Influence of socioeconomic status on drug selection for the elderly in Canada.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between socioeconomic status, as indicated by neighborhood median income levels, and physician drug selection between older, less expensive generic drugs and newer, more expensive brand-name drugs for elderly patients initiating drug therapy in a universal healthcare system.


METHODS
We conducted a population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Using healthcare administrative databases, we assessed the medication profiles of 128 314 patients from more than 1.4 million residents of Ontario > or =65 years old initiating antipsychotic, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin), or ocular beta-blocker drug therapy from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 1999. We examined the selection of older generic drugs relative to newer brand-name agents for patients in each of 5 income quintiles.


RESULTS
Overall, brand-name drug prescribing modestly increased with increasing income quintile after adjusting for patient age and gender (61.2% in the lowest income quintile vs. 64.1% in the highest income quintile; p value for trend < 0.001). Significant risk ratios comparing the highest with the lowest income-quintile patients were observed for selection of newer, brand-name antipsychotics (RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23), older generic statins (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.95), and newer, brand-name ocular beta-blockers (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25).


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that income-related differences in treatment selection by physicians may exist. The reasons for these differences and subsequent impact on health outcomes warrant further investigation.
Mamdani
Muhammad M
MM
Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 2075 Bayview Avenue-G215, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada. muhammad.mamdani@ices.on.ca
Tu
Karen
K
Austin
Peter C
PC
Alter
David A
DA
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D019472:Universal Health Insurance / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors