title: Endoscopic total parathyroidectomy by the anterior chest approach for renal hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the past 3 years, minimally invasive procedures have been adopted for the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, and we have tried to perform endoscopic total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five 5-mm trocars were inserted through the skin of the anterior chest under a general anesthesia. Carbon dioxide was then insufflated up to 4 mmHg, and the endoscopic surgery was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic procedure was successfully performed in five patients. The mean duration of total parathyroidectomies was 236 min. No evidence of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve was observed in any cases. At follow-up, the serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels had returned to within the normal range in all patients. Postoperative cosmetic status was excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that endoscopic total parathyroidectomy by the anterior chest approach will find a role in the treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan. yikeda@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takayama
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*