title: Introduction of wild-type patched gene suppresses the oncogenic potential of human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines including A431.
abstract: Defects in a developmental signaling pathway involving the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene, patched are associated with human tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in some of these tumor cells suggests that patched functions as a tumor suppressor gene. To evaluate the biological significance of patched mutations in human sporadic tumor cells, we constructed a VSV-G pseudotyped retrovirus vector carrying the wild-type patched gene and transduced it into two human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines, A431 and KA, that express only mutant patched mRNA. When SSC cells were transduced with Ptc virus, colony forming activity in soft agar was drastically reduced and these cells recovered anchorage independent growth when Sonic hedgehog (Shh), the ligand of Patched (Ptc), was added into the soft agar culture. Expression of exogenous patched, however, had no effect on anchorage independent growth of Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells or SCC cell line, NA, which expresses wild-type patched mRNA. Cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the Shh/Ptc/Smo signaling pathway, efficiently suppressed anchorage independent growth of A431 and KA cells. These results indicate that loss of patched function plays a major role in the acquisition of oncogenic potential in these SCCs and further that Ptc virus would be an effective reagent for suppressing tumorigenicity of such SCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Taketoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Nobutake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamichi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michimukai
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; C000606240:Ptch1 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C509239:SHH protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; C000541:cyclopamine