title: Experience with endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy using needlescopic instruments in patients with breast cancer: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy using needlescopic instruments in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with breast cancer were treated by partial mastectomy and endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy. We evaluated the results of the surgical procedure and the postoperative course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the patients, endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy was performed successfully. The mean duration of the operation was 105.4 min, the mean blood loss 19.4 ml, and the mean number of dissected axillary lymph nodes 13. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The mean amount of lymphorrhea was 131.2 ml, and the mean duration of drainage was 3.6 days. No postoperative analgesics were administered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy can be performed safely with needlescopic instruments, but further study is needed to establish this technique.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayshi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan. tagaya@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tagaya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D019723:Endoscopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles