title: Feeding fish meal and extruded soybeans enhances the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk.
abstract: Twelve multiparous Holstein cows averaging 65 (33 to 122) DIM were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square for 4-wk periods to determine whether feeding fish oil as fish meal would stimulate increased amounts of milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2; CLA) and transvaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1; TVA) when the cows were fed extruded soybeans to supply additional linoleic acid. Treatment diets were 1) control; 2) 0.5% fish oil from fish meal; 3) 2.5% soybean oil from extruded soybeans; and 4) 0.5% fish oil from fish meal and 2% soybean oil from extruded soybeans. Diets were formulated to contain 18% crude protein and were composed (dry basis) of 50% concentrate mix, 25% corn silage, and 25% alfalfa hay. Intake of DM was not affected by diet. Milk production was increased by diets 2, 3, and 4 compared with diet 1 (control). Milk fat and milk protein percentages decreased with diets 3 and 4. Milk fat yield was not affected by treatments, but yield of milk protein was increased with supplemental fish meal and extruded soybeans or their blend. When diets 2, 3, or 4 were fed, concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat increased by 0.4-, 1.4-, and 3.2-fold, and TVA concentrations in milk fat increased by 0.4-, 1.8-, and 3.5-fold compared with the control milk fat. Increases in TVA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA were 91 to 109% greater when a blend of fish meal and extruded soybeans was fed than the additive effect of fish meal and extruded soybeans. This suggested that fish oil increased the production of CLA and TVA from other dietary sources of linoleic acid such as extruded soybeans.
authors.affiliation: Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007-0647, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abu-Ghazaleh
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schingoethe
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hippen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Whitlock
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D005396:Fish Products; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D005395:Fish Oils; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009829:Oleic Acids; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C050413:11-octadecenoic acid