remain serious challenges. In the present work, we investigated the susceptibilities of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma hyorhinis to the membrane-active peptides alamethicin, dermaseptin B2, gramicidin S, and surfactin by growth inhibition and lethality assays. In the absence of serum, the four peptides killed mycoplasmas at minimal bactericidal concentrations that ranged from 12.5 to 100 microM, but in all cases the activities were decreased by the presence of serum. As a result, under standard culture conditions (10% serum) only alamethicin and gramicidin S were able to inhibit mycoplasma growth (MICs, 50 microM), while dermaseptin B2 and surfactin were ineffective. Furthermore, 8 days of treatment of HeLa cell cultures experimentally contaminated with either mycoplasma species with 70 microM enrofloxacin cured the cultures of infection, whereas treatment with alamethicin and gramicidin S alone was not reliable because the concentrations and treatment times required were toxic to the cells. However, combination of alamethicin or gramicidin S with 70 microM enrofloxacin allowed mycoplasma eradication after 30 min or 24 h of treatment, depending on the mycoplasma and peptide considered. HeLa cell cultures experimentally infected with mycoplasmas should prove to be a useful model for study of the antimycoplasma activities of antibiotics and membrane-active peptides under conditions close to those found in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Oncologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nir-Paz
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Prévost
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wróblewski
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016858:Mycoplasma fermentans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010455:Peptides; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D010455:Peptides; D015363:Quinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin