title: [Upper thoracic short angular kyphosis: a clinical analysis of 15 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide reference for correct clinical treatment by summarizing the characteristics and surgical experience in spinal deformity of the upper thoracic (T(1)-T(4)) short angular kyphosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical history was taken in 15 cases are reviewed. The results of X-ray and MRI examinations were analyzed. The kyphotic angles were measured using the Cobb technique. All cases underwent the anterior spinal cord decompression, by posterolateral approach in 4 cases and posterior in 11 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kyphosis was congenital in 7 cases and due to tuberculosis approach in 8 was. The average age at deformity was first noted was 3.6 years in 7 congenital cases and 9.0 years in 8 tuberculosis cases. All cases had neurologic deficits. The mean kyphosis was 86.5 degrees (range, 45 - 100 degrees). The delay between first observation of the deformity and subsequent neurologic loss was 16.5 years and 18.1 years respectively. The operation failed in 1 case. 13 cases were followed up, with an average 42 months. Seven cases showed improvement, 2 no change and 4 deterioration in neurologic deficit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of or tuberculosis kyphosis, the usual time for kyphosis to occur is during the preadolescent growth spurt. Neurologic deficits may occur without treatment and will be always progressive. The result of operation is not satisfactory. Early diagnosis and adequate management of kyphosis will prevent progression and thus any possible spinal cord compression. Early fusion is usually necessary to control the kyphosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopadics, Third Hospital of Beijing University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Weishi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhongqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gengting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Zhaoging
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhongjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae