title: Fluoroscopy guided retrograde ureteral stent insertion in patients with a ureteroileal urinary conduit: method and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated retrograde double pigtail stent placement in patients with ureteroileal anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedures were performed under digital C-arm fluoroscopic guidance and the patient under sedation analgesia. Radiography of the conduit was done to delineate urinary diversion anatomy and identify ureteral reflux. A purpose designed, angled tip catheter was used to direct a straight glide wire across the ureteroileal anastomosis. The glide wire was exchanged for a stiff guide wire for stent placement. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of 7 men and 5 women with a mean age of 54.3 years in a 7-year period. In 11 patients a new stent was placed because of ureteroileal stricture in 5, anastomotic leakage in 3, ureterolithiasis in 2 and recurrent malignancy in 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New stent placement was successful in 10 of the 11 patients (90.9%, 13 of 16 ureters or 81.3%). Stent placement was successful in the 8 ureters in which reflux was noted on radiography of the conduit and in 5 of the 9 (55.6%) in which no reflux was noted. Stent replacement was accomplished in all 22 ureters (6 patients) in which it was attempted. Mean radiological screening time for new stent placement was 13.3 minutes (range 4.7 to 19.7), while for exchange it was 6.4 minutes (range 0.8 to 15.1). There were no immediate complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique represents a useful approach to the ureter and should be considered an alternative to percutaneous nephrostomy and surgical revision. The approach is also useful for other ureteral procedures, including stone or migrated stent retrieval.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Cowan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002648:Child; D015653:Cystectomy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D014547:Urinary Diversion