title: Effects of spontaneous swallows on breathing in awake goats.
abstract: The effects of spontaneous swallows on breathing before, during, and after solitary swallows were investigated in 13 awake goats. Inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) time and respiratory output were determined from inspiratory airflow [tidal volume (VT)] and peak diaphragmatic activity (Dia(peak)). The onset time for 1,128 swallows was determined from pharyngeal muscle electrical activity. During inspiration, the later the swallowing onset, the greater increase in TI and VT, whereas there was no significant effect on TE and Dia(peak). Swallows in early expiration increased the preceding TI and reduced TE, whereas later in expiration swallows increased TE. After expiratory swallows, TI and VT were reduced whereas minimal changes in Dia(peak) were observed. Phase response analysis revealed a within-breath, phase-dependent effect of swallowing on breathing, resulting in a resetting of the respiratory oscillator. However, the shift in timing in the breaths after a swallow was not parallel, further demonstrating a respiratory phase-dependent effect on breathing. We conclude that, in the awake state, within- and multiple-breath effects on respiratory timing and output are induced and/or required in the coordination of breathing and swallowing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Thom R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Feroah
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Carla G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Ivan M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beste
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004576:Electromyography; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012119:Respiration; D013997:Time Factors; D014139:Tracheostomy; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*