title: [Keeping of elephants in the zoo and circus].
abstract: There is a decrease in the number of elephants kept in European zoological gardens and circus companies. In the future the import of animals will only be possible for holders which are able to keep family-groups of elephants under species-specific conditions. This will not be possible under circus conditions. This article will describe some problems observed in elephant holdings in zoological gardens and circus companies.
authors.affiliation: Zoologisch Botanischer Garten Wilhelma, Stuttgart. wolfram.rietschel@wilhelma.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rietschel
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D004606:Elephants; D005858:Germany; D007886:Legislation, Veterinary