title: Spinor bosonic atoms in optical lattices: symmetry breaking and fractionalization.
abstract: We study superfluid and Mott insulator phases of cold spin-1 Bose atoms with antiferromagnetic interactions in an optical lattice, including a usual polar condensate phase, a condensate of singlet pairs, a crystal spin nematic phase, and a spin singlet crystal phase. We suggest a possibility of exotic fractionalized phases of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates and discuss them in the language of Z2 lattice gauge theory.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demler
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou