title: Pregnancy alters adrenergic mechanisms in uterine arterioles of rats.
abstract: Pregnancy is associated with altered vascular reactivity. However, the effect of pregnancy on the alpha- and beta-adrenergic responses in the uterine microcirculation remains to be determined. In late-pregnant (Day 20-21, n = 6) and virgin (n = 6) Sprague-Dawley rats, uterine radial arterioles (70-120 microm in internal diameter) were isolated. We studied in vitro arteriolar responses in a pressurized, no-flow state with videomicroscopy. alpha(2)-Adrenergic activation relaxed uterine arterioles; this relaxation was increased with pregnancy and was inhibited after endothelial denudation or inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Pregnancy significantly increased the contractile response to the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine but decreased the relaxation to the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol. The contractile response to the protein kinase C activator phorbol ester and relaxation responses to both the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and the endothelium-independent cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated vaso- dilator nitroprusside were preserved. These results suggest that pregnancy enhances the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of uterine arterioles, probably because of an increase in the release of nitric oxide. The alpha(1)-adrenergic response is upregulated, whereas the beta-adrenergic response is impaired, in the uterine microcirculation of pregnant rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both alpha- and beta-adrenergic responses are important mechanisms for the regulation of uteroplacental perfusion. By use of an in vitromicrovascular technique, we have shown pregnancy-associated alteration in adrenergic responses in the uterine microcirculation of the rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. swang@communitymedical.org
authors.forename: Steven Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Segal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000502:physiology*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000502:physiology*; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000502:physiology; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000502:physiology; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D005576:Colforsin; D010656:Phenylephrine; D001262:Atenolol; D007545:Isoproterenol