title: Analysis of CD20-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by G-CSF-stimulated neutrophils.
abstract: Rituximab, a chimeric CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), is widely used in the treatment of patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Possible anti-tumour mechanisms involve complement-mediated lysis and/or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Because G-CSF greatly enhances the cytotoxicity of neutrophils (PMN) in ADCC, the clinical efficacy of rituximab might be enhanced by the addition of G-CSF. Therefore, we investigated the neutrophil-mediated CD20-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in B cell lines. In contrast to previous studies by others, we found that G-CSF-primed PMN are capable of functioning as effector cells in CD20-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, HLA class II mAbs were far more effective. The differences between HLA class II- and CD20-mediated PMN-ADCC were not due to: (1) the use of chimeric (hIgG1) mAbs vs mIgG2a mAbs; (2) HLA class II-induced apoptosis as an 'ADCC-sensitising' mechanism; (3) CD20-induced inhibition of ADCC; (4) inferior membrane mobility of CD20. Analysis of Fcgammareceptor (FcgammaR) involvement showed that although CD20-induced ADCC was mediated mainly via FcgammaRI, for optimal lysis FcgammaRI and FcgammaRII were both required. In contrast, in HLA class II-dependent ADCC both FcgammaRI and II were capable of independently inducing maximum lysis. The mechanism underlying these differences in FcgammaR-binding and activation remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: van der Kolk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Haas
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grillo-López
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: M H J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van Oers
mesh_terms: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity / Q000276:immunology*; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D000069283:Rituximab; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000069283:Rituximab