title: Strong impact of estrogen environment on Doppler variables used for differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the impact of an estrogen environment on the Doppler variables usually used for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 142 malignant and 107 benign breast lesions was demonstrated (in 91 premenopausal and 152 postmenopausal patients) by B-mode ultrasound. Intratumoral vessels were visualized by color Doppler and blood flow velocity waveforms were analyzed by pulsed Doppler. The number of intratumoral vessels and the Doppler variables, peak systolic velocity, resistance and pulsatility indices and the peak systolic/diastolic ratio were evaluated in different endocrine milieus represented by menopausal status, phase of the menstrual cycle, intake of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In malignant tumors the Doppler variables resistance and pulsatility indices and the systolic/diastolic ratio were significantly higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. In benign tumors significantly higher values of resistance and pulsatility indices were also detected in post- compared to premenopausal women (P < or = 0.05). In premenopausal patients with benign tumors taking oral contraceptives the number of intratumoral vessels was significantly higher, while resistance index and systolic/diastolic ratio values were decreased compared to patients with spontaneous menstrual cycles. In postmenopausal patients hormone replacement therapy did not influence Doppler variables in the benign or the malignant groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate a robust influence of menopausal status and oral contraceptives on Doppler variables of breast lesions. We believe it is likely that some of the differences in the Doppler variables found in reports comparing benign and malignant breast lesions were caused by their association with a pre- or postmenopausal status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. utegermer@hotmail.com
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Germer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tetzlaff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geipel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000378:metabolism*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens