title: Cerebral cavernomas in the adult. Review of the literature and analysis of 72 surgically treated patients.
abstract: The authors review the pertinent literature dealing with all aspects of cerebral cavernous malformations in the adult. Clinical, neuroradiological, pathological, and epidemiological aspects are presented. The clinical significance of bleeding from cavernous malformations and various hemorrhage patterns are discussed in relation to the factors that influence hemorrhage rates. Recent reports describing the genetic mechanisms of inheritance, de novo formation, and angiogenesis of cavernomas are reviewed as well. Brainstem cavernomas have received special attention, since their clinical management is controversial in the literature. Presently, microsurgical removal is favored by the majority of authors and stereotactic radiosurgery appears to be inappropriate for prevention of bleeding from a cavernoma. Our own case material consists of data of 72 patients operated upon during the past 5 years. Twenty-four patients harbored the lesion within the brainstem, 18 within the deep white matter of the hemispheres, 12 in the basal ganglia or thalamus, 11 in superficial areas of the hemisphere, and seven within the cerebellum. The perioperative morbidity rate was 29.2% (21/72) while the rate of long-term morbidity was 5.5% (4/72), with no mortality in this series. It is concluded that cerebral cavernous malformations, including lesions in critical regions of the brain, can be treated microsurgically with excellent results and an acceptable morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany. bertalan@post.med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertalanffy
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benes
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sure
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014943:Global Health; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D015995:Prevalence