title: [In vitro chondrogenic phenotype differentiation of bone marrow stem cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of chondrogenic phenotype differentiation of adult swine bone marrow stem cells(MSCs) in a defined medium as seeding cells in cartilage tissue engineering.
  
  
  METHODS
  A volume of 5 ml bone marrow was aspirated from swine iliac crest and cultured in the complete medium of DMEM-LG for two weeks. The growth and ultrastructure of the cultured MSCs were observed. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were applied to detect the expression of collagen type II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MSCs changed from a spindle-like fibroblastic appearance to a polygonal shape when transferred from the complete medium of DMEM-LG to a defined medium. A large amount of endoplasmic reticulum was observed in large Golgi ccmplex and mitochondria. The differentiation of MSCs toward chondrogenic phenotype was verified by the positive result of collagen type II through immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone marrow stem cells obtained from adult swine can differentiate to be chondrogenic phenotype when cultured in vitro. MSCs can likely be served as optimal autogenous cell source for cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Second Medical University, Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Wanyao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Qingxin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaobang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yilin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta