title: Perioperative medical management of antiphospholipid syndrome: hospital for special surgery experience, review of literature, and recommendations.
abstract: Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), who are predisposed to vascular thrombotic events, are at additional risk for thrombosis when they undergo surgery. Serious perioperative complications (recurrent thrombosis, catastrophic exacerbation, or bleeding) occur despite prophylaxis. We describe our perioperative experience with APS patients who underwent a variety of surgeries, review the literature, and discuss strategies that may guide other physicians in their perioperative evaluation and management of patients with APS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  perioperative strategies should be clearly identified before surgical procedure; pharmacological and physical antithrombosis interventions vigorously employed; periods without anticoagulation kept to a minimum; and any deviation from a normal course should be considered a potential disease related event.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA. derkan@pol.net
authors.forename: Doruk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erkan
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibowitz
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lockshin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents