[Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain. Description of 819 non related cases].
BACKGROUND
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hFH) is an inherited disorder commonly found among the general population. Premature cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery disease, is the most important complication in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and the characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the Spanish hFH population.


METHODS
Analysis of 819 non-related cases (449 females and 370 males), with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia, from 69 lipid clinics. Clinical and lipid profile at diagnosis along with personal and familial backgrounds related to cardiovascular disease were registered in a central database.


RESULTS
Mean total cholesterol at diagnosis was 412 (87) mg/dl in women, and 400 (78) mg/dl in men (p = 0.049). HDL-c was higher in females than in males (57 [14] vs. 47.7 [12.7] mg/dl, respectively, p < 0.0001). Xantomas were present in 22.5% of cases, and 21.7% of subjects had evidence of premature cardiovascular disease which was more frequent in males than in females (30.8% and 14.3%, respectively; p < 0.001). In a multivariant analysis, a significant and positive correlation was observed between cardiovascular disease and age, gender, tobacco consumption, LDL-c levels, blood pressure and body mass index.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical manifestations and the presence of cardiovascular disease in Spanish hFH patients are similar to those described in other populations. LDL-c levels, age, gender, smoking, hypertension and body mass index are important predictors of cardiovascular disease in these patients.
Alonso
Rodrigo
R
Unidad de Lípidos. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Madrid. Spain.
Castillo
Sergio
S
Civeira
Fernando
F
Puzo
José
J
de la Cruz
Juan José
JJ
Pocoví
Miguel
M
Mata
Pedro
P
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain