title: alpha-Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone provides protection from dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.
abstract: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) occurs in inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated the effect of alpha-phenylN-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a spin-trapping agent that inhibits NF-kappaB activity, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic mucosal injury and inflammation in mice. Acute colitis was induced with DSS in female BALB/c mice receiving 0, 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/kg i.p. PBN daily. Colonic mucosal inflammation was evaluated biochemically and histologically. Nitric oxide was evaluated as luminal nitrite/nitrite concentration by the Griess reaction and as immunoreactive nitrotyrosine in mucosal cells. Mucosal tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were determined by immunoassay. Colonic mRNA expression for iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and NF-kappaB activation was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. After DSS administration, mice showed increased luminal nitrite/nitrate, mucosal TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, and mRNA for iNOS and these cytokines, in addition to decreased colonic length and increased inflammatory score, luminal hemoglobin, and colonic myeloperoxidase activity. PBN inhibited increases in luminal nitric oxide production, nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, and mucosal TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Colonic iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma mRNA were suppressed by PBN, as was a DSS-induced increase in colonic NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. NF-kappaB is essential to DSS-induced colitis, suggesting molecular approach targeting of NF-kappaB for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. ynaito@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yashige
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013113:Spin Labels; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013113:Spin Labels; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; C029217:phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone; D014443:Tyrosine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse