title: Nitric oxide independent activation of guanylate cyclase by YC-1 causes erectile responses in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase with a subsequent increase in intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate is necessary for normal erection. In vascular tissue 3(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1) (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois) has been shown to stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase independent of nitric oxide. We studied whether YC-1 modulates erectile responses in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of YC-1 given intracavernously or intraperitoneally on intracavernous pressure were investigated in rats. Functional effects of YC-1 on neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide relaxations were studied in 3 x 10(-6) M. 1-noradrenaline contracted preparations of rat isolated corpus cavernosum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracavernous YC-1 (10 micromol. kg.-1) produced erectile responses with a mean intracavernous pressure plus or minus standard error of mean of 81 +/- 17 cm. water (p <0.001) and a mean duration of 7.1 +/- 3.3 minutes (p <0.001). YC-1 (10 micromol. kg.-1) given intraperitoneally also increased the amplitude and duration of erectile responses to cavernous nerve stimulation. Mean peak intracavernous pressure increased from 63 +/- 6 to 10(2) +/- 16 cm. water (p <0.05). Erections induced by a submaximal dose of 25 microg. kg.-1 apomorphine s.c. increased in number after 10 micromol. kg.-1 YC-1 intraperitoneally (p <0.05). In vitro nerve induced relaxant responses were enhanced by increasing concentrations of YC-1. Relaxations at 20 Hz. were increased from a mean of 9% +/- 5% to 52% +/- 5% at a YC-1 concentration of 10(-5) M. (p <0.001). At this concentration carbachol induced relaxations were enhanced from a mean of 19% +/- 3% to 40% +/- 9% (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YC-1 can evoke erectile responses when given intracavernously and it enhances erections induced by cavernous nerve stimulation and apomorphine when given systemically. In vitro YC-1 enhances electrically evoked relaxations in rat corpus cavernosum. YC-1 represents an interesting pharmacological principle that may be useful for treating erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizusawa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brioni
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: K-E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007267:Injections; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D020536:Enzyme Activators; D007191:Indazoles; C090937:3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D001058:Apomorphine