title: Altered expression of G1 regulatory proteins in human soft tissue sarcomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soft tissue sarcomas constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors for which tumorigenesis is not fully understood. Altered cell-cycle regulation may underlie the development and/or progression of human malignancies. However, data concerning the occurrence of cell-cycle aberrations in soft tissue sarcomas are very limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To detect the abnormal features of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in soft tissue sarcomas and to determine the potential role of these proteins in clinical behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  The p53 and Rb-cyclin D pathways were investigated by immunohistochemical studies of p53, mdm2, pRb, p16, cyclin D1, and cdk4 proteins, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 67 sarcomas analyzed, nuclear accumulation of p53 was detected in 25 samples (37%), and overexpression of mdm2 was found in 16 samples (24%). Both p53 and mdm2 expression correlated with tumor grade. Abnormalities involving the Rb-cyclin D pathway were identified in all of the tumors by the altered expression of either pRb (72%) or p16 (94%). Fourteen (21%) and 64 (96%) cases demonstrated cyclin D1 or cdk4 expression, respectively. Overexpression of cyclin D1 showed an association with pRb and p53. There was no correlation between pRb, p16, cyclin D1, or cdk4 and tumor grade or relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disturbance in the cell-cycle regulatory system involving the p53 pathway and the Rb-cyclin D pathway is relatively frequent in soft tissue sarcomas and may be a contributing factor in the tumorigenesis of these tumors. The alterations in the Rb-cyclin D pathway probably constitute an early event, whereas the abnormalities in the p53 pathway seem to be involved in tumor progression. It is noteworthy that cyclin D1 may play a key role in linking both pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Catholic University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Sonya Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seok Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sang In
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Byung Kee
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases