title: The modulation of matrix metalloproteinase and ADAM gene expression in human chondrocytes by interleukin-1 and oncostatin M: a time-course study using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have reported elevated levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and oncostatin M (OSM) in rheumatoid joints, as well as the synergistic degradation of human articular cartilage by this cytokine combination. The present study was undertaken to investigate the ability of IL-1 and OSM to modulate gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), ADAM, and ADAM-TS (ADAM with thrombospondin motifs) family members in human chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  T/C28a4 human chondrocytes were stimulated for 2-48 hours with IL-1 and/or OSM. Total RNA was harvested, reverse transcribed, and assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for the expression of various MMP, ADAM, and ADAM-TS messenger RNAs (mRNA). Results were normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1 and OSM synergized to markedly induce the expression of the collagenases MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13 as well as MMP-3, an activator of proMMPs. Expression of mRNA for MMPs 1, 3, and 13 was induced early, whereas that of MMP-8 mRNA occurred late. Gene expression of MMP-14, an MMP that degrades collagen and activates proMMP-13, was elevated by this combination. IL-1 and OSM also synergized to induce gene expression of the aggrecanase ADAM-TS4, but not ADAM-TS5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the potent cartilage-degrading properties of the combination of IL-1 and OSM are potentially mediated by a synergistic induction of the aggrecan-degrading enzyme ADAM-TS4 and the collagen-degrading enzymes MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13, and MMP-14, although differences in the magnitude of response and in the time course of induction were observed. A role for MMPs 3 and 14 in the activation of proMMPs may also be implicated.
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: P J T
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koshy
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lundy
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rowan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Cawston
mesh_terms: D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000235:genetics; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000235:genetics; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; C508351:OSM protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053683:Oncostatin M; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1