title: Structural analysis of styrene oxide/haemoglobin adducts by mass spectrometry: identification of suitable biomarkers for human exposure evaluation.
abstract: The structural characterisation of adducts formed by the in vitro reaction of haemoglobin (Hb) with styrene oxide (SO), the most reactive metabolite of the industrial reagent styrene, was obtained by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ES-MS) analysis of modified tryptic peptides of human Hb chains. The reactive sites of human Hb towards SO were identified through characterisation of alkylated tryptic peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation with tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS/MS). A procedure was set up based on this characterisation, allowing Hb modification to be assessed by monitoring SO/Hb adducts using HPLC with selected ion recording (SIR) mass spectrometry. By this methodology it was also possible to compare advantages and disadvantages of presently available strategies for the measurement of Hb adducts with SO. The results obtained could most plausibly lead to the optimisation of molecular dosimetry of SO adducts, and the analytical procedure described herein could be applied to the biological monitoring of styrene exposure in the workplace.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Igiene e Tossicologia Professionale, Seconda Università di Napoli, Piazza Miraglia 2, I-80134 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basile
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferranti
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mamone
authors.forename: Immacolata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manco
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pocsfalvi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malorni
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acampora
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sannolo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010455:Peptides; C013690:styrene oxide