title: Free radicals in antigen formation: reduction of contact allergic response to hydroperoxides by epidermal treatment with antioxidants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For patients with allergic contact dermatitis, the main therapy is anti-inflammatory steroids, a non-specific and symptomatic treatment. In contact allergy, the antigen formation is considered to be the binding of a chemical (hapten) to a biological macromolecule, e.g. a protein. Limonene-2-hydroperoxide (Lim-OOH) is a hapten with a known allergenic effect. It is likely to bind to proteins in the skin via a radical mechanism. It might be possible to inhibit the allergic reaction by epidermal application of substances that can trap free radicals, e.g. antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or alpha-tocopherol, prior to the application of the hapten.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of antioxidants on the allergenic effect of Lim-OOH in sensitization experiments on guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment with the antioxidants was performed before induction to study the effect on sensitization as well as before challenge testing to study the effect on elicitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reduction in the response rate was found both at sensitization and at elicitation. The antioxidants had no effect on cobalt allergy or on the allergenic effect of haptens that form antigens via nucleophilic-electrophilic reactions. No reduction of the effect was seen for irritants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protective effect of antioxidants in elicitation could be of practical therapeutic value, as it indicates a possibility for the treatment of patients who have become sensitized to haptens that form full antigens via a radical mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Dermatology, National Institute for Working Life, SE-112 79 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gäfvert
authors.forename: J L G
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hagelthorn
authors.forename: A-T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Karlberg
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003035:Cobalt / Q000276:immunology; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000276:immunology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D000077222:Limonene; D009570:Nitriles / Q000276:immunology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000276:immunology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000975:Antioxidants; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D005609:Free Radicals; D006241:Haptens; D009570:Nitriles; D010545:Peroxides; D013729:Terpenes; D003035:Cobalt; D000077222:Limonene; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile