title: Evidence for early impairment of glucagon-like peptide 1-induced insulin secretion in human type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes.
abstract: To investigate a possible role of an enteroinsular axis involvement in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) 7-36 amide response to nutrient ingestion was evaluated in type 2 diabetics affected by different degrees of beta-cell dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 patients on oral hypoglycaemic treatment (group A: HbA1C = 8.1 +/- 1.8 %) and 11 age-matched diabetic patients on diet only (group B: HbA1C = 6.4 +/- 0.9) participated in the study. 10 healthy volunteers were studied as controls. In the postabsorptive state, a mixed meal (700 kCal) was administered to all subjects, and blood samples were regularly collected up to 180' for plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, the test meal induced a significant increase in plasma GLP-1 at 30' and 60' (p < 0.01); the peptide concentrations then returning toward basal levels. beta-cell function estimation by HOMA score confirmed a more advanced involvement in group A than in group B (p < 0.01). In contrast, the insulin resistance degree showed a similar result in the two groups (HOMA-R). In group A, first-phase postprandial insulin secretion (0 - 60') resulted, as expected, in being significantly reduced compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001). In the same patients the mean fasting GLP-1 value was similar to controls, but the meal failed to increase plasma peptide levels, which even tended to decrease during the test (p < 0.01). In group B, food-mediated early insulin secretion was higher than in group A (p < 0.001), although significantly reduced when compared to controls (p < 0.01). Like group A, no GLP-1 response to food ingestion occurred in group B patients in spite of maintained basal peptide secretion. Whereas the test-meal did not significantly modify plasma glucagon levels in the control group, glucagon concentrations increased at 30' and 60' in both diabetic groups (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) The functional integrity of GLP-1 cells results as being seriously impaired even in the condition of mild diabetes; 2) the early peptide failure could contribute to the development of beta-cell deterioration which characterizes overt type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. endoparm@ipruniv.cce.unipr.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lugari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dei Cas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ugolotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finardi
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Barilli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ognibene
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zandomeneghi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gnudi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors