title: The effects of delayed rewards, tokens, and stimulant medication on sportsmanlike behavior with ADHD-diagnosed children.
abstract: Five children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder participated in a summer program designed to evaluate behavioral and pharmacological treatments in a recreational setting. The effect of a contingency for increased sportsmanlike behavior, with and without the use of tokens, was examined during kickball games. The influence of stimulant medication was also examined for 3 of the children. A multiple-baseline, reversal design revealed that a delayed reward condition did not increase sportsmanlike behavior, whereas the addition of tokens (and praise) to the delayed reward increased sportsmanlike behavior for all 5 participants. Stimulant medication appeared to have very little influence on sportsmanlike behavior. Future directions for behavioral social skills interventions using a sports skills model are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen D A
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hupp
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reitman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Northup
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D014040:Token Economy
chemical_list: C090411:Adderall; D000662:Amphetamines; D008774:Methylphenidate