title: Sensory, chemical and bacteriological changes during storage of iced squid (Todaropsis eblanae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To relate sensory shelf-life of iced whole and gutted squid to bacterial growth and chemical changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cooked mantles from whole and gutted individuals were rejected after 10 and 12 days of storage, respectively, due to ammoniacal off-odours. Rate of production of both ammonia and trimethylamine was highest in the whole lot. Agmatine, which was only present in trace amounts in freshly-caught squid, increased rapidly in both lots. The main microflora at the time of sensory rejection of iced whole squid included Gram-negative, motile and non-fermentative rods, which were psychrophilic and had a requirement for NaCl. 16S rDNA sequence analyses identified the strains as belonging to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Shewanella putrefaciens, Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. dominated in spoiled gutted squid. Identification of strains from the stomach and digestive gland of recently-captured squid showed that the main flora consisted of Photobacterium phosphoreum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spoilage of iced squid is likely to result from a combination of autolytic and bacterial changes. Agmatine seems to be an excellent freshness indicator. Photobacterium phosphoreum may contribute to spoilage through activity in the digestive gland, followed by diffusion of volatile compounds and amines to the mantle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the psychrophilic nature of P. phosphoreum and Pseudoalteromonas sp., spread-plating and low temperature incubation are recommended for bacteriological evaluation of iced squid.
authors.affiliation: Instituto del Frío (CSIC), Department of Science and Technology of Meat and Meat Products and Fish and Fishery Products, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain. tpaarup@if.csic.es
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paarup
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moral
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisgaard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000378:metabolism; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012034:Refrigeration; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S