title: Gastrointestinal medications and procedures in osteoarthritis patients treated with rofecoxib compared with nonselective NSAIDs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients treated with nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) often experience dyspepsia and upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects, and frequently require GI comedications and diagnostic procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study combined existing data to test the hypothesis that GI comedications and GI diagnostic procedures occur less frequently in osteoarthritis (OA) patients treated with rofecoxib compared with nonselective NSAIDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined analysis of 8 randomized controlled clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rheumatology and general practice clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men and women aged 40 years and older with OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random assignment to placebo (n = 514), rofecoxib (n = 3357; 12.5, 25, or 50 mg daily combined; average 24.7 mg), or NSAIDs (n = 1564; ibuprofen 800 mg thrice daily, diclofenac 50 mg thrice daily, or nabumetone 1500 mg daily, combined).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cumulative incidence of patients using GI comedications (antacids, antispasmodics, antiflatulents, antiregurgitants, H2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, sucralfate, prostaglandins, other antiulcer therapy) and needing GI procedures (upper GI barium studies, upper or lower GI endoscopies) over 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those treated with NSAIDs, patients treated with rofecoxib had a significantly lower incidence of GI comedication use (17.5% vs 27.0%, P <.001) and GI procedures (3.3% vs 5.3%, P =.02) over 12 months. Similar results were seen in analyses of protocols with placebo; in these studies, rates of GI comedications and procedures were highest with NSAIDs, while those with rofecoxib and placebo were similar to each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OA patients treated with rofecoxib for up to 12 months required significantly less GI comedication and significantly fewer GI procedures than those treated with NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. douglas_watson@merck.com
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bolognese
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002074:Butanones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077430:Nabumetone; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013450:Sulfones
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002074:Butanones; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D004008:Diclofenac; D000077430:Nabumetone; D007052:Ibuprofen