title: Fecal incontinence in anorectal malformations, neuropathy, and miscellaneous conditions.
abstract: In the majority cases, fecal soiling in children is functional and usually associated with severe constipation. Fortunately, functional soiling is a self-limiting problem and usually disappears at puberty. Organic fecal incontinence is a consequence of congenital malformations affecting the anorectum, anal sphincters, or the spinal cord. Inability to control bowel function may be permanent, as in patients with myelodysplasia; self-limiting, as in patients who have fecal soiling after a pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease; or partial, as in many patients who have undergone repair of an anorectal malformation. The purpose of this report is to review the etiology, long-term outcome, and evolution of the management of different types of organic fecal incontinence in children. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence has accumulated during recent decades, and this provides the basis of modern treatment modalities that have revolutionized treatment so that today most patients can be provided total or at least social continence from early childhood.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rintala
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002431:Cecostomy / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008139:Loperamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000930:Antidiarrheals; D008139:Loperamide