title: Genetic risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only a minority of cigarette smokers develop symptomatic disease. Family and twin studies suggest that genetic factors also contribute to the development of COPD. We present a detailed literature review of the genes which have been investigated as potential risk factors for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Departement Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital Basel, Switzerland. ljoos@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Ladina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Paré
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sandford
mesh_terms: D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D005796:Genes; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000235:genetics*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics; D019896:alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases