title: Does oral folic acid lower total homocysteine levels and improve endothelial function in children with chronic renal failure?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accelerated vascular disease is common in chronic renal failure (CRF) and accounts for significant mortality and morbidity. Elevated homocysteine levels may contribute by an effect on endothelial function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial of folic acid at 5 mg/m2 in 25 normotensive children 12+/-3 (7 to 17) years of age with CRF (glomerular filtration rate 26.8+/-13.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2) of noninflammatory etiology. Each subject underwent two 8-week periods of folic acid and placebo separated by an 8-week washout period. The effect of folic acid on homocysteine levels, LDL oxidation, and both endothelial-dependent and -independent vascular function were measured. After oral folic acid, serum folate levels rose from 11.7+/-4.25 to 635+/-519 microg/L (P=0.001), red cell folate levels rose from 364+/-195 to 2891+/-2623 microg/L (P<0.001), and total homocysteine levels fell from 10.28+/-4.16 to 8.62+/-2.32 micromol/L (P=0.03). In addition, there was a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (endothelial-dependent dilatation) from 7.21+/-2.8% to 8.47+/-3.01% (P=0.036) with no change in response to glyceryl trinitrate (endothelial-independent dilatation). There was no significant change in FMD or glyceryl trinitrate during the placebo phase. There was, however, no significant difference in final FMD after placebo or folic acid. Lag times for LDL oxidation were prolonged during the treatment phase (58.4+/-18.7 to 68.1+/-25.9 minutes, P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Folic acid supplementation in children with CRF may improve endothelial function with an increased resistance of LDL to oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust and Institute of Child Health, London, UK. KatyJBR@aol.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennett-Richards
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kattenhorn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donald
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deanfield
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D005996:Nitroglycerin