title: Up-regulation of TLR9 gene expression by LPS in mouse macrophages via activation of NF-kappaB, ERK and p38 MAPK signal pathways.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLR) are critical in the activation of macrophages by bacterial products. It has been shown that TLR2 and TLR4 mediate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoproteins signal transduction, respectively. Regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression by LPS was considered to be one of the mechanisms to control the overall responses of immune cells to bacteria. However, little is known about whether the other members of TLR family are regulated by LPS. Recently, TLR9 was demonstrated to be essential for CpG DNA signaling. Given the effective immune modulation by CpG DNA, regulation of TLR9 expression might play important role in controlling the overall responses of immune cells to bacteria. In this study, regulation of TLR9 gene expression in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 by LPS was investigated. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine gene expression of TLR9. Following LPS stimulation, TLR9 gene expression was upregulated within 1 h and reached peak level at about 3 h. LPS stimulation activated NF-kappaB, ERK and p38 MAPK signal pathways. Pretreatment of macrophages with inhibitors of NF-kappaB, ERK and p38 MAPK signal pathways inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of TLR9 mRNA expression. Our results demonstrated that LPS stimulation could upregulate gene expression of TLR9 via NF-kappaB, ERK, and p38 MAPK signal pathways in macrophages, indicating that macrophages with increased TLR9 expression induced by LPS might respond to invading bacteria more effectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huazhang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yizhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Runzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Shuxun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhenghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhihai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xuetao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495370:Tlr9 protein, mouse; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases