title: Increased bioactive TNF in human systemic lupus erythematosus: associations with cell death.
abstract: In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) serum TNF is increased and correlates with its soluble receptors and with disease activity. We therefore investigated (i) whether the TNF in SLE serum is bioactive, (ii) whether SLE cells react to TNF and (iii) whether there are associations with cell death, which is regarded as pathogenic in SLE. Sera from active SLE patients induced an increase in fibroblast CD54, which was abolished by blocking antibodies against TNF, suggesting TNF bioactivity. SLE lymphocytes had a similar surface expression of TNF-RI as healthy lymphocytes, their expression of TNF-RII was slightly increased. Recombinant TNF induced cell death in PBMC of SLE patients, suggesting functional receptors. Serum levels of sTNF-RII (as a surrogate marker for TNF activity) correlated with sTNF-RI and disease activity, as expected, and also correlated with the percentage of dying lymphocytes and with lymphocytic CD95. SLE sera contain increased amounts of biologically active TNF. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of SLE patients express functional TNF receptors. Finally, associations with cell death and CD95 receptors suggest that TNF may be pathogenic in SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine II, University of Vienna, Austria. martin.aringer@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aringer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feierl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Stummvoll
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Höfler
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Radda
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smole
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Graninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012995:Solubility; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor