title: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with parental alcohol consumption and polymorphisms of carcinogen-metabolizing genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited information is available on the association of parental consumption of alcohol prior to and during pregnancy with the risk of childhood leukemia, as well as for the potentially modifying role of genetic polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based, case-control study of 491 incident cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia age 0-9 years and matched on age and sex to 491 healthy controls. Cases were identified at tertiary care centers in the Province of Québec between 1980 and 1993. Each parent was interviewed separately about alcohol consumption habits. We also used a case-only design with 186 cases to estimate interaction odds ratios between prenatal exposure and child DNA variants in the GSTM1 and CYP2E1 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted odds ratio for any maternal consumption during pregnancy was 0.7 (95% confidence interval = 0.5-0.9). The interaction odds ratios for the GSTM1 null genotype during third pregnancy trimester was 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-5.4); the interaction odds ratio for CYP2E1 variant G-1295C (or allele *5) during the nursing period was 4.9 (95% confidence interval = 1.5-16.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed association with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy could be due to the potential chemopreventive effects of flavonoids found in wine and beer. These possible effects of alcohol may be at least partially genetically determined, although data are preliminary.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. cirivard@epid.lan.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Infante-Rivard
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajinovic
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Labuda
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinnett
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase