title: Analysis of the cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis apparatus in cells from human pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: Defects in the apoptotic system are likely to play a role in tumorigenesis. Pancreatic carcinoma cells are extremely resistant to apoptosis induction by chemotherapy suggesting that the apoptosis machinery is faulty. We investigated the integrity of the cytochrome c-dependent apoptotic apparatus in 10 human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Expression of Apaf-1, caspase-3, -6, -7, -8 and -9, Hsp-70 and XIAP was detected in all cell lines. The expression levels of Apaf-1 and caspase-8 were homogenous in all cell lines whereas differences in expression of other caspases were seen. In cytosolic fractions, all investigated caspases were processed in response to cytochrome c but the extent of processing varied between the cell lines. No stringent correlation between the amount of processing of caspase-9 and effector caspases was seen. Cytochrome c-induced effector caspase activity was quantitated by enzyme assay. Especially at low concentrations of added cytochrome c, this response varied greatly between the cell lines. These data demonstrate that the apoptotic system downstream of the mitochondria is qualitatively intact in pancreatic carcinoma. They further show that the response to cytochrome c can be quantitated in a cell-free system and that determinants other than mere expression of apoptotic molecules can regulate cytochrome c-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 9, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gerhard
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Häcker
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C417672:ApAF protein, Aplysia; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D014157:Transcription Factors; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases