title: Hemodynamic basis of the reduced oxygen uptake relative to work rate during incremental exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ratio of the increase in oxygen uptake to the increase in work rate (DeltaVO2/DeltaWR) during incremental exercise is reduced in patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the pathophysiological basis of the reduced O2 uptake relative to work rate has not been elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the hemodynamic basis of the reduced ratio of DeltaVO2/DeltaWR during exercise in severe CHF, 48 patients with CHF (15 patients in class I, 21 in class II and 12 in class III) performed maximal ergometer exercise with respiratory gas analysis. Cardiac output and systemic O2 extraction were measured at 1-min intervals during exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both peak VO2 and peak cardiac output decreased as the severity of CHF advanced. Patients in class III showed significantly reduced DeltaVO2/DeltaWR than those in class I (8.2+/-0.9 vs. 9.8+/-1.5 ml/min/W, P<0.01). Cardiac output at rest was significantly lower, and O2 extraction at rest was significantly higher in class III than class I. The ratio of the increase in cardiac output to the increase in work rate (DeltaCO/DeltaWR) was significantly lower in class III than class I (42.5+/-14.5 vs. 60.6+/-10.3 ml/min/W), and the ratio of the increase in O2 extraction to the increase in work rate (DeltaO2 extraction/DeltaWR) was significantly higher in class III than class I (0.45+/-0.13 vs. 0.34+/-0.08%/W). The DeltaVO2/DeltaWR was significantly correlated with the DeltaCO/DeltaWR (r=0.67, P<0.01), and the DeltaCO/DeltaWR was inversely correlated with DeltaO2 extraction/DeltaWR (r=-0.65, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased O2 supply due to reduced cardiac output was not fully compensated by the increased O2 extraction. Reduced ratio of DeltaVO2/DeltaWR in advanced CHF reflected the severely attenuated cardiac output response to exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Ohte-machi 4-5-48, Shibata City, Niigata 957-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen