title: Topical preparations for the treatment of psoriasis: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is clinical uncertainty about the appropriate use of first-line topical treatments for psoriasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relative effectiveness and tolerability of topical treatments for psoriasis suitable for use both in primary and secondary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  All major medical databases of published literature were searched electronically; references of trial reports and recent reviews were searched; authors and companies were contacted for missing data from published reports. The study selection comprised: (1) randomized placebo-controlled trials of topical treatments for psoriasis; and (2) randomized head-to-head studies of the new vitamin D3 derivative treatments for psoriasis that reported clinical outcome using a Total Severity Score (TSS), Psoriasis Area Severity Index or Investigator Assessment of Global Improvement. Eligibility and validity were assessed and data extracted independently by two authors. Clinical outcomes were pooled using a random effect standardized weighted mean difference (SWMD) metric, including 3380 patients randomized in 41 placebo (vehicle)-controlled trials and 4898 patients randomized in 28 head-to-head studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant benefit in favour of active treatments against vehicle, SWMD: -1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.26 to -0.86), approximately a 2-point improvement on a 12-point TSS after 6-8 weeks of treatment. The only significantly different benefit was for very potent corticosteroids: SWMD: -1.51 (95% CI: -1.76 to -1.25), approximately a 3-point improvement on a 12-point TSS. Head-to-head studies support these findings, except that calcipotriol was estimated to be more effective than dithranol, coal tar and other vitamin D3 derivatives. Polytherapy, using a potent steroid and calcipotriol, was more effective than calcipotriol alone: SWMD 0.42 (95% CI: 0.12-0.72 ) approximately a 0.8-point improvement on a 12-point TSS. No important differences in withdrawal or reporting of adverse events were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trials of short duration neither adequately inform the management of chronic disease nor describe the sequelae of treatment. The evidence base for long-term care, reflecting the disease pathway, should be improved. Combination therapy with topical vitamin D analogues and steroids, and maintenance therapy following treatment response merit further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 21 Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AA, UK. james.mason@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cork
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C055085:calcipotriene; D002117:Calcitriol